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<document id="29FED22D0BF93F78CCC230DED4DCFAE9" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.620.3.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10012382" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1697527444879" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fonseca-Cortés, Andrés, Cardoso, Domingos Benício Oliveira Silva, Snak, Cristiane &amp; Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci De" docDate="2023" docId="03B587AB000ADB6DFF3EFA68FAA4A677" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.620.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 620 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.3.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Macropsychanthus ruschii Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L. P. Queiroz 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="231" masterDocId="FF8CFFD30008DB6BFFB6FFB4FFF8A328" masterDocTitle="A new endemic species of Macropsychanthus (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="225" pageNumber="227" updateTime="1727896810414" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="5A53624FEB91299BC1F0898DB7ABBF0B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="72BBA2EAB6DF723AFFAAE5D53C39D4AE">
<mods:title id="9C383EAF5839150BF8993AD2FC538B17">A new endemic species of Macropsychanthus (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B74EFE4886A64569B814EFD227F806BE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F5FCC02E50608EBBABF7CC662CBF6178">
<mods:roleTerm id="D4B2CB7E928A077C24536530B6C58E4B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0D1D15331247D546BEEF6B8E9F6B6D0F">Fonseca-Cortés, Andrés</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E5CCD2678D93D5B400D4FB5AE4532324" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7207-9940</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D2199D98C4843CFEB448614CCF745FEA">Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Av. Transnordestina s. n., Novo Horizonte. 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ADCA88012DC9609D3DF6DBD30F38ACC8" type="email">deafonsecaco@unal.edu.co</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0054AB87C397B15F002C875C9BE749E0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9BC834DC18591DB00F68FE68EDEE61CF">
<mods:roleTerm id="9BBB68BEACD5B212EFA434E436B19005">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="40BBDA83539352F9CE0CBD9E03F8CEA3">Cardoso, Domingos Benício Oliveira Silva</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="652FE55547BFD884AF20F7DBF435E1EA" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7072-2656</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="509B7CD27FD4A9DB555C9A50E8264092">Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s. n., Ondina, 40170 - 115, Salvador, BA, Brazil &amp; Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7EB794EEAEBE331238F8B01E6C8B49BA" type="email">cardosobot@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="87D4B447585235EAC551637EED06522B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B86EBF5B583C02CB3500E13F9F56B425">
<mods:roleTerm id="0DFAAE3D3CC71CCFD1D43756FC7295FA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3F3CA9BDE124A8BF121050040B4E8D20">Snak, Cristiane</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2EC40029C5084C4A08AE126DB7429C8F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7728-6487</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A6527D11B9CECFECE299409AEA604E7E">Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Cel. Fernandes Martins 270, Progresso, 88790 - 000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8247F2BD9F7BEB40B6FEE2312A29D2E3" type="email">cristianesnak@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="84652F34164120B7C542EA80037B1D51" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DD762A0A3B7072E657324F85A8AAF601">
<mods:roleTerm id="1DB2F359C2E30AFBE27CF721C300D32E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A3E7CF8E00639CF6B086B69D9F3F1916">Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci De</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D3C6F6F8BE8A73B2482920278ACD103D" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7436-0939</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="53DBA33C131E93FD110101036D9A7AC9">Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Av. Transnordestina s. n., Novo Horizonte. 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="54077026BAF153252C37427C6AFD3318" type="email">luciano.paganucci@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="658D9870E9BE12C34B0356DD9A0DA6E5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BE044272E49090BE5F517B05B438538C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D6C0E3E62FA35FB75F45DC56EF15A163">
<mods:title id="3A85BF2592DCA964F882220D14B99D1F">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="FB949F90BA3A5182FC6EF04C540E17BD">
<mods:date id="BC6545FFC1E3ED7282EABA6530ECA675">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6D9F69748FB1C99F3D22A1257201D59A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="E428CB697657633D36722939E8B5A282">2023-10-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="324AA2724091520F4D944CE275A3F9CA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3F5F89146CF29B30047ECB9ABA598895">620</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="717131FF1537CB1FE1A7A15D7F6BA89D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="5CC65E13B647027C81AE3EB6F40F9034">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="5547F3DCD0335640A48571C292D63888" unit="page">
<mods:start id="6E2EA3691FEF815AF59CEFCCA52F9DCD">225</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EC7F34B5068AEAF70AC2163815C8161E">234</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="71257A008C2271E7199EC8D080087D39">
<mods:url id="27BBE2C04EE042DF30054AC03119DC63">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.3.3</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="1765D72698AF3C8C4F8F8EC11D5E071A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4B375746C88109BCA92DC247A33A5E6B" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.620.3.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E809D46D36562700599CC6B752838E01" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6DC4DE27BB507EA67403E2EDD60C9F50" type="Zenodo-Dep">10012382</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B587AB000ADB6DFF3EFA68FAA4A677" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587AB000ADB6DFF3EFA68FAA4A677" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587AB000ADB6DFF3EFA68FAA4A677" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<subSubSection id="C3066536000ADB69FF3EFA68FC82A6DE" box="[136,890,1500,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000ADB69FF3EFA68FC82A6DE" blockId="2.[136,890,1500,1527]" box="[136,890,1500,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000ADB69FF3EFA68FCE1A6DE" ID-CoL="CG24H" authority="Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L.P. Queiroz" authorityName="Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,793,1500,1527]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FF3EFA68FE49A6DE" box="[136,433,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Macropsychanthus ruschii</emphasis>
Fonseca-Cortés &amp; L.P. Queiroz
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FC93FA69FC82A6DE" box="[805,890,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57D4000ADB69FC93FA69FC82A6DE" box="[805,890,1501,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066536000ADB69FF3EF990FA98A5AF" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000ADB69FF3EF990FA98A5AF" blockId="2.[136,1452,1572,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
Within the Atlantic Forest clade,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000ADB69FE59F991FD98A516" authorityName="Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2023" box="[495,608,1572,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FE59F991FD98A516" box="[495,608,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">M. ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily recognized by a combination of unique morphological features: stipules measuring 1.7–2.0 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FE67F9FCFDA8A54B" box="[465,592,1608,1635]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 cm</quantity>
, leaflets glabrescent with 7–10 pairs of secondary veins, inflorescences to
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FA39F9FCFF52A5AF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
long, flowers with predominantly pink petals, measuring 1.0–
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FCDAF9D8FC4FA5AF" box="[876,951,1644,1671]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
long, and keel 0.8–1.0 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FB6AF9D8FAA5A5AF" box="[1244,1373,1644,1671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066536000ADB69FF3EF90CFB16A5D9" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000ADB69FF3EF90CFB16A5D9" blockId="2.[136,1452,1720,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FF3EF90CFF42A5E5" bold="true" box="[136,186,1720,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Type</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="3B743CE0000ADB69FF6EF90CFB12A5D9" collectingDate="2009-04-03" collectionCode="HUEFS" collectorName="D. Cardoso" country="Brazil" elevation="734" location="Reserva Biologica Santa Lucia" municipality="Santa Teresa" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="HUEFS-151379!" specimenCount="734" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F30B762D000ADB69FF6EF90CFEEEA5E6" box="[216,278,1720,1742]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85F000ADB69FE96F90CFE54A5E5" box="[288,428,1720,1742]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7ACC7000ADB69FE01F90CFDCBA5E5" box="[439,563,1720,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Santa Teresa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC36066000ADB69FD8BF90CFC94A5E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587AB000ADB6DFF3EFA68FAA4A677:8EC36066000ADB69FD8BF90CFC94A5E6" box="[573,876,1720,1742]" country="Brazil" municipality="Santa Teresa" name="Reserva Biologica Santa Lucia" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Reserva Biológica Santa Lúcia</location>
; trilha do
<location id="8EC36066000ADB69FC78F90CFBFFA5E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587AB000ADB6DFF3EFA68FAA4A677:8EC36066000ADB69FC78F90CFBFFA5E6" box="[974,1031,1720,1742]" country="Brazil" municipality="Santa Teresa" name="Sagui" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Sagui</location>
, floresta ombrófila densa, no topo da serra,
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD34000ADB69FF0BF968FEF9A5D9" box="[189,257,1756,1777]" count="734" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FF0BF968FF05A5D9" box="[189,253,1756,1777]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.34" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="734.0">734 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
elev.,
<geoCoordinate id="EE28507A000ADB69FE88F96EFE5BA5D9" box="[318,419,1754,1777]" direction="latitude" orientation="south" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" value="19.56">19°56ʹ2ʹʹS</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE28507A000ADB69FE1BF968FDDEA5D9" box="[429,550,1754,1778]" direction="longitude" orientation="west" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" value="-40.35">40°35ʹ22ʹʹW</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFA2107D000ADB69FD99F968FD52A5D9" box="[559,682,1756,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" value="2009-04-03">
<collectingDate id="EFE6E995000ADB69FD99F968FD52A5D9" box="[559,682,1756,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" value="2009-04-03">3 April 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FD02F968FC77A5D9" box="[692,911,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<collectorName id="26E9536B000ADB69FD02F968FCDCA5D9" box="[692,804,1756,1777]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">D. Cardoso</collectorName>
et al. 2471
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54A7881F000ADB69FC2AF968FC0DA5DA" box="[924,1013,1756,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EC6000ADB69FC48F968FB50A5DA" box="[1022,1192,1756,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">HUEFS-151379!</specimenCode>
).
<figureCitation id="13272A38000ADB69FB00F968FB12A5D9" box="[1206,1258,1756,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,726,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-285@3.[221,1365,713,1890]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macropsychanthus ruschii. A. Branch. B. Stipule. C. Ramiflorous inflorescence. D. Flower bud. E. Flowers. F. Petals. G. Androecium. Scales: A: 1 cm, B: 5 mm, C: 15 cm, D: 3 mm, E: 3 mm, F: 6 mm, G: 2 mm. Drawn from Cardoso et al. 2471 (HUEFS). Elaborated by Andrés Fonseca-Cortés. E. from a field photograph by Domingos Cardoso." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10012388/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Fig 2</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066536000ADB68FF0BF894FB6DA198" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000ADB68FF0BF894FB6DA198" blockId="2.[136,1452,1824,2067]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,689]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FF0BF894FEF6A412" bold="true" box="[189,270,1824,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Lianas</emphasis>
scanding up to the forest canopy;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FD2EF894FD23A412" bold="true" box="[664,731,1824,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">stems</emphasis>
rounded, brown, hollow, glabrous; indumentum of fulvous and strigose trichomes on the young branches, stipules, petiole, petiolules and rachis, leaflet undersurface on primary and secondary veins and inflorescence peduncle and rachis.
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FCBCF8DCFC91A4AA" bold="true" box="[778,873,1896,1922]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Stipules</emphasis>
1.7–2.0 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FC5FF8DCFB90A4AB" box="[1001,1128,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 cm</quantity>
long, medifixed, both lobes lanceolate-falcate, the upper lobe longer and wider.
