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<document id="087F7615C1BF1826657D8D64A82E7A48" ID-DOI="10.1649/857.1" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1630177731816" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Van Dam, Matthew, Van Dam, Alex &amp; Wilcox, Michael D." docDate="2006" docId="03DF87D539094D1DFF6CFC3DD186F9F5" docLanguage="en" docName="857.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 60 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/857.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07711681861DB98305E87147CAB6DAD5.4:TheColeopBull.2003-2009.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="07711681861DB98305E87147CAB6DAD5" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2003-2009.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Megasoma sleeperi Hardy 1972" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFE6FFAD39094D1FFFABFFCCD05EFFD7" masterDocTitle="Description of the Third-instar Larva and Adult Male of Megasoma sleeperi Hardy (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1744374629706" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FBACDFD9FBAF72C8DF1B63C94403A0E2">Description of the Third-instar Larva and Adult Male of Megasoma sleeperi Hardy (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20967E0A41B1162A900C6EF3523CC5D4">Van Dam, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B9D5F6ED12BA802FC808C98002B1CC58">Van Dam, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AC810490DE5B93A4712DBEE9633AE9A">Wilcox, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="524C03BC24DAEBCCA13AC475A3F0B323">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="895C73DF8BBF72C11ED84F87241DBAE1">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DF87D539094D1DFF6CFC3DD186F9F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87D539094D1DFF6CFC3DD186F9F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87D539094D1DFF6CFC3DD186F9F5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<subSubSection id="C36C654839094D1FFF6CFC3DD253FBD1" box="[199,525,1009,1030]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC936C339094D1FFF6CFC3DD253FBD1" blockId="0.[175,1005,1009,1269]" box="[199,525,1009,1030]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFF6CFC3DD253FBD1" authority="Hardy (1972)" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1972" box="[199,525,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sleeperi">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFF6CFC3DD1DCFBD1" box="[199,386,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Megasoma sleeperi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3239094D1FFE21FC3DD253FBD1" author="Hardy" box="[394,525,1009,1030]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="765 - 777" refId="ref2805" refString="Hardy, A. R. 1972. A brief revision of the North and Central American species of Megasoma (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae). Canadian Entomologist 104: 765 - 777." type="journal article" year="1972">Hardy (1972)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36C654839094D1EFDBFFC3DD38CFF25" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BC936C339094D1FFDBFFC3DD327FB22" blockId="0.[175,1005,1009,1269]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
is the northernmost species of
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFC94FC3DD17BFBF6" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFC94FC3DD3F9FBD1" box="[831,935,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Megasoma</emphasis>
Kirby. This species
</taxonomicName>
is associated with sandy washes and dune habitat bordering the Imperial Valley of Southern
<collectingRegion id="49B2F82139094D1FFE29FBEAD1BAFBEC" box="[386,484,1062,1083]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">California</collectingRegion>
, and is strongly associated with palo verde trees (
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFF1CFB8DD190FB81" authority="A. Gray" authorityName="A. Gray" box="[183,462,1089,1110]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cercidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floridum">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFF1CFB8DD12AFB81" box="[183,372,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Cercidium floridum</emphasis>
A. Gray
</taxonomicName>
). The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFDC1FB8DD289FB81" box="[618,727,1089,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sleeperi">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFDC1FB8DD289FB81" box="[618,727,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M. sleeperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feed on the rotting wood of this tree in captivity, as observed by Richard Cunningham, pers. comm. and Ted Rado, pers. comm. The larvae in the wild presumably feed on rotting Palo Verde, and other detritus they find buried in the sand. The previously undescribed third instar larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFF04FB67D143FB17" box="[175,285,1195,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sleeperi">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFF04FB67D143FB17" box="[175,285,1195,1216]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M. sleeperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described in this article. Three adult males were collected in the same locality as the larvae. Though pictures of the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFD79FB0AD31FFB0C" box="[722,833,1222,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sleeperi">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFD79FB0AD31FFB0C" box="[722,833,1222,1243]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M. sleeperi</emphasis>
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have been taken
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3239094D1FFF04FB2CD105FB22" author="Lachaume" box="[175,347,1248,1269]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref2839" refString="Lachaume, G. 1985. Dynastini 1: Dynastes - Megasoma - Golofa. Les Coleopteres du Monde 5: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1985">Lachaume (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, no thorough description has been written for the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936C339094D1FFD8AFAE7D224FA97" blockId="0.[545,634,1323,1344]" box="[545,634,1323,1344]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFD8AFAE7D224FA97" bold="true" box="[545,634,1323,1344]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Methods</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936C339094D1FFF6CFA98D3B2F9F4" blockId="0.[175,1005,1364,1571]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
The following description is based upon three third-instar larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFC2FFA98D0A4FA54" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sleeperi">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFC2FFA98D0A4FA54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Megasoma sleeperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that were hatched in captivity from eggs obtained from adult females. The females were collected in drainages dominated by Palo Verde trees in the vicinity of Glamis, Imperial Co.,
<collectingRegion id="49B2F82139094D1FFE2EFA6FD1BAFA6F" box="[389,484,1443,1464]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">California</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F361765339094D1FFE40FA6FD240FA6F" box="[491,542,1443,1464]" name="United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
. The adults were attracted to mercury vapor and blacklights between dusk, and approximately 11:00 pm. The larvae were raised using mulch of leaves of Coast Live Oak, a non-native plant species to the area. Characters used to describe the larvae can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3239094D1FFD2AFA3FD34AF9DF" author="Ritcher" box="[641,788,1523,1544]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="128 - 159" refId="ref2956" refString="Ritcher, P. O. 1966. White grubs and their allies. Studies in Entomology 4. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. 128 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1966">Ritcher (1966)</bibRefCitation>
. The comparisons of
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFF04F9C2D144F9F4" box="[175,282,1550,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sleeperi">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFF04F9C2D144F9F4" box="[175,282,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M. sleeperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFEE2F9C2D35AF9F5" authority="Bolivar y Pieltain et al. (1963)" authorityName="Bolivar y Pieltain" authorityYear="1963" box="[329,772,1549,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFEE2F9C2D185F9F4" box="[329,475,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">M. occidentalis</emphasis>
Bolivar y Pieltain
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFD24F9C2D2E1F9F4" box="[655,703,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(1963)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4039094D1FFC98F9C2D3B2F9F4" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1972" box="[819,1004,1550,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cedrosa">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139094D1FFC98F9C2D3B2F9F4" box="[819,1004,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Megasoma cedrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936C339084D1EFF3FFF0ED38CFF25" blockId="1.[148,978,194,242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3239084D1EFF3FFF0ED14AFF00" author="Hardy" box="[148,276,194,215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="765 - 777" refId="ref2805" refString="Hardy, A. R. 1972. A brief revision of the North and Central American species of Megasoma (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae). Canadian Entomologist 104: 765 - 777." type="journal article" year="1972">Hardy (1972)</bibRefCitation>
are included in hopes to aid the recognition of phylogenetically important characters. The specimens are deposited in LACM and the UCR Entomology Museum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C654839084D1DFE6DFED3D186F9F5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC936C339084D1EFE6DFED3D2C0FEE3" blockId="1.[454,670,287,308]" box="[454,670,287,308]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139084D1EFE6DFED3D2C0FEE3" bold="true" box="[454,670,287,308]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Description of Larva</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936C339084D1EFF07FE8BD34DFBFD" blockId="1.[148,978,327,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139084D1EFF07FE8BD0BEFE8B" box="[172,224,327,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A4639084D1EFF59FE8BD171FE8B" box="[242,303,327,348]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[169,208,1114,1133]" captionTargetBox="[176,950,194,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-188@3.[175,950,194,1093]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 58. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 5) labium; 6) protarsis; 7) head capsule; 8) ventral view abdomen." pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Head capsule width
<quantity id="4C8E9B2639084D1EFDA7FE8BD204FE8B" box="[524,602,327,348]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
. Epicranium surface pitted, irregularly dark red brown color; setae present on sides of epicranium around occiput. Frons same color and texture as epicranium. Clypeus with same punctation as cranium. Clypeus with four long setae on pleural margins and two setae medially. Labrum subtrapezoidal. Labrum with four central setae and 12 lateral setae; finer setae scattered on surface. Two distinctive setae on the center come out of large pits. Epipharynx (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4639084D1EFC8AFE00D307FE36" box="[801,857,460,481]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,236,1393,1412]" captionTargetBox="[209,968,195,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-44@2.[209,972,194,1372]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 14. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 1) epipharynx; 2) abdominal spiracle; 3) dorsal rt., lt. mandible; 4) ventral lt., rt. mandible." pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) with fused zygum and epizygum forming moderately raised, longitudinal, sclerotized tubercle on haptomerum; chaetoparia left side broader containing 38 spinelike setae; right side with 34, setae blending into the gymnoparia; acanthoparia on left side with 11 setae; right acanthoparia have ten; pedium broad semicircular; acroparia and corypha merged, left with 14 curved setae right with 21. Heli and plegmatia absent. Sense cone produced into rounded lobe. Dexiotorma narrow. Sclerotized plate on immediate lower right of dexiotorma. Laeotorma elongate, pternotorma present as rounded lobe. Crepis present only as strong sulcus. Right mandible with five well-marked teeth, notches present between S
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1
<emphasis id="B902EAD139084D1EFEADFD76D146FD07" bold="true" box="[262,280,698,720]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">þ</emphasis>
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2 and S3 and between S4 and S5, S4 a sharp bump protruding out of the blade; two molar lobes. Left mandible with four teeth; notch present between S
<quantity id="4C8E9B2639084D1EFC36FD1AD3E1FD3C" box="[925,959,725,747]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="t" value="1.0">
1
<emphasis id="B902EAD139084D1EFC06FD19D3E1FD3C" bold="true" box="[941,959,725,747]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">þ</emphasis>
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2 and S3, S4 produced as small bump that is more significant in younger specimens, S4 broad rounded tooth; two molar lobes. First molar lobe greatly produced rounded; stridulatory area well marked on ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4639084D1EFDCEFCEAD2C1FCEC" box="[613,671,806,827]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,236,1393,1412]" captionTargetBox="[209,968,195,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-44@2.[209,972,194,1372]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 14. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 1) epipharynx; 2) abdominal spiracle; 3) dorsal rt., lt. mandible; 4) ventral lt., rt. mandible." pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Left mandibles dorsal surface (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4639084D1EFF30FC8CD08DFC82" box="[155,211,832,853]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,236,1393,1412]" captionTargetBox="[209,968,195,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-44@2.[209,972,194,1372]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 14. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 1) epipharynx; 2) abdominal spiracle; 3) dorsal rt., lt. mandible; 4) ventral lt., rt. mandible." pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) with row 812 setae near molar area; dorsal surface with two distinct crater-like depressions each producing large setae; brustia with one row of stout setae. Labium with galea well-developed, conical uncus. Mala with apical uncus of galea welldeveloped and three conical unci fused at bases at apex of lacinia; maxillary stridulatory file containing eight trapezoidal files, one wide truncate anterior tubercle. Labium cylindrical. Glossa with weakly sclerotized area. Hypopharynx with hypopharyngeal sclerome strongly developed; left lobe hypopharyngeal area with central row of long fine setae; right hypopharyngeal lobe with row of long fine setae (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4639084D1EFD56FC36D368FBD8" box="[765,822,1018,1039]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[169,208,1114,1133]" captionTargetBox="[176,950,194,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-188@3.[175,950,194,1093]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 58. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 5) labium; 6) protarsis; 7) head capsule; 8) ventral view abdomen." pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface of terminal antennal segment with four to five plate-like sensillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936C339084D1EFF07FBE3D151FB43" blockId="1.[148,978,327,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139084D1EFF07FBE3D0A9FB93" box="[172,247,1071,1092]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Thorax.</emphasis>
Densely covered long red brown setae not arranged in rows. Lateral sclerite covered with setae. Thorax lacking spinelike setae. Claws with two exterior and two interior long flattened setae. Prothoracic claw much more pointed than other two (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4639084D1EFF6DFBB3D15CFB43" box="[198,258,1151,1172]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[169,208,1114,1133]" captionTargetBox="[176,950,194,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-188@3.[175,950,194,1093]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 58. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 5) labium; 6) protarsis; 7) head capsule; 8) ventral view abdomen." pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936C339084D1DFF07FB56D186F9F5" blockId="1.[148,978,327,1570]" lastBlockId="2.[175,1004,1464,1570]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B902EAD139084D1EFF07FB56D153FB78" box="[172,269,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Segment I with same seta pattern as thorax. Segment II; first annulet with four rows of long setae and with very few spinelike setae on dorsal surface; second annulet with two rows of long setae; dorsal surface with five to six rows of spinelike setae; third annulet of segment II with two rows of long setae, and with two rows of spinelike setae. Segment III; first annulet with two rows long setae and three rows spinelike setae; second annulet with one row long setae and 56 rows spinelike setae; third annulet with two rows long setae and 23 spinelike setae. Segments IVVI same as segment III. Segment VII with first row of long setae at anterior followed by second row of long setae at posterior and a further row 1/2 as long behind posterior row, spinelike setae start at anterior of first row of long setae and stop at first posterior row of setae. Segments VIIIIX same as VII. Dorsum of segment X covered in spinelike setae with long setae near tip. Venter of segment X posterior to anal slit covered in long fine setae, also with many spinelike setae. With 34 rows of long setae anterior to the anal slit; also present are spinelike setae (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4639084D1EFDA5FA3FD213F9DF" box="[526,589,1523,1544]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[169,208,1114,1133]" captionTargetBox="[176,950,194,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-188@3.[175,950,194,1093]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 58. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 5) labium; 6) protarsis; 7) head capsule; 8) ventral view abdomen." pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Spiracles progressively smaller from segments IIVIII (
<figureCitation id="134D2A4639084D1EFEE3F9C1D1DAF9F5" box="[328,388,1549,1570]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,236,1393,1412]" captionTargetBox="[209,968,195,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-44@2.[209,972,194,1372]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 14. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 1) epipharynx; 2) abdominal spiracle; 3) dorsal rt., lt. mandible; 4) ventral lt., rt. mandible." pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). First abdominal spiracle about
<quantity id="4C8E9B2639084D1EFD63F9C1D35AF9F5" box="[712,772,1549,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, second
<quantity id="4C8E9B2639084D1EFCF1F9C1D3F8F9F5" box="[858,934,1549,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
and then progressively smaller to the 8
<superScript id="7C039B8B390B4D1DFDBBFA74D240FA11" attach="left" box="[528,542,1464,1478]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">th</superScript>
which is
<quantity id="4C8E9B26390B4D1DFD22FA72D29BFA04" box="[649,709,1470,1491]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Spiracular bulla rounded, convex and prominent. Lobes separated by distance slightly shorter than bulla; respiratory plate with approximately 50 holes across longest diameter. Body length of mature larva
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,637 @@
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<mods:title id="0260298443623067F6EF03EDC8558A08">Description of two new species of the genus Pteromalus Swederus (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae, Pteromalinae) from Xinjiang, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BBE097095C68C347AA362F94FAB734ED">Li, Qin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3D72FA9DECB8F32A06E326721B090574">College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 666 Shengli Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China &amp; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, 666 Shengli Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DE46274F360E198F6F642FCC3AF74C1E">Liu, Ya-Lin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37D80E6562C7D5F4728723C8C325CA70">Zhang, Tong-You</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="2ADFAFA7DF9EEAC1841657CFB3D652B2" authority="Li &amp; Hu" authorityName="Li &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steppensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C691D356616F6FC49C3A12FB53F34AD6" italics="true">Pteromalus steppensis</emphasis>
Li &amp; Hu
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A2E0BE4EBE65243BCED458E2FE09860" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D8F2AA5D6A93350316CA658DBEC71CB">
<figureCitation id="D0F28BDF3CDC05F6ED0F0F5B16DFAA7D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">Fig. 1 A K</figureCitation>
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<heading id="E6EF3388B6B093AF4903EB6849739567" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F37D939D3558FA3717B56FA444EC8E0">
<emphasis id="E5C1B6C97485F2B25DF7112CFF8813B2" bold="true">
<emphasis id="A6FAFABB3C9815DB97E336FE9903A477" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="882429179625644D036D9FF4171CE8A9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="858B3D46E642D9888A45B7933670A01D" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
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20240801),
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,
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, swept by Qin Li research group from
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<emphasis id="A71F13067AD467A6A4F56BDA72B525C0" italics="true">Ulmus pumila</emphasis>
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L. (
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) in Peoples park of Changji City;
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<geoCoordinate id="F11868048544561F2E87DA4B1C89CC96" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="33.38" value="44.02594">44 ° 01 ' 33.38 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
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;
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;
<date id="D465EC8D9F97441D9281452F626DDC31" value="2022-05-24">24 May 2022</date>
and deposited in
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.
