diff --git a/data/12/59/07/12590703F401FF8822DCF929FB4A26FD.xml b/data/12/59/07/12590703F401FF8822DCF929FB4A26FD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e2f333ba65f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/59/07/12590703F401FF8822DCF929FB4A26FD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ + + + +Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera + + + +Author + +Sims, Pat A. + + + +Author + +Williams, David M. + + + +Author + +Ashworth, Matt + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2018 + +2018-12-10 + + +382 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 +1179-3163 + + + + + + + + +Diommatetras grossa +Komura (2001: 77 + + +, figs 55–75, text-fig. 3) ( +Figs 105–110 +) + + + + + + +Type +:— +Japan +: Miocene Morito Formation, “Km-5912…Calcareous nodules…collected from one of the serial rocky shoals submerged beneath the upper tidal level along the sand beach at Morito in the west side of the Miura Peninsula (Lat. +35° 16’ 06”N +, Long. +139° 34’ 24”E +, Text-fig.1)” ( +Komura 2001: 70 +), “Km-5912 (4) = 14.8 X 129.1 (Fm39901) ( +holotype +)” = +Komura (2001 +: fig. 14). + + +Valves quadrate with two opposing poles narrower and longer than the other two, margins concave ( +Fig. 105, 109 +), length 39μm, breadth 36.5μm ( +Komura 2001: 77 +, gives 25.5–33μm long, 21.5–31.5μm breadth). At narrower poles short elevation with ocellus at its summit extends outwards ( +Fig. 105 +). Valve centre oval, distinctly convex ( +Figs 105, 106, 110 +), the longer axis lying towards shorter apices.A series of radially aligned costae link valve centre to apices and a regular row of short costae link the narrow mantle to expanded hyaline valve margin ( +Figs 105, 109 +). Central area depressed covered externally with anastomosing costae forming irregular reticulate pattern, spines at junctions. Poroid areolae lie within anastomosing costae, the majority occluded by raised cribrum ( +Fig. 107 +), occasional specialised pore present ( +Figs 107, 108 +, arrow). Areolae ca. +12 in +10μm. Rimoportulae 2, each positioned at base of longer axis of central area opening externally through long tubular spine ( +Figs 105, 109 +), internally through a slit between raised lips ( +Fig. 108 +). + + + +FIGURES 105–110. + +Diommatetras grossa +Komura + +(Atlantic City well, 406 ft, USA). Fig.105. Quadrangular valve tilted valve margins concave. Lying opposite are 2 elevations each with a rimmed ocellus at summit. Lying midway between elevations vale margin expands with a submarginal stout spine, the opening of a rimoportula present. Valve centre convex with a depressed central area.; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig.106. Valve interior with radial rows of discrete poroid areolae extending from small depressed central area; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 107. Anastomosing costae enclosing areolae occluded by cribra with the occasional specialised pore (arrow); scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 108. Interior opening of submarginal rimoportula, cribra and specialised pore (arrow); scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 109. Valve rotated showing valve mantle attached to expanded hyaline valve margin by costae; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 110. Valve flat with concave valve margins, long costae linking an oval valve centre to elevations, long stout hollow spine, a rimoportula, at opposing angles; scale bar = 10 μm. + + + +Observations:— + +Diommatetras + +appears to be closely related to + +Amphipentas +. + +For a more detailed account see +Komura (2001: 77–80) +. + + +This description is based on specimens from Atlantic City well at +406 ft. +, +New Jersey +, +USA +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/12/59/07/12590703F403FF8822DCFB05FD182111.xml b/data/12/59/07/12590703F403FF8822DCFB05FD182111.