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FD7BF838FCE7A48E" bold="true" box="[717,799,1932,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, spirally arranged;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FBD6F838FB57A48E" bold="true" box="[1120,1199,1932,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">petiole</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FB00F838FAF1A48F" box="[1206,1289,1932,1959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 cm</quantity>
long, terete to angular, canaliculate;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FECDF804FE3CA4E2" bold="true" box="[379,452,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">rachis</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FE7DF804FDBFA4E3" box="[459,583,1968,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 cm</quantity>
long, terete or angular;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FCF9F804FC62A4E2" bold="true" box="[847,922,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">stipels</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FC16F804FBE4A4E3" box="[928,1052,1968,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 cm</quantity>
long, linear;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FB18F804FAD1A4E2" bold="true" box="[1198,1321,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">pulvinules</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE49B58000ADB69FA99F804FA53A4E3" box="[1327,1451,1968,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 cm</quantity>
long, cylindrical;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FEE6F860FE5CA4C6" bold="true" box="[336,420,2004,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">leaflets</emphasis>
three, chartaceous, elliptical, glabrescent, base rounded, truncate or cordate, apex extended into a 0.5–1.0 cm long acumen, mucronate, pinnately veined with 7–10 pairs of secondary veins;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000ADB69FB73F84CFA83AB3A" bold="true" box="[1221,1403,2040,2066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">terminal leaflet</emphasis>
8–9 × 4.0–
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FF67FF2AFED8A391" box="[209,288,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FE9DFF2AFE2CA390" bold="true" box="[299,468,158,184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">lateral leaflets</emphasis>
7–9 × 4.0–
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FDE3FF2AFD5CA391" box="[597,676,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
, base slightly asymmetric.
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FC62FF2AFB8AA390" bold="true" box="[980,1138,158,184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Inflorescence</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FBCFFF2AFB22A391" box="[1145,1242,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">9–15 cm</quantity>
long, ramiflorous, emerging below the coeval leaves, pseudoracemose, straight; peduncle of inflorescence
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FBEEFF76FB52A3F5" box="[1112,1194,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 cm</quantity>
long; brachyblasts
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FA37FF76FF4CA229" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long, incurved, pedicellate,
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FE4EFF52FD8EA229" box="[504,630,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 cm</quantity>
apart;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FD71FF52FC74A228" bold="true" box="[711,908,230,256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">first order bract</emphasis>
(at the brachyblast attachment) 3–5 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FAF0FF52FA5FA229" box="[1350,1447,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
, erect, lanceolate, sericeous, fulvous;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FD93FEBEFCFFA20C" bold="true" box="[549,775,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">second order bract</emphasis>
(at the pedicel attachment) 2–3 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FB31FEBEFB1EA20D" box="[1159,1254,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
, ovate, sericeous, fulvous;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FF5BFE9AFE9EA260" bold="true" box="[237,358,302,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">bracteoles</emphasis>
(at calyx base) 2, opposite, 2–3 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FD4EFE9AFCA1A261" box="[760,857,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
, rounded, sericeous, fulvous or dark brown; pedicel
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FF3EFEE6FEFEA245" box="[136,262,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="cm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 cm</quantity>
long, sericeous, fulvous.
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FD9EFEE6FD7FA244" bold="true" box="[552,647,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Flowers</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FD39FEE6FCF1A245" box="[655,777,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
long;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FCE7FEE6FC77A244" bold="true" box="[849,911,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">calyx</emphasis>
8–12 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FC59FEE6FBB6A245" box="[1007,1102,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
, campanulate, slightly gibbous behind the upper lobe, glabrous or strigose, fulvous, upper lobe 3–5 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FC19FEC2FBF7A2B9" box="[943,1039,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
, rounded, emarginated; lateral lobes 3–5 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FF78FE2EFED5A29D" box="[206,301,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
, triangular, straight; lower lobe 3–5 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FD63FE2EFCCBA29D" box="[725,819,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
, triangular;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FC0FFE2EFC07A29C" bold="true" box="[953,1023,410,436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">petals</emphasis>
glabrous, pink;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FB04FE2EFAA7A29C" bold="true" box="[1202,1375,410,436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">standard petal</emphasis>
12–15 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FF16FE0AFEF6A2F1" box="[160,270,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 mm</quantity>
, rounded, with two callosities and two auricles at the base, apex emarginate, claw 2–4 × to
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FA96FE0AFA9DA2F1" box="[1312,1381,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FAC4FE0AFF36A2D4" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">wing petals</emphasis>
10–13 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FE8BFE56FE65A2D5" box="[317,413,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
, lower lobe and apex rounded, claw 4–6 × to
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FC1EFE56FC14A2D5" box="[936,1004,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, with a dorsal spur near the base of the claw;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FF7AFDB2FEB1A108" bold="true" box="[204,329,518,544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">keel petals</emphasis>
8–10 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FE11FDB2FDFEA109" box="[423,518,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
, with one straight lobule, apex rounded, claw 5–6 × to
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FBC6FDB2FB4CA109" box="[1136,1204,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, with a spur;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FAFDFDB2FA53A108" bold="true" box="[1355,1451,518,544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">stamens</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FF3EFD9EFEFAA16D" box="[136,258,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 mm</quantity>
long, pseudomonadelphous, 5 fertile stamens on longer filaments, anthers ovate, 5 staminodes on shorter filaments, anthers ovate with the apex caudate; intrastaminal nectariferous disk shortly cylindrical;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FABAFDFAFAA8A140" bold="true" box="[1292,1360,590,616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">ovary</emphasis>
sessile, ovoid, 2–3-ovulate, covered with dark brown sericeous indumentum,
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FC1BFDC6FC1BA1A4" bold="true" box="[941,995,626,652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">style</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE49B58000BDB68FC58FDC6FBA8A1A5" box="[1006,1104,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
, linear, with the basal portion covered by dark brown sericeous indumentum;
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FD2BFD22FD14A198" bold="true" box="[669,748,662,688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">stigma</emphasis>
truncate.
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FCEAFD22FBE6A198" bold="true" box="[860,1054,662,688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Fruits and seeds</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF636635000BDB68FF3EF8CFFC1CA4F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012388" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10012388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10012388/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" startId="3.[136,234,1915,1937]" targetBox="[234,1352,726,1877]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000BDB68FF3EF8CFFC1CA4F1" blockId="3.[136,1452,1915,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FF3EF8CFFEFCA4B8" bold="true" box="[136,260,1915,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000BDB68FEBDF8CFFDF4A4B8" authorityName="Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2023" box="[267,524,1915,1936]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FEBDF8CFFDF4A4B8" box="[267,524,1915,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Macropsychanthus ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Branch. B. Stipule. C. Ramiflorous inflorescence. D. Flower bud. E. Flowers. F. Petals. G. Androecium. Scales: A: 1 cm, B: 5 mm, C: 15 cm, D: 3 mm, E: 3 mm, F: 6 mm, G: 2 mm. Drawn from
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000BDB68FB34F82BFABAA49C" box="[1154,1346,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Cardoso et al. 2471</emphasis>
(HUEFS). Elaborated by Andrés Fonseca-Cortés. E. from a field photograph by Domingos Cardoso.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF636635000CDB6FFF3EFAA9FD91A652" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10012392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10012392/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" startId="4.[136,234,1309,1331]" targetBox="[264,1323,190,1284]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000CDB6FFF3EFAA9FD91A652" blockId="4.[136,1452,1309,1403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFF3EFAA9FEFAA61A" bold="true" box="[136,258,1309,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Representative
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFE2BFAA9FD65A61B" box="[413,669,1309,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFE2BFAA9FDABA61A" box="[413,595,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
of the Atlantic Forest clade. A.
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFC78FAA9FB97A61A" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak H. C. Lima" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz" box="[974,1135,1309,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandistipula">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFC78FAA9FB97A61A" box="[974,1135,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">M. grandistipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. B.
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFB21FAA9FB02A61A" authorityName="Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2023" box="[1175,1274,1309,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFB21FAA9FB02A61A" box="[1175,1274,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">M. ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C.
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFA94FAA9FA70A61A" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak S. Buzato" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Benth." box="[1314,1416,1309,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFA94FAA9FA70A61A" box="[1314,1416,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">M. schottii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. D.
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFF3EFAF5FF18A67E" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Kuhlm." box="[136,224,1345,1366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFF3EFAF5FF18A67E" box="[136,224,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">M. edulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photographs: A. Robson Ribeiro. B. Domingos Cardoso. C. Andrés Fonseca-Cortés D. Helton Josue. Scales A: 5 mm, B: 3 mm. C–D: 4 mm. Elaboration: Andrés Fonseca-Cortés.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3066536000CDB6FFF0BFA1DFDF4A507" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000CDB6FFF0BFA1DFDF4A507" blockId="4.[136,1452,1449,2051]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFF0BFA1DFEC6A6EB" bold="true" box="[189,318,1449,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet commemorates Augusto Ruschi (1915–1986), an important Brazilian conservationist, who fought against the deforestation of the Atlantic Forest, mainly in the state of
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85F000CDB6FFB6DFA79FA83A6CF" box="[1243,1403,1485,1511]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
and actively promoted the conservation of some areas of the Atlantic forest in
<collectingCountry id="F30B762D000CDB6FFC7CFA45FBF6A523" box="[970,1038,1521,1547]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Brazil</collectingCountry>
including the creation of the reserve where this new species was found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066536000CDB6FFF0BF98DFBE3A45C" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000CDB6FFF0BF98DFBE3A45C" blockId="4.[136,1452,1449,2051]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFF0BF98DFE27A57B" bold="true" box="[189,479,1593,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:—The new species is only known from the
<collectingCountry id="F30B762D000CDB6FFC7FF98DFBB5A57B" box="[969,1101,1593,1619]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Santa Lúcia</collectingCountry>
Biological Station, at the Santa Teresa municipality in the state of Espírito Santo (
<figureCitation id="13272A38000CDB6FFD0BF9E9FCD9A55F" box="[701,801,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1808,1830]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,190,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[227,1361,190,1783]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution map of M. ruschii (pink) and its closest morphological related species, M. grandistipula (black), in gray the Atlantic Forest Domain, down the habitat in which M. ruschii grows. Elaboration: Andrés Fonseca-Cortés." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10012394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). Vegetation of the area is mostly composed by evergreen rain forests on a steepy landscape.
