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<mods:title id="CE6065E0A305CF22D6FD2BDCD15A390D">Distribution and species identification in the crustacean isopod genus Dynamene Leach, 1814 along the North East Atlantic-Black Sea axis</mods:title>
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<treatment id="A10E0E9EFAEE30C7693AEDE46262DCA7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127897232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A10E0E9EFAEE30C7693AEDE46262DCA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A10E0E9EFAEE30C7693AEDE46262DCA7" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="08A576DF8440F8D3588982A7042BB5E6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="280A3709AC557D3BDCFE491847BD40AC" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="6169A67F678F9DB6FEE2DE79CD222642" ID-CoL="3863Y" authority="Holdich, 1968" authorityName="Holdich" authorityYear="1968" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">Dynamene magnitorata Holdich, 1968</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D0404C546B6B777C0771188DAC57BDA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="synonymy">
<paragraph id="D9968AEC02AA83B2FF57A49D15B20293" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Restricted synonymy.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D916BF9C29967E93E26D83D72A0A69BF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="001E9FC8089AB86E22D16A8EA327EB49" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">Dynamene magnitorata</taxonomicName>
: Holdich (1968).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A993EBA2507E76BE64819B50AD917EB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="B09A307C587D9FC85C98CCA4353145D8" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bidentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dynamene bidentata</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="E79E541E246D9EEB0F3615A9D0917DCC" author="Monod, T" journalOrPublisher="Memoire Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 91" title="Tanaidaces et Isopodes aquatic de l'Afrique occidentale et septentrionale. Pt 3. Sphaeromatidae." volume="29" year="1932">Monod (1932)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9CAA8574737C372826DDDAB1D940DEAB" author="Maggiore, F" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="309 - 313" title="Presence of Dynamenebidentata (Adams, 1800) in the Mediterranean (Isopoda)." url="10.1163/156854084X00234" volume="46" year="1984">Maggiore and Fresi (1984)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="623C0771ADC87AE10584BC121A3CE20E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="C3AC580D873907A1A0A2A5702B36E236" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">
<pageBreakToken id="5C4D118CF66DDD8384591DE2966E63DA" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">Dynamene</pageBreakToken>
magnitorata
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="D068F17614B2B47EF690D2095E6695C1" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Pubblicazioni Della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="401 - 426" title="A systematic revision of the genus Dynamene (Crustacea: Isopoda) with description of three new species." volume="36" year="1968 a">Holdich (1968a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2ED6C29DC0A90AB5A4E65102D45F6507" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="419 - 438" title="The distribution and habitat preferences of the Afro-European species of Dynamene (Crustacea: Isopoda)." url="10.1080/00222937000770401" volume="4" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9B047DC43CBE1B2AFEB1BB357458C501" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="133 - 149" title="A comparison of the ecology and life cycles of two species of littoral isopod." url="10.1016/0022-0981(76)90099-X" volume="24" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88636F9A27A82FAEFD7D455DADF875F9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="19106333B2C08DF5F5091D938AD567C5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8AE5D20201FB8CC207FF63FDA6C1294B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Specimens were examined from 52 locations in the NE Atlantic, and four countries in the Mediterranean - see the Suppl. materials 1 and 2. A number of literature records have been included where the diagrams clearly indicate this species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3F184287BBB78F0975B9F4B5FE5C887C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="key">
<paragraph id="296FEAAB655C4A032E24B7E7D0FD67C7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Key morphological characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B405EADA69CFFB3858B16D1B12F70DFB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Body convex; in stage 8 males the pleotelsonic boss is large, bilobed, with the two halves separated by a narrow groove; the arms of the bidentate process are of similar width along their lengths and are dorsally tuberculate (
<bibRefCitation id="64ACB6C5E6BE737EBB5626B92D26759B" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="133 - 149" title="A comparison of the ecology and life cycles of two species of littoral isopod." url="10.1016/0022-0981(76)90099-X" volume="24" year="1976">Holdich 1976</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3A, B; Fig. 2
<normalizedToken id="688DA85CF75051A0F37501203358D0F5" originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
in this paper). In stage 7 females the pleotelsonic dome is keeled in side view and the pleotelsonic foramen is flush with the edge of the pleotelson (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken id="70609FE17E8143F1CAD3CA43800D28DC" originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
). Further details are provided by the scanning electron microscope pictures of the posterior body of a stage 8 male and a stage 7 female in
<bibRefCitation id="D0D580E49DB91BE72EAFEABF06D660AD" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="133 - 149" title="A comparison of the ecology and life cycles of two species of littoral isopod." url="10.1016/0022-0981(76)90099-X" volume="24" year="1976">Holdich (1976)</bibRefCitation>
. The females of this species are very difficult to separate from those of
<taxonomicName id="AD19BDA2A62659A98C252DAB970435FA" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bicolor" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Dynamene bicolor</taxonomicName>
. See keys to stage 8 males and stage 7 females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="A6E8D9629099215BC07AF82B6D3E5758" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Size.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05DE6DD925801793AA90A04106978C47" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Adult males (stage 8) typically 4.25
<normalizedToken id="26F7140E3E9AD842F1C82255A620AF08" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.25 mm, pre-ovigerous females (stage 7) typically 4.0
<normalizedToken id="E1E48D28C28448839B383D870A9DF8FB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E26321B783B63387A431879A55AD90E8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="life-history">
<paragraph id="3418117121582E87920B2CEA93333447" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Life-history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06B562478FB10F808DDB5C05B12E007C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
A comparison of the life-histories of
<taxonomicName id="CAC18BC0CD99E676884D65A3A7264DFE" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bidentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dynamene bidentata</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FF219607E12FB6AEFFDE23983E94915" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">Dynamene magnitorata</taxonomicName>
from two Atlantic coast locations was made by
<bibRefCitation id="C31E64800C1D2DE642D05244F3FC2A9A" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="133 - 149" title="A comparison of the ecology and life cycles of two species of littoral isopod." url="10.1016/0022-0981(76)90099-X" volume="24" year="1976">Holdich (1976)</bibRefCitation>
. Only a limited number of
<taxonomicName id="90E305B9914B22967AD4E966DD569122" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">Dynamene magnitorata</taxonomicName>
specimens were available but it showed that this species has a similar sequence of seasonal events (see description for
<taxonomicName id="D7E3E9320EECA7E9DDA398B2610331FF" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bidentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dynamene bidentata</taxonomicName>
). However, whereas
<taxonomicName id="BB1F6BC05D5B5DE3C4F89DD0007D1538" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bidentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dynamene bidentata</taxonomicName>
stage 8 males live for two breeding seasons, those of
<taxonomicName id="9E187A2369D7B2D3F016FCCB19969BFA" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">Dynamene magnitorata</taxonomicName>
may only live for one.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9B634C535F7E255492DD2588EB3DB136" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="C94889E1B97FC9BDA494A8998E057C91" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="214CF05D32FFB03DE95F9C7FAFB8E0FF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
A mid- to lower littoral and shallow sublittoral species, although sometimes recorded from deeper water. Its range occasionally overlaps that of
<taxonomicName id="F75B92B438FACAD49EE1B984456D239B" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bidentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dynamene bidentata</taxonomicName>
. Juveniles are found associated with a wide range of littoral and shallow water algae, particularly
<taxonomicName id="A7538EDDB9E466E6BB6D9BAA634B56D1" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Corallina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corallina" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Corallina</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="F46FA77B91C6DCC3CFF2F2921BF52DAE" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodymeniaceae" genus="Rhodomenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhodomenia palmata" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">Rhodomenia palmata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EAD7BC434BF7829EE064454ACB93ECE2" class="Gastropoda" family="Enidae" genus="Chondrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chondrus cripspus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cripspus">Chondrus cripspus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="47BA37776863EFC309C57854650BD1C1" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gigartinaceae" genus="Gigartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gigartina stellata" order="Gigartinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">Gigartina stellata</taxonomicName>