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a5763876703 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/59/07/12590703F403FF8822DCFB05FD182111.xml @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ + + + +Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera + + + +Author + +Sims, Pat A. + + + +Author + +Williams, David M. + + + +Author + +Ashworth, Matt + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2018 + +2018-12-10 + + +382 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Pseudictyota +P.A. Sims & D. M. Williams + +, + +gen. nov. + + + + +Valves bipolar-hexagonal, in some angles barely raised elevations, ocellus on its summit. Valve face weakly convex, mantle rounded, distinctly indented at base where it meets expanded hyaline valve margin with raised border. Valve covered with false pseudoloculi, basal layer with poroid areolae, radially aligned. Poroid areolae occluded by +two types +of vela, mostly cribra with occasional specialised pore present. Rimoportulae single (rarely two), submarginal or at foot of elevation. Valve interior with uninterrupted radial rows of poroid areolae. Valvocopula distinct, with broad pars interior and inner row of elongate pores. + + + + +Type +species: + +Biddulphia reticulata +Roper + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/12/59/07/12590703F40AFF8122DCFF11FA8B243B.xml b/data/12/59/07/12590703F40AFF8122DCFF11FA8B243B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b812c11ed52 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/59/07/12590703F40AFF8122DCFF11FA8B243B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ + + + +Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera + + + +Author + +Sims, Pat A. + + + +Author + +Williams, David M. + + + +Author + +Ashworth, Matt + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2018 + +2018-12-10 + + +382 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 +1179-3163 + + + + + + + + +Mastodiscus radiatus +(Bailey) +Prasad and Nienow (2008: 264) + + +( +Figs 76–80 +) + + + + + + +Basionym +:— + +Auliscus radiatus +Bailey (1854: 6 + +, fig. 13) + + +Synonyms +:— + +Auliscus baileyii +Greville (1863: 49) + + +Pseudauliscus radiatus +(Bailey) A. +Schmidt (1875 + +: pl. 32, fig. 28) + +Pseudauliscus radiatus +(Bailey) +Rattray (1888: 902) + + + + + +Type:— +USA +, Rockaway, +New York +(FH-Harvard Bailey #1979, +lectotype +designated by +Prasad and Nienow 2008: 254 +, specimen found at +England +finder K-34, http://www2.huh.harvard.edu/diatom/baileycat.htm) + + +Valve face circular, sub-circular or oval, diameter 40–90μm, with two large opposing ocelli at the poles in subcircular-oval specimens ( +Figs 76, 77 +). Ocelli with broad hyaline rims and radial rows of porelli ( +Fig. 78 +). Valve surface slightly concave with a central transapically aligned oval ridge enclosing a small raised central area ( +Fig. 77 +). Valve face bordered by a sipho ridge, a sipho marginalis occupying valve mantle. Areolae poroid arranged in primary and secondary rows radiating towards central area, c. 5 areolae in 10μm. Areolae occluded on exterior by sunken cribra ( +Fig. 79 +). groups of 6–9 small poroid areolae in a ring (= specialised pores?) at irregular intervals ( +Fig. 79 +, arrow). Rimoportulae 2, positioned marginally equidistant from ocelli ( +Fig. 77 +), external opening through short hollow spine, internally radially aligned slit across raised lips ( +Fig. 80 +). + + +Observations:— +The description above is based on material from Pensacola, +Florida +, +USA +( +BM +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/12/59/07/12590703F40FFF8422DCFD8DFBD92279.xml b/data/12/59/07/12590703F40FFF8422DCFD8DFBD92279.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..06ae15d1a1c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/59/07/12590703F40FFF8422DCFD8DFBD92279.xml @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ + + + +Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera + + + +Author + +Sims, Pat A. + + + +Author + +Williams, David M. + + + +Author + +Ashworth, Matt + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2018 + +2018-12-10 + + +382 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 +1179-3163 + + + + + + + + +Zygoceros rhombus +Ehrenberg (1839: 156 + + +; +Ehrenberg 1839 +[ +1841 +]: 160, pl. IV, fig. XII; + +Ehrenberg 1840b: 80 + +, pl. IV, + + + + +fig. XII) ( +Figs 65–71 +) + + + + +Synonyms +:— + +Biddulphia rhombus +(Ehrenberg) W. +Smith (1856: 49 + +, pl. 45, fig. 320; pl. 61, fig. 320) + +Odontella rhomboides +R. +Jahn & Kusber (2004: 584) + + + + + +Type:— +Cuxhaven [ +Germany +], 540043-4 +BHUPM +, +lectotype +( +Jahn & Kusber 2004 +: fig. 45); 540211-5 +BHUPM +( +Jahn & Kusber 2004 +: fig. 44) and 360805-c +BHUPM +(“Cuxhaven I”, + +Sar +et al. +2007 + +: fig. 3), +isolectotypes +. + + +In girdle view frustules