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<document id="F13E042510004FEB7CA3D74A060E1D41" ID-CLB-Dataset="302036" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.641.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74efadac-3e57-4ceb-8b58-a14a9547cb66" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213968" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1722601958695" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Eker, İsmail &amp; Sağiroğlu, Mehmet" docDate="2024" docId="AC0BFC69FF8DFFA5A28B44FFFF14BD2E" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.641.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 641 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.641.3.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Gladiolus adanus Eker &amp; Sagiroglu, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="50328411FF8CFFA0A203476BFC53B533" masterDocTitle="Gladiolus adanus (Iridaceae, Crocoideae), a new species from Türkiye" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="210" pageNumber="211" updateTime="1725290802905" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="E8F0CB952F2C00D99E19F0D0C2FBEC2F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="50031652CA6CD46AD597DBB2FCFD4260">
<mods:title id="9448176A3ABFCA3F442325316DAA6A1A">Gladiolus adanus (Iridaceae, Crocoideae), a new species from Türkiye</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="79307440413646182D70D3369C1BDD68" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B0DF148FDD4CFFEB4576A9730F695080">
<mods:roleTerm id="01CD39F81CF27EC7C098670B57EC13FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2B6F2C6BB17C5C6EBEE385C4DDABC18C">Eker, İsmail</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CAAC5A046D25A2D45D5768F2FEBB2CB1" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7631-823X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="15214247ECE0CFE9725AB79CEC7540DD">Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Science &amp; Literature, Department of Biology, 14280, Bolu, Türkiye.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6079E5C19AA06F56BCB1D294E2B6CCF6" type="email">tuliphunter@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="114EBC73E454C51D16A2F47CC8A03BF4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BB6C669BFC34B743112B8EEF068EE14F">
<mods:roleTerm id="F36064C0B730FFEA3565E54A611ECF55">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8FA1250B2695B48C0C72BAD6F5A024A7">Sağiroğlu, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DDDC9D515A2F5A40F8AE273C083E5D67" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8654-3361</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9F0E7A6F508E1228DCE5498D309F7BEB">Sakarya University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 54187, Sakarya, Türkiye.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="738EA6BA7B27E48888C99F5495F9CBF7" type="email">msagiroglu@sakarya.edu.tr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="BE258ABC647AD416E4033A6957BC9AC9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1B2DCCC9D761BD8C15B10C249E625B1F">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9FAAB9A2A2D83BBFB8C05DEF3C52CCFE">
<mods:date id="C099B0AA1BC9F570E0836984DC368432">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E9E54DB2EE879604A366E1C8A48B015B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A98E496FB53BF89452A3076DC2A978C0">2024-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CF1B21C456676F5D09E11D09E1585958" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7CBAD8727F4A44A74F2C6EA74202D382">641</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="17D14FCB52AB17608B07142B482EBA35" type="issue">
<mods:number id="3D10663924EA10C17ADC82EECB4BE8AC">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D5ED2DDE2D76B1F728A7847955BBDE61">210</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="B5E3433189D9F679523E5C78B7982530">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.641.3.3</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="19BAA7073F934E9054D50F0C324CEC6E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B1D5781A16278C755B7D2B96A6F7F9DF" type="CLB-Dataset">302036</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A6DC63327C30918D0D1836FDF68D52D4" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.641.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC0BFC69FF8DFFA5A28B44FFFF14BD2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13628892" ID-GBIF-Taxon="240048477" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13628892" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC0BFC69FF8DFFA5A28B44FFFF14BD2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC0BFC69FF8DFFA5A28B44FFFF14BD2E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF8DFFA1A28B44FFFF57B69D" box="[136,772,916,943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF8DFFA1A28B44FFFF57B69D" blockId="1.[136,772,916,943]" box="[136,772,916,943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<heading id="7F55FA13FF8DFFA1A28B44FFFF57B69D" box="[136,772,916,943]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8DFFA1A28B44FFFE73B69D" authority="Eker &amp; Sagiroglu" authorityName="Eker &amp; Sagiroglu" box="[136,544,916,943]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A28B44FFFD00B69C" bold="true" box="[136,339,916,943]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Gladiolus adanus</emphasis>
Eker &amp; Sağıroğlu
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A02444FEFE2FB69D" box="[551,636,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DE52C16FF8DFFA1A02444FEFE2FB69D" box="[551,636,917,942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="BC9951FAFF8DFFA1A08944FFFEA5B69D" box="[650,758,916,942]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,229,1106,1128]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1414,187,1926]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1302,190,1905]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,190,1082]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@2.[173,1414,187,1926]" captionTargetId-1="figure-29@3.[162,1426,190,1929]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@4.[151,1435,190,1082]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Morphological features of closely related species; a–e: G. adanus habit, inflorescence and infructescence respectively; f–g: G. kotschyanus inflorescence, h–i: G. alanyensis inflorescence (photographed by İ. Eker)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Gladiolus adanus; A: habit (1. lower part, 2. upper part), B: contractile root, C: dissected perianth parts, D: stamen, E: style and stigma, F: capsule, G: seed (illustrated by M. Sağıroğlu)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. LM and SEM images of seeds of closely related species; a–c: G. adanus, d–f: G. kotschyanus, g–i: G. alanyensis (a, d, g are LM images; the others are SEM images)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213972" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213976" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213980" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13213972/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13213976/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13213980/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF8DFFA1A28B44B7F85BB009" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF8DFFA1A28B44B7F85BB009" blockId="1.[136,1452,988,2059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8DFFA1A28B44B7FD03B6C5" box="[136,336,988,1014]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A28B44B7FD03B6C5" box="[136,336,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Gladiolus adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is partly similar to
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8DFFA1A03744B7FE9DB6C5" box="[564,718,988,1014]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A03744B7FE9DB6C5" box="[564,718,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8DFFA1A10B44B7FFE6B6C5" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" box="[776,949,988,1014]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A10B44B7FFE6B6C5" box="[776,949,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">G. kotschyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its leaf and flower characteristics, but is easily distinguished from both species by its seed width (