. Adults have been found in empty tests of
<taxonomicName id="ECFEE1BBFC55963E215EFF5FA0B3B2BD" genus="Balanus" lsidName="Balanus crenatus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="crenatus">Balanus crenatus</taxonomicName>
, amongst ascidians, and in channels within sponges (including those associated with eel grass beds). In the Roscoff region (northern France) adults were frequently found within the encrusting sponge,
<taxonomicName id="0320004C72C2B5B0D16A5D5E451437DD" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halichondria" order="Suberitida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Halichondria</taxonomicName>
sp. In the Azores (
<normalizedToken id="F507D4BEF8CD9C4097028156F775D745" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel island) adults have been found sublittorally in the empty tests of
<taxonomicName id="81ECAA080ED1CB58A4E3473288587AC0" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Megabalanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megabalanus azoricus" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azoricus">Megabalanus azoricus</taxonomicName>
, as well as intertidally among algae on the islands of Terceira,
<normalizedToken id="BF6F253B58FB1EE38990D7D6AC183128" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel and Santa Maria. On Fuerteventura (Canary Islands) adult males were caught using a surface dip net. In the Chafarinas Islands off Mediterranean Morocco they have been recorded from 0.0m down to 20.0 m on a variety of algae. Like
<taxonomicName id="01DD512F3C35694D82E2E343EDD86B6F" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bidentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dynamene bidentata</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A9A7FD8A260E565F1FC001171A09D3C9" author="Harvey, CE" journalOrPublisher="Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="113 - 124" title="Some factors affecting the distribution of estuarine isopods (Crustacea)." url="10.1016/0302-3524(73)90064-9" volume="1" year="1973">Harvey et al. 1973</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="936E836F30292539F216D6D160229F3A" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">Dynamene magnitorata</taxonomicName>
adults were found to have a tolerance to high air temperatures, i.e., 38 °C (
<bibRefCitation id="60B0B966CB0D0738D47E52FA29584A68" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="133 - 149" title="A comparison of the ecology and life cycles of two species of littoral isopod." url="10.1016/0022-0981(76)90099-X" volume="24" year="1976">Holdich 1976</bibRefCitation>
). However, survival at 5 °C was much lower for
<taxonomicName id="5F3DC4BD584CEB87C199A0384D2A3B6B" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">Dynamene magnitorata</taxonomicName>
compared to
<taxonomicName id="56A63744899F4D5FB2F672CA70E080E7" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bidentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dynamene bidentata</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B5A726A75FB2090057A28B09D4828AD" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="133 - 149" title="A comparison of the ecology and life cycles of two species of littoral isopod." url="10.1016/0022-0981(76)90099-X" volume="24" year="1976">Holdich 1976</bibRefCitation>
) and this may be the reason it has not colonized more northerly regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA62F57A94EC5C43A5F8F9FA68E74140" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="colour">
<paragraph id="0FE534489200B8887BE4B47CABFF871A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colour.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0CF37C8CE6C2FF7B15A4B0B41608C3C9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Individuals exhibit a wide variety of colours, often matching the colour of their background, the predominant colours being coralline-pink and brown, rather than the greens and yellows seen in
<taxonomicName id="6D03ED8725067C2454D36FCB7C25685C" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bidentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dynamene bidentata</taxonomicName>
. Individuals sometimes exhibit polychromatism caused by white, dorsal, non-adaptable chromatophores, as seen some other species (
<bibRefCitation id="3AC780873E88F031CD905FBD88C6A20F" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Pubblicazioni Della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="18 - 27" title="Polychromatism in the genus Dynamene (Crustacea: Isopoda)." volume="37" year="1969">Holdich 1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1471F1141788F8BD4B73978E4BEDCAE3" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="133 - 149" title="A comparison of the ecology and life cycles of two species of littoral isopod." url="10.1016/0022-0981(76)90099-X" volume="24" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AF7E7AE2639CDD98D8C4192CD46105D1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ACF24026CA4EA79ED4F9614175BF311A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F52931B67D142449D029A2EB5316E1D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The distribution of this species shown in
<bibRefCitation id="14DA01B4F85BE4C29DA2A5069595E163" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="419 - 438" title="The distribution and habitat preferences of the Afro-European species of Dynamene (Crustacea: Isopoda)." url="10.1080/00222937000770401" volume="4" year="1970">Holdich (1970)</bibRefCitation>
has been extended by the present study. It has been recorded from southern
<pageBreakToken id="CD3C0916D45B6A3FEFDD8CB47AF6CC20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">England</pageBreakToken>
(a single specimen only that may be the result of a stranding), the Channel Islands, around the coasts of Brittany, the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa, the islands of the Azores, Canary Islands and Madeira in the Macaronesian archipelagos, and in the Mediterranean along the European and African coasts, and also Egypt (Fig. 5E).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27F9C5B79A773DE52C79585922594425" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="18503538A46BBFF2639771E36AE50F49" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2BB8DEEEA3B348B8655815D0ED586742" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Almost all the
<taxonomicName id="6FFAF829030A2E92C89F81289ECFAAF6" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene" order="Isopoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dynamene</taxonomicName>
specimens found in the Azores during recent field work belonged to
<taxonomicName id="6D32D7A6FDF00186F409D436792D391D" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">Dynamene magnitorata</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="40F8FDA25585B1D9E93F81006998320A" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene" order="Isopoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dynamene</taxonomicName>
was less prevalent in the benthic community when comparing with Canaries and Portugal (pers. obs., unpublished data).
<bibRefCitation id="819E7B59A4FB8C8C55113A1523D54185" author="Maggiore, F" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="309 - 313" title="Presence of Dynamenebidentata (Adams, 1800) in the Mediterranean (Isopoda)." url="10.1163/156854084X00234" volume="46" year="1984">Maggiore and Fresi (1984)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="CD1D4F50E1B76942891CB078DC4F5CC0" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene bidentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dynamene bidentata</taxonomicName>
from the Bay of Naples, but in fact examination of the specimen showed it to be a male
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. If the
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had compared an actual
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with their specimen then they would have realized this, particular as it is so much smaller than any known
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specimen.
<taxonomicName id="3CEBB0D410ABAC6B6343F25D73C42451" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamene magnitorata" order="Isopoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnitorata">Dynamene magnitorata</taxonomicName>
has only rarely been recorded in the Mediterranean, i.e. twice in Spain, and once in each of Egypt, Italy, Monaco and Tunisia, although it was found to be common on the Chafarinas Islands off Morocco (
<bibRefCitation id="90A415AB0CBDF867F3C36BD8CD97E39C" author="Castellanos, C" journalOrPublisher="Boletin Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="219 - 233" title="Isopodos marinos (Crustacea: Isopoda) de las islas Chafarinas (Mediterraneo occidental)." url="http://www.revistas.ieo.es/index.php/boletin_ieo/article/view/133/126" volume="19" year="2003">Castellanos et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
) (see Suppl. material 1).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1099" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Wet pine savannas (VWLPS), ditches.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1099" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">
Infrequent. Late
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;
<normalizedToken originalValue="SepOct">Sep-Oct</normalizedToken>
. Thornhill 558, 681 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 334 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53700 (DUKE!). [=
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynoctonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynoctonum sessilifolium" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1099" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sessilifolium">Cynoctonum sessilifolium</taxonomicName>
J.F. Gmel. sensu RAB; = Weakley]
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Subtribe
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Ohaus, 1918: 14 [stem: Didrepanephor-]. Type genus:
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Wood-Mason, 1878 [as
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, incorrect subsequent spelling of type genus name, not in prevailing usage]. Comment: incorrect original stem formation, not in prevailing usage.