<emphasis id="32909D45E7C96F2F2EE2524573ECD69A" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="3F5123502A301C3A6EC1FADEC921218C" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: •
<specimenCount id="277BFBE784C40ED35D11E22472C7D38C" count="26" type="female">26 ♀</specimenCount>
(
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2024080220240827), and
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(
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</abbrev>
2024082820240895), same collection site as
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;
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,
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, Urumqi, campus of
<collectingRegion id="4FF95D8A5A7683A43E86300B7E7929E2" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
University, Qin Li reared from the larva and pupa of
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<emphasis id="24E4F9A3959752E71CFBBD453E670501" italics="true">Orchestes steppensis</emphasis>
Korotyaev, 2016
</taxonomicName>
: •
<specimenCount id="077900C95B19817D9CB98737CE2F80A5" count="5" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EP3AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
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</abbrev>
2024089620240900)
<specimenCount id="EE441F36D54B77B38657692C3DFAAAE5" count="2" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
(
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2024090120240902),
<date id="0D4D1FB155D598EF9D2E82903A4423E5" value="2014-05-30">30 May 2014</date>
; •
<specimenCount id="08F4A9EC6E79AC6F950811DAD577E8C4" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EX3AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
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20240903),
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; •
<specimenCount id="5FA3AA65A315975D605114F1F16DF13F" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E23AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
<collectionCode id="ED4451C1905B641FD07A343252277149">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
2024090420240905),
<date id="61D1C4098BDF93DA84308389185BF044" value="2015-06-02">2 Jun 2015</date>
; •
<specimenCount id="0280FB5DE655680874CA811159A8B472" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E63AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
<collectionCode id="85C039F01559444F2BD83FDBCC86285D">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
20240906),
<date id="7556ABFF97D9A51F8DA095E455B55C63" value="2015-06-03">3 Jun 2015</date>
; •
<specimenCount id="D1B8A3FF88A812E41D33209F5F1F554D" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
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</abbrev>
20240907),
<date id="6C0327E7C77FDD5C730C3BEF7DC1F8CF" value="2015-06-04">4 Jun 2015</date>
; •
<specimenCount id="41CD1EE394F75B31E1C536B0DC8D701D" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EH4AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
<collectionCode id="997CBC94CB1E1BABD3592CB9DEEB625D">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
2024090820240909),
<date id="E7686D52A407B137288AD5C31E49FEC5" value="2015-06-07">7 Jun 2015</date>
; •
<specimenCount id="38B37A1CA3C68764DD7F77C78137DF1F" count="26" type="female">26 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EL4AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
<collectionCode id="269392F57A7C8BE85879DA700FAAC631">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
2024091020240935),
<date id="6F2BD51FA145F1D4362A436ABAB66897" value="2015-06-08">8 Jun 2015</date>
; •
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(
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<collectionCode id="49844F959AC7234E3F58F402A2327C06">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
2024093620240944),
<date id="11420AFE7A99E647D40E7E70AB9890B7" value="2015-06-09">9 Jun 2015</date>
; •
<specimenCount id="2108FAB08DEBBED18B510642845777E1" count="8" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ET4AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
<collectionCode id="03412AD7387EC7B284DF180537FBAFD6">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
2024094520240952),
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; •
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(
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<collectionCode id="FDB3608A5B76898D03A10E03D0A15FB8">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
20240953),
<date id="19FC255B63C797FC8226BF28DFC82766" value="2015-06-15">15 Jun 2015</date>
; •
<specimenCount id="905AA6D22DA2926E341C8DF3E511B478" count="18" type="female">18 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E24AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
<collectionCode id="57394A89CCF8719E3F8973C7A9DF96BE">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
2024095420240971)
<specimenCount id="F97DD5B3AFD58F4073220A65F244885A" count="14" type="male">14 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E64AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
<collectionCode id="BEB9BD0D87C3B74BAC37FA11C269644C">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
2024097220240985),
<date id="74B8F5ABCDEED5E1CD3E42DB75BB25DE" value="2016-05-29">29. V. 2016</date>
; •
<specimenCount id="AC4DDD2BF9C18FFCD21FD95B7FE6B990" count="5" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
(
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</abbrev>
2024098620240990)
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(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EH5AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
<collectionCode id="62DBC2F20420212033EA63266EA67E4C">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
2024099120241003),
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; •
<specimenCount id="EFA0B5BAEF7BAA30222BCD1EF316CE1B" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EL5AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
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</abbrev>
2024100420241005)
<specimenCount id="53BCF0B0C7F5D04111FCF0F08AD5AC53" count="2" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
(
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</abbrev>
2024100620241007),
<date id="DB23C42F56A41C8C277E1635C3BA3996" value="2016-06-03">3 Jun 2016</date>
; •
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(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ET5AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
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</abbrev>
2024100820241009),
<date id="A8652569BEB851A2D10F7B84F6527364" value="2016-06-08">8 Jun 2016</date>
; •
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(
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</abbrev>
2024101020241012)
<specimenCount id="F59D35799B40695B4445284B993A4075" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E25AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
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</abbrev>
20241013),
<date id="6834879941E9FD90D30178B5FBF641E3" value="2016-06-13">13 Jun 2016</date>
; •
<specimenCount id="DE4F20BADCFC3728B6F79C3B0B1A9806" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E65AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
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</abbrev>
2024101420241015)
<specimenCount id="14FDCA83F3DD06A9A6B41AC46A0ED269" count="2" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ED6AG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">
<collectionCode id="E5D7778806575B653264A63F3FA7E046">ICXU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
2024101620241017),
<date id="8AD15CA8068BC94F4B3A772D948E006D" value="2016-06-23">23 Jun 2016</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EH6AG" type="description">
<paragraph id="C8F3ABA374857CBA781498CB4E6164F1">
<heading id="C9097157B34EDA7C8665578F9F4A1DE1" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2944E093AEA6D772BE45FCCB31FAA467">
<emphasis id="455534EBAFDFD729A5B1CF286D94E56A" bold="true">Female.</emphasis>
Body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F07DD38C788027B3351E710C55A51A88" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 A</figureCitation>
) length
<quantity id="E27CA0BB45CC2C117BB2303E74B219EE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">
2.53.2
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ET6AG" xlink_title="millimeters">mm</abbrev>
</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="FEBACB620517E680F7BDE8252AC2C10E" italics="true">n</emphasis>
= 24). Head and mesosoma dark green, propodeum with bluish-green metallic reflections, metasoma dark green with shine, hind margin of Gt
<subScript id="CB71A22A8DF365E57628405EB5F4CCC2">1</subScript>
, Gt
<subScript id="A8D6F67C43DB3EFA0F478A3717144C9B">5</subScript>
and Gt
<subScript id="A6FDFB5CB438AFBEF167E3B61E6916E8">6</subScript>
, mid-part of Gt
<subScript id="F457B673BC834AC27D7497433E6A2A9D">2</subScript>
, Gt
<subScript id="6540669BA41B5A299AA56538A10591AB">3</subScript>
and Gt
<subScript id="A7CFFA428C74A0EEC9FDB6E4F8EACF76">4</subScript>
black. Antenna with yellowish-brown scape; dorsal side of pedicel and flagellum dark chocolate-brown; ventral side yellowish brown. Mandibles brown, with dark-brown teeth. Legs with all coxae dark, metallic green; femora dark-chocolate-brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown except last segment black-brown. Wings hyaline, forewing with venation brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="09198C7B9AF19DFD063183357B58E632" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" ID-arpha="49F31828-3305-5783-BB3A-6E3DF76FA37D" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="062DBCB7CCA644259CEAF50BA5E1C714">
<label id="A24947C1520086C4F8FAB49269863017">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="50BC1D622E9B04536B74A251DBC9EAB5">
<taxonomicName id="4D0CDE8BB7D292427BB9C2E87742419E" authority="Li &amp; Hu" authorityName="Li &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orchestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steppensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25B587BC79658A2C2BD1C9D95267BF4C" italics="true">P. steppensis</emphasis>
Li &amp; Hu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AF27B63987EC8B3F38CD09A972D55C4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="D4C1B4410B921615712C788D68803222" bold="true">A J</emphasis>
female
<emphasis id="046132F7873E4B615DB76E098AEC7E52" bold="true">A</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis id="D1B2C906CF9052F45FCF80BD4D2EDA1F" bold="true">B</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="6EE8E83FF67EF2CA0C1E80BC9BFFB335" bold="true">C</emphasis>
mandible
<emphasis id="97D73C7008161D22A9B486B1CA38B3BA" bold="true">D</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis id="33EDA06276E484D799AAA25067EF85DC" bold="true">E</emphasis>
head, lateral view
<emphasis id="5AAC086BBE517E03ECF1B385B37C1E9E" bold="true">F</emphasis>
head, dorsal view
<emphasis id="99C2501648AAC5629C16B5FFE282AFD8" bold="true">G</emphasis>
propodeum, dorsal view
<emphasis id="3886477E4E418E8BE9113E1C45C99C3B" bold="true">H</emphasis>
hind coxa
<emphasis id="D2408623530AD8A489DF4CF4AA499275" bold="true">I</emphasis>
forewing
<emphasis id="223CF540D09E1D778AAE7E120FF00549" bold="true">J</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view
<emphasis id="FF6391A7FAFF878FF1B4410471DD48B5" bold="true">K</emphasis>
male, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="858ADF1BF4B00E1E4B3E844B2B82C304">
<emphasis id="A4F303429B0ED269DEC7EFBA0D53A99C" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
in frontal view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7053DFB931D745F83E7DD71DFAAA6360" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 B</figureCitation>
) 1.261.35 × as broad as high, face with metallic reflections and regular raised-reticulation; clypeus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BF4D011AD58FE272F238949DBEE77316" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 B</figureCitation>
) with longitudinal striations; lower margin moderately emarginate, without teeth; both mandibles (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6DA89E941ED4A38BB09ECE39E459FFBF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 C</figureCitation>
) 4 - toothed. Antennae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="11786DDA2AF222B202119873A7714175" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 B, D</figureCitation>
) inserted at centre of face, higher than the lower margin of eyes; distance between upper margin of antennal toruli and lower margin of median ocellus 1.001.42 × as long as distance between lower margin of antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus; antennae with scape reaching lower margin of anterior ocellus, 7.257.63 × as long as broad; pedicel 1.331.67 × as long as broad in dorsal view, 1.711.98 × as long as fu
<subScript id="CFF9502AB4974EA303E991FB9D2B3E66">1</subScript>
; two anelli annular; funicular segments connected tightly to each other and each with one row of sensilla; fu
<subScript id="16BA67573967C00BA0396C9526EBB15B">1</subScript>
and fu
<subScript id="340A7AE9539A2F35BD2DE60EBCB43900">2</subScript>
1.001.20 × as long as broad each, fu
<subScript id="9ADE1751E954A26206CBE616787B476D">3</subScript>
quadrate, fu
<subScript id="CBAAB5F0490F048C8E9B472E116484E9">4</subScript>
and fu
<subScript id="D9E93E15D4C2A2C29CAF3C47042D8A6D">5</subScript>
0.790.87 as long as broad each, fu
<subScript id="104B1CC178AA145858B7DBE95116C191">6</subScript>
0.640.69 × as long as broad; clava 2.132.67 × as long as broad; pedicle and flagellum combined 0.730.84 × head width. Head in lateral view as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="9318191A8F8F5583632D320B0F0E273C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 E</figureCitation>
; eye height 1.241.46 × eye width; malar sulcus linear and complete; malar space 0.350.50 × eye height. Head in dorsal view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="66B62C469B13D6D432BC0CECC40AF78C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 F</figureCitation>
) about 2.132.45 × as broad as long;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECDBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between posterior ocelli">POL</abbrev>
1.101.14 ×
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGDBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between eye margin and a posterior ocellus">OOL</abbrev>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="A7C5A9FAAF71F8C461F511B741B532DF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BAB53B172FB6F7D3410F15198C0D912">
<emphasis id="BEBC650C7C62585D39E195C8CA777276" bold="true" italics="true">Mesosoma</emphasis>
in dorsal view 0.840.87 × head width; pronotum collar margined with carina, 0.710.85 × as wide as mesoscutum, medially 1 / 91 / 7 × as long as mesoscutum; mesoscutum 0.510.63 × as long as broad; scutellum 0.901.00 × as long as width, frenal line absent. Propodeum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B78363E640D2E8CE093BA60B5D6A83F3" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 G</figureCitation>
) 0.500.55 × as long as scutellum, with medial area smooth; median carina and plica complete and sharp; nucha with fine transverse striations. Mesosoma in lateral view with prepectus smooth, 0.750.86 × as long as tegula; entire thoracic pleura regularly reticulate, except upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny-metallic. Forewing (Fig.
<figureCitation id="60C258CD3DAD327555FD0DFC2CF92985" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 I</figureCitation>
) with apex exceeding apex of gaster, 2.012.24 × as long as broad; upper surface of costal cell bare, lower surface of costal cell with 23 rows of setae interrupted medially; basal setal line incomplete and basal cell bare; speculum large and open posteriorly. Marginal vein length 0.961.00 × postmarginal vein length and 1.431.68 × stigmal vein length; postmarginal vein length 1.501.71 × stigmal vein length. Metacoxa in dorsal view bare, with several long setaes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="367E7B8C38974D7EDFCE9E768B34A8EA" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 H</figureCitation>
), metafeumur 4.294.71 × as long as broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B41B9B66CE96292BE577DC1A719C1FD4">
<emphasis id="A19857234082F7B41AFE8BD2EE8A6E30" bold="true" italics="true">Gaster</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="CE0C647FB45467CAC8A0627B10F5ADCC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 J</figureCitation>
) long-oval, 1.982.38 × as long as broad, 1.431.88 × as long as mesosoma, 1.131.21 × as long as head plus mesosoma; Gt 1 0.200.25 × as long as gaster and sides of Gt 1 with some sparse long setaes; Gt 7 0.620.73 × as long as broad; ovipositor sheaths slightly exserted; hypopygium extending about 0.380.45 × the length of gaster.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6FC37ADD4D434B3804775C7FB368999">
<emphasis id="2534D283C63075B405FC8D389BB255CA" bold="true">Male</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="74E437D3FBC885C40811337811620E15" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 K</figureCitation>
). Body length: 3.0
<quantity id="D283DABA67B16966A2252C0646EE0B42" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="mm" value="3.2">
3.2
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUEBG" xlink_title="millimeters">mm</abbrev>
</quantity>
. Body color: head, mesosoma, and metasoma the same color as the female; antenna yellowish brown; legs yellow, except all coxae dark green with metallic reflections and apical tarsi black-brown. Wings hyaline, forewing with venation brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47096720A0DF2C6A9E908B2DD079E4E9">
<emphasis id="E56FBACC83368C52F0E7F4CA088C0AE4" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
in frontal view 1.251.35 × as broad as high; distance between upper margin of antennal toruli and lower margin of median ocellus 0.921.16 × as long as distance between lower margin of antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus; pedice and flagellum combined 0.890.96 × head width. Head in dorsal view 2.082.29 × as broad as long;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6EBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between posterior ocelli">POL</abbrev>
1.191.29 ×
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDFBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between eye margin and a posterior ocellus">OOL</abbrev>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A2387AF70A70B625328317F5DC2419B">
<emphasis id="DF5A6FB3B14F9A06582E816E3A357457" bold="true" italics="true">Mesosoma</emphasis>
in dorsal view 0.790.81 × as head width; pronotum 0.810.85 × as wide as mesoscutum; mesoscutum 0.660.67 × as long as broad. Propodeum 0.490.54 × as long as scutellum. Forewing with marginal vein length 1.031.19 × postmarginal vein length and 1.481.88 × stigmal vein length; postmarginal vein length 1.441.60 × stigmal vein length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB95B99C1801BA99444AACCA436A9526">
<emphasis id="1DBF051C31ACCC5D8E052D5D607E7C11" bold="true" italics="true">Gaster</emphasis>
long-oval, 1.892.18 × as long as broad, 0.770.84 × as long as head plus mesosoma; Gt 1 about 0.350.39 × as long as gaster.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVFBG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A5835D6F30C63340E8183459E79ED317">
<heading id="4CE9F51ED9BFA44EDD171485DA3393D7" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6F2F56502798164DFBB9E411D167048">
The species is named after its host species
<taxonomicName id="B6871588DE1DD2E0BF2229CFF47FEE9A" authority="Korotyaev, 2016" authorityName="Korotyaev" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orchestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steppensis">
<emphasis id="81598721D5202361BBA785398F3FC597" italics="true">Orchestes steppensis</emphasis>
Korotyaev, 2016
</taxonomicName>
(Coloptera,
<taxonomicName id="E8D0A8D90225774D4615A69EAC1C33A3" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
) (used as a noun in apposition).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQGBG" type="biology">
<paragraph id="E3024C188C9897D43AE321DFFA579FAB">
<heading id="88B0B3F4D687EFB1882AF0EA9DD8161B" reason="title">Biology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="021A97F7758630F84243C3F44175D4F0">
This species was reared as a primary, solitary ectoparasitoid of the larval and pupal stage of
<taxonomicName id="F128326ACBD1BF0A35E65382143DAE0C" authority="Korotyaev, 2016" authorityName="Korotyaev" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orchestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steppensis">
<emphasis id="F2332919FA89EAACE0786B042EAA1133" italics="true">O. steppensis</emphasis>
Korotyaev, 2016
</taxonomicName>
. Figures of the development and its damage on the host are provided in Figs
<figureCitation id="1EBF7E6805E53F0B318B91D6C1059AB3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Development stages of P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. and their emergence holes, A H. A, B the parasitoid larva feeding on the third larva of the host C prepupa D F pupa G, H emergence holes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305075">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="79A7425DEFF6F041A210A9288645420A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Damage on Ulmus pumila leaves made by the adults as well as the larvae of O. steppensis Korotyaev, 2016 A D. A, B holes on U. pumila leaves made by the adults C, D U. pumila leaves." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305076">4</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJHBG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AAA3D18FC23872E5FBC564315A8B6C09">
<heading id="E845BDCF5682FCB4762AB6A5D6E8215A" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="636067ACFA370D0940BC9D7BE8A88CEE">
Changji and Urumqi,
<collectingRegion id="ACBB5A272AEF8EC16C4306ADE03004B1" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="46226AAC6B9A463F6FBBED4C074A816A" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOHBG" type="comments">
<paragraph id="A97975DF31DF3300F9390CD001C37C89">
<heading id="EA52FA68BA82C405F0B2B465B332D975" reason="title">Comments.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25ABF93A296ECA66385309BCDCC5878A">
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="427DF7F0207FD4953290CC4CEF98040F" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procerus">
<emphasis id="B19EDF8267A62F3BF2CC04925F3EB8E6" italics="true">P. procerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In females of that species: both mandibles with four teeth; anterior margin of clypeus shallowly emarginate, hardly impressed in the middle; clypeus strigose, the striae hardly extending on to the face and genae; pronotal collar distinctly less wide than the mesoscutum, shorter medially than at the sides, medially from slightly more than 1 / 81 / 7 as long as the mesoscutum, finely reticulate with a narrow shiny strip along its hind edge, slightly to distinctly margined anteriorly; propodeum somewhat more than half as long as the mesoscutellum (
<bibRefCitation id="91DDC2C1A8B7390DA5B85EAED1C7CA91" DOI="10.5962/p.258046" author="Graham" firstAuthor="Graham" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), Supplement" pagination="1-908" refId="B9" refString="Graham MWR. de V (1969) The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), Supplement 16: 1908. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.258046" title="The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." volume="16" year="1969">Graham 1969</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 389); gaster lanceolate or sublanceolate, usually as long as or slightly longer than the head plus thorax, occasionally slightly shorter, 1.82.3 times as long as broad. However, the new species can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="032230246FACC62F8A40BA175A4967B0" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procerus">
<emphasis id="A4EC1AD09861CD2478B279DABBA06F79" italics="true">P. procerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOIBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between posterior ocelli">POL</abbrev>
1.101.14 ×
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESIBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between eye margin and a posterior ocellus">OOL</abbrev>
; distance between upper margin of antennal toruli and lower margin of median ocellus 1.001.42 × as long as distance between lower margin of antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus; antennae with scape reaching lower margin of anterior ocellus; combined length of pedicellus and flagellum shorter than breadth of head (0.730.84 ×); medial area of propodeum smooth and shiny. In
<taxonomicName id="E425F6F91BF89A3E5175707EC35264F6" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procerus">
<emphasis id="D6C87F848E6EE4AE2AF41A33E725FB97" italics="true">P. procerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBJBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between posterior ocelli">POL</abbrev>
1.201.25 ×
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFJBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between eye margin and a posterior ocellus">OOL</abbrev>
; toruli about equidistant from the median ocellus and the lower margin of clypeus; antennae with scape reaching to level of vertex or slightly above it; combined length of pedicellus and flagellum almost equal to breadth of head; propodeum panels almost uniformly reticulate and not shiny.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E89E68CF220B6CA613EAA8032079BC8">
In males of
<taxonomicName id="9D621FE335BFFAFA0888626FAA82627C" authority="Li &amp; Hu" authorityName="Li &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orchestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steppensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F91852CE1B8F5C4A517E65442ACA933C" italics="true">P. steppensis</emphasis>
Li &amp; Hu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBD38A93DD006D80B19131D231ACC224" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="B5DC40FE94CD562B5FFA4A770D5E103A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. P. steppensis Li &amp; Hu, sp. nov. A J female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mandible D antenna E head, lateral view F head, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H hind coxa I forewing J metasoma, dorsal view K male, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305073">1 K</figureCitation>
): antenna yellowish brown; legs yellow, except all coxae dark green with metallic reflections, and apical tarsi black-brown; propodeum smooth and shiny, 0.490.54 × as long as scutellum. In contrast, in
<taxonomicName id="BA539C7291A3FE882A80F6550CBAE63D" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procerus">
<emphasis id="6B729F3755F073DA537896ADD4BA692B" italics="true">P. procerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="0ACB6D925CBAA971263122F5B5AEB657" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. P. procerus Graham, 1969 A C male A body, lateral view B mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view C head, frontal view D paratype information." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305074">2 A D</figureCitation>
): antenna dark brown to black; pale parts of the legs yellowish, hind femora lightly infuscate at the base only and the fore and mid femora yellowish; propodeum reticulated, about 2 / 3 × as long as scutellum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9F1D6B4A47F9D47C0AD70122C84B3D0C" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure2" ID-arpha="5FCB1712-798E-5D0F-940D-A8E6A31666C7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305074" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="BC9751C4209014419E59013B5DBCEB1B">
<label id="A6CF267DFDD78387A5898BDD3CFA454C">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60445960DBBEAF528C9358D22A15CE9E">
<taxonomicName id="C1394395887C03C159372EC6E5E2221C" authority="Graham, 1969" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procerus">
<emphasis id="EC5752B8CF8D033DCD287F9DD69C60E0" italics="true">P. procerus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3353D4EA01CECD759EF0AE62BCFB01DA" DOI="10.5962/p.258046" author="Graham MWR. de V" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), Supplement" pagination="1-908" refId="B9" refString="Graham MWR. de V (1969) The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), Supplement 16: 1-908. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.258046" title="The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." volume="16" year="1969">Graham, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7DC5387F8A788A6148E199C7C4221B3A" bold="true">A C</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="A4B2FCB94CDEB438FD84772875E57EA6" bold="true">A</emphasis>
body, lateral view
<emphasis id="456EE17F4CE26D9F77B7189578053EF3" bold="true">B</emphasis>
mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view
<emphasis id="19A3643ECBE05BF870599FD488F18D9B" bold="true">C</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="C74CC45AEFDFD049D705D63488E48944" bold="true">D</emphasis>
paratype information.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="25D6D588571F99EC098DFDF542083286" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure3" ID-arpha="469E5291-39F1-5081-A9F0-9C72BD86FC98" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305075" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="F371F4141E750B512C7C68E7C8A71EB7">
<label id="1606B71F4B1E9AFF2B8DC041E6D9BA84">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3EAC55ECA0FA78263728706E6C78D60E">
Development stages of
<taxonomicName id="2169A96BBDD9DA821A3CA4D3410E90E4" authority="Li &amp; Hu" authorityName="Li &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orchestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steppensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C09FF4686CA6F6DF1D528ECD9A8B6F75" italics="true">P. steppensis</emphasis>
Li &amp; Hu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69713E1BF6CF34DC161521B00F2725B4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and their emergence holes,
<emphasis id="A02C5B1519C957BC8977674D88F4C291" bold="true">A H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="173C66D9538C258D74D87E242FA96447" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
the parasitoid larva feeding on the third larva of the host
<emphasis id="6B71D2ED32F160F86C0D5D9137D490D3" bold="true">C</emphasis>
prepupa
<emphasis id="CCDC3C1CE27C657DFC98E651AC185EEB" bold="true">D F</emphasis>
pupa
<emphasis id="A7DA359667BC266663DCDB3CA95EEA00" bold="true">G, H</emphasis>
emergence holes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="027AD971E496BC49D4E148DE323DE8C8" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure4" ID-arpha="BFA1FC61-8A39-5316-A1A0-C368A627BD5F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305076" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="5DA76C643E8F6E4B074F64D9BC1E4BAE">
<label id="2E7E7F19ECDB43D8B05168DA3847AF9E">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73D7E7176E249AE8531D1C8A9B68ADDD">
Damage on
<taxonomicName id="E467FD9A84C5EE1C77F480DC48F94DE2" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="AA4459B2C830A50E859F71B50D72BD38" italics="true">Ulmus pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves made by the adults as well as the larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4ADA800F9C54EB10BB8792BB9D758279" authority="Korotyaev, 2016" authorityName="Korotyaev" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orchestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steppensis">
<emphasis id="0309E564678C575CFDFFA97F6098BFC9" italics="true">O. steppensis</emphasis>
Korotyaev, 2016
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="790FC785E1261F97A6C52DCEAECD3CCC" bold="true">A D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="8C2976DC918332896F416FFA246C86D9" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
holes on
<taxonomicName id="8F01E5A1AFF3E99090C8E0C5F91DB2C6" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="47EE7F98D0F083BCB3FE6220B182CA49" italics="true">U. pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves made by the adults
<emphasis id="46223E43F3B6ACE6C08CEE4EA0D5D6B9" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="162C478E69ED6F4AF08DFE7AF146B00C" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="295A9BA59B16593AE8A33E25CEE1152A" italics="true">U. pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
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Fourcroy, 1785
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is a dragonfly species which remains under strict species protection in
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(Ustawa z Dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o Ochronie Przyrody). The larvae inhabit clean lowland watercourses which are characterised by slow currents and sandy or sandy-stony bottoms (
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<paragraph id="CA711C6EC879FF8FE291FE6CBA14795C" blockId="7.[151,1437,197,699]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">In addition to rare and protected species, there is also an invasive species recorded at the investigated Rawka section. A freshwater crayfish</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F8BAC07CC879FF8FE00DFD8EBB70795C" box="[618,827,537,564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Faxonius limosus</emphasis>
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(Cambaridae) is native to the east coast of
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(
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) and was introduced to Europe in 1890.