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A0F5436BFF01B128" box="[758,850,1024,1051]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A178436BF841B129" box="[891,1042,1024,1051]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.85" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="2.025" valueMax="2.85" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.85 mm</quantity>
), seed shape (tetragonal to hexagonal globose-obovoid vs. oblong-obovoid or ovoid-tetraquetrous), seed ornamentation (rugose-reticulate vs. colliculate or reticulate-foveate or reticulate-celluculate) and whether the seed has wings (winged vs. unwinged) and filament length (
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A2934307FD59B1B4" box="[144,266,1132,1159]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A33B4307FDE6B1B5" box="[312,437,1132,1158]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">14–17 mm</quantity>
). It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8DFFA1A0A24307FF6AB1B5" box="[673,825,1132,1158]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A0A24307FF6AB1B5" box="[673,825,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its lilac-purple perigone (not magenta pink), posture of tubes (distinctly curved vs. straight), number of flowers in the spike (4–6-flowered vs. 1–4-flowered), leaf number and wideness (2–3 and
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A38C43DFFDBFB1FC" box="[399,492,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 mm</quantity>
vs. 3 and
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A05C43DFFE93B1FD" box="[607,704,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
), length of upper median segment (
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A64843DFF896B1FC" box="[1099,1221,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="31.0">31–34 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A6F043DFF923B1FD" box="[1267,1392,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="22.0">22–24 mm</quantity>
), and posterior length of tube (
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A3A043B3FE4EB1C0" box="[419,541,1240,1267]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A04E43B3FE9FB1C1" box="[589,716,1240,1266]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 mm</quantity>
). It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8DFFA1A1BD43B3F838B1C1" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" box="[958,1131,1240,1266]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A1BD43B3F838B1C1" box="[958,1131,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">G. kotschyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its leaves near the upper cataphyll (vs. away from the upper cataphyll), lax spike (vs. dense), size of upper median segment (31–34 ×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A7374397F9FFB024" box="[1332,1452,1276,1303]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
vs. 25–28 ×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A310424BFDC3B009" box="[275,400,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">14–18 mm</quantity>
), and posterior length of tube (
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A0E4424BFF33B008" box="[743,864,1312,1339]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A18D424BFFAFB009" box="[910,1020,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF8DFFA1A2BE422FFDA4B0DD" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF8DFFA1A2BE422FF947B0B1" blockId="1.[136,1452,988,2059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A2BE422FFD52B06D" bold="true" box="[189,257,1348,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Type:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="94CA4722FF8DFFA1A31D422EFFB9B0B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4927528302" collectingDate="2018-05-09" collectorName="I. Eker" country="Turkey" county="Tufanbeyli" elevation="1436" location="Kucuk Gezbeli Pass" municipality="Guzelim Village" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Adana" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="5CB50DEFFF8DFFA1A31D422EFDCFB053" box="[286,412,1349,1376]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">TÜRKİYE</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="E666839DFF8DFFA1A3A5422FFDA7B06D" box="[422,500,1348,1374]" country="Turkey" name="Adana" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Adana</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="CD7C35F3FF8DFFA1A3FD422FFE28B06D" box="[510,635,1348,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Tufanbeyli</collectingCounty>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="C479D705FF8DFFA1A0BC422FFF28B06D" box="[703,891,1348,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Güzelim Village</collectingMunicipality>
, around
<location id="217D1BA4FF8DFFA1A1DE422FF891B06C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC0BFC69FF8DFFA5A28B44FFFF14BD2E:217D1BA4FF8DFFA1A1DE422FF891B06C" box="[989,1218,1348,1375]" country="Turkey" county="Tufanbeyli" municipality="Guzelim Village" name="Kucuk Gezbeli Pass" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" stateProvince="Adana">Küçük Gezbeli Pass</location>
, creek banks in pine forest clearings,
<elevation id="AF8FAA4CFF8DFFA1A3414203FD80B0B1" box="[322,467,1384,1411]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.436" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="1436.0">
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A3414203FDC4B0B0" box="[322,407,1384,1411]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.436" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="1436.0">1436 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="501C6BBFFF8DFFA1A3E34203FE2BB0B1" box="[480,632,1384,1411]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" value="2018-05-09">
<collectingDate id="40589257FF8DFFA1A3E34203FE2BB0B1" box="[480,632,1384,1411]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" value="2018-05-09">09 May 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A0804202FF4FB0B1" box="[643,796,1384,1412]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<collectorName id="895728A9FF8DFFA1A0804202FE9CB0B1" box="[643,719,1384,1412]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">İ. Eker</collectorName>
12588
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="FB19F3DDFF8DFFA1A1284203FFDCB0B1" box="[811,911,1384,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
AIBU!;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="94CA4722FF8DFFA1A1F24203F95CB0B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4927528303" box="[1009,1295,1384,1410]" collectingDate="2018-05-09" collectorName="I. Eker" country="Turkey" county="Tufanbeyli" elevation="1436" location="Kucuk Gezbeli Pass" municipality="Guzelim Village" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Adana" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="FB19F3DDFF8DFFA1A1F24203F81EB0B1" box="[1009,1101,1384,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
AIBU!, SAKU!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF8DFFA1A2BE42E7FDA4B0DD" blockId="1.[136,1452,988,2059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<materialsCitation id="94CA4722FF8DFFA1A2BE42E7F87AB0F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4927528304" collectingDate="2016-06-29" collectorName="I. Eker" country="Turkey" county="Tufanbeyli" elevation="1436" location="Kucuk Gezbeli Pass" municipality="Guzelim Village" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Adana" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A2BE42E7FD6CB095" bold="true" box="[189,319,1420,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<typeStatus id="FB19F3DDFF8DFFA1A2BE42E7FD6AB095" box="[189,313,1420,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="5CB50DEFFF8DFFA1A35F42E6FD89B09B" box="[348,474,1421,1448]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">TÜRKİYE</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="E666839DFF8DFFA1A3E142E7FE63B095" box="[482,560,1420,1446]" country="Turkey" name="Adana" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Adana</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="CD7C35F3FF8DFFA1A03942E7FEE4B095" box="[570,695,1420,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Tufanbeyli</collectingCounty>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="C479D705FF8DFFA1A0F842E7FFE5B095" box="[763,950,1420,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Güzelim Village</collectingMunicipality>
