diff --git a/data/03/B6/87/03B68783312AFFDAFF0F7AE3FBB1FED7.xml b/data/03/B6/87/03B68783312AFFDAFF0F7AE3FBB1FED7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be783e7a1fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B6/87/03B68783312AFFDAFF0F7AE3FBB1FED7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+
+
+
+Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hamer, Matthew T.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tse, Cheung Yau Leo
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Silva, Thiago S. R.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Guénard, Benoit
+
+text
+
+
+Asian Myrmecology
+
+
+2022
+
+e 015006
+
+
+2022-04-04
+
+
+15
+
+
+1
+152
+
+
+
+
+http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
+
+journal article
+10.20362/am.015006
+2462-2362
+15473703
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Mesoponera javana
+(
+Forel, 1905
+)
+
+stat. n.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Euponera
+(
+Mesoponera
+)
+rubra
+var.
+javana
+Forel, 1905: 6
+
+
+(q.m)
+
+
+
+Combination in
+
+Pachycondyla
+
+: Brown, 1995: 306.
+
+
+Combination in
+
+Mesoponera
+
+: Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014: 111.
+
+
+Subspecies of
+
+Mesoponera rubra
+
+:
+Emery, 1911: 81
+;
+Wheeler, 1924: 242
+; Karavaiev, 1926: 419;
+Chapman & Capco, 1951
+;
+
+Bolton
+, 1995: 306
+
+.
+
+
+Senior synonym of
+
+Mesoponera rubra minirubra
+
+:
+Özdikmen, 2010
+(unnecessary replacement name)
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Queen
+and worker, Lower
+Peirce
+,
+
+7 May 2017
+
+,
+G.W. Yong
+leg.,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00027967
+
+;
+
+Bukit Timah forest
+,
+
+26 Nov 1969
+
+,
+D.H. Murphy
+leg.,
+ZRC
+_ HYM_0000832;
+
+
+Upper Thomson Nature Park
+,
+
+19 Oct 2016
+
+,
+G.W. Yong
+et al. leg.,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00057834
+
+.
+
+
+Material not physically examined.
+Unknown
+
+
+Literature.
+None. New record.
+
+
+Localities.
+Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Lower Peirce; Upper Thomson Nature Park.
+
+
+
+
+Habitat/Ecology.
+Individuals were found in either primary or old/mature secondary forests in
+Singapore
+, usually in leaf litter or in soil at bases of trees. In one instance, workers were collected under bark of a rotting log, in wet sand.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+
+Mesoponera javana
+
+resembles
+
+M. rubra
+
+, but is generally smaller – the queen of
+
+M. javana
+
+is either similar in size to or smaller than the worker of
+
+M. rubra
+
+. The workers of
+
+M. javana
+
+can also be differentiated from
+
+M. rubra
+
+based on the following (
+
+M. rubra
+
+traits in parentheses): 1) median part of clypeus produced anteriorly as a broad, subtriangular lobe with median apical point and distinct rounded, translucent lamellate edge (median part of clypeus weakly produced anteriorly as a shallow, broadly convex lobe with indistinct lamellate edge), 2) eye relatively larger and closer to anterior margin of head, shortest distance of eye to mandibular insertions less than 2x eye length (eye relatively smaller and further away from anterior margin of head, shortest distance of eye to mandibular insertion more than or equal to 2x eye length).
+
+Condition of the clypeus, i.e., character (1) previously mentioned, can be used to differentiate between queens of the two species as well, besides body size.
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B6/87/03B68783312CFFDCFF0F7883FBE5FBB8.xml b/data/03/B6/87/03B68783312CFFDCFF0F7883FBE5FBB8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d372c9cba37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B6/87/03B68783312CFFDCFF0F7883FBE5FBB8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+
+
+
+Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hamer, Matthew T.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tse, Cheung Yau Leo
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Silva, Thiago S. R.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Guénard, Benoit
+
+text
+
+
+Asian Myrmecology
+
+
+2022
+
+e 015006
+
+
+2022-04-04
+
+
+15
+
+
+1
+152
+
+
+
+
+http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
+
+journal article
+10.20362/am.015006
+2462-2362
+15473703
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Hypoponera javana
+(
+Forel, 1905
+)
+
+stat. n.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Ponera confinis
+var.
