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<mods:title id="46309AA16B1EAC917DCC60B352706001">Molecular phylogenetic studies on Asparagus (Asparagaceae) revealed the position of the highly endangered Irano-Turkish halophytic species A. lycaonicus P. H. Davis related to A. officinalis L.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10D1D15805F5E7ED0ABB5F6BD74050FA">Akhani, Hossein</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A35E047CD29FD6075A42E97673DD60C8">Malekmohammadi, Maryam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="999DB63CFE82842733C88FE23FCBBF19">Halophytes and C & Halophytes and C & Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6 - 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany & Halophytes and C</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A430D248F160C5580BEF9C9CB10ED07E" type="email">maryam.malekmohammady@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="F9050F4FFF91FFD1FF371D85FE77FCEB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="240052408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13629216" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9050F4FFF91FFD1FF371D85FE77FCEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9050F4FFF91FFD1FF371D85FE77FCEB" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
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<treatmentCitation id="F00D9848FF91FFD1FF371D85FDD4FD1A" author="Baker, J. G." box="[136,631,662,689]" page=")" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" year="1875">
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<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FF371D85FDD4FD1A" ID-CoL="HBHL" authority="Baker (1875: 604)" authorityName="Baker" authorityPageNumber="604" authorityYear="1875" box="[136,631,662,689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllus">
|
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<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FF371D85FE3CFD1B" bold="true" box="[136,415,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Asparagus monophyllus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF91FFD1FE191D85FDD4FD1A" author="Baker, J. G." box="[422,631,662,689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" pagination="594 - 629" refId="ref10369" refString="Baker, J. G. (1875) Revision of the genera and species of the Asparagaceae. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 14: 594 - 629. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1875. tb 00349. x" type="journal article" year="1875">Baker (1875: 604)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="39B6EDD2FF91FFD1FF371DA8FE77FCEB" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" type="discussion">
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<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FF371DA8FE36FD7E" ID-CoL="HBHL" box="[136,405,698,725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllus">
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<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FF371DA8FE36FD7E" box="[136,405,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Asparagus monophyllus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been reported only from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF91FFD1FD681DA9FCC3FD7E" box="[727,864,698,724]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF91FFD1FC2B1DA9FC50FD7E" box="[916,1011,698,724]" name="Pakistan" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
not from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF91FFD1FBE01DA8FB2FFD7F" box="[1119,1164,699,725]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Iran</collectingCountry>
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||||
in Flora Iranica (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF91FFD1FAF41DA9FF67FD52" author="Browicz, K." pageId="12" pageNumber="137" pagination="167 - 176" refId="ref10420" refString="Browicz, K. (1990) Asparagus [Liliaceae II]. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol 165. Graz, Austria, pp. 167 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1990">Browicz 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF91FFD1FF661DCDFED9FD52" author="Assadi, M." box="[217,378,734,760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" refId="ref10328" refString="Assadi, M. (2023) Asparagaceae. In: Assadi & Maassoumi, A. A. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, 174. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran, 22 pp." type="book" year="2023">Assadi (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported the species from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B36870BBFF91FFD1FD0B1DCCFC0BFD52" box="[692,936,734,761]" country="Iran" name="Hormozgan" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Hormozgan province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
: Tang-e Ghoochan,
|
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||||
NW of Hajiabad,
|
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<quantity id="B65413BCFF91FFD1FF371C11FF7BFCB7" box="[136,216,770,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
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,
|
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<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FF5C1C11FD11FCB6" box="[227,690,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Zaeifi, Sultanpour and Bahmanzadeh 333</emphasis>
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and between Bandar-Abbas and Hajiabad, Sarchahan village,
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<quantity id="B65413BCFF91FFD1FADA1C11FA04FCB6" box="[1381,1447,770,796]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="680.0">680m</quantity>
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,
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<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FF371C35FE6EFCEA" box="[136,461,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Dinarvand & Assadpour 772</emphasis>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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318
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="78144CB525DC6C3B1F56BBE4197D555A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5103-7757</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="D4946CCC13D068395FED1EE9B6F3FC13">Environmental Health Program, Şabanözü Vocational School, Çankırı Karatekin University, P. O. Box 18650, Çankırı, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1B02DD03E91B8425CB13FE51BC082F79" type="email">okan.urker@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="E2EDB6EB4C3728B3F0D2FD4285CFF8C9" type="personal">