, around
<location id="217D1BA4FF8DFFA1A61442E7F8AFB094" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC0BFC69FF8DFFA5A28B44FFFF14BD2E:217D1BA4FF8DFFA1A61442E7F8AFB094" box="[1047,1276,1420,1447]" country="Turkey" county="Tufanbeyli" municipality="Guzelim Village" name="Kucuk Gezbeli Pass" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" stateProvince="Adana">Küçük Gezbeli Pass</location>
, creek banks in pine forest clearings,
<elevation id="AF8FAA4CFF8DFFA1A37942DBFE5FB0F9" box="[378,524,1456,1483]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.436" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="1436.0">
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A37942DBFD9CB0F8" box="[378,463,1456,1483]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.436" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="1436.0">1436 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="501C6BBFFF8DFFA1A01A42DBFEE1B0F9" box="[537,690,1456,1483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" value="2016-06-29">
<collectingDate id="40589257FF8DFFA1A01A42DBFEE1B0F9" box="[537,690,1456,1483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" value="2016-06-29">29 June 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A0BE42DAFF04B0F9" box="[701,855,1456,1484]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<collectorName id="895728A9FF8DFFA1A0BE42DAFF5AB0F9" box="[701,777,1456,1484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">İ. Eker</collectorName>
10378
</emphasis>
(in fruit) (AIBU!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="94CA4722FF8DFFA1A63642DBFDA0B0DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4927528301" collectingDate="2023-07-11" collectorName="I. Eker" country="Turkey" county="Tufanbeyli" elevation="1428" location="Kucuk Gezbeli Pass" municipality="Guzelim Village" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Adana" typeStatus="paratype">
ibid.,
<elevation id="AF8FAA4CFF8DFFA1A67642DBF954B0F9" box="[1141,1287,1456,1483]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.428" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="1428.0">
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A67642DBF898B0F8" box="[1141,1227,1456,1483]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.428" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="1428.0">1428 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="501C6BBFFF8DFFA1A71742DBF9F4B0F9" box="[1300,1447,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" value="2023-07-11">
<collectingDate id="40589257FF8DFFA1A71742DBF9F4B0F9" box="[1300,1447,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" value="2023-07-11">11 July 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A28B42BEFD72B0DD" box="[136,289,1492,1520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<collectorName id="895728A9FF8DFFA1A28B42BEFC87B0DD" box="[136,212,1492,1520]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">İ. Eker</collectorName>
13441
</emphasis>
(in fruit) (AIBU!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF8DFFA1A2BE4293FE1ABD39" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" type="description">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF8DFFA1A2BE4293FE1ABD39" blockId="1.[136,1452,988,2059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8DFFA1A2BE4293FD02B321" bold="true" box="[189,337,1528,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Description:</emphasis>
—Perennial, glabrous herb. Corm ovoid, 1–2 ×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A1724293FFA0B320" box="[881,1011,1528,1555]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.3 cm</quantity>
, 1–2 piece contractile roots sometimes continue during the mature stage; tunics 3-layered, membranous with parellel fibres. Stem
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A6864177F8A6B304" box="[1157,1269,1564,1591]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 cm</quantity>
long, erect,
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A7824177FCE7B368" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
diameter at base. Cataphylls 2, papery, lilac-yellow, acute. Leaves 2–3, linear-lanceolate,
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A6BC412BF970B368" box="[1215,1315,1600,1627]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">9–15 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A746412BF9F4B368" box="[1349,1447,1600,1627]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 mm</quantity>
, acute, venation irregularly spaced, 6–8-nerved, the lower leaf close to the upper cataphyll, the upper leaf reaches the spike. Bracts lanceolate, lilac, membranous at margin and
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A12A41E3FF3EB390" box="[809,877,1672,1699]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide; outer bracts
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A64E41E3F8F0B390" box="[1101,1187,1672,1699]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A6C541E3F974B390" box="[1222,1319,1672,1699]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
, inner ones
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A28B41C7FD55B3F4" box="[136,262,1708,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="cm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.8 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A32541C7FDD5B3F4" box="[294,390,1708,1735]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
, papery. Inflorescence 4–6-flowered, lax, spike secund, straight,
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A66041C7F8E4B3F4" box="[1123,1207,1708,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 cm</quantity>
long. Perigone upper segments lilac-purple, lower lateral segments with fusiform white blotch; tubes distinctly curved, posterior
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A73741BBF9FFB3D8" box="[1332,1452,1744,1771]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 mm</quantity>
long, anterior
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A325419FFDCDB23C" box="[294,414,1780,1807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 mm</quantity>
long; upper segments
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A098419FFEABB23C" box="[667,760,1780,1807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
long clawed, upper median segment broadly spatulate, 31–34 ×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A29D4073FD44B200" box="[158,279,1816,1843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
, obtuse; upper lateral segments spatulate 27–30 ×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A1414073FFFEB200" box="[834,941,1816,1843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
, acute. Lower segments
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A6BF4073F944B200" box="[1212,1303,1816,1843]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
long clawed; lower median segment spatulate, 29–31 ×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A0624057FE9FB264" box="[609,716,1852,1879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
, acute; lower lateral segments spatulate 27–29 ×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A6F24057F903B264" box="[1265,1360,1852,1879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
, obtuse. Filaments
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A2FD400BFD24B248" box="[254,375,1888,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 mm</quantity>
long, adnate to perigone tube, filiform, widened at the base; anthers shorter than filaments,
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A782400BFCE7B2AC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
long, yellow, basifixed included. Ovary 3-locular; style lilac,
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A17140EFFFB8B2AC" box="[882,1003,1924,1951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="32.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="31.0">31–33 mm</quantity>
long; stigma 3 equal branches widened at the tips, lilac, branches