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; verbatimLocality: UK-1 Stratum A; maximumDepthInMeters: 4110; locationRemarks: RV Melville Cruise MV1313; decimalLatitude:
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; eventDate:
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; eventTime: 11:10; habitat: Abyssal polymetallic-nodule field; fieldNumber: Dive 1 (RV01); Record Level: language: en; institutionCode:
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; datasetName: ABYSSLINE; basisOfRecord: HumanObservation
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="14598">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="14598">Fixed-erect colony with relatively short stem followed by four solid dichotomous branches.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="14598">Fig. 25</paragraph>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90A6B710CF1EDD6FEBEF977" bold="true" box="[151,274,1670,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Prostomium with two antennae and two palps; first segment with chaetae and two pairs of tentacular cirri; second segment without dorsal cirri. Parapodia uniramous, acicular. Dorsal and ventral cirri digitiform, longer than parapodial lobes; all chaetae compound spinigers.
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<paragraph id="29183694D90A6B710CF1EC0EFF54F8AF" blockId="3.[151,561,1850,1912]" box="[151,248,1886,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90A6B710CF1EC0EFF54F8AF" box="[151,248,1886,1912]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1550,1574]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1006,1030]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetId-0="figure-357@4.[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetId-1="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetId-2="figure-114@6.[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetId-3="figure-78@7.[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetId-4="figure-30@8.[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov., type specimens. (A) holotype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view, (B) paratype WS ZMMU MSU WS14782, entire specimen, dorsal view, (C) paratype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) dorsal view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14775, (B) ventral view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirri of parapodia, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri of parapodia." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) lateral view of anterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777, (B) posterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, p—palps, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, py—pygidium, tc—tentacular cirri, tp—terminal papillae, vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows compound chaetae of tentacular segment, numbers indicate post-tentacular segments. D—dorsal side, V—ventral side." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) chaetal blades of the parapodium of the 6th segment of paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776, (B) chaetal shafts of the parapodium of the 7th segment of paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777.Abbreviation: vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows spines on chaetal shafts." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225527" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225531" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225533" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225535" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5225527/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5225531/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5225533/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5225535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Figs 26</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61BD651FD90A6B710CF1ECF6FC58F833" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="29183694D90A6B710CF1ECF6FC58F833" blockId="3.[151,1436,1958,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90A6B710CF1ECF6FEBEF817" bold="true" box="[151,274,1958,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Prostomium triangle, eyes with lenses. Pair of pharyngeal jaws. Tentacular cirri without aciculae. Shafts with fine spines, blades serrated. Pygidium with two rudimental appendages.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61BD651FD90D6B770CA1EBC6FACEFE5E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="29183694D90D6B760CA1EBC6FC12FECB" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90D6B760CA1EBC6FE1DFF67" bold="true" box="[199,433,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90D6B760DDEEBC6FB64FF03" collectingDate="2019-04-08" collectionCode="ZMMU, MSU" elevation="5" latitude="12.075556" location="Noi Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.31334" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" specimenCode="WS14781, WS14782, WS14783" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="F61C8836D90D6B760DDEEBC6FD8CFF67" box="[440,544,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760EE3EBC6FD6EFF67" box="[645,706,150,176]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760EAFEBC6FC97FF67" box="[713,827,150,176]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">WS14781</specimenCode>
,
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<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760FDFEBC7FBBCFF66" box="[953,1040,151,177]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760871EBC6FBF8FF67" box="[1047,1108,150,176]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760906EBC6FA31FF67" box="[1376,1437,150,176]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760CF1EBEAFEA4FF03" box="[151,264,186,212]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">WS14783</specimenCode>
(
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) preserved in 96% ethanol
</materialsCitation>
.
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<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760D30EB8EFE03FF2E" box="[342,431,222,249]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
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(
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</date>
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,
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), mounted on an aluminum stub and sputter-coated with an Au-Pd mixture after SEM
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90D6B760CA1EA76FE62FEB3" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90D6B760CA1EA76FE66FEB3" collectingDate="2019-04-08" collectionCode="ZMMU, MSU" elevation="5" latitude="12.075556" location="Noi Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.31334" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" specimenCode="WS14784-14785" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90D6B760CA1EA76FE2AFE97" bold="true" box="[199,390,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Other material:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="F61C8836D90D6B760DF6EA77FE57FE96" box="[400,507,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760E63EA77FDF0FE96" box="[517,604,295,321]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760E03EA76FD0EFE97" box="[613,674,294,320]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760ECDEA76FCC3FE96" box="[683,879,294,321]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">WS1478414785</specimenCode>
(
<date id="5D191054D90D6B760FE6EA76FC59FE97" box="[896,1013,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" value="2019-04-08">
<collectingDate id="4D5DE9BCD90D6B760FE6EA76FC59FE97" box="[896,1013,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" value="2019-04-08">8.04.2019</collectingDate>
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,
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,
<location id="2C78604FD90D6B760CF1EA1AFEA2FEB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A10E8782D90A6B750CF1EC6AFED4F85D:2C78604FD90D6B760CF1EA1AFEA2FEB2" box="[151,270,330,357]" latitude="12.075556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.31334" name="Noi Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Noi Island</location>
) in 96% ethanol
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90D6B760CA1EA3EFA3FFE7A" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90D6B760CA1EA3EFDF6FE5F" bold="true" box="[199,602,366,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Material used for DNA extraction:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90D6B760E39EA3FFEE0FE7A" collectingDate="2019-04-08" collectionCode="ZMMU, MSU" elevation="5" latitude="12.264722" location="Dung Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.34334" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" specimenCode="XZ4956-4958" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760E39EA3FFD1AFE5E" box="[607,694,367,393]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760EDDEA3EFD54FE5F" box="[699,760,366,392]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760E9AEA3EFC33FE5E" box="[764,927,366,393]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">XZ49564958</specimenCode>
(
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<collectingDate id="4D5DE9BCD90D6B760FCAEA3EFB8DFE5F" box="[940,1057,366,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" value="2019-04-08">8.04.2019</collectingDate>
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,
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)
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,
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<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760DD3EAC2FE5EFE7B" box="[437,498,402,428]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760D9FEAC2FDFAFE7A" box="[505,598,402,429]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">XZ4959</specimenCode>
and XZ4960 (
<date id="5D191054D90D6B760E9FEAC2FCC2FE7B" box="[761,878,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" value="2019-04-08">
<collectingDate id="4D5DE9BCD90D6B760E9FEAC2FCC2FE7B" box="[761,878,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" value="2019-04-08">8.04.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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</quantity>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="4C935053D90D6B760801EAC4FAACFE7A" box="[1127,1280,403,431]" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" precision="15" seconds="48" value="109.31334">109°1848″ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="2C78604FD90D6B76096BEAC2FA2BFE7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A10E8782D90A6B750CF1EC6AFED4F85D:2C78604FD90D6B76096BEAC2FA2BFE7A" box="[1293,1415,402,429]" latitude="12.075556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.31334" name="Noi Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Noi Island</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90D6B760CA1EAE6FC98FDB7" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90D6B760CA1EAE6FED4FE07" bold="true" box="[199,376,438,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90D6B760DE5EAE6FC98FDB7" collectionCode="ZMMU, MSU" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" specimenCode="WS14781" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="F61C8836D90D6B760DE5EAE6FE5CFE07" box="[387,496,438,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760D9BEAE7FDF8FE06" box="[509,596,439,465]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760E39EAE6FD30FE07" box="[607,668,438,464]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760EC3EAE6FCB9FE07" box="[677,789,438,464]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">WS14781</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90D6B760F4EEAE6FC2AFE07" box="[808,902,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-357@4.[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov., type specimens. (A) holotype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view, (B) paratype WS ZMMU MSU WS14782, entire specimen, dorsal view, (C) paratype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225527/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Adult complete specimen with 14 segments. Body c-curved, pharynx extruded. Prostomium 120 µm long, 200 µm wide, with pair of bright red spots on end. Tentacular cirri of 200 µm long. Body length
