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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36160" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a72e9038-90bd-459c-807f-d562802a6593" ID-PMC="PMC6760197" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-131-115" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F078C31508C85517964EB0749ACC8231" ID-PubMed="31582888" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3458662" ModsDocID="1314-2003-131-115" checkinTime="1568689401381" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Meerow, Alan W. &amp; Cano, Asuncion" docDate="2019" docId="D6FF55168E585D7497F024041805E555" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 131: 115-126" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 131" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36160" docTitle="Ismene parviflora Meerow &amp; A. Cano 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="F078C31508C85517964EB0749ACC8231" lastPageNumber="122" masterDocId="F078C31508C85517964EB0749ACC8231" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic novelties in Amaryllidaceae from the Department of Ancash, Peru, and a new combination in Clinanthus" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="115" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1668139474743" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic novelties in Amaryllidaceae from the Department of Ancash, Peru, and a new combination in Clinanthus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Meerow, Alan W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cano, Asuncion</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>131</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>115</mods:start>
<mods:end>126</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36160</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36160</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-131-115</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F078C31508C85517964EB0749ACC8231</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3458662</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159412403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D6FF55168E585D7497F024041805E555" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6FF55168E585D7497F024041805E555" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName LSID="D6FF5516-8E58-5D74-97F0-24041805E555" authority="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Ismene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ismene parviflora" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora" status="sp. nov.">Ismene parviflora Meerow &amp; A.Cano</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="119">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-C Clinanthus inflatus. Photos by anonymous source, used with permission. A Inflorescence in habitat B bouquet of cut inflorescences C habit in nature D-F Ismene parviflora, photos by Asuncion Cano D-E flowers F habit in cultivation." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340293" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
Figs 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ismene parviflora. Drawing by Klei Sousa. A Habit B whole flower C whole flower cut open to show staminal corona and ovule number." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340297" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">, 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="120" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="120">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="120" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Ismene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ismene parviflora" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">Ismene parviflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other species of the genus by the small flowers (&lt;4 cm long), that are loosely funnelform, terminating with a ventricose limb, but not infundibular to the degree of
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. vargasii" pageId="5" pageNumber="120" rank="species" species="vargasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">I. vargasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. morrisonii" pageId="5" pageNumber="120" rank="species" species="morrisonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">I. morrisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(subgen.
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="120" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudostenomesson">Pseudostenomesson</taxonomicName>
Meerow), the latter species to which it approaches in size. All other species of
<taxonomicName authority="have large, crateriform flowers (subgen. Ismene) or large, zygomorphic flowers (subgen. Elisena)" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Ismene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subgen." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ismene" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ismene have large, crateriform flowers (subgen. Ismene) or large, zygomorphic flowers (subgen. Elisena)</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="121">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="121" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="121">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
, Ancash: Prov. Recuay, Dist. Cotaparaco, Sector Santa Cruz,, 2332 m, rocky slope with shrubs and silty soil, 6 Mar 2007.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">M. Morales &amp; E. Jara 767</emphasis>
(holotype: USM!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="122" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
Terrestrial geophytic plant from subterranean bulb. Bulb not seen. Leaves 2, oblanceolate-lorate, ca. 15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
150-170 mm, bright green, glabrous, slightly canaliculate, obtuse, tightly sheathing proximally and forming a green aerial pseudostem 40-60 mm long, synanthous. Inflorescence pseudo-umbellate, borne on a naked scape; scape ancipitous, solid, 200-250
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 18 mm, terminated by 2 ovate-lanceolate green bracts that persist at anthesis, over-topping flowers by several cm, bracts 50-55