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A3B140C3FE43B2F0" box="[434,528,1960,1987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
long. Fruit a 3-loculicidal capsule, obovoid, 10–13 ×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A67440C3F884B2F0" box="[1143,1239,1960,1987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
, 10–12-seeded per loculus but 3–4 of them are maturing; seeds tetragonal to hexagonal globose-obovoid, 3–4.3 ×
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A6C440A7F97BB2D4" box="[1223,1320,1996,2023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
, yellowishbrown, winged, wing
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF8DFFA1A37E409BFE57BD38" box="[381,516,2032,2059]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.2 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="70DD1DF7FF8EFFA2A28B40CAFFB4B2E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213972/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="212" startId="2.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[173,1414,187,1926]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF8EFFA2A28B40CAFFB4B2E8" blockId="2.[136,1452,1953,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8EFFA2A28B40CAFCACB285" bold="true" box="[136,255,1953,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="212">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological features of closely related species; a–e:
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8EFFA2A11840CAFF2DB285" box="[795,894,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8EFFA2A11840CAFF2DB285" box="[795,894,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="212">G. adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
habit, inflorescence and infructescence respectively; f–g:
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8EFFA2A28B40AEFD49B2E9" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" box="[136,282,1989,2010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8EFFA2A28B40AEFD49B2E9" box="[136,282,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="212">G. kotschyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inflorescence, h–i:
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8EFFA2A3DB40AEFE09B2E9" box="[472,602,1989,2010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8EFFA2A3DB40AEFE09B2E9" box="[472,602,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="212">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inflorescence (photographed by İ. Eker).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="70DD1DF7FF8FFFA3A28B40CAFE80B2E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213976" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213976/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" startId="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[162,1302,190,1905]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF8FFFA3A28B40CAFE80B2E8" blockId="3.[136,1451,1953,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8FFFA3A28B40CAFCADB285" bold="true" box="[136,254,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF8FFFA3A30740CAFDFDB285" box="[260,430,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF8FFFA3A30740CAFDFDB285" box="[260,430,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">Gladiolus adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; A: habit (1. lower part, 2. upper part), B: contractile root, C: dissected perianth parts, D: stamen, E: style and stigma, F: capsule, G: seed (illustrated by M. Sağıroğlu).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="70DD1DF7FF88FFA4A28B4339FE47B1BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213980/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" startId="4.[136,229,1106,1128]" targetBox="[151,1435,190,1082]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF88FFA4A28B4339FE47B1BE" blockId="4.[136,1451,1106,1165]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A28B4339FCADB154" bold="true" box="[136,254,1106,1128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
LM and SEM images of seeds of closely related species; a–c:
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A1544338FFEAB15B" box="[855,953,1107,1128]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A1544338FFEAB15B" box="[855,953,1107,1128]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">G. adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, d–f:
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A1F14338F8DFB15B" box="[1010,1164,1107,1128]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A1F14338F8DBB15B" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" box="[1010,1160,1107,1128]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">G. kotschyanus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
g–i:
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A6BE4338F96CB15B" box="[1213,1343,1107,1128]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A6BE4338F96CB15B" box="[1213,1343,1107,1128]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a, d, g are LM images; the others are SEM images).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF88FFA4A2BE43D0F8C2B0BA" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF88FFA4A2BE43D0F8C2B0BA" blockId="4.[136,1452,1211,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A2BE43D0FD10B1E6" bold="true" box="[189,323,1211,1237]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Members of
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A3F743D0FE39B1E6" box="[500,618,1211,1237]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A3F743D0FE39B1E6" box="[500,618,1211,1237]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">G. adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spend the autumn and winter in dormancy. When favourable ecological conditions occur, they grow their leaves, scapes and first buds in April, respectively. Flowering and the anthers becoming visible begins in the first week of May. It goes into fruiting after last week of May, and the fruit fully ripens in end of June to July. The opening of the ripened fruit and the dispersal of the seeds continue until the end of July. At the end of the vegetation cycle, the entire plant ages and appears light brown. While the above-ground parts decay, the cormels produced by the mother corm underground maintain their vitality and development.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF88FFA4A2BE42F8FF17B0E2" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF88FFA4A2BE42F8FF17B0E2" blockId="4.[136,1452,1211,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A2BE42F8FD1BB09E" bold="true" box="[189,328,1427,1453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet of the new species is derived from the mythological name of the province of
<collectingRegion id="E666839DFF88FFA4A28B42DCFC87B0E2" box="[136,212,1463,1489]" country="Turkey" name="Adana" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Adana</collectingRegion>
, “
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A2EF42DCFD13B0E2" box="[236,320,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Adanus</emphasis>
”, where the new species was first discovered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF88FFA4A2BE42B0F8B5B32A" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF88FFA4A2BE42B0F8B5B32A" blockId="4.[136,1452,1211,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A2BE42B0FED7B0C6" bold="true" box="[189,644,1499,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">The Turkish name for the new species:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A0A342B0FF5DB0C6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[672,782,1499,1525]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A0A342B0FF5DB0C6" box="[672,782,1499,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Gladiolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is called “
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A18142B0FF8FB0C6" box="[898,988,1499,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Kılıçotu</emphasis>
” in Turkish. The authors propose “
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A76142B0FCB1B32A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">
<collectingRegion id="E666839DFF88FFA4A76142B0F9F8B0C6" box="[1378,1451,1499,1525]" country="Turkey" name="Adana" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Adana</collectingRegion>