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFDA7F935FCC3A5B3" authorityName="Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2023" box="[529,827,1665,1691]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFDA7F935FCC3A5B3" box="[529,827,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Macropsychanthus ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected in a mountain slope at about
<quantity id="4CE49B58000CDB6FFA9FF935FA88A5B4" box="[1321,1392,1665,1692]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
elev. This area is an important richness center of the eastern Brazilian Atlantic Forests and several new species had been described from there in different plant groups including
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFD4FF97EFBC0A5CB" authority="L. Kollmann" authorityName="L. Kollmann" box="[761,1080,1737,1763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFD4FF97EFC52A5CB" box="[761,938,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Begonia ruschii</emphasis>
L.Kollmann
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFBF1F97DFB23A5CB" box="[1095,1243,1737,1763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4C000CDB6FFB50F97DFA67A5CB" author="Kollmann, L. J. C." box="[1254,1439,1737,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="29 - 33" refId="ref4863" refString="Kollmann, L. J. C. (2003) Begonia ruschii L. Kollmann (Begoniaceae), uma nova especie da Floresta Atlantica do Espirito Santo, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Mello Leitao Nova Serie, 15: 29 - 33." type="journal article" year="2003">Kollmann, 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFF3EF959FD9FA42F" authority="Bacci &amp; R. Goldenb." authorityName="Bacci &amp; R. Goldenb." box="[136,615,1773,1799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Bertolonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschiana">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFF3EF959FE80A42F" box="[136,376,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Bertolonia ruschiana</emphasis>
Bacci &amp; R.Goldenb.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFDC0F959FCC6A42F" box="[630,830,1773,1799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4C000CDB6FFCFFF959FBEDA42F" author="Bacci, L. F. &amp; Amorim, A. M. &amp; Goldenberg, M." box="[841,1045,1773,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="2822" refId="ref4048" refString="Bacci, L. F., Amorim, A. M. &amp; Goldenberg, M. (2016) Three new species of Bertolonia (Melastomataceae) from Espirito Santo, Brazil. PeerJ 4: e 2822. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2822" type="journal article" year="2016">
Bacci
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFC27F95AFC3BA42F" box="[913,963,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFB9FF959FDE9A403" authority="(Fiaschi &amp; Pirani) Fiaschi &amp; G. M. Plunkett" authorityName="Fiaschi &amp; G. M. Plunkett" baseAuthorityName="Fiaschi &amp; Pirani" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Didymopanax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschianus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFB9FF959FAB1A42F" box="[1065,1353,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Didymopanax ruschianus</emphasis>
(Fiaschi &amp; Pirani) Fiaschi &amp; G.M.Plunkett
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFD95F8A5FD58A403" box="[547,672,1809,1835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4C000CDB6FFD18F8A5FC40A404" author="Fiaschi, P. R. &amp; Pirani, J. R." box="[686,952,1809,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="77 - 85" refId="ref4445" refString="Fiaschi, P. R. &amp; Pirani, J. R. (2005) Four new species of Schefflera (Araliaceae) from Espirito Santo State, Brazil. Kew Bulletin 60: 77 - 85. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4110886]" type="journal article" year="2005">Fiaschi &amp; Pirani, 2005</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFC79F8A6FEFAA478" authority="(Sobral) A. R. Lourenco &amp; E. Lucas" authorityName="A. R. Lourenco &amp; E. Lucas" baseAuthorityName="Sobral" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrcia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santalucia">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFC79F8A6FB65A403" box="[975,1181,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Myrcia santalucia</emphasis>
(Sobral) A.R.Lourenço &amp; E.Lucas
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFEA4F881FE76A467" box="[274,398,1845,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4C000CDB6FFE2DF881FDC8A467" author="Sobral, M." box="[411,560,1845,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="44 - 45" refId="ref6012" refString="Sobral, M. (2013) Eight new Atlantic rainforest species and nomenclatural notes in Brazilian Myrtaceae. Phytotaxa 135 (1): 44 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 135.1.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Sobral, 2013</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFDF3F882FBD6A478" authority="Maas &amp; Westra" authorityName="Maas &amp; Westra" box="[581,1070,1845,1872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Unonopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-teresae">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFDF3F882FC8CA467" box="[581,884,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Unonopsis sanctae-teresae</emphasis>
Maas &amp; Westra
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000CDB6FFB88F881FB36A467" box="[1086,1230,1845,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4C000CDB6FFB6DF882FA5CA467" author="Maas, P. J. M. &amp; Westra, L. Y. T. H. &amp; Vermeer, M." box="[1243,1444,1845,1872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="521 - 523" refId="ref5213" refString="Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T. H. &amp; Vermeer, M. (2007) Revision of the Neotropical genera Bocageopsis, Onychopetalum, and Unonopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 52 (3): 521 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651907 X 608909" type="journal article" year="2007">
Maas
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFA96F882FAABA467" box="[1312,1363,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">et al</emphasis>
., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
) amongst several other species, highlighting the importance of that preserved area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066536000CDB6FFF0BF8C9FE47AB2B" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000CDB6FFF0BF8C9FE47AB2B" blockId="4.[136,1452,1449,2051]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000CDB6FFF0BF8C9FE52A4BF" bold="true" box="[189,426,1917,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Conservation status</emphasis>
:—As the species is only known for one locality, it is not possible to assess the conservation status using the criterion B (AOO and EOO) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4C000CDB6FFD37F815FCE9A493" author="IUCN" box="[641,785,1953,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" refId="ref4769" refString="IUCN. (2022) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 2021 - 2. Available at: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (Accessed 24 March 2023.)." type="url" year="2022">IUCN, 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Despite being collected in a reserve, the new species could probably occur in other AF forests of
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85F000CDB6FFD85F871FD2BA4F7" box="[563,723,1989,2015]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
or in other states. In this sense, the DD (data deficient) category is proposed for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF636635000DDB6EFF3EF8A4FB70A461" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10012394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10012394/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" startId="5.[136,234,1808,1830]" targetBox="[227,1361,190,1783]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000DDB6EFF3EF8A4FB70A461" blockId="5.[136,1451,1808,1866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFF3EF8A4FEFCA40D" bold="true" box="[136,260,1808,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000DDB6EFE62F8A5FDC1A40D" box="[468,569,1808,1830]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFE62F8A5FDC1A40D" box="[468,569,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">M. ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pink) and its closest morphological related species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000DDB6EFBF3F8A5FB1FA40D" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak H. C. Lima" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz" box="[1093,1255,1808,1830]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandistipula">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFBF3F8A5FB1FA40D" box="[1093,1255,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">M. grandistipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black), in gray the Atlantic Forest Domain, down the habitat in which
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000DDB6EFDC0F881FD21A461" box="[630,729,1844,1866]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFDC0F881FD21A461" box="[630,729,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">M. ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows. Elaboration: Andrés Fonseca-Cortés.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3066536000DDB6EFF0BF8CCFCE6A4F3" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000DDB6EFF0BF8CCFCE6A4F3" blockId="5.[136,1452,1912,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFF0BF8CCFD9EA4BA" bold="true" box="[189,614,1912,1938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Additional specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B743CE0000DDB6EFDD0F8CCFCE2A4F3" collectingDate="2011-05-25" collectionCode="HUEFS" collectorName="L. P. Queiroz" country="Brazil" elevation="656" latitude="19.58" location="Reserva Biologica de Santa Lucia" longitude="40.32" municipality="Santa Teresa" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
<collectingCountry id="F30B762D000DDB6EFDD0F8CCFD55A4BA" box="[614,685,1912,1938]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85F000DDB6EFD0BF8CCFC9CA4BB" box="[701,868,1912,1939]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7ACC7000DDB6EFCC5F8CDFBF0A4BB" box="[883,1032,1913,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Santa Teresa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC36066000DDB6EFBA1F8CDFA50A4BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587AB000ADB6DFF3EFA68FAA4A677:8EC36066000DDB6EFBA1F8CDFA50A4BA" box="[1047,1448,1912,1939]" country="Brazil" municipality="Santa Teresa" name="Reserva Biologica de Santa Lucia" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Reserva Biológica de Santa Lúcia</location>
,
<location id="8EC36066000DDB6EFF3EF828FECEA49E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587AB000ADB6DFF3EFA68FAA4A677:8EC36066000DDB6EFF3EF828FECEA49E" box="[136,310,1948,1974]" country="Brazil" municipality="Santa Teresa" name="Trilha do Sagui" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Trilha do Sagui</location>
,
<location id="8EC36066000DDB6EFEF7F828FDE1A49E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587AB000ADB6DFF3EFA68FAA4A677:8EC36066000DDB6EFEF7F828FDE1A49E" box="[321,537,1948,1974]" country="Brazil" municipality="Santa Teresa" name="Floresta Ombrofila" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Floresta Ombrófila</location>
, densa e áreas de capoeira em afloramento de arenito,
<quantity id="4CE49B58000DDB6EFBC7F828FB42A49F" box="[1137,1210,1948,1975]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.56" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="656.0">656 m</quantity>
. elev.,
<geoCoordinate id="EE28507A000DDB6EFAB3F829FA86A49F" box="[1285,1406,1949,1977]" direction="latitude" orientation="south" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" value="19.58">19° 58ʹ4ʹʹS</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE28507A000DDB6EFA32F829FF27A4F3" direction="longitude" orientation="west" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" value="-40.32">40° 32ʹ4ʹʹW</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFA2107D000DDB6EFF5CF874FE7AA4F3" box="[234,386,1984,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" value="2011-05-25">
<collectingDate id="EFE6E995000DDB6EFF5CF874FE7AA4F3" box="[234,386,1984,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" value="2011-05-25">25 May 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFE3BF875FD5CA4F3" box="[397,676,1984,2011]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<collectorName id="26E9536B000DDB6EFE3BF875FDE0A4F3" box="[397,536,1985,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">L.P. Queiroz</collectorName>
et al. 15254
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE78000DDB6EFD05F875FCEAA4F3" box="[691,786,1985,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">HUEFS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066536000DDB6DFF0BF851FAA4A677" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000DDB6DFF0BF851FDDFA20C" blockId="5.[136,1452,1912,2083]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1452,158,292]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFF0BF851FEDEA4D7" bold="true" box="[189,294,2021,2047]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Notes:—</emphasis>
The predominantly pink petals observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000DDB6EFC80F851FC48A4D6" box="[822,944,2020,2046]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFC80F851FC48A4D6" box="[822,944,2020,2046]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">M. ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown in any species of the genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000DDB6EFF3EF7BCFE49AB0A" authorityName="Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,433,2056,2082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFF3EF7BCFE49AB0A" box="[136,433,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Macropsychanthus ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000DDB6EFCB7F7BDFC45AB0A" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak H. C. Lima" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz" box="[769,957,2056,2082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandistipula">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000DDB6EFCB7F7BDFC45AB0A" box="[769,957,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">M. grandistipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differing by presenting stipules 1.7–2.0 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000EDB6DFF17FF2AFED9A391" box="[161,289,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" unit="cm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 cm</quantity>
(vs. 1.5–3.0 ×
<quantity id="4CE49B58000EDB6DFE63FF2AFDACA391" box="[469,596,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" unit="cm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.5 cm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFDCBFF2BFCC4A390" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak H. C. Lima" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz" box="[637,828,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandistipula">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFDCBFF2BFCC4A390" box="[637,828,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. grandistipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) flowers 1.0–
<quantity id="4CE49B58000EDB6DFC69FF2AFBD4A391" box="[991,1068,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
long (vs. 1.7–2.0 cm long), pink petals with white stripes (vs. white petals with pink stripes) and keel 0.8–1.0 cm long (vs.