+javana
+Forel, 1905: 6
+
+
+(w.q.)
+
+
+
+Combination in
+
+Hypoponera
+
+:
+
+Bolton
+, 1995: 215
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Subspecies of
+
+Hypoponera confinis
+
+:
+Forel, 1907a: 17
+;
+Forel, 1911a: 194
+; Emery,con 1911: 90;
+Wheeler, 1919: 57
+;
+Wheeler, 1924: 242
+;
+Wheeler & Chapman, 1925: 69
+;
+Wheeler, 1937: 21
+;
+Chapman & Capco, 1951: 69
+;
+Baltazar, 1966: 246
+;
+
+Bolton
+, 1995: 215
+
+;
+Pfeiffer et al., 2011: 56
+.
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Kent
+Ridge
+,
+
+25 Apr 1985
+
+,
+D.H. Murphy
+leg., DHM-SG85-
+Hypo
+4,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00027998
+
+;
+
+Mandai Lake
+Road,
+Northern Node
+, 1°24’36.5”N, 103°47’04.0”,
+
+53 m
+
+,
+
+18 Jul 2019
+
+,
+J.S. Tan
+& N.L.
+Chin
+leg.,
+Winkler
+extraction,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00028303
+
+;
+
+queen and workers,
+Namly Avenue
+(kampong),
+
+28 Apr 1985
+
+,
+D.H. Murphy
+leg., DHM-SG85-
+Hypo
+3,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00027997
+
+.
+
+
+Material not physically examined.
+Unknown.
+
+
+Literature.
+Forel (1907) [as
+
+Ponera confinis
+javana
+
+].
+
+
+Localities.
+Kent
+Ridge;
+
+Mandai
+Lake
+
+Road; Namly Avenue.
+
+
+
+
+Habitat/Ecology.
+This species was found in young or mature secondary forest, often disturbed fragments in semi-urban settings close to man-made infrastructure. In one instance, the ants were found nesting under brick. Usually, individuals were collected from leaf litter and topsoil substrate.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+
+Hypoponera javana
+
+was originally described as a subspecies of
+
+H. confinis
+
+(then known as ‘
+
+Ponera
+confinis’
+
+). Workers of both species appear very similar, but can be distinguished based on the following (
+
+H. confinis
+
+characters in parentheses): 1) head wider with broadly convex sides, slightly narrowed anteriorly (head less wide with almost parallel sides, not narrowed anteriorly), 2) antennal scapes reaching posterior margin of head (antennal scapes not reaching posterior margin of head), 3) petiole shorter in dorsal view, thinner in profile (petiole longer and nearly reniform in dorsal view, thicker in profile), 4) propodeal dorsum relatively short, not much longer than wide, distinctly shorter than declivitous slope in profile (propodeal dorsum long, distinctly longer than wide, as long as or slightly longer than propodeal declivity).
+
+
+The queen of
+
+H. javana
+
+can also be separated from that of
+
+H. confinis
+
+by its more distinctly angulate propodeal junction and longer, more sharply truncate propodeal slope.
+
+
+
+Hypoponera javana
+
+closely resembles
+
+Hypoponera singaporensis
+Viehmeyer, 1916
+
+stat. n., which was also originally described as a subspecies of
+
+H. confinis
+
+. Differences between the two species are discussed under Remarks for
+
+H. singaporensis
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B6/87/03B68783312FFFDFFF677E83FBEFFB97.xml b/data/03/B6/87/03B68783312FFFDFFF677E83FBEFFB97.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b71480974f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B6/87/03B68783312FFFDFFF677E83FBEFFB97.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+
+
+
+Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hamer, Matthew T.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tse, Cheung Yau Leo
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Silva, Thiago S. R.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Guénard, Benoit
+
+text
+
+
+Asian Myrmecology
+
+
+2022
+
+e 015006
+
+
+2022-04-04
+
+
+15
+
+
+1
+152
+
+
+
+
+http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
+
+journal article
+10.20362/am.015006
+2462-2362
+15473703
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Hypoponera singaporensis
+(
+Viehmeyer, 1916
+)
+
+stat. n.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Ponera confinis
+var.
+singaporensis
+Viehmeyer, 1916: 115
+
+
+(w.q.)
+
+
+
+Combination in
+
+Hypoponera
+
+:
+
+Bolton
+, 1995: 216
+
+.
