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<document id="68058ECF2D11DAC3F197F313B005A90C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13651803" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13651803" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1723142433292" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Adrain, Jonathan M. &amp; Westrop, Stephen R." docDate="2006" docId="576087F363026403FFF984330171FBA8" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.51.3.541-550.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Dimeropygidae Hupe 1953" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="543" masterDocId="AB59FF8B63006400FF9F8333036CFFE9" masterDocTitle="New genus of dimeropygid trilobites from the earliest Ordovician of Laurentia" masterLastPageNumber="550" masterPageNumber="541" pageNumber="543" updateTime="1725392748534" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="61FF3598D74DB51F10DD319CD2CAE835">New genus of dimeropygid trilobites from the earliest Ordovician of Laurentia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="730BF9493D2FB7880A483DA66BD3A507">Adrain, Jonathan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="990753AC96F52C296027F00B94AF55FB">Westrop, Stephen R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="26F60ED84F292466476CEFC10598E8C2">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C4B250B34F5D7AB1D4F0C54D10C74065">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="576087F363026403FFF984330171FBA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:576087F363026403FFF984330171FBA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/576087F363026403FFF984330171FBA8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">
<subSubSection id="97D3656E63026402FFF984330140F8F5" box="[102,556,1792,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DF7636E563026402FFF984330140F8F5" blockId="2.[102,556,1792,1820]" box="[102,556,1792,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">
<heading id="843E818963026402FFF984330140F8F5" box="[102,556,1792,1820]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" reason="8">
Family
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FF5784330140F8F5" ID-CoL="623WG" authority="Hupe, 1953" authorityName="Hupe" authorityYear="1953" box="[200,556,1792,1820]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Dimeropygidae
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FE0884330140F8F5" author="Hupe, P." box="[407,556,1792,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="44 - 246" refId="ref7207" refString="Hupe, P. 1953. Classe des Trilobites. In: J. Piveteau (ed.), Traite de Paleontologie. Tome 3. Les Formes Ultimes d'Invertebres. Morphologie et Evolution. Onycophores. Arthropodes. Echinoderms. Stomocordes, 44 - 246. Masson et Cie, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1953">Hupé, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97D3656E63026403FFF984010171FBA8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DF7636E563026402FFF984010667F8C1" blockId="2.[102,775,1841,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[812,1486,1346,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763026402FFF9840103B2F8A0" box="[102,222,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">Discussion</emphasis>
.—Classification of the
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FE73840201FBF8A3" authorityName="Hupe" authorityYear="1953" box="[492,663,1841,1866]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dimeropygidae</taxonomicName>
is in flux (therefore we omit higher categories, as the question of which are correct is currently open), but current generic content was given Jell and Adrain (2003: 469). Generic content of the related family
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FF73848202EDF823" authorityName="Hupe" authorityYear="1953" box="[236,385,1969,1994]" class="Trilobita" family="Hystricuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulacopleurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hystricuridae</taxonomicName>
follows Jell and Adrain (2003: 472) with the addition of
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FEDE84E10068F803" authority="Adrain and Westrop, 2006" authorityName="Adrain and Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[321,772,2001,2026]" class="Trilobita" family="Hystricuridae" genus="Millardicurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulacopleurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763026402FEDE84E102B5F803" box="[321,473,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">Millardicurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FE4184E20068F803" author="Adrain, J. M. &amp; Westrop, S. R." box="[478,772,2001,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="650 - 671" refId="ref6787" refString="Adrain, J. M. and Westrop, S. R. 2006. New earliest Ordovician trilobite genus Millardicurus: The oldest known hystricurid. Journal of Paleontology 80: 650 - 671." type="journal article" year="2006">Adrain and Westrop, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FCB3867100ADFAB2" authorityName="Hupe" authorityYear="1953" box="[812,961,1346,1371]" class="Trilobita" family="Hystricuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulacopleurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hystricuridae</taxonomicName>
has often been considered a paraphyletic taxon which “gave rise” to (i.e., contains the sister taxa of) other elements of the order
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FB9D86B70610FA74" authority="Fortey and Owens, 1975" authorityName="Fortey and Owens" authorityYear="1975" box="[1026,1404,1412,1437]" class="Trilobita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
Proetida
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FBFA86B60610FA74" author="Fortey, R. A. &amp; Owens, R. M." box="[1125,1404,1412,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="227 - 239" refId="ref7045" refString="Fortey, R. A. and Owens, R. M. 1975. Proetida - a new order of trilobites. Fossils and Strata 4: 227 - 239." type="journal article" year="1975">Fortey and Owens, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. As argued by Adrain et al. (2003), the hystricurid group contains major monophyletic units, including the taxa
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FAA786F506A1FA36" box="[1336,1485,1478,1503]" class="Trilobita" family="Hystricuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulacopleurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hystricurinae">Hystricurinae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FCB386D400DEF9E9" author="Hupe, P." box="[812,946,1511,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="44 - 246" refId="ref7207" refString="Hupe, P. 1953. Classe des Trilobites. In: J. Piveteau (ed.), Traite de Paleontologie. Tome 3. Les Formes Ultimes d'Invertebres. Morphologie et Evolution. Onycophores. Arthropodes. Echinoderms. Stomocordes, 44 - 246. Masson et Cie, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1953">Hupé, 1953</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763026402FC5786DB0769FA16" box="[968,1029,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">sensu</emphasis>
Adrain et al. 2003) and
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FAAC86D406A1F9E9" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[1331,1485,1511,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="550" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Hintzecurinae">Hintzecurinae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FCB3853B0617F9C8" author="Adrain, J. M. &amp; Lee, D. - C. &amp; Westrop, S. R. &amp; Chatterton, B. D. E. &amp; Landing, E." box="[812,1403,1544,1569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="553 - 586" refId="ref6606" refString="Adrain, J. M., Lee, D. - C., Westrop, S. R., Chatterton, B. D. E., and Landing, E. 2003. Classification of the trilobite subfamilies Hystricurinae and Hintzecurinae subfam. nov., with new genera from the Lower Ordovician (Ibexian) of Idaho and Utah. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 48: 553 - 586." type="journal article" year="2003">Adrain, Lee, Westrop, Chatterton, and Landing, 2003</bibRefCitation>
. Just as the order
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FC0C851B0082F9A8" authorityName="Fortey and Owens" authorityYear="1975" box="[915,1006,1576,1601]" class="Trilobita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Proetida</taxonomicName>
is itself “cryptogenetic” (
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FA9D851B06A6F9A8" author="Stubblefield, C. J." box="[1282,1482,1576,1601]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="145 - 162" refId="ref8074" refString="Stubblefield, C. J. 1959. Evolution in trilobites. An address to the Geological Society of London at its anniversary meeting on 29 April, 1959. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 115: 145 - 162." type="journal article" year="1959">Stubblefield 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FCB3857A009DF98B" author="Whittington, H. B." box="[812,1009,1609,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="591 - 602" refId="ref8190" refString="Whittington, H. B. 1981. Paedomorphosis and cryptogenesis in trilobites. Geological Magazine 118: 591 - 602." type="journal article" year="1981">Whittington 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FC64857907EEF98B" author="Fortey, R. A." box="[1019,1154,1609,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="289 - 302" refId="ref6965" refString="Fortey, R. A. 1997. Classification. In: R. L. Kaesler (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O. Arthropoda 1, Trilobita. Revised, 289 - 302. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas." type="book chapter" year="1997">Fortey 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 2001) in the context of higher trilobite phylogeny, the origins and sister group relationships of families of
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FC4F85B80742F94D" authorityName="Fortey and Owens" authorityYear="1975" box="[976,1070,1675,1700]" class="Trilobita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Proetida</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FB3185B8000AF92C" authority="Angelin, 1854" authorityName="Angelin" authorityYear="1854" class="Trilobita" family="Aulacopleuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Aulacopleuridae
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FAF185B8000AF92C" author="Angelin, N. P." pageId="2" pageNumber="543" refId="ref6884" refString="Angelin, N. P. 1854. Palaeontologica Scandinavica. Pars II, Crustacea formationis transitionis, 25 - 92. Academiae Regiae Scientarum Suecanae, Holmiae." type="book" year="1854">Angelin, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FCEF859F0659F92C" authority="Prantl and Pribyl, 1951" authorityName="Prantl and Pribyl" authorityYear="1951" box="[880,1333,1708,1733]" class="Trilobita" family="Brachymetopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Brachymetopidae
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FBA7859F0659F92C" author="Prantl, F. &amp; Pribyl, A." box="[1080,1333,1708,1733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="353 - 512" refId="ref7828" refString="Prantl, F. and Pribyl, A. 1951. A revision of the Bohemian representatives of the Family Otarionidae R. &amp; E. Richter (Trilobitae) [in Czech and English, with Russian summary]. Sbornik Statniho Geologickeho Ustavu Ceskoslovenske Republiky, oddil paleontologicky 17 (for 1950): 353 - 512." type="journal article" year="1951">Prantl and Přibyl, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FAA0859F00B1F90F" authority="Hupe, 1953" authorityName="Hupe" authorityYear="1953" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Dimeropygidae
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FCC685FE00B1F90F" author="Hupe, P." box="[857,989,1741,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="44 - 246" refId="ref7207" refString="Hupe, P. 1953. Classe des Trilobites. In: J. Piveteau (ed.), Traite de Paleontologie. Tome 3. Les Formes Ultimes d'Invertebres. Morphologie et Evolution. Onycophores. Arthropodes. Echinoderms. Stomocordes, 44 - 246. Masson et Cie, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1953">Hupé, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FC7785FE0785F90F" authority="Owens" authorityName="Owens" box="[1000,1257,1741,1766]" class="Trilobita" family="Rorringtoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rorringtoniidae Owens</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FA9385FE00DFF8EE" author="Owens, R. M. &amp; Hammann, W." pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="221 - 244" refId="ref7786" refString="Owens, R. M. and Hammann, W. 1990. Proetide trilobites from the Cystoid Limestone (Ashgill) of NW Spain, and the suprageneric classification of related forms. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 64: 221 - 244." type="journal article" year="1990">Owens and Hammann, 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FC5F85DD066DF8EE" authority="Osmolska, 1957" authorityName="Osmolska" authorityYear="1957" box="[960,1281,1774,1799]" class="Trilobita" family="Scharyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Scharyiidae
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FBD585DD066DF8EE" author="Osmolska, H." box="[1098,1281,1774,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="53 - 77" refId="ref7757" refString="Osmolska, H. 1957. Trilobites from the Couvinian of Wydryszow (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2: 53 - 77." type="journal article" year="1957">Osmólska, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FAA185DD00D0F8C1" authority="Marek, 1952" authorityName="Marek" authorityYear="1952" class="Trilobita" family="Telephinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Telephinidae