<quantity id="EE5F9B71D90D6B760ED4EAAEFD55FDCE" box="[690,761,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, maximum width excluding parapodia 330 µm. Parapodia 120330 µm long, chaetae 240320 µm long. Pygidium with pair of short cirri. Body white, non-transparent, with 10 pairs of brown spots on base of 1 10 pairs of parapodia.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90D6B760CA1E93BFEC5FCC3" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90D6B760CA1E93BFEC9FCC3" collectionCode="ZMMU, MSU" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" specimenCode="WS14782" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="F61C8836D90D6B760CA1E93BFE85FD52" box="[199,297,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760D52E93BFE27FD52" box="[308,395,619,645]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760DF3E93AFE7EFD53" box="[405,466,618,644]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760DBAE93AFDE0FD53" box="[476,588,618,644]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">WS14782</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90D6B760E39E93AFD17FD53" box="[607,699,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-357@4.[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov., type specimens. (A) holotype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view, (B) paratype WS ZMMU MSU WS14782, entire specimen, dorsal view, (C) paratype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225527/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Adult female, full of eggs. Body s-curved, with 14 segments. Pygidium lost, pharynx extruded. Prostomium 120 µm long, 200 µm wide, with pair of bright red spots on end. Tentacular cirri of 180 µm long. Body length
<quantity id="EE5F9B71D90D6B760EEDE9E2FD61FD1A" box="[651,717,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, maximum width without parapodia 415 µm. Parapodia 100250 µm long, chaetae 240300 µm long. Body white, non-transparent, with 11 pairs of brown spots on base of 111 pairs of parapodia
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90D6B760CA1E84FFB59FC73" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90D6B760CA1E84FFB5DFC73" collectionCode="ZMMU, MSU" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" specimenCode="WS14783" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="F61C8836D90D6B760CA1E84FFE85FCEE" box="[199,297,799,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760D54E84FFE25FCEE" box="[306,393,799,825]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760DF5E84EFE7CFCEF" box="[403,464,798,824]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760DBEE84EFDE4FCEF" box="[472,584,798,824]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">WS14783</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90D6B760E3FE84EFD18FCEF" box="[601,692,798,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-357@4.[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov., type specimens. (A) holotype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view, (B) paratype WS ZMMU MSU WS14782, entire specimen, dorsal view, (C) paratype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225527/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Adult complete specimen with 14 segments. Pharynx extruded. Prostomium 120 µm long, 200 µm wide Tentacular cirri of 200 µm long. Body length
<quantity id="EE5F9B71D90D6B76081DE812FB79FC8A" box="[1147,1237,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
, maximum width without parapodia 360 µm. Parapodia 110250 µm long, chaetae 100240 µm long. Pygidium with pair of short cirri. Body white, non-transparent, with 11 pairs of brown spots on base of 1 11 pairs of parapodia
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DD8661CD90D6B760CF1ED37FED3F910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225527" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5225527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225527/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" startId="4.[151,250,1639,1663]" targetBox="[151,1436,956,1615]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="29183694D90D6B760CF1ED37FED3F910" blockId="4.[151,1437,1639,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90D6B760CF1ED37FEBFF9A8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1639,1663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90D6B760D7FED37FDB2F9A8" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,542,1639,1663]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90D6B760D7FED37FDB2F9A8" box="[281,542,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Pelagobia rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90D6B760E42ED37FDD8F9A8" bold="true" box="[548,628,1639,1663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90D6B760E42ED37FDD8F9A8" box="[548,628,1639,1663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, type specimens. (A) holotype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view, (B) paratype WS ZMMU MSU WS14782, entire specimen, dorsal view, (C) paratype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="29183694D90D6B760CA1EDA6FCD6F8AC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1781,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90D6B760CA1EDA6FCDAF8AC" collectionCode="ZMMU, MSU" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" specimenCode="WS14775" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="F61C8836D90D6B760CA1EDA6FE85F8C7" box="[199,297,1782,1808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760D56EDA6FE2BF8C7" box="[304,391,1782,1808]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760DE8EDA6FE67F8C7" box="[398,459,1782,1808]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760DB7EDA5FDE9F8C7" box="[465,581,1781,1808]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">WS14775</specimenCode>
. Adult complete specimen with 12 segments. Prostomium 130 µm long, 200 µm wide. Pair of short filiform antennae and pair of short filiform palps. Two pairs of tentacular cirri of 180 µm long on tentacular segment. Body length
<quantity id="EE5F9B71D90D6B760E4FEC6DFD2CF88F" box="[553,640,1853,1880]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
, maximum width excluding parapodia 230 µm. Parapodia 100180 µm long, chaetae 200210 µm long. Pygidium with pair of short cirri
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90D6B770CA1ECD6FE17FF02" blockId="4.[151,1437,1781,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90D6B770CA1ECD6FE1BFF02" collectionCode="ZMMU, MSU" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" specimenCode="WS14776" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="F61C8836D90D6B760CA1ECD6FE85F877" box="[199,297,1926,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760D56ECD6FE2BF877" box="[304,391,1926,1952]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90D6B760DE8ECD6FE67F877" box="[398,459,1926,1952]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90D6B760DB4ECD5FDE9F848" box="[466,581,1925,1951]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="University or college">WS14776</specimenCode>
. Adult complete specimen with 14 segments. Prostomium 110 µm long, 170 µm wide. Pharynx everted. Pair of short filiform antennae and pair of short filiform palps. Two pairs of tentacular cirri of 180 µm long on tentacular segment. Body length
<quantity id="EE5F9B71D90D6B760F40EC9DFCD3F83F" box="[806,895,1997,2024]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
, maximum width excluding parapodia 230 µm. Parapodia 100180 µm long, chaetae 200210 µm long. Pygidium with pair of short cirri. Each pygidial cirrus ends with tiny terminal papilla
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90C6B770CA1EB8FFEFAFECA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90C6B770CA1EB8FFEFEFECA" collectionCode="ZMMU, MSU" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="WS14777" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="F61C8836D90C6B770CA1EB8FFE85FF2E" box="[199,297,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90C6B770D56EB8FFE2BFF2E" box="[304,391,223,249]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4FB6AE51D90C6B770DE8EB8FFE67FF2E" box="[398,459,223,249]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="University or college">MSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="79019EEFD90C6B770DB7EB8FFDE8FF2E" box="[465,580,223,249]" collectionCode="MSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/53w1-8r3k" name="Michigan State University Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="University or college">WS14777</specimenCode>
. Adult specimen with 16 segments. Prostomium 150 µm long, 200 µm wide. Pharynx everted
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90C6B770CA1EA77FACEFE5E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
Pair of short filiform antennae and pair of short filiform palps. Two pairs of tentacular cirri of 200 µm long on tentacular segment. Dorsal cirrus on third right parapodium lost. Body length
<quantity id="EE5F9B71D90C6B77086EEA1BFBCDFEB2" box="[1032,1121,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
, maximum width excluding parapodia 400 µm. Parapodia 120250 µm long, chaetae 200260 µm long. Pygidium with pair of short cirri.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="7DD8661CD90C6B770CF1EEB3FDBFF9B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" startId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" targetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="29183694D90C6B770CF1EEB3FDBFF9B0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1507,1639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90C6B770CF1EEB3FEB9FA2C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1507,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90C6B770D78EEB3FD8AFA2C" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[286,550,1507,1531]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90C6B770D78EEB3FD8AFA2C" box="[286,550,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Pelagobia rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90C6B770E49EEB3FD2EFA2C" bold="true" box="[559,642,1507,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90C6B770E49EEB3FD2EFA2C" box="[559,642,1507,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="61BD651FD90C6B740CA1EDC5FCC5FE96" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="29183694D90C6B740CA1EDC5FCC5FE96" blockId="5.[151,1437,1685,2036]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90C6B770CA1EDC5FEF5F978" bold="true" box="[199,345,1685,1711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Description.</emphasis>
Body flattened, fusiform,
<quantity id="EE5F9B71D90C6B770EE5EDC5FCA7F967" box="[643,779,1685,1712]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.5">1.52.3 mm</quantity>
long, with 1115 segments (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770829EDC5FB5CF978" box="[1103,1264,1685,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-357@4.[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov., type specimens. (A) holotype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view, (B) paratype WS ZMMU MSU WS14782, entire specimen, dorsal view, (C) paratype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225527/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Figs 2A, B, C</figureCitation>