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displaces native crayfish species because of its resistance to adverse environmental conditions and diseases it is a carrier of crayfish plague. The rate of spread of this species is rapid and its further expansion in Polish waters should be expected.
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inhabits every
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of water body and is reported in almost whole
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<emphasis id="F8BAC07CC879FF8FE291FE06BA457AC4" box="[246,526,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Hydrometra stagnorum</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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is a true bug species which has an important ecological value as it controls the mosquito abundance by feeding on their larvae. The species inhabits vegetated margins in watercourses with slow currents, ditches and ponds (
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is a
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species which is widely distributed species in Europe with a characteristic mentum shape, but rarely recorded in
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. It was reported in eastern
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in Lake Kleszczów and Tarkowska-Kukuryk (2014) in Lake Skomielno. The record of
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<emphasis id="F8BAC07CC879FF8FE10DFEB8BBC87A2D" box="[874,899,300,325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">M</emphasis>
.
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in Rawka River is the first such case in central
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Andersen
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<mods:identifier id="94C6F07BCC40A3A68786EC7A31542DF6" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E0FC962D672999FA35BA4BCA7914BE3F" type="ZooBank">1557F207-4C10-48BE-88A6-D1FD7412963A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15195808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15195808" ID-arpha="698E56FC-4F1B-55CD-B4BA-0240534C41DB" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/A52C92F0-6305-431B-B59C-AC9BAF665E4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A52C92F0-6305-431B-B59C-AC9BAF665E4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB">
<subSubSection id="3C13E53BF28E8534C34679E0FD40A914" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E1C7767166EC8EF50A29BDF65D1FF60">
<taxonomicName id="5C5BB460388CB89F7139C3BDF4A6CF05" authority="Yan &amp; Li" authorityName="Yan &amp; Li" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiaomoheensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5B9315A8C49442DCC2A7EB32C79D65F5" italics="true">Pteromalus xiaomoheensis</emphasis>
Yan &amp; Li
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BFF9A28C3D89D91BF68F615D051A27A2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3ED97126D6CEFC166782267921D1E98C" type="description">
<paragraph id="4CF349FB64DA1BC00109E2A179D0C2FE">
<figureCitation id="2653B8BA0940EB8DF3E6C128F5265CC2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">Fig. 5 A L</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1PBG" type="type material">
<paragraph id="EE2A97948860101325206A5E28DF084E">
<heading id="368410E293E420A2179C9072B0A4F7DC" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4AD01C61048C958B80774627C60B1D0B">
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<emphasis id="D2AB07835F198E678E5424FDFD5ED9FD" bold="true">
<emphasis id="69EFEAE098E0E8D7072C9E0A472DAB92" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="2C195CFACB7DE297D63ABDF84340F6EA" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="0D3DD80EFA9C587A1852633CFBA519E9" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFQBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
20246442
</specimenCode>
),
<collectingRegion id="7ED64F044C1E78A132D66B20113EEA05" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="606296CF83FC87E089E7D30D0E4D409C" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="025C096FBE07F2A6AAB423829425A576" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:025C096FBE07F2A6AAB423829425A576" country="China" latitude="43.18112" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="82.73597" name="Gongliu County of Yili Prefecture" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Gongliu County of Yili Prefecture</location>
;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="26A501165EAB7C2073ED9C3EBB37399C" degrees="82" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="9.49" value="82.73597">82 ° 44 ' 9.49 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="9234EB6E6EB6885EF29B62B590F2A6B6" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.377" unit="m" value="1377.0">
<elevation id="8BB7C7C4E238CE1CE292ECB482CF50FC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.377" unit="m" value="1377.0">1377 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="75BA316A2215E0ECED3C203F0388BAF1" value="2021-07-10">
<collectingDate id="95D3DD5704B5146F2BEEFE018BAD5FC5" value="2021-07-10">10 Jul 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="BCECF020AD8C62D3F8158F0A85EC5CD3">Liqin</collectorName>
research group
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="BF64A3272F4B6323754144E7D93D0421" collectionCode="ICXU" country="China" specimenCode="ICXU 20246443-20246450" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="8" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="23A26AFC7303881D72AB4A4A126BEE9E" bold="true">
<emphasis id="940DE28856402F97FAE78E7F1F96DAD3" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="3C55EC08D80EF7ECA04082DEF925268B" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="D7EB1F9F88978751A751CA1B18E742D4" count="8" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="074E339D558A3B64872370AEF2CFA342" collectionCode="ICXU">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVQBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
2024644320246450
</specimenCode>
), same collection information as
<typeStatus id="17F072CDE51344EA0A0D3BA4EA274785" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="066F5743F57D493628B870F9E2CD2805" collectingDate="2020-07-09" collectionCode="ICXU" collectorName="Liqin" country="China" elevation="600" latitude="46.434956" location="Qinghe County of Altay Prefecture" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="90.045876" specimenCode="ICXU 20246451-20246452" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="ADAE884132695F5B927C6A3C6437D256" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="46D53AD4573656BE9AD667A09A7059A4" collectionCode="ICXU">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZQBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
2024645120246452
</specimenCode>
),
<location id="90686F84DDF5FF04B2FE847B08E0AD61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:90686F84DDF5FF04B2FE847B08E0AD61" country="China" latitude="46.434956" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="90.045876" name="Qinghe County of Altay Prefecture" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Qinghe County of Altay Prefecture</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EARBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[90.045875,46.434953]}">
<geoCoordinate id="E4CB59959B0C81F835A8A7930A5E3F1C" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="5.83" value="46.434956">46 ° 26 ' 5.83 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E336AB268C4A08EFFF959339AEFCB5CC" degrees="90" direction="east" minutes="2" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="45.15" value="90.045876">90 ° 2 ' 45.15 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="8DAA939ABB6E4363D87DBACAFB7B2EF2" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="600.0">
<elevation id="E574EAD6D862B147C52C4D4BCD5887F0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="3FB0700CDC97452C071C74B31F31665B" value="2020-07-09">
<collectingDate id="A6EFBE6DF57D941DB20EE4A5674B38CA" value="2020-07-09">9 Jul 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="DB32077148762AC7DBF6323CCCAD142E">Liqin</collectorName>
research group
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="087D0E9BD97DFE8EE3565135FE11F3B0" collectingDate="2021-06-24" collectionCode="ICXU" collectorName="Liqin" country="China" elevation="624" latitude="47.657494" location="Altai City of Altay Prefecture" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.28895" specimenCode="ICXU 20246453" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="D1259019D1A23FD64C4F33AE283BEB1F" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="7C1A5B0D1775115800AA4CDD5401D633" collectionCode="ICXU">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFRBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
20246453
</specimenCode>
),
<location id="2486A6105D681B46BA1D980675BE8B1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:2486A6105D681B46BA1D980675BE8B1F" country="China" latitude="47.657494" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.28895" name="Altai City of Altay Prefecture" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Altai City of Altay Prefecture</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EMRBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[88.288950,47.657492]}">
<geoCoordinate id="C31B975FDF59D6BFA67E8E61CB6D21E0" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="26.97" value="47.657494">47 ° 39 ' 26.97 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C4F8FC58CD04CEA41BE3CECE5B8D3D14" degrees="88" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.22" value="88.28895">88 ° 17 ' 20.22 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="DD748FAE44CACD005DB154DC6E37E4CC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.24" unit="m" value="624.0">
<elevation id="FB7CD91A6E43BB8B7A68EBE779EE6315" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.24" unit="m" value="624.0">624 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="D88891E3612AD8143B6705162724E740" value="2021-06-24">
<collectingDate id="E0E43C05EB12CE91CB8E6886D2FBBEB2" value="2021-06-24">24 Jun 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="0455371CCFC264F587EF07EC597EB2B3">Liqin</collectorName>
research group
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="06D5FE80EF493E71973E45678C086E34" collectingDate="2020-07-11" collectionCode="ICXU" collectorName="Liqin" country="China" elevation="830" latitude="47.018803" location="Fuyun County of Altay Prefecture" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="89.75677" specimenCode="ICXU 20246454" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="94EA0F17F53B9874E3AEE743182D815A" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="AC7216864794B0CE9A6CADE713A28DD9" collectionCode="ICXU">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERRBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
20246454
</specimenCode>
),
<location id="AB4FA82C40AE016C2F5CFCC3E883EA06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:AB4FA82C40AE016C2F5CFCC3E883EA06" country="China" latitude="47.018803" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="89.75677" name="Fuyun County of Altay Prefecture" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Fuyun County of Altay Prefecture</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EYRBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[89.756764,47.018803]}">
<geoCoordinate id="50FCEF11BC97522493348C1374091150" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="7.69" value="47.018803">47 ° 1 ' 7.69 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CCC6AE4725460422F2AE077B8C5EF039" degrees="89" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="24.35" value="89.75677">89 ° 45 ' 24.35 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="B790E581A91782F26F120FE99FB45B2B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" unit="m" value="830.0">
<elevation id="4239ACC9B82140511ABB0FDDA2418E22" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" unit="m" value="830.0">830 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="727EC520919664170B30A084DCA047FF" value="2020-07-11">
<collectingDate id="C13E3D7FF7F9B84C81D4FFCC6B6A3860" value="2020-07-11">11 Jul 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="BB2F66D3C34738AD145B6DE3DF075C38">Liqin</collectorName>
research group
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="B034FFE70CA9B129D112FCECA436882E" collectingDate="2021-07-09" collectionCode="ICXU" collectorName="Liqin" country="China" elevation="1556" latitude="43.152897" location="Zhaosu County of Yili Prefecture" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="81.44412" specimenCode="ICXU 20246455-20246460" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="BCD0C60A2D57A873AE45EC50C827C11E" count="6" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="464446692805E312F258C325491DDE82" collectionCode="ICXU">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4RBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
2024645520246460
</specimenCode>
),
<location id="430E9E4D505E0F38409CD2B98ECD9AC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:430E9E4D505E0F38409CD2B98ECD9AC5" country="China" latitude="43.152897" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="81.44412" name="Zhaosu County of Yili Prefecture" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Zhaosu County of Yili Prefecture</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EESBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[81.444119,43.152897]}">
<geoCoordinate id="8ADBB17FD12794FB9376F5E91C3CB1B1" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.43" value="43.152897">43 ° 9 ' 10.43 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="97411E5EC54ED454D3C6C23B295A6E7D" degrees="81" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="38.83" value="81.44412">81 ° 26 ' 38.83 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="0BB64766061837475E0DB847B5EE925A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5559999999999998" unit="m" value="1556.0">
<elevation id="FB04E4BD62384BC2E407630DDE9A704D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5559999999999998" unit="m" value="1556.0">1556 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="88C3EFD85D02332433A553E9F94124F7" value="2021-07-09">
<collectingDate id="3C559D46D3996ABF2EF76E468BDE34CD" value="2021-07-09">9 Jul 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="724131F53B40015C4C13FBE113FB2063">Liqin</collectorName>
research group
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="58019061F099F226F976EA1ACDF26B25" collectingDate="2018-07-28" collectionCode="ICXU" collectorName="Coll. Hongying Hu" country="China" elevation="1279" latitude="43.37722" location="Xinyuan County of Yili Prefecture" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="83.604996" specimenCode="ICXU 20246461" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="B8E6E5155657A3EEFBBB8725A03E708F" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="A00ED85EC0F27928F1E412E6D22EF192" collectionCode="ICXU">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJSBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
20246461
</specimenCode>
),
<location id="768F754750CE8E9B2BB7186C20473DD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:768F754750CE8E9B2BB7186C20473DD4" country="China" latitude="43.37722" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="83.604996" name="Xinyuan County of Yili Prefecture" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Xinyuan County of Yili Prefecture</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EQSBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[83.605000,43.377222]}">
<geoCoordinate id="472102E97DE6D16D471AD4D3FC6A501E" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="43.37722">43 ° 22 ' 38 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2DE7BF2CD0E5BD47D94AE57C0619A361" degrees="83" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="83.604996">83 ° 36 ' 18 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="04D84887EE05F45DAC5307AAFECCDF75" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.279" unit="m" value="1279.0">
<elevation id="0A991DE6D3704588A01371B365F0D057" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.279" unit="m" value="1279.0">1279 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="C5EB1664424B04F3F1B4354913B09E04" value="2018-07-28">
<collectingDate id="64AD79DD339BE01AB8CF00A6464EEB15" value="2018-07-28">28 Jul 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="5D2E9D19FE255E41AA0906CD16462DBB">Coll. Hongying Hu</collectorName>
research group
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="96942F56F051A4EC2FA55FE99B2EF0FB" collectingDate="2021-07-08" collectionCode="ICXU" collectorName="Liqin" country="China" elevation="1200" latitude="43.221977" location="Tekes County of Yili Prefecture" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="81.80884" specimenCode="ICXU 20246462" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F9C80E02AA6A9DF4A56ECF5026A58503" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="D2CBF452EF2DBBFF476B0568952C0BFB" collectionCode="ICXU">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVSBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
20246462
</specimenCode>
),
<location id="D38B2474F9F4E4F9CB616A2FD5D08530" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:D38B2474F9F4E4F9CB616A2FD5D08530" country="China" latitude="43.221977" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="81.80884" name="Tekes County of Yili Prefecture" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Tekes County of Yili Prefecture</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E3SBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[81.808833,43.221978]}">
<geoCoordinate id="E76C7D22720D363FBD8D925F1FBE83B7" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="19.12" value="43.221977">43 ° 13 ' 19.12 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F7309AB1897053348C643380A5C06F99" degrees="81" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.80" value="81.80884">81 ° 48 ' 31.80 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="21EDA4238C8D67A052465D9E38521039" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="47F2B1A980BC82AB0093A01C4206DC80" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="39BA186385AEAC8EC228A6330A36F89F" value="2021-07-08">
<collectingDate id="E25490434BE70B20D651CCE762FCF525" value="2021-07-08">8 Jul 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="17EE673E292BB27C0A41CD045063F0B5">Liqin</collectorName>
research group
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="F36B16388A4A2E80222FA3A3B4AE2A06" collectingDate="2021-07-09" collectorName="Liqin" country="China" elevation="1184" latitude="43.155552" location="Tekes County of Yili Prefecture" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.78993" specimenCount="33" specimenCount-female="33" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="D225278781414D16E47ECF4CD2902752" count="33" type="female">33 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="608CC5D79F3225205040E0CE92DE2C18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:608CC5D79F3225205040E0CE92DE2C18" country="China" latitude="43.155552" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.78993" name="Tekes County of Yili Prefecture" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Tekes County of Yili Prefecture</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EETBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[88.789933,43.155550]}">