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5-9.6 mm, acute. Flowers 3-5, mostly perpendicular to scape, loosely funnelform-tubular, shortly pedicellate, pedicels 2-3 mm long; perigone 35-37 mm long, consisting of 6 tepals in two whorls, fused proximally into a tube that is cylindrical for proximal 20 mm, ca. 1.5 mm wide, then dilating to 3.5 mm at throat; tube curved proximally; limb slightly ventricose, apically ca. 10 mm wide, tepals loosely concrescent, not spreading significantly; outer tepals elliptical, concave, mostly green abaxially, white towards apex, adaxially white with green veins in distal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
-2/3, green below, 13.5-14.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5-5.0 mm, apiculate; inner tepals ovate-elliptical, less concave than outer, 13.0-13.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.0-5.2 mm, minutely apiculate, colored like outer. Stamens 6, fused into green staminal cup 6.5-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-3.7 mm, cylindrical in proximal 6 mm, abruptly ampliate in its distal 1 mm to ca. 4 mm, coarsely and unevenly dentate at rim; free filaments inserted ca 2 mm below rim of cup, filiform, white, incurved, ca. 1 mm long; anthers oblong, closely appressed to each other but not connivant, 3.5-4.5 mm long, pollen yellow. Style exerted 10-15 mm past the limb apex, 40-45 mm long, white, filiform; stigma capitate, papillose, white, 2-3 mm wide. Ovary globose, ovules 1 or 2 per locule, basal. Capsule and seed not seen.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340297" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Ismene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ismene parviflora" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Ismene parviflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing by Klei Sousa.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">A</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">B</emphasis>
whole flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">C</emphasis>
whole flower cut open to show staminal corona and ovule number.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Ismene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ismene parviflora" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Ismene parviflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the type locality (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map of northern Peru showing type localities of Clinanthus inflatus (white circle) and Ismene parviflora (black square). Inset: map of South America with Peru filled in black." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340295" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), in seasonally dry vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Plants were collected in flower in March.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">The specific epithet is from Latin and refers to the small size of the flowers.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
Since nothing is known of the distribution of this species beyond the type locality, it is best to place it in the category Data Deficient (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B9" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1, ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge." title="IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1, ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B10" refString="IUCN, 2017. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
). The type specimen label says it was abundant at the collection site.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Ismene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ismene parviflora" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Ismene parviflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has greatest affinity morphologically to the two members of
<taxonomicName authority="subgen. Pseudostenomesson" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Ismene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subgen." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ismene" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ismene subgen. Pseudostenomesson</taxonomicName>
(Velarde) Meerow,
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. vargasii" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="species" species="vargasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">I. vargasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Velarde) Gereau &amp; Meerow and
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. morrisonii" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="species" species="morrisonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">I. morrisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Vargas) Velarde, but the unique morphology of the new species make it difficult to assign
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. parviflora" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="species" species="parviflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">I. parviflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName authority="subgen. Pseudostenomesson" genus="I." infraspecific-rank="subgen." lsidName="I." pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="genus">I. subgen. Pseudostenomesson</taxonomicName>
with confidence at this time.
<bibRefCitation author="Ravenna, P" journalOrPublisher="Onira" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="17 - 21" refId="B23" refString="Ravenna, P, 1988. Studies in the genus Stenomesson (Amaryllidaceae). Onira 1: 17 - 21" title="Studies in the genus Stenomesson (Amaryllidaceae)." volume="1" year="1988">Ravenna (1988)</bibRefCitation>
disagreed with the transfer by
<bibRefCitation author="Velarde, O" journalOrPublisher="Revista Ciencias (Lima)" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="48 - 51" refId="B28" refString="Velarde, O, 1949. Nuevo genero de Amarilidaceas. Revista Ciencias (Lima) 51: 48 - 51" title="Nuevo genero de Amarilidaceas." volume="51" year="1949">Velarde (1949)</bibRefCitation>
of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson morrisonii" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morrisonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Stenomesson morrisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vargas to