). Both live and preserved worms semi-transparent, white, with two or four rows of brownish-red spots along dorsal side on parapodial bases (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770D77ED8DFE00F920" box="[273,428,1757,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-357@4.[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov., type specimens. (A) holotype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view, (B) paratype WS ZMMU MSU WS14782, entire specimen, dorsal view, (C) paratype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225527/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Figs 2A, B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770DD0ED8DFE75F920" box="[438,473,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">3E</figureCitation>
). Prostomium triangle, with two pairs of thin filiform appendages (pair of antennae and pair of palps), of about 0.75 length of prostomium (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770EB7EC51FC81F8CC" box="[721,813,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770F5EEC51FCD1F8CB" box="[824,893,1793,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1550,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-114@6.[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) dorsal view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14775, (B) ventral view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirri of parapodia, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri of parapodia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225531/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">4A, B</figureCitation>
). Some specimens with bright red spots on bases of antennae (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770D4CEC75FE2FF8E8" box="[298,387,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-357@4.[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov., type specimens. (A) holotype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view, (B) paratype WS ZMMU MSU WS14782, entire specimen, dorsal view, (C) paratype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225527/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Red eyes with lenses on dorsal side of prostomium (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770F8FEC75FBEFF8E8" box="[1001,1091,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Nuchal organs indistinct, accrete to latero-posterior sides of prostomium (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770EF7EC19FC81F8B4" box="[657,813,1865,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-357@4.[151,1436,956,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov., type specimens. (A) holotype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view, (B) paratype WS ZMMU MSU WS14782, entire specimen, dorsal view, (C) paratype ZMMU MSU WS14781, entire specimen, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225527/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Figs 2A, B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770F51EC19FCF1F8B4" box="[823,861,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">3A</figureCitation>
). Pharynx with pair of small jaws; each jaw consists of basal part and falcate proximal one (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770E30EC3DFD7AF85F" box="[598,726,1901,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Tentacular segment with minute parapodia with aciculae and fascicles of 34 compound chaetae (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770E55ECC1FD3DF87C" box="[563,657,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770EF8ECC1FD68F87B" box="[670,708,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1006,1030]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetId="figure-78@7.[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) lateral view of anterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777, (B) posterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, p—palps, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, py—pygidium, tc—tentacular cirri, tp—terminal papillae, vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows compound chaetae of tentacular segment, numbers indicate post-tentacular segments. D—dorsal side, V—ventral side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225533/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">5A</figureCitation>
). Two pairs of short tentacular cirri of subequal length, reaching posterior edge of third body segment (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770E25ECE5FD33F818" box="[579,671,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770ECDECE5FD5DF807" box="[683,753,1973,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1550,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-114@6.[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) dorsal view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14775, (B) ventral view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirri of parapodia, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri of parapodia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225531/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">4A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770E9AECE5FC8EF807" box="[764,802,1973,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1006,1030]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetId="figure-78@7.[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) lateral view of anterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777, (B) posterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, p—palps, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, py—pygidium, tc—tentacular cirri, tp—terminal papillae, vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows compound chaetae of tentacular segment, numbers indicate post-tentacular segments. D—dorsal side, V—ventral side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225533/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">5A</figureCitation>
). Acicular structures in tentacular cirri absent. Parapodia of second segment without dorsal cirri (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770E32EC89FD1DF824" box="[596,689,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770EDBEC89FD4EF824" box="[701,738,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1550,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-114@6.[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) dorsal view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14775, (B) ventral view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirri of parapodia, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri of parapodia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225531/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90C6B770E8BEC89FCBFF823" box="[749,787,2009,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1006,1030]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetId="figure-78@7.[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) lateral view of anterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777, (B) posterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, p—palps, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, py—pygidium, tc—tentacular cirri, tp—terminal papillae, vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows compound chaetae of tentacular segment, numbers indicate post-tentacular segments. D—dorsal side, V—ventral side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225533/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">5A</figureCitation>
). From third segment all parapodia with digitiform, taper- ing dorsal and ventral cirri; dorsal cirri reach nearly end of chaetae; ventral cirri slightly shorter (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740880EBC7FACAFF66" box="[1254,1382,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Figs 3A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740915EBC7FA34FF66" box="[1395,1432,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1550,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-114@6.[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) dorsal view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14775, (B) ventral view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirri of parapodia, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri of parapodia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225531/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740CF1EBEAFF11FF02" box="[151,189,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1006,1030]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetId="figure-78@7.[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) lateral view of anterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777, (B) posterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, p—palps, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, py—pygidium, tc—tentacular cirri, tp—terminal papillae, vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows compound chaetae of tentacular segment, numbers indicate post-tentacular segments. D—dorsal side, V—ventral side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225533/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">5A</figureCitation>
). Each parapodium with tuft of 16—24 chaetae and one thick median projecting acicula (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B7408D6EBEBFAA5FF02" box="[1200,1289,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). All chaetae compound spinigers (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740DE1EB8FFE72FF2E" box="[391,478,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740D8FEB8FFDA3FF2D" box="[489,527,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) chaetal blades of the parapodium of the 6th segment of paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776, (B) chaetal shafts of the parapodium of the 7th segment of paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777.Abbreviation: vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows spines on chaetal shafts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225535/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">6A</figureCitation>
). Shafts long, heterogomph, with numerous fine denticles (using light microscopy difficult to see even under oil immersion) (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740E1AEA53FD76FECA" box="[636,730,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740E80EA53FC81FECA" box="[742,813,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) chaetal blades of the parapodium of the 6th segment of paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776, (B) chaetal shafts of the parapodium of the 7th segment of paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777.Abbreviation: vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows spines on chaetal shafts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225535/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">6A, C</figureCitation>
). Blades serrated (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740F98EA53FBF0FECA" box="[1022,1116,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B74080EEA53FB03FECA" box="[1128,1199,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) chaetal blades of the parapodium of the 6th segment of paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776, (B) chaetal shafts of the parapodium of the 7th segment of paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777.Abbreviation: vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows spines on chaetal shafts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225535/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">6A, C</figureCitation>