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="878C4982856CD43CC0A9BC9051A681B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="8CA8E15E5A2B9081B2684EB8E9EE7F14">Malekmohammadi, Maryam</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E7A805DCF6683F58C8B3C8A7D1E23050" type="ORCID">0000-0001-2345-6785</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="236C224DB24FE67BEA924A3DF365898C">Halophytes and C & Halophytes and C & Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6 - 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany & Halophytes and C</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E7A1E6710F75A0074889352B76AAAB5" type="email">maryam.malekmohammady@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="158606215C1E24AD2E3D8C1E42EC5D86">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EA2205A575D5449F75FFA5AC5EE58D4D">
|
||||
<mods:title id="3F87C2CBDBEA44F709B135A9B682B1CA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="14BD91F0821E6B6D2B20F437C95936F8">
|
||||
<mods:date id="8030F0DF0A623357776EBE33D2896069">2024</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="3E0D2A6974AA4B809B111CD32C1782B6" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="D28382E7DE175A2068FB29D7BB3EF876">2024-05-02</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="DB9146A7681DB0457FD24530FE4F763B" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="1DEFECA493D5179DFECE5A0B3B8B6D15">646</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="06C0B120D63198CC9E2E768A0CB3D270" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="122624F169BEF3B85951E69C8731F356">2</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="C4E42FB06B278667BAE8D7AA8D1EF052" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="ADA3EC0D1DB78A76C5DBC820678B1E90">125</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="309096F0CD73E43267C1AAFCA6BFD1FD">142</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:location id="B6568340249E39DA5C11B4EF69610369">
|
||||
<mods:url id="35BEA562F2B5AC9A696C3DB797C1DCFD">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.2.3</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="F570D2D3533D5841ECA3FDBC54AD7697">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="D1954373DAEDB1CCB75C351EE183F2BF" type="CLB-Dataset">302041</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="47613B5AF208F8326273F6BA777ABC58" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.646.2.3</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="06CB0552CAFD2E235680E6D0244BDC45" type="GBIF-Dataset">8fb56249-89c9-421a-a402-7133f4f66e6a</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="D0E68F5374987E9FF71E3A588CB33D97" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="F7B00B955F6381868FDAA92D937C3E06" type="Zenodo-Dep">13215319</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="F9050F4FFF91FFD3FF371A51FE38F9AB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="240052407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13629218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9050F4FFF91FFD3FF371A51FE38F9AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9050F4FFF91FFD3FF371A51FE38F9AB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="39B6EDD2FF91FFD1FF371A51FC96FAF6" box="[136,821,1346,1373]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF91FFD1FF371A51FC96FAF6" blockId="12.[136,1452,1346,1913]" box="[136,821,1346,1373]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<heading id="2A5B0935FF91FFD1FF371A51FC96FAF6" bold="true" box="[136,821,1346,1373]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FF371A51FC96FAF6" bold="true" box="[136,821,1346,1373]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
Conservation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FEF11A51FDE8FAF7" ID-CoL="HBGP" authority="P. H. Davis" authorityName="P. H. Davis X" authorityYear="1983" box="[334,587,1346,1373]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FEF11A51FDE8FAF7" bold="true" box="[334,587,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Asparagus lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF91FFD1FDCF1A51FD06FAF6" box="[624,677,1346,1372]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF91FFD1FD601A51FC96FAF6" box="[735,821,1346,1372]" name="Turkey" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="39B6EDD2FF91FFD3FF371A74FE38F9AB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF91FFD1FF371A74FB52F8D2" blockId="12.[136,1452,1346,1913]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FF371A74FEDDFA2A" ID-CoL="HBGP" box="[136,382,1382,1409]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FF371A74FEDDFA2A" box="[136,382,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Asparagus lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was known only from the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AE1700FBFF91FFD1FD181A74FD74FA2B" box="[679,727,1383,1409]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF91FFD1FCEB1A75FC07FA2A" box="[852,932,1382,1408]" name="Turkey" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||||
near Lake Bolluk (Bolluk Gölü), in altitude of
|
||||
<quantity id="B65413BCFF91FFD1FF371A99FF7EFA0F" box="[136,221,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1010.0">1010 m</quantity>
|
||||
in Cihanbeyli District of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B36870BBFF91FFD1FE411A98FD14FA0E" box="[510,695,1418,1445]" country="Turkey" name="Konya" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Konya Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. In
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF91FFD1FD5F1A98FCAEFA0F" box="[736,781,1419,1445]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||||
it was discovered once in Meyghan saline lake, in altitudes of
|
||||
<quantity id="B65413BCFF91FFD1FF161ABDFEA1FA63" box="[169,258,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1680.0">1680 m</quantity>
|
||||
, N of Arak, the capital of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B36870BBFF91FFD1FD8B1ABDFCA1FA62" box="[564,770,1454,1480]" country="Iran" name="Markazi" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Markazi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. The habitat of this species in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF91FFD1FBDB1ABCFB32FA63" box="[1124,1169,1455,1481]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||||