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pseudostenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudostenomesson" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Pseudostenomesson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Velarde, but based on the same information (
<bibRefCitation author="Vargas, C" journalOrPublisher="The National Horticultural Magazine" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="130 - 133" refId="B27" refString="Vargas, C, 1943. Two new bomareas and a new Stenomesson. The National Horticultural Magazine 22: 130 - 133" title="Two new bomareas and a new Stenomesson." volume="22" year="1943">Vargas 1943</bibRefCitation>
), we believe it belongs with
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. vargasii" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="species" species="vargasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">I. vargasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName authority="subgen. Pseudostenomesson" genus="I." infraspecific-rank="subgen." lsidName="I." pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="genus">I. subgen. Pseudostenomesson</taxonomicName>
. In particular, the photo in
<bibRefCitation author="Vargas, C" journalOrPublisher="The National Horticultural Magazine" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="130 - 133" refId="B27" refString="Vargas, C, 1943. Two new bomareas and a new Stenomesson. The National Horticultural Magazine 22: 130 - 133" title="Two new bomareas and a new Stenomesson." volume="22" year="1943">Vargas (1943)</bibRefCitation>
shows the typical foliar morphology of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Ismene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ismene" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Ismene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. the aerial pseudostem formed by the tightly sheathing leaf bases. The two species of subgen.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Ismene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudostenomesson">Pseudostenomesson</taxonomicName>
are found in the Departments of Junin (
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. vargasii" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="species" species="vargasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">I. vargasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Apurimac (
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. morrisonii" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="species" species="morrisonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">I. morrisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and, unlike
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. parviflora" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="species" species="parviflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">I. parviflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have larger, fully infundibular, and completely green perigones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1025.56780" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2a0ac89-57d0-4434-a935-2b553a1bf829" ID-PMC="PMC7994290" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1025-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A78E4EF5318253FA9D1953D44DEAF75D" ID-PubMed="33814943" ID-ZooBank="0E2D397811A143F68D4220BA15C44DC1" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1025-1" checkinTime="1616152318825" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Ying-jian, Yang, Lin, Ye, Fei &amp; Chen, Xiang-sheng" docDate="2021" docId="D6FF830F4EED5793A60B1A2596E71935" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1025: 1-19" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1025" docPubDate="2021-03-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1025.56780" docTitle="S. Giglio-Tos 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="A78E4EF5318253FA9D1953D44DEAF75D" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="A78E4EF5318253FA9D1953D44DEAF75D" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Arria Stal, 1877 (Mantodea, Haaniidae) from China with notes on the tribe Arriini Giglio-Tos, 1919" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668151770151" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of the genus Arria Stal, 1877 (Mantodea, Haaniidae) from China with notes on the tribe Arriini Giglio-Tos, 1919</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Ying-jian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-3422</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China &amp; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China &amp; Guizhou Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yang, Lin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China &amp; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China &amp; Guizhou Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ye, Fei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of life sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chen, Xiang-sheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China &amp; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China &amp; Guizhou Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chenxs3218@163.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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Giglio-Tos, 1919: 65;
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
(Fig.
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).
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217
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Palaearctic region (
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, D. S." journalOrPublisher="Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="6890" title="World Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxapad 2012. Database on flash-drive" year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Ukraine: all regions (
<bibRefCitation author="Atanasov, A." editor="Medvedev, G." journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="0" pageNumber="6890" title="Key to the Insects of European Territory of the USSR" year="1981">Atanasov 1981</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 9).