<geoCoordinate id="5B23B4454B9E45F5AD12A969B0CF99B2" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="19.98" value="43.155552">43 ° 9 ' 19.98 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1749029A08CCC4C01297A6416E71B546" degrees="88" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.76" value="88.78993">88 ° 47 ' 23.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="8189EB07FD4955DAF902151023445EE8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.184" unit="m" value="1184.0">
<elevation id="1EC3901FD5935C31949B5B6D2D7D7D93" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.184" unit="m" value="1184.0">1184 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="F2E6EB319968F9D69397222836F34CBE" value="2021-07-09">
<collectingDate id="421712B70CE060FA0259BF9021624DAD" value="2021-07-09">9 Jul 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="8B9FED7A27DB35CBAAC219C138D2E943">Liqin</collectorName>
research group
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="83F199A732F5C41B5908662D0F4F1294" collectingDate="2021-07-10" collectionCode="ICXU" collectorName="Liqin" country="China" elevation="881" latitude="43.33968" location="Gongliu County of Yili Prefecture" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="82.51784" specimenCode="ICXU 20246463" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="69318C7B5135179AA8803FF94C421490" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="A2937762753FEDC9C51E7076FB20B827" collectionCode="ICXU">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJTBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
20246463
</specimenCode>
),
<location id="CAF0F449A4AC3A3E9CB55DC6F22721E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:CAF0F449A4AC3A3E9CB55DC6F22721E8" country="China" latitude="43.33968" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="82.51784" name="Gongliu County of Yili Prefecture" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Gongliu County of Yili Prefecture</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EQTBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[82.517831,43.339681]}">
<geoCoordinate id="838B3EF866E046C0642B9522017C4934" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="22.85" value="43.33968">43 ° 20 ' 22.85 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="54468AB6E7EE04D0EC409F10C420075A" degrees="82" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="4.19" value="82.51784">82 ° 31 ' 4.19 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="8D7AD4EADDA821145B50C224CC3785E8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.809999999999999" unit="m" value="881.0">
<elevation id="28F165D4C8566BFDC923CE58A12FFC04" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.809999999999999" unit="m" value="881.0">881 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="A1485DF4052A06E070E22EABEF292946" value="2021-07-10">
<collectingDate id="322BC64C720C14C8CD595C241BAF224F" value="2021-07-10">10 Jul 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="BB4FF34312E028C3899AE624D56F20EA">Liqin</collectorName>
research group
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="45357B895ADB6F7BCD6536B4CD540D91" collectingDate="2022-07-05" collectionCode="ICXU" collectorName="Coll. Hongying &amp; Hu" country="China" elevation="1757" latitude="43.45695" location="Urumqi County of Urumqi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="87.377" specimenCode="ICXU 20246464" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="49A5F5AC9F7C3895464FEDC27C29D577" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9CF01ECB0ED321E179EF5C873151DA54" collectionCode="ICXU">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVTBG" xlink_title="Insect Collection of the College of Life Science and Technology">ICXU</abbrev>
20246464
</specimenCode>
),
<location id="261AE96ECD52EEB58E05A1E5F7CD78AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:698E56FC4F1B55CDB4BA0240534C41DB:261AE96ECD52EEB58E05A1E5F7CD78AD" country="China" latitude="43.45695" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="87.377" name="Urumqi County of Urumqi" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Urumqi County of Urumqi</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E3TBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[87.377000,43.456950]}">
<geoCoordinate id="9B60A74F0676DFA34E049CAFEC524802" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="25.02" value="43.45695">43 ° 27 ' 25.02 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1DB28A4391BBD0813176C0735ADCCBE0" degrees="87" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="37.20" value="87.377">87 ° 22 ' 37.20 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="E0887B1551DC2B77D50036565C85476B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.757" unit="m" value="1757.0">
<elevation id="55AF7FA96E5A4A103406A9B0FC58CE1E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.757" unit="m" value="1757.0">1757 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="99F8DDD7B97C45958E6056E6AD7B9B26" value="2022-07-05">
<collectingDate id="21133206BCD3F7EF0493C119E06DF2E8" value="2022-07-05">5 Jul 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="ABA594A73CB80DDA12C1D22343AD24C1">Coll. Hongying</collectorName>
research
<collectorName id="40DEF04D070A19175AED1B42FCDDF109">Hu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBUBG" type="description">
<paragraph id="237B4B65EE1BFED299F365B2E265BA28">
<heading id="48E43EADDBEDABA37ECD549901C50E36" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="582DDDF3367EA5F4193F3A7280BF10CD">
<emphasis id="1F7D52D8CEB38F6A17451DA368304532" bold="true">Female.</emphasis>
Body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2F7BCB127162BBF31ABC9B34D05C3F7E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 A, B</figureCitation>
) length 3.0
<quantity id="034BBAD0F471723291FA0CF117103CC7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="mm" value="3.4">
3.4
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENUBG" xlink_title="millimeters">mm</abbrev>
</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="A6FC9D16E0F7F1BFAA92C14EEC8B786A" italics="true">n</emphasis>
= 5). Head and mesosoma dark metallic-green, metasoma dark green with reflections. Antenna with yellowish-brown scape; pedicel and flagellum dark-chocolate-brown. Legs (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8FB38F8390FD30704A62136990C6131E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 K</figureCitation>
) with all coxae dark metallic-green, femora dark green, except for apical part brown, tibiae yellowish brown to brown and tarsi pale yellow, except last segment brown. Wings hyaline; forewing with venation brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B7B00EA25B193C4ABF8D9AC98DF8BA5D" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" ID-arpha="F574CB86-E5B5-54EB-8F59-9D8FE1646720" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="CD314FDAB9FEBEDB17E09CB12716E3D0">
<label id="E3149CD55BD895AA3CABAF7AF1916867">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB5E8CC3BA526696CB8F876E432278CB">
<taxonomicName id="FE6AA8DFE813824E28428FC7664D7C08" authority="Yan &amp; Li" authorityName="Yan &amp; Li" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiaomoheensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="88683CF529FB27D731C5BE94551275B0" italics="true">P. xiaomoheensis</emphasis>
Yan &amp; Li
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="49ABAC2B6F3DA1F1F4103206470807BB" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype
<emphasis id="A9DA4A0AEFD3CCB1EBC662986C5EB2F4" bold="true">A L</emphasis>
female
<emphasis id="B71AD91D7A8E6FCFDBBDCCCFABCE0575" bold="true">A</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis id="DB64D806482672C3BE387D03AA9D42D2" bold="true">B</emphasis>
body, lateral view
<emphasis id="EA97D62EE9179B8E8262285F1AF73ACE" bold="true">C</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="04E0431B5B248406BBEDAB708569BC50" bold="true">D</emphasis>
mandible
<emphasis id="BC38030ACED117DBCB56B99E913264D8" bold="true">E</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis id="7264B0F06FEED171D16F8312B58F8691" bold="true">F</emphasis>
head, lateral view
<emphasis id="09DD096B2671CEA58788C6FA4B4C698F" bold="true">G</emphasis>
head, dorsal view
<emphasis id="6D6546AA462FE987A8202C23C66DAEB8" bold="true">H</emphasis>
mesoscutem, dorsal view
<emphasis id="1210030B8828F5C3F9DF080690382AC3" bold="true">I</emphasis>
propodeum, dorsal view
<emphasis id="4418D7DEF5F0973172809D2D887C4152" bold="true">J</emphasis>
forewing
<emphasis id="7EBD14DA094C03B6AD67C725E7A49C3D" bold="true">K</emphasis>
hind leg
<emphasis id="C91D8CF8A4459FF1B9B49BFAB9A624D4" bold="true">L</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D585AF780EE2B3BE17C8CDEF737A08F7">
<emphasis id="8A0CA95CDB2E660B9F51DC9ED33F7D3C" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
in frontal view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D79AD0DB32CF58402904E56DBB9B3C80" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 C</figureCitation>
) 1.191.28 × as broad as high, face with metallic reflections and regular raised-reticulations; clypeus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A68C2FC4689FFDF3216242D29201058A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 C</figureCitation>
) with longitudinal striations, with lower margin deeply incised medially, hence appearing almost bidentate; left mandible 3 - toothed and right mandible 4 - toothed (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B0BEC9315ED1520F7BC3B25066FB7E66" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 D</figureCitation>
). Antennae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4E6C561163F0C2B00B19EE313B466ACC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 C</figureCitation>
) inserted at centre of face, higher than the lower margin of eyes; distance between upper margin of antennal toruli and lower margin of median ocellus 0.911.11 × as long as distance between lower margin of antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus; antennae with scape reaching lower margin of anterior ocellus; pedicel 1.551.59 × as long as broad in dorsal view; two anelli annular; funicular segments (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A0E44834A467C39051F6BDBE6CF66C04" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 E, G</figureCitation>
) connected tightly to each other and each with two rows of sensilla; fu
<subScript id="6327E3121BA6F17E68DF0A5EA97F7DD5">1</subScript>
to fu
<subScript id="F0B85E2F1742947783119F75D0F105D6">4</subScript>
each about 1.101.30 × as long as broad each; fu
<subScript id="36651E3D77B132E8F96F9F6A5852677D">5</subScript>
0.951.12 × as long as broad; fu
<subScript id="F64AE8B8D836E4ED651CD1181B350591">6</subScript>
0.730.77 × as long as broad; clava 2.522.68 × as long as broad; pedicle and flagellum combined 0.750.90 × head width. Head in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DB7B0B98F617116A8E1832027BCED6C0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 F</figureCitation>
), eye height 1.421.70 × as eye width; malar sulcus linear and complete, and malar space 0.460.48 × eye height. Head in dorsal view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F6B531CC42BD4D8D970D0D90228A37DE" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 G</figureCitation>
), 2.192.44 × as broad as long;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUXBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between posterior ocelli">POL</abbrev>
1.501.86 ×
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYXBG" xlink_title="shortest distance between eye margin and a posterior ocellus">OOL</abbrev>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED8A01CDE0462838D419305A785C0EB8">
<emphasis id="965C5D3CA5FEEC7D34230BD2B402E422" bold="true" italics="true">Mesosoma</emphasis>
in dorsal view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7360A89F691ED374CC064CCE88F2E48B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 A</figureCitation>
) 0.860.96 × as head width; pronotum collar (Fig.
<figureCitation id="512DECEDB75D01533BE2907E7EF5BA1E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 H</figureCitation>
) margined with carina, 0.880.91 × as wide as mesoscutum, medially one quarter as long as mesoscutum; mesoscutum 0.620.72 × as long as broad; scutellum 0.951.00 × as long as width, frenal line absent. Propodeum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7F2C17612E86F5B3E898724DCDDFCDCB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 I</figureCitation>
) 0.350.47 × as long as scutellum, medial area reticulated; median carina and plica complete and sharp; nucha large and reticulate. Mesosoma in lateral view with prepectus smooth, 0.620.80 × as long as tegula; entire thoracic pleura regularly reticulate, except the upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny metallic. Forewing (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A0C03F78A7949C3D964FC5F97A5F0165" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 J</figureCitation>
) apex exceeding apex of gaster, 2.052.14 × as long as broad; lower surface of costal cell with one row of hairs interrupted medially; basal setal line and basal cell bare; speculum large and open posteriorly. Marginal vein length 0.961.04 × postmarginal vein length and 1.091.13 × longer than stigmal vein length; postmarginal vein 1.101.14 × as long as stigmal vein. Metacoxa in dorsal view bare, metafumur (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0B1C4C69940A8845760F65C56091E728" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 K</figureCitation>
) 3.874.16 × as long as broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE990021744630CD0A773A53C12B1286">
<emphasis id="3FA1EAD7BC49C6FC2795E86F600EC939" bold="true" italics="true">Gaster</emphasis>
long-oval (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7E873AB9D09193A0ED7F0A0D84F35574" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 L</figureCitation>
), 1.571.85 × as long as broad, 1.061.30 × as long as mesosoma, 0.810.97 × as long as head plus mesosoma; Gt
<subScript id="88D9F403101DAEBB0CDB9840D0A35777">1</subScript>
about 0.310.35 × as long as gaster; Gt
<subScript id="8DC841F2BC69EF5A2C4F378294F7ED72">7</subScript>
0.631.14 × as long as broad; ovipositor sheaths exserted, length of extend part 0.51.25 × as long as Gt
<subScript id="1668C23DEE4D8565DDC9319603203245">7</subScript>
length; hypopygium extending about 0.510.67 × the length of gaster.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DB97194E7954DE7C78722324D3BD04E">
<emphasis id="2578F42B241017E74F5AF07D9A859CD1" bold="true">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMZBG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="760A66EE99723148460826A66EA8457F">
<heading id="A5673F8BC3710DFFEF9BDDDF66970427" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="733444F8359B744762C58B2862ED78DB">
The species is named after the collection locality of its
<typeStatus id="31C26611C3F9584C85AC6E525FB17CB1" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERZBG" type="biology">
<paragraph id="776834F27F128DD764753225BAB48AEB">
<heading id="E1E52EE940FB13E633DB2147B54B0BCD" reason="title">Biology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D8BCD92738E7D2455039B9D9994B907E">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWZBG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="111A56F49215C8F5B32B538477B84047">
<heading id="757318BF63E8BE5CA1BA2F8A3C4B0F51" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12F73F2C83587014A65C024139967EA3">
<collectingRegion id="FD2A826D6C13F7462493CA5941104931" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="2FEE29913582AB57F917EE719CE07F82" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
: Yili Prefecture (Gongliu County; Zhaosu County; Xinyuan County; Tekes County; Gongliu County), Altay Prefecture (Qinghe County; Altai City) and Urumqi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2ZBG" type="comments">
<paragraph id="3B8CC79532D58080A747229B34CF943C">
<heading id="C33FB59B957FEF6A8F0653CE516FAF65" reason="title">Comments.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7168F1FA3C2A65594CE9FFBB19B7D0CE">
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="FD9B666DA15B5A791C6EB383A1854A21" baseAuthorityName="Graham" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripolii">
<emphasis id="7FFA475DF33023413C08819C85C6ED15" italics="true">P. tripolii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="073DBCE09EC65D03E944C036270DA48A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. P. tripolii (Graham, 1969) A F female A body, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D propodeum, dorsal view E forewing F gaster, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305078">6 A F</figureCitation>
); both species belong to the
<taxonomicName id="FB19ABB5C03D6AEED0868BDF9ED93E12" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="363C4AABAEDBA2C9D95F5CC9E28FB92B" italics="true">albipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, both have with left mandible with three teeth and right mandible with four; head and thorax brightly metallic, green to blue, brassy, or coppery; antenna with sensilla usually numerous and in two irregular rows on at least the proximal segments of the funicle; fu
<subScript id="9DE529AA5357A0E06AE080326EC69849">1</subScript>
longer than broad and fu
<subScript id="FB5A8C3A003EF851671D589580EBC798">6</subScript>
quadrate or transverse; combined length of pedicellus and flagellum distinctly less than the breadth of the head; propodeum medially a little less than half as long as the scutellum (
<bibRefCitation id="D5800C22CF53F1AE46209D998295BE83" DOI="10.5962/p.258046" author="Graham" firstAuthor="Graham" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), Supplement" pagination="1-908" refId="B9" refString="Graham MWR. de V (1969) The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), Supplement 16: 1908. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.258046" title="The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." volume="16" year="1969">Graham 1969</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 377); gaster ovate, basal tergite occupying 1 / 32 / 5 of the total length. However the new species is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="30DA6D67B3B5736A433FBE629B5203B4" baseAuthorityName="Graham" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripolii">
<emphasis id="312B8DBDC1E6F373C417F5DDA3E0EC54" italics="true">P. tripolii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: body color dark blue; body length 3.0
<quantity id="77D78F0AB06ABDB7439EE6AF684C87A4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="mm" value="3.4">
3.4
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EN2BG" xlink_title="millimeters">mm</abbrev>
</quantity>
; gaster long-oval (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EBA0F653973081EDF64A6C63F7639DE7" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. P. xiaomoheensis Yan &amp; Li, sp. nov. holotype A L female A habitus, dorsal view B body, lateral view C head, frontal view D mandible E antenna F head, lateral view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutem, dorsal view I propodeum, dorsal view J forewing K hind leg L metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305077">5 L</figureCitation>
), 1.571.85 × as long as broad, 1.061.30 × as long as mesosoma. In
<taxonomicName id="2E53C7C84B64242DFDBA44179E3EF774" baseAuthorityName="Graham" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripolii">
<emphasis id="C4105F318EB200E0DA38F3BC32172465" italics="true">P. tripolii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: body color usually bright green to blue (Fig.
