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<document id="E456C149EC4ECD2A82A69010D4A5D203" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.7" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13648562" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725379098047" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lanorsavanh, Soulivanh &amp; Chantaranothai, Pranom" docDate="2016" docId="CE12583BFFE5FFFFFF18F9F6FF15607D" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.270.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 270 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Argostemma laotica Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai 2016, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="226" masterDocId="322B2043FFE5FFFCFF90FF82FFE1617C" masterDocTitle="Argostemma laotica (Rubiaceae), a new species from Laos" masterLastPageNumber="226" masterPageNumber="223" pageNumber="223" updateTime="1725386619084" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="817FF1AD481D726F077B8B6D737F0DC9">Argostemma laotica (Rubiaceae), a new species from Laos</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F81843FF68D2875522AA1E44982C0757">Lanorsavanh, Soulivanh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2206DD9FECDD31501DDBF3FB39B2FC48">Chantaranothai, Pranom</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE5FFFCFF18F9F6FD3867F3" ID-CoL="GHJR" authority="Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai" authorityName="Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,729,1652,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laotica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE5FFFCFF18F9F6FE8E67F3" bold="true" box="[136,367,1652,1679]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Argostemma laotica</emphasis>
Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai
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,
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</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="DE80F5A8FFE5FFFCFCD0F9F4FC4867F3" box="[832,937,1654,1679]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[136,229,920,941]" captionStartId-1="1.[136,229,1571,1592]" captionStartId-2="2.[136,229,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox-0="[501,1085,476,886]" captionTargetBox-1="[471,1117,967,1545]" captionTargetBox-2="[175,1403,1025,1887]" captionTargetId-0="figure-136@1.[486,1100,461,895]" captionTargetId-1="figure-156@1.[471,1117,967,1545]" captionTargetId-2="figure-138@2.[151,1436,1008,1916]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Argostemma laotica in northern Laos. The closed circle (∙) indicates collection locality." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Argostemma laotica: A. habitat and habit; B. inflorescence and leaves; C. tubers, stems, leaves and inflorescences (from Lanorsavanh 760). Photos by S. Lanorsavanh." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Argostemma laotica: A. Habit; B. Leaf; C. Flower; D. Inflorescence; E. Stamens; F. Style and Stigma. Scale bars = 5 mm. Drawn by W. Thammarong." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13648566" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13648568" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13648572" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13648566/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13648568/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13648572/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0EA1BAA6FFE5FFFCFF18F942FACB663D" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE5FFFCFF18F942FACB663D" blockId="0.[136,1452,1728,1929]" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE5FFFCFF18F942FEA967A9" ID-CoL="GHJR" authorityName="Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,328,1728,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laotica">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE5FFFCFF18F942FEA967A9" box="[136,328,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Argostemma laotica</emphasis>
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is similar to
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE5FFFCFE2DF942FD3667A9" ID-CoL="GHGP" authority="Hemsley (1895" authorityName="Hemsley" authorityYear="1895" box="[445,727,1728,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concinnum">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE5FFFCFE2DF942FDDF67A9" box="[445,574,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">A. concinnum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="222A94DCFFE5FFFCFDD3F942FD3667A9" author="Hemsley, W. B." box="[579,727,1728,1749]" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" refId="ref1397" refString="Hemsley, W. B. (1895) Hooker's icones plantarum; or figures, with brief descriptive characters and remarks of new or rare plants. Bentham-Moxon Trustees, Kew." type="book" year="1895">Hemsley (1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: t. 2380) in perennial herb with tuber, acute leaf apex, terminal inflorescence, 5-merous flower, triangular calyx lobes, star-shped flower and capitate stigma, but differs in having pubescent stem (vs. glabrous), leaf base oblique (vs. acute or attenuate), corolla and ovaries pubescent (vs. glabrous), and shorter pedicels of
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long (vs.
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long) and smaller anthers of
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long (vs.
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long), which a dehiscence by an apical pore.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE5FFFCFF18F8D2FF236619" bold="true" box="[136,194,1872,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Type:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="3EACA9BDFFE5FFFCFF4CF8D2FEFD6619" box="[220,284,1872,1893]" name="Laos" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">LAOS</collectingCountry>
.
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:
<location id="4364BFF6FFE5FFFCFE2BF8D2FD806619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE12583BFFE5FFFFFF18F9F6FF15607D:4364BFF6FFE5FFFCFE2BF8D2FD806619" box="[443,609,1872,1893]" country="Laos" county="National University of Laos" municipality="Biology Herbarium" name="Thathom district" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Thathom district</location>
,
<location id="4364BFF6FFE5FFFCFDFFF8D2FD316619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE12583BFFE5FFFFFF18F9F6FF15607D:4364BFF6FFE5FFFCFDFFF8D2FD316619" box="[623,720,1872,1893]" country="Laos" county="National University of Laos" municipality="Biology Herbarium" name="Xan river" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Xan river</location>
,
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<collectingDate id="22413605FFE5FFFCFD4DF8D2FCBF6619" box="[733,862,1872,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" value="2013-07-16">16 Jul. 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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<location id="4364BFF6FFE5FFFCFCFCF8D2FC0A6619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE12583BFFE5FFFFFF18F9F6FF15607D:4364BFF6FFE5FFFCFCFCF8D2FC0A6619" box="[876,1003,1872,1893]" country="Laos" county="National University of Laos" municipality="Biology Herbarium" name="Lanorsavanh" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Lanorsavanh</location>
760
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="9900578FFFE5FFFCFBB9F8D2FB9E6619" box="[1065,1151,1872,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectingMunicipality id="A6607357FFE5FFFCFB19F8D2FAAD6619" box="[1161,1356,1872,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Biology Herbarium</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="AF6591A1FFE5FFFCFAC9F8D2FE9866F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">National University of Laos</collectingCounty>