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>166</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>79</mods:start>
<mods:end>86</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-166-79</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8AE06F6BCD44511285167DAD3EE33655</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168714939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D6FFFEE5AE8B5BC28BFD26C03DE1A670" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6FFFEE5AE8B5BC28BFD26C03DE1A670" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName LSID="D6FFFEE5-AE8B-5BC2-8BFD-26C03DE1A670" authority="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis" status="sp. nov.">Synotis panzhouensis M.Tang &amp; H.L.Zheng</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="79">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Synotis panzhouensis (Panzhou, Guizhou, China, Z. Li &amp; M. Tang 2020 - 0901 (JXAU ))." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469163" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Synotis panzhouensis in the wild (Dazhai village, Panzhou, Guizhou, China). A habitat B general habit C portion of vegetative stem D leaf blades (left two: adaxial surface; right four: abaxial surface) E synflorescence F capitulum (top view) G capitulum (side view) H a disk floret with red-purple pappus. Scale bars: 5 mm (C); 10 cm (D); 4 mm (F); 1 cm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469164" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
China. Guizhou Province, Panzhou, Dazhai village, west of Luotuo valley, limestone mountains, 1803 m a.s.l., herbaceous tier in mixed forest,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="37.59" value="26.077108">26°04'37.59&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.40" value="104.86317">104°51'47.40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 September 2020,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Z. Li &amp; M. Tang 2020-0901</emphasis>
(holotype JXAU! isotypes GZAC! JXAU!).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469163" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Panzhou, Guizhou, China,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Z. Li &amp; M. Tang 2020-0901</emphasis>
(JXAU)).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nayongensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="nayongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. nayongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs from the latter species by its larger involucral bracts (7-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm vs. 5-6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5 mm) and phyllaries (7-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3 mm vs. 5-6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-1.5 mm), higher number of phyllaries ((7) 8 vs. 5) and disk florets (8-11 vs. 4-5), different colour of phyllaries (green vs. white with green apex) and pappus (red-purple vs. white).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469164" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the wild (Dazhai village, Panzhou, Guizhou, China).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
habitat
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">B</emphasis>
general habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">C</emphasis>
portion of vegetative stem
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">D</emphasis>
leaf blades (left two: adaxial surface; right four: abaxial surface)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">E</emphasis>
synflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">F</emphasis>
capitulum (top view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">G</emphasis>
capitulum (side view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">H</emphasis>
a disk floret with red-purple pappus. Scale bars: 5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">C</emphasis>
); 10 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">D</emphasis>
); 4 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">F</emphasis>
); 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">G, H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469165" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Jeffrey &amp; Y. L. Chen" authorityYear="1984" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis nayongensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nayongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis nayongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the wild (Luzui village, Nayong, Guizhou,China).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
habitat
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">B</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">C</emphasis>
portion of vegetative stem
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">D</emphasis>
leaf blades from the adaxil view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">E</emphasis>
synflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">F</emphasis>
portion of synflorescence (side view, note the white phyllaries with green apex, and also note the white pappus). Scale bars: 5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">C</emphasis>
); 6 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
Perennial herbs, erect, rhizomatous. Rhizome thick, horizontal. Vegetative stem solitary, erect, 20-35 cm, densely white or ferruginous setulose. Flowering stem solitary, erect, scapiform, 30-60 cm tall, shortly branching, fulvous tomentose. Leaves rosulate at the base of fertile shoot; petioles 1-1.5 cm long, not winged, slightly expanded at base; blades oblanceolate or obovate, 10-18
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-5 cm, papyraceous, abaxially sparsely arachnoid, glabrescent or subglabrous, adaxially scattered setulose, pinnately veined, lateral veins 12-16, arcuate-ascending, base cuneate, margin shallowly sinuate-apiculate or repand-apiculate, apex subacute-acuminate. Stem leaves on reproductive shoots few, narrowly lanceolate, remote, much smaller. Capitula discoid, numerous, arranged in an attenuate narrowly paniculoid thyrse; pedicels 3-5 mm, fulvous tomentose, 1- or 2- bracteate; bracts below capitula linear, 5-10 mm long. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 7-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 3-5, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, 1/4-1/3 as long as phyllaries; phyllaries (7) 8, narrowly oblong, 2-3 mm wide, herbaceous, green, margin narrowly scarious, glabrous, not veined, apically triangular, obtuse. Ray florets absent. Disk florets 8-11; corolla yellow, 8-10 mm, with tube 7-8 mm long, limb narrowly funnelform, somewhat exserted from involucre; lobes oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 mm long, apically acute. Anthers 3.5-4 mm long, anther tails equaling anther-collars; appendages lanceolate; anther-collars balusterform, basally dilated. Style branches 1.8-2 mm long, covered with long marginal papillae and often with a central tuft not conspicuously longer. Achenes ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pappus 8-10 mm long, red-purple.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to southwestern Guizhou, China (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Record of Synotis panzhouensis." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">4</figureCitation>