). Pygidium with two short conical cirri terminating with papillae (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740EEAEA77FD77FE96" box="[652,731,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,429,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[151,1436,417,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. (based on all type material). (A) anterior end, ventral view, chaetae are not shown, (B) jaws, (C) parapodium of the third segment, (D) heterogomph compound chaetae with serrated shaft. E, general view, chaetae are not shown. Abbreviations: ac—acicula, an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, ey—eyes, no—nuchal organ, p—palps, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225529/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Fig 3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740E81EA77FC80FE96" box="[743,812,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1550,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-114@6.[151,1436,345,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) dorsal view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14775, (B) ventral view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirri of parapodia, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri of parapodia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225531/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">4A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90F6B740F5EEA76FCF0FE96" box="[824,860,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1006,1030]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetId="figure-78@7.[151,1436,309,983]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. SEM. (A) lateral view of anterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777, (B) posterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, p—palps, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, py—pygidium, tc—tentacular cirri, tp—terminal papillae, vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows compound chaetae of tentacular segment, numbers indicate post-tentacular segments. D—dorsal side, V—ventral side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225533/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="7DD8661CD90F6B740CF1ED5EFCD0F9B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5225531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225531/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" startId="6.[151,250,1550,1574]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1527]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="29183694D90F6B740CF1ED5EFCD0F9B9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1550,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740CF1ED5EFEB9F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,277,1550,1574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90F6B740D78ED5EFD8AF9F1" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[286,550,1550,1574]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740D78ED5EFD8AF9F1" box="[286,550,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Pelagobia rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740E49ED5EFD2EF9F1" bold="true" box="[559,642,1550,1574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90F6B740E49ED5EFD2EF9F1" box="[559,642,1550,1574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
SEM. (A) dorsal view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14775, (B) ventral view of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirri of parapodia, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, tc—tentacular cirri, vc—ventral cirri of parapodia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="61BD651FD90F6B740CA1EDCCFB41F90D" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="29183694D90F6B740CA1EDCCFB41F90D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1692,2043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740CA1EDCCFEE2F961" bold="true" box="[199,334,1692,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is a combination of the Latin adjective maculatum referring to the coloured speckles that these worms have dorsally, and rubrum referring to the red colour of these speckles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61BD651FD90F6B740CA1EDB4FB6EF928" box="[199,1218,1764,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="29183694D90F6B740CA1EDB4FB6EF928" blockId="6.[151,1437,1692,2043]" box="[199,1218,1764,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740CA1EDB4FECAF929" bold="true" box="[199,358,1764,1790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="99CF3CC9D90F6B740D0AEDB4FB6EF928" box="[364,1218,1764,1791]" country="China" county="Sea" elevation="5" location="Nhatrang Bay" municipality="South" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1">
Collected in the
<location id="2C78604FD90F6B740E43EDB4FD6DF928" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A10E8782D90A6B750CF1EC6AFED4F85D:2C78604FD90F6B740E43EDB4FD6DF928" box="[549,705,1764,1791]" country="China" county="Sea" municipality="South" name="Nhatrang Bay" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Nhatrang Bay</location>
of the
<collectingMunicipality id="C97CACEED90F6B740F69EDB4FCFCF929" box="[783,848,1764,1790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">South</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingCountry id="51B07604D90F6B740F3EEDB4FC37F929" box="[856,923,1764,1790]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">China</collectingCountry>
<collectingCounty id="C0794E18D90F6B740FC4EDB4FC61F929" box="[930,973,1764,1790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Sea</collectingCounty>
, depths from
<quantity id="EE5F9B71D90F6B740800EDB4FB12F928" box="[1126,1214,1764,1791]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation id="A28AD1A7D90F6B740800EDB4FB12F928" box="[1126,1214,1764,1791]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">010 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61BD651FD90F6B740CA1EC58FC07F8F5" box="[199,939,1800,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="29183694D90F6B740CA1EC58FC07F8F5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1692,2043]" box="[199,939,1800,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740CA1EC58FECDF8F5" bold="true" box="[199,353,1800,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Distribution.</emphasis>
South
<collectingCountry id="51B07604D90F6B740DD6EC58FE5FF8F5" box="[432,499,1800,1826]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">China</collectingCountry>
Sea,
<collectingCountry id="51B07604D90F6B740E56EC58FD76F8F5" box="[560,730,1800,1826]" name="Spratly Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Spratly Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="51B07604D90F6B740E83EC58FC96F8F5" box="[741,826,1800,1826]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="51B07604D90F6B740F22EC58FC0BF8F5" box="[836,935,1800,1826]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61BD651FD90F6B750CA1EC7CFED4F85D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="29183694D90F6B750CA1EC7CFCA8FECA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1692,2043]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740CA1EC7CFE97F891" bold="true" box="[199,315,1836,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90F6B740D25EC7CFDC9F891" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[323,613,1836,1862]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740D25EC7CFDC9F891" box="[323,613,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Pelagobia rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740E0BEC7CFD64F891" bold="true" box="[621,712,1836,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90F6B740E0BEC7CFD64F891" box="[621,712,1836,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90F6B740F39EC7DFC61F891" authorityName="Southern" authorityYear="1909" box="[863,973,1837,1862]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740F39EC7DFC61F891" box="[863,973,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">P. serrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of eyes (
<bibRefCitation id="4D364B65D90F6B74088BEC7CFA3BF891" author="Southern, R." box="[1261,1431,1836,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" pagination="215 - 246" refId="ref10398" refString="Southern, R. (1909) The marine worms (Annelida) of Dublin Bay and the adjoining district. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section B: Biological, Geological, and Chemical Science, 215 - 246." type="book chapter" year="1909">Southern 1909</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4D364B65D90F6B740CF1EC00FE91F8BD" author="Ushakov, P. V." box="[151,317,1872,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" refId="ref10667" refString="Ushakov, P. V. (1972) Polychaete worms. 1. Fauna SSSR. Izdatelstvo AN SSSR, Moscow, 237 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1972">Ushakov 1972</bibRefCitation>
; Isaychev
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740DD3EC01FE4AF8BD" box="[437,486,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
. 2012). From
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90F6B740EEFEC01FC80F8BD" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[649,812,1872,1898]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740EEFEC01FC80F8BD" box="[649,812,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it differs by the shape of prostomium and by short tentacular cirri.
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90F6B740D40EC24FD8BF859" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[294,551,1908,1934]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740D40EC24FD8BF859" box="[294,551,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Pelagobia longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has pentagonal prostomium and nuchal organs forming distinct globular knobs or lappets on the lateral sides of the head, whereas
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90F6B740EBAECC9FC33F865" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[732,927,1944,1970]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740EBAECC9FC33F865" box="[732,927,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">P. rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90F6B740FC1ECC9FC53F864" box="[935,1023,1945,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has triangle prostomium and nuchal organs adherent to the cephalic lobe. Also,
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90F6B740EE7ECEDFC89F801" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[641,805,1980,2006]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740EE7ECEDFC89F801" box="[641,805,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has tentacular cirri reaching to 56 segment in contrast to tentacular cirri of
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90F6B740DE0ECB1FDE7F82D" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[390,587,2016,2042]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B740DE0ECB1FDE7F82D" box="[390,587,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">P. rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90F6B740E32ECB1FD01F82C" box="[596,685,2017,2043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
reaching only the posterior edge of the third segment.
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90F6B75094FECB0FE92FF66" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90F6B75094FECB0FE92FF66" italics="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Pelagobia rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750D21EBC7FE0DFF66" bold="true" box="[327,417,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90E6B750D21EBC7FE0DFF66" box="[327,417,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has numerous denticles on chaetal shafts, that are minute and are hard to see with a light microscope.