+
+
+Subspecies of
+
+Hypoponera confinis
+
+:
+Chapman & Capco, 1951: 69
+;
+
+Bolton
+, 1995: 216
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Labrador
+beach,
+
+29 Apr 1985
+
+,
+D.H. Murphy
+leg., DHM-SG85-
+Hypo
+1,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00027995
+
+.
+
+
+Material not physically examined.
+
+Types
+– FOCOL0356-357 (
+DEIC
+); queen and workers, FOCOL0985-988 (
+ZMHB
+)
+
+.
+
+
+Literature.
+Type
+–
+Viehmeyer (1916)
+.
+Overbeck (1924)
+[both as
+
+Ponera confinis
+singaporensis
+
+].
+
+
+Localities.
+Bukit Timah Road [
+type
+]; Labrador beach.
+
+
+
+
+Habitat/Ecology.
+Type
+specimens of this species were found in a garden, specifically in the wet pulp of a large fungus on a termite-infested tree, also in the rotten wood of a decaying branch. Individuals were also collected from a considerably rocky beach, in close proximity to coastal beach forest.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+Type
+locality in
+Singapore
+. Originally described as a subspecies of
+
+H. confinis
+
+, workers of
+
+H. singaporensis
+
+can be differentiated from those of the former by points (1) – (3) mentioned in Remarks under
+
+H. javana
+
+. In addition,
+
+H. singaporensis
+
+workers are darker in colour and visibly more shiny than those of
+
+H. confinis
+
+. The propodeal junction in
+
+H. singaporensis
+
+workers is also less sharply angular and more ill-defined than that of
+
+H. confinis
+
+, because of a slightly bulging sclerite.
+
+
+
+Hypoponera singaporensis
+
+can be distinguished from
+
+H. javana
+
+based on the following (
+
+H. javana
+
+traits in parentheses): 1) in workers, propodeum distinctly longer than wide, propodeal dorsum as long as or slightly longer than declivitous slope in profile (propodeal dorsum relatively shorter, not much longer than wide, propodeal dorsum shorter than declivitous slope), 2) in queens, propodeal junction mirrors that of workers, rounded and ill-defined (propodeal junction distinctly angulate and well-defined).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B6/87/03B687833167FF96FD4B7F5CFC68FDB7.xml b/data/03/B6/87/03B687833167FF96FD4B7F5CFC68FDB7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9ce1695c27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B6/87/03B687833167FF96FD4B7F5CFC68FDB7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+
+
+
+Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hamer, Matthew T.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tse, Cheung Yau Leo
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Silva, Thiago S. R.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Guénard, Benoit
+
+text
+
+
+Asian Myrmecology
+
+
+2022
+
+e 015006
+
+
+2022-04-04
+
+
+15
+
+
+1
+152
+
+
+
+
+http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378
+
+journal article
+10.20362/am.015006
+2462-2362
+15473703
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Paraparatrechina malaccana
+(
+Viehmeyer, 1916
+)
+
+stat. n.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Prenolepis
+(
+Nylanderia
+)
+butteli
+subsp.
+malaccana
+Viehmeyer, 1916: 147
+
+
+(w.)
+
+
+
+Combination in
+
+Paratrechina
+(
+Nylanderia
+)
+
+:
+Emery 1925: 220
+.
+
+
+
+
+Combination in
+
+Paraparatrechina
+
+:
+LaPolla et al. 2010: 128
+.
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+MacRitchie Reservoir
+,
+
+9 Jan 2014
+
+,
+Sk. Yamane
+leg., SG14-SKY-39,
+ZRC
+_HYM_0000439;
+
+
+Island Club forest
+(sic; in
+MacRitchie Reservoir
+),
+
+20 May 1985
+
+,
+D.H. Murphy
+leg.,
+ZRC
+_HYM_0000774;
+
+
+Central Catchment Nature Reserve
+,
+
+10 Sep 2011
+
+,
+E.J.Y. Soh
+leg.,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00048008
+;
+
+
+Upper Thomson Nature Park
+,
+Sep-Oct
+2016,
+G.W. Yong
+et al. leg.,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00057813-57817
+;
+
+
+Bukit Batok
+East Avenue
+6,
+
+27-29 Sep 2016
+
+,
+G.W. Yong
+et al. leg.,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00049050
+,
+57818
+;
+
+
+Mandai Road
+,
+Nov-Dec
+2016,
+G.W. Yong
+et al. leg.,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00057819-57821
+;
+
+
+Sunset Way
+,
+
+22 Aug 2016
+
+,
+G.W. Yong
+leg.,
+ZRC
+_
+ENT00049056-49057
+
+.