was flat saline soil with species composition of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FE301AC1FCCDFA46" ID-CoL="3JF32" authority="(Pall.) M. Bieb." authorityName="M. Bieb." baseAuthorityName="Pall." box="[399,878,1490,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Halocnemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobilaceum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FE301AC1FD1FFA46" box="[399,700,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Halocnemum strobilaceum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Pall.) M.Bieb.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FCC61AC1FBF2FA46" ID-CoL="659ZT" box="[889,1105,1490,1516]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aeluropus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littoralis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FCC61AC1FBF2FA46" box="[889,1105,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Aeluropus littoralis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FBDF1AC0FF6CF9BA" ID-CoL="72DQ6" authority="(Bornm.) Lincz." authorityName="Lincz." baseAuthorityName="Bornm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plumbaginaceae" genus="Limonium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iranicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FBDF1AC0FA9EFA46" box="[1120,1341,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Limonium iranicum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bornm.) Lincz.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FEBA1AE5FD7EF9BA" ID-CoL="3JDQS" authority="(K. Koch) Akhani." authorityName="Akhani." baseAuthorityName="K. Koch" box="[261,733,1526,1552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Halimocnemis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rarifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FEBA1AE5FDAEF9BA" box="[261,525,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Halimocnemis rarifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
(K.Koch) Akhani.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
After the initial report, and despite numerous intensive searches in 2013, we could not find the species again. The main reason for this unsuccessful attempt to find
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FB6E1908FAC4F99E" ID-CoL="HBGP" box="[1233,1383,1562,1589]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FB6E1908FAC4F99E" box="[1233,1383,1562,1589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">A. lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
could be the complete deformation of its habitat and the altered hydrology of the area. Kavire Meyghan or Meyghan Salt Lake is a saline endorheic basin which encountered extreme changes in its hydrology and habitat destruction in the last three decades (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E997A2DCFF91FFD1FE8F1995FED6F90B" box="[304,373,1670,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1318,1340]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,190,1292]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[186,1401,190,1293]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drastic changes in the hydrology of Meyghan Salt Lake since 1986, when Asparagus lycaonicus was firstly collected from the area. The approximate location of the species is shown by a star symbol. A. Aerial photo from 1986: The lake surface show uniform distribution of water and less development around; B. Aerial photo from 1996: Reducing of water due to a combination of drought and land use. A causeway was constructed for sodium sulphate mining in the eastern mid and Arak Airport in SE parts; C. Aerila photo from 2006: Fresh and enriched water discharge into the lake from Arak wastewater treatment in the SE edge of the lake; D & E. Aerial photos from 2016 and 2020: Intensifying of mining and hydrologic changes in the lake associate with extensive reed development (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Typha sp.) in the SE parts of the lake (F)." pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Therefore, extinction of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FD221994FC97F90A" ID-CoL="HBGP" box="[669,820,1670,1697]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FD221994FC97F90A" box="[669,820,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">A. lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Meyghan Salt Lake is highly plausible due to habitat loss.
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FF7B19B8FE4CF96E" box="[196,495,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Microcmenum corraloides</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FD9419B9FCB5F96E" ID-CoL="8G434" box="[555,790,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Schrenkiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FD9419B9FCB5F96E" box="[555,790,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Schrenkiella parvula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
two other halophytic species encountered the same faith.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FF3719DCFE8AF942" ID-CoL="63B2S" box="[136,297,1743,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Microcnemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FF3719DCFE8AF942" box="[136,297,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Microcnemum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was discovered in a
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FDA519DCFC65F942" box="[538,966,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FDA519DCFDCBF942" ID-CoL="56Y4" box="[538,616,1743,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Juncus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
maritimus-Aeluropus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FCD919DDFC65F942" ID-CoL="659ZT" box="[870,966,1742,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aeluropus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littoralis">littoralis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