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750D40EBEBFD8AFF02" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[294,550,187,213]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750D40EBEBFD8AFF02" box="[294,550,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Pelagobia longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smooth chaetal shafts (
<bibRefCitation id="4D364B65D90E6B750F30EBEBFC4EFF02" author="Greeff, R." box="[854,994,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" pagination="237 - 284" refId="ref8729" refString="Greeff, R. (1879) Ueber pelagische Anneliden von der Kuste der Canarischen Inseln, Zeitschrift Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 237 - 284." type="journal article" year="1879">Greeff 1879</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4D364B65D90E6B750F8BEBEBFB3FFF02" author="Southern, R." box="[1005,1171,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" pagination="215 - 246" refId="ref10398" refString="Southern, R. (1909) The marine worms (Annelida) of Dublin Bay and the adjoining district. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section B: Biological, Geological, and Chemical Science, 215 - 246." type="book chapter" year="1909">Southern 1909</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4D364B65D90E6B7508F9EBEBFAEFFF02" author="Isaychev, A. N." box="[1183,1347,186,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" refId="ref9178" refString="Isaychev, A. N. (2015) Morphology and biology of the planktonic polychaete Pelagobia cf. longicirrata Greeff, 1879 (Annelida, Lopadorrhynchidae). Dissertation, Moscow State University, Moscow, 114 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2015">Isaychev 2015</bibRefCitation>
; Kolbasova 2020).
<bibRefCitation id="4D364B65D90E6B750D46EB8FFE78FF2E" author="Ushakov, P. V." box="[288,468,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" refId="ref10667" refString="Ushakov, P. V. (1972) Polychaete worms. 1. Fauna SSSR. Izdatelstvo AN SSSR, Moscow, 237 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1972">Ushakov (1972)</bibRefCitation>
noted fine spines on chaetal shafts for some
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750FA0EB8FFBCBFF2E" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[966,1127,223,249]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750FA0EB8FFBCBFF2E" box="[966,1127,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from the Pacific Ocean, but he interpreted it as morphological variation.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DD8661CD90E6B750CF1E8BEFAE6FBA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5225533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225533/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" startId="7.[151,250,1006,1030]" targetBox="[151,1436,309,983]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="29183694D90E6B750CF1E8BEFAE6FBA5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1006,1139]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750CF1E8BEFEBFFBD1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1006,1030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750D7FE8BEFDB3FBD1" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,543,1006,1030]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750D7FE8BEFDB3FBD1" box="[281,543,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Pelagobia rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750E43E8BEFDDAFBD1" bold="true" box="[549,630,1006,1030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90E6B750E43E8BEFDDAFBD1" box="[549,630,1006,1030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
SEM. (A) lateral view of anterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14777, (B) posterior end of the paratype ZMMU MSU WS14776. Abbreviations: an—antennae, dc—dorsal cirrus, p—palps, pc—pygidial cirri, ph—everted pharynx, py—pygidium, tc—tentacular cirri, tp—terminal papillae, vc—ventral cirri. Arrow shows compound chaetae of tentacular segment, numbers indicate post-tentacular segments. D—dorsal side, V—ventral side.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="29183694D90E6B750CA1EFF0FD4CFAB9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1184,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
Living
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750D7EEFF1FE76FB6D" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[280,474,1184,1210]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750D7EEFF1FE76FB6D" box="[280,474,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90E6B750D86EFF1FD9AFB6C" box="[480,566,1185,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750EA1EFF1FCC5FB6D" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[711,873,1184,1210]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750EA1EFF1FCC5FB6D" box="[711,873,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the colour pattern with red spots, that may fade after formalin fixation but are retained in those stored in alcohol. Usually, the colour pattern of living
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750978EF95FF6AFAD5" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750978EF95FF6AFAD5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
describes as white-yellowish or white with yellow spots (
<bibRefCitation id="4D364B65D90E6B750F3EEFB8FC4AFAD5" author="Greeff, R." box="[856,998,1256,1282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" pagination="237 - 284" refId="ref8729" refString="Greeff, R. (1879) Ueber pelagische Anneliden von der Kuste der Canarischen Inseln, Zeitschrift Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 237 - 284." type="journal article" year="1879">Greeff 1879</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4D364B65D90E6B750F95EFB8FB36FAD5" author="Ushakov, P. V." box="[1011,1178,1256,1282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" refId="ref10667" refString="Ushakov, P. V. (1972) Polychaete worms. 1. Fauna SSSR. Izdatelstvo AN SSSR, Moscow, 237 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1972">Ushakov 1972</bibRefCitation>
; Isaychev
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750974EFB9FAE9FAD5" box="[1298,1349,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2012). Specimens from the Arctic are white with yellow nuchal organs and with orange spots on the lateral side of each segment and on a base of parapodial cirri (Kolbasova
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750E94EE61FC86FA9D" box="[754,810,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
2020). Living
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750FB7EE61FB92FA9D" authorityName="Southern" authorityYear="1909" box="[977,1086,1329,1354]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750FB7EE61FB92FA9D" box="[977,1086,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. serrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also white with yellow spots on the lateral side of each segment (
<bibRefCitation id="4D364B65D90E6B750E4FEE04FD7FFAB9" author="Southern, R." box="[553,723,1364,1390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" pagination="215 - 246" refId="ref10398" refString="Southern, R. (1909) The marine worms (Annelida) of Dublin Bay and the adjoining district. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section B: Biological, Geological, and Chemical Science, 215 - 246." type="book chapter" year="1909">Southern 1909</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90E6B750CA1EE29FC2BF9F4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1184,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750CA1EE29FEABFA44" box="[199,263,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">DNA.</emphasis>
As the 28S gene sequences for
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750E10EE28FD45FA45" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[630,745,1400,1426]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750E10EE28FD45FA45" box="[630,745,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Pelagobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Antarctic and South Atlantic are absent in the Gen Bank, we made the single 18S tree (not shown) and the concatenated 18S and 28S genes tree (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90E6B7508DBEECCFAAEFA60" box="[1213,1282,1436,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,182,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1381]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated 18S and 28S genes dataset representing relationships between Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. and Pelagobia longicirrata from different localities (sequences from GenBank). Red numbers above branches indicate bootstrap values from Maximum Likelihood (ML), black numbers below—posterior probabilities from Bayesian Interference (BI). Here we use the qualifier “aggr.” for a group of very similar, closely related species still waiting for critical revision to clarify the diagnostic traits and taxa involved, and the qualifier “aff.” for the species having some affinity to a known species but it is not identical to it (Sigovini et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225537/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The concatenated 18S and 28S genes tree (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90E6B750E62EE90FDE5FA0C" box="[516,585,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,182,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1381]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated 18S and 28S genes dataset representing relationships between Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. and Pelagobia longicirrata from different localities (sequences from GenBank). Red numbers above branches indicate bootstrap values from Maximum Likelihood (ML), black numbers below—posterior probabilities from Bayesian Interference (BI). Here we use the qualifier “aggr.” for a group of very similar, closely related species still waiting for critical revision to clarify the diagnostic traits and taxa involved, and the qualifier “aff.” for the species having some affinity to a known species but it is not identical to it (Sigovini et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225537/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) and the single 18S gene tree (not shown) have the same topology, but the concatenated tree based on two genes resolves better. The topology of the resulting trees made both by the Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses are congruent (see
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90E6B750F50ED58FCD5F9F4" box="[822,889,1544,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,182,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1381]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated 18S and 28S genes dataset representing relationships between Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. and Pelagobia longicirrata from different localities (sequences from GenBank). Red numbers above branches indicate bootstrap values from Maximum Likelihood (ML), black numbers below—posterior probabilities from Bayesian Interference (BI). Here we use the qualifier “aggr.” for a group of very similar, closely related species still waiting for critical revision to clarify the diagnostic traits and taxa involved, and the qualifier “aff.” for the species having some affinity to a known species but it is not identical to it (Sigovini et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225537/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90E6B750CA1ED7CFD19F964" blockId="7.[151,1437,1184,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750CA1ED7CFE45F991" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,489,1580,1606]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750CA1ED7CFE45F991" box="[199,489,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Pelagobia rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750D96ED7CFDE6F991" bold="true" box="[496,586,1580,1606]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90E6B750D96ED7CFDE6F991" box="[496,586,1580,1606]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
forms a separate clade with good support (
<figureCitation id="B19C2A11D90E6B750848ED7CFBDFF990" box="[1070,1139,1580,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,182,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1381]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated 18S and 28S genes dataset representing relationships between Pelagobia rubromaculata sp. nov. and Pelagobia longicirrata from different localities (sequences from GenBank). Red numbers above branches indicate bootstrap values from Maximum Likelihood (ML), black numbers below—posterior probabilities from Bayesian Interference (BI). Here we use the qualifier “aggr.” for a group of very similar, closely related species still waiting for critical revision to clarify the diagnostic traits and taxa involved, and the qualifier “aff.” for the species having some affinity to a known species but it is not identical to it (Sigovini et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225537/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Surprisingly,