Kılıçotu
</emphasis>
” as a vernacular name for
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A0134294FED0B32A" box="[528,643,1535,1561]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A0134294FED0B32A" box="[528,643,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">G. adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to the guidelines of
<bibRefCitation id="4033308EFF88FFA4A1DD4294F8B1B32A" author="Menemen, Y. &amp; Aytac, Z. &amp; Kandemir, A." box="[990,1250,1535,1561]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref4577" refString="Menemen, Y., Aytac, Z. &amp; Kandemir, A. (2016) Turkce Bilimsel Bitki Adlandirma Yonergesi. Bagbahce Bilim Dergisi 3: 1 - 3. [in Turkish]" type="journal article" year="2016">
Menemen
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A656416BF8DEB32A" box="[1109,1165,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF88FFA4A2BE4148F850B3FE" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF88FFA4A2BE4148F850B3FE" blockId="4.[136,1452,1211,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A2BE4148FDBFB30E" bold="true" box="[189,492,1571,1597]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A00B4148FE83B30E" box="[520,720,1571,1597]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A00B4148FE83B30E" box="[520,720,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Gladiolus adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from a very limited area around Güzelim Village in Tufanbeyli district of
<collectingRegion id="E666839DFF88FFA4A3A4412CFE0CB352" box="[423,607,1607,1633]" country="Turkey" name="Adana" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Adana Province</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="BC9951FAFF88FFA4A071412CFEE8B352" box="[626,699,1607,1633]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,628,650]" captionTargetBox="[349,1232,198,592]" captionTargetId="figure-29@5.[340,1247,190,603]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Gladiolus adanus (red star), G. kotschyanus (green squares) and G. alanyensis (purple circles) in Türkiye." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213982/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). This area and its surroundings are very interesting in terms of diversity, being very rich in local endemics such as
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A0DA4100F96CB3B5" authority="Demirci &amp; Kaya (2014: 546)" authorityName="Demirci &amp; Kaya" authorityPageNumber="546" authorityYear="2014" box="[729,1343,1643,1670]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Ornithogalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanense">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A0DA4100FFB9B3B6" box="[729,1002,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Ornithogalum adanense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4033308EFF88FFA4A1F04100F96CB3B5" author="Demirci, S. &amp; Ozhatay, N. &amp; Gurdal, B. &amp; Kaya, E." box="[1011,1343,1643,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" pagination="543 - 552" refId="ref4142" refString="Demirci, S., Ozhatay, N., Gurdal, B. &amp; Kaya, E. (2014) Turkiye geofit florasina katkilar (Contributions to the Turkish geophyte flora). In: Kaya, E. (Ed.) Turkiye Geofitleri 3. Furkan Ofset, Yalova, pp. 543 - 552." type="book chapter" year="2014">Demirci &amp; Kaya (2014: 546)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A74D4107FDB9B39A" authority="Eker (2019: 102)" authorityName="Eker" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Muscari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fatmacereniae">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A74D4107FD74B39A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Muscari fatmacereniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4033308EFF88FFA4A33341E4FDB9B39A" author="Eker, I." box="[304,490,1679,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" pagination="99 - 106" refId="ref4202" refString="Eker, I. (2019) Muscari fatmacereniae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from southern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 397: 99 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 397.1.10" type="journal article" year="2019">Eker (2019:102)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A02741FBF84DB39A" authority="Kit Tan (1988: 26)" authorityName="Kit Tan" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1988" box="[548,1054,1679,1705]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Muscari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macbeathianum">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A02741FBFF6EB39A" box="[548,829,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Muscari macbeathianum</emphasis>
Kit
<bibRefCitation id="4033308EFF88FFA4A17241E4F84DB39A" author="Tan, K." box="[881,1054,1679,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" pagination="25 - 28" refId="ref4961" refString="Tan, K. (1988) A new Muscari (Liliaceae) from Turkey. Herbertia 44: 25 - 28." type="journal article" year="1988">Tan (1988: 26)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A62941E4F8A0B39A" box="[1066,1267,1679,1705]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A62941E4F8A0B39A" box="[1066,1267,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Gladiolus adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on moist fine sand on creek banks in pine forest clearings at an altitude of
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF88FFA4A16241D8FFACB3FE" box="[865,1023,1715,1741]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="1.44" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="1425.0" valueMax="1440.0" valueMin="1410.0">1410–1440 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF88FFA4A2BE41BCF885B2DE" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF88FFA4A2BE41BCF885B2DE" blockId="4.[136,1452,1211,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A2BE41BCFE03B3C2" bold="true" box="[189,592,1751,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Species conservation assessment:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A06841BCFF65B3C2" box="[619,822,1751,1777]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A06841BCFF65B3C2" box="[619,822,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">Gladiolus adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found at a single locality. Less than 200 mature individuals were observed at the
<typeStatus id="FB19F3DDFF88FFA4A3FD4190FE7DB226" box="[510,558,1787,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">type</typeStatus>
locality. Area of occupancy (AOO) of the species covers less than
<quantity id="E35AE09AFF88FFA4A72A4190F930B226" box="[1321,1379,1787,1813]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
<superScript id="D3D7E037FF88FFA4A7604190F938B23A" attach="left" box="[1379,1387,1787,1801]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">2</superScript>
. This area is close to village settlements. The region is under pressure from grazing and agricultural activities. In addition, in the last eight years, with the effect of global climate change, water and moisture loss was observed in the region due to drought. As a result, it is predicted that the quality of the habitat for
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF88FFA4A1A4400CF849B2B2" box="[935,1050,1895,1921]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF88FFA4A1A4400CF849B2B2" box="[935,1050,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="214">G. adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will deteriorate in the future due to human-oriented activities and the pressure of global warming. Therefore, based on the IUCN criteria, we assess the species as “Critically Endangered (CR)” (Criterion B2ab[ii iii, v]) due to its distribution restricted to a single locality and the predicted decline in AOO, habitat quality and number of mature individuals (