!;
<typeStatus id="9900578FFFE5FFFCFE16F8F6FE2A66F5" box="[390,459,1908,1929]" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="161D4156FFE5FFFCFE41F8F6FDAA66F5" box="[465,587,1908,1929]" collectionCode="KKU" country="Thailand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pwjq-e3rs" name="Herbarium, Department of Biology, Khon Kaen University" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">KKU28953</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE5FFFDFF18F838FED460C9" blockId="0.[136,1452,1978,2075]" lastBlockId="1.[136,1452,160,437]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
Perennial herb with tubers. Stems erect,
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tall, pubescent. Stipules triangular or ovate, 12 ×
<quantity id="814344C8FFE5FFFCFABFF838FA4666AF" box="[1327,1447,1978,2003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">11.5 mm</quantity>
, pubescent. Petioles
<quantity id="814344C8FFE5FFFCFEE3F85CFE33668B" box="[371,466,2014,2039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13 mm</quantity>
long, pubescent. Leaves simple, opposite (or pseudo-verticillate); blade membranous or chartaceous, elliptic, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1017 ×
<quantity id="814344C8FFE5FFFCFCBEF780FC6F6967" box="[814,910,2050,2075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">47 mm</quantity>
, base oblique, apex acute, margins entire; upper leaf surface dark green; lower leaf surface brown; both surfaces pubescent; lateral veins 34 pairs. Inflorescence 2- flowered, terminal; peduncles very short; bracts 2, subequal, linear or lanceolate, 36 ×
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long, green or pale green. Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic; pedicels
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long, pubescent. Calyx lobes pale green, triangular, 22.5 x
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, erect or spreading, pubescent outside. Corolla white, star-shaped; tube 11.2 x
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; lobes lanceolate or narrowly triangular, 55.2 x
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, spreading, pubescent. Stamens 5; filaments free,
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long; anthers connivent, white, basifixed, oblong,
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long, without apical appendage, opening by an apical pore. Ovary densely pubescent; style filiform,
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long, glabrous; stigma capitate, ca. 0.3 x
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. Fruit unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFF18FC1AFF1F62D1" bold="true" box="[136,254,920,941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE4FFFDFE07FC1AFDB862D1" authorityName="Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai" authorityYear="2016" box="[407,601,920,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laotica">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFE07FC1AFDB862D1" box="[407,601,920,941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Argostemma laotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern Laos. The closed circle (
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFC2BFC15FC2062D2" box="[955,961,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224"></emphasis>
) indicates collection locality.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="12C4B9A5FFE4FFFDFF18F9A1FDA66720" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13648568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13648568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13648568/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" startId="1.[136,229,1571,1592]" targetBox="[471,1117,967,1545]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE4FFFDFF18F9A1FDA66720" blockId="1.[136,1451,1571,1628]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFF18F9A1FEE16744" bold="true" box="[136,256,1571,1592]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE4FFFDFE98F9A1FE2D6744" authorityName="Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai" authorityYear="2016" box="[264,460,1571,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laotica">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFE98F9A1FE2D6744" box="[264,460,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Argostemma laotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A. habitat and habit; B. inflorescence and leaves; C. tubers, stems, leaves and inflorescences (from
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFF18F9C5FED06720" box="[136,305,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Lanorsavanh 760</emphasis>
). Photos by S. Lanorsavanh.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="0EA1BAA6FFE4FFFDFF2DF90EFDCA6791" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE4FFFDFF2DF90EFD6567B5" blockId="1.[136,1452,1676,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFF2DF90EFE0F67D9" bold="true" box="[189,494,1676,1701]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
—Endemic to
<collectingCountry id="3EACA9BDFFE4FFFDFD03F90EFD2867D9" box="[659,713,1676,1701]" name="Laos" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Laos</collectingCountry>
and only known from the
<typeStatus id="9900578FFFE4FFFDFC67F90EFBC667D9" box="[1015,1063,1676,1701]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
locality in Xiangkhoang, growing on wet rock, along river, elevation ca.
<specimenCount id="50BD22A4FFE4FFFDFDA6F932FD6567B5" box="[566,644,1712,1737]" count="200" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="generic">
<quantity id="814344C8FFE4FFFDFDA6F932FD6167B5" box="[566,640,1712,1737]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE4FFFDFF2DF956FDCA6791" blockId="1.[136,1452,1676,1989]" box="[189,555,1748,1773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFF2DF956FEA26791" bold="true" box="[189,323,1748,1773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Flowering in July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EA1BAA6FFE4FFFFFF2DF97AFF15607D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE4FFFDFF2DF97AFB32666D" blockId="1.[136,1452,1676,1989]" box="[189,1235,1784,1809]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFF2DF97AFEA9666D" bold="true" box="[189,328,1784,1809]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet refers to the country in which the specimen was collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE4FFFDFF2DF89EFC9766B9" blockId="1.[136,1452,1676,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE4FFFDFF2DF89EFE526649" bold="true" box="[189,435,1820,1845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—This species is endemic to Xiangkhoang province. Little is known about its conservation status. At present known from only one locality, it is here considered Vulnerable (VU D2) (
<bibRefCitation id="222A94DCFFE4FFFDFB1AF8C2FAF46625" author="IUCN" box="[1162,1301,1856,1881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" refId="ref1430" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN red list categories and criteria, Version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commision. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom, 32 pp." type="book" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
). However, it has been overlooked, and is probably more frequent than records suggest. The landscape of Xiangkhoang province has suffered, many changes over the last 20 years due to urban development and the spread of intensive agriculture. However, many riverside sites suitable for this species still remain.