<quantity id="4CE49B58000EDB6DFB3FFF76FAFFA3F5" box="[1161,1287,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" unit="cm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.7 cm</quantity>
long). Further differences between the new species and its morphologically and phylogenetically closely related species are presented in
<tableCitation id="C69E0306000EDB6DFF12FEBEFF0FA20C" box="[164,247,266,292]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[136,224,340,364]" captionTargetBox="[149,1427,419,939]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological characteristics for distinguishing M. ruschii of other morphological similar species of the AF, in bold the diagnostic characters of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF636635000EDB6DFF3EFEE0FD8DA2B8" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" tableUuid="DF636635000EDB6DFF3EFEE0FD8DA2B8">Table 1</tableCitation>
and illustrated in
<figureCitation id="13272A38000EDB6DFE77FEBEFDD9A20C" box="[449,545,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1309,1331]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,190,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[264,1323,190,1284]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Representative Macropsychanthus species of the Atlantic Forest clade.A. M. grandistipula. B. M. ruschii. C. M. schottii. D. M. edulis. Photographs:A. Robson Ribeiro. B. Domingos Cardoso. C.Andrés Fonseca-Cortés D. Helton Josue. Scales A: 5 mm, B: 3 mm. C–D: 4 mm. Elaboration: Andrés Fonseca-Cortés." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10012392/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Figure 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF636635000EDB6DFF3EFEE0FD8DA2B8" ID-Table-UUID="DF636635000EDB6DFF3EFEE0FD8DA2B8" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF636635000EDB6DFF3EFEE0FD8DA2B8" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" startId="6.[136,224,340,364]" targetBox="[149,1427,419,939]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000EDB6DFF3EFEE0FD8DA2B8" blockId="6.[136,1452,340,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFF3EFEE0FF03A244" bold="true" box="[136,251,340,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological characteristics for distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFCBBFEE1FC83A244" authorityName="Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2023" box="[781,891,340,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFCBBFEE1FC83A244" box="[781,891,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of other morphological similar species of the AF, in bold the diagnostic characters of each species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000EDB6DFF23FE17FAC9A082" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<table id="F91CC41D000E2494FF23FE17FA6BA083" box="[149,1427,419,939]" gridcols="6" gridrows="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FE17FA6BA291" box="[149,1427,419,441]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FE17FE88A291" box="[149,368,419,441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Characters</th>
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FE17FDA2A291" box="[404,602,419,441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFE22FE10FE15A290" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Kuhlm." box="[404,493,419,441]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFE22FE10FE15A290" box="[404,493,419,441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. edulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FE17FC98A291" box="[657,864,419,441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFD27FE10FCCAA290" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak H. C. Lima" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz" box="[657,818,419,441]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandistipula">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFD27FE10FCCAA290" box="[657,818,419,441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. grandistipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FE17FBE1A291" box="[902,1049,419,441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFC30FE10FBF9A290" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak J. Stehman" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Benth." box="[902,1025,419,441]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFC30FE10FBF9A290" box="[902,1025,419,441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FE17FB3DA291" box="[1091,1221,419,441]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFBF5FE10FB5EA290" authorityName="Fonseca-Cortes &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2023" box="[1091,1190,419,441]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruschii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFBF5FE10FB5EA290" box="[1091,1190,419,441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. ruschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FE17FA6BA291" box="[1280,1427,419,441]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFAB6FE10FA9FA290" box="[1280,1383,419,441]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFAB6FE10FA9FA290" box="[1280,1383,419,441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. schottii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FE7AFA6BA2CC" box="[149,1427,462,484]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FE7AFE88A2CC" box="[149,368,462,484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Stipule length (mm)</th>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FE7AFDA2A2CC" box="[404,602,462,484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">10–20</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FE7AFC98A2CC" box="[657,864,462,484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFD27FE7AFD34A2CB" bold="true" box="[657,716,462,483]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">15–30</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FE7AFBE1A2CC" box="[902,1049,462,484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">10–20</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FE7AFB3DA2CC" box="[1091,1221,462,484]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFBF5FE7AFB87A2CB" bold="true" box="[1091,1151,462,483]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">17–20</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FE7AFA6BA2CC" box="[1280,1427,462,484]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">10–20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FE4DFA6BA138" box="[149,1427,505,528]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FE4DFE88A138" box="[149,368,505,528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Stipule width (mm)</th>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FE4DFDA2A138" box="[404,602,505,528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">3–6</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FE4DFC98A138" box="[657,864,505,528]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFD27FE4DFD38A126" bold="true" box="[657,704,505,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">7–15</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FE4DFBE1A138" box="[902,1049,505,528]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">3–6</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FE4DFB3DA138" box="[1091,1221,505,528]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFBF5FE4DFB90A126" bold="true" box="[1091,1128,505,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">2–3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FE4DFA6BA138" box="[1280,1427,505,528]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">3–5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FD91FA6BA113" box="[149,1427,549,571]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FD91FE88A113" box="[149,368,549,571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Rachis length</th>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FD91FDA2A113" box="[404,602,549,571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFE22FD91FE40A112" bold="true" box="[404,440,549,570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">1–2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FD91FC98A113" box="[657,864,549,571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">2–2.5 cm long</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FD91FBE1A113" box="[902,1049,549,571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFC30FD91FC11A112" bold="true" box="[902,1001,549,570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">To 0.5 cm</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FD91FB3DA113" box="[1091,1221,549,571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">0.5–0.7 cm</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FD91FA6BA113" box="[1280,1427,549,571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">0.2–1.5 cm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FDE4FA6BA186" box="[149,1427,592,686]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FDE4FE88A186" box="[149,368,592,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">leaflet undersurface indumentum</th>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FDE4FDA2A186" box="[404,602,592,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Strigose to sericeous and fulvous</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FDE4FC98A186" box="[657,864,592,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Glabrescent</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FDE4FBE1A186" box="[902,1049,592,686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Strigose to sericeous and fulvous</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FDE4FB3DA186" box="[1091,1221,592,686]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Glabrescent</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FDE4FA6BA186" box="[1280,1427,592,686]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFAB6FDD6FA9CA1B3" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Sericeous and argenteus</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FD70FA6BA1F2" box="[149,1427,708,730]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FD70FE88A1F2" box="[149,368,708,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">bracteoles size (mm)</th>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FD70FDA2A1F2" box="[404,602,708,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">3–4 × 3–4</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FD70FC98A1F2" box="[657,864,708,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">1–3 × 1–3</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FD70FBE1A1F2" box="[902,1049,708,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">3–4 × 3–4</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FD70FB3DA1F2" box="[1091,1221,708,730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">2–3 × 1–3</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FD70FA6BA1F2" box="[1280,1427,708,730]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">2–4 × 2–3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FD5BFA6BA02D" box="[149,1427,751,773]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FD5BFE88A02D" box="[149,368,751,773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">flower length (mm)</th>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FD5BFDA2A02D" box="[404,602,751,773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">13–16</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FD5BFC98A02D" box="[657,864,751,773]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFD27FD5BFD34A02C" bold="true" box="[657,716,751,772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">17–20</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FD5BFBE1A02D" box="[902,1049,751,773]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">13–16</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FD5BFB3DA02D" box="[1091,1221,751,773]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFBF5FD5BFB78A02C" bold="true" box="[1091,1152,751,772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">10–12</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FD5BFA6BA02D" box="[1280,1427,751,773]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">13–16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FCAEFA6BA07C" box="[149,1427,794,852]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FCAEFE88A07C" box="[149,368,794,852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">petal color</th>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FCAEFDA2A07C" box="[404,602,794,852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">White to bright pink</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FCAEFC98A07C" box="[657,864,794,852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">White with the center with lilac stripes</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FCAEFBE1A07C" box="[902,1049,794,852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">White to bright pink</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FCAEFB3DA07C" box="[1091,1221,794,852]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFBF5FCAEFB3DA07C" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Lilac with white stripes</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FCAEFA6BA07C" box="[1280,1427,794,852]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">White to bright pink</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FCDEFA6BA0A8" box="[149,1427,874,896]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FCDEFE88A0A8" box="[149,368,874,896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">keel petal apex</th>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FCDEFDA2A0A8" box="[404,602,874,896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Concave</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FCDEFC98A0A8" box="[657,864,874,896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Rounded</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FCDEFBE1A0A8" box="[902,1049,874,896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Concave</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FCDEFB3DA0A8" box="[1091,1221,874,896]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Rounded</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FCDEFA6BA0A8" box="[1280,1427,874,896]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Concave</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352C34FF000E2494FF23FC21FA6BA083" box="[149,1427,917,939]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<th id="76FD5D83000E2494FF23FC21FE88A083" box="[149,368,917,939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">keel petal length (mm)</th>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FE22FC21FDA2A083" box="[404,602,917,939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">8–12</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FD27FC21FC98A083" box="[657,864,917,939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFD27FC21FD35A082" bold="true" box="[657,717,917,938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">14–17</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FC30FC21FBE1A083" box="[902,1049,917,939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">8–12</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FBF5FC21FB3DA083" box="[1091,1221,917,939]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFBF5FC21FB8CA082" bold="true" box="[1091,1140,917,938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">8–12</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76FD5D83000E2494FAB6FC21FA6BA083" box="[1280,1427,917,939]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">9–13</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336BD000EDB6DFF0BFC69FAA4A677" blockId="6.[136,1452,989,1375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