+
+
+Material not physically examined.
+Unknown.
+
+
+Literature.
+None. New record.
+
+
+Localities.
+Bukit Batok; Central Catchment Nature Reserve; MacRitchie Reservoir; Mandai Road; Sunset Way; Upper Thomson Nature Park.
+
+
+
+
+Habitat/Ecology.
+This species was found in both young and old/mature secondary forest, largely on shrubs or foliage. Individuals were sometimes collected by manual beating of vegetation, and in one instance, in a pitfall trap.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+
+Paraparatrechina malaccana
+
+was originally recognized as a subspecies of
+
+P. butteli
+(Forel, 1913)
+
+. Based on our assessment of local specimens and comparisons with online
+type
+images and original descriptions, we believe that the subspecies
+
+malaccana
+
+is distinct from
+
+P. butteli
+
+and should be raised to species.
+
+
+Workers of both species can be differentiated based on the following (
+
+P. butteli
+
+traits in parentheses): 1) head rounded in full-face view, sides convex, eyes very wide apart from each other, positioned above transverse midline of head (head more elongate-oval, longer than wide, eyes positioned at transverse midline of head), 2) head with bluish-green sheen, rest of body mostly brownish with a faintly-metallic purple or violet sheen (head and body largely uniformly blackish brown or brown and shiny, but shimmer not coloured as in
+
+P. malaccana
+
+), 3) meso- and meta- pleura mostly smooth and shining (same lateral faces finely reticulate and weakly shining), 4) mid- and hind tibiae and tarsi pale-whitish, distal ends of femora articulating with those tibiae also distinctly pale-whitish, tibiae with faint traces of brown – intensity of brown traces varies among individuals (mid- and hind tibiae brown, distal ends of femora mostly pale-brown and not strongly contrasting with rest of brown femur, tarsi pale-whitish).
+
+
+We have also observed isometric size polymorphism amongst individuals from the same sample, with the smallest individuals of total length ~
+1mm
+, and larger individuals about
+1.5 – 2 mm
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/48/35/9F/48359F06FF9A5D3AFE4D007FF1DA9C3E.xml b/data/48/35/9F/48359F06FF9A5D3AFE4D007FF1DA9C3E.xml
index cd428784a2b..560ab6e340c 100644
--- a/data/48/35/9F/48359F06FF9A5D3AFE4D007FF1DA9C3E.xml
+++ b/data/48/35/9F/48359F06FF9A5D3AFE4D007FF1DA9C3E.xml
@@ -1,118 +1,121 @@
-
-
-
-Are the chromosomal fusions that shaped the karyotype of Tetranematichthys wallacei (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) a shared feature among Ageneiosini species?
+
+
+
+Are the chromosomal fusions that shaped the karyotype of Tetranematichthys wallacei (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) a shared feature among Ageneiosini species?
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Casarotto, Cleisson de Cristo
-Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
-cleisson_casarotto@hotmail.com
+Casarotto, Cleisson de Cristo
+Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
+cleisson_casarotto@hotmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Haerter, Chrystian Aparecido Grillo
-Laboratório de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69060 - 001 Manaus, AM, Brazil. (CAGH) chrystianhaerter @ gmail. com.
-chrystianhaerter@gmail.com
+Haerter, Chrystian Aparecido Grillo
+Laboratório de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69060 - 001 Manaus, AM, Brazil. (CAGH) chrystianhaerter @ gmail. com.
+chrystianhaerter@gmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Perin, Diana Paula
-Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020 - 900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (DPP) dianapaulaperin @ gmail. com.
-dianapaulaperin@gmail.com
+Perin, Diana Paula
+Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020 - 900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (DPP) dianapaulaperin @ gmail. com.
