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<document id="21228197A0DA8A44DB4956825904BCDE" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.8" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13638497" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725340181658" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Reichardt, Erwin" docDate="2015" docId="03DB226AFFE8FF80FF18FF4706B2FB5B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.203.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 203 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Gomphonema curatorum E. Reichardt 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="189" masterDocId="FFE25A12FFECFF84FF90FFDA077CFFF3" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the genus Gomphonema (Bacillariophyceae) from Guayabo Waterfall, Cuba" masterLastPageNumber="191" masterPageNumber="185" pageNumber="189" updateTime="1725346072534" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0B1721785135A068586A9AB67FBCBCF4">Two new species of the genus Gomphonema (Bacillariophyceae) from Guayabo Waterfall, Cuba</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