</paragraph>
<caption id="12C4B9A5FFE7FFFEFF18FF22FCA061C9" box="[136,833,160,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="225" startId="2.[136,216,160,181]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE7FFFEFF18FF22FCA061C9" blockId="2.[136,833,160,181]" box="[136,833,160,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE7FFFEFF18FF22FF1161C9" bold="true" box="[136,240,160,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison between
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE7FFFEFE57FF22FD6961C9" authorityName="Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai" authorityYear="2016" box="[455,648,160,181]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laotica">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE7FFFEFE57FF22FD6961C9" box="[455,648,160,181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Argostemma laotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE7FFFEFD27FF22FCDB61C9" authorityName="Hemsley" authorityYear="1895" box="[695,826,160,181]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concinnum">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE7FFFEFD27FF22FCDB61C9" box="[695,826,160,181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">A. concinnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE7FFFEFF07FF48FB8562D1" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<table id="34BB1B8DFFE70003FF07FF4BFA7D62D1" box="[151,1436,201,941]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FF4BFA7D61A3" box="[151,1436,201,223]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FF4BFE1861A3" box="[151,505,201,223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE7FFFEFF07FF48FEEB61A3" bold="true" box="[151,266,202,223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FF4BFC3C61A3" box="[563,989,201,223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE7FFFEFDA3FF48FD7361A3" authorityName="Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai" authorityYear="2016" box="[563,658,201,223]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laotica">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE7FFFEFDA3FF48FD7361A3" bold="true" box="[563,658,201,223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">A. laotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FF4BFA7D61A3" box="[1041,1436,201,223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE7FFFEFB81FF48FB7C61A3" authority="Stem" authorityName="Stem" box="[1041,1181,202,223]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concinnum">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE7FFFEFB81FF48FB7C61A3" bold="true" box="[1041,1181,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">A. concinnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FF7BFA7D6072" box="[151,1436,249,270]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FF7BFE186072" box="[151,505,249,270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Stem length (cm) and pubescence</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FF7BFC3C6072" box="[563,989,249,270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">12.5, pubescent</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FF7BFA7D6072" box="[1041,1436,249,270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">410, glabrous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FEAAFA7D6041" box="[151,1436,296,317]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FEAAFE186041" box="[151,505,296,317]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Leaf base</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FEAAFC3C6041" box="[563,989,296,317]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">oblique</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FEAAFA7D6041" box="[1041,1436,296,317]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">acute or attenuate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FED5FA7D60EC" box="[151,1436,343,400]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FED5FE1860EC" box="[151,505,343,400]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Leaf indumentum</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FED5FC3C60EC" box="[563,989,343,400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">pubescent</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FED5FA7D60EC" box="[1041,1436,343,400]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">glabrous except pubescent on the midrib, veins and margin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FE28FA7D609F" box="[151,1436,426,483]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FE28FE18609F" box="[151,505,426,483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Inflorescence</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FE28FC3C609F" box="[563,989,426,483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">2-flowered</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FE28FA7D609F" box="[1041,1436,426,483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">12-flowered or with 2 to 3 pairs of flowers</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FE7FFA7D636E" box="[151,1436,509,530]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FE7FFE18636E" box="[151,505,509,530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Pedicel length (mm) and pubescence</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FE7FFC3C636E" box="[563,989,509,530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">67, pubescent</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FE7FFA7D636E" box="[1041,1436,509,530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">1020, glabrous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FDAEFA7D6319" box="[151,1436,556,613]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FDAEFE186319" box="[151,505,556,613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Corolla lobes and pubescence</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FDAEFC3C6319" box="[563,989,556,613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">lanceolate or narrowly triangular, spreading, pubescent</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FDAEFA7D6319" box="[1041,1436,556,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">narrowly triangular, glabrous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FDFCFA7D63EF" box="[151,1436,638,659]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FDFCFE1863EF" box="[151,505,638,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Corolla length (mm)</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FDFCFC3C63EF" box="[563,989,638,659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">55.2</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FDFCFA7D63EF" box="[1041,1436,638,659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">1012</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FD2FFA7D63BE" box="[151,1436,685,706]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FD2FFE1863BE" box="[151,505,685,706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Filament length (mm)</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FD2FFC3C63BE" box="[563,989,685,706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">2.53.2</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FD2FFA7D63BE" box="[1041,1436,685,706]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">ca. 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FD5EFA7D638D" box="[151,1436,732,753]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FD5EFE18638D" box="[151,505,732,753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Anther length (mm)</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FD5EFC3C638D" box="[563,989,732,753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">2.22.5</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FD5EFA7D638D" box="[1041,1436,732,753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">56.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FC89FA7D625C" box="[151,1436,779,800]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FC89FE18625C" box="[151,505,779,800]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Anther dehiscence</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FC89FC3C625C" box="[563,989,779,800]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">apical pore</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FC89FA7D625C" box="[1041,1436,779,800]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">longitudinal slits</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FCB8FA7D6233" box="[151,1436,826,847]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FCB8FE186233" box="[151,505,826,847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Style</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FCB8FC3C6233" box="[563,989,826,847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">glabrous</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FCB8FA7D6233" box="[1041,1436,826,847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">glabrous except hirsute at base</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FCEBFA7D6202" box="[151,1436,873,894]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FCEBFE186202" box="[151,505,873,894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Style length (mm)</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FCEBFC3C6202" box="[563,989,873,894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">55.2</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FCEBFA7D6202" box="[1041,1436,873,894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">up to 10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F88BEB6FFFE70003FF07FC1AFA7D62D1" box="[151,1436,920,941]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<th id="BB5A8213FFE70003FF07FC1AFE1862D1" box="[151,505,920,941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Ovary pubescence</th>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FDA3FC1AFC3C62D1" box="[563,989,920,941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">densely pubescent</td>