+dianapaulaperin@gmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Jesus, Letícia Marchiotti de
-Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
-leti.mj21@gmail.com
+Jesus, Letícia Marchiotti de
+Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
+leti.mj21@gmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Antoniazzi, Gabrielle Jovana
-Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
-gabrielle_antoniazzi@hotmail.com
+Antoniazzi, Gabrielle Jovana
+Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
+gabrielle_antoniazzi@hotmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Blanco, Daniel Rodrigues
-Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Rua Cerejeira, 85892 - 000 Santa Helena, PR, Brazil. (DRB) danielrblanco @ utfpr. edu. br.
-danielrblanco@utfpr.edu.br
+Blanco, Daniel Rodrigues
+Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Rua Cerejeira, 85892 - 000 Santa Helena, PR, Brazil. (DRB) danielrblanco @ utfpr. edu. br.
+danielrblanco@utfpr.edu.br
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Treco, Fernando Rodrigo
-Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Francisco Beltrão, Rua Maringá, 1200, 85605 - 010 Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil. (FRT) fertreco @ yahoo. com. br.
-fertreco@yahoo.com.br
+Treco, Fernando Rodrigo
+Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Francisco Beltrão, Rua Maringá, 1200, 85605 - 010 Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil. (FRT) fertreco @ yahoo. com. br.
+fertreco@yahoo.com.br
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Margarido, Vladimir Pavan
-Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
-vladimir.margarido@unioeste.br
+Margarido, Vladimir Pavan
+Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
+vladimir.margarido@unioeste.br
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Traldi, Josiane Baccarin
-Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 1200, 69067 - 005 Manaus, AM, Brazil. (JBT) jositraldi @ hotmail. com. & Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
-jositraldi@hotmail.com
+Traldi, Josiane Baccarin
+Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 1200, 69067 - 005 Manaus, AM, Brazil. (JBT) jositraldi @ hotmail. com. & Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619, 85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil. (CCC) cleisson _ casarotto @ hotmail. com, (LMJ) leti. mj 21 @ gmail. com, (GJA) gabrielle _ antoniazzi @ hotmail. com, (VPM) vladimir. margarido @ unioeste. br, (RLL) roberto. lui @ unioeste. br (corresponding author).
+jositraldi@hotmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Lui, Roberto Laridondo
-Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619,85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
-roberto.lui@unioeste.br
+Lui, Roberto Laridondo
+Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 1619,85819 - 110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
+roberto.lui@unioeste.br
-text
-
-
-Neotropical Ichthyology
+text
+
+
+Neotropical Ichthyology
-
-2024
-
-2024-07-22
+
+2024
+
+2024-07-22
-
-22
+
+22
-
-2
+
+2
-
-e 240015
-e 240015
+
+e 240015
+e 240015
-
-https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0015
+
+https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0015
-journal article
-10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0015
-1982-0224
+journal article
+310019
+10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0015
+9f20e62f-f81c-40e6-a888-7cf1c5604aba
+1982-0224
+15521796
-
+
The diploid number observed for
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@
was 2n = 52 chromosomes (
32m
+ 18sm + 2st, NF = 104), with no differences between the sexes (
-Fig. 2A
+Fig. 2A
). Most heterochromatic blocks appeared pale and were located at the terminal regions; however, some pericentromeric blocks were also observed in pairs
2m
,
@@ -140,9 +143,9 @@ was 2n = 52 chromosomes (
,
5m
, 18sm, and 20sm (
-Fig. 2B
+Fig. 2B
). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probes revealed markings at the terminal positions on the long arm of pair 17sm in all analyzed specimens (
-Fig. 3A
+Fig. 3A
). Additionally, three individuals (
two males
and
@@ -150,19 +153,19 @@ and
) exhibited an additional 18S rDNA site on a single chromosome of pair
7m
, located at the terminal position of its short arm (
-Fig. 3A
+Fig. 3A
, in box). No specimen in our sample exhibited two pairs completely marked (four chromosomes) with the 18S rDNA probes. The AgNORs were coincident with the 18S rDNA sites on pair 17 (
-Fig. 2A
+Fig. 2A
, in box). FISHs with 5S rDNA probes showed this cistron is located at the proximal position of the short arm at the pairs
8m
and
10m
(
-Fig. 3A
+Fig. 3A
). FISH with the telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)
n
revealed markings exclusively at the terminal regions, with no presence of interstitial telomeric sites (ITS) (
-Fig. 3B
+Fig. 3B
).