community in the NW salt marshes of the Lake (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF91FFD1FF7019E1FEC4F8A6" author="Akhani, H." box="[207,359,1778,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" pagination="105 - 107" refId="ref10124" refString="Akhani, H. (1988) Plant records from Kavire-Meyghan (Arak), new to Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 4 (1): 105 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Akhani 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF91FFD1FECC19E1FE13F8A6" author="Akhani, H." box="[371,432,1778,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" pagination="295 - 302" refId="ref10178" refString="Akhani, H. (2002) Notes on the flora of Iran 1: Asparagus (Asparagaceae) and Nitraria (Zygophyllaceae). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 59 (2): 295 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428602000112" type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). These
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AE1700FBFF91FFD1FDB119E0FD9DF8A7" box="[526,574,1779,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
of communities (evident in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E997A2DCFF91FFD1FCC019E1FC74F8A7" box="[895,983,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1318,1340]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,190,1292]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[186,1401,190,1293]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drastic changes in the hydrology of Meyghan Salt Lake since 1986, when Asparagus lycaonicus was firstly collected from the area. The approximate location of the species is shown by a star symbol. A. Aerial photo from 1986: The lake surface show uniform distribution of water and less development around; B. Aerial photo from 1996: Reducing of water due to a combination of drought and land use. A causeway was constructed for sodium sulphate mining in the eastern mid and Arak Airport in SE parts; C. Aerila photo from 2006: Fresh and enriched water discharge into the lake from Arak wastewater treatment in the SE edge of the lake; D & E. Aerial photos from 2016 and 2020: Intensifying of mining and hydrologic changes in the lake associate with extensive reed development (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Typha sp.) in the SE parts of the lake (F)." pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) were almost completely wiped out from the area due to the expansion of agricultural lands near Dehe Namek village and the drop of subsurface water (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E997A2DCFF91FFD1FAC11805FF09F8FF" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1318,1340]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,190,1292]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[186,1401,190,1293]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drastic changes in the hydrology of Meyghan Salt Lake since 1986, when Asparagus lycaonicus was firstly collected from the area. The approximate location of the species is shown by a star symbol. A. Aerial photo from 1986: The lake surface show uniform distribution of water and less development around; B. Aerial photo from 1996: Reducing of water due to a combination of drought and land use. A causeway was constructed for sodium sulphate mining in the eastern mid and Arak Airport in SE parts; C. Aerila photo from 2006: Fresh and enriched water discharge into the lake from Arak wastewater treatment in the SE edge of the lake; D & E. Aerial photos from 2016 and 2020: Intensifying of mining and hydrologic changes in the lake associate with extensive reed development (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Typha sp.) in the SE parts of the lake (F)." pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FF011828FE93F8FE" ID-CoL="8G434" box="[190,304,1850,1877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Schrenkiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FF011828FE93F8FE" box="[190,304,1850,1877]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">S. parvula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was discovered in the Northeastern saline flats associated with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF91FFD1FC4E1829FABEF8FE" ID-CoL="3JF32" box="[1009,1309,1850,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Halocnemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobilaceum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FC4E1829FABEF8FE" box="[1009,1309,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Halocnemum strobilaceum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Subsequent observations in the area confirmed the disappearance of this species as well (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF91FFD1FC5B184DFB46F8D2" author="Hajiboland, R. & Bahrami-Rad, S. & Akhani, H. & Poschenrieder, C." box="[996,1253,1886,1912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" pagination="1029 - 1046" refId="ref10897" refString="Hajiboland, R., Bahrami-Rad, S., Akhani, H. & Poschenrieder, C. (2018) Salt tolerance mechanisms in three Irano-Turanian Brassicaceae halophytes relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Plant Research 131 (6): 1029 - 1046." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||||
Hajiboland
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF91FFD1FBD6184CFB02F8D2" box="[1129,1185,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2018
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="25D3EED1FF90FFD0FF371A35FCC8F9B9" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" startId="13.[136,229,1318,1340]" targetBox="[186,1401,190,1292]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF90FFD0FF371A35FCC8F9B9" blockId="13.[136,1452,1318,1556]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF90FFD0FF371A35FF5DFA91" bold="true" box="[136,254,1318,1340]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Drastic changes in the hydrology of Meyghan Salt Lake since 1986, when