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750979ED7DFF6AF9BD" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750979ED7DFF6AF9BD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
divides into several clades in the accordance with the geographical distribution of samples: the Arctic clade, the Central Atlantic clade and the South Atlantic clade. The specimens from the Antarctic form did not cluster into a clade due to variability of the 18S rDNA gene.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29183694D90E6B750CA1EDECFED4F85D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1184,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
Nuclear 18S and 28S sequence data of
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750EE3EDEDFCE4F901" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[645,840,1724,1750]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750EE3EDEDFCE4F901" box="[645,840,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750F36EDECFC07F901" bold="true" box="[848,939,1724,1750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90E6B750F36EDECFC07F901" box="[848,939,1724,1750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
obtained in this study are available in Gen- Bank under accession numbers given in
<tableCitation id="6425032FD90E6B750E3BEDB0FD1FF92D" box="[605,691,1760,1786]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,404,428]" captionText="TABLE 2. GenBank sequenses used for the tree." pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Table 2</tableCitation>
. The 18S (1750 bp) p-distance between
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B75081EEDB1FA97F92D" authority="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina, 2021" authorityName="Kolbasova &amp; Neretina" authorityYear="2021" box="[1144,1339,1760,1786]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B75081EEDB1FA97F92D" box="[1144,1339,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. rubromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750924EDB0FA30F92D" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,1760,1786]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00E057FDD90E6B750924EDB0FA30F92D" box="[1346,1436,1760,1786]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750CA1EC55FEC6F8C9" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[199,362,1796,1822]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750CA1EC55FEC6F8C9" box="[199,362,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Equatorial Atlantic is 2.8%. For
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750F2FEC55FC40F8C9" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[841,1004,1796,1822]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750F2FEC55FC40F8C9" box="[841,1004,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Antarctic it is 2.72.9%. For
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750CF1EC78FE9DF894" box="[151,305,1832,1859]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750CF1EC78FEA6F895" box="[151,266,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Pelagobia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingCountry id="51B07604D90E6B750DFBEC78FE43F895" box="[413,495,1832,1858]" name="Angola" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Angola</collectingCountry>
Basin the p-distance is 4.8%, for
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750F0CEC79FBA1F895" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[874,1037,1832,1858]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750F0CEC79FBA1F895" box="[874,1037,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Arctic it is 2.7%. The 28S (413 bp) p-distance is 4.35% for
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B750E46EC1DFD68F8B1" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[544,708,1868,1894]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B750E46EC1DFD68F8B1" box="[544,708,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Equatorial Atlantic, and 2.4% for
<taxonomicName id="EEA74D17D90E6B7508DFEC1DFAF1F8B1" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1879" box="[1209,1373,1868,1894]" class="Polychaeta" family="Lopadorrhynchidae" genus="Pelagobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longicirrata">
<emphasis id="1BD3EA86D90E6B7508DFEC1DFAF1F8B1" box="[1209,1373,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P. longicirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Arctic (
<tableCitation id="6425032FD90E6B750D75EC20FEC6F85D" box="[275,362,1904,1930]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,239,260,284]" captionText="TABLE 3. Minimum and maximum pairwise genetic distances (%) for Pelagobia based on nuclear 18S (alignment length 1178 bp) and 28S rDNA (287 bp) rDNA. Abbreviations: Ant—Antarctic, Ar—Arctic, CA—Central Atlantic, SA—South Atlantic." pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
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<mods:title>Studies in Hawaiian Diptera II: New Distributional Records for Endemic Scatella (Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Evenhuis, Neal L</mods:namePart>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A10EC815204130AFE24C8348904DFFAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A10EC815204130AFE24C8348904DFFAC" lastPageNumber="1110" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wirth, 1948" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scatella williamsi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">Scatella williamsi (Wirth, 1948)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="5.iii.1946" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="WW Wirth" country="United States" location="United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Holotype</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">WW Wirth</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">female</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">adult</specimenType>
; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Hawaii; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">United States</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Akaka Falls, Hilo; Event: verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" value="5.iii.1946">5.iii.1946</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">BPBM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="5.iii.1946" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="WW Wirth" country="United States" location="United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Paratype</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">WW Wirth</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">male</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">adult</specimenType>
; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Hawaii; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">United States</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Akaka Falls, Hilo; Event: verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" value="5.iii.1946">5.iii.1946</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">BPBM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="5.iii.1946" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="WW Wirth" country="United States" location="United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-adult="7" typeStatus="Paratype">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Paratype</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">WW Wirth</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">7</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">adult</specimenType>
; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Hawaii; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">United States</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Akaka Falls, Hilo; Event: verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" value="5.iii.1946">5.iii.1946</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">BPBM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="24.x.1931" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="FX Williams" country="United States" location="United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">FX Williams</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">1</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">adult</specimenType>
; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Hawaii; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">United States</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Akaka Falls, about water; Identification: identifiedBy: WW Wirth; Event: verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" value="24.x.1931">24.x.1931</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">BPBM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="31.vii.1958" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="LW Quate" country="United States" location="United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">LW Quate</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">1</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">adult</specimenType>
; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Hawaii; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">United States</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kohala Mts.; verbatimElevation: 1900 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: JA Tenorio; Event: verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" value="31.vii.1958">31.vii.1958</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">BPBM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="23.iii.1961" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="LW Quate" country="United States" location="United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-adult="4" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">LW Quate</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">4</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">adult</specimenType>
; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Hawaii; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">United States</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Head of Waipio Valley; verbatimElevation: 3936 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: JA Tenorio; Event: verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" value="23.iii.1961">23.iii.1961</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">BPBM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="28.v.1970" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="JA Tenorio" country="United States" location="United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-adult="4" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">JA Tenorio</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">4</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">adult</specimenType>
; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Hawaii; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">United States</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Akaka Falls; Identification: identifiedBy: JA Tenorio; Event: verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" value="28.v.1970">28.v.1970</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">BPBM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2.viii.2010" collectionCode="EMEC, 613.4" collectorName="PM O'Grady, RT Lapoint, GM Bennett, BS Ort, NA Pantoja" country="United States" latitude="19.795055" location="United States" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-155.09404" pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" specimenCode="EMEC 7356075" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">EMEC7356075</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">PM O'Grady, RT Lapoint, GM Bennett, BS Ort, NA Pantoja</collectorName>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">adult</specimenType>
; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Hawaii; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">United States</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: 0.5 miles from start of scenic drive to Onomea Bay, first major bridge, sweeping along stream; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.795055">19°47'42.20&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-155.09404">155°5'38.58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; Event: verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" value="2.viii.2010">2.viii.2010</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">EMEC</collectionCode>
; collectionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">613.4</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" type="ecological interactions">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Ecological interactions</paragraph>
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" type="native status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Native status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Endemic.</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1110" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1110">Hawaiian Islands: Hawaii.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>