The newly described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFD8CFC69FCF6A0DF" authorityName="Harms ex Schumann &amp; Lauterbach" authorityYear="1900" box="[570,782,989,1015]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFD8CFC69FCF6A0DF" box="[570,782,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also confirmed here as phylogenetically placed in the Atlantic Forest clade (
<figureCitation id="13272A38000EDB6DFE37FBB5FE18A733" box="[385,480,1025,1051]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1203,1225]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-60@2.[151,1436,278,1176]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic position of Macropsychanthus ruschii based on the Bayesian majority-rule consensus phylogram derived from the combined nuclear ribosomal (ITS, ETS) and plastid (matK) DNA sequence data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10012386/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). Although the phylogenetic topology did not resolve interspecies relationships within the AF clade, species in this clade can be readily divided into two main morphological groups: (1) it includes only
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFA3BFB91FEE7A74B" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak H. C. Lima" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandistipula">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFA3BFB91FEE7A74B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. grandistipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which possesess glabrescent leaflets, ramiflorous or caulinar inflorescences, flowers as in
<figureCitation id="13272A38000EDB6DFABAFBFDFA81A74B" box="[1292,1401,1097,1123]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,726,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-285@3.[221,1365,713,1890]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macropsychanthus ruschii. A. Branch. B. Stipule. C. Ramiflorous inflorescence. D. Flower bud. E. Flowers. F. Petals. G. Androecium. Scales: A: 1 cm, B: 5 mm, C: 15 cm, D: 3 mm, E: 3 mm, F: 6 mm, G: 2 mm. Drawn from Cardoso et al. 2471 (HUEFS). Elaborated by Andrés Fonseca-Cortés. E. from a field photograph by Domingos Cardoso." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10012388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Figure 2b</figureCitation>
, and laterally compressed fruits; (2) it is comprised of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFD12FBD9FCF3A7AF" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Kuhlm." box="[676,779,1133,1159]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFD12FBD9FCF3A7AF" box="[676,779,1133,1159]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. edulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFCA1FBD9FC5DA7AF" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak J. Stehman" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Benth." box="[791,933,1133,1159]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFCA1FBD9FC5DA7AF" box="[791,933,1133,1159]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFC6EFBD9FBB6A7AF" box="[984,1102,1133,1159]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottii">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFC6EFBD9FBB6A7AF" box="[984,1102,1133,1159]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. schottii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all of which bearing pubescent leaflets, axillary inflorescences, flowers as in figure 2c–2d, and turgid fruits.Although its fruits are not known, the new
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFF3EFB01FE4CA7E7" box="[136,436,1205,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFF3EFB01FEA4A7E7" box="[136,348,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
fits in the first morphological pattern since its leaflets, inflorescences and flowers are more similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFF4FFB6DFE4EA7DB" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak H. C. Lima" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz" box="[249,438,1241,1267]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandistipula">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFF4FFB6DFE4EA7DB" box="[249,438,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M. grandistipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the phylogenetic analysis does not resolve those morphogically-defined groups within the AF clade, yet it shows a poor relationship of the new species and possibly sister to
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFB0DFB49FAABA63F" authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Kuhlm." box="[1211,1363,1277,1303]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFB0DFB49FB22A63E" box="[1211,1242,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">M.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFAA6FB49FAABA63F" box="[1296,1363,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">edulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Future studies employing more sequence data in a phylogenomic approach could shed more light on the
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3E000EDB6DFB61FA95FF21A677" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B968EAAF000EDB6DFB61FA95FA53A613" box="[1239,1451,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
relationships, enabling more conclusive insights into the morphological evolution within the AF clade.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="7988F506AF846CEDC875A1C044D0A63E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12567796" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1719479937215" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carrasco-Medina, Andres Santiago, Ernetti, Julia R., Botelho, Lucas Machado, Muscat, Edelcio &amp; Toledo, L. Felipe" docDate="2024" docId="493387DB502DFFC2FF200F59A6DEDE7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5474.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5474 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Proceratophrys belzebul" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="295" masterDocId="B50AFFA3502DFFC1FFE70970A603DF1B" masterDocTitle="Description and natural history notes of the tadpole of Proceratophrys belzebul (Anura: Odontophrynidae)" masterLastPageNumber="296" masterPageNumber="292" pageNumber="292" updateTime="1727896675110" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="161375E567ED93A9EDAB8823841B84D4">Description and natural history notes of the tadpole of Proceratophrys belzebul (Anura: Odontophrynidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="47C31F7226CCA5379B6ADF4D189D2F2E">Carrasco-Medina, Andres Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="209908B678BEE4F08402D5A4EE30B04E">Ernetti, Julia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1A9AA70169A803CCAD14324602844F73">Botelho, Lucas Machado</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3CA173677C59BEC1F47AFFADE7D36E4">Muscat, Edelcio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3CB4BADE1B873E175DBA16C69FCBB17E">Projeto Dacnis, São Paulo, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A7B7F86BD91538A83681D8290ABEF7E8">Toledo, L. Felipe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2EFD68246C24BA42AEE2BB06D6A5A40A">Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. &amp; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. &amp; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502DFFC1FF200F59A724D95A" ID-CoL="6VY7X" box="[199,295,1577,1601]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belzebul">Tadpoles</taxonomicName>
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were collected at
<location id="C4456016502DFFC1FE0D0F5AA549D95A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:493387DB502DFFC2FF200F59A6DEDE7F:C4456016502DFFC1FE0D0F5AA549D95A" box="[490,842,1577,1601]" country="Brazil" county="Universidade Estadual de Campinas" longitude="-45.553886" municipality="Museu de Diversidade Biologica" name="Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar</location>
(Núcleo Santa Virgínia), municipality of
<location id="C4456016502DFFC1FAE00F59A6D1D97E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:493387DB502DFFC2FF200F59A6DEDE7F:C4456016502DFFC1FAE00F59A6D1D97E" country="Brazil" county="Universidade Estadual de Campinas" longitude="-45.553886" municipality="Museu de Diversidade Biologica" name="Natividade da Serra" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
Natividade
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</location>
, state of
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,
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, in a locality known as “Trilha do campinho” (23º52’67”S,
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,
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<quantity id="06629B28502DFFC1FAF70F3DA356D97E" box="[1296,1365,1613,1637]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" unit="m" value="855.0">855 m</quantity>
above sea level
</elevation>
).
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FEEA0F01A735D992" box="[269,310,1649,1673]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">The</collectorName>
individuals were collected on
<date id="B524100D502DFFC1FD610F01A521D992" box="[646,802,1649,1673]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" value="2022-03-03">
<collectingDate id="A560E9E5502DFFC1FD610F01A521D992" box="[646,802,1649,1673]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" value="2022-03-03">3 March 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, from a small stream in a calm section with sandy bottom by active method using a
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.
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FE180FE5A44ED9B6" box="[511,589,1685,1709]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Twelve</collectorName>
tadpoles were analyzed and staged following
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502DFFC1FBDC0FE5A2DAD9B6" author="Gosner, K. L." box="[1083,1241,1685,1709]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" pagination="183 - 190" refId="ref3136" refString="Gosner, K. L. (1960) A Simplified Table for Staging Anuran Embryos and Larvae with Notes on Identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190." type="journal article" year="1960">Gosner (1960)</bibRefCitation>
:
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FB030FE5A302D9B6" box="[1252,1281,1685,1709]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">St.</collectorName>
35 (n = 3),
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FA980FE5A39ED9B6" box="[1407,1437,1685,1709]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">St.</collectorName>
37 (n = 1),
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FEF70FC9A72ED9CA" box="[272,301,1721,1745]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">St.</collectorName>
39 (n = 3), and
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FE3C0FC9A7FBD9CA" box="[475,504,1721,1745]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">St.</collectorName>
41 (n = 5).
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FD900FCAA510D9CA" box="[631,787,1722,1745]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Measurements</collectorName>
were registered using a stereoscopic microscope (
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FACA0FC9A382D9CA" box="[1325,1409,1721,1745]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Leica S</collectorName>
9).
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FF700FADA6F4D9EE" box="[151,247,1757,1781]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Tadpoles</collectorName>
at
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FEF10FADA730D9EE" box="[278,307,1757,1781]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">St.</collectorName>
35–39 (n = 7) were analyzed to characterize the oral structures of the species.
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FB8E0FADA2EDD9EE" box="[1129,1262,1757,1781]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Photographs</collectorName>
were taken with a ZEISS
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FF1F0E71A77CD802" box="[248,383,1793,1817]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Discovery V</collectorName>
20 stereoscope with an
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FD9F0E71A4E3D802" box="[632,736,1793,1817]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">AxioCam</collectorName>
MRc5 camera.
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FC6D0E71A222D802" box="[906,1057,1793,1817]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Nomenclature</collectorName>
and measurements follows
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502DFFC1FAAC0E72A713D826" author="Haas, A. &amp; Das, I." pageId="0" pageNumber="292" pagination="29 - 46" refId="ref3167" refString="Haas, A. &amp; Das, I. (2011) Describing east Malaysian tadpole diversity: Status and recommendations for standards and procedures associated with larval amphibian description and documentation. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 57, 29 - 46." type="journal article" year="2011">Haas &amp; Das (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FEFD0E55A783D826" box="[282,384,1829,1853]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Sampling</collectorName>
permit were provided by the
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(ICMBio) (SISBio #27745-26) and the
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FE2D0E39A485D87A" box="[458,646,1865,1889]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Instituto Florestal</collectorName>
do
<collectingRegion id="035EF82F502DFFC1FD490E39A58BD87A" box="[686,904,1865,1889]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Estado de São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(IF #004767/2020-42).