square to rectangular, apical axis 50–108μm, transapical axis 40–60μm, with central set of girdle bands. Valves with narrow mantles, indented, extending to narrow mantle flange, with polar elevations that extend outwards to lie in line with girdle ( +Fig. 69 +). + + +Valve outline lanceolate or triangular ( +Figs 65, 66 +), length 40–180μm, breadth 30–50μm, with rim of mantle flange extending slightly beyond valve outline ( +Fig. 67 +). Valve surface almost flat with a barely raised elevation at each pole ( +Fig. 69 +). Summit of elevation with hyaline rimmed ocellus positioned mostly on dorsal side ( +Fig. 68 +). Areolae loculate with continuous cribrum linked by passage pores ( +Figs 67, 68 +) with 8 areolae in 10μm in transapical rows that meet at central apical line (annulus), with 8 striae in 10μm. + + +A regular series of buttressed spines with branched tips and branched spines situated above locular walls ( +Fig. 67 +). 2–6 sub-marginal rimoportulae open through short spine ( +Fig. 67 +) buttressed at base on valve exterior (if 2, each positioned at base of elevation– +Fig. 68 +); on interior through short barely raised slits ( +Fig. 70 +). Girdle bands open, valvocopula with well-developed pars interior ( +Fig. 71 +). Each band with narrow hyaline margins bordering vertical rows of poroid areolae, c. +15 in +10μm ( +Fig. 71 +). + + +Observations:— +The description above is based on material from Tampa, +Florida +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/12/59/07/12590703F435FFBE22DCFF1EFBF62560.xml b/data/12/59/07/12590703F435FFBE22DCFF1EFBF62560.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..532fb745954 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/59/07/12590703F435FFBE22DCFF1EFBF62560.xml @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + + + +Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera + + + +Author + +Sims, Pat A. + + + +Author + +Williams, David M. + + + +Author + +Ashworth, Matt + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2018 + +2018-12-10 + + +382 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 +1179-3163 + + + + + + + +Ralfsiella +P.A. Sims, D. M. Williams & Ashworth + +, + +gen. nov. + + + + +Valve outline circular, lying opposite each other a barely raised narrow elevation with a circular ocellus at summit. Valve face almost flat with a narrow slightly convex valve mantle bordering an expanded hyaline valve margin. Valve face, mantle and elevations covered in an irregular network of false pseudoloculi. Lying within each “loculus” a single, small poroid areola occluded by a velum. These appear to be identical throughout the valve, no specialised pores seen. In a submarginal position, equidistant between the elevations lies the external opening of a rimoportula. The opening is through a long slender tube, slightly wider at base than summit, while interior opening a slit across a papillus. Girdle bands with vertical rows of poroid areolae, valvocopula and remaining copulae open. + + + +Type +: + +Ralfsiella smithii + +(Ralfs in Pritchard) P.A. Sims & D. M. Williams & Ashworth + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/12/59/07/12590703F437FFBC22DCFCFAFA8123E8.xml b/data/12/59/07/12590703F437FFBC22DCFCFAFA8123E8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dc28812ba3f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/59/07/12590703F437FFBC22DCFCFAFA8123E8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ + + + +Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera + + + +Author + +Sims, Pat A. + + + +Author + +Williams, David M. + + + +Author + +Ashworth, Matt + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2018 + +2018-12-10 + + +382 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Cerataulus strelnikovae +P.A. Sims & D. M. Williams + + +sp. nov. + +( +Figs 152–153 +) + + + +Valves bipolar, apices with short, squat elevations facing opposite directions, rimmed ocellus slanted dorsally on summit ( +Fig. 152 +). Valves distinctly convex with valve centre flattening out. Valve structure loculate with well-developed annulus extending between elevations ( +Fig. 152 +, arrow). Exterior valve surface with transapical rows of fine pores extending from central annulus to valve margin, within annulus irregularly arranged, interior with foramina. Valve surface covered with spinules, those within annulus linked ( +Fig. 153 +). Rimoportulae 4–6, positioned either side of annulus, opening through stout, long tubular spines on valve exterior, internal opening unknown. Girdle bands unknown. + + + + +Type:— +Vema Cruise 17, core 107, water depth +1525m +[ +CAS +nos 39573/9 & 10] ( + +BM +101831, +holotype +, designated here + +). + + +Observations:— +This description is based on specimens from +type +material: Vema Cruise 17, core 107. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/12/59/07/12590703F439FFB222DCFA01FC352029.xml b/data/12/59/07/12590703F439FFB222DCFA01FC352029.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bec823b4673 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/59/07/12590703F439FFB222DCFA01FC352029.xml @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + + + +Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera + + + +Author + +Sims, Pat A. + + + +Author + +Williams, David M. + + + +Author + +Ashworth, Matt + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2018 + +2018-12-10 + + +382 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 +1179-3163 + + + + + + + +Hobaniella +P.A. Sims & D. M. Williams + +, + +gen. nov. + + + + +Valve face circular-oval with elevation at each pole. Valve face convex with a strongly raised valve centre lying between almost vertical long, narrow elevations, ocellus on each summit. Valve mantle steep, merging at base into expanded hyaline valve margin. Areolae poroid, in rows radiating from valve centre extending length of narrow elevations. Areolae occluded by a simple velum. Rimoportulae 1–3, arising beneath summit of central area inclined towards opposite poles, each opening through a long narrow spine forked at its summit. + + + +Type +: + +Hobaniella longicruris +(Greville) P.A. Sims & D.M. Williams + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/12/59/07/12590703F439FFB222DCFC89FD0322A5.xml b/data/12/59/07/12590703F439FFB222DCFC89FD0322A5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2ef41b2cf69 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/59/07/12590703F439FFB222DCFC89FD0322A5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ + + + +Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera + + + +Author + +Sims, Pat A. + + + +Author + +Williams, David M. + + + +Author + +Ashworth, Matt + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2018 + +2018-12-10 + + +382 + + +1 + + +1 +56 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.1 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Pseudodictyota bicorne +(Cleve) P.A. Sims & D. M. Williams + +, + +comb. nov. + +( +Figs 139–143 +) + + + + + +Basionym +: + +Triceratium bicorne +Cleve (1878: 17 + +, fig. 30) + + + + + +Type +:— + +“St. Bartholomew. I have found this species in a gathering from Java and from +California +” ( +Cleve 1878: 17 +) + + +Valves quadrate, cruciform or bipolar with expanded valve margins ( +Figs 139, 140 +). At opposing poles are outwardly projecting elevations, ocellus on each summit. Valve face barely raised, on cruciform specimens opposing margins raised, mantles rounded, shallow ( +Fig. 141 +), length 30–46μm, breadth 28–42μm. Valve and mantle surface covered in false pseudoloculi, those at valve centre larger. Mantle connected to outer edge of expanded hyaline valve margin by costae ( +Fig. 139 +). Basal layer of valve with continuous rows of poroid areolae radiating from valve centre ( +Fig. 140 +). Areolae occluded on valve exterior by +two types +of vela, either a cribra or ( +Fig. 142 +, arrow), a hyaline valve centre surrounded by pores. Rimportulae 2, lying marginally midway between elevations its external opening through tubular spine, those on cruciform specimens a long, buttressed and ridged spine, interior opening a radially aligned slit across a papilllus ( +Fig. 143 +, arrow). + + +Observations:— +This description is based on specimens from Thursday Island, +Queensland +, +Australia +, Muntok, Sumatra, and Paama, +New Hebrides +, +Vanuatu +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/2D/2D/56/2D2D56069E04FFF7FF1BFB81FF093BFA.xml b/data/2D/2D/56/2D2D56069E04FFF7FF1BFB81FF093BFA.xml index 2a34f7d8893..80fb3010911 100644 --- a/data/2D/2D/56/2D2D56069E04FFF7FF1BFB81FF093BFA.xml +++ b/data/2D/2D/56/2D2D56069E04FFF7FF1BFB81FF093BFA.xml @@ -1,57 +1,58 @@ - - - -Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XVI): Three