<bibRefCitation id="4033308EFF88FFA4A64340B8F899B2DE" author="IUCN" box="[1088,1226,2003,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="214" refId="ref4469" refString="IUCN (2022) Red List Guidance Documents - IUCN standards and petitions subcommittee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed: 4 January 2024)." type="url" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="70DD1DF7FF89FFA5A28B451FFC88B79D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213982/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" startId="5.[136,229,628,650]" targetBox="[349,1232,198,592]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF89FFA5A28B451FFC88B79D" blockId="5.[136,1452,628,686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A28B451FFD52B7BA" bold="true" box="[136,257,628,650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A3DA451FFED4B7BA" box="[473,647,628,649]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A3DA451FFED4B7BA" box="[473,647,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Gladiolus adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red star),
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A0FF451FFFC1B7BA" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" box="[764,914,628,649]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A0FF451FFFC1B7BA" box="[764,914,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. kotschyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(green squares) and
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A66A451FF8BCB7BA" box="[1129,1263,628,649]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A66A451FF8BCB7BA" box="[1129,1263,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(purple circles) in Türkiye.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6CB81EF4FF89FFA5A2BE45B7FF14BD2E" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF89FFA5A2BE45B7FDC4B699" blockId="5.[136,1452,732,938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A2BE45B7FDBFB7C5" bold="true" box="[189,492,732,758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Taxonomic relationships:</emphasis>
—At first glance,
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A0BF45B6FF62B7C5" box="[700,817,732,759]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A0BF45B6FF62B7C5" box="[700,817,732,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A1B145B6F80CB7C5" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" box="[946,1119,732,759]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A1B145B6F80CB7C5" box="[946,1119,732,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. kotschyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in habitus and
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A71245B6F9F8B7C5" box="[1297,1451,732,759]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A71245B6F9F8B7C5" box="[1297,1451,732,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its small sized form. It differs from both species by its short filaments, winged seeds, seed ornamentation, shape and size. It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A3CF444EFE37B60D" box="[460,612,804,831]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A3CF444EFE37B60D" box="[460,612,804,831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its perigon color, distinctly curved perigone tube, number of flowers in the spike, leaf number and wideness, length of upper median segment and posterior length of tube. it differs from
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A7934422FD42B6B5" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A7934422FD42B6B5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. kotschyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the leaves being close to the upper cataphyll, lax spike, size of upper median segment and posterior length of tube (
<tableCitation id="692078C4FF89FFA5A33144FBFDD5B699" box="[306,390,912,938]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,224,986,1010]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. A comparison of selected characters differing among G. adanus, G. alanyensis and G. kotschyanus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70DD1DF7FF89FFA5A28B44B1F976B6C1" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" tableUuid="70DD1DF7FF89FFA5A28B44B1F976B6C1">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="70DD1DF7FF89FFA5A28B44B1F976B6C1" ID-Table-UUID="70DD1DF7FF89FFA5A28B44B1F976B6C1" box="[136,1317,986,1011]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70DD1DF7FF89FFA5A28B44B1F976B6C1" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" startId="5.[136,224,986,1010]" targetBox="[144,1425,1029,1605]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF89FFA5A28B44B1F976B6C1" blockId="5.[136,1317,986,1011]" box="[136,1317,986,1011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A28B44B1FCA8B6C1" bold="true" box="[136,251,986,1010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
A comparison of selected characters differing among
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A13844B1FFFBB6C1" box="[827,936,986,1010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A13844B1FFFBB6C1" box="[827,936,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A1B544B1F814B6C1" box="[950,1095,986,1010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A1B544B1F814B6C1" box="[950,1095,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A67844B1F972B6C1" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" box="[1147,1313,986,1010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">G. kotschyanus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF89FFA5A293436EF958B376" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<table id="56A2BFDFFF89005FA293436EF9C2B376" box="[144,1425,1029,1605]" gridcols="4" gridrows="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA293436EF9C2B128" box="[144,1425,1029,1051]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA293436EFDB1B128" box="[144,482,1029,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A293436EFD50B128" bold="true" box="[144,259,1029,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA001436EFEBAB128" box="[514,745,1029,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A001436EFE34B128" box="[514,615,1029,1051]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A001436EFE34B128" bold="true" box="[514,615,1029,1051]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA156436EF82CB128" box="[853,1151,1029,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A156436EFFBEB128" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" box="[853,1005,1029,1051]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A156436EFFBEB128" bold="true" box="[853,1005,1029,1051]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. kotschyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA6A9436EF9C2B128" box="[1194,1425,1029,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A6A9436EF97CB128" authority="Number" authorityName="Number" box="[1194,1327,1029,1051]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A6A9436EF97CB128" bold="true" box="[1194,1327,1029,1051]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA293435AF9C2B174" box="[144,1425,1073,1095]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA293435AFDB1B174" box="[144,482,1073,1095]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Number of leaves</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA001435AFEBAB174" box="[514,745,1073,1095]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">2–3</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA156435AF82CB174" box="[853,1151,1073,1095]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">2(–3)</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A9435AF9C2B174" box="[1194,1425,1073,1095]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA2934336F9C2B140" box="[144,1425,1117,1139]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA2934336FDB1B140" box="[144,482,1117,1139]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Leaves wideness</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA0014336FEBAB140" box="[514,745,1117,1139]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">4–7 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA1564336F82CB140" box="[853,1151,1117,1139]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">4–12 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A94336F9C2B140" box="[1194,1425,1117,1139]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">1–2 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA29343E2F9C2B1AC" box="[144,1425,1161,1183]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA29343E2FDB1B1AC" box="[144,482,1161,1183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Location