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463026402FCB3843C00D0F8C1" author="Marek, L." box="[812,956,1807,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" pagination="429 - 455" refId="ref7483" refString="Marek, L. 1952. Contribution to the stratigraphy and fauna of the uppermost part of the Kraluv Dvur Shales (Ashgillian) [in Czech, with Russian and English summaries]. Sbornik Ustredniho Ustavu Geologckeho 19: 429 - 455." type="journal article" year="1952">Marek, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, are also essentially unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563026403FCCD84020171FBA8" blockId="2.[812,1486,1346,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[102,775,232,1089]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">
Unravelling the phylogenetic structure of the group is beyond the scope of this paper, although ongoing descriptive work on the Ross/Hintze faunas will add a wealth of new data to help address the problems.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FB2484A1064EF843" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[1211,1314,1938,1962]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763026402FB2484A1064EF843" box="[1211,1314,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">Tulepyge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not compare closely with hystricurids (to which
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FB6F848006A0F823" baseAuthorityName="Fortey" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1264,1484,1970,1994]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucituberculata">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763026402FB6F848006A0F823" box="[1264,1484,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">T. paucituberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first assigned), and in fact with knowledge of
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663026402FAC484E006A1F803" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[1371,1485,2002,2026]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="2" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tulensis">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763026402FAC484E006A1F803" box="[1371,1485,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="543">T. tulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is more similar in its vaulted, tuberculate exoskeleton and librigena with a very short genal spine to younger taxa such as
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FF19821B02D2FEA8" authority="Ross, 1951" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1951" box="[134,446,296,321]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Dimeropygiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FF19821B025AFEA9" box="[134,310,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Dimeropygiella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463036403FEA1821A02D2FEA8" author="Ross, R. J. Jr." box="[318,446,296,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref7964" refString="Ross, R. J. Jr. 1951. Stratigraphy of the Garden City Formation in northeastern Utah, and its trilobite faunas. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, Bulletin 6: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1951">Ross, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FE62821B03F2FE88" authority="Raymond, 1925" authorityName="Raymond" authorityYear="1925" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Ischyrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FE62821B01E5FEA9" box="[509,649,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Ischyrotoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463036403FD0D821B03F2FE88" author="Raymond, P. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref7928" refString="Raymond, P. E. 1925. Some trilobites of the lower Middle Ordovician of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 67: 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1925">Raymond, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463036403FF42827B02DDFE88" author="Adrain, J. M. &amp; Westrop, S. R. &amp; Landing, E. &amp; Fortey, R. A." box="[221,433,328,353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" pagination="947 - 971" refId="ref6823" refString="Adrain, J. M., Westrop, S. R., Landing, E., and Fortey, R. A. 2001. Systematics of the Ordovician trilobites Ischyrotoma and Dimeropygiella, with species from the type Ibexian area, western U. S. A. Journal of Paleontology 75: 947 - 971." type="journal article" year="2001">Adrain et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
, for revisions of both), which have been considered members of
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FE7D825B01F8FE68" authorityName="Hupe" authorityYear="1953" box="[482,660,360,385]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dimeropygidae</taxonomicName>
. There are a great number of undescribed vaulted, tuberculate species of upper Skullrockian, Stairsian, and Tulean age in the Ibex sections. The closest comparison of
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FE5082FB015AFE09" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[463,566,456,480]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FE5082FB015AFE09" box="[463,566,456,480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Tulepyge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is possibly with an essentially undescribed younger Skullrockian clade, sclerites of which have been reported in open nomenclature by
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463036403FD4F813A03C7FDA8" author="Ross, R. J. Jr." pageId="3" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref7964" refString="Ross, R. J. Jr. 1951. Stratigraphy of the Garden City Formation in northeastern Utah, and its trilobite faunas. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, Bulletin 6: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1951">Ross (1951</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9: 25, 29, 30, pl. 14: 5, 8, 12). We have sampled multiple undescribed species of this group, all from the Red Canyon Member of the House Formation and coeval strata of the Garden City Formation. In general, cranidial dimensions and sculpture of these species are similar, especially to
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FD6F819A03D7FD09" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tulensis">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FD6F819A03D7FD09" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">T. tulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the structure of the librigena is almost identical. However, pygidia of the taxa are very different. Those of the upper Skullrockian forms (
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463036403FE0F803B0166FCC8" author="Ross, R. J. Jr." box="[400,522,776,801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref7964" refString="Ross, R. J. Jr. 1951. Stratigraphy of the Garden City Formation in northeastern Utah, and its trilobite faunas. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, Bulletin 6: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1951">Ross 1951</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9: 25, 29, 30) have a corona of sharp pleural spines, beneath which the distal part of the pleura forms a nearly vertical wall not crossed by pleural or interpleural furrows. The tails also feature only two or three segments,
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FE8580BA020DFC49" box="[282,353,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">versus</emphasis>
five in
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FE2880BB0172FC49" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[439,542,904,928]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FE2880BB0172FC49" box="[439,542,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Tulepyge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Confident hypotheses of relationship of
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FEF8809B02A2FC29" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[359,462,936,960]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FEF8809B02A2FC29" box="[359,462,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Tulepyge</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must await much work in progress on younger taxa, but it is tentatively interpreted as a plesiomorphic member of a group also encompassing genera such as
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FF5D873B021EFBC9" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1951" box="[194,370,1032,1056]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Dimeropygiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FF5D873B021EFBC9" box="[194,370,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Dimeropygiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FE33873B0154FBC9" authorityName="Raymond" authorityYear="1925" box="[428,568,1032,1056]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Ischyrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FE33873B0154FBC9" box="[428,568,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Ischyrotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and this group is tentatively assigned to
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FEF8871B0175FBA8" authorityName="Hupe" authorityYear="1953" box="[359,537,1064,1089]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dimeropygidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="326AAA9994C1F97D9DCCF7F47BB2E1AB">New genus of dimeropygid trilobites from the earliest Ordovician of Laurentia</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="DF7636E563036403FFF985A702C5F946" blockId="3.[102,425,1683,1744]" box="[102,425,1683,1712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">
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<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FFF985A70229F959" ID-CoL="7CXMK" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[102,325,1684,1712]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tulensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FFF985A70229F959" box="[102,325,1684,1712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Tulepyge tulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F68E578C63036403FED285A002C5F946" box="[333,425,1683,1711]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563036403FFF9858803D3F939" blockId="3.[102,425,1683,1744]" box="[102,191,1723,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Figs. 3, 4</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97D3656E63036408FFF985D007C5F9F0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF7636E563036403FFF985D0066DFEB9" blockId="3.[102,549,1763,1784]" lastBlockId="3.[812,1485,231,336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FFF985D00228F911" box="[102,324,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Derivation of the name</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="6FA13CB863036403FECF85D0066DFEB9" collectionCode="SUI" collectorName="Section B &amp; Barn Canyon Member &amp; House Formation" county="Millard County" location="lower Skullrockian" municipality="Tule Valley" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" specimenCode="SUI 100169, SUI 100170-100195" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Utah" typeStatus="holotype">
After the
<collectingMunicipality id="3F12AC9F63036403FE3385D0014DF911" box="[428,545,1763,1784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Tule Valley</collectingMunicipality>
.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FCB383D4075DFF15" box="[812,1073,231,252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Type locality and horizon</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="0072884763036403FBDC83D407F3FF15" box="[1091,1183,231,252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, cranidium,
<specimenCode id="8F6F9E9E63036403FABF83D406F7FF15" box="[1312,1435,231,252]" collectionCode="SUI" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx78-973d" name="The University of Iowa (formerly State University of Iowa)" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" type="University or college">SUI 100169</specimenCode>
, and
<typeStatus id="0072884763036403FCB3823000E4FEF1" box="[812,904,259,280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="8F6F9E9E63036403FC128230073AFEF1" box="[909,1110,259,280]" collectionCode="SUI" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx78-973d" name="The University of Iowa (formerly State University of Iowa)" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" type="University or college">SUI 100170–100195</specimenCode>
, all from
<collectorName id="723C533363036403FB3182300667FEF1" box="[1198,1291,259,280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Section B</collectorName>
1.1 m,
<collectorName id="723C533363036403FAD0823000ECFEDD" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Barn Canyon Member</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="723C533363036403FC0E822C072CFEDD" box="[913,1088,287,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">House Formation</collectorName>
(
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),
<location id="DA16603E63036403FAAF822C0000FEB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:576087F363036408FFF985A7033BF8DD:DA16603E63036403FAAF822C0000FEB9" county="Millard County" municipality="Tule Valley" name="southern House Range" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Utah">southern House Range</location>
,
<location id="DA16603E63036403FCE9820800BCFEB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:576087F363036408FFF985A7033BF8DD:DA16603E63036403FCE9820800BCFEB9" box="[886,976,315,336]" county="Millard County" municipality="Tule Valley" name="Ibex area" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Utah">Ibex area</location>