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF90FFD0FC661A35FB0EFA91" box="[985,1197,1318,1339]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF90FFD0FC661A35FB0EFA91" box="[985,1197,1318,1339]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Asparagus lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was firstly collected from the area. The approximate location of the species is shown by a star symbol. A. Aerial photo from 1986: The lake surface show uniform distribution of water and less development around; B. Aerial photo from 1996: Reducing of water due to a combination of drought and land use. A causeway was constructed for sodium sulphate mining in the eastern mid and Arak Airport in SE parts; C. Aerila photo from 2006: Fresh and enriched water discharge into the lake from Arak wastewater treatment in the SE edge of the lake; D & E. Aerial photos from 2016 and 2020: Intensifying of mining and hydrologic changes in the lake associate with extensive reed development (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF90FFD0FA821AC9FE11F9BE" authority="(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud." authorityName="Steud." baseAuthorityName="Cav." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF90FFD0FA821AC9FF7FF9B9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Phragmites australis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF90FFD0FE601AEDFD9FF9B9" box="[479,572,1534,1555]" class="Liliopsida" family="Typhaceae" genus="Typha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF90FFD0FE601AEDFDBAF9B9" box="[479,537,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Typha</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) in the SE parts of the lake (F).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF90FFD0FF021951FAAAF962" blockId="13.[136,1452,1602,1953]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
Since its first discovery in
|
||||
<quantity id="B65413BCFF90FFD0FE571951FD9EF9F6" box="[488,573,1602,1628]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9784" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" unit="in" value="1960.0">1960 in</quantity>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF90FFD0FDFB1951FD36F9F6" box="[580,661,1602,1628]" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, despite intensive search no more localities have been found in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF90FFD0FAE31951FA0FF9F6" box="[1372,1452,1602,1628]" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF90FFD0FF0E1974FEEAF92A" ID-CoL="HBGP" box="[177,329,1638,1665]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF90FFD0FF0E1974FEEAF92A" box="[177,329,1638,1665]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">A. lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF90FFD0FEE61975FE56F92A" author="Guvenc, A." box="[345,501,1638,1664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" refId="ref10870" refString="Guvenc, A. (1996) " Turkiye'de yetisen Asparagus (Kuskonmaz) turleri uzerinde farmasotik botanik yonunden arastirmalar. Ankara. [In Turkish]" type="book" year="1996">Güvenç 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF90FFD0FDBD1975FD60F92A" author="Ekim, T. & Koyuncu, M. & Vural, M. & Duman, H. & Aytac, Z. & Adiguzel, N." box="[514,707,1638,1664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" refId="ref10740" refString="Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Vural, M., Duman, H., Aytac, Z. & Adiguzel, N. (2000) Turkiye Bitkileri Kirmizi Listesi, (Red Data Book of Turkish Plants (Pteridophyta and Angiospermae). Turkiye Tabiatini Koruma Dernegi ve Van 100. Yil Universitesi Yayini, 246 Syf. Ankara. [In Turkish]" type="journal volume" year="2000">
|
||||
Ekim
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF90FFD0FDF81974FD23F92A" box="[583,640,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2000
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF90FFD0FD6F1975FC38F92A" author="Guner, A. & Aslan, S. & Ekim, T. & Vural, M. & Babac, M. T." box="[720,923,1638,1665]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" refId="ref10811" refString="Guner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babac, M. T. (Eds.) (2012) Turkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarli Bitkiler). Nezahat Gokyigit Botanik Bahcesi ve Flora Arastirmalari Dernegi Yayini Istanbul, 761 pp. [In Turkish]" type="book" year="2012">
|
||||
Güner
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF90FFD0FCA11974FCF2F92A" box="[798,849,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2012
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF90FFD0FC18197BFB3EF92A" author="Urker, O. & Keceli, T." box="[935,1181,1638,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" pagination="1496 - 1513" refId="ref12203" refString="Urker, O. & Keceli, T. (2022) A current evaluation on conservation biology properties of Tuzkirgini (Asparagus lycaonicus P. H. Davis) that is an endangered plant species. BEU Journal of Science 9 (4): 1496 - 1513. [In Turkish] https: // doi. org / 10.17798 / bitlisfen. 726779" type="journal article" year="2022">Ürker & Keçeli 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Based on field studies and census carried out during 2019, 858 individuals have been counted, 182 of which were fruiting. Approximately 10 subpopulations were found all around ALKİM Alkaline Chemistry Co. (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF90FFD0FC1019A3FB03F962" author="Urker, O. & Keceli, T." box="[943,1184,1710,1739]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" pagination="1496 - 1513" refId="ref12203" refString="Urker, O. & Keceli, T. (2022) A current evaluation on conservation biology properties of Tuzkirgini (Asparagus lycaonicus P. H. Davis) that is an endangered plant species. BEU Journal of Science 9 (4): 1496 - 1513. [In Turkish] https: // doi. org / 10.17798 / bitlisfen. 726779" type="journal article" year="2022">Ürker & Keçeli 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E997A2DCFF90FFD0FB0819BDFB58F962" box="[1207,1275,1710,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[136,229,723,745]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,190,698]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[340,1247,190,698]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. The current distribution areas of Asparagus lycaonicus in Turkey (Red parcel: Main population of the species. Orange parcel which also includes red parcel: Critical habitat. Blue parcels: Secondary habitats) (Retrived from Ürker and Keçeli 2020)." pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF90FFD0FF0219C1FAF6F80A" blockId="13.[136,1452,1602,1953]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
Considering the order of importance of the populations in Bolluk Lake, we identified the critical (primary) and secondary habitats of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF90FFD0FE3919E4FD83F8BA" box="[390,544,1782,1809]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF90FFD0FE3919E4FD83F8BA" box="[390,544,1782,1809]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">A. lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The critical habitat of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF90FFD0FC8A19E4FC6CF8BA" box="[821,975,1782,1809]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF90FFD0FC8A19E4FC6CF8BA" box="[821,975,1782,1809]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">A. lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