<figureCitation id="552C39768BDC75C292C5FF8AACC5891E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. P. tripolii (Graham, 1969) A F female A body, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D propodeum, dorsal view E forewing F gaster, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305078">6 A</figureCitation>
); body length
<quantity id="3673FD88721176A32ADBECD0D8147665" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.7" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.7">
2.73.1
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EE3BG" xlink_title="millimeters">mm</abbrev>
</quantity>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="81B1A5AE71C7CE59F9FBA748BCFE0E11" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. P. tripolii (Graham, 1969) A F female A body, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D propodeum, dorsal view E forewing F gaster, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305078">6 A</figureCitation>
); gaster (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CC889E298AB49A5B7F95A44A0E216358" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. P. tripolii (Graham, 1969) A F female A body, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D propodeum, dorsal view E forewing F gaster, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305078">6 F</figureCitation>
) short-oval, about as long as, or slightly shorter than, the mesosoma, about as broad as the latter, 1.2 to 1.6 times as long as broad, acute but not acuminate apically (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D749A107A9F38C4A64E5C8CA4610F781" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. P. tripolii (Graham, 1969) A F female A body, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D propodeum, dorsal view E forewing F gaster, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305078">6 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="237AE95E6754602D4CE946EF7D35D9F6" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.145429.figure6" ID-arpha="ACD012C4-8407-5CD8-BD27-1C3BADCD6147" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305078" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="22034040470E6001696406B09693ACC3">
<label id="EC7B9776ADBA93805D6C9786E223A2C2">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A61B3C3764488691C077FB27EA4D6658">
<taxonomicName id="D3C5E1B65A14268811983CCDAF622E61" authority="(Graham, 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Graham" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripolii">
<emphasis id="F642524EA09E67345906AAB6B9DAF5C7" italics="true">P. tripolii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E0EAFD1AEE8A908EC16A035874325A9B" DOI="10.5962/p.258046" author="Graham MWR. de V" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), Supplement" pagination="1-908" refId="B9" refString="Graham MWR. de V (1969) The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), Supplement 16: 1-908. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.258046" title="The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." volume="16" year="1969">Graham, 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="E44958D1D91C9C29EB98194345C8CA34" bold="true">A F</emphasis>
female
<emphasis id="027FA6A63584F6F97A7B4D7A97E9E69C" bold="true">A</emphasis>
body, lateral view
<emphasis id="0DAF4BB215DE38DE44282213130FD34B" bold="true">B</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="C57D8BDEB301A8CF9B62CF712DC85DA7" bold="true">C</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis id="1125873B0E8ED2707C5B33EC22BB6E05" bold="true">D</emphasis>
propodeum, dorsal view
<emphasis id="FD1F063FE91F20CB4CAA259BD0397620" bold="true">E</emphasis>
forewing
<emphasis id="58774E15557A19D3D7DF5080BD74E123" bold="true">F</emphasis>
gaster, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
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<mods:title id="0B953F81DD12C3920D9F2D25E801FE97">Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B50C6B834574356AA3540C9C60E933C7">Zhou, Chang-Fa</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15195804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15195804" ID-arpha="AF355A1E-D144-59A2-9EBE-C1973EAF9794" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794">
<subSubSection id="13D493B557306709A3D2482775DF42A8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="87378F947FF351B4E33446A9A897A175">
<taxonomicName id="34780385F7C5A0B089AAF21F98EAD5DB" ID-CoL="6MY38" authority="Nguyen &amp; Bae, 2003" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascia">
<emphasis id="9C3C9246076820DAA1D6AC39332510D9" italics="true">Isca fascia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4B0A5220D396C57E7DC0E38A9E7B2E09" author="Nguyen VV &amp; Bae YJ" issue="3-4" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana" pagination="453-466" refId="B8" refString="Nguyen VV, Bae YJ (2003) The mayfly family Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Vietnam. Insecta Koreana 20 (3 - 4): 453-466." title="The mayfly family Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Vietnam." volume="20" year="2003">Nguyen &amp; Bae, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0B66FDFC513D24EB50472E2A838F331" type="description">
<paragraph id="FD70D710BF6228AFDF4C6ADA64E9FA25">
<figureCitation id="901FDA6DCD6EBE939818EA235A37A134" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Nymphal structures of I. fascia: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) D hypopharynx E mandible (left: left mandible, right: right mandible) F maxilla (ventral view) G labium (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305825">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E7467301FE1CB83224D0E9DDD81764DD" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male structures of I. fascia: A male imago (lateral view) B head (dorsal view) C genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305826">
15 (first record from
<collectingCountry id="E5C14D83B731777D053EC0A24B2916E2" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6F9A5CDEEC24529C2BD5B4D1B0AA5D5B" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A338F5CC6BF705FB95BC47E198FB099">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1E83A410FB70E84B6ADCBB81B9177CBA">
<treatmentCitation id="1AFB75E708C364C206AE607B8461BB4B" author="Nguyen VV &amp; Bae YJ" page="466" year="2003">
<taxonomicName id="E6FD1907877BFCEA9FBCF047B786F0FE" ID-CoL="6MY38" authority="Nguyen &amp; Bae, 2003: 453 - 466" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityPageNumber="453 - 466" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascia">
<emphasis id="3B38D1E6BD578609F9E1E4350B96D688" italics="true">Isca fascia</emphasis>
<comment id="FB7F2983FF62BF4FCAB42A375BD56D0E">
<bibRefCitation id="B8D987569A16BCE1B760CC0A87519B0F" author="Nguyen VV &amp; Bae YJ" issue="3-4" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana" pagination="453-466" refId="B8" refString="Nguyen VV, Bae YJ (2003) The mayfly family Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Vietnam. Insecta Koreana 20 (3 - 4): 453-466." title="The mayfly family Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Vietnam." volume="20" year="2003">Nguyen &amp; Bae, 2003: 453466</bibRefCitation>
, figs 2024 (nymph, male).
<typeStatus id="49985AFF1F307719C99980673BF8BCA4">Type</typeStatus>
: female nymph, from
<collectingCountry id="1E0F8BA0CA64E32F79CC61D26EE50622" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</comment>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELFBG" type="material">
<paragraph id="B0417AF33A85A4A8A3144E599212E7BC">
<heading id="130CE92A30B649D3D1CFA52B42DCEF03" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7196DD24DDA476D3720904FC11480F81">
<materialsCitation id="D4C785E40545FAD0A667CD289C724010" collectingDate="2022-02-07" collectorName="Xuhongyi Zheng" country="China" elevation="2200" latitude="23.970333" location="Ailao Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.527145" municipality="Yuxi City" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<specimenCount id="37A66CE87396D03195C7693E1FC39165" count="1" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
imago 11 nymphs,
<location id="FB1D33DAD0A990C02E880E7F5A8BFFCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794:FB1D33DAD0A990C02E880E7F5A8BFFCC" country="China" latitude="23.970333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.527145" municipality="Yuxi City" name="Ailao Mountain" stateProvince="Yunnan">Ailao Mountain</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="D5A5D4E82166080CB3BA24CB7DB36895">Yuxi City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="D3AAEF5D7AA2B3FC6AAB8CBD7017C27F" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="04762541848237A3EFB9B5AC5AEBFDB2" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="3AF0EF659E72725FE6AAE13EAD87FDCD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="2200.0">
<quantity id="DF5A4BCE0B1632EBE855114057EFC3D8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EUFBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[101.527147,23.970333]}">
<geoCoordinate id="588034AED64735C19ECF8E90A30443E5" degrees="23.970333" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="23.970333">23.970333 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A5E534BB1F56782DACB40D1FEF0E2586" degrees="101.527147" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="101.527145">101.527147 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="E7C675CB781476D458187CDA29FD3039" value="2022-02-07">
<collectingDate id="4754E8A26286CA9382F3FAB3CC0F291D" value="2022-02-07">2022 - II- 7</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="F6FD49ADBEFC54D72BA8E6CDB76ADA2B">Xuhongyi Zheng</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZFBG" type="description">
<paragraph id="3052BB64A358FBF5B15147FD9E26B4D2">
<heading id="4019C5368176F92422E25FB7658779BD" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D8DBF44DDA59069B6562700825610175">
(see
<bibRefCitation id="5C86ACD3495DF3A5713F2E1737504296" author="Nguyen and Bae" firstAuthor="Nguyen" issue="3-4" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana" pagination="453-466" refId="B8" refString="Nguyen VV, Bae YJ (2003) The mayfly family Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Vietnam. Insecta Koreana 20 (34): 453466." title="The mayfly family Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Vietnam." volume="20" year="2003">Nguyen and Bae 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDGBG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="260525D2665CE8373AF334E9FB3E2357">
<heading id="F0B59B7B7452C179BB72EEA849BA62DB" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E6EDC8412BDD2127F2701667747C813">
The nymph of
<taxonomicName id="D1C755CACFDF59DF656C31BEA0C51F9A" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascia">
<emphasis id="08DF70C35DEE6B0F6BE660FCAA098382" italics="true">I. fascia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="506BD56069FB85D13B66E203D71BFB1D">
<emphasis id="698527C7EDCFF0ADB79F5200E009ECDD" italics="true">Isca</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: abdominal terga I II and VII IX dark brown, terga III
<collectionCode id="DC4AC04290225ACA230E8CB6DFBF7596" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
light brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3088728AEA34EC4C6E1B5637A383C4E5" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Nymphal structures of I. fascia: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) D hypopharynx E mandible (left: left mandible, right: right mandible) F maxilla (ventral view) G labium (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305825">14 A</figureCitation>
); abdominal sterna I
<collectionCode id="8427500BC90EFFF8BBFDA855CC5D8EEC" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
and X light brown, sterna VII IX dark brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3CCB7C620D4813FE37DDEEEA4FD5EECD" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Nymphal structures of I. fascia: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) D hypopharynx E mandible (left: left mandible, right: right mandible) F maxilla (ventral view) G labium (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305825">14 B</figureCitation>
). The male imago of
<taxonomicName id="B279EE5555161FC5C22BD1798E87937A" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascia">
<emphasis id="CFD49F0FDC31AC1ACD9684E86DFAF2CD" italics="true">I. fascia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by: wings translucent, vein MA forked slightly more than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin; cilia present on posterior margin of wings (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5F280F169B1F4B188F3BCC156336E455" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male structures of I. fascia: A male imago (lateral view) B head (dorsal view) C genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305826">15 A</figureCitation>
); abdominal terga I II and VII IX dark brown, terga III
<collectionCode id="DA53F237E2951B0D22C44E2858FBADE1" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
pale (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2641CCF2B87C54EEC459470EAFEAAE80" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male structures of I. fascia: A male imago (lateral view) B head (dorsal view) C genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305826">15 A</figureCitation>
); forceps pale (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FF1A17946CD45997C2EE13E77A97F55A" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male structures of I. fascia: A male imago (lateral view) B head (dorsal view) C genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305826">15 C</figureCitation>
); penes yellow, large, lateral margin round, fused basally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="08F67BFECAF4783DDD7BB6990DBBCCA6" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male structures of I. fascia: A male imago (lateral view) B head (dorsal view) C genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305826">15 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="82FFFFB7543E62F0449B32B7B5C05DAC" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure14" ID-arpha="BF7466B2-9834-5707-BD2B-0C1D1EFDCA6A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305825" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="B1DB8B1721F74049F80D3639BD080D80">
<label id="83502FED91AE0A025E0F9316C3AF9557">Figure 14.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2617390FF36FE9BFA54C81219CF688E">
Nymphal structures of
<taxonomicName id="D8EE4C7A0DBC1DC32C93E44CA08DFB2F" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascia">
<emphasis id="470B055D581BC4246D2D225AFA7A41F9" italics="true">I. fascia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B037ABAEE401F079C8AAC47CD4C33B79" bold="true">A</emphasis>
male nymph (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="346B9B3B87BB4CDB9AFC5AD4E80D7C1C" bold="true">B</emphasis>
male nymph (ventral view)
<emphasis id="21BF3B308D1C26CE7346F90B1076F80E" bold="true">C</emphasis>
labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view)
<emphasis id="E52710308A43173DB19D683CF04F6071" bold="true">D</emphasis>
hypopharynx
<emphasis id="1F29FC01A57343FD16E08AAB3B5DCDE1" bold="true">E</emphasis>
mandible (left: left mandible, right: right mandible)
<emphasis id="50A0A84C64EA791FAD1B698797196FF4" bold="true">F</emphasis>
maxilla (ventral view)
<emphasis id="3E4AB3E7464BED8E06A0A21891F000C8" bold="true">G</emphasis>
labium (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B37F4455669E8FD60E32A1633CD0B972" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure15" ID-arpha="26DDA749-05A9-52B4-8E44-F955001FDEA1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305826" startId="F15">
<paragraph id="21414CBAAC40538F6DC460A9D0AB92E3">
<label id="2B2A143F3BB801470C62596ADB48F660">Figure 15.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9A3F06B99706396CB153A5C9AC6CB7E">
Male structures of
<taxonomicName id="FE93238E0575B40F9751E919DFAE1228" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascia">
<emphasis id="F7F80E16FDDB1CEE19299BD3C4D84CC3" italics="true">I. fascia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="870354E072F4B9FABBD0684E6B1B7E3C" bold="true">A</emphasis>
male imago (lateral view)
<emphasis id="48A24C46B2F2115AC0545084C3C8BB96" bold="true">B</emphasis>
head (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="EE1CE729C98DB6E08FDD0489D12CB894" bold="true">C</emphasis>
genitalia (ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECKBG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4A2CDF9FD1A8A1AE012CFDA638D97E0B">
<heading id="5E5FBBBCB5E0AF694AAFF9F3D9C23F10" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="709B4584409A3000424BFD2A20EB2525">
<collectingCountry id="C60D2A5272A96AA266582ABBF3E7AED4" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="3002538A67F6BC3E2C56B50AB216B656" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Prov.</collectingRegion>
); northern
<collectingCountry id="52CD5FC4E21B36A731DA749060DA38A6" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
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<mods:title id="976C5390CDF791831FC7F9C1096051B0">Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record</mods:title>
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<treatment id="BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15195801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15195801" ID-arpha="BADF030C-CCB7-5F0D-ABCE-D2A0225289F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9">
<subSubSection id="D91D07139240AF40D040E834ABBA8B16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="46BA6AF64FA29CA27950BEF76D9145BD">
<taxonomicName id="63BCFF193C1A5E78CA7EE6E0315FC61B" ID-CoL="3Q3KH" authority="Gillies, 1951" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="5D7F624DD47151C7E34B0DBEC6FE7E8C" italics="true">Isca purpurea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2300761F28C0DD6B2CBBEC252A25911A" DOI="10.1111/j.1365-3113.1951.tb01009.x" author="Gillies MT" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B)" pagination="121-130" refId="B3" refString="Gillies MT (1951) Further notes on Ephemeroptera from India and South East Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B) 20: 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1951.tb01009.x" title="Further notes on Ephemeroptera from India and South East Asia." volume="20" year="1951">Gillies, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="29DDDC5D73B5E30D6351C0BEB534B000" type="description">
<paragraph id="423E002E0A61377DC7A375C5CD594882">
<figureCitation id="293250C209E368EBD9AC4DF6A0CAAD34" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM photos: A egg from female subimago of I. acutata sp. nov. B egg from female nymph of Isca purpurea." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305817">Figs 6 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DA6401F5AA062813597AF203BF8ED330" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0ABB1A893CB2A3894A1C3D64503F381" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mouth part of I. purpurea: A labrum (dorsal view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305820">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A2641DEE9D7AAA383F316D281453560E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male imago of I. purpurea: A dorsal view B ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305821">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C06618D2F14E351FC4C8D3BA125CB2B5" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F381CB6AEE7A0EB685513F34A0D5D70B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female structures of I. purpurea: A female subimago (dorsal view) B sternum IX (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305823">12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0EB1698C1A828D31DACC7953D30C8BB" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A8290CD7915D20BB5D295BBB0522FAC9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="74763A8803243BBA2A6DB9DA6D18D26D">
<treatmentCitation id="642F0887696EB7CD32D3DFD9D992E8EE" author="Gillies MT" page="130" year="1951">
<taxonomicName id="AAD391E876BE3F5A4A0CAC9F6355DC3A" ID-CoL="3Q3KH" authority="Gillies, 1951: 21 - 130" authorityName="Gillies" authorityPageNumber="21 - 130" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="F2A8048733DD6159D532FD0EF2D463DB" italics="true">Isca purpurea</emphasis>
<comment id="943A6D8CAA65CBC7211B5934AB5AF42B">
<bibRefCitation id="15BF070918E1A5A7E66F51D590753B89" DOI="10.1111/j.1365-3113.1951.tb01009.x" author="Gillies MT" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B)" pagination="121-130" refId="B3" refString="Gillies MT (1951) Further notes on Ephemeroptera from India and South East Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B) 20: 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1951.tb01009.x" title="Further notes on Ephemeroptera from India and South East Asia." volume="20" year="1951">Gillies, 1951: 21130</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1522 (male, female).
<typeStatus id="6FD252FF0E08E9CF99EE77FE2BD58F23">Type</typeStatus>
: male, from
<collectingCountry id="D561E3E2CBCE557BBE11CA0E5FA8BC45" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="349C61AF20C69DBE92684CBED328B9AB" name="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="48836839B469B50D456BF136072E84B9" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
(Mirik).
</comment>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A4EE2AC5BDAA77DCAE93E5C5F1BD08D">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6B9092BBCEDA30B03046C05356D5F455">
<treatmentCitation id="20536C86339F3D9AB3BA6D5B5E35E1C6">
<taxonomicName id="CA987E0708E3CD444E70C648D28DA5A8" ID-CoL="3Q3KH" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="B053B7B58BDCC7CF0785FD6C86B1AFD6" italics="true">Isca purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<comment id="DD2C5112CC9A97149D1408018DD4008B">
:
<treatmentCitation id="9BF2922CDE609DFCA7C3995AA772581C" author="Peters WL &amp; Edmunds Jr GF" page="159 - 240" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="41418EA36E2CEFC8EA0BA12209F32587" author="Peters WL &amp; Edmunds Jr GF" firstAuthor="Peters" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Insects" page="159 - 240" pagination="157-240" refId="B9" refString="Peters WL, Edmunds Jr GF (1970) Revision of the generic classification of the Eastern Hemisphere Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera). Pacific Insects 12: 157240." title="Revision of the generic classification of the Eastern Hemisphere Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera)." volume="12" year="1970">Peters and Edmunds 1970: 159240</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 71, 106, 330, 350357 (nymph, male).