<td id="BB5A8213FFE70003FB81FC1AFA7D62D1" box="[1041,1436,920,941]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">glabrous</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="12C4B9A5FFE7FFFEFF18F817FE7466B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13648572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13648572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13648572/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="225" startId="2.[136,229,1941,1962]" targetBox="[175,1403,1025,1887]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE7FFFEFF18F817FE7466B2" blockId="2.[136,1453,1941,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE7FFFEFF18F817FF1E66D6" bold="true" box="[136,255,1941,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE7FFFEFE95F817FE2966D6" authorityName="Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai" authorityYear="2016" box="[261,456,1941,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laotica">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE7FFFEFE95F817FE2966D6" box="[261,456,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="225">Argostemma laotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A. Habit; B. Leaf; C. Flower; D. Inflorescence; E. Stamens; F. Style and Stigma. Scale bars = 5 mm. Drawn by W. Thammarong.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4604E92DFFE6FFFFFF2DFF22FF15607D" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE6FFFFFF2DFF22FF1E61C5" bold="true" box="[189,255,160,185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Note:</emphasis>
—The general aspect of
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE6FFFFFD8BFF22FD6A61C5" authorityName="Lanorsavanh &amp; Chantaranothai" authorityYear="2016" box="[539,651,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laotica">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE6FFFFFD8BFF22FD6A61C5" box="[539,651,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">A. laotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="81BB92AEFFE6FFFFFCB6FF22FC2261C5" box="[806,963,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Argostemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concinnum">
<emphasis id="74CF353FFFE6FFFFFCB6FF22FC2261C5" box="[806,963,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">A. concinnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs by having indumentum on the stems, leaves, pedicels, corollas and ovaries, shorter pedicels and smaller anthers, which a dehiscence by an apical pore (
<tableCitation id="0B39DC96FFE6FFFFFF1FFF6AFF02607D" box="[143,227,232,257]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,216,160,181]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison between Argostemma laotica and A. concinnum." pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="77D9AE817905C3F3ACC6812393727E35" ID-CLB-Dataset="302231" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.263.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6314dac3-f37e-41f9-86ae-d1e01dba426a" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13671467" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725399636725" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wu, Fang, Yuan, Yuan, Chen, Jia-Jia &amp; He, Shuang-Hui" docDate="2016" docId="CE43A1113141FFC0EFDAF558645B67DB" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.263.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 263 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.263.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Luteoporia albomarginata Wu &amp; Yuan &amp; Chen &amp; He 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="327AD9693147FFC7EF52F23467726007" masterDocTitle="Luteoporia albomarginata gen. et sp. nov. (Meruliaceae, Basidiomycota) from tropical China" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1725426488371" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="EE6260852D9B667B4B1556D13E4F44FB">Luteoporia albomarginata gen. et sp. nov. (Meruliaceae, Basidiomycota) from tropical China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="344E05468D335F32BF5DBFF2EA8B433D">Wu, Fang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C23B95428743AA0922FF4CF80D4B88E">Yuan, Yuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A685164E01AF78237E9DAA7D2F04AF1">Chen, Jia-Jia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9DEC8CB27C6DA6C8158067C7B86AB3C7">He, Shuang-Hui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C9411D6217945C86502097878C0C9556">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EC76984516D5750EC3D58F4ACF4D5193">2016</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="0EF0438C3141FFC1EFDAF55866E567AE" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="465510073141FFC1EFDAF55864996780" blockId="6.[136,1003,1899,1927]" box="[136,1003,1899,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="1D1DA76B3141FFC1EFDAF55864996780" box="[136,1003,1899,1927]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="81EA6B843141FFC1EFDAF558647B6780" ID-CoL="3WG3G" authority="F. Wu, Jia J. Chen &amp; S.H. He" authorityName="Wu &amp; Yuan &amp; Chen &amp; He" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,777,1899,1927]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Luteoporia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albomarginata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="749ECC153141FFC1EFDAF55866CB6781" bold="true" box="[136,441,1899,1926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Luteoporia albomarginata</emphasis>
F. Wu, Jia J. Chen &amp; S.H. He
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="749ECC153141FFC1EC47F55A64186780" box="[789,874,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6FAD716E3141FFC1EC47F55A64186780" box="[789,874,1902,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="DED10C823141FFC1EC2AF55A64B56780" box="[888,967,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1414,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,425,1389]" captionTargetId="figure-133@7.[151,1436,425,1389]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fruiting bodies of Luteoporia albomarginata (from the holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13671473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13671473/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DED10C823141FFC1EC81F55A64936780" box="[979,993,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1698,1719]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[158,1430,190,1673]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Microscopic structures of Luteoporia albomarginata (from the holotype). a: Basidiospores. b: Hymenial structure. c: Hyphae from trama. d: Cystidia-like hyphae. Bars: (a-d) 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13671477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13671477/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">3</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465510073141FFC1EFDAF5A066E567AE" blockId="6.[136,1451,1940,2033]" box="[136,407,1940,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">MycoBank no.: MB 815684</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EF0438C3141FFC0EFDAF58C645B67DB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="465510073141FFC1EFDAF58C661867F6" blockId="6.[136,1451,1940,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="749ECC153141FFC1EFDAF58C67CE67CA" box="[136,188,1976,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Type.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3EFD50973141FFC1EF90F58C666367CA" box="[194,273,1976,1997]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="842EDEE53141FFC1EE49F58C66CD67CA" box="[283,447,1976,1997]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
, Wuzhishan County, Wuzhishan Nature Reserve, on rotten angiosperm wood,
<date id="325436C73141FFC1EBE4F58C624867CA" box="[1206,1338,1976,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" value="2015-05-31">31 May 2015</date>
,
<emphasis id="749ECC153141FFC1EA17F58C62D967CA" box="[1349,1451,1976,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Dai 15229</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="9951AEA53141FFC1EF96F5E8665367F6" box="[196,289,2012,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="20FB88C23141FFC1EE79F5E8661167F6" box="[299,355,2012,2033]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" name="Beijing Forestry University" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="Herbarium">BJFC</collectionCode>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465510073140FFC0EFDAF294642660BE" blockId="7.[136,1452,160,401]" box="[136,852,160,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EFDAF294667460BE" box="[136,262,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Etymology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="81EA6B843140FFC0EE5EF294668D60BE" authority="(Lat.)" baseAuthorityName="Lat." box="[268,511,160,185]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Luteoporia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albomarginata">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EE5EF29466C760BE" box="[268,437,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Albomarginata</emphasis>
(Lat.)