new synonyms of D. lacostei + + + +Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XVI): Three new synonyms of D. lacostei - - -Author + + +Author -Li, Hui-Min -Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China +Li, Hui-Min +Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China - - -Author + + +Author -Yuan, Qiong -Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China +Yuan, Qiong +Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China - - -Author + + +Author -Yang, Qin-Er -Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China +Yang, Qin-Er +Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China -text - - -Phytotaxa +text + + +Phytotaxa - -2018 - -2018-12-11 + +2018 + +2018-12-11 - -382 + +382 - -2 + +2 - -151 -166 + +151 +166 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.2.1 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.382.2.1 -journal article -10.11646/phytotaxa.382.2.1 -1179-3163 +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.382.2.1 +1179-3163 +13723962 @@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ . -Figs. 1–15 +Figs. 1–15 . @@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ Type:— ( holotype P!). -Fig. 15A +Fig. 15A . @@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ Exped. 1119 PE!; isotypes WUK!, XJBI!). -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 . @@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ Type:— holotype XJA !). -Fig. 3A +Fig. 3A . @@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ Type:— ( holotype KUN!). -Fig. 4A +Fig. 4A . @@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ long, densely puberulent. Seeds ca. long, dark brown, cylindrical, transversely squamulose. - + FIGURE 15 . Specimens of @@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ is distributed in eastern , and northern Pakistan ( -Fig. 16 +Fig. 16 ). It often grows on gravelly or grassy slopes or among boulders at altitudes of 3500–4800 m above sea level. It was recorded to occur in @@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ above sea level. It was recorded to occur in Wang & Warnock 2001 ), but we have not as yet seen any material from that country. - + FIGURE 16 . Distribution of diff --git a/data/68/2F/9F/682F9F11FFE5FFCFFF5EFCCDEBD4FDBE.xml b/data/68/2F/9F/682F9F11FFE5FFCFFF5EFCCDEBD4FDBE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..db58dff2dd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/68/2F/9F/682F9F11FFE5FFCFFF5EFCCDEBD4FDBE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,561 @@ + + + +Gravesia serratifolia (Melastomataceae: Sonerileae), a new species from Marojejy National Park, Madagascar + + + +Author + +Almeda, Frank + + + +Author + +Ranarivelo, Heritiana + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2019 + +2019-02-01 + + +391 + + +2 + + +115 +121 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.2.4 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.391.2.4 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Gravesia serratifolia +Almeda & H. Ranariv. + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Figures 1 +& +2 +) + + + + + +Diagnosis: Distinguished from all + +Gravesia +species + +by a combination of small (1−3.3 × +0.7−2.7 cm +) coarsely serrate leaf blades that are moderately lepidote on both surfaces like young vegetative buds, calyx tube well-developed and flangelike, +1.5 mm +long; calyx lobes obsolete or evident as depressed truncate undulations, calyx teeth 5, 0.75−1 × +0.5−0.75 mm +, prominent and prolonged beyond calyx tube, laterally compressed when fresh but appearing knobby and callose-thickened when dry; filaments sparsely to moderately beset with rufescent simple (rarely branched) glandlike trichomes mostly less than +0.25 mm +long that are commonly clustered or fascicled, and anther connective conspicuously prolonged dorso-basally ca. +0.5 mm +above the junction with the filament into a linear-oblong widely spreading or coiled appendage +0.5−0.75 mm +long. + + + +Type +:— +MADAGASCAR +. +Antsiranana +: +SAVA +, +Andapa +, +Marojejy National Park +, top of the massif, + +2132 m + +, +14°26’57”S +, +49°43’57”E +, + +13 December 2005 + +, fl., + +H +. +Ranarivelo +& +D. Ravelonarivo +RHS 857 + +( +holotype +: +CAS +!; +isotypes +: +G +!, +MO +!, +P +!, +TAN +!) + +. + + +Sparingly branched shrub +50 cm +to +1 m +tall. Distal cauline internodes rounded-quadrate, deeply and inconspicuously canaliculate on two of the opposing faces, essentially glabrous, sparingly and irregularly lenticellate. Cauline nodes somewhat swollen at the base of each petiole with elevated somewhat pustulate U-shaped or V-shaped interpetiolar lines. Leaves opposite and decussate, isomorphic in size and shape in each pair, ± erect or ascending when fresh, the adaxial surface sometimes ± convex or with the blade margins curved downward at a gentle angle when fresh. Leaves semi-succulent when fresh becoming chartaceous when dry; petioles +3.5−6 mm +long, canaliculate and glabrous on the adaxial surface, rounded and glabrous to lenticellate on the abaxial surface; blades bright green when fresh, irregularly flushed red along the margins, 1−3.3 × +0.7−2.7 cm +, elliptic-ovate to ovate or suborbicular (rarely ovateobovate), 5-nerved with inconspicuous acarodomatia where the inner pair of secondary veins diverge from the primary vein at the blade base, moderately and randomly lepidote on both surfaces like the young vegetative buds, the scales minute, sessile, and rusty brown, apex obtuse to rounded, base obtuse to bluntly acute or nearly rounded, the blade margins conspicuously and coarsely serrate for much of their length. Inflorescence a terminal simple dichasium of three flowers but often reduced to a solitary flower or occasionally somewhat congested and 5-flowered on an erect solitary peduncle (4−) +7−16 mm +long; pedicels +2−4 mm +long, glabrous, lenticellate and sometimes also sparingly rusty lepidote, the subtending bracts with petioles mostly +1 mm +long and blades 2−5 × +1.5−4 mm +, elliptic-ovate to obovate, 3-nerved, apex obtuse, base acute to cuneate, sparingly rusty-lepidote on both surfaces, the margins coarsely serrate; the bracteoles 1.5−2.5 × +0.25−0.5 mm +, linear-oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, obscurely 1-nerved, apex narrowly acute, base narrowly attenuate, glabrous, the margins entire. Hypanthium (at anthesis) +4−5 mm +long to the torus and +4−5 mm +in diameter, broadly turbinate to infundibuliform, ± terete or only 2-costate on some hypanthia, essentially glabrous, often irregularly lenticellate and sparingly beset with a sessile rusty-lepidote indumentum that is caducous; calyx tube well developed and flangelike, +1.5 mm +long; calyx lobes obsolete or evident as depressed truncate undulations, calyx teeth 5, 0.75−1 × +0.5−0.75 mm +, prominent and prolonged beyond calyx tube, laterally compressed when fresh but appearing knobby and ± callose-thickened when dry. Petals 5, 13−19 × +6−9 mm +, narrowly obovate, obliquely apiculate at the apex, magenta, entire and eciliate. Stamens 10, isomorphic in size and shape, erect and ± clustered around the erect style at anthesis; filaments +6−7 mm +long and +0.5 mm +in diameter, pale pink, compressed, sparsely to moderately beset with rusty brown simple (rarely branched) glandlike trichomes mostly less than +0.25 mm +long that are commonly clustered or fascicled; anther thecae +4 mm +long and +1 mm +in diameter, yellow, oblong, ± laterally compressed, the apical pore ventrally inclined; connective conspicuously thickened dorsally and prolonged dorso-basally ca. +0.5 mm +above the junction with the filament into a linear-oblong widely spreading or coiled appendage +0.5−0.75 mm +long. Ovary (at anthesis) +3 mm +long and +2 mm +in diameter, bluntly oblong-elliptic and somewhat tapered distally (at anthesis), glabrous, apex truncate to rounded, 1/3-inferior, 5-locular; style +10−12 mm +long and +0.5−0.75 mm +in diameter, pale pink but whitish distally, terete and ± straight, glabrous and terminating in a punctiform stigma. Mature capsules and seeds not seen. + + +Phenology +:—The type and two of the +paratypes +, which were collected in October and December, are in flower; these flowering specimens have a few post-mature ruptured capsules with no seeds. One other +paratype +that was collected in November has young fruits. Another +paratype +collected outside of Marojejy NP in March is in post-mature fruit. + + + + +Habitat and distribution +:—Three of the five known collections of + +Gravesia serratifolia + +were collected at or near the summit of Marojejy National Park above +2000 m +elevation ( +Figure 3 +). The fourth collection was purportedly made near Camp III. Our