); to date, only known from the type population.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Record of
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Growing in mixed forest with other herbs in limestone mountains at an elevation of ~1800 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Flowering from late August to September; fruiting October.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">The specific epithet is derived from Panzhou, the type locality of the species. The Chinese name is '盘州合耳菊 (Pan zhou he er ju)'.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
As shown in Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Synotis panzhouensis (Panzhou, Guizhou, China, Z. Li &amp; M. Tang 2020 - 0901 (JXAU ))." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469163" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">1</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Synotis nayongensis in the wild (Luzui village, Nayong, Guizhou, China). A habitat B habit C portion of vegetative stem D leaf blades from the adaxil view E synflorescence F portion of synflorescence (side view, note the white phyllaries with green apex, and also note the white pappus). Scale bars: 5 mm (C); 6 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.166.58654.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469165" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">3</figureCitation>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nayongensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="nayongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. nayongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the oblanceolate or obovate rosulate leaves at the base of synflorescence, the narrow paniculoid thyrse and absence of ray florets. However, we detected significant differences between the two species as listed in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of Synotis panzhouensis and S. nayongensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/31E01109C61C766F94B84168ECEA7E46" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" tableUuid="31E01109C61C766F94B84168ECEA7E46">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only distributed in Panzhou, southwestern Guizhou, China, while
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nayongensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="nayongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. nayongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mainly distributed around northwestern Guizhou (
<bibRefCitation author="Ruan, YQ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Gansu Agricultural University" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="112 - 123" refId="B6" refString="Ruan, YQ, Liu, YL, Wu, XH, Yu, F, Tang, M, 2020. A newly recorded species and clarification of the distribution record of another species within Synotis in Yunnan. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University 55 (2): 112 - 123" title="A newly recorded species and clarification of the distribution record of another species within Synotis in Yunnan." volume="55" year="2020">Ruan et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
), with its type locality in Nayong, a county located 200 km NE from Panzhou.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="31E01109C61C766F94B84168ECEA7E46" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/31E01109C61C766F94B84168ECEA7E46" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Table 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nayongensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="nayongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. nayongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nayongensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="nayongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. nayongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Indumentum of vegetative stem</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">densely white to ferruginous setulose</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">sparsely pubescent, glabrescent to glabrous</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Petioles</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">1-1.5 cm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">petiole 1-2.5 cm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Leaf blades</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">adaxially green or purple</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">adaxially green</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Flowering stem</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">fulvous tomentose, not glabrescent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">thinly tomentose, glabrescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Involucres</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
7-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
5-6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5 mm
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Phyllaries</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
(7) 8, 7-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3 mm, green, not veined
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
5, 5-6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-1.5 mm, white, apex green, conspicuously 3-5-veined
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Disk florets</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">8-11, deep yellow, lamina yellow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">4-5, yellowish, lamina yellow-whitish, apex green when young</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Anthers</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">red-purple</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">yellow-whitish</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Achenes</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">ca. 2 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">ca. 4 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Pappus</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">red-purple</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">white</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
From all other species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. panzhouensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very distinct in the red-purple pappus. According to our observation of the plants
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">in vivo</emphasis>
, as well as a critical examination of taxa throughout the genus, most species (~50 spp.) have white pappus. Five species in sect.