,
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, western
<collectingRegion id="1D0DF80763036403FB5482080791FEB9" box="[1227,1277,315,336]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Utah</collectingRegion>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563036403FCB38254073AFD77" blockId="3.[812,1485,357,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FCB3825400F2FE97" box="[812,926,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.—
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FC2182560754FE97" box="[958,1080,357,382]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium</taxonomicName>
with relatively dense tuberculate sculpture, variable from somewhat subdued to coarse and thorn−like; anterior border furrow short (exsag.) and incised; preglabellar field short; librigena with accessory tubercles in addition to single main row on field; eye socle with inflated anterior lobe; librigenal lateral border densely tuberculate, with raised lines confined to near lateral edge; pygidium long relative to width, with prominent transverse tubercle rows on posterior pleural bands and more posteriorly arcuate, though variable, posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563036403FCB3818706AFFCE5" blockId="3.[812,1485,691,780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FCB3818700DCFD22" box="[812,944,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Description</emphasis>
.—Cited proportions are based on measurements of the illustrated specimens. Where there is variation, the mean value is reported followed by the range in parentheses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563036403FCB3801306A1F911" blockId="3.[812,1486,800,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FCB3801300CFFCD1" box="[812,931,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FCB3801300CFFCD1" box="[812,931,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Cranidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—Sagittal length 67 percent width across posterior fixigenae and 87 (84–90) percent width across midlength of palpebral lobes; glabella (excluding LO) with sagittal length 111 (104–117) percent maximum width across L1; entire cranidium with background sculpture of fine, densely spaced granules; anterior border short, longer sagittally than exsagittally, with strong dorsal convexity, sculpture of fairly large, closely spaced tubercles on dorsal and anterodorsal aspect and fine raised lines running subparallel to margin on anteroventral aspect; anterior border gently bowed in anterior profile, ventral margin bowed over about 50% of middle part of course, cut by transverse connective sutures on abaxial parts; anterior border furrow short (sag.; exsag.) and deep, with somewhat irregular course and depth, shallower medially in many specimens; preglabellar field short, quite steeply inclined in sagittal profile, in most larger specimens not bearing tubercles directly in front of glabella, though smaller specimens typically have two or three tiny tubercles in this area; interocular fixigena and frontal area grade into each other with increasingly steep slope in front of palpebral lobe; eye ridge not discernible dorsally, but very faintly expressed ventrally (Fig. 3A
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FC1286FF00FAFA35" attach="left" box="[909,918,1484,1500]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">5</subScript>
, especially left hand side), running from anterior edge of palpebral lobe obliquely forward toward preglabellar furrow; interocular fixigena with sculpture of moderate sized tubercles in approximately three exsagittal ranks, in many specimens with scattering of finer tubercles interspersed among them; small cranidia (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063036403FBF2855307D2F990" box="[1133,1214,1632,1657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[102,135,1596,1616]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,235,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[102,1486,235,1565]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Tulepyge tulensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah. A. Cranidium, SUI 100178, dorsal (A1), left lateral (A2), and anterior (A3) views. B. Cranidium, SUI 100179, dorsal (B1), left lateral (B2), and anterior (B3) views. C. Cranidium, SUI 100180, dorsal (C1), left lateral (C2), and anterior (C3) views. D. Cranidium, SUI 100181, dorsal (D1), anterior (D2), and left lateral (D3) views. E. Cranidium, SUI 100182, dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, SUI 100183, external view. G. Right librigena, SUI 100184, external view. H. Right librigena, SUI 100185, external view. I. Left librigena, SUI 100186, internal (I1) and external (I2) views. J. Left librigena, SUI 100187, external view. K. Pygidium, SUI 100188, ventral (K1), right lateral (K2), dorsal (K3), and posterior (K4) views. L. Right librigena, SUI 100189, external view. M. Right librigena, SUI 100190, external view. N. Right librigena, SUI 100191, ventrolateral (N1) and external (N2) views. O. Pygidium, SUI 100192, dorsal (O1), posterior (O2), and left lateral (O3) views. P. Pygidium, SUI 100193, dorsal (P1), posterior (P2), and left lateral (P3) views. Q. Pygidium, SUI 100194, dorsal (Q1), posterior (Q2), and right lateral (Q3) views. R. Pygidium, SUI 100195, dorsal (R1), right lateral (R2), and posterior (R3) views. All × 10, except C, H × 12, D, I, L, R × 15, and E × 20. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651817/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063036403FB21855F07ABF995" box="[1214,1223,1644,1660]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1178,1198]" captionTargetBox="[102,775,242,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-690@1.[102,776,242,1138]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Location of Section B (only the basal part of the section sampled herein is shown—Hintze’s (1951, 1953) section continues up the ravine to the northeast). Inset: position of Ibex area in Utah, and position of main detail map in the Tule Valley and southern House Range, south of US Highway 6 in Millard County." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651809/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FB21855F07ABF995" attach="left" box="[1214,1223,1644,1660]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
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) with only a single row of three large tubercles posteriorly and smaller tubercle anteriorly; sculpture on frontal area similar to that on interocular fixigena; anterior sections of facial suture slightly anteriorly convergent in front of palpebral lobe, changing course oppo−
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563036403FFF9841F06A2F8B5" blockId="3.[102,1528,1834,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">
Fig. 3.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FF3B841F022CF8A9" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[164,320,1836,1856]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tulensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FF3B841F022CF8A9" box="[164,320,1836,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Tulepyge tulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F68E578C63036403FEDB841F02A1F8D6" box="[324,461,1836,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (Lower Ordovician; lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FA4384190694F8D1" box="[1500,1528,1834,1848]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Ą</emphasis>
area, Millard County, western
<collectingRegion id="1D0DF80763036403FEEA847B02C8F8B5" box="[373,420,1864,1884]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">Utah</collectingRegion>
.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FE34847402D7F8B2" bold="true" box="[427,443,1863,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FE5A847B0144F8B5" box="[453,552,1864,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="0072884763036403FDAF847B01EEF8B5" box="[560,642,1864,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, SUI 100169, dorsal (A
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FCCC84620037F8B6" attach="left" box="[851,859,1873,1887]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
), right lateral (A
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FC6F84620094F8B6" attach="right" box="[1008,1016,1873,1887]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">2</subScript>
), anterior (A
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FBF384620718F8B6" attach="right" box="[1132,1140,1873,1887]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">3</subScript>
), oblique (A
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FB7A84620781F8B6" attach="left" box="[1253,1261,1873,1887]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">4</subScript>
), and ventral (A
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FAE0846206EBF8B6" attach="right" box="[1407,1415,1873,1887]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">5</subScript>
) views.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563036403FFF9845702DFF801" blockId="3.[102,1528,1834,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FFF984570319F89E" bold="true" box="[102,117,1892,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FFE08457027CF891" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[127,272,1892,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100170, dorsal (B
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FE2A845E02D1F892" attach="left" box="[437,445,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
), left lateral (B
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FDD9845E0122F892" attach="left" box="[582,590,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">2</subScript>
), and anterior (B
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FD78845E0183F892" attach="left" box="[743,751,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FCA484500027F89E" bold="true" box="[827,843,1891,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FCC98457008AF891" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[854,998,1892,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100171, dorsal (C
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FB13845E07F8F892" attach="left" box="[1164,1172,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
), left lateral (C
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FA83845E0648F892" attach="left" box="[1308,1316,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">2</subScript>
), and anterior (C
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FA21845E06AAF892" attach="left" box="[1470,1478,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FF3A84B303D9F87A" bold="true" box="[165,181,1920,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FF2084B30223F87D" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[191,335,1920,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100172, dorsal (D
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FE6A84BA0291F87E" attach="left" box="[501,509,1929,1943]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
), anterior (D
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FDEE84BA0115F87E" attach="left" box="[625,633,1929,1943]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">2</subScript>
), and right lateral (D
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FCAB84BA0050F87E" attach="right" box="[820,828,1929,1943]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FC1884B300FAF87A" bold="true" box="[903,918,1920,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">E</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FC3F84B3075CF87D" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[928,1072,1920,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100173, dorsal (E
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FB4C84BA07B7F87E" attach="left" box="[1235,1243,1929,1943]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
), left lateral (E
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FAFE84BA0605F87E" attach="left" box="[1377,1385,1929,1943]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">2</subScript>
), and anterior (E
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FF3F849603C4F85A" attach="left" box="[160,168,1957,1971]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FF6C84AF026DF846" bold="true" box="[243,257,1948,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">F</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FE9484AF02F7F859" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[267,411,1948,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100174, dorsal (F
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FDA384960128F85A" attach="left" box="[572,580,1957,1971]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
), anterior (F
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FD2B849601D0F85A" attach="left" box="[692,700,1957,1971]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">2</subScript>
), and right lateral (F
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FCEC84960017F85A" attach="left" box="[883,891,1957,1971]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FC5984A800B4F846" bold="true" box="[966,984,1947,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">G</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FC7E84AF071DF859" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[993,1137,1948,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100175, dorsal (G
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FA8884960673F85A" attach="right" box="[1303,1311,1957,1971]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
), anterior (G