includes the land located just behind the Cihanbeyli-Bolluk Facilities (owned by ALKİM Alkaline Chemistry Co). This area is surrounded by canals on three sides and isolated by the shores of Bolluk Lake in the east, is of primary importance as the main refuge and habitat of the species. Other populations, which are encountered less densely at the entrance of the relevant enterprise and on the connection roads within the enterprise, are of secondary importance in terms of conservation biology (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E997A2DCFF90FFD0FABD1895FAE5F80A" box="[1282,1350,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[136,229,723,745]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,190,698]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[340,1247,190,698]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. The current distribution areas of Asparagus lycaonicus in Turkey (Red parcel: Main population of the species. Orange parcel which also includes red parcel: Critical habitat. Blue parcels: Secondary habitats) (Retrived from Ürker and Keçeli 2020)." pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="25D3EED1FF93FFD3FF371DC0FAB9FCA6" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" startId="14.[136,229,723,745]" targetBox="[340,1247,190,698]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF93FFD3FF371DC0FAB9FCA6" blockId="14.[136,1452,723,783]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF93FFD3FF371DC0FF5EFD42" bold="true" box="[136,253,723,745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
The current distribution areas of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF93FFD3FD831DC0FCB3FD42" box="[572,784,723,744]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF93FFD3FD831DC0FCB3FD42" box="[572,784,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Asparagus lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Turkey (Red parcel: Main population of the species. Orange parcel which also includes red parcel: Critical habitat. Blue parcels: Secondary habitats) (Retrived from Ürker and Keçeli 2020).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF93FFD3FF021C28FAFAFC6B" blockId="14.[136,1452,827,1537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
There is no doubt that the major threat to the existence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF93FFD3FCE51C2FFC50FCFF" box="[858,1011,827,854]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF93FFD3FCE51C2FFC50FCFF" box="[858,1011,827,854]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">A. lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is ALKİM factory which occupies the natural habitat of this extremely rare plant. This factory is the main cause of habitat destruction and the major source of salt dust in the area. Grazing, burning of stubble, and surrounding farmland are second-level threats to the species. Therefore, any long-term conservation measure requires close collaboration of the authorities and this factory.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF93FFD3FF021CDFFC1CFBDC" blockId="14.[136,1452,827,1537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF93FFD3FF021CDFFE19FC4C" ID-CoL="HBGP" box="[189,442,972,998]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF93FFD3FF021CDFFE19FC4C" box="[189,442,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Asparagus lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which prefers extremely saline and sodic soils, is included in the
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B36870BBFF93FFD3FB591CDFFABFFC4C" box="[1254,1308,972,998]" country="Switzerland" name="Bern" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Bern</collectingRegion>
|
||||
Convention Annex-1 list (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF93FFD3FE971CFCFDE7FBA0" author="Council of Europe" box="[296,580,1007,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" refId="ref10488" refString="Council of Europe (1999) Appendices to the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Secretariat Memorandum prepared by the Directorate of Environment and Local Authorities, Strasbourg, 26 pp." type="book" year="1999">Council of Europe 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); however, it is not included in the CITES Convention Annex lists (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF93FFD3FAE31CE3FF67FB84" author="CITES" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref10461" refString="CITES (1983) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Annex-II, Annexes, pp. 135 - 146." type="book chapter" year="1983">CITES 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Considering the order of importance of the populations in Bolluk Lake, we identified the critical (primary) and secondary habitats of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF93FFD3FE121B2BFDE7FBFB" ID-CoL="HBGP" box="[429,580,1079,1106]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF93FFD3FE121B2BFDE7FBFB" box="[429,580,1079,1106]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">A. lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The critical habitat of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF93FFD3FCF41B2BFC41FBFB" ID-CoL="HBGP" box="[843,994,1079,1106]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF93FFD3FCF41B2BFC41FBFB" box="[843,994,1079,1106]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">A. lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
includes the land located just behind the Cihanbeyli-Bolluk Facilities (owned by ALKİM Alkaline Chemistry Co).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF93FFD3FF021B93FB8EFAAF" blockId="14.[136,1452,827,1537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
The very narrow distribution and the low number of living plants which is below 2500 individuals fulfills the B1-a criterion within the IUCN’s global red list threat categories, having a very narrow distribution and living area, under 2500 individuals in the current censuses. Since less than 250 of them are mature individuals, they meet criterion C2 (i) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF93FFD3FF2F1BFFFEB4FAAC" author="IUCN" box="[144,279,1260,1286]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" refId="ref11235" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, 30 pp." type="book" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) for evaluating