</comment>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERUAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="C90C653933CF7DD3B0F56B340C44191B">
<heading id="A5387DCFFEC6E84D0EE9FE4A9005C8F5" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2546E6F9B71D40631CB368C1C7768720">
<materialsCitation id="9F45E3A57F7D9CA174AF8A2DACC90BE7" collectingDate="2024-04-02" collectingDateMax="2024-04-14" collectingDateMin="2024-04-02" collectorName="Dewen Gong &amp; Xuhongyi Zheng" country="China" elevation="460" latitude="24.701645" location="Chebaling Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.19069" municipality="Shaoguan City" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangdong">
55 nymphs,
<location id="1D1A858CBD8F351154A917F5773A7FF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9:1D1A858CBD8F351154A917F5773A7FF1" country="China" latitude="24.701645" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.19069" municipality="Shaoguan City" name="Chebaling Mountain" stateProvince="Guangdong">Chebaling Mountain</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="126B9751228A921A931686475A153C6A">Shaoguan City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="BAFDE212BA6E9F10F4136DE532841129" country="China" name="Guangdong">Guangdong Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B5B1E6DF773B27AB18F2DC70E9EF74F8" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="D59449826F58ACBE643B97950ECFA14A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" unit="m" value="460.0">
<quantity id="C31CADA7AC0BA9431D3A907CD8ABBA1A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1UAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[114.190687,24.701644]}">
<geoCoordinate id="E502CD00A27D182421B7DBDDF0854FEE" degrees="24.701644" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.701645">24.701644 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="12D70C5DB01BB0A2479ABD422BB25BDE" degrees="114.190687" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="114.19069">114.190687 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="6EE9D1DDCF42323853B1768732A6F905" value="2024-04-02" valueMax="2024-04-14" valueMin="2024-04-02">
<collectingDate id="168010838AD2CCD7172733EBBC78FD59" value="2024-04-02" valueMax="2024-04-14" valueMin="2024-04-02">2024 - IV- 2-14</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="8E58ED2C414EE5BDD5C5B018150F4DA3">Dewen Gong</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="8C05FA3565F24C81BD47751474011A3E">Xuhongyi Zheng</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="11F5E494F61A98BA41C2B65A2BE3E74C" collectingDate="2024-04-25" collectorName="Xuhongyi Zheng" country="China" county="Fuzhou City" elevation="390" latitude="26.251947" location="Laipoli" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.2839" municipality="Jinan District" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="Fujian">
<specimenCount id="288A42156C7B3A5E7E3117371F403BA4" count="10" type="male">10 male</specimenCount>
imagoes,
<specimenCount id="A114FC9DE07117E5BA0DE23062309384" count="3" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
subimagoes, 3 nymphs,
<location id="362774E40EBF7DCF180C2C58F487F0B3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9:362774E40EBF7DCF180C2C58F487F0B3" country="China" county="Fuzhou City" latitude="26.251947" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.2839" municipality="Jinan District" name="Laipoli" stateProvince="Fujian">Laipoli</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="24255D52E6588042304086C59A241E72">Jinan District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="CDE4E212395DD1A8910AA0FBFD0C9E64">Fuzhou City</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="F053F3AF98CEB99F35EC9A7F061F20F9" country="China" name="Fujian">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="93B4183EAFC4D29C0A0A85456CD4D884" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="C0FF713A21E6FC022FC05FDADD608EDB" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="m" value="390.0">
<quantity id="4B419BAAF5548D539EB147B807265FB5" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="m" value="390.0">390 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ECVAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[119.283899,26.251947]}">
<geoCoordinate id="0CEB5112FB57DD5F92AD976F145C1DAD" degrees="26.251947" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="26.251947">26.251947 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E407E9457204FCEB045B36C0FF096D12" degrees="119.283899" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="119.2839">119.283899 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="1AC0A3751285E781E9A4C650728FACF4" value="2024-04-25">
<collectingDate id="AD8B5C2CC0705A4A99ECE83E4B6BAD23" value="2024-04-25">2024 - IV- 25</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="738E43BE5C438D4C5C35DAA027800C34">Xuhongyi Zheng</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="80C30AF632B99E75BE6B634945DD218D" collectingDate="2020-09-14" collectorName="Zhengxing MA" country="China" latitude="24.5398" location="Jiulian Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.4679" municipality="Ganzhou City" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jiangxi">
5 nymphs,
<location id="1B9B13B13FA317AA65A9FD88C7B12A6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9:1B9B13B13FA317AA65A9FD88C7B12A6E" country="China" latitude="24.5398" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.4679" municipality="Ganzhou City" name="Jiulian Mountain" stateProvince="Jiangxi">Jiulian Mountain</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0C21205F9890FA1760C7BF32F2C1A61D">Ganzhou City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="87CF8EA17D4DE3E0E4549FF028B528A2" country="China" name="Jiangxi">Jiangxi Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="AC0F58BC2527E677378594794D441093" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EKVAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[114.467900,24.539800]}">
<geoCoordinate id="C070623D700B3173B0A91961B5AD7B78" degrees="24.539800" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.5398">24.539800 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B74E5F871F5D367D12709C7A3AAB80AD" degrees="114.467900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="114.4679">114.467900 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="FFE1CB9471E498735C4DBD1BCE3239A9" value="2020-09-14">
<collectingDate id="6C350872464F6EF96D4916B7EAF7DCC7" value="2020-09-14">2020 - IX- 14</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="70730E3398558EEED5B4F4E35D561AD4">Zhengxing MA</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOVAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="E2D8D2A745D8532AA7A7CA0278DDFF68">
<heading id="B6AD6E55FABC74CBEDC0E35334885A0C" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="160157CD036FC9E446AF5FC9E636BBEC">
<emphasis id="C62C19550908C01E1DA170A715473381" bold="true" italics="true">Nymph (in alcohol, first formal description)</emphasis>
: Body length 4.0
<quantity id="0EE5E183828D62E8FBB8584DF172FBCB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="80FADCE37C429E718B39099CD1A3B60C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8 A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="56075B4E1E8C437113B52F9397F91E51" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" ID-arpha="0CBFFC09-4B7D-59AB-BF62-CFC1FFA9E90A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="505A0A071ACE2F879B22DB0FED0FC637">
<label id="E6CCAF2F8F33C8FABB8A1BD2DDEABA41">Figure 8.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA64CCB61736BF37510061D9EF7641B1">
Nymphal structures of
<taxonomicName id="CB8AF0C1CAEE86798B28D98A0BB2FE55" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="6CF9C7B0C64A58E50B9A2844BC6AC3E6" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="A03CADA6FE41B8DF1412EFDC0AB3FD6C" bold="true">A</emphasis>
male nymph (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="277AB0EFD3652038DF8182787748C62B" bold="true">B</emphasis>
male nymph (ventral view)
<emphasis id="7228B40A273595E6807527030E8D1091" bold="true">C</emphasis>
foreleg
<emphasis id="84ED584CA7C9F2BC9D659359B367E7EE" bold="true">D</emphasis>
midleg
<emphasis id="9CA1EBDDF8C06CF87B38DB6A33D42FFF" bold="true">E</emphasis>
hindleg
<emphasis id="52008A4D22402F1DF5BF2B10E01E9F46" bold="true">F</emphasis>
claw
<emphasis id="830B81C2203069C9EF7B48DB3CCE64BF" bold="true">G</emphasis>
gill IV
<emphasis id="0DA8E926DFF04CCA45BCDFDC03110D57" bold="true">H</emphasis>
gill VII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="840F4ADB4EB50256AC9DB70A50DE7B36">
General coloration brownish, thorax light brown, abdomen brownish, without any specific pattern, ventral surface much lighter. Wingpad dark brown, legs uniformly yellowish (Fig.
<figureCitation id="38C45918EE2F9FE901511AB969FF8146" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8 A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="441CF6A359ECD0F88630E08511FC74B5">
Head: prognathous (Fig.
<figureCitation id="842C1AA8EB0F36903EB3AD12B814FE1D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8 A, B</figureCitation>
). Labrum ca. 1.8 times wider than long, anterior margin concaved in the middle, lateral-anterior angle rounded, lateral-posterior margin shrunken inward; dorsal side with two rows of setae anteriorly, anterior row denser than posterior row but length of them subequal (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CF90B1D349493685BC7D905F2E4845E0" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mouth part of I. purpurea: A labrum (dorsal view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305820">9 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BC5DDDEAC57152EF574BBE065FC40ED3" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure9" ID-arpha="2778FDE8-7CDD-5F99-B876-AD7AB3344938" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305820" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="772989425F4C31D33BDB498D160FA4DB">
<label id="41B9555FFEBFAFE3B9AA46981D4C1A7B">Figure 9.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85800E7A799A915D066D8F0358552095">
Mouth part of
<taxonomicName id="0B5B57ADBB74F639EED86E4A18DD6790" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="FB22993CEEF987C2A2C436051548328B" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="57BD0ACC5762CC26C00DE6F277C3F7B0" bold="true">A</emphasis>
labrum (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="8D4E17012F3D3FB6867AD395010DF787" bold="true">B</emphasis>
mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible)
<emphasis id="D39D05A10E09052035AE2D04FD3FA8FF" bold="true">C</emphasis>
hypopharynx
<emphasis id="BC1F5B02AC0DEBD9AA5C562283DAD000" bold="true">D</emphasis>
maxilla (ventral view)
<emphasis id="E7B81DD041CF3B851B3BF410E0255166" bold="true">E</emphasis>
labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="963F3A83B6FF27F208D087E76DC38013">
Mandible with rounded outer margin, with 14 setae in the middle; outer incisor of left mandible with 3 apical teeth, inner incisor with 3 teeth, prostheca with a spur and a tuft of spines; outer incisor of right mandible with 3 teeth, inner incisor with 2 teeth and a denticle aside, prostheca with a relatively small spur and a tuft of spines, 4 long setae under the molar (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0D97A2689935669C5B2C68F286A4555D" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mouth part of I. purpurea: A labrum (dorsal view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305820">9 B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06E17DA40B0C2A1CD2A17329EAEB0DB9">
Hypopharynx: superlinguae with concave lateral margins, apex with setal tufts, lateral angles rounded (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5C7FB40A63C036BB698EB3CF1D303090" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mouth part of I. purpurea: A labrum (dorsal view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305820">9 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1AD7D33435F939914D3E7B31C9482228">
Maxilla covered with dense crown of setae, galea-lacinia with row of setae, margin of cardo with 5 long setae; maxillary palp 3 - segmented, length ratio of 3 segments from I to III = 1.6: 1.0: 1.2, outer margin of segment I with 5 setae, segment II with a seta on the tip, segment III with 2 setae, tip of segment III with tuft of relatively short setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E699A1497D92298924453C71B6D209C8" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mouth part of I. purpurea: A labrum (dorsal view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305820">9 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B50794DC66BBC357F166A2928D8A8A6">
Labium like other
<taxonomicName id="52D46A63944C737F54FF08570EC9AC0D">
<emphasis id="3A089139C508CF3857B88E852A6A3434" italics="true">Isca</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, the ratio of 3 segments of labial palp from I to III = 1.3: 0.9: 1.0 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7F93C81E6327B8A89DA96D3393AAF602" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Mouth part of I. purpurea: A labrum (dorsal view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305820">9 E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC813384B2A5BF5ED9FBCF22B3950928">
Thorax: Setae on outer margin of femur strong, relatively longer than that on inner margin; inner margin of tibiae and tarsi with stout setae; outer margin of tibiae and tarsi with hair-like setae, those on tibia of hindleg with extra stout setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5167E9F6C0F70D379FF80BBEC0FD8F1C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8 C E</figureCitation>
). Claw with 11 denticles 4 on inner side small, 1 on outer side biggest (Fig.
<figureCitation id="76533119D4FE20C2B3A8C61109184195" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8 F</figureCitation>
). Ratio of femora: tibiae: tarsi of forelegs = 2.0: 1.8: 1.0, that of midlegs is 2.3: 1.9: 1.0, and hindlegs = 2.5: 2.2: 1.0 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0FD586325F9F1F2F35B170DFA5EFCF34" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8 C E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72C18ABB3E5A8691ADEC08D9AE6398C">
Abdomen: posterior surface of each tergite with contiguous acute spines, posterolateral projection on segment IX only (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2177B8FB13F5AAF2B393C4B78936FA59" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8 A, B</figureCitation>
). Gills present on segments II to VII of ventral abdomen (Fig.
<figureCitation id="43A440470B17635608593AEAAB6DEA30" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8 B</figureCitation>
). Gills II to
<collectionCode id="2E5EC662001D3C91DD63488F035361FD" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
similar morphologically, consisted of two slender and unbranched lamella, gill VII with single slender lamella (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F6770B3AABC52A0592856848943C7683" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nymphal structures of I. purpurea: A male nymph (dorsal view) B male nymph (ventral view) C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G gill IV H gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305819">8 G, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C1EFC2B3819FFEE5EBE05FE05A5A17BE">
<emphasis id="3481E4125CB7FFEF46061489F0AFD167" bold="true" italics="true">Male imago</emphasis>
(in alcohol; also see
<bibRefCitation id="0FDE28672ECF6DE7355C167486C38A85" DOI="10.1111/j.1365-3113.1951.tb01009.x" author="Gillies" firstAuthor="Gillies" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B)" pagination="121-130" refId="B3" refString="Gillies MT (1951) Further notes on Ephemeroptera from India and South East Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B) 20: 121130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1951.tb01009.x" title="Further notes on Ephemeroptera from India and South East Asia." volume="20" year="1951">Gillies 1951</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="CF10EE89A17B32A7A3918E221439D5F8" author="Peters and Edmunds" firstAuthor="Peters" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Insects" pagination="157-240" refId="B9" refString="Peters WL, Edmunds Jr GF (1970) Revision of the generic classification of the Eastern Hemisphere Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera). Pacific Insects 12: 157240." title="Revision of the generic classification of the Eastern Hemisphere Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera)." volume="12" year="1970">Peters and Edmunds 1970</bibRefCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25F31C6C7FE6A36EC2E59FFDB8EE1FF4">
Body length
<quantity id="ABA6DA90E60360659471E119E688B160" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
, generally brownish (Fig.
<figureCitation id="56BD65F0730A9545DD750D8E0E33029C" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male imago of I. purpurea: A dorsal view B ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305821">10</figureCitation>
). Head: Compound eyes contiguous basally, upper part separated with dark stripes around facets (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4B5C3925F39614121C149D658B41137F" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1986C55F10EAB3291627D886741F203A" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure10" ID-arpha="0FE581D9-525F-5CB7-8B70-5FB13DC00F41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305821" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="5FC0198D720379203FD0AED8DEF4DDAF">
<label id="1250AA0CD6A94B880C71E61A9C3C7D7E">Figure 10.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A19E466CA876F73CD65B45B0D4D962A">
Male imago of
<taxonomicName id="E8C337EFE73010EED9DC982D9F47F10E" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="C1CCA9027D61AC211F823418AF1BA828" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="8BF47183F1DE6262BD311ED26EE9AD74" bold="true">A</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="F1E21F91CD6DCE62E08F04F92190B30E" bold="true">B</emphasis>
ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="869B9198A0244FFADD9CA408740E5105" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" ID-arpha="B519FE9F-4824-5FCA-A66E-FA9851041AE1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="5011D81BD32CF24A733EF535F6687793">
<label id="1A5076E83BFFA57CBACEFCADAD61BDD6">Figure 11.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="23B97CEC2B9DC8F9F131DE1340791029">
Male structures of
<taxonomicName id="AE2B2EC9D62ABE3385E9C33AC7547DC9" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="1179154C4FEC9EAB4369FC381CACA7DC" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="320947820F16A12CFB06EB782D1552F3" bold="true">A</emphasis>
head (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="A12D17E629777141CD2393A4626157BE" bold="true">B</emphasis>
wing
<emphasis id="00AF5157AC10840D7FBA7122C09F275A" bold="true">C</emphasis>
foreleg
<emphasis id="A8847508CA2781895EA2DDC51EE91DEF" bold="true">D</emphasis>
midleg
<emphasis id="619E8F1F02CF03585EADC8EC5E6A5E0A" bold="true">E</emphasis>
hindleg
<emphasis id="98E6DCBB0A939ED86F43E99BDD4C954C" bold="true">F</emphasis>
claw
<emphasis id="C33435516939BC02F183F37208BAB2A1" bold="true">G</emphasis>
genitalia (ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6019D333A3121A497BD2DC17DCE96D2A">
Legs generally dark brown, mid part of femora slightly lighter than both ends, tarsus of foreleg brownish from base to tip (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E5F3F40E6C16E0F345737F9BD73A9996" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 C</figureCitation>
). Ratio of femur: tibia: tarsus of foreleg = 1.0: 3.1: 3.1, those of midleg and hind leg = 2.9: 2.2: 1.0 and 3.2: 2.5: 1.0, ratio of foretarsal segments from I to
<collectionCode id="86A29E49AD626CFE86E5E77DA9FDD840" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
= 1.0: 13.7: 12.5: 8.0: 3.0 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="69FF5E47FEB7416EC3D1471F5301AF37" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 C E</figureCitation>
). Claw dissimilar, one hooked and acute, one blunt (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BC84444906C5C57D4F95BC401510D81C" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89A55712F357000C3972A0647943A38D">
Wing brown, transparent; veins clear, posterior margin with cilia, vein MA forked slightly more than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8513E236A589EDE60F672C90C8BDB514" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BDD13E2E18E1729B8C8669C0CF21091">
Abdomen: tergites of both dorsal and ventral view dark brown; tergite IX with posterolateral projection (Fig.
<figureCitation id="01B5403FADAD1CD557A432E18051DE45" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male imago of I. purpurea: A dorsal view B ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305821">10</figureCitation>
). Genitalia: forceps brownish, segment I longest, midpart slightly protuberant inward; segment II slightly longer than III. Penes brownish; broad at base, gradually narrowing to tip; base separated; tips sharp, bend inward; length of penes about 2 / 5 of forceps (Fig.
<figureCitation id="74696699A685C9FA0ABF7BE1C80817B0" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFEAE016B1E79B964005B765D382BF0B">
<emphasis id="E369D8DB3E277D60F3852B492C4C55A3" bold="true" italics="true">Female (in alcohol)</emphasis>
: Body length
<quantity id="87896737695D87B08DB445738AFADC9B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
, terminal filaments brown with spine-like setae. Coloration like male, apex of sternum IX deeply concave (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2119397F512CC4BBFC3E4E3C876AEA54" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female structures of I. purpurea: A female subimago (dorsal view) B sternum IX (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305823">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="04C3B97CE43003F6878D4724984C68B0" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure12" ID-arpha="BCC0A31E-1D07-5F48-9110-F7FD3877C5AC" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305823" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="E8DFF340D69DD211063EDD4015D5B271">
<label id="087770EFE5D6B3F560C1F573FB5BA253">Figure 12.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A492DC685F3D9F4CEA3E5BE5AD90C85">
Female structures of
<taxonomicName id="EB6780CF907C041FAA3F1375724505A3" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="7FA9F9ED054305268BE230CC367E17A6" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="79EE885401103643FD4A748C25D73DA9" bold="true">A</emphasis>
female subimago (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="E2432BE885EEDEF1DB3E8154865E6CCB" bold="true">B</emphasis>
sternum IX (ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ES6AG" type="Egg">
<paragraph id="F4B210DA8A099408172FE0F3D08E3634">
<heading id="0CD41DB9EFD17A4BFA51344EA4B030EC" reason="title">Egg.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370735CB067B028365DA36107D38E260">
Egg oval, length about 100 μm, width about 50 μm, surface covered with subequal small protuberances (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2674F4D5252446A8C0445405416FF193" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM photos: A egg from female subimago of I. acutata sp. nov. B egg from female nymph of Isca purpurea." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305817">6 B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E36AG" type="biology">
<paragraph id="01EBA63BE21648B6EAE8729B39566BED">
<heading id="72E56E5A3EA7FEC13FC893EBCFC4B99E" reason="title">Biology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="217647C27F310A8AC1CBF6DE4C3CC56E">
Like
<taxonomicName id="A942B9F04EC83D7E0CBC18E71618BA3D" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata">
<emphasis id="D0EF7F79157E2DB3E71D94AC88129F89" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nymphs of
<taxonomicName id="0DDE5BF3C526040C97D78F96EFCE841D" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="0002919CD5B293CBCD28833B9F39B045" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found under stones with coarse surfaces in slow flowing mountain stream; the stream was about
<quantity id="32C4550E85644D5FD7B05734D02DFE45" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
wide with good shade (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5290D5FAD5E51EBBA6810D2312B8C4A5" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitat of I. purpurea." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305824">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A86A77D556DCBA035BDCE12B4F183C9E" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure13" ID-arpha="537BA33C-A305-5575-980C-98AEDF0DFDDD" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305824" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="4D3DB0DBFF94CFA34D5EDFB188469EA8">
<label id="0A3FB5F6FDBCE0863126E0BC5750443F">Figure 13.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1330EA2025BC25B2DFF90C9C17574496">
Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="095FF4A6287D84D697A7FFAAE19B2E53" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="20BA29C522DA5DE9E5F8E5740A61BF07" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUBBG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6B9338BF6E939ABD56516E9E8C34F7B5">
<heading id="E655C57A5256CA6EC3655D33361E128B" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AC305AD665CFE820F96A1C076C906FC">
The nymph of
<taxonomicName id="D36FDBB59CAE6B83597FA1247DAE3907" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="9750B1C4F2E695BE38875C440D10DCF4" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="C54107C88FE9468728192034B0677F0A">
<emphasis id="56C71FBABC1AB83369B06423C8E928A0" italics="true">Isca</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: abdominal terga brown, and abdominal sterna light brown. The male imago of
<taxonomicName id="20EDBE0ECB55C832EA581F84069D5F21" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="51E45EA4C20942939D3DDBB004875174" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by vein MA forked slightly more than 1 / 2 of the distance from base to margin (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9F4E31BA56D0875CC0C08C519515FA2B" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 B</figureCitation>
); cilia present on the posterior margin of the wings (Fig.
<figureCitation id="63832A23356B83CD3C9CD3C9CB3314AB" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 B</figureCitation>
); abdominal terga and sterna dark brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EB1969218D7073DF7B30D3B865DAEC21" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male imago of I. purpurea: A dorsal view B ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305821">10</figureCitation>
); forceps and penes brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="81A1DC2DB26514194C12463DAE7D1364" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 G</figureCitation>
); and penes separated widely at base, tip hook-like, curved inward (Fig.