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FA0C849606F7F85A" attach="right" box="[1427,1435,1957,1971]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">2</subScript>
), and right lateral (G
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FF7684F2039DF826" attach="left" box="[233,241,1985,1999]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FEA4848B0221F822" bold="true" box="[315,333,1976,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">H</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FEC8848B028AF825" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[343,486,1976,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100176, dorsal (H
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FD1484F201FFF826" attach="left" box="[651,659,1985,1999]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
), anterior (H
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FC9884F20063F826" attach="left" box="[775,783,1985,1999]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">2</subScript>
), and right lateral (H
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FC5784F200BCF826" attach="left" box="[968,976,1985,1999]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763036403FB84848B0748F822" bold="true" box="[1051,1060,1976,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663036403FBB2848B07D1F825" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[1069,1213,1976,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100177, dorsal (I
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FAC684F2060DF826" attach="left" box="[1369,1377,1985,1999]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">1</subScript>
), left lateral (I
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FFEA84EE0311F802" attach="left" box="[117,125,2013,2027]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">2</subScript>
), and anterior (I
<subScript id="434D34A063036403FE8E84EE0275F802" attach="left" box="[273,281,2013,2027]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="544">3</subScript>
) views. All ×10.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8BB6666D63056405FFF9850F07E4F8A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13651817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651817/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="546" startId="5.[102,135,1596,1616]" targetBox="[102,1485,235,1565]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DF7636E563056405FFF9850F07E4F8A5" blockId="5.[102,1486,1596,1872]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">
Fig. 4.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663056405FF37850F022BF9B9" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[168,327,1596,1616]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="5" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tulensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FF37850F022BF9B9" box="[168,327,1596,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">Tulepyge tulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F68E578C63056405FED1850E02B2F9B9" box="[334,478,1597,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FEAB856B0228F985" bold="true" box="[308,324,1624,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663056405FED0856B02B3F985" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[335,479,1624,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100178, dorsal (A
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FD1A855101E1F999" attach="right" box="[645,653,1634,1648]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
), left lateral (A
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FC8985510072F999" attach="right" box="[790,798,1634,1648]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">2</subScript>
), and anterior (A
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FC28855100D3F999" attach="left" box="[951,959,1634,1648]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FB95856A0775F985" bold="true" box="[1034,1049,1625,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663056405FBBB856B07D8F985" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[1060,1204,1624,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100179, dorsal (B
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FAC78551060CF999" attach="left" box="[1368,1376,1634,1648]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
), left lateral (B
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FFE3854D03E8F965" attach="left" box="[124,132,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">2</subScript>
), and anterior (B
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FE82854D0249F965" attach="left" box="[285,293,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FEEE854702EDF961" bold="true" box="[369,385,1652,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663056405FE1485470177F961" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[395,539,1652,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100180, dorsal (C
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FD5E854D01A5F965" attach="left" box="[705,713,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
), left lateral (C
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FCCE854D0035F965" attach="left" box="[849,857,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">2</subScript>
), and anterior (C
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FC6D854D0096F965" attach="left" box="[1010,1018,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FBDA85460739F961" bold="true" box="[1093,1109,1653,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663056405FBFF8547079CF961" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[1120,1264,1652,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100181, dorsal (D
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FA09854D06F2F965" attach="left" box="[1430,1438,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
), anterior (D
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FF2C85A903D7F941" attach="right" box="[179,187,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">2</subScript>
), and left lateral (D
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FEF785A9021CF941" attach="left" box="[360,368,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FE2585A202A5F94D" bold="true" box="[442,457,1681,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">E</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663056405FE4C85A3010FF94D" authority=", SUI" authorityName="SUI" box="[467,611,1680,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cranidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cranidium, SUI</taxonomicName>
100182, dorsal (E
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FC9985A90062F941" attach="left" box="[774,782,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
), right lateral (E
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FC3F85A900C4F941" attach="left" box="[928,936,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">2</subScript>
), and anterior (E
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FBA185A9072AF941" attach="left" box="[1086,1094,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FB0E85A207F3F94D" bold="true" box="[1169,1183,1681,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">F</emphasis>
. Right librigena, SUI 100183, external view.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FF4A859F038BF929" bold="true" box="[213,231,1708,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">G</emphasis>
. Right librigena, SUI 100184, external view.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FD1E859E01FFF929" bold="true" box="[641,659,1709,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">H</emphasis>
. Right librigena, SUI 100185, external view.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FBB2859E075AF929" bold="true" box="[1069,1078,1709,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">I</emphasis>
. Left librigena, SUI 100186, internal (I
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FA07858506CCF92D" attach="left" box="[1432,1440,1718,1732]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
) and external (I
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FF5C85E103A7F909" attach="right" box="[195,203,1746,1760]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">2</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FE8885FA024EF935" bold="true" box="[279,290,1737,1756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">J</emphasis>
. Left librigena, SUI 100187, external view.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FD3085FA01ADF935" bold="true" box="[687,705,1737,1756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">K</emphasis>
. Pygidium, SUI 100188, ventral (K
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FB9C85E10767F909" attach="right" box="[1027,1035,1746,1760]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
), right lateral (K
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FB3D85E107C6F909" attach="right" box="[1186,1194,1746,1760]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">2</subScript>
), dorsal (K
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FA8F85E10674F909" attach="left" box="[1296,1304,1746,1760]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
), and posterior (K
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FA2185E106AAF909" attach="right" box="[1470,1478,1746,1760]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">4</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FF3985D603D9F911" bold="true" box="[166,181,1765,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">L</emphasis>
. Right librigena, SUI 100189, external view.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FDCC85D60104F911" bold="true" box="[595,616,1765,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">M</emphasis>
. Right librigena, SUI 100190, external view.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FB9985D6077AF911" bold="true" box="[1030,1046,1765,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">N</emphasis>
. Right librigena, SUI 100191, ventrolateral (N
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FA2185DD06AAF915" attach="right" box="[1470,1478,1774,1788]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
) and external (N
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FF6E84390395F8F1" attach="right" box="[241,249,1802,1816]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">2</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FEDB8433023AF8FD" bold="true" box="[324,342,1792,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">O</emphasis>
. Pygidium, SUI 100192, dorsal (O
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FD11843901FAF8F1" attach="left" box="[654,662,1802,1816]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
), posterior (O
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FC8A84390071F8F1" attach="left" box="[789,797,1802,1816]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">2</subScript>
), and left lateral (O
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FC52843900B9F8F1" attach="right" box="[973,981,1802,1816]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FBBF84320742F8FD" bold="true" box="[1056,1070,1793,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">P</emphasis>
. Pygidium, SUI 100193, dorsal (P
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), posterior (P
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), and left lateral (P
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FEB18415025AF8DD" attach="left" box="[302,310,1830,1844]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FE1D842F02F8F8D9" bold="true" box="[386,404,1820,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">Q</emphasis>
. Pygidium, SUI 100194, dorsal (Q
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), posterior (Q
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), and right lateral (Q
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FB858415074EF8DD" attach="left" box="[1050,1058,1830,1844]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763056405FBF0842E0713F8D9" bold="true" box="[1135,1151,1821,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">R</emphasis>
. Pygidium, SUI 100195, dorsal (R
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), right lateral (R
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), and posterior (R
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FE06847102CDF8B9" attach="left" box="[409,417,1858,1872]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">3</subScript>
) views. All × 10, except C, H × 12, D, I, L, R × 15, and E × 20. Scale bars 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563056406FFF984420210FCAD" blockId="5.[102,775,1905,2029]" lastBlockId="6.[102,775,232,836]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">
site anterior part of frontal area to become more strongly anteriorly convergent; palpebral furrow well impressed, ranging from nearly straight in some specimens (e.g., Fig. 3A
<subScript id="434D34A063056405FD32848E01DAF824" attach="left" box="[685,694,1981,1997]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="546">1</subScript>
) to laterally bowed in others (e.g., Fig. 3G
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); palpebral lobe narrow, slightly inclined from transverse plane, with two or three small tubercles which are more prominent in smaller specimens, lateral margin more strongly curved slightly posterior to midlength; posterior fixigena gradational with interocular fixigena, sculpture continued posteriorly but more subdued in that direction; posterior fixigena quite long (exsag.) behind palpebral lobe, tapering in length distally but still well expressed and bearing tubercles near tip of posterolateral projection; posterior border furrow well incised, slightly shallower than axial furrow, increasing in length (exsag.) and shallower distally; posterior border with strong dorsal convexity, very short near contact with LO, increasing in length slightly to fulcrum, then strongly distal to fulcrum; border with sculpture of single transverse row of moderate sized tubercles, typically