</taxonomicName>
: referring to the white margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465510073140FFC0EFEFF2F064FF6196" blockId="7.[136,1452,160,401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EFEFF2F0661360DA" box="[189,353,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Fruiting body.</emphasis>
Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, up to
<quantity id="8112BDE23140FFC0EC7BF2F0640260DA" box="[809,880,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="8112BDE23140FFC0ECEFF2F0637660DA" box="[957,1028,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
wide, and
<quantity id="8112BDE23140FFC0EBDAF2F063B960DA" box="[1160,1227,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
thick at the centre, soft and without odour or taste when fresh, becoming corky to hard corky upon drying; sterile margin cottony to rhizomophic, thinning out, white when fresh, become yellow when dry, up to
<quantity id="8112BDE23140FFC0ECB3F33863566122" box="[993,1060,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
. Pore surface pale yellow to yellow when fresh, becoming straw-coloured when dry; pores angular to irregular, mostly 2
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EB7EF3046348614E" box="[1068,1082,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38"></emphasis>
4 per mm, but sometimes 1
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EA34F3046206614E" box="[1382,1396,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38"></emphasis>
2 per mm; dissepiments thin, lacerate. Subiculum white when fresh, soft corky, becoming yellow and corky when dry, about
<quantity id="8112BDE23140FFC0EFDAF34C67AC6196" box="[136,222,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
thick. Tubes concolorous to pores, corky, up to
<quantity id="8112BDE23140FFC0EDAAF34C643C6196" box="[760,846,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1295408F3140FFC0EFDAF7B2640F659C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13671473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13671473" box="[136,893,1414,1435]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13671473/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" startId="7.[136,229,1414,1435]" targetBox="[151,1436,425,1389]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="465510073140FFC0EFDAF7B2640F659C" blockId="7.[136,893,1414,1435]" box="[136,893,1414,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EFDAF7B2678C659C" bold="true" box="[136,254,1414,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Fruiting bodies of
<taxonomicName id="81EA6B843140FFC0EEE7F7B265C6659C" box="[437,692,1414,1435]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Luteoporia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albomarginata">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EEE7F7B265C6659C" box="[437,692,1414,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Luteoporia albomarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from the holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="465510073140FFC0EFEFF7FF67BE662B" blockId="7.[136,1452,1483,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EFEFF7FF66F165E3" box="[189,387,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Hyphal structure.</emphasis>
Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae bearing fine yellow crystals, frequently bearing clamp connection, occasionally simple septate, rarely branched; tissues becoming purple but otherwise unchanged in KOH.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465510073140FFC0EFEFF403645E6673" blockId="7.[136,1452,1483,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EFEFF40366496657" box="[189,315,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Subiculum.</emphasis>
Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, frequently branched with frequent clamp connections, regularly arranged, IKI-, CB-, 46 μm in diam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465510073140FFC0EFEFF44B66B6672F" blockId="7.[136,1452,1483,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EFEFF44B6674669F" box="[189,262,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Tubes.</emphasis>
Tramal hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, frequently branched with frequent clamp connections, loosely interwoven, IKI-, CB-, 35 μm in diam. Some hyphae with swollen tips, mostly 1015 μm in diam., the swollen tips projecting out of hymenium, cystidia-like. Fusoid cystidioles occasionally present; basidia subclavate to barrel-shaped, thin-walled with a basal clamp connection and four sterigmata, 1012 × 44.8 μm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465510073140FFC0EFEFF50764086777" blockId="7.[136,1452,1483,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EFEFF5076611674B" box="[189,355,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Basidiospores.</emphasis>
oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, tapering at apiculus, IKI-, CB-, (3.7)3.95(5.2) × 1.82.2 μm, L = 4.26 μm, W = 2.01 μm, Q = 2.092.16 (n=60/2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465510073140FFC0EFEFF54F645B67DB" blockId="7.[136,1452,1483,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EFEFF54F669B6793" box="[189,489,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Other specimen examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3EFD50973140FFC0EEA2F54F653E6793" box="[496,588,1915,1940]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="842EDEE53140FFC0ED0AF54F64646793" box="[600,790,1915,1940]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
, Wuzhishan County, Wuzhishan Nature Reserve, on rotten angiosperm wood,
<date id="325436C73140FFC0EE0EF5AB668067BF" box="[348,498,1951,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" value="2015-05-31">31 May 2015</date>
,
<emphasis id="749ECC153140FFC0EEAEF5AB650067BF" box="[508,626,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Dai 15240</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="9951AEA53140FFC0EDD2F5AB659567BF" box="[640,743,1951,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="20FB88C23140FFC0EDA3F5AB644467BF" box="[753,822,1951,1976]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" name="Beijing Forestry University" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">BJFC</collectionCode>
).
<collectingCountry id="3EFD50973140FFC0EC15F5AB64D167BF" box="[839,931,1951,1976]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="842EDEE53140FFC0ECFEF5AB631167BF" box="[940,1123,1951,1976]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
, Shunhuangshan Forest Park, on rotten angiosperm wood,
<date id="325436C73140FFC0EE9BF5F7652F67DB" box="[457,605,1987,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" value="2015-07-13">13 July 2015</date>
, He 2300 (
<collectionCode id="20FB88C23140FFC0ED85F5F7646F67DB" box="[727,797,1987,2012]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" name="Beijing Forestry University" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">BJFC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="749ECC153141FFC1EFDAF740667A6589" bold="true" box="[136,264,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Luteoporia</emphasis>
F. Wu, Jia J. Chen &amp; S.H. He
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<typeStatus id="9951AEA53141FFC1EFDAF7F467CA65D2" box="[136,184,1472,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<emphasis id="749ECC153141FFC1EE5DF7F4657C65D2" box="[271,526,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Luteoporia albomarginata</emphasis>
F. Wu, Jia J. Chen &amp; S.H. He.
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Etymology.
<taxonomicName id="81EA6B843141FFC1EE43F43266A56618" authority="(Lat.)" baseAuthorityName="Lat." box="[273,471,1542,1567]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Luteoporia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
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(Lat.)
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: referring to the yellow poroid hymenophore.
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<paragraph id="465510073141FFC1EFEFF41E630266D4" blockId="6.[136,1452,1542,1855]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, soft when fresh, hard corky upon drying. Hymenophore poroid; pore surface yellow when fresh, straw-coloured when dry; pores angular to irregular; dissepiments thin, lacerate. Margin cottony, thinning out. Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; tissues become red in KOH. Cystidia-like hyphae projecting out of hymenium, cystidioles present. Basidia subclavate to barrel-shaped, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection. Basidiospores oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI-, CB-.</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="9951AEA53141FFC1EFEFF4EA678766F0" box="[189,245,1758,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
of rot. White rot.
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Remarks.
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is distinguished from other fungal genera by having yellow poroid hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal structure, generative hyphae with clamp connections, cystidia-like hyphae projecting out of hymenium.
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D.L.A. Vásquez &amp; J. Calvo
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(
<figureCitation id="DEDE2A2FFFB43022FCF245D6FCBF94D9" box="[814,880,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,187,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[203,1385,187,1926]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Senecio sangayensis. A. Radiate capitulum. B. Involucre. C. Part of the racemiform synflorescence and detail of the synflorescence bracts. D. Cauline leaves. E. Detail of young rosette leaves with mucilage. F. Rosette. AD, F: plant photographed near laguna Culebrillas, Cañar (J. Calvo, not collected). E: plant from the type locality (D.L.A. Vásquez)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13666442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13666442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="DEDE2A2FFFB43022FC4845D6FC6C94D9" box="[916,931,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1724,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,1699]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Senecio sangayensis. A. Habit. B. Distribution map (▲). C. Habitat. Population near laguna Culebrillas, Cañar (J. Calvo)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13666446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13666446/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">2</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FF5445A0FF159483" bold="true" box="[136,218,480,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Type:—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3EF2763AFFB43022FF0645A0FE9E9483" box="[218,337,480,501]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="8421F848FFB43022FE8745A0FE199483" box="[347,470,480,501]" country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Chimborazo</collectingRegion>
: near Atillo lakes,
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<geoCoordinate id="23D1506DFFB43022FCD845A0FC4C9483" box="[772,899,480,501]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-78.54528">78º3243” W</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
<date id="325B106AFFB43022FC3E45A0FB4A9483" box="[994,1157,480,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" value="2010-10-10">10 October 2010</date>
,
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FB4C45A0FA869483" box="[1168,1353,480,501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
D.