<figureCitation id="66578086A231BABF26F9C13D2C10F099" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male structures of I. purpurea: A head (dorsal view) B wing C foreleg D midleg E hindleg F claw G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305822">11 G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELDBG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7B831FB30B44604F3E64B5A837DD2E2E">
<heading id="5B7AD383565FAD01A80D83229BEFD415" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BAAB9AB2704C1E2A4DE97B9D49E02791">
<collectingCountry id="4028C257A8951DA32E6CA333A6973B13" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="1F0C5062EE5DAC95207B03C9009E92C7" name="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi);
<collectingCountry id="E8A837FF0961B281535A6A56878D3FEE" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
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<mods:title id="07A260C386EDE7E39FE68905DA108617">Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="B95993ACDE5E2D8B1762C70ECC292477" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="54AA324A974CD9302D02065219240EE1">
<taxonomicName id="642AC4F0296DB68CF7863B9E450A361A" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB35D02FE0DB388B672097E7835A815C" italics="true">Isca acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B30D5E23D60E79B944A50127CA9BD385" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3BEC2FA26AF2B9E076AFD8BC1105DCFC" type="description">
<paragraph id="96FB8C9C36E1E73A66BB9FD4067B1280">
<figureCitation id="A1A21C357E53185F30556F86CC458023" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7C0DC776EB88278E43876429277A3082" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mouth part of I. acutata sp. nov.: A labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305813">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5EF95F2049F5CFB52270C7EF95F08A1E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male of I. acutata sp. nov.: A imago (dorsal view, living specimen in the field) B imago (dorsal view) C imago (ventral view) D imago with exuviate of subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305814">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A0AE119D0BD82CDCE8A148FE4AA746AA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8BE50E42954D8316827BA6783D9C596A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Female structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female subimago (living specimen) B female subimago (dorsal view) C sternum IX (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305816">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A7F3E7EB2A627B0290F2E23BEB8FE320" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM photos: A egg from female subimago of I. acutata sp. nov. B egg from female nymph of Isca purpurea." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305817">6 A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENZAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="4E0AE13AC7800908EEC20F38C5939A52">
<heading id="E5C046067136E1DAF36B92A43C8EAC4C" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7644C42DAF1A1AC35D71212F5E430E43">
<materialsCitation id="6FF905C6EB51AFC761527AEAB916384E" collectingDate="2024-01-08" collectingDateMax="2024-01-10" collectingDateMin="2024-01-08" collectorName="Dewen Gong &amp; Xuhongyi Zheng" country="China" elevation="730" latitude="18.907854" location="Shuiman Village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.67936" municipality="Wuzhishan City" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hainan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="A9E73ED464E86D722B213E7EE0C83348" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="C3D065A8C435844C7E30D414280F79DF" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="E04BE62AE597E695CA5BB1DCF60D1979" count="1" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
imago,
<location id="8652232ED0B42CA23037848E96D8CEF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF:8652232ED0B42CA23037848E96D8CEF4" country="China" latitude="18.907854" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.67936" municipality="Wuzhishan City" name="Shuiman Village" stateProvince="Hainan">Shuiman Village</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9A0BC1B4CD59DAD80764503E8084AA11">Wuzhishan City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="D5229C3AC818C41CD0FCF991CA65AD54" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="65601CE1726A0FB6A32BD0BCF46F5A8E" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="76D2D46C364769A32DA1D3133EC2BF74" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" unit="m" value="730.0">
<quantity id="8EFA2B0D8162C382707134158351978E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" unit="m" value="730.0">730 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E2ZAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.679361,18.907855]}">
<geoCoordinate id="A46B79A37E5BA947EC7871FA2D114B3B" degrees="18.907855" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.907854">18.907855 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E234035EEE4C726838BE8ED3526C5BA3" degrees="109.679361" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.67936">109.679361 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="D5B3248AC5925EC619E4C92EDBC2ACFE" value="2024-01-08" valueMax="2024-01-10" valueMin="2024-01-08">
<collectingDate id="0D1DF30481B02CC7BE7CFBDDB62420AA" value="2024-01-08" valueMax="2024-01-10" valueMin="2024-01-08">2024 - I- 8-10</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="12C763D561E2ED8BF36FF94281B07E1D">Dewen Gong</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="ADD5EA7162464689177258A9A6E5FEDF">Xuhongyi Zheng</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="F0F5BF62604EE0E6023BD2A2A9A38493" collectingDate="2024-01-08" collectingDateMax="2024-01-10" collectingDateMin="2024-01-08" collectorName="Dewen Gong &amp; Xuhongyi Zheng" country="China" elevation="730" latitude="18.907854" location="Shuiman Village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.67936" municipality="Wuzhishan City" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hainan" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="AD149C90C2C400F06D68C6AFCC77A74E" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="92B898EFFA01C9D3A50DE7E3E3A95B98" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="8B184DACE90167B481A32DEF07874C63" count="1" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
imago (reared from nymph) and 10 nymphs, same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ED1AE" type="material">
<paragraph id="8EF59A943554948F71E5DB1DD94E0E4B">
<heading id="0990E2C2025498E1C2C997A2C88BED27" reason="title">Other material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6227225F718AAD71267E54B8D6144D1D">
<materialsCitation id="56EE846AA93751F1AB989751AA686A73" collectingDate="2023-04-29" collectionCode="GONG" collectorName="Dewen &amp; Xiaofang Chen &amp; Xinhe Qiang" country="China" elevation="627" latitude="19.169685" location="Limu Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.74605" municipality="Wuzhishan City" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Hainan">
<specimenCount id="263C32FF539A8F6BCAE9528D5DC8ECFA" count="3" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
subimagoes (reared from nymphs), 21 nymphs,
<location id="C13D298A77BEC23D71FA1C2D7131ED11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF:C13D298A77BEC23D71FA1C2D7131ED11" country="China" latitude="19.169685" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.74605" municipality="Wuzhishan City" name="Limu Mountain" stateProvince="Hainan">Limu Mountain</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="16F1276C37C2E3DB5BC30A272472D2B7">Wuzhishan City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="4630AFAD958465DE2D7D28761B513023" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2B40D5C3B826B9D278AAA3FBD5C5543" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="01D56B83C6BBC561148E3FEB89E5B413" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.27" unit="m" value="627.0">
<quantity id="75AEFB2302EE7B8E7FBE3D070CB5D50B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.27" unit="m" value="627.0">627 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EM1AE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.746047,19.169685]}">
<geoCoordinate id="C9DF184DA64EF97D20541BBDBE28333F" degrees="19.169685" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.169685">19.169685 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68D528395665FF8B04F5E21C122EC4A9" degrees="109.746047" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.74605">109.746047 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="753F104FB723D346F2FF6C6218A8598D" value="2023-04-29">
<collectingDate id="34432539F76F8FB3BCD6116BEB99DD5F" value="2023-04-29">2023 - IV- 29</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="8D058D108B0A684ABDA5E62E47DBFD15">Dewen</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="BC6A741DCF17FE97381883E6E2D009FF">GONG</collectionCode>
,
<collectorName id="63576CA902A287B2BBCE4FF72F4F9A14">Xiaofang Chen</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="97E8BDB86CE341633259CCB8666A71F2">Xinhe Qiang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6381587992188172A61641572E584037" collectingDate="2022-06-29" collectionCode="QIANG" collectorName="Dewen Gong &amp; Manqing Ding &amp; Xinhe" country="China" county="Ledong County" elevation="850" latitude="18.743912" location="Jianfengling Moutain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="108.854416" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan">
4 nymphs,
<location id="32A992D10ACF0AEB6FC726A59B5216D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF:32A992D10ACF0AEB6FC726A59B5216D0" country="China" county="Ledong County" latitude="18.743912" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="108.854416" name="Jianfengling Moutain" stateProvince="Hainan">Jianfengling Moutain</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="5C1B34BEF36603F58555DE4B4A782449">Ledong County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="0AB8A6042FBC11E7012BDBB351356DA9" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B4F7676D4BB321D1F0702A08EB939538" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="4E0BE11635DF7F807E1EE76783A560E0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" unit="m" value="850.0">
<quantity id="B8C407611A8EC53FB948F82FC32961DC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EU1AE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[108.854413,18.743911]}">
<geoCoordinate id="104D7136109FF8E26CEC77BBA3CA86F4" degrees="18.743911" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.743912">18.743911 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="37BBE599F871311E7B1B94602FF2E079" degrees="108.854413" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="108.854416">108.854413 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="2F1BFEC80638F6D43E506BA2FA0FBA67" value="2022-06-29">
<collectingDate id="40BE2FD0F7A5A12DCCF19C135B442FCB" value="2022-06-29">2022 - VI- 29</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="19557A44BF7280CEC1BB680CB00F3DE0">Dewen Gong</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="FA80EEF3C3DFC625A83561471CB393CC">Manqing Ding</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="1C0183ED2A587215141154484C07B1D4">Xinhe</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="DCE5C3F1DA09A4143874F374EFEFD9F7">QIANG</collectionCode>
leg
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation id="2CF71DA1E91F772208BC86558CE82202" collectingDate="2022-07-06" collectorName="Dewen Gong &amp; Manqing Ding &amp; Xinhe Qiang" country="China" elevation="231" latitude="18.394447" location="Nandao Farm" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.3881" municipality="Sanya City" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan">
1 nymph,
<location id="C173896255FDAB2893B26D396F5DA5AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF:C173896255FDAB2893B26D396F5DA5AD" country="China" latitude="18.394447" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.3881" municipality="Sanya City" name="Nandao Farm" stateProvince="Hainan">Nandao Farm</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9FFD1EA0E25D91109906F71D84F77FF4">Sanya City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="04D7FE5D867DFAADF520AF25C28ECCB6" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BCC42DF6373FBC8C9FBD7916E995C96B" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="4DE94D2555C4EBACCD26DE67C3ABFC5C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" unit="m" value="231.0">
<quantity id="816D43BC2A968FE543D51CD54CA83D65" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" unit="m" value="231.0">231 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E31AE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.388103,18.394447]}">
<geoCoordinate id="CA906684BA2D452698D2E1A2F05FBB5F" degrees="18.394447" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.394447">18.394447 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F5A44FB2628662E815976EE8020FD4A6" degrees="109.388103" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.3881">109.388103 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="7E7C28F8CF5E68A749FBEAA3697C3007" value="2022-07-06">
<collectingDate id="71D8664C3EE64422D7212C17A2AFCE3F" value="2022-07-06">2022 - VII- 6</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="BD5AB6A4EB7C8F15CEB1A39CCF02EE35">Dewen Gong</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="F3676A78150AAB5ED9979556192A8745">Manqing Ding</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4C28510E04F1B0932174EA15784B716C">Xinhe Qiang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="218272C670CAA1DEE5728917376E1CAD" collectingDate="2024-01-11" collectorName="Dewen Gong &amp; Xuhongyi Zheng" country="China" county="Baoting County" elevation="280" latitude="18.702332" location="Qixianling Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.692116" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Hainan">
<specimenCount id="CE739BFED3938EC2414BCB5C8E3164B5" count="2" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
imagoes, 5 nymphs,
<location id="52A60EF826AB40EA760E48C3E07E2985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF:52A60EF826AB40EA760E48C3E07E2985" country="China" county="Baoting County" latitude="18.702332" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.692116" name="Qixianling Mountain" stateProvince="Hainan">Qixianling Mountain</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="721FD8EE623B2CC83C19862475FE6A82">Baoting County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="516B9306D65E15FEC48C56433A09A70B" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="55D382603B3947112EBACB059978D9F4" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="EE6C2EAB31393929F578D1C7F70320C9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="m" value="280.0">
<quantity id="6D0B9B3D0DD8B8B4E826E9F64817D70C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="m" value="280.0">280 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EE2AE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.692115,18.702331]}">
<geoCoordinate id="E88860C060C75BC2EF2171A5CB32FE26" degrees="18.702331" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.702332">18.702331 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0F4A4568F80CFDC5811D1BC31CF36F44" degrees="109.692115" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.692116">109.692115 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="0F3DB86ECFAC3B6FC332ACD6C9592B4B" value="2024-01-11">
<collectingDate id="D9A8428188BC00A870961380BDFC4AFD" value="2024-01-11">2024 - I- 11</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2EB1D2E615EE579D115A5A84E9611940">Dewen Gong</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="E129D81105FDD96377FE69A023D2FDC6">Xuhongyi Zheng</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJ2AE" type="description">
<paragraph id="78942C6BF2BA42DB167501248639DDD4">
<heading id="AB43288B94073074B119DA5EE167E71C" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72DCE72042DAFEC1BCFEE90EF0F6A33D">
<emphasis id="E9B317B1AFA86A092695E18710FA9633" bold="true" italics="true">Nymph (in alcohol)</emphasis>
: Body length
<quantity id="D6B9724F784D9A064409463DDD1563D4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.2" unit="mm" value="4.3" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="4.2">4.24.4 mm</quantity>
, cerci subequal to body length, terminal filament
<quantity id="2B49E840CC24B5D63A1A586D0714ADA5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.4" unit="mm" value="6.8" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="6.4">6.47.2 mm</quantity>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="53D60A07A1C537FA5D3E0E83D94B1577" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 A C</figureCitation>
). General coloration brown, head and thorax washed light brown, abdominal terga I VIII brown, terga IX X light brownish, without any specific pattern, sterna much lighter than terga. Wingpad dark brown, legs uniformly yellowish to amber (Fig.
<figureCitation id="94956B8F2B7354B7201AD39B07DEF8F9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 A C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="368EE928B6420C76C78F69A551BF6FEC" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" ID-arpha="3089C4EE-51A5-5339-A4BA-9016E729BBA0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="4DED788072795F264B60E987359F50E9">
<label id="B48C8E31F656BED267E13621D89B2B2E">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EDAE7D3193976FC44F3CB3860A6BEE73">
Nymphal structures of
<taxonomicName id="6E3A4369DC7E62137C39C7E9835C6F0A" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D371B4C667B4E7E9A578E78E3F00D4" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B9750018FB433F1FE49F6E196F7AEBA" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="24EB5C5F41FC2E797119338D76EED5EA" bold="true">A</emphasis>
female nymph (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="C9F55148B6ACC3BC466837E0B5D91ABF" bold="true">B</emphasis>
female nymph (ventral view)
<emphasis id="6DD3A965C24D96428CB3670C552A5C8B" bold="true">C</emphasis>
male nymph (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="B41E0B7558C03B3D9465F60F38DF96FC" bold="true">D</emphasis>
foreleg
<emphasis id="7B7717DD4356D30763742326C5D935BF" bold="true">E</emphasis>
midleg
<emphasis id="26E52C76B8CAACD044F40D493CBE6E4E" bold="true">F</emphasis>
hindleg
<emphasis id="36125BEA36F9688D3CC7848102797B3A" bold="true">G</emphasis>
claw
<emphasis id="A0729E7CDE1EE4D287E506E473EBD7E8" bold="true">H</emphasis>
gill IV
<emphasis id="13B9856DDE7538AC1F90F9A21FED79CF" bold="true">I</emphasis>
gill VII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="58B531AB91473AB31668E18B393BBD87">
Head: prognathous, area between three ocelli darker than others (Fig.
<figureCitation id="22F8B51223BA89B6A61CD452BD8496D1" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28F71FA1458F5BC2DE1C318D14D310A9">
Labrum: ca. 1.8 times wider than long, anterior margin concave in the middle, forming a wide V-shape, lateral-anterior angle rounded, lateral-posterior margin shrunken inward; dorsal surface with two rows of setae sub-marginally, setae in the anterior row slender, denser and longer than those in the posterior row, ventral surface with scattered setae near anterolateral angles and a tuft of hair-like setae sub-medially (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0FA1DAC60CAD1C234EE992C7A05A83AD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mouth part of I. acutata sp. nov.: A labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305813">2 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="AF6FF3CD797C7405945ECADBE055738E" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure2" ID-arpha="2464EFD9-6672-592C-B5AA-A6C09C5268CE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305813" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="B6C12E4ACB5298B4C6BA7EE5E28F626A">
<label id="0778A57F471E449696EE7426A1B25DCD">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="36F50E03C458A2219F89502F6647F541">
Mouth part of
<taxonomicName id="48336A575F5BE9AE4B0DE7FC6BF719FA" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9D522860D1CBD662285B54778A782B3E" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="388BF792035FC6476369E0CD6A83E757" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="017E70BF60CCE6A32FD5520784F19786" bold="true">A</emphasis>
labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view)
<emphasis id="ED49160F30C8B66EE9FDDB5829D62E86" bold="true">B</emphasis>
mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible)
<emphasis id="0A1BE4A140477D5A7373D62252A6F91E" bold="true">C</emphasis>
hypopharynx
<emphasis id="AA3F0F344A8265AD5935E222AD593229" bold="true">D</emphasis>
maxilla (ventral view)
<emphasis id="60AFDEDC5CCFAE10263F9FD2A3A9B2DA" bold="true">E</emphasis>
labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="62EFB380E95EBDC96104D0B54B722229">
Mandible: outer margin smoothly convex, with ca. 16 setae at median surface; outer and inner incisors of left mandible divided into three teeth respectively, prostheca with a spur and a tuft of spines; outer incisor of right mandible with 3 teeth (2 tiny denticles on inner tooth), inner incisor with 2 teeth, each of them with additional two acute denticles on both sides; prostheca with a tuft of spines, one bigger than others; four long mesal setae under the molar (Fig.
<figureCitation id="11D5AE83FDE64E695BFE68E56F7150C5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mouth part of I. acutata sp. nov.: A labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305813">2 B</figureCitation>
). Hypopharynx: superlinguae with concave lateral margins, two apices extended into oval lobes; apical margin with hair-like setae; two arms of lingua subequal to median oval lobe (Fig.
<figureCitation id="646D4B750F3B5437E93A67C1C5C8BED3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mouth part of I. acutata sp. nov.: A labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305813">2 C</figureCitation>
). Maxilla: crown covered with dense of setae, galea-lacinia with row of setae, inner apex with a comb-like setae; maxillary palp three-segmented, length ratio of them from I to III = 1.6: 1.0: 1.0, outer margin of segment I with six setae, segment II with a seta, segment III with two setae, tip of segment III with tuft of relatively short setae; outer margin of stipes with very sparse hair-like setae, outer margin of cardo with six long setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DC7BAC885F1BF9EC78A4E6FE0936C628" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mouth part of I. acutata sp. nov.: A labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305813">2 D</figureCitation>
). Labium: length ratio of 3 segments of labial palp from I to III = 1.4: 1.1: 1.0; two apical segments slimmer than basal one (Fig.
<figureCitation id="055CCC818229C36D7B83CC3A1EC43BEE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mouth part of I. acutata sp. nov.: A labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305813">2 E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A4388F4958DAE5405774F32A2DA44AB">
Thorax: Setae on outer margin of femur strong, relatively longer than that on inner margin; inner margin of tibiae and tarsi with stout setae; outer margin of tibiae and tarsi with hair-like setae, those on tibia of hindleg with extra stout setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8411BE13DA4569F19B5CB70C5AC8E9F7" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 D F</figureCitation>
). Length ratio of femora: tibiae: tarsi of forelegs = 2.3: 1.8: 1.0, that of midlegs = 2.4: 2.0: 1.0, and hindlegs = 2.5: 2.3: 1.0 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="249E6F4981C01C0012D00149B48C12B6" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 D F</figureCitation>
). Claw with 14 denticles, distal one larger than others, proximal four denticles smaller (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DB397A3ED31B9706783E299DDFF21DD1" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5549B593173131691454F65875EE3461">
Abdomen: posterior margin of each tergite with contiguous acute spines, posterolateral projections on segment IX only (Fig.