<quantity id="18319B0063066406FD4281390317FDAA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
total, some specimens with widely scattered interspersed smaller tubercles, particularly distally, small specimens (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063066406FD44817903EAFD6A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[102,135,1596,1616]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,235,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[102,1486,235,1565]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Tulepyge tulensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah. A. Cranidium, SUI 100178, dorsal (A1), left lateral (A2), and anterior (A3) views. B. Cranidium, SUI 100179, dorsal (B1), left lateral (B2), and anterior (B3) views. C. Cranidium, SUI 100180, dorsal (C1), left lateral (C2), and anterior (C3) views. D. Cranidium, SUI 100181, dorsal (D1), anterior (D2), and left lateral (D3) views. E. Cranidium, SUI 100182, dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, SUI 100183, external view. G. Right librigena, SUI 100184, external view. H. Right librigena, SUI 100185, external view. I. Left librigena, SUI 100186, internal (I1) and external (I2) views. J. Left librigena, SUI 100187, external view. K. Pygidium, SUI 100188, ventral (K1), right lateral (K2), dorsal (K3), and posterior (K4) views. L. Right librigena, SUI 100189, external view. M. Right librigena, SUI 100190, external view. N. Right librigena, SUI 100191, ventrolateral (N1) and external (N2) views. O. Pygidium, SUI 100192, dorsal (O1), posterior (O2), and left lateral (O3) views. P. Pygidium, SUI 100193, dorsal (P1), posterior (P2), and left lateral (P3) views. Q. Pygidium, SUI 100194, dorsal (Q1), posterior (Q2), and right lateral (Q3) views. R. Pygidium, SUI 100195, dorsal (R1), right lateral (R2), and posterior (R3) views. All × 10, except C, H × 12, D, I, L, R × 15, and E × 20. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651817/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063066406FF19814503D7FD6F" box="[134,187,618,646]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1178,1198]" captionTargetBox="[102,775,242,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-690@1.[102,776,242,1138]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Location of Section B (only the basal part of the section sampled herein is shown—Hintze’s (1951, 1953) section continues up the ravine to the northeast). Inset: position of Ibex area in Utah, and position of main detail map in the Tule Valley and southern House Range, south of US Highway 6 in Millard County." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651809/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">
<subScript id="434D34A063066406FF19814503E3FD6F" attach="left" box="[134,143,630,646]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">1</subScript>
, C
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</figureCitation>
); tiny posterolaterally directed spine at distal tip of posterior border, reduced to tubercle in largest specimens (Fig. 3A
<subScript id="434D34A063066406FF17818503FDFD2F" attach="left" box="[136,145,694,710]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">1</subScript>
); doublure under LO with closely spaced raised lines on articulating surface; doublure scarcely developed elsewhere except for very short (exsag.) strip, lengthening slightly distally, beneath posterior border; no fossulae for hypostome articulation are discernible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563066406FFF9806902C4F891" blockId="6.[102,775,858,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763066406FFF9806903BEFC9B" box="[102,210,858,882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Librigena</emphasis>
.—Field with minimum width 64 percent (59–71) maximum width at posterior edge of eye, minimum width 30 percent (25–36) of length; field with very fine background sculpture of caecal pits, with exsagittal row of 5–6 prominent tubercles set nearer to eye than to lateral border furrow, with small number of much smaller tubercles scattered irregularly above, below, and among main row; eye socle of single narrow band along posterior three quarters, expanded into distinct inflated lobe anteriorly, set off from field by narrow but strongly incised furrow; visual surface not preserved on any specimen, but eye large and long, occupying about two thirds length (exsag.) of field; lateral border furrow narrow and deep anteriorly, with shallower gradation toward field but sharp break of slope toward border, shallower posteriorly and almost or completely shallowed in front of base of genal spine; posterior border furrow not evident, almost entirely restricted to cranidium; lateral border furrow and librigenal lateral margin bowed moderately (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063066406FEF0864E028DFA7F" box="[367,481,1405,1430]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[102,135,1596,1616]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,235,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[102,1486,235,1565]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Tulepyge tulensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah. A. Cranidium, SUI 100178, dorsal (A1), left lateral (A2), and anterior (A3) views. B. Cranidium, SUI 100179, dorsal (B1), left lateral (B2), and anterior (B3) views. C. Cranidium, SUI 100180, dorsal (C1), left lateral (C2), and anterior (C3) views. D. Cranidium, SUI 100181, dorsal (D1), anterior (D2), and left lateral (D3) views. E. Cranidium, SUI 100182, dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, SUI 100183, external view. G. Right librigena, SUI 100184, external view. H. Right librigena, SUI 100185, external view. I. Left librigena, SUI 100186, internal (I1) and external (I2) views. J. Left librigena, SUI 100187, external view. K. Pygidium, SUI 100188, ventral (K1), right lateral (K2), dorsal (K3), and posterior (K4) views. L. Right librigena, SUI 100189, external view. M. Right librigena, SUI 100190, external view. N. Right librigena, SUI 100191, ventrolateral (N1) and external (N2) views. O. Pygidium, SUI 100192, dorsal (O1), posterior (O2), and left lateral (O3) views. P. Pygidium, SUI 100193, dorsal (P1), posterior (P2), and left lateral (P3) views. Q. Pygidium, SUI 100194, dorsal (Q1), posterior (Q2), and right lateral (Q3) views. R. Pygidium, SUI 100195, dorsal (R1), right lateral (R2), and posterior (R3) views. All × 10, except C, H × 12, D, I, L, R × 15, and E × 20. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651817/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Fig. 4H, J</figureCitation>
) or more commonly quite strongly (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063066406FF5186AE027BFA5F" box="[206,279,1437,1462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[102,135,1596,1616]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,235,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[102,1486,235,1565]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Tulepyge tulensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah. A. Cranidium, SUI 100178, dorsal (A1), left lateral (A2), and anterior (A3) views. B. Cranidium, SUI 100179, dorsal (B1), left lateral (B2), and anterior (B3) views. C. Cranidium, SUI 100180, dorsal (C1), left lateral (C2), and anterior (C3) views. D. Cranidium, SUI 100181, dorsal (D1), anterior (D2), and left lateral (D3) views. E. Cranidium, SUI 100182, dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, SUI 100183, external view. G. Right librigena, SUI 100184, external view. H. Right librigena, SUI 100185, external view. I. Left librigena, SUI 100186, internal (I1) and external (I2) views. J. Left librigena, SUI 100187, external view. K. Pygidium, SUI 100188, ventral (K1), right lateral (K2), dorsal (K3), and posterior (K4) views. L. Right librigena, SUI 100189, external view. M. Right librigena, SUI 100190, external view. N. Right librigena, SUI 100191, ventrolateral (N1) and external (N2) views. O. Pygidium, SUI 100192, dorsal (O1), posterior (O2), and left lateral (O3) views. P. Pygidium, SUI 100193, dorsal (P1), posterior (P2), and left lateral (P3) views. Q. Pygidium, SUI 100194, dorsal (Q1), posterior (Q2), and right lateral (Q3) views. R. Pygidium, SUI 100195, dorsal (R1), right lateral (R2), and posterior (R3) views. All × 10, except C, H × 12, D, I, L, R × 15, and E × 20. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651817/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063066406FE88869A022CFA50" box="[279,320,1438,1465]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1220,1240]" captionTargetBox="[166,1414,225,1189]" captionTargetId="figure-346@2.[166,1422,225,1192]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Geographic and stratigraphic position of conglomerate bed in unit 57 of Broom Point South section (James and Stevens 1986), from which earliest Ordovician boulder BPS 496, containing the illustrated material of Tulepyge paucituberculata, was collected. NFLD = Newfoundland, Canada; T.C.M. = Tuckers Cove Member." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651811/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">
<subScript id="434D34A063066406FE88869A024CFA50" attach="left" box="[279,288,1449,1465]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">2</subScript>
, J
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</figureCitation>
) laterally; lateral border with sculpture of prominent tubercles of same size as largest on field, arranged somewhat haphazardly but with suggestion of one or two exsagittal rows, with smaller tubercles fairly densely interspersed, and raised lines with completely linear expression developed subparallel with lateral margin on very edge of external aspect and ventrolateral aspect of border; anterior projection long; connective suture with shallow “V” shape, indicating rostral plate may have been hourglass−shaped; genal spine short and thorn−like, tapering rapidly to sharp point, with tuberculate and raised line sculpture of lateral border continued to point; doublure broad, turned sharply inward to form edge at contact with lateral border, lacking obvious raised line sculpture, with shallow Panderian notch posteriorly near posterior section of facial suture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563066406FF1384B001F2F875" blockId="6.[102,775,858,1948]" box="[140,670,1923,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Rostral plate, hypostome, and thorax unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563066406FFF98481008CF928" blockId="6.[102,774,1969,2026]" lastBlockId="6.[812,1486,232,1729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763066406FFF9848103BDF823" box="[102,209,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Pygidium</emphasis>
.—Sagittal length 53 percent (50–57) of maximum width; axis with sagittal length 95 percent (87–99) maximum anterior width and 84 (78–90) percent sagittal length of pygidium, anterior width of axis 42 (41–44) percent maximum width of pygidium; pygidium strongly vaulted in both sagittal and transverse (posterior) profile; posterior margin more or less chevron−shaped in dorsal view, nearly flat in transverse profile, with only subtle posteromedian flexure in some specimens (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063066406FBB0829B0717FE28" box="[1071,1147,424,449]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[102,135,1596,1616]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,235,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[102,1486,235,1565]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Tulepyge tulensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah. A. Cranidium, SUI 100178, dorsal (A1), left lateral (A2), and anterior (A3) views. B. Cranidium, SUI 100179, dorsal (B1), left lateral (B2), and anterior (B3) views. C. Cranidium, SUI 100180, dorsal (C1), left lateral (C2), and anterior (C3) views. D. Cranidium, SUI 100181, dorsal (D1), anterior (D2), and left lateral (D3) views. E. Cranidium, SUI 100182, dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, SUI 100183, external view. G. Right librigena, SUI 100184, external view. H. Right librigena, SUI 100185, external view. I. Left librigena, SUI 100186, internal (I1) and external (I2) views. J. Left librigena, SUI 100187, external view. K. Pygidium, SUI 100188, ventral (K1), right lateral (K2), dorsal (K3), and posterior (K4) views. L. Right librigena, SUI 100189, external view. M. Right librigena, SUI 100190, external view. N. Right librigena, SUI 100191, ventrolateral (N1) and external (N2) views. O. Pygidium, SUI 100192, dorsal (O1), posterior (O2), and left lateral (O3) views. P. Pygidium, SUI 100193, dorsal (P1), posterior (P2), and left lateral (P3) views. Q. Pygidium, SUI 100194, dorsal (Q1), posterior (Q2), and right lateral (Q3) views. R. Pygidium, SUI 100195, dorsal (R1), right lateral (R2), and posterior (R3) views. All × 10, except C, H × 12, D, I, L, R × 15, and E × 20. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651817/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Fig 4P</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063066406FBE4828707E8FE2D" box="[1147,1156,436,452]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1220,1240]" captionTargetBox="[166,1414,225,1189]" captionTargetId="figure-346@2.[166,1422,225,1192]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Geographic and stratigraphic position of conglomerate bed in unit 57 of Broom Point South section (James and Stevens 1986), from which earliest Ordovician boulder BPS 496, containing the illustrated material of Tulepyge paucituberculata, was collected. NFLD = Newfoundland, Canada; T.C.M. = Tuckers Cove Member." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651811/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">