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF93FFD3FE771BFFFDC3FAAF" ID-CoL="HBGP" box="[456,608,1259,1286]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF93FFD3FE771BFFFDC3FAAF" box="[456,608,1259,1286]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">A. lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a Critically Endangered (CR) species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF93FFD3FF021A03FA02FA3F" blockId="14.[136,1452,827,1537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
The Iranian population was only found once in 1983 and has never been rediscovered since then; neither in the original locality nor in any other parts of the area and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF93FFD3FD511A27FCBCFAE4" box="[750,799,1332,1358]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. The hydrology of the area has been completely changed; the habitat has been converted into a semi-natural wetland; and fire and grazing are additional threats to the habitat. We may consider the same evaluation as Critically Endangered (CR) species based on the existing population in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF93FFD3FAF41A68FA3EFA3F" box="[1355,1437,1403,1429]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7113BE59FF93FFD3FF021AB3FE38F9AB" blockId="14.[136,1452,827,1537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
Considering the current critically endangered status for both populations in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF93FFD3FBF01AB3FBDFFA10" box="[1103,1148,1440,1466]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF93FFD3FB001AB3FAB3FA10" box="[1215,1296,1440,1466]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, we strongly recommend the authorities in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF93FFD3FE651AD7FDA4FA74" box="[474,519,1476,1502]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF93FFD3FD801AD0FD2CFA77" box="[575,655,1475,1501]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||||
to implement measures for conservation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF93FFD3FB3C1AD7FAD8FA77" box="[1155,1403,1475,1502]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycaonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF93FFD3FB3C1AD7FAD8FA77" box="[1155,1403,1475,1502]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Asparagus lycaonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and restoration of its habitat.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
164
data/F9/05/0F/F9050F4FFF96FFD6FF371A51FD05F8A7.xml
Normal file
164
data/F9/05/0F/F9050F4FFF96FFD6FF371A51FD05F8A7.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="8F3D2CBFEF3DA9844CC4FE043CF90BF0">Molecular phylogenetic studies on Asparagus (Asparagaceae) revealed the position of the highly endangered Irano-Turkish halophytic species A. lycaonicus P. H. Davis related to A. officinalis L.</mods:title>
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<treatment id="F9050F4FFF96FFD6FF371A51FD05F8A7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="240052405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13629212" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9050F4FFF96FFD6FF371A51FD05F8A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9050F4FFF96FFD6FF371A51FD05F8A7" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
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<heading id="2A5B0935FF96FFD6FF371A51FCFDFAF7" box="[136,862,1346,1373]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="51BC9977FF96FFD6FF371A51FCFDFAF7" box="[136,862,1346,1373]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
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<treatmentCitation id="F00D9848FF96FFD6FF371A51FCF9FAF7" author="Browicz, K." box="[136,858,1346,1373]" page=")" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" year="1990">
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<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF96FFD6FF371A51FCF9FAF7" ID-CoL="7JBB4" authority="Browicz (1990: 175)" authorityName="Browicz" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1990" box="[136,858,1346,1373]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="capitatus" subSpecies="gracilis">
|
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<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FF371A51FED1FAF6" bold="true" box="[136,370,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Asparagus capitatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Baker subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FDAE1A51FDC4FAF7" bold="true" box="[529,615,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">gracilis</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF96FFD6FDD21A51FCF9FAF7" author="Browicz, K." box="[621,858,1346,1373]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" pagination="167 - 176" refId="ref10420" refString="Browicz, K. (1990) Asparagus [Liliaceae II]. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol 165. Graz, Austria, pp. 167 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1990">Browicz (1990: 175)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="39B6EDD2FF96FFD6FF371A75FD05F8A7" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7113BE59FF96FFD6FF371A75FD05F8A7" blockId="11.[136,1452,1382,1805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
This taxon was reported to be a new record from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF96FFD6FD6C1A74FCA3FA2B" box="[723,768,1383,1409]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF96FFD6FC8E1A75FC71FA2A" author="Hamdi, S. M. M." box="[817,978,1382,1408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" pagination="30 - 32" refId="ref11064" refString="Hamdi, S. M. M. (2016) A new record of Asparagus (Asparagaceae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 22 (1): 30 - 32." type="journal article" year="2016">Hamdi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on a specimen collected from the Province of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B36870BBFF96FFD6FEA81A99FDB4FA0E" box="[279,535,1418,1445]" country="Iran" name="Sistan va Baluchestan" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Sistan va Baluchestan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
: Nikshahr,
|
||||
<date id="05129899FF96FFD6FD231A99FCACFA0E" box="[668,783,1418,1444]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" value="1949-03-29">
|
||||
29.3.