<figureCitation id="44F57B73E7150D9657690353665967CB" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 A C</figureCitation>
). Gills present on segments II to VII of ventral side of abdomen (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9678B3F781FB3D1003644C9BAAFBFED5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 B</figureCitation>
). Gills similar morphologically, consist of two slender and unbranched lamellae, gills progressively smaller from anterior to posterior (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9B21779CF512364AE84D438FBB0B3ABF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 H I</figureCitation>
). Caudal filaments brown, terminal filament slightly darker than cerci; posterior margin of each segment with spines, every second segment from segment II with an encircling row of hair-like setae around posteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E3944691EB31719F3AAACFF1EB2467E4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 A C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27D437FCD4F5546FCAC3E48AA2EA571">
<emphasis id="AA7E71BD6C7BBD875DCC8616CA33012F" bold="true" italics="true">Male imago (in alcohol)</emphasis>
: Body length
<quantity id="47555406A3950EA6068579E6ACFFFEA6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
, generally amber to brownish, wings deep brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A9C5ADE5776EF0EC8A8A9DD2B8CEC24C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male of I. acutata sp. nov.: A imago (dorsal view, living specimen in the field) B imago (dorsal view) C imago (ventral view) D imago with exuviate of subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305814">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="023F5884463DD23A4CF669C3098DF200" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure3" ID-arpha="670C4219-808B-5DB4-8988-871B52D2BAB5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305814" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="394874EE1B09CC2B2FC6F31B80608179">
<label id="66B57BCE3A7C2171550DDFD74FA6B771">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A348D34A71647C798517254DB44112E">
Male of
<taxonomicName id="1FCF51836A02F455CC02F75629B4B072" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EAE147962F72318FD907A024BD28B4C" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46DB2AFB8E8AE27BBE04D97444C31B88" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="DA9DF8C7A9E40244F88D8F006D7D01BA" bold="true">A</emphasis>
imago (dorsal view, living specimen in the field)
<emphasis id="8E11EF46AED631826218CFC56322838D" bold="true">B</emphasis>
imago (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="A9F8D1072EB14207982E39FD22806079" bold="true">C</emphasis>
imago (ventral view)
<emphasis id="AA315F6618FCE4EFBA90C389818ADBA5" bold="true">D</emphasis>
imago with exuviate of subimago.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F43332815A0E34F8ABD0ECAB67D1F4F6">
Head: Width between two compound eyes about half of one eye width; upper half of it orange, lower half black (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4C98F58A380245DF1EF88C12D2424152" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="95C53567AEA356888717B6E3F1578369" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" ID-arpha="2BF5A45F-D432-579F-BFE7-94DB8DDF3A03" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="55BE50EF2D5D70D158B5F3CDB9564F1C">
<label id="433C5B11920CDA32A40835C2179D00A1">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8458F16BDE282AD1B4813EEE8AA9A727">
Male structures of
<taxonomicName id="FD7193A44552B53730BD57745B80AB8E" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="039E96D8505634FA02907E628B73E917" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8D8FBEAA45A2ABE2C3BEB832A9DF076B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="D4BAFE98C1605CDC0930EEECE963B181" bold="true">A</emphasis>
head (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="89DE70C20A97960C9CF20B78433D6265" bold="true">B</emphasis>
foreleg
<emphasis id="1AC399C7806733164673F6F58204C2B8" bold="true">C</emphasis>
midleg
<emphasis id="4261644A7987FBA21F3D25A4960940B4" bold="true">D</emphasis>
hindleg
<emphasis id="5DD7A0163A4E1B599411824D60026AED" bold="true">E</emphasis>
claw
<emphasis id="F4C6A0B13A6D5D6403E7FC861BB5742C" bold="true">F</emphasis>
wing
<emphasis id="796DD7ED9895D30E438521EE699AF000" bold="true">G</emphasis>
genitalia (ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8E52EBF1B3A907AF24618F6180CBFE66">
Thorax: Legs: Foretarsus and tip of tibia pale, other portion brown, ratio of femur: tibia: tarsus = 1.0: 3.8: 3.5, ratio of foretarsal segments from I to
<collectionCode id="66A901755C0182590F73B42163F09BBC" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
= 1.0: 14.0: 11.9: 8.6: 2.5. Midleg and hindleg dark brown, ratios of femur: tibia: tarsus = 2.9: 2.4: 1.0 and 2.9: 2.5: 1.0 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D241492E03A95DF0F2CD85FE8F2B2180" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 B D</figureCitation>
). Claw dissimilar, one hooked, one blunt (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EB9D7536A9A05EC94FEC26661005D82D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D8DCC2A8AA0BC20B848D7BB9A9C28D8">
Wing opaque, brown; veins clear, posterior margin with cilia, vein MA forked slightly less than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F75FB34723E73A4F717A1E525CC50EB6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B622C8AEB2A8850AAB0A21B562B64071">
Abdomen: color of terga I to IX alike, anterior 1 / 3 pale and semi-transparent, posterior 2 / 3 brown, sterna lighter than terga; tergite X brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="44744936581E24B9E3D9D9EF3F24898A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male of I. acutata sp. nov.: A imago (dorsal view, living specimen in the field) B imago (dorsal view) C imago (ventral view) D imago with exuviate of subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305814">3</figureCitation>
). Genitalia: forceps pale; segment I with a mesal expansion at 2 / 5 point; segments II and III subequal, nearly sphere; penes brown, two penes situated together, forming a pen-point like structure, margin of basal half straight, apical half straightly oblique; length of penes about 2 / 5 × of forceps (Fig.
<figureCitation id="714AC3D106AAF454258BA7604DFF1254" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 G</figureCitation>
). Caudal filaments pale (Figs
<figureCitation id="B6227AF1F8523F5C74724344E26A5B67" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male of I. acutata sp. nov.: A imago (dorsal view, living specimen in the field) B imago (dorsal view) C imago (ventral view) D imago with exuviate of subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305814">3 A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FAA03F37F9C6A3DB199FD857250A612" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E00AE53F778017DFAEC039E5436911D">
<emphasis id="283235420FDAFA606708F23349050697" bold="true">Female</emphasis>
: body length
<quantity id="2D733FEF0025B49347D9252AE9B21F75" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
, caudal filaments brown with spine-like setae. Coloration similar to male, sternum IX slightly concave apically (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E65B9E89026E8955AF06C0C97FC85269" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Female structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female subimago (living specimen) B female subimago (dorsal view) C sternum IX (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305816">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="78FDE4CCD3227AF57F0CA8A9518F5CC3" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure5" ID-arpha="A8A9B94B-E77C-55FB-99C4-4CD2AD3D1C13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305816" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="347653A255F9FCE0B87338654B504042">
<label id="73D16D2AA51C86E3B445C64798671AB0">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="98B979723093A1666BFF3506EC099A08">
Female structures of
<taxonomicName id="9959B5C01C2E6078689D7221D51245A3" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E041D3C9E7A3B658215F8C6C9FA1C2D2" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="350085A170AC0C0EB5E111D7FB254322" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="374B37F336C1A9B18D70C5F1F0285AD8" bold="true">A</emphasis>
female subimago (living specimen)
<emphasis id="6C21444A9558B23C2EBD9698B12CC984" bold="true">B</emphasis>
female subimago (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="FA47B4B7F991AD0E982AD1474DBAD340" bold="true">C</emphasis>
sternum IX (ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGFAG" type="Egg">
<paragraph id="95636BD6A2070084EB72C94E9BCDF87B">
<heading id="EF9074E405AB118F9209B4917FE2EA18" reason="title">Egg.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91748E4F3490AC84EB477A6A7CD92992">
Egg oval, length about 85 μm, width about 45 μm, surface scattered with protuberances and cavities; their size and location irregular (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F0042CD57C86969D24215D2943ACACEA" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM photos: A egg from female subimago of I. acutata sp. nov. B egg from female nymph of Isca purpurea." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305817">6 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="4AA301BF518668C49ED0F740EB285388" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure6" ID-arpha="F8C949EE-D7A3-5CE0-BAD8-C4806B138F95" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305817" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="1F3A74FA4DBDDF60B63E298A1B56B6DB">
<label id="2E4CF89B6A7E9C6AF32133D3DE4E1E05">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A7BDF2ED827FC0507CE7E5E5D475161">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYFAG" xlink_title="scanning electronic microscope">SEM</abbrev>
photos:
<emphasis id="95C56250BF626AEFEAE8EE00C3E62FEF" bold="true">A</emphasis>
egg from female subimago of
<taxonomicName id="595AE9B5D5E494F3C4662ABF5A81D6F7" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="294C7CF4E2FF2FF5D469A8B7FAFAEB54" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6CB565B0A7E435C1A54577BFA1146827" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="1A608E1AE75FE3518EE4CA61690085A1" bold="true">B</emphasis>
egg from female nymph of
<taxonomicName id="CCBEC7177AD25DA9A4BDD6BFB4557C99" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="740B592B80CAEC199A12121AF0D2C6BA" italics="true">Isca purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2GAG" type="biology">
<paragraph id="9744BF37985B531EAC15A3B2C0603A06">
<heading id="F91093B9FEBC76ED6EC626C42E05A2EF" reason="title">Biology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4457242D0E1E5A81CFFA562B570CC38B">
Nymphs found under stones with coarse surfaces in slow water currents of a montane stream about
<quantity id="BE9473F850847CF8215FFF3B30BC9AC9" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 m</quantity>
, without direct sunlight (Fig.
<figureCitation id="22F8E19671444B6345543856767345A7" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Habitat of I. acutata sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305818">7</figureCitation>
). Adults emerged in the late afternoon. Some male imagoes were found under leaves above the stream.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1390E87AF421D4C3210D7A83B65F2736" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure7" ID-arpha="43D71F2B-32C0-581D-954F-FE36F26451D9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305818" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="081424D4C685F243FC0F8E132F5A38E0">
<label id="CC33AFF7DE195ACA0FD71F8077A811DF">Figure 7.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="857669518AA30D3842726DA159D856B0">
Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="01D75EE8D55AEFF33D6200C2A9C2D12E" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="90AAF8C5E8DB59A0736CC5DC485EF993" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBC4A2055194D65F9D745CEE338EC85E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4HAG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="35AC98AEBB2393A13EB03A090D2FA802">
<heading id="704FDC8B9C4594A7A7D8850F5DB25174" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BAB2D58FBEB98D480BE5BB603DACAE7B">
<taxonomicName id="DAAA58CDD7571804967F342A5C086125" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata">
<emphasis id="A0C3510CEE13FAE59BAB1FE9032E5500" italics="true">acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from the Latin adjective
<emphasis id="C72F5B042864545F13C66046595FE8B8" italics="true">acutatus</emphasis>
, indicating the shape of sharp penal apex of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPIAG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2793963895D279ED4F15FFCB55D03051">
<heading id="1E6F6062653DEC3085E1F382BB3C95F6" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F5D22C9369C59ABA37FC0B926250B0E">
The nymph of
<taxonomicName id="8F3D418958A2AFD1AA430D2BD757B21D" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DFFDD1C8D33FA0A0F604A59494CC61D6" italics="true">Isca acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16FD4ACFFC7F1816BF410A424A1D6B0D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="ACE49474A6557C1C07538D6C2F2A1881">
<emphasis id="5AA0B00121278FC097A85013FA316798" italics="true">Isca</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: abdominal terga I VIII brown, terga IX X light brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D6EAF43DDA6AC2BA1435EDDE66DEF870" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 A, C</figureCitation>
); abdominal sterna light brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D165C4361523180DFFA1E45B483C916E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 B</figureCitation>
); gill VII with dorsal and ventral lamella (Fig.
<figureCitation id="30CA2BA057D713BBEBA43222C5368251" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 I</figureCitation>
); posterolateral projection on segment IX (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1BCAC04C54BC13F3D0646C26A37BFC3F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female nymph (dorsal view) B female nymph (ventral view) C male nymph (dorsal view) D foreleg E midleg F hindleg G claw H gill IV I gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305812">1 B</figureCitation>
). The male imago of
<taxonomicName id="F76A9DBA0DC9B0D406887E2B1CA7B539" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E8EE944AFF7A38271CA9E19E0A9A503D" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ACA0948F880EB157F09B97CD4C355EA2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished by: wings translucent with cilia along posterior margin; anterior 1 / 3 of each abdominal tergum, and sterna I VIII pale and semi-transparent; posterior 2 / 3 brown, sterna slightly lighter than terga (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E8553C333F21A6B248021C4A66A5EAE4" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male of I. acutata sp. nov.: A imago (dorsal view, living specimen in the field) B imago (dorsal view) C imago (ventral view) D imago with exuviate of subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305814">3</figureCitation>
); forceps pale; penes brown, fused basally, nib-like (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FDB80A547B5B4FA5854C39C5BF3390E8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKKAG" type="comparisons">
<paragraph id="BA67463BF25F396583316D66914759EA">
<heading id="BFA6106A83D0E742163211D013699EF7" reason="title">Comparison.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72DC55D40E2411B70674DC18322019D6">
Among six known species, only two species (
<taxonomicName id="38A3281922E13BB51F8E55B506E2EFA0" authorityName="Sartori &amp; Derleth" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lea">
<emphasis id="908E4ECF151006FC5430B6EE8BE963D3" italics="true">I. lea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="992906BDA5AD62D37F350076ACEC2E88" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A169A12F287CF8023A3E349793AD0F4E" italics="true">I. acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0F28D1158B1ED8FF2C12BE755F669F4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) have bilamellate gills VII in their nymphal stage. Those two nymphs can be differentiated by: (1) ventral setae on labrum of
<taxonomicName id="09BEAC805C29D6F96ABD5FA669B65C11" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F288B6007474F411ED2AAB4DC4FDCC88" italics="true">Isca acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="91B1B726E8588FECBA53E475E76B2DC5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is less than
<taxonomicName id="0C2E7D50CFCBAA6ADEF314C4B7659F6E" authorityName="Sartori &amp; Derleth" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lea">
<emphasis id="AF405D525560B7AD616C1B5F913FFBB6" italics="true">Isca lea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it has two setal tufts (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5E63543D4461A2F31D5957D672847ED6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mouth part of I. acutata sp. nov.: A labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305813">2 A</figureCitation>
), and (2) more setae on the tip of the maxillary papa segment III of
<taxonomicName id="59D088F8A9189B92A2C9B34BCACCBDF7" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata">
<emphasis id="32DA24187196CBC660F79D4726D523AA" italics="true">Isca acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than
<taxonomicName id="C39821F662B9424F228E96CE627C6731" authorityName="Sartori &amp; Derleth" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lea">
<emphasis id="6F0D09CE16C4698FCDE65BAC83C807AD" italics="true">Isca lea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="B337CB76107F6FDD683A92871953FE6C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mouth part of I. acutata sp. nov.: A labrum (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view) B mandible (left: left mandible / right: right mandible) C hypopharynx D maxilla (ventral view) E labium (left: dorsal view / right: ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305813">2 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6978AB7DE8C360A323E201F081E2BF0A">
In males, the new species
<taxonomicName id="E38E3B3C20B81519212C7CE5875B5F42" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4AF32F40BDE041809FDFD29C95C211B0" italics="true">Isca acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6D16F7569DBBFA5AF98C3EB218DD246E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is unique in penal shape: penes fused basally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9679F1B05FC8CF4CAD0C96DA34365819" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 G</figureCitation>
) while those of
<taxonomicName id="A2BABF6580A1C3C69E67FF5B93DEFD0D" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="8DB7119EFA204FEB58CD276E413BF746" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B02461D6E75DE8B0E9CA790B9EA40B9F" authorityName="Peters &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serendiba">
<emphasis id="2D78E2BCB04E703C437BA0E3FD49E0A0" italics="true">I. serendiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="358A8858CF7B42ADD247EB36F3EFF695" authorityName="Peters &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janiceae">
<emphasis id="73F74DFACE41466BE718A64451551D76" italics="true">I. janiceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are separated; its apical margin is straight (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FFEA13A5197AE6A9132C6A6908673B70" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 G</figureCitation>
) while that of
<taxonomicName id="7A702943FD784C2422C9D20DEEF31325" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascia">
<emphasis id="21BDBC5837673CF3A5907A29954E9D44" italics="true">I. fascia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is convex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BFDAB03E8FF2B21C4F62B15F5AFD9BE5" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male structures of I. fascia: A male imago (lateral view) B head (dorsal view) C genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305826">15 C</figureCitation>
); vein MA is forked less than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EC2200FC3F5C2A76206C9F9549E6D727" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 F</figureCitation>
) while vein MA of
<taxonomicName id="46632FA32038BE08D31F4204295E90B1" authorityName="Peters &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janiceae">
<emphasis id="ABB32168C0AA659DBA0508A4C0703C31" italics="true">I. janiceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7F2A31D02342B9B2806F1BBB7D0E3840" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="A19ED338F815AA4479CD3400D403727D" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forked more than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin; cilia present on posterior margin of wings (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DC2AA2B1B90CA5113C0E49519702C437" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A head (dorsal view) B foreleg C midleg D hindleg E claw F wing G genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305815">4 F</figureCitation>
) while absent in
<taxonomicName id="03D9E8BB55E4E2687FD7C9BACF2C8F99" authorityName="Peters &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janiceae">
<emphasis id="995ACE514ED726EDB6C08AE6C6C5FF89" italics="true">I. janiceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; sternum IX of female
<taxonomicName id="856DF7DCD96FE41EBC7C4BA27F81834E" authorityName="Gong &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DCA9A36EBDEAD83841115DC0731E2A4" italics="true">Isca acutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D22D3A986B1F75B6AF93726BF014FE" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
cleft (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D30C8DCA2E505CC2F7CA16D5573079FA" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Female structures of I. acutata sp. nov.: A female subimago (living specimen) B female subimago (dorsal view) C sternum IX (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305816">5 C</figureCitation>
) but not as deeply as
<taxonomicName id="6F51EE4F40DB29B15A2DE18BB2BF0851" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="E7D1B45431E6A831F3BC14E0240989CB" italics="true">I. purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="1F972525CFF92CAB4270029D02B4D65C" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female structures of I. purpurea: A female subimago (dorsal view) B sternum IX (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1305823">12 B</figureCitation>
), while that of
<taxonomicName id="D8E47F9C42039652CDCC4F584E03A47F" authorityName="Peters &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Isca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janiceae">
<emphasis id="0E8A562C046F1AA34751D546E0004D18" italics="true">I. janiceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is entire.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERRAG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="70B45795F18FA0CBC2D6F8ECF6A02C55">
<heading id="9EC0C587759A292C7157A2C87EF5BE2C" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA348A241B5F88807EA646E6D60DC016">
<collectingCountry id="3537C5561D69F8A1899221084147E0A7" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="7955B0B879815058F6954BB61CEC0AE7" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan</collectingRegion>
Island).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>