<subScript id="434D34A063066406FBE4828707E8FE2D" attach="left" box="[1147,1156,436,452]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
); axis dorsally inflated, with four well defined axial rings and very faint fifth not well differentiated from terminal piece but marked by small fifth pair of paired axial tubercles in most specimens; rings very slightly longer sagittally than exsagittally, with sculpture of large pair of tubercles, smaller median tubercle (variably present) and two or three smaller lateral tubercles on either side; crescentic articulating half ring similar in sagittal length to first ring; ring furrow short and deeply incised; second and third ring furrows progressively less well incised but transversely complete, third expressed mostly laterally, fourth very weakly expressed; prominent pseudoarticulating half rings present on second and third segments, merged and indistinct posteriorly; axial furrows sharply posteriorly convergent opposite first ring, more weakly posteriorly convergent opposite rings 2–5, shallowed posteriorly to only very weakly circumscribe rear of axis, which is mostly marked by break in slope, axial furrow deflected in course around lateral inflations of rings; pleural furrow distinct on first three segments, fourth very weakly expressed, of same length proximally and distally, shallow near axial furrow, contact with axial furrow weakly defined, much deeper across fulcrum and distally; anterior pleural band of approximately same length (exsag.) as posterior band, both bands of same length proximally and distally, and bands of first, second, and third segments of similar length; anterior pleural band lacking sculpture, posterior band with transverse row of moderate tubercles, slightly smaller than those on axial rings, and interspersed smaller tubercles; interpleural furrows weakly expressed, but first three discernible, progressively weaker posteriorly; pleural region proximal to fulcrum horizontal or slightly downsloping, region distal to fulcrum sharply downturned; pleural bands terminate in strongly inflated axis; anterior bands simply terminate against edge of border, posterior bands developed into sharp ridge and distal tip, merging with border to give inner edge of border scalloped appearance; border rim−like, with prominent sculpture of subparallel raised lines, mostly contiguous across entire width of border; doublure narrow, describing shallow “V” shape in ventral views, with raised line sculpture similar to that on pygidial border.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563066408FCB385E00745FE28" blockId="6.[812,1485,1745,2026]" lastBlockId="8.[59,1485,232,1844]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763066406FCB385E000CBF903" box="[812,935,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Discussion</emphasis>
.—
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663066406FC5585E107FAF903" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[970,1174,1746,1770]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tulensis">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763066406FC5585E107FAF903" box="[970,1174,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Tulepyge tulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663066406FA2985E00087F8E3" baseAuthorityName="Fortey" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucituberculata">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763066406FA2985E00087F8E3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">T. paucituberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its dorsal cranidial sculpture of relatively smaller but densely packed tubercles, more anteriorly inflated
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763066406FCEB840000D7F8A3" box="[884,955,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">versus</emphasis>
narrow glabella, shorter preglabellar field and frontal area, less transversely arched anterior border (in anterior view), slightly broader interocular fixigena, narrower librigena field with more accessory tubercles in addition to prominent main exsagittal row, relatively slightly shorter genal spine, denser tuberculate sculpture on the librigenal lateral border, raised lines restricted to lateralmost aspect of
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FCB383DB072BFEE9" box="[812,1095,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Material and occurrence</emphasis>
.—In addition to
<typeStatus id="0072884763086408FA9283DA0651FEE8" box="[1293,1341,233,257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">type</typeStatus>
material lisexternal surface of librigenal lateral border
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FDDD823A01E5FEC9" box="[578,649,265,288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">versus</emphasis>
distributed ted by
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FCE2823A073BFEC8" author="Fortey, R. A." box="[893,1111,264,289]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="179 - 211" refId="ref6931" refString="Fortey, R. A. 1983. Cambrian - Ordovician trilobites from the boundary beds in western Newfoundland and their phylogenetic significance. Special Papers in Palaeontology 30: 179 - 211." type="journal article" year="1983">Fortey (1983: 185)</bibRefCitation>
, figured material including GSC over about half of external area of border, raised lines contig− 69590 (
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FC1C821B0779FEA8" author="Kindle, C. H." box="[899,1045,296,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref7300" refString="Kindle, C. H. 1982. The C. H. Kindle Collection: Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician trilobites from the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 82 - 1 C: 1 - 17." type="book chapter" year="1982">Kindle 1982</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 1.5: 22;
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FB38821B0792FEA8" box="[1191,1278,296,321]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1864,1884]" captionText="Fig. 5. Tulepyge paucituberculata (Fortey, 1983), from the Lower Ordovician of the Broom Point Member, Green Point Formation, Cow Head Group, conglomerate boulder BPS 496, Broom Point South section, western Newfoundland. A. Cranidium, GSC 69590, dorsal (A1), anterior (A2), right lateral (A3), and oblique (A4) views (original of Kindle, 1982: pl. 1.5: 22). B. Cranidium, GSC 30023, dorsal (B1) and anterior (B2) views. C. Cranidium, GSC 30024, dorsal (C1), anterior (C2), and right lateral (C3) views. D. Cranidium, GSC 30025, dorsal (D1), right lateral (D2), and anterior (D3) views. E. Cranidium, GSC 30026, left lateral (E1), dorsal (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, GSC 30027, external view. G. Cranidium, GSC 30028, dorsal (G1) and slightly oblique right lateral (G2) views. H. Cranidium, GSC 30029, dorsal view. A–D × 5, E, G, H × 6, F × 7.5. Scale bars 1 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
herein), and GSC uous
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FF37827A0383FE89" box="[168,239,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">versus</emphasis>
somewhat irregular and noncontiguous (Fig. 30023–30029 (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FC44827B074EFE88" box="[987,1058,328,353]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1864,1884]" captionText="Fig. 5. Tulepyge paucituberculata (Fortey, 1983), from the Lower Ordovician of the Broom Point Member, Green Point Formation, Cow Head Group, conglomerate boulder BPS 496, Broom Point South section, western Newfoundland. A. Cranidium, GSC 69590, dorsal (A1), anterior (A2), right lateral (A3), and oblique (A4) views (original of Kindle, 1982: pl. 1.5: 22). B. Cranidium, GSC 30023, dorsal (B1) and anterior (B2) views. C. Cranidium, GSC 30024, dorsal (C1), anterior (C2), and right lateral (C3) views. D. Cranidium, GSC 30025, dorsal (D1), right lateral (D2), and anterior (D3) views. E. Cranidium, GSC 30026, left lateral (E1), dorsal (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, GSC 30027, external view. G. Cranidium, GSC 30028, dorsal (G1) and slightly oblique right lateral (G2) views. H. Cranidium, GSC 30029, dorsal view. A–D × 5, E, G, H × 6, F × 7.5. Scale bars 1 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), all from boulder BPS 496, Broom 5F), and longer pygidium with broader pleural areas and Point Member, Green Point Formation, Broom Point South more rounded,
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FE8E82BA0234FE49" box="[273,344,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">versus</emphasis>
strongly “V” shaped posterior margin section, Broom Point, western Newfoundland,
<collectingCountry id="A7DE767563086408FAA182BB06FAFE48" box="[1342,1430,392,417]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Canada</collectingCountry>
; colin dorsal view. lected by C.H. Kindle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563086408FF1382FA06A8FA42" blockId="8.[59,1485,232,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
Data emerging from study of well constrained, large, and
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FCB382E000CBFE03" box="[812,935,467,490]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Discussion</emphasis>
.—When
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FB8982E007DEFE02" author="Fortey, R. A." box="[1046,1202,466,491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="179 - 211" refId="ref6931" refString="Fortey, R. A. 1983. Cambrian - Ordovician trilobites from the boundary beds in western Newfoundland and their phylogenetic significance. Special Papers in Palaeontology 30: 179 - 211." type="journal article" year="1983">Fortey (1983)</bibRefCitation>
described the species he well preserved silicified samples of Upper Cambrian and based it on four illustrated specimens all from a single boul− Lower Ordovician species (
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FE07813B010BFDC8" author="Adrain, J. M. &amp; Westrop, S. R. &amp; Landing, E. &amp; Fortey, R. A." box="[408,615,520,545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="947 - 971" refId="ref6823" refString="Adrain, J. M., Westrop, S. R., Landing, E., and Fortey, R. A. 2001. Systematics of the Ordovician trilobites Ischyrotoma and Dimeropygiella, with species from the type Ibexian area, western U. S. A. Journal of Paleontology 75: 947 - 971." type="journal article" year="2001">Adrain et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
, 2003; Adrain der in the conglomerate Unit 57 of
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FB32812006A1FDC2" author="James, N. P. &amp; Stevens, R. K." box="[1197,1485,530,555]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref7261" refString="James, N. P. and Stevens, R. K. 1986. Stratigraphy and correlation of the Cambro-Ordovician Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 366: 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1986">James and Stevens (1986)</bibRefCitation>
and Westrop 2004, 2005, 2006) indicate that ranges of intra− at Broom Point South. He also assigned two cranidia which specific variation are much less than those often invoked in the he had illustrated previously (in
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FB0981600633FD82" author="Fortey, R. A. &amp; Landing, E. &amp; Skevington, D." box="[1174,1375,594,619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="95 - 129" refId="ref7077" refString="Fortey, R. A., Landing, E., and Skevington, D. 1982. Cambrian - Ordovician boundary sections in the Cow Head Group western Newfoundland. In: M. G. Bassett and W. T. Dean (eds.), The Cambrian - Ordovician Boundary. National Museums Wales Geology Series 3: 95 - 129." type="book chapter" year="1982">Fortey et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 3: 14, systematic trilobite literature. In this context, it is important to 17). One (ROM 39623; pl. 3: 14) was from a different boulnote that
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FF5081BA02E3FD48" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[207,399,649,673]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tulensis">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FF5081BA02E3FD48" box="[207,399,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Tulepyge tulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays genuine variation that is der in Unit 57 at Broom Point South, and the other (ROM quite striking, especially in the degree of development of dor− 39627; pl. 3: 17) from a boulder in the same bed at Broom sal cranidial tuberculate sculpture. This ranges from fairly Point North. From this latter boulder he also (Fortey et al. subdued in the
<typeStatus id="0072884763086408FE8D81DB021EFCE8" box="[274,370,744,769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen (Fig. 3A), with the tuber− 1982: pl. 3: 12, 15) figured a cranidium assigned to “
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FAEE81C103FDFCC8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Pseudocles</emphasis>
on the anterior border scarcely interrupting the arc of the
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FCB3802100C6FCC3" box="[812,938,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">hystricurus</emphasis>
sp. aff.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FB8B8020078BFCC2" authority="Ross." authorityName="Ross." box="[1044,1255,786,811]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Pseudohystricurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FB8B802007F0FCC3" box="[1044,1180,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">P. rotundus</emphasis>
Ross.