of lower leaves</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA00143E2FEBAB1AC" box="[514,745,1161,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">near the upper cataphyll</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA15643E2F82CB1AC" box="[853,1151,1161,1183]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">away from the upper cataphyll</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A943E2F9C2B1AC" box="[1194,1425,1161,1183]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">near the upper cataphyll</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA29343DFF9C2B1F9" box="[144,1425,1204,1226]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA29343DFFDB1B1F9" box="[144,482,1204,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Spike</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA00143DFFEBAB1F9" box="[514,745,1204,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">4–6-flowered, lax</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA15643DFF82CB1F9" box="[853,1151,1204,1226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">7–14-flowered, dense</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A943DFF9C2B1F9" box="[1194,1425,1204,1226]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">1–4-flowered, lax</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA293438BF9C2B029" box="[144,1425,1248,1306]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA293438BFDB1B029" box="[144,482,1248,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Posture of perigone colour</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA001438BFEBAB029" box="[514,745,1248,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">lilac-purple</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA156438BF82CB029" box="[853,1151,1248,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">deep violet purple, pale lilac or whitish</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A9438BF9C2B029" box="[1194,1425,1248,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">magenta pink</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA293425BF9C2B075" box="[144,1425,1328,1350]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA293425BFDB1B075" box="[144,482,1328,1350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Perigone tube</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA001425BFEBAB075" box="[514,745,1328,1350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">distinctly curved</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA156425BF82CB075" box="[853,1151,1328,1350]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">distinctly curved</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A9425BF9C2B075" box="[1194,1425,1328,1350]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">straight</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA2934237F9C2B041" box="[144,1425,1372,1394]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA2934237FDB1B041" box="[144,482,1372,1394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Posterior length of tube</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA0014237FEBAB041" box="[514,745,1372,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">11–12 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA1564237F82CB041" box="[853,1151,1372,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">8–11 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A94237F9C2B041" box="[1194,1425,1372,1394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">12–14 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA29342E3F9C2B0AD" box="[144,1425,1416,1438]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA29342E3FDB1B0AD" box="[144,482,1416,1438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Anterior length of tube</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA00142E3FEBAB0AD" box="[514,745,1416,1438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">15–16 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA15642E3F82CB0AD" box="[853,1151,1416,1438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">13–17 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A942E3F9C2B0AD" box="[1194,1425,1416,1438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">15–18 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA29342DFF9C2B0DD" box="[144,1425,1460,1518]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA29342DFFDB1B0DD" box="[144,482,1460,1518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Upper median segment of perigone</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA00142DFFEBAB0DD" box="[514,745,1460,1518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">broadly spatulate, 31–34 × 10–12 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA15642DFF82CB0DD" box="[853,1151,1460,1518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">elliptic-obovate to ovate, 25–28 × 14–18 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A942DFF9C2B0DD" box="[1194,1425,1460,1518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">broadly spatulate, 22–24 × 9–11 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA2934168F9C2B329" box="[144,1425,1539,1562]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA2934168FDB1B329" box="[144,482,1539,1562]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Filament length</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA0014168FEBAB329" box="[514,745,1539,1562]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">10–13 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA1564168F82CB329" box="[853,1151,1539,1562]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">14–16 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A94168F9C2B329" box="[1194,1425,1539,1562]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">14–17 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A924F3DFF89005FA2934144F9C2B376" box="[144,1425,1583,1605]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<th id="D9432641FF89005FA2934144FDB1B376" box="[144,482,1583,1605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Anther length</th>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA0014144FEBAB376" box="[514,745,1583,1605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">8–9 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA1564144F82CB376" box="[853,1151,1583,1605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">8–14 mm</td>
<td id="D9432641FF89005FA6A94144F9C2B376" box="[1194,1425,1583,1605]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">8–9.5 mm</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF89FFA5A2BE411CFE81B259" blockId="5.[136,1452,1655,2078]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A2BE411CF85EB3A2" bold="true" box="[189,1037,1655,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
Comparative seed micromorphology with close
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A11B411CFFB8B3A2" box="[792,1003,1655,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A11B411CFFDBB3A1" bold="true" box="[792,904,1655,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Gladiolus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
:—
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A60D411CF888B3A2" box="[1038,1243,1655,1681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A60D411CF888B3A2" box="[1038,1243,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Gladiolus adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is similar to
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A7934113FD42B386" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A7934113FD42B386" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. kotschyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A34441F7FD8CB386" box="[327,479,1691,1718]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A34441F7FD8CB386" box="[327,479,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of cell arrangement, well developed cuticle
<typeStatus id="FB19F3DDFF89FFA5A63041F7F835B385" box="[1075,1126,1692,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">type</typeStatus>
, more or less polygonal testa epidermal cells. However, it differs from both similar species in terms of seed shape, size, ornamentation and winged structure.