<collectionCode id="20F4AE6FFFB43022FB7A45A0FB7A9483" box="[1190,1205,480,501]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="20F4AE6FFFB43022FB6445A0FB069483" box="[1208,1225,480,501]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
Vásquez 302
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="995E8808FFB43022FA8A45A0FA639483" box="[1366,1452,480,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectingCountry id="3EF2763AFFB43022FF614644FF22976F" box="[189,237,516,537]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">PRC</collectingCountry>
,
<typeStatus id="995E8808FFB43022FF2B4644FEF3976F" box="[247,316,516,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="20F4AE6FFFB43022FE9E4644FEA2976F" box="[322,365,516,537]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB43022FF544668FCC597F3" blockId="1.[136,1452,480,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FF544668FE83974B" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,332,552,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FF544668FE83974B" box="[136,332,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Senecio sangayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other Andean
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FDB14668FCCD974B" box="[621,770,552,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FDB14668FD77974B" box="[621,696,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Senecio</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the combination of the following characters: robust habit, erect stem densely covered by coriaceous sessile leaves, striking racemiform synflorescence composed of dense cymose-corymbs subtended by triangular-ovate bracts, and semelparous life-history strategy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB43022FF5446F6FA679141" blockId="1.[136,1452,694,2087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
Perennial semelparous plant up to
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FDD746F6FD8397B9" box="[523,588,694,719]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="1.7">1.7 m</quantity>
(in bloom). Stem erect, unbranched, up to
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in diam., and densely leaved with no internode elongation. Before developing the stem, basal leaves arranged in a rosette and covered with a mucilaginous fluid. When the stem starts developing, the basal and lower cauline leaves wither and remain attached to the stem. Leaves
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FEBB4762FE19964D" box="[359,470,802,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="cm" value="24.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="13.0">1335 cm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FD994762FD57964D" box="[581,664,802,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">58 cm</quantity>
wide, coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, sessile, slightly decurrent, denticulate, glabrescent above, densely arachnoid beneath especially when young. Synflorescence up to
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FAF94706FAA49629" box="[1317,1387,838,863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
long,
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in diam., racemiform, composed of dense cymose-corymbs of ca. 6 capitula subtended by triangular-ovate bracts. Capitula radiate, ca.
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FE6747CEFE3E96D1" box="[443,497,910,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
in diam., becoming nodding as time passes. Involucre
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FB9347CEFB0896D1" box="[1103,1223,910,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">1013 mm</quantity>
in diam.,
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long, bell-shaped; involucral bracts 1416,
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long,
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FCE747F2FC0B96BD" box="[827,964,946,971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.52.2 mm</quantity>
wide, without scarious margin, lanceolate, glabrous; supplementary bracts 1014,
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FD984796FD7F9699" box="[580,688,982,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">710 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FD244796FCA49699" box="[760,875,982,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">11.2 mm</quantity>
wide, subulate, without scarious margin, almost as long as involucral bracts, glabrous. Ray florets 713, up to
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FCF247BAFCB19165" box="[814,894,1018,1043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
long, yellow; disc florets 4050,
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long, yellow; style branches truncate. Achenes glabrous,
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long; pappus whitish. Chromosome number: unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EFF6521FFB43022FF614002FED690E9" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB43022FF614002FD259045" blockId="1.[136,1452,694,2087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FF614002FDA9912D" bold="true" box="[189,614,1090,1115]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FD5E4002FCA7912D" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[642,872,1090,1115]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FD5E4002FCA7912D" box="[642,872,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Senecio sangayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from three localities in the southern part of the Sangay National Park, which is located in the eastern Ecuadorian Cordillera (
<figureCitation id="DEDE2A2FFFB43022FBA94026FB019109" box="[1141,1230,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1724,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,1699]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Senecio sangayensis. A. Habit. B. Distribution map (▲). C. Habitat. Population near laguna Culebrillas, Cañar (J. Calvo)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13666446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13666446/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Two localities are situated around
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FEE340CAFE5991D5" box="[319,406,1162,1187]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</quantity>
a.s.l. on the west-oriented slopes of the Cordillera; one locality between the community of Pomacocho and the Ozogoche lakes, and the other between the community Pillcopata and the Culebrillas lake. The third locality is situated at
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FE1C4092FDD7919D" box="[448,536,1234,1259]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.061" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="4061.0">4061 m</quantity>
a.s.l. between the Ozogoche and Atillo lakes on the east-oriented slopes of the Cordillera. This side of the Cordillera, unlike the west-oriented slopes, is covered by forests that extend from the tree-line to the Amazonian forests (
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB43022FE03415AFD119045" author="Bader, M. Y. &amp; Ruijten, J. J." box="[479,734,1306,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="711 - 723" refId="ref2063" refString="Bader, M. Y. &amp; Ruijten, J. J. (2008) A topography-based model of forest cover at the alpine tree line in the tropical Andes. Journal of Biogeography 35: 711 - 723." type="journal article" year="2008">Bader &amp; Ruijten 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB43022FF61417EFED690E9" blockId="1.[136,1452,694,2087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
The species occurs above the tree-line in a locally very humid páramo. The vegetation is dominated by
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FF544122FE9B900D" box="[136,340,1378,1403]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FF544122FEE3900D" box="[136,300,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FE574122FDAB900D" box="[395,612,1378,1403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Neurolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aristata">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FE574122FDAB900D" box="[395,612,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Neurolepis aristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species is semelparous, having only one reproductive episode during its life cycle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EFF6521FFB43022FF6141EAFADA9359" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB43022FF6141EAFA549091" blockId="1.[136,1452,694,2087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FF6141EAFE8790B5" bold="true" box="[189,328,1450,1475]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The epithet
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FE3941EAFDA390B5" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[485,620,1450,1475]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FE3941EAFDA390B5" box="[485,620,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">sangayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the name of the National Park, “Sangay”, where the three localities known for the species were found. The National Park was named after one of its main features, the Sangay volcano.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB43022FF6141B2FADA9359" blockId="1.[136,1452,694,2087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FF6141B2FD28937D" bold="true" box="[189,743,1522,1547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="995E8808FFB43022FD8041B2FD16937D" box="[604,729,1522,1547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3EF2763AFFB43022FCDF41B2FC42937D" box="[771,909,1522,1547]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="8421F848FFB43022FC4341B2FBE1937D" box="[927,1070,1522,1547]" country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Chimborazo</collectingRegion>