</taxonomicName>
” Fortey recognized anterior margin, through more coarsely tuberculate examples (1983: 186) that the cranidia thus assigned to
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FAD5800106A1FCA3" box="[1354,1485,818,842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">paucituber−</emphasis>
(Fig. 3B) with background tuberculation on the glabella in−
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FCB38061001EFC83" box="[812,882,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">culata</emphasis>
implied a wide range of variation in the expression of creased and the anterior margin of the anterior border clearly cranidial tuberculate sculpture. In the absence of other inforinterrupted by forwardly projecting tubercles, to extreme ex− mation, such a range would be worrisome in specimens deamples (Fig. 3C) in which the larger tubercles are extended rived from different source boulders. As discussed above, into very short conical spines and the anterior margin is ren− however, a similar range of variation is present in the same dered highly irregular by the spines. Variation in tubercle/ feature in the sample of
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FBAA80C007CAFBE3" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[1077,1190,1010,1034]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tulensis">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FBAA80C007CAFBE3" box="[1077,1190,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">T. tulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all of which is from a sinspine expression is common ontogenetically in densely tuber− gle tightly constrained
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FBB18720071FFBC3" box="[1070,1139,1043,1066]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">in situ</emphasis>
horizon. The amount of variaculate trilobites, with the typical trajectory from more coarsely tion in the Newfoundland species is confirmed by additional tuberculate to progressively less coarse with larger size. This material from a single boulder, BPS 496, illustrated in
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FA19876106A4FB82" box="[1414,1480,1106,1131]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1864,1884]" captionText="Fig. 5. Tulepyge paucituberculata (Fortey, 1983), from the Lower Ordovician of the Broom Point Member, Green Point Formation, Cow Head Group, conglomerate boulder BPS 496, Broom Point South section, western Newfoundland. A. Cranidium, GSC 69590, dorsal (A1), anterior (A2), right lateral (A3), and oblique (A4) views (original of Kindle, 1982: pl. 1.5: 22). B. Cranidium, GSC 30023, dorsal (B1) and anterior (B2) views. C. Cranidium, GSC 30024, dorsal (C1), anterior (C2), and right lateral (C3) views. D. Cranidium, GSC 30025, dorsal (D1), right lateral (D2), and anterior (D3) views. E. Cranidium, GSC 30026, left lateral (E1), dorsal (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, GSC 30027, external view. G. Cranidium, GSC 30028, dorsal (G1) and slightly oblique right lateral (G2) views. H. Cranidium, GSC 30029, dorsal view. A–D × 5, E, G, H × 6, F × 7.5. Scale bars 1 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, can be observed to a degree within
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FD84875A01FEFB68" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[539,658,1129,1153]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tulensis">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FD84875A01FEFB68" box="[539,658,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">T. tulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as small in which sculpture ranges from subdued (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FB658741063CFB62" box="[1274,1360,1138,1163]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1864,1884]" captionText="Fig. 5. Tulepyge paucituberculata (Fortey, 1983), from the Lower Ordovician of the Broom Point Member, Green Point Formation, Cow Head Group, conglomerate boulder BPS 496, Broom Point South section, western Newfoundland. A. Cranidium, GSC 69590, dorsal (A1), anterior (A2), right lateral (A3), and oblique (A4) views (original of Kindle, 1982: pl. 1.5: 22). B. Cranidium, GSC 30023, dorsal (B1) and anterior (B2) views. C. Cranidium, GSC 30024, dorsal (C1), anterior (C2), and right lateral (C3) views. D. Cranidium, GSC 30025, dorsal (D1), right lateral (D2), and anterior (D3) views. E. Cranidium, GSC 30026, left lateral (E1), dorsal (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, GSC 30027, external view. G. Cranidium, GSC 30028, dorsal (G1) and slightly oblique right lateral (G2) views. H. Cranidium, GSC 30029, dorsal view. A–D × 5, E, G, H × 6, F × 7.5. Scale bars 1 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FACF874E0635FB64" box="[1360,1369,1149,1165]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1178,1198]" captionTargetBox="[102,775,242,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-690@1.[102,776,242,1138]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Location of Section B (only the basal part of the section sampled herein is shown—Hintze’s (1951, 1953) section continues up the ravine to the northeast). Inset: position of Ibex area in Utah, and position of main detail map in the Tule Valley and southern House Range, south of US Highway 6 in Millard County." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651809/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
<subScript id="434D34A063086408FACF874E0635FB64" attach="left" box="[1360,1369,1149,1165]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) to coarse cranidia (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FF5087BB022BFB48" box="[207,327,1160,1185]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[102,135,1596,1616]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,235,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[102,1486,235,1565]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Tulepyge tulensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah. A. Cranidium, SUI 100178, dorsal (A1), left lateral (A2), and anterior (A3) views. B. Cranidium, SUI 100179, dorsal (B1), left lateral (B2), and anterior (B3) views. C. Cranidium, SUI 100180, dorsal (C1), left lateral (C2), and anterior (C3) views. D. Cranidium, SUI 100181, dorsal (D1), anterior (D2), and left lateral (D3) views. E. Cranidium, SUI 100182, dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, SUI 100183, external view. G. Right librigena, SUI 100184, external view. H. Right librigena, SUI 100185, external view. I. Left librigena, SUI 100186, internal (I1) and external (I2) views. J. Left librigena, SUI 100187, external view. K. Pygidium, SUI 100188, ventral (K1), right lateral (K2), dorsal (K3), and posterior (K4) views. L. Right librigena, SUI 100189, external view. M. Right librigena, SUI 100190, external view. N. Right librigena, SUI 100191, ventrolateral (N1) and external (N2) views. O. Pygidium, SUI 100192, dorsal (O1), posterior (O2), and left lateral (O3) views. P. Pygidium, SUI 100193, dorsal (P1), posterior (P2), and left lateral (P3) views. Q. Pygidium, SUI 100194, dorsal (Q1), posterior (Q2), and right lateral (Q3) views. R. Pygidium, SUI 100195, dorsal (R1), right lateral (R2), and posterior (R3) views. All × 10, except C, H × 12, D, I, L, R × 15, and E × 20. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651817/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 4B–D</figureCitation>
) are uniformly strongly tuberculate and (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FCAA87A100E1FB42" box="[821,909,1170,1195]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1864,1884]" captionText="Fig. 5. Tulepyge paucituberculata (Fortey, 1983), from the Lower Ordovician of the Broom Point Member, Green Point Formation, Cow Head Group, conglomerate boulder BPS 496, Broom Point South section, western Newfoundland. A. Cranidium, GSC 69590, dorsal (A1), anterior (A2), right lateral (A3), and oblique (A4) views (original of Kindle, 1982: pl. 1.5: 22). B. Cranidium, GSC 30023, dorsal (B1) and anterior (B2) views. C. Cranidium, GSC 30024, dorsal (C1), anterior (C2), and right lateral (C3) views. D. Cranidium, GSC 30025, dorsal (D1), right lateral (D2), and anterior (D3) views. E. Cranidium, GSC 30026, left lateral (E1), dorsal (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, GSC 30027, external view. G. Cranidium, GSC 30028, dorsal (G1) and slightly oblique right lateral (G2) views. H. Cranidium, GSC 30029, dorsal view. A–D × 5, E, G, H × 6, F × 7.5. Scale bars 1 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FC1287AE00FAFB44" box="[909,918,1181,1197]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1178,1198]" captionTargetBox="[102,775,242,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-690@1.[102,776,242,1138]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Location of Section B (only the basal part of the section sampled herein is shown—Hintze’s (1951, 1953) section continues up the ravine to the northeast). Inset: position of Ibex area in Utah, and position of main detail map in the Tule Valley and southern House Range, south of US Highway 6 in Millard County." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651809/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
<subScript id="434D34A063086408FC1287AE00FAFB44" attach="left" box="[909,918,1181,1197]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). Given this range of variation, the cranidium asonly larger cranidia (Fig. 3A, F, H) have subdued sculpture. signed by
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FC038780075CFB22" author="Fortey, R. A. &amp; Landing, E. &amp; Skevington, D." box="[924,1072,1202,1227]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="95 - 129" refId="ref7077" refString="Fortey, R. A., Landing, E., and Skevington, D. 1982. Cambrian - Ordovician boundary sections in the Cow Head Group western Newfoundland. In: M. G. Bassett and W. T. Dean (eds.), The Cambrian - Ordovician Boundary. National Museums Wales Geology Series 3: 95 - 129." type="book chapter" year="1982">Fortey (1982</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 3: 12, 15) to “
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FB6F878106ACFB23" authority="However" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1951" box="[1264,1472,1202,1226]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Pseudohystricurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FB6F878106ACFB23" box="[1264,1472,1202,1226]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Pseudohystricurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” However, the cranidia illustrated in Fig. 3A–C are of nearly seems also to represent
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FBAD87E00661FB03" baseAuthorityName="Fortey" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1074,1293,1234,1258]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucituberculata">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FBAD87E00661FB03" box="[1074,1293,1234,1258]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">T. paucituberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to which it is reidentical large size and the variation in large holaspid sculp− assigned herein.
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FC7187C007E0FAE2" author="Fortey, R. A." box="[1006,1164,1266,1291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="179 - 211" refId="ref6931" refString="Fortey, R. A. 1983. Cambrian - Ordovician trilobites from the boundary beds in western Newfoundland and their phylogenetic significance. Special Papers in Palaeontology 30: 179 - 211." type="journal article" year="1983">Fortey (1983)</bibRefCitation>
assigned a cranidium illusture is real. As reflected by the ratios reported in the above de− trated by
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FC068621075FFAC2" author="Kindle, C. H." box="[921,1075,1298,1323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref7300" refString="Kindle, C. H. 1982. The C. H. Kindle Collection: Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician trilobites from the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 82 - 1 C: 1 - 17." type="book chapter" year="1982">Kindle (1982</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 1.5: 22) with question to
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FA1A862003A4FAA8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">pauciscription</emphasis>
, librigenae vary quite widely in their dimensions,
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FCB3860100C1FAA3" box="[812,941,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">tuberculata</emphasis>
. This specimen is refigured herein (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FAD9860106CDFAA2" box="[1350,1441,1330,1355]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1864,1884]" captionText="Fig. 5. Tulepyge paucituberculata (Fortey, 1983), from the Lower Ordovician of the Broom Point Member, Green Point Formation, Cow Head Group, conglomerate boulder BPS 496, Broom Point South section, western Newfoundland. A. Cranidium, GSC 69590, dorsal (A1), anterior (A2), right lateral (A3), and oblique (A4) views (original of Kindle, 1982: pl. 1.5: 22). B. Cranidium, GSC 30023, dorsal (B1) and anterior (B2) views. C. Cranidium, GSC 30024, dorsal (C1), anterior (C2), and right lateral (C3) views. D. Cranidium, GSC 30025, dorsal (D1), right lateral (D2), and anterior (D3) views. E. Cranidium, GSC 30026, left lateral (E1), dorsal (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, GSC 30027, external view. G. Cranidium, GSC 30028, dorsal (G1) and slightly oblique right lateral (G2) views. H. Cranidium, GSC 30029, dorsal view. A–D × 5, E, G, H × 6, F × 7.5. Scale bars 1 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). It, mostly obviously in the width of the field. Pygidia vary in their too, falls clearly within the range of sculptural variation conrelative sagittal length, and in the shape in dorsal view of the firmed by multiple specimens from the same boulder illusposterior margin, ranging from more arcuate (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FDE586BB01B8FA48" box="[634,724,1416,1441]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[102,135,1596,1616]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,235,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[102,1486,235,1565]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Tulepyge tulensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah. A. Cranidium, SUI 100178, dorsal (A1), left lateral (A2), and anterior (A3) views. B. Cranidium, SUI 100179, dorsal (B1), left lateral (B2), and anterior (B3) views. C. Cranidium, SUI 100180, dorsal (C1), left lateral (C2), and anterior (C3) views. D. Cranidium, SUI 100181, dorsal (D1), anterior (D2), and left lateral (D3) views. E. Cranidium, SUI 100182, dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, SUI 100183, external view. G. Right librigena, SUI 100184, external view. H. Right librigena, SUI 100185, external view. I. Left librigena, SUI 100186, internal (I1) and external (I2) views. J. Left librigena, SUI 100187, external view. K. Pygidium, SUI 100188, ventral (K1), right lateral (K2), dorsal (K3), and posterior (K4) views. L. Right librigena, SUI 100189, external view. M. Right librigena, SUI 100190, external view. N. Right librigena, SUI 100191, ventrolateral (N1) and external (N2) views. O. Pygidium, SUI 100192, dorsal (O1), posterior (O2), and left lateral (O3) views. P. Pygidium, SUI 100193, dorsal (P1), posterior (P2), and left lateral (P3) views. Q. Pygidium, SUI 100194, dorsal (Q1), posterior (Q2), and right lateral (Q3) views. R. Pygidium, SUI 100195, dorsal (R1), right lateral (R2), and posterior (R3) views. All × 10, except C, H × 12, D, I, L, R × 15, and E × 20. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651817/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 4O</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FD4B86A701B1FA4D" box="[724,733,1428,1444]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1178,1198]" captionTargetBox="[102,775,242,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-690@1.[102,776,242,1138]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Location of Section B (only the basal part of the section sampled herein is shown—Hintze’s (1951, 1953) section continues up the ravine to the northeast). Inset: position of Ibex area in Utah, and position of main detail map in the Tule Valley and southern House Range, south of US Highway 6 in Millard County." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651809/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