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. subsp. ser." pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="series" series="Fulvipapposae">S. ser. Fulvipapposae</taxonomicName>
C.Jeffrey &amp; Y.L.Chen often have white or stramineous pappus, which is consistent with the descriptions reported by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4110124" author="Jeffrey, C" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="205 - 446" refId="B3" refString="Jeffrey, C, Chen, YL, 1984. Taxonomic studies on the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) of Eastern Asia. Kew Bulletin 39 (2): 205 - 446, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4110124" title="Taxonomic studies on the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) of Eastern Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4110124" volume="39" year="1984">Jeffrey and Chen (1984)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, YL" editor="Chen, YL" journalOrPublisher="77. Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 326" refId="B1" refString="Chen, YL, 1999. Senecioneae Cass. In: Chen, YL, Ed., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 77. Science Press, Beijing: 1 - 326" title="Senecioneae Cass." volumeTitle="Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol." year="1999">Chen (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, YL" editor="Wu, ZY" journalOrPublisher="20 - 21. Science Press, Beijing &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="489 - 505" refId="B2" refString="Chen, YL, Nordenstam, B, Jeffrey, C, 2011. Synotis (C.B.Clarke) C.Jeffrey &amp; Y.L.Chen. In: Wu, ZY, Raven, PH, Eds., Flora of China, vol. 20-21. Science Press, Beijing &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis: 489 - 505" title="Synotis (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey &amp; Y. L. Chen." volumeTitle="Flora of China, vol." year="2011">Chen et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. The pappus colour of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vaniotii" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="vaniotii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. vaniotii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévl">Levl</normalizedToken>
.) C.Jeffrey &amp; Y.L.Chen and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. palmatisecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="palmatisecta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. palmatisecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Y.L.Chen &amp; D.J.Liu were described as rubescent, but this might be the result of inattentive observation, for both of the species were found with white, or rarely pale brown pappus during our field and herbarium observations. It is noteworthy to mention that
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chenopodiifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="chenopodiifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. chenopodiifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DC.) M.Tang, C.Ren &amp; Q.E.Yang, a species always reported with brown or yellow pappus, has been reported with a dark purple pappus in a population in Gyirong County (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00574" author="Tang, M" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="824 - 835" refId="B12" refString="Tang, M, Ren, C, Yang, QE, 2014. Parasenecio chenopodiifolius (Compositae - Senecioneae) is a Synotis and conspecific with S. otophylla based on evidence from morphology, cytology and ITS/ETS sequence data. Nordic Journal of Botany 32 (6): 824 - 835, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00574" title="Parasenecio chenopodiifolius (Compositae - Senecioneae) is a Synotis and conspecific with S. otophylla based on evidence from morphology, cytology and ITS / ETS sequence data." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00574" volume="32" year="2014">Tang et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
), but such variation is rather atypical in the species.
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang, C. Ren &amp; Q. E. Yang" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis chenopodiifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chenopodiifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis chenopodiifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a plant to 80-180 cm with triangular-ovate or triangular-hastate leaves and a capitulum with 5 phyllaries, 2 or 3(-4) disk florets, and it obviously differs from the leaf characters and capitulum characters as seen in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. panzhouensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
Morphologically, following the characters and delimitation of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4110124" author="Jeffrey, C" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="205 - 446" refId="B3" refString="Jeffrey, C, Chen, YL, 1984. Taxonomic studies on the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) of Eastern Asia. Kew Bulletin 39 (2): 205 - 446, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4110124" title="Taxonomic studies on the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) of Eastern Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4110124" volume="39" year="1984">Jeffrey and Chen (1984)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Tang, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Gansu Agricultural University" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refId="B8" refString="Tang, M, 2014. A Systematic Study of the Genus Synotis (Compositae-Senecioneae). PhD thesis. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. [In Chinese]" title="A Systematic Study of the Genus Synotis (Compositae-Senecioneae). PhD thesis. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. [In Chinese]" year="2014">Tang (2014)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. panzhouensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is best referred to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis subsp. ser." order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="series" section="Synotis" series="Synotis">Synotis sect. Synotis ser. Synotis</taxonomicName>
due to the leaves gathered at the apex of the vegetative stem and its terminal inflorescence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="iucn red list category">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">IUCN Red List Category.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Tang &amp; H. L. Zheng" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synotis panzhouensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synotis panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in a single location with an extremely small population in Panzhou, southwestern Guizhou, China. Due to the remote distance and difficult and dangerous accessibility to the type locality, the population was not disturbed by human activity and currently appears to be growing very well. However, according to our observation, the population comprises no more than 100 plants, and with a small geographical range of no more than 1000 m2, we recommend that
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. panzhouensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="panzhouensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. panzhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
be categorized as Critically Endangered (CR) using criteria B and C following the IUCN Red List categories (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Gansu Agricultural University" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B7" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 14 [EB/OL]. 2020-04-10. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 14 [EB / OL]. 2020 - 04 - 10. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>