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A2F94188FD90B3CE" box="[250,451,1763,1789]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A2F94188FD90B3CE" box="[250,451,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Gladiolus adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seeds are larger and different in shape than those of
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A62B418FF891B3CE" box="[1064,1218,1763,1790]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A62B418FF891B3CE" box="[1064,1218,1763,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and relatively those of
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A2AA4063FD05B212" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1854" box="[169,342,1799,1826]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A2AA4063FD05B212" box="[169,342,1799,1826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. kotschyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although the reticulate structure predominates in the testa ornamentation, as shown in all these three
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A2C44040FDC3B276" box="[199,400,1835,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A2C44040FD66B276" box="[199,309,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Gladiolus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, it is rugose-reticulate in
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A0AA4047FF4FB276" box="[681,796,1835,1862]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A0AA4047FF4FB276" box="[681,796,1835,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. adanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reticulate-colliculate in
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A6304047F898B276" box="[1075,1227,1835,1862]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alanyensis">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A6304047F898B276" box="[1075,1227,1835,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. alanyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and colliculate and reticulate-foveate in
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A373403BFE43B25A" box="[368,528,1871,1898]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotchyanus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A373403BFE43B25A" box="[368,528,1871,1898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">G. kotchyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="692078C4FF89FFA5A01D4024FE26B259" box="[542,629,1871,1898]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,224,160,184]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. A comparison of seed characters among Gladiolus adanus and related species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70DD1DF7FF8AFFA6A28B47CBF816B58B" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" tableUuid="70DD1DF7FF8AFFA6A28B47CBF816B58B">Table 2</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BC9951FAFF89FFA5A0824024FE97B259" box="[641,708,1871,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1106,1128]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1435,190,1082]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. LM and SEM images of seeds of closely related species; a–c: G. adanus, d–f: G. kotschyanus, g–i: G. alanyensis (a, d, g are LM images; the others are SEM images)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213980/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="241D4D7FFF89FFA5A2BE4018FF14BD2E" blockId="5.[136,1452,1655,2078]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">
Previous studies have shown that seed micromorphological characters, in combination with other morphological characters are a good tool for distinguishing plant taxa and determining taxonomic rank (
<bibRefCitation id="4033308EFF89FFA5A66540F3F8ABB282" author="Corner, E. J." box="[1126,1272,1943,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" refId="ref4118" refString="Corner, E. J. (1976) The Seeds of Dicotyledons 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 324 pp." type="book" year="1976">Corner 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4033308EFF89FFA5A70140FCF9F5B281" author="Barthlott, W." box="[1282,1446,1943,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" pagination="345 - 355" refId="ref3870" refString="Barthlott, W. (1981) Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic Journal of Botany 1: 345 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1981. tb 00704. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Barthlott 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4033308EFF89FFA5A28B40D0FD84B2E5" author="Bojnansky, V. &amp; Fargasova, A." box="[136,471,1979,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" refId="ref4019" refString="Bojnansky, V. &amp; Fargasova, A. (2007) Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European Flora: the Carpathian Mountains Region. Springer, Netherlands, 1046 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4020 - 5362 - 7" type="book" year="2007">Bojňansky &amp; Fargašová 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Seed micromorphology and seed anatomical characters were also shown to be decisive in distinguishing species
<taxonomicName id="E3A236FCFF89FFA5A3A440B4FE46B2CA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[423,533,2015,2041]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A3A440B4FE46B2CA" box="[423,533,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">Gladiolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both in previous studies (
<bibRefCitation id="4033308EFF89FFA5A14740B4FFA8B2CA" author="Erol, O. &amp; Uzen, E. &amp; Kucuker, O." box="[836,1019,2015,2041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="215" pagination="125 - 127" refId="ref4288" refString="Erol, O., Uzen, E. &amp; Kucuker, O. (2006) Preliminary SEM Observations on the Seed Testa Structure of Gladiolus L. Species from Turkey. International Journal of Botany 2: 125 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.3923 / ijb. 2006.125.127" type="journal article" year="2006">
Erol
<emphasis id="16D6916DFF89FFA5A17D408BFFEBB2CA" box="[894,952,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
,
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Tekşen
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) and here.
</paragraph>
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