<subScript id="434D34A063086408FD4B86A701B1FA4D" attach="left" box="[724,733,1428,1444]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) to trated in
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FC0F86A100BFFA42" box="[912,979,1426,1451]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1864,1884]" captionText="Fig. 5. Tulepyge paucituberculata (Fortey, 1983), from the Lower Ordovician of the Broom Point Member, Green Point Formation, Cow Head Group, conglomerate boulder BPS 496, Broom Point South section, western Newfoundland. A. Cranidium, GSC 69590, dorsal (A1), anterior (A2), right lateral (A3), and oblique (A4) views (original of Kindle, 1982: pl. 1.5: 22). B. Cranidium, GSC 30023, dorsal (B1) and anterior (B2) views. C. Cranidium, GSC 30024, dorsal (C1), anterior (C2), and right lateral (C3) views. D. Cranidium, GSC 30025, dorsal (D1), right lateral (D2), and anterior (D3) views. E. Cranidium, GSC 30026, left lateral (E1), dorsal (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, GSC 30027, external view. G. Cranidium, GSC 30028, dorsal (G1) and slightly oblique right lateral (G2) views. H. Cranidium, GSC 30029, dorsal view. A–D × 5, E, G, H × 6, F × 7.5. Scale bars 1 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, and doubt about its assignment is removed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563086408FFF9869A07C5F9F0" blockId="8.[59,1485,232,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
more “V” shaped (
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FEDB869B02F2FA28" box="[324,414,1448,1473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[102,135,1596,1616]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,235,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[102,1486,235,1565]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Tulepyge tulensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Barn Canyon Member, House Formation (lower Skullrockian), Section B 1.1 m, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah. A. Cranidium, SUI 100178, dorsal (A1), left lateral (A2), and anterior (A3) views. B. Cranidium, SUI 100179, dorsal (B1), left lateral (B2), and anterior (B3) views. C. Cranidium, SUI 100180, dorsal (C1), left lateral (C2), and anterior (C3) views. D. Cranidium, SUI 100181, dorsal (D1), anterior (D2), and left lateral (D3) views. E. Cranidium, SUI 100182, dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, SUI 100183, external view. G. Right librigena, SUI 100184, external view. H. Right librigena, SUI 100185, external view. I. Left librigena, SUI 100186, internal (I1) and external (I2) views. J. Left librigena, SUI 100187, external view. K. Pygidium, SUI 100188, ventral (K1), right lateral (K2), dorsal (K3), and posterior (K4) views. L. Right librigena, SUI 100189, external view. M. Right librigena, SUI 100190, external view. N. Right librigena, SUI 100191, ventrolateral (N1) and external (N2) views. O. Pygidium, SUI 100192, dorsal (O1), posterior (O2), and left lateral (O3) views. P. Pygidium, SUI 100193, dorsal (P1), posterior (P2), and left lateral (P3) views. Q. Pygidium, SUI 100194, dorsal (Q1), posterior (Q2), and right lateral (Q3) views. R. Pygidium, SUI 100195, dorsal (R1), right lateral (R2), and posterior (R3) views. All × 10, except C, H × 12, D, I, L, R × 15, and E × 20. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651817/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
<subScript id="434D34A063086408FE01868702CBFA2D" attach="left" box="[414,423,1460,1476]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">3</subScript>
), though none approaches the strong “V” shape of the only known pygidium of
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FD3E86FA0388F9E8" baseAuthorityName="Fortey" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucituberculata">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FD3E86FA0388F9E8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">T. paucituberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FF6D86DB0212F9E8" author="Fortey, R. A." box="[242,382,1512,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="179 - 211" refId="ref6931" refString="Fortey, R. A. 1983. Cambrian - Ordovician trilobites from the boundary beds in western Newfoundland and their phylogenetic significance. Special Papers in Palaeontology 30: 179 - 211." type="journal article" year="1983">Fortey 1983</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 23: 5). Acknowledgements
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97D3656E63086408FFF9851606A1F9B9" box="[102,1485,1572,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DF7636E563086408FFF985160112F9A9" blockId="8.[59,1485,232,1844]" box="[102,638,1572,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FFF985160112F9A9" ID-CoL="7D9MN" authority="(Fortey, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Fortey" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[102,638,1572,1601]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Tulepyge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucituberculata">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FFF9851602D1F9A8" box="[102,445,1573,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Tulepyge paucituberculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FE5185170118F9A9" author="Fortey, R. A." box="[462,628,1572,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="179 - 211" refId="ref6931" refString="Fortey, R. A. 1983. Cambrian - Ordovician trilobites from the boundary beds in western Newfoundland and their phylogenetic significance. Special Papers in Palaeontology 30: 179 - 211." type="journal article" year="1983">Fortey, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563086408FCB3850806A1F9B9" blockId="8.[59,1485,232,1844]" box="[812,1485,1595,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
<materialsCitation id="6FA13CB863086408FCB3850806A1F9B9" box="[812,1485,1595,1616]" country="United States of America" location="Iowa" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Iowa">
We are grateful to Tiffany Adrain (University of
<collectingRegion id="1D0DF80763086408FB6B85080649F9B9" box="[1268,1317,1595,1616]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Iowa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="1D0DF80763086408FAB185080631F9B9" box="[1326,1373,1595,1616]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Iowa</collectingRegion>
City,
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)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97D3656E63086408FFF9857F033BF8DD" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF7636E563086408FFF9857F03C8F988" blockId="8.[59,1485,232,1844]" box="[102,164,1612,1633]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
<figureCitation id="47F22A6063086408FFF9857F03CCF988" box="[102,160,1612,1633]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1864,1884]" captionText="Fig. 5. Tulepyge paucituberculata (Fortey, 1983), from the Lower Ordovician of the Broom Point Member, Green Point Formation, Cow Head Group, conglomerate boulder BPS 496, Broom Point South section, western Newfoundland. A. Cranidium, GSC 69590, dorsal (A1), anterior (A2), right lateral (A3), and oblique (A4) views (original of Kindle, 1982: pl. 1.5: 22). B. Cranidium, GSC 30023, dorsal (B1) and anterior (B2) views. C. Cranidium, GSC 30024, dorsal (C1), anterior (C2), and right lateral (C3) views. D. Cranidium, GSC 30025, dorsal (D1), right lateral (D2), and anterior (D3) views. E. Cranidium, GSC 30026, left lateral (E1), dorsal (E2), and anterior (E3) views. F. Right librigena, GSC 30027, external view. G. Cranidium, GSC 30028, dorsal (G1) and slightly oblique right lateral (G2) views. H. Cranidium, GSC 30029, dorsal view. A–D × 5, E, G, H × 6, F × 7.5. Scale bars 1 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563086408FCB3856406C6F8FD" blockId="8.[59,1485,232,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
for assistance with SUI numbers, to Jean Dougherty (Geological Survey 1982
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FF038540025CF961" box="[156,304,1651,1672]" class="Trilobita" family="Hystricuridae" genus="Hystricurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulacopleurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FF0385400261F961" box="[156,269,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Hystricurus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FEA5854002DAF961" author="Kindle, C. H." box="[314,438,1651,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref7300" refString="Kindle, C. H. 1982. The C. H. Kindle Collection: Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician trilobites from the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 82 - 1 C: 1 - 17." type="book chapter" year="1982">Kindle 1982</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 1.5: 22. of
<collectingCountry id="A7DE767563086408FCD7854000FDF961" box="[840,913,1651,1672]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Canada</collectingCountry>
, Vancouver) for GSC numbers and for arranging a loan of 1982
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FF0385BC0261F94D" authorityName="Adrain &amp; Westrop" authorityYear="2006" box="[156,269,1679,1700]" class="Trilobita" family="Hystricuridae" genus="Hystricurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulacopleurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FF0385BC0261F94D" box="[156,269,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Hystricurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F68E578C63086408FE8C85BC020EF94D" box="[275,354,1679,1700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; Fortey in
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FE5685BC01CAF94D" author="Fortey, R. A. &amp; Landing, E. &amp; Skevington, D." box="[457,678,1679,1700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="95 - 129" refId="ref7077" refString="Fortey, R. A., Landing, E., and Skevington, D. 1982. Cambrian - Ordovician boundary sections in the Cow Head Group western Newfoundland. In: M. G. Bassett and W. T. Dean (eds.), The Cambrian - Ordovician Boundary. National Museums Wales Geology Series 3: 95 - 129." type="book chapter" year="1982">Fortey et al. 1982: 108</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 3: 14, GSC 69590, and to Brian D.E. Chatterton (University of
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, Ed− 17. monton,
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), Gregory D. Edgecombe (Australian Museum, Syd− 1982
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FF0385F4021DF935" box="[156,369,1735,1756]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Pseudohystricurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FF0385F40223F935" box="[156,335,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Pseudohystricurus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
aff.
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FE0185F4012BF935" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" box="[414,583,1735,1756]" class="Trilobita" family="Dimeropygidae" genus="Pseudohystricurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proetida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FE0185F402C1F935" box="[414,429,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FE2685F40162F935" box="[441,526,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">rotundus</emphasis>
Ross
</taxonomicName>
; Fortey in Fortey et ney), and Richard A. Fortey (Natural History Museum, London,
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) for al. 1982: 113, pl. 3: 12, 15. helpful reviews. Preparation of the paper was supported by (
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) Na− 1983
<taxonomicName id="18C94D6663086408FF0385CC0101F8FD" authority="Fortey 1983: 185" authorityName="Fortey" authorityPageNumber="185" authorityYear="1983" box="[156,621,1791,1812]" class="Trilobita" family="Hystricuridae" genus="Hystricurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulacopleurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucituberculatus">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FF0385CC02ACF8FD" box="[156,448,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Hystricurus paucituberculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BB584B1463086408FE5985CC0101F8FD" author="Fortey, R. A." box="[454,621,1791,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" pagination="179 - 211" refId="ref6931" refString="Fortey, R. A. 1983. Cambrian - Ordovician trilobites from the boundary beds in western Newfoundland and their phylogenetic significance. Special Papers in Palaeontology 30: 179 - 211." type="journal article" year="1983">Fortey 1983: 185</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 23: 1–7. tional Science Foundation grants EAR 9973065 and EAR 0308685.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7636E563086408FFA48428033BF8DD" blockId="8.[59,1485,232,1844]" box="[59,87,1819,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
<emphasis id="EDBDEAF763086408FFA48428033BF8DD" box="[59,87,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Ą</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>