: Alausí, Achupallas, páramo de Pomacocho,
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<geoCoordinate id="23D1506DFFB43022FEA24256FE279359" box="[382,488,1558,1583]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="-78.65">78º39 W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FE2E4256FD869359" box="[498,585,1558,1583]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.655" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="3655.0">3655 m</quantity>
,
<date id="325B106AFFB43022FD894256FD219359" box="[597,750,1558,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" value="2013-06-17">17 June 2013</date>
,
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FD254256FC339359" box="[761,1020,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">J. Caranqui et al. 2306</emphasis>
(QCA-230005!, CHEP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EFF6521FFB43027FF61427AFD08941B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB43022FF61427AFD02925D" blockId="1.[136,1452,694,2087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FF61427AFE8A9325" bold="true" box="[189,325,1594,1619]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Discussion:</emphasis>
—The racemiform synflorescence composed of dense cymose-corymbs subtended by triangular-ovate bracts, the coriaceous sessile leaves closely arranged along the stem, and the large radiate capitula make this species unique among the Andean
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FDC342C2FD1693ED" box="[543,729,1666,1691]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FDC342C2FDB993ED" box="[543,630,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Senecio</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
Its robust habit (almost reaching
<quantity id="811D9B4FFFB43022FBBB42C2FB5993ED" box="[1127,1174,1666,1691]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
tall) and the long-lived semelparous strategy are also unusual characters within Andean
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FCA542E6FC1F93C9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[889,976,1702,1727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FCA542E6FC1F93C9" box="[889,976,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Senecio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another robust species displaying large radiate yellow capitula is the Colombian endemic
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FD1D428AFBA79395" authority="Cuatrecasas (1940: 6)" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1940" box="[705,1128,1738,1763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="niveoaureus">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FD1D428AFCA89395" box="[705,871,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">S. niveoaureus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB43022FCB2428AFBA79395" author="Cuatrecasas, J." box="[878,1128,1738,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref2512" refString="Cuatrecasas, J. (1940) Estudios sobre plantas andinas, 1. Caldasia 1: 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="1940">Cuatrecasas (1940: 6)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this species has a laxer synflorescence, paniculiform instead of racemiform, narrower leaves, and the whole plant is covered with a white lanate indumentum. Any confusion is very unlikely.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB43022FF614376FC759D51" blockId="1.[136,1452,694,2087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
The singular morphology of
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FDC44376FD0D9239" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[536,706,1846,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FDC44376FD0D9239" box="[536,706,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">S. sangayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FC744376FE409205" authority="(Baker 1894: 140) Mabberley (1986: 100)" authorityName="Mabberley" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Baker" baseAuthorityPageNumber="140" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dendrosenecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keniensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FC744376FB0A9239" box="[936,1221,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Dendrosenecio keniensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB43022FB054376FA6C9239" author="Baker, E. G." box="[1241,1443,1846,1871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="140 - 142" refId="ref2122" refString="Baker, E. G. (1894) A new Tree Senecio from Tropical Africa. The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 32: 140 - 142." type="journal article" year="1894">Baker 1894: 140</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB43022FF54431AFE409205" author="Mabberley, D. J." box="[136,399,1882,1907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="81 - 102" refId="ref2889" refString="Mabberley, D. J. (1986) Adaptive syndromes of the afroalpine species of Dendrosenecio. In: Vuilleumier, F. &amp; Monasterio, M. (Eds.) High Altitude Tropical Biogeography. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 81 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1986">Mabberley (1986: 100)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from both the lower and upper alpine zone of Mount
<collectingCountry id="3EF2763AFFB43022FC22431AFB889205" box="[1022,1095,1882,1907]" name="Kenya" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="3EF2763AFFB43022FB84431AFB689205" box="[1112,1191,1882,1907]" name="Kenya" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Kenya</collectingCountry>
). The striking terminal racemiform synflorescence with large triangular-ovate bracts are pretty similar. The architecture of the capitulum is also similar, with a few subulate supplementary bracts almost as long as the involucral bracts and long yellow ray florets. The basal and lower cauline leaves of
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FD534386FCD692A9" authorityName="Mabberley" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[655,793,1990,2015]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dendrosenecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keniensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FD534386FCD692A9" box="[655,793,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">D. keniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tend otherwise to be persistent at the flowering time, they are larger than in
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FE8B43AAFE329D75" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[343,509,2026,2051]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FE8B43AAFE329D75" box="[343,509,2026,2051]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">S. sangayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and have a thick, whitish, lanate indumentum beneath. Unlike
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB43022FB0643AAFF209D51" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FB0643AAFA4D9D75" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[1242,1410,2026,2051]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">S. sangayensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB43022FA4C43AAFF209D51" authorityName="Mabberley" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dendrosenecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keniensis">D. keniensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
produces lateral branches near ground-level capable of rooting.
</paragraph>
<caption id="129A6622FFB73021FF5443E1FB819288" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13666442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13666442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13666442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" startId="2.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[203,1385,187,1926]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB73021FF5443E1FB819288" blockId="2.[136,1451,1953,2046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB73021FF5443E1FE1592C0" bold="true" box="[136,474,1953,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
FIGURE 1.
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB73021FED043E1FE1592C0" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[268,474,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB73021FED043E1FE1592C0" bold="true" box="[268,474,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Senecio sangayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. A. Radiate capitulum. B. Involucre. C. Part of the racemiform synflorescence and detail of the synflorescence bracts. D. Cauline leaves. E. Detail of young rosette leaves with mucilage. F. Rosette. AD, F: plant photographed near laguna Culebrillas, Cañar (J. Calvo, not collected). E: plant from the type locality (D.L.A. Vásquez).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="129A6622FFB63020FF5442FCFA5393A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13666446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13666446" box="[136,1436,1723,1745]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13666446/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" startId="3.[136,229,1724,1745]" targetBox="[151,1435,190,1699]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB63020FF5442FCFA5393A7" blockId="3.[136,1436,1723,1745]" box="[136,1436,1723,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FF5442FCFE0193A6" bold="true" box="[136,462,1723,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
FIGURE 2.