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FB6F0E39A2EBD87A" box="[1160,1256,1865,1889]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Tadpoles</collectorName>
were euthanized using 5% xylocaine, preserved in 10% formalin, and deposited in the
<collectingMunicipality id="2141ACB7502DFFC1FC6C0E1EA2EDD89E" box="[907,1262,1901,1925]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Museu de Diversidade Biológica</collectingMunicipality>
(MDBio) at the
<collectingCounty id="28444E41502DFFC1FF700EE1A418D8B2" box="[151,539,1937,1961]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Universidade Estadual de Campinas</collectingCounty>
,
<collectorName id="6C6F531B502DFFC1FDC10EE1A490D8B2" box="[550,659,1937,1961]" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Campinas</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="035EF82F502DFFC1FD790EE1A50FD8B2" box="[670,780,1937,1961]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B98D765D502DFFC1FCF00EE1A55BD8B2" box="[791,856,1937,1961]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(ZUEC-AMP 25335 – tadpole lot).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89806546502DFFC0FF200EC5A2ABDD20" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" type="description">
<paragraph id="C12536CD502DFFC0FF200EC5A58EDE78" blockId="0.[151,1437,965,2033]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,151,571]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502DFFC1FF200EC5A46FD8D6" bold="true" box="[199,620,1973,1997]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" reason="1">External morphology (Stages 35–41).</emphasis>
Body elliptical in dorsal view and depressed in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="59A12A48502DFFC1FB1D0EC5A34CD8D6" box="[1274,1359,1973,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-244@1.[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Proceratophrys belzebul. (A) lateral view of tadpole in life and (B) dorsal view of body; (C) detail of the rostral region showing the nostrils (arrow); (D) detail of the spiracle (arrow); (E) detail of the oral disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12567798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12567798/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="292">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Body length about 42% (39–61%) of total length (
<tableCitation id="8C180376502DFFC1FD800EA9A4B4D8EA" box="[615,695,2009,2033]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,245,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological measurements (mm) of 12 tadpoles of Proceratophrys belzebul: total length (TL), body length (BL), maximum body width (BW), body height (BH), tail length (TAL), maximum tail height (MTH), tail muscle width at the same level (TMW), tail muscle height at body-tail junction (TMH), upper fin height (UFH), lower fin height (LFH), eye diameter (ED), interorbital distance (IOD), internarial distance (IND), distance from center of naris to center of eye (NE), nostril-snout distance (NSD), eye-snout distance (ES). Values presented as mean ± standard deviation (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/95E56645502FFFC3FF7F09E7A373DE5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="292" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13821665" tableUuid="95E56645502FFFC3FF7F09E7A373DE5B">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Snout rounded both in dorsal and lateral view, with nostrils elliptical and positioned dorsally (
<figureCitation id="59A12A48502CFFC0FE7909E7A409DFAB" box="[414,522,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-244@1.[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Proceratophrys belzebul. (A) lateral view of tadpole in life and (B) dorsal view of body; (C) detail of the rostral region showing the nostrils (arrow); (D) detail of the spiracle (arrow); (E) detail of the oral disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12567798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12567798/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1B,C</figureCitation>
). Eyes located dorsolaterally (
<figureCitation id="59A12A48502CFFC0FCAA09E7A5C1DFAB" box="[845,962,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-244@1.[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Proceratophrys belzebul. (A) lateral view of tadpole in life and (B) dorsal view of body; (C) detail of the rostral region showing the nostrils (arrow); (D) detail of the spiracle (arrow); (E) detail of the oral disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12567798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12567798/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1A–C</figureCitation>
). Spiracle free, sinistral, and tubular-shaped, with posterodorsal orientation and with internal wall longer than the external (
<figureCitation id="59A12A48502CFFC0FC0D09CBA23CDFCF" box="[1002,1087,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-244@1.[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Proceratophrys belzebul. (A) lateral view of tadpole in life and (B) dorsal view of body; (C) detail of the rostral region showing the nostrils (arrow); (D) detail of the spiracle (arrow); (E) detail of the oral disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12567798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12567798/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Vent tube medial and attached to the ventral fin. The dorsal and ventral fins originate slightly anterior to the body-tail junction, with the dorsal fin being slightly higher than the ventral one. The tail musculature does not extend all the way to the end of the fin. Oral disc ventral, emarginate, and bordered by a single row of alternate, conical marginal papillae (
<figureCitation id="59A12A48502CFFC0FB630857A2D5DE5B" box="[1156,1238,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-244@1.[201,1386,595,1938]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Proceratophrys belzebul. (A) lateral view of tadpole in life and (B) dorsal view of body; (C) detail of the rostral region showing the nostrils (arrow); (D) detail of the spiracle (arrow); (E) detail of the oral disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12567798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12567798/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
). Labial tooth row formula (LTRF) 2/3(1), with A2&gt; A1 and P1&gt; P2&gt; P
<quantity id="06629B28502CFFC0FD39083CA506DE78" box="[734,773,331,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
all tadpoles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C12536CD502CFFC0FF200800A2ABDD20" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">In life the tadpole shows a reddish-brown body adorned with copper-colored spots extending from the dorsal to the lateral regions. Towards the lower lateral area, the body becomes increasingly transparent, allowing observation of the digestive tract. Eyes feature a light brown iris, marked by darker brown spots; closer to the pupil, the iris takes on a coppery hue, while the pupil remains distinctly black. Both the tail and fins exhibit a predominantly transparent appearance, adorned with sporadic brown markings. In formalin, the walls of the body and tail are transparent, revealing small brown melanophores that can be observed in the dorsal region and dispersed across the tail.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="95E56645502CFFC0FF700EDAA324D8FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12567798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12567798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12567798/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" startId="1.[151,255,1962,1986]" targetBox="[201,1386,595,1938]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C12536CD502CFFC0FF700EDAA324D8FD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1962,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502CFFC0FF700EDAA71BD8D9" bold="true" box="[151,280,1962,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Tadpole of
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502CFFC0FE730EDAA4A2D8D9" box="[404,673,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502CFFC0FE730EDAA49FD8D9" box="[404,668,1962,1986]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belzebul">Proceratophrys belzebul</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
(A) lateral view of tadpole in life and (B) dorsal view of body; (C) detail of the rostral region showing the nostrils (arrow); (D) detail of the spiracle (arrow); (E) detail of the oral disc.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="95E56645502FFFC3FF7F09E7A373DE5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13821665" ID-Table-UUID="95E56645502FFFC3FF7F09E7A373DE5B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13821665" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/95E56645502FFFC3FF7F09E7A373DE5B" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" startId="2.[152,245,151,175]" targetBox="[163,1421,376,1126]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="C12536CD502FFFC3FF7F09E7A373DE5B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FF7F09E7A70DDFB4" bold="true" box="[152,270,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological measurements (mm) of 12 tadpoles of
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FCA909E7A25FDFB4" box="[846,1116,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FCA909E7A254DFB4" box="[846,1111,151,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belzebul">Proceratophrys belzebul</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
total length (TL), body length (BL), maximum body width (BW), body height (BH), tail length (TAL), maximum tail height (MTH), tail muscle width at the same level (TMW), tail muscle height at body-tail junction (TMH), upper fin height (UFH), lower fin height (LFH), eye diameter (ED), interorbital distance (IOD), internarial distance (IND), distance from center of naris to center of eye (NE), nostril-snout distance (NSD), eye-snout distance (ES). Values presented as mean ± standard deviation (range).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C12536CD502FFFC3FF440808A378DB7D" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<table id="B39AC46D502F003EFF440808A38EDB7D" box="[163,1421,376,1126]" gridcols="5" gridrows="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440808A38EDE8A" box="[163,1421,376,401]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440808A70FDE8A" box="[163,268,376,401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FF440808A70FDE95" bold="true" box="[163,268,376,398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400808A488DE8A" box="[423,651,376,401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FE2E080BA46BDE8A" bold="true" box="[457,616,379,401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">Stage 35 (n = 3)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0808A56ADE8A" box="[714,873,376,401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FD2D080BA56ADE8A" bold="true" box="[714,873,379,401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">Stage 37 (n = 1)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0808A28FDE8A" box="[937,1164,376,401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FC2C080BA269DE8A" bold="true" box="[971,1130,379,401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">Stage 39 (n = 3)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0808A38EDE8A" box="[1194,1421,376,401]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FB2B080BA369DE8A" bold="true" box="[1228,1386,379,401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">Stage 41 (n = 5)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF4408D6A38EDEA5" box="[163,1421,422,446]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF4408D6A70FDEA5" box="[163,268,422,446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">TL</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE4008D6A488DEA5" box="[423,651,422,446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">28.8 ± 1.44 (26.8–29.6)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D08D6A56ADEA5" box="[714,873,422,446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">34.6</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E08D6A28FDEA5" box="[937,1164,422,446]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">31.2 ± 0.61 (30.8–32)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D08D6A38EDEA5" box="[1194,1421,422,446]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">30.7 ± 5.58 (20.3–34.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF4408A3A38EDEF7" box="[163,1421,467,492]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF4408A3A70FDEF7" box="[163,268,467,492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">BL</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE4008A3A488DEF7" box="[423,651,467,492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">12.9 ± 0.75 (12.1–13.6)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D08A3A56ADEF7" box="[714,873,467,492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">14.2</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E08A3A28FDEF7" box="[937,1164,467,492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">13.4 ± 0.42 (12.8–13.6)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D08A3A38EDEF7" box="[1194,1421,467,492]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">12.7 ± 1.11 (10.6–13.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440B70A38EDD02" box="[163,1421,512,537]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440B70A70FDD02" box="[163,268,512,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">BW</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400B70A488DD02" box="[423,651,512,537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">9.5 ± 0.44 (8.8–9.6)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0B70A56ADD02" box="[714,873,512,537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">9.1</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0B70A28FDD02" box="[937,1164,512,537]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">9.9 ± 0.61 (9.1–10.3)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0B70A38EDD02" box="[1194,1421,512,537]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">10.6 ± 1.07 (8.6–10.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440B5EA38EDD5D" box="[163,1421,558,582]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440B5EA70FDD5D" box="[163,268,558,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">BH</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400B5EA488DD5D" box="[423,651,558,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">5.6 ± 0.36 (5.1–5.8)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0B5EA56ADD5D" box="[714,873,558,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">5.9</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0B5EA28FDD5D" box="[937,1164,558,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">5.8 ± 0.17 (5.8–6.1)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0B5EA38EDD5D" box="[1194,1421,558,582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">5.9 ± 0.66 (4.6–6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440B2BA38EDD6F" box="[163,1421,603,628]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440B2BA70FDD6F" box="[163,268,603,628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">TAL</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400B2BA488DD6F" box="[423,651,603,628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">16.2 ± 0.50 (15.7–16.7)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0B2BA56ADD6F" box="[714,873,603,628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">20.8</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0B2BA28FDD6F" box="[937,1164,603,628]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">18.4 ± 0.55 (17.8–18.9)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0B2BA38EDD6F" box="[1194,1421,603,628]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">18.4 ± 4.95 (8.9–21.