GPS readings in the field indicate that Camp III is at about +1319 m +. We did not see this species around Camp III so we suspect that this collection was made at a somewhat higher elevation in ericoid vegetation. The single collection from outside the park boundaries was made at +1774 m +. Four natural vegetational formations have been identified on the Marojejy Massif ( +Humbert 1955 +; +Garreau & Manantsara 2003 +): humid dense forests occur below +800 m +; medium-elevation rainforests occur between 800 and +1400 m +; dense montane forests are found between 1400 and +1800 m +; and what has been described as ericoid vegetation ( +Humbert 1955 +) or montane thicket ( +Garreau & Manantsara 2003 +) occurs above +1800 m +. Most of the known collections of + +G. serratifolia + +were made in this latter formation which covers only about 1000 ha or 1.5 % of the area of Marojejy National Park. + + +Conservation status +:— + +Gravesia serratifolia + +is mostly known from a limited area at upper elevations of Marojejy National Park and one outlying montane site northwest of the park. The EOO is +36.9 km +² and the AOO is +8 km +². Except for the single collection made outside of the park, all known populations of this species occur within the boundary of Marojejy National Park. Populations in the park are afforded some protection so it seems unlikely that they are severely threatened at this time. The lower elevation forests within and surrounding Marojejy NP suffer from diffuse but regular noncommercial pressure due to exploitation of forest products. Ecotourism at Marojejy NP is small-scale at present but increased human visitation to the high elevation montane thicket vegetation could become a potential threat because of its limited extent and the slow growth of plant species in this fragile formation ( +Garreau & Manantsara 2003 +). To date there has been no history of fire damage to the vegetational cover in the interior of Marojejy NP ( +Garreau & Manantsara 2003 +). However, low elevation habitats outside of the national park continue to experience out-of-control fires and areas in the Betaolana corridor are threatened by mining sites for topaz and beryl. In view of its limited area of occupancy, small population size (surely less than 1000 individuals), and number of known locations (≤ 5), we recommend a conservation classification of Vulnerable (VU): D2 for + +G. serratifolia + +at this time. + + + + +Etymology +:—The epithet for this species, + +serratifolia +, + +highlights the conspicuous serrate foliar margins that extend for most of the length of each mature leaf blade. + + +Additional specimens examined +:— + +MADAGASCAR +. +Antsiranana +: +Massif de Marojejy +, sommet face ouest, + +2000–2137 m + +, [ +14°26’55.41”S +, +49°43’59.89”E +], + +Nov. 1972 + +, yg. fr., + +Morat +4091 + +( +P +, +TAN +!) + +; + +Marojejy-Andapa +, forêt à mousse +Camp +III, [ +14°26’11.7”S +, +49°44’36.9”E +], + +11 Oct. 1988 + +, fl., + +Rakatozafy +& +Raharilala +2258 + +( +TAN +!) + +; + +SAVA +, +Andapa +, +Marojejy National Park +, top of the massif, + +2132 m + +, +14°26’57”S +, +49°43’57”E +, + +13 Dec. 2005 + +, fl., + +Ranarivelo +& +Ravelonarivo +RHS 820 + +( +CAS +!, +MO +!, +TAN +!) + +; + +Anjialavabe +et +Doany +, +Andapa +, deuxième montagne +d’Ankarongameloka +, + +1774 m + +, +14°14’S +, +49°26’E +, + +11 Mar. 2006 + +, old fr., + +Ravelonarivo +et al. 1872 + +( +MO +, P-online image!, +TAN +) + +. + + + + +Discussion +:— +Perrier de la Bâthie (1932 +, +1951 +) divided + +Gravesia + +into three subgenera. The subgenus + +Gravesia +, + +to which he assigned over 100 described species, was further divided into four sections largely based on habit and inflorescence architecture. The taxonomy of + +Gravesia + +in +Madagascar +has received little attention since Perrier de la Bâthie’s flora treatment of the genus. The monophyly of its infrageneric groupings are yet to be tested in a phylogenetic context. Several of the sections in subgenus + +Gravesia + +include morphologically diverse species. We tentatively assign + +G. serratifolia + +to section + +Pauciflorae + +based on its shrubby habit with stems that exceed the leaves in length and few-flowered cymose inflorescence, but it does not match or appear to be particularly close to any of the species assigned to this section by +Perrier de la Bâthie (1951) +. + + + +FIGURE 1. + +Gravesia serratifolia +. + +A. Habit. B. Representative leaf (abaxial surface) C. Representative leaf (adaxial surface). D. Enlargement of a portion of abaxial leaf surface showing serrate margin and scattered lepidote indumentum. E. Enlargement of abaxial leaf base showing acarodomatia where secondary veins diverge from primary vein. F. Petal (adaxial surface) G. Stamen (profile view). H. Enlargement of filament showing fascicled glandlike trichomes. I. Enlargement of filament showing solitary and branched glandlike trichomes. J. Hypanthium and style (at anthesis) with petals and stamens removed. K. Simple dichasium showing bracts and bracteoles. Drawn from Ranarivelo & Ravelonarivo RHS 857. + + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Gravesia serratifolia + +showing habit, leaves, inflorescence, and flower. (Photo: Éric Mathieu) + + + + +FIGURE 3. +Geographic distribution of + +Gravesia serratifolia + +. + + + + +Gravesia serratifolia + +is readily distinguished from its congeners by the combination of coarsely serrate leaves that are elliptic-ovate to ovate or suborbicular, basally nerved and randomly beset with a minute lepidote indumentum on both surfaces ( +Figures 1B–E +), flangelike unlobed calyx with prominent calyx teeth ( +Figures 1J, K +), and rufescent trichomes on the filaments that are mostly clustered or fascicled ( +Figures 1G–I +). Its closest relative appears to be + +G. rubra +(Jum. & H. Perrier 1911: 274) H. +Perrier (1932: 132) + +, a species that +Perrier de la Bâthie (1951) +assigned to section + +Macrophyllae + +because of its large shrubby habit and paniculate inflorescence with an elongate peduncle and well-developed branches. Both + +G. rubra + +and + +G. serratifolia + +are similar in having glabrous rounded-quadrate distal internodes, 5-nerved leaves, glabrous hypanthia, conspicuous calyx teeth, and filaments that are beset with trichomes. + +Gravesia rubra + +differs most notably in being completely glabrous and in having much larger (5−8 × +1.3−2.2 cm +) narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate leaves that are dentate and attenuate both apically and basally. It also differs from + +G. serratifolia + +in having broadly deltoid calyx lobes and filaments that are inconspicuously glandular pilose with the translucent solitary glands mostly less than +0.125 mm +long (vs. simple or rarely branched rufescent trichomes mostly less than +0.25 mm +long that are commonly clustered or fascicled). We initially considered the possibility that + +G. serratifolia + +might be a close relative of the sympatric + +G. marojejyensis +Humbert (1955: 118) + +which is also endemic to high elevations on the Marojejy massif and known only from the +type +collection. When Humbert described the latter he assigned it to + +Gravesia +sect. +Primuloideae + +based on its repent radicant suffrutescent habit with elongate internodes, few-flowered contracted umbelliform cymes, and inflorescence peduncles that are longer than the pedicels. Both + +G. serratifolia + +and + +G. marojejyensis + +share similar broadly turbinate to infundibuliform hypanthia and few-flowered inflorescences. The latter, however, does not appear to be closely related based on its broadly elliptic to nearly orbicular leaves that are coarsely denticulate, cordate at the base, conspicuously bullate on the adaxial surface, and beset with conspicuous rufescent trichomes on the elevated abaxial leaf veins and distal internodes. It also differs markedly from + +G. serratifolia + +in having a sparse cover of smooth spreading hypanthial trichomes, well-defined broadly deltoid calyx lobes, white petals with a yellowish flush on the abaxial surface, glabrous filaments, and blunt obtuse dorso-basal deflexed staminal appendages. In leaf shape and size and the few-flowered cymose inflorescences, + +G. serpens +H. +Perrier (1945: 101) + +and + +G. venusta +H. +Perrier (1932: 107) + +are somewhat reminiscent of + +G. serratifolia + +but both of these species belong to sect. + +Scandentes + +which consists of species that are consistently climbing epiphytes with clinging roots. The leaves of both of these species also differ in having consistently cordiform bases (vs. obtuse to bluntly acute or nearly rounded) and the margins are uniformly entire (vs. coarsely serrate). + + + + \ No newline at end of file