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB63020FEDF42FBFE0193A6" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[259,462,1723,1744]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FEDF42FBFE0193A6" bold="true" box="[259,462,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Senecio sangayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. A. Habit. B. Distribution map (▲). C. Habitat. Population near laguna Culebrillas, Cañar (J. Calvo).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB63020FF614341FDA99D60" blockId="3.[136,1452,1793,2070]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
Another singular trait of
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB63020FE054341FDB1926C" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[473,638,1793,1818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FE054341FDB1926C" box="[473,638,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">S. sangayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is that the young rosette secretes a mucilaginous substance as recorded in the Andean species
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB63020FE4C4365FD119248" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[400,734,1829,1854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Valeriana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plantaginea">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FE4C4365FD419248" box="[400,654,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Valeriana plantaginea</emphasis>
Kunth
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB63020FCD44365FB9E9248" author="Humboldt, F. W. H. A. &amp; Bonpland, A. J. A. &amp; Kunth, K. S." box="[776,1105,1829,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="289 - 384" refId="ref2735" refString="Humboldt, F. W. H. A., Bonpland, A. J. A. &amp; Kunth, K. S. (1819) Nova genera et species plantarum, vol. 3, part 12 (ed. quart.). Librariae Graeco-Latino-Germanicae, Lutetiae Parisiorum, pp. 289 - 384." type="book chapter" year="1819">
Humboldt
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FC584365FC0F9248" box="[900,960,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
(1819: 329)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB63020FB534365FD5D9214" authority="(Lamarck 1786: 316) Cuatrecasas (1961: 22)" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1961" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityPageNumber="316" baseAuthorityYear="1786" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oritrophium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruvianum">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FB534365FA639248" box="[1167,1452,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Oritrophium peruvianum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB63020FF534309FEBA9214" author="Lamarck, J. B. A. P. M." box="[143,373,1865,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref2827" refString="Lamarck, J. B. A. P. M. (1786) Encyclopedie Methodique, Botanique, vol. 2 (1). Chez Panckoucke, Paris; Chez Plomteux, Liege, pp. 1 - 400." type="book chapter" year="1786">Lamarck 1786: 316</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB63020FE5B4309FD5D9214" author="Cuatrecasas, J." box="[391,658,1865,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="21 - 32" refId="ref2533" refString="Cuatrecasas, J. (1961) Notas sobre Astereas Andinas. Ciencia; revista Hispano Americana de ciencias puras y aplicadas 21: 21 - 32." type="journal article" year="1961">Cuatrecasas (1961: 22)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and in some Afro-alpine giant rosette plants, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB63020FB024309FA6A9214" box="[1246,1445,1865,1890]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Lobelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keniensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FB024309FA6A9214" box="[1246,1445,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Lobelia keniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB63020FF54432DFEAF92F0" box="[136,352,1901,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Lobelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aberdarica">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FF54432DFEAF92F0" box="[136,352,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Lobelia aberdarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB63020FEB3432DFE3692F0" box="[367,505,1901,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Lobelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keniensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FEB3432DFE3692F0" box="[367,505,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">D. keniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB63020FDDB432DFC8D92F0" author="Young, T. P. &amp; van Orden Robe, S." box="[519,834,1901,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="267 - 269" refId="ref3226" refString="Young, T. P. &amp; van Orden Robe, S. (1986) Microenvironmental role of a secreted aqueous solution in the Afro-Alpine plant Lobelia keniensis. Biotropica 18: 267 - 269." type="journal article" year="1986">Young &amp; Orden Robe 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB63020FC91432DFBC592F0" author="Beck, E. &amp; Senser, M. &amp; Scheibe, R. &amp; Steiger, H. - M. &amp; Pongratz, P." box="[845,1034,1901,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="215 - 222" refId="ref2214" refString="Beck, E., Senser, M., Scheibe, R., Steiger, H. - M. &amp; Pongratz, P. (1982) Frost avoidance and freezing tolerance in Afroalpine ' giant rosette' plants. Plant, Cell &amp; Environment 5: 215 - 222." type="journal article" year="1982">
Beck
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FC52432DFC0892F0" box="[910,967,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
1982
</bibRefCitation>
). This mucilage was suggested to act as a thermal buffer that protects plant organs from freezing temperatures. Thermal buffering requires the avoidance of intense supercooling. This is assured by the polysaccharide content of the mucilage that allows nucleation already upon slight supercooling (
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB63020FE754399FDE89284" author="Beck, E." box="[425,551,2009,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="87 - 88" refId="ref2153" refString="Beck, E. (1994) Cold tolerance in tropical alpine plants. In: Rundel, P. W., Smith, A. P. &amp; Meinzer, F. C. (Eds.) Tropical Alpine Environments, Plant form and function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 87 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1994">Beck 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Further studies should be carried out to understand the significance and the role that this substance plays in
<taxonomicName id="81E54D29FFB63020FE6743BDFD919D60" authorityName="D. L. A. Vasquez &amp; J. Calvo" authorityYear="2016" box="[443,606,2045,2070]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sangayensis">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB63020FE6743BDFD919D60" box="[443,606,2045,2070]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">S. sangayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="465A36AAFFB13027FF6144E0FD08941B" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="7491EAB8FFB13027FF6144E0FE7C95CF" bold="true" box="[189,435,160,185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—This species is known from a restricted geographic area in the southern part of the Sangay National Park belonging to
<collectingRegion id="8421F848FFB13027FE634484FD8695AB" box="[447,585,196,221]" country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Chimborazo</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="8421F848FFB13027FD5C4484FD0C95AB" box="[640,707,196,221]" country="Ecuador" name="Canar" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Cañar</collectingRegion>
Provinces (
<collectingCountry id="3EF2763AFFB13027FC944484FC6395AB" box="[840,940,196,221]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
). The size of the populations varied from 5 to 100 individuals and consisted mainly of adult individuals (flowering and senescent). Several communities are found in their vicinity (e.g. Atillo, Ozogoche, Achupallas, Pillcopata). The páramo where the species occurs is used for cattle grazing and potato cultivation. Based on this, the species is assigned a preliminary conservation status of Endangered (EN) using the IUCN red list criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="22744B5BFFB13027FDED4514FD75941B" author="IUCN &amp; Cambridge, UK" box="[561,698,340,365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" refId="ref2795" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; Cambridge, UK." type="book" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>