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440BF8A38EDDBA" box="[163,1421,648,673]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440BF8A70FDDBA" box="[163,268,648,673]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">MTH</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400BF8A488DDBA" box="[423,651,648,673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">6.5 ± 0.4 (6–6.8)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0BF8A56ADDBA" box="[714,873,648,673]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">6.6</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0BF8A28FDDBA" box="[937,1164,648,673]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">6.8 ± 0.49 (6–6.9)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0BF8A38EDDBA" box="[1194,1421,648,673]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">6.9 ± 0.59 (5.6–7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440BC6A38EDDD5" box="[163,1421,694,718]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440BC6A70FDDD5" box="[163,268,694,718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">TMW</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400BC6A488DDD5" box="[423,651,694,718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.1 ± 0.15 (3- 3.3)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0BC6A56ADDD5" box="[714,873,694,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.8</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0BC6A28FDDD5" box="[937,1164,694,718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.3 ± 0.40 (2.8–3.6)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0BC6A38EDDD5" box="[1194,1421,694,718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.1 ± 0.17 (2.9–3.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440B93A38EDDE7" box="[163,1421,739,764]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440B93A70FDDE7" box="[163,268,739,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">TMH</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400B93A488DDE7" box="[423,651,739,764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.3 ± 0.23 (2.9–3.3)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0B93A56ADDE7" box="[714,873,739,764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.3</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0B93A28FDDE7" box="[937,1164,739,764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.5 ± 0.26 (3.4–3.9)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0B93A38EDDE7" box="[1194,1421,739,764]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.6 ± 0.34 (3.1–4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440A60A38EDC32" box="[163,1421,784,809]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440A60A70FDC32" box="[163,268,784,809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">UFH</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400A60A488DC32" box="[423,651,784,809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.4 ± 0.42 (1.8–2.6)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0A60A56ADC32" box="[714,873,784,809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.2</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0A60A28FDC32" box="[937,1164,784,809]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.3 ± 0.29 (2.3–2.8)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0A60A38EDC32" box="[1194,1421,784,809]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.1 ± 0.36 (1.6–2.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440A4EA38EDC4D" box="[163,1421,830,854]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440A4EA70FDC4D" box="[163,268,830,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">LFH</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400A4EA488DC4D" box="[423,651,830,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.8 ± 0.17 (1.5–1.8)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0A4EA56ADC4D" box="[714,873,830,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.6</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0A4EA28FDC4D" box="[937,1164,830,854]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2 ± 0.46 (1.4–2.3)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0A4EA38EDC4D" box="[1194,1421,830,854]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.8 ± 0.18 (1.4–1.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440A1BA38EDC9F" box="[163,1421,875,900]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440A1BA70FDC9F" box="[163,268,875,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">ED</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400A1BA488DC9F" box="[423,651,875,900]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.5 ± 0.20 (1.3–1.7)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0A1BA56ADC9F" box="[714,873,875,900]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.8</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0A1BA28FDC9F" box="[937,1164,875,900]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.8 ± 0.12 (1.6–1.8)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0A1BA38EDC9F" box="[1194,1421,875,900]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.6 ± 0.11 (1.6–1.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440AE8A38EDCAB" box="[163,1421,920,944]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440AE8A70FDCAB" box="[163,268,920,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">IOD</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400AE8A488DCAB" box="[423,651,920,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.9 ± 0.32 (3.4–4)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0AE8A56ADCAB" box="[714,873,920,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.8</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0AE8A28FDCAB" box="[937,1164,920,944]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">4.3 ± 0.10 (4.2–4.4)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0AE8A38EDCAB" box="[1194,1421,920,944]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">4.3 ± 0.11 (4.1–4.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440AB6A38EDCC5" box="[163,1421,966,990]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440AB6A70FDCC5" box="[163,268,966,990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">IND</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400AB6A488DCC5" box="[423,651,966,990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.1 ± 0 (2.1–2.1)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0AB6A56ADCC5" box="[714,873,966,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.2</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0AB6A28FDCC5" box="[937,1164,966,990]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.1 ± 0.15 (1.9–2.2)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0AB6A38EDCC5" box="[1194,1421,966,990]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2 ± 0.23 (1.6–2.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440A83A38EDB17" box="[163,1421,1011,1036]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440A83A70FDB17" box="[163,268,1011,1036]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">NE</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400A83A488DB17" box="[423,651,1011,1036]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.8 ± 0.06 (1.7–1.8)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0A83A56ADB17" box="[714,873,1011,1036]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0A83A28FDB17" box="[937,1164,1011,1036]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.1 ± 0.06 (2–2.1)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0A83A38EDB17" box="[1194,1421,1011,1036]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.1 ± 0.05 (2-2.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440D50A38EDB22" box="[163,1421,1056,1081]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440D50A70FDB22" box="[163,268,1056,1081]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">NSD</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400D50A488DB22" box="[423,651,1056,1081]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.5 ± 0.26 (1.1–1.6)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0D50A56ADB22" box="[714,873,1056,1081]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.4</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0D50A28FDB22" box="[937,1164,1056,1081]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.3 ± 0 (1.3–1.3)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0D50A38EDB22" box="[1194,1421,1056,1081]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1.4 ± 0.13 (1.1–1.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FAA348F502F003EFF440D3DA38EDB7D" box="[163,1421,1101,1126]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<th id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFF440D3DA70FDB7D" box="[163,268,1101,1126]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">ES</th>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFE400D3DA488DB7D" box="[423,651,1101,1126]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3 ± 0.35 (2.6–3.3)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFD2D0D3DA56ADB7D" box="[714,873,1101,1126]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.9</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFC4E0D3DA28FDB7D" box="[937,1164,1101,1126]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.9 ± 0.10 (2.8–3)</td>
<td id="3C7B5DF3502F003EFB4D0D3DA38EDB7D" box="[1194,1421,1101,1126]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.9 ± 0.18 (2.6–3.1)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="89806546502FFFC3FF200DCCA50BDAEF" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C12536CD502FFFC3FF200DCCA23CDA5B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1212,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FF200DCCA783DBCF" bold="true" box="[199,384,1212,1236]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" reason="1">Natural history.</emphasis>
The tadpoles of
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FDA50DCDA4BADBCF" box="[578,697,1212,1236]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belzebul">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FDA50DCDA4BADBCF" box="[578,697,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P. belzebul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed in an area characterized by dense forest with little sunlight, in a small rocky stream surrounding flooded areas. They were found in lentic portions of the stream with a fine sandy bottom and decomposing leaves, occupying the same habitat as tadpoles of
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FC1E0C74A276DA00" box="[1017,1141,1284,1308]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylodidae" genus="Hylodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FC1E0C74A253DA07" box="[1017,1104,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">Hylodes</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Adults inhabit the leaf litter of forest, obligate in primary and secondary rainforest within the Atlantic Forest biome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C12536CD502FFFC3FF200C3CA50BDAEF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1212,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
In general, tadpoles of the species in the
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FD770C3DA54ADA7F" baseAuthorityName="Peixoto &amp; Cruz" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[656,841,1356,1380]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FD770C3DA4A3DA7F" box="[656,672,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FD570C3CA54ADA7F" box="[688,841,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are typically found in slow-moving sections of streams, where they can be observed near the sandy substrate (
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FCC80C00A5EADA93" author="Dias, P. H. S. &amp; Hepp, F. S. F. S. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P." box="[815,1001,1392,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="388 - 396" refId="ref2821" refString="Dias, P. H. S., Hepp, F. S. F. S., Carvalho-e-Silva, A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2013 a) Breeding biology and advertisement call of the horned leaf-frog, Proceratophrys appendiculata (Amphibia: Anura: Odontophrynidae). Zoologia, 30, 388 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702013000400004" type="journal article" year="2013">
Dias
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FC8F0C01A59EDA93" box="[872,925,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2013a
</bibRefCitation>
). These tadpoles are classified as benthic and exhibit cryptic behavior by blending in with the sand, as observed for
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FC2A0CE5A240DAB7" box="[973,1091,1428,1452]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belzebul">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FC2A0CE5A240DAB7" box="[973,1091,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P. belzebul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tadpoles. This would minimize predation risk, as the tadpoles are challenging to distinguish when nestled in the sandy environment (
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FB2D0CC8A394DACB" author="Peixoto, O. L. &amp; Izecksohn, E. &amp; Cruz, C. A. G." box="[1226,1431,1464,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="553 - 555" refId="ref3583" refString="Peixoto, O. L., Izecksohn, E. &amp; Cruz, C. A. G. (1981) Notas sobre o girino de Proceratophrys laticeps Izecksohn and Peixoto (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 41, 553 - 555." type="journal article" year="1981">
Peixoto
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FAC30CC9A35ADACB" box="[1316,1369,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
1981
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FF700CACA76EDAEF" author="Fatorelli, P. &amp; Costa, N. P. &amp; Laia, R. C. &amp; Almeida-Santos, M. &amp; Sluys, M. V. &amp; Rocha, F. D." box="[151,365,1500,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="57 - 62" refId="ref2985" refString="Fatorelli, P., Costa, N. P., Laia, R. C., Almeida-Santos, M., Sluys, M. V. &amp; Rocha, F. D. (2010) Description, microhabitat and temporal distribution of the tadpole of Proceratophrys tupinamba Prado and Pombal, 2008. Zootaxa, 2684, 57 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2684.1.6" type="journal article" year="2010">
Fatorelli
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FF1F0CADA724DAEF" box="[248,295,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FE9F0CACA446DAEF" author="Provete, D. B. &amp; Melo, L. O. &amp; Garey, M. V. &amp; Gomes, F. B. R. &amp; Martins, I. A. &amp; Rossa-Feres, D. C." box="[376,581,1500,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref3701" refString="Provete, D. B., Melo, L. O., Garey, M. V., Gomes, F. B. R., Martins, I. A., Rossa-Feres, D. C. (2013) Larvae of Proceratophrys melanopogon (amphibia: anura), with emphasis on internal oral morphology and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi. Herpetologica, 69, 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 12 - 00075" type="journal article" year="2013">
Provete
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FE370CADA405DAEF" box="[464,518,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FDA80CACA4FEDAEF" author="Dias, P. H. S. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P." box="[591,765,1500,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="181 - 194" refId="ref2759" refString="Dias, P. H. S., Carvalho-e-Silva A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2014) The tadpole of Proceratophrys izecksohni (Amphibia: Anura: Odontophrynidae). Zoologia, 31, 181 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702014000200010" type="journal article" year="2014">
Dias
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FD600CADA4BFDAEF" box="[647,700,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89806546502FFFC3FF200F70A478D8F7" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C12536CD502FFFC3FF200F70A478D8F7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1212,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
Tadpoles of the
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FE900F71A42ED903" baseAuthorityName="Peixoto &amp; Cruz" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[375,557,1536,1560]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FE900F71A42ED903" box="[375,557,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex exhibit a conserved body shape, as well as other species of the genus (see