|
||||
<quantity id="B65413BCFF96FFD6FD6B1A99FCACFA0E" box="[724,783,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9499" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="1949900.0">1949</quantity>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, 900 m,
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FCC71A99FC6AFA0E" box="[888,969,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Scharif</emphasis>
|
||||
(IRAN-29594). The author of this article did not indicate that this report had already been published in Flora Iranica (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF96FFD6FC541ABDFB2DFA62" author="Browicz, K." box="[1003,1166,1454,1480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" pagination="167 - 176" refId="ref10420" refString="Browicz, K. (1990) Asparagus [Liliaceae II]. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol 165. Graz, Austria, pp. 167 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1990">Browicz 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, page 175, Sharif 245-E) with the note that it is probably a hybrid between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF96FFD6FD071AC0FC49FA46" box="[696,1002,1490,1517]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="capitatus" subSpecies="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FD071AC0FC9CFA46" box="[696,831,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">A. capitatus</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FC2B1AC1FC49FA46" box="[916,1002,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF96FFD6FB9F1AC0FA04FA46" authority="Baker (1875: 604)" authorityName="Baker" authorityPageNumber="604" authorityYear="1875" box="[1056,1447,1490,1517]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FB9F1AC0FB6CFA46" box="[1056,1231,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">A. monophyllus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF96FFD6FB691AC1FA04FA46" author="Baker, J. G." box="[1238,1447,1490,1517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" pagination="594 - 629" refId="ref10369" refString="Baker, J. G. (1875) Revision of the genera and species of the Asparagaceae. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 14: 594 - 629. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1875. tb 00349. x" type="journal article" year="1875">Baker (1875: 604)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Furthermore, the author misread collector’s name
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FD081AE5FCABF9BA" box="[695,776,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Scharif</emphasis>
|
||||
and recorded the specimen as collected by
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FB551AE5FA9BF9BA" box="[1258,1336,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Sohani</emphasis>
|
||||
instead of Scharif; this error occurred despite the clear photo in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E997A2DCFF96FFD6FD631909FCB5F99E" box="[732,790,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,960,982]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,187,933]" captionTargetId="figure-23@2.[196,1391,187,933]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Asparagus lycaonicus P.H. Davis in Iran and Turkey (triangle)." pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||||
of the herbarium specimen illustrated in his article (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF96FFD6FAE21909FF66F9F2" author="Hamdi, S. M. M." pageId="11" pageNumber="136" pagination="30 - 32" refId="ref11064" refString="Hamdi, S. M. M. (2016) A new record of Asparagus (Asparagaceae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 22 (1): 30 - 32." type="journal article" year="2016">Hamdi 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In the Flora of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF96FFD6FEC0192CFE0CF9F3" box="[383,431,1599,1625]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF96FFD6FE07192DFDF5F9F2" author="Assadi, M." box="[440,598,1598,1624]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" refId="ref10328" refString="Assadi, M. (2023) Asparagaceae. In: Assadi & Maassoumi, A. A. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, 174. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran, 22 pp." type="book" year="2023">Assadi (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
accepted this report and in addition to Scharif, another specimen is reported from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B36870BBFF96FFD6FF771971FEE0F9D6" box="[200,323,1634,1660]" country="Iran" name="Khuzestan" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Khuzestan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
: Between Shooshtar and Haft-Tappeh, Dez river marshes,
|
||||
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|
||||
, Mozaffarian 62870. We could not investigate this specimen too. However, we have collected a specimen from the nearby locality and included in our phylogenetic analysis:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B36870BBFF96FFD6FE2E19B9FDAFF96E" box="[401,524,1706,1732]" country="Iran" name="Khuzestan" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Khuzestan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
: W Shush, along Karkheh River,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1498D89EFF96FFD6FC2419B9FC5EF96E" box="[923,1021,1706,1732]" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="32.183334">32°11’N</geoCoordinate>
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||||
, 48°12’.
|
||||
<quantity id="B65413BCFF96FFD6FBE519B9FB12F96E" box="[1114,1201,1706,1732]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
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,
|
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<date id="05129899FF96FFD6FB7E19B9FA85F96E" box="[1217,1318,1706,1732]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" value="2001-04-01">1.4.2001</date>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FA8919B8FF6DF942" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">H. Akhani 14875</emphasis>
|
||||
. This specimen grouped with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF96FFD6FDA419DCFD0AF942" box="[539,681,1742,1769]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
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<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FDA419DCFD0AF942" box="[539,681,1742,1769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">A. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E997A2DCFF96FFD6FD0819DDFD58F942" box="[695,763,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,190,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-23@6.[185,1403,189,1840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Type specimen of Asparagus lycaonicus from Turkey (Khan, Prance & Ratcliffe 438). B. A. lycaonicus from Iran (Akhani 1124). C. A. breslerianus (Akhani 16648). D. A. verticillatus (Akhani 17385)." pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). As well, the illustration in page 9 of the Flora of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="09BBFEC9FF96FFD6FA9C19DCFAF3F943" box="[1315,1360,1743,1769]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="153DC3A8FF96FFD6FAE219DDFF61F8A6" author="Assadi, M." pageId="11" pageNumber="136" refId="ref10328" refString="Assadi, M. (2023) Asparagaceae. In: Assadi & Maassoumi, A. A. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, 174. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran, 22 pp." type="book" year="2023">Assadi 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) looks indeed very similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6ACC5DAFF96FFD6FDAF19E0FD3CF8A6" box="[528,671,1778,1805]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Asparagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43D8624BFF96FFD6FDAF19E0FD3CF8A6" box="[528,671,1778,1805]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">A. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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