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FEF70F54A7E1D927" author="Provete, D. B. &amp; Melo, L. O. &amp; Garey, M. V. &amp; Gomes, F. B. R. &amp; Martins, I. A. &amp; Rossa-Feres, D. C." box="[272,482,1572,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref3701" refString="Provete, D. B., Melo, L. O., Garey, M. V., Gomes, F. B. R., Martins, I. A., Rossa-Feres, D. C. (2013) Larvae of Proceratophrys melanopogon (amphibia: anura), with emphasis on internal oral morphology and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi. Herpetologica, 69, 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 12 - 00075" type="journal article" year="2013">
Provete
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FE8E0F55A7A3D927" box="[361,416,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). A striking difference observed in
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FCB90F55A5D0D927" box="[862,979,1572,1596]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belzebul">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FCB90F55A5D0D927" box="[862,979,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P. belzebul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the tadpoles already described in the group is the presence of a spiracle with a free internal wall in the outermost region, which is larger than the external wall. This spiracle characteristic had only previously been reported in
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FCAD0F1DA5F6D99F" box="[842,1013,1644,1668]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopogon">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FCAD0F1DA5F6D99F" box="[842,1013,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P. melanopogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tadpoles (
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FB850F1CA331D99F" author="Provete, D. B. &amp; Melo, L. O. &amp; Garey, M. V. &amp; Gomes, F. B. R. &amp; Martins, I. A. &amp; Rossa-Feres, D. C." box="[1122,1330,1644,1668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref3701" refString="Provete, D. B., Melo, L. O., Garey, M. V., Gomes, F. B. R., Martins, I. A., Rossa-Feres, D. C. (2013) Larvae of Proceratophrys melanopogon (amphibia: anura), with emphasis on internal oral morphology and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi. Herpetologica, 69, 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 12 - 00075" type="journal article" year="2013">
Provete
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FB5B0F1DA2F1D99F" box="[1212,1266,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The oral papillae remain consistent with those of other genera, comprising a single row of conical papillae (
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FB210FE0A39BD9B3" author="Provete, D. B. &amp; Melo, L. O. &amp; Garey, M. V. &amp; Gomes, F. B. R. &amp; Martins, I. A. &amp; Rossa-Feres, D. C." box="[1222,1432,1680,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref3701" refString="Provete, D. B., Melo, L. O., Garey, M. V., Gomes, F. B. R., Martins, I. A., Rossa-Feres, D. C. (2013) Larvae of Proceratophrys melanopogon (amphibia: anura), with emphasis on internal oral morphology and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi. Herpetologica, 69, 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 12 - 00075" type="journal article" year="2013">
Provete
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FAC60FE1A35BD9B3" box="[1313,1368,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FF700FC4A748D9D7" author="Dias, P. H. S. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P." box="[151,331,1716,1740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="181 - 194" refId="ref2759" refString="Dias, P. H. S., Carvalho-e-Silva A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2014) The tadpole of Proceratophrys izecksohni (Amphibia: Anura: Odontophrynidae). Zoologia, 31, 181 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702014000200010" type="journal article" year="2014">
Dias
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FF360FC5A70AD9D7" box="[209,265,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). The tooth rows in
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FDCD0FC5A4A1D9D7" box="[554,674,1716,1740]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belzebul">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FDCD0FC5A439D9D7" box="[554,570,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FDAE0FC4A4A1D9D7" box="[585,674,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">belzebul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individuals were difficult to observe as they did not show the typical keratinization normally observed in other tadpoles of the genus
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FCA40FA8A5EAD9EB" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" box="[835,1001,1752,1776]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FCA40FA8A5EAD9EB" box="[835,1001,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">Proceratophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FC100FA8A2B4D9EB" author="Vieira, W. L. D. &amp; Vieira, K. D. &amp; Santana, G. G." box="[1015,1207,1752,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref3939" refString="Vieira, W. L. D., Vieira, K. D. &amp; Santana, G. G. (2007) Description of the tadpoles of Proceratophrys cristiceps (Anura: Cycloramphidae, Odontophrynini). Zootaxa, 1397, 17 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zotaxa. 1397.1.2" type="journal article" year="2007">
Vieira
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FBA60FA9A274D9EB" box="[1089,1143,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FB260FA8A39BD9EB" author="Fatorelli, P. &amp; Costa, N. P. &amp; Laia, R. C. &amp; Almeida-Santos, M. &amp; Sluys, M. V. &amp; Rocha, F. D." box="[1217,1432,1752,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="57 - 62" refId="ref2985" refString="Fatorelli, P., Costa, N. P., Laia, R. C., Almeida-Santos, M., Sluys, M. V. &amp; Rocha, F. D. (2010) Description, microhabitat and temporal distribution of the tadpole of Proceratophrys tupinamba Prado and Pombal, 2008. Zootaxa, 2684, 57 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2684.1.6" type="journal article" year="2010">
Fatorelli
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FAC40FA9A351D9EB" box="[1315,1362,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FF700F8CA76BD80F" author="Provete, D. B. &amp; Melo, L. O. &amp; Garey, M. V. &amp; Gomes, F. B. R. &amp; Martins, I. A. &amp; Rossa-Feres, D. C." box="[151,360,1788,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref3701" refString="Provete, D. B., Melo, L. O., Garey, M. V., Gomes, F. B. R., Martins, I. A., Rossa-Feres, D. C. (2013) Larvae of Proceratophrys melanopogon (amphibia: anura), with emphasis on internal oral morphology and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi. Herpetologica, 69, 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 12 - 00075" type="journal article" year="2013">
Provete
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FF160F8DA722D80F" box="[241,289,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FE930F8CA426D80F" author="Dias, P. H. S. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P." box="[372,549,1788,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="181 - 194" refId="ref2759" refString="Dias, P. H. S., Carvalho-e-Silva A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2014) The tadpole of Proceratophrys izecksohni (Amphibia: Anura: Odontophrynidae). Zoologia, 31, 181 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702014000200010" type="journal article" year="2014">
Dias
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FE4B0F8DA7DFD80F" box="[428,476,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, we confirm a LTRF 2/3(1), suggested as a putative synapomorphy for the
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FF040E51A796D823" baseAuthorityName="Peixoto &amp; Cruz" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[227,405,1824,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FF040E51A796D823" box="[227,405,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade also integrated by
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FD7B0E51A527D823" box="[668,804,1824,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FD7B0E51A527D823" box="[668,804,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P. izecksohni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FCD60E51A5BFD823" box="[817,956,1824,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tupinamba">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FCD60E51A5BFD823" box="[817,956,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P. tupinamba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FC110E51A369D823" authority="(Dias et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Dias" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1014,1386,1824,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FC110E51A2ABD823" box="[1014,1192,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">P. appendiculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FB520E50A361D823" author="Dias, P. H. S. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P." box="[1205,1378,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="181 - 194" refId="ref2759" refString="Dias, P. H. S., Carvalho-e-Silva A. M. P. T. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2014) The tadpole of Proceratophrys izecksohni (Amphibia: Anura: Odontophrynidae). Zoologia, 31, 181 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702014000200010" type="journal article" year="2014">
Dias
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FB090E51A320D823" box="[1262,1315,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The observed absence of keratinization in the oral region is likely caused by
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502FFFC3FC7B0E34A333D847" authority="(Bd)" baseAuthorityName="Bd" box="[924,1328,1860,1884]" class="Rhizophydiomycetes" genus="Batrachochytrium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rhizophydiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chytridiomycota" rank="species" species="dendrobatidis">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FC7B0E34A2FBD847" box="[924,1272,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</emphasis>
(Bd)
</taxonomicName>
infection, which is well known to infect keratinized structures such as the jaw sheaths and tooth rows in tadpoles (
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FB380E18A6D3D8BF" author="Knapp, R. A. &amp; Morgan, J. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="188 - 197" refId="ref3263" refString="Knapp, R. A. &amp; Morgan, J. A. (2006) Tadpole mouthpart depigmentation as an accurate indicator of chytridiomycosis, an emerging disease of amphibians. Copeia, 2006, 188 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / 0045 - 8511 (2006) 6 [188: TMDAAA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Knapp &amp; Morgan 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FF3B0EFCA7C3D8BF" author="Carvalho, T. &amp; Becker, C. G. &amp; Toledo, L. F." box="[220,448,1932,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="20162254" refId="ref2620" refString="Carvalho, T., Becker, C. G. &amp; Toledo, L. F. (2017) Historical amphibian declines and extinctions in Brazil linked to chytridiomycosis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences, 284 (1848), 20162254. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2016.2254" type="journal article" year="2017">
Carvalho
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FEA10EFDA774D8BF" box="[326,375,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, the pathogen is widely distributed in this region of the Serra do Mar, in the Atlantic Forest biome, and there are records of tadpoles and adults of different species of anurans infected by the pathogen (
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FF790EA4A791D8F7" author="Lambertini, C. &amp; Becker, C. G. &amp; Belasen, A. &amp; Valencia-Aguilar, A. &amp; Nunes-de-Almeida, C. H. L. &amp; Betancourt-Roman, C. M. &amp; Rodriguez, D. &amp; Da Silva Leite, D. &amp; Oliveira, I. S. &amp; Gasparini, J. L. &amp; Ruggeri, J. &amp; Mott, T. &amp; Jenkinson, T. S. &amp; James, T. Y. &amp; Zamudio, K. R. &amp; Toledo, L. F." box="[158,402,2004,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="100995" refId="ref3391" refString="Lambertini, C., Becker, C. G., M. Belasen, A., Valencia-Aguilar, A., Nunes-de-Almeida, C. H. L., Betancourt-Roman, C. M., Rodriguez, D., Da Silva Leite, D., Oliveira, I. S., Gasparini, J. L., Ruggeri, J., Mott, T., Jenkinson, T. S., James, T. Y., Zamudio, K. R. &amp; Toledo, L. F. (2021) Biotic and abiotic determinants of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections in amphibians of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Fungal Ecology, 49, 100995. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funeco. 2020.100995" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lambertini
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FEFA0EA5A74FD8F7" box="[285,332,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502FFFC3FE7A0EA4A46CD8F7" author="Ruggeri, J. &amp; Martins, A. &amp; Domingos, A. &amp; Santos, I. &amp; Viroomal, I. &amp; Toledo, L." box="[413,623,2004,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" pagination="171 - 176" refId="ref3795" refString="Ruggeri, J., Martins, A., Domingos, A., Santos, I., Viroomal, I. &amp; Toledo, L. (2020) Seasonal prevalence of the amphibian chytrid in a tropical pond-dwelling tadpole species. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 142, 171 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / dao 03539" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ruggeri
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502FFFC3FE1E0EA5A42BD8F7" box="[505,552,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89806546502EFFC2FF2009E7A6DEDE7F" pageId="3" pageNumber="295" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C12536CD502EFFC2FF2009E7A6DEDE7F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">
Understanding the morphology and natural history of tadpoles is essential for conserving the diversity of anurans, and significant advancements have been made in recent decades (
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502EFFC2FCFE09CCA5E6DFCF" author="Provete, D. B. &amp; Melo, L. O. &amp; Garey, M. V. &amp; Gomes, F. B. R. &amp; Martins, I. A. &amp; Rossa-Feres, D. C." box="[793,997,187,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref3701" refString="Provete, D. B., Melo, L. O., Garey, M. V., Gomes, F. B. R., Martins, I. A., Rossa-Feres, D. C. (2013) Larvae of Proceratophrys melanopogon (amphibia: anura), with emphasis on internal oral morphology and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi. Herpetologica, 69, 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 12 - 00075" type="journal article" year="2013">
Provete
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502EFFC2FC9609CCA59CDFC8" box="[881,927,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The true diversity of the
<taxonomicName id="069A4D4E502EFFC2FB1109CBA39FDFC8" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" box="[1270,1436,187,211]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502EFFC2FB1109CBA39FDFC8" box="[1270,1436,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">Proceratophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus is still being revealed, and the use of integrative taxonomic approaches can shed light on understanding the evolutionary history and diversification in the group (
<bibRefCitation id="A50B4B3C502EFFC2FD370873A58FDE00" author="Dias, P. H. S. &amp; Amaro, R. C. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, A. M. P. T. &amp; Rodrigues, M. T." box="[720,908,259,283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295" pagination="277 - 304" refId="ref2903" refString="Dias, P. H. S., Amaro, R. C., Carvalho-e-Silva, A. M. P. T. &amp; Rodrigues, M. T. (2013 b) Two new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura; Odontophrynidae) from the Atlantic Forest, with taxonomic remarks on the genus. Zootaxa, 3682, 277 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3682.2.5" type="journal article" year="2013">
Dias
<emphasis id="F3EEEADF502EFFC2FCEE0874A53BDE00" box="[777,824,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">et al</emphasis>
. 2013b
</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, data from natural history, advertising calls and larval morphology are valuable lines of investigation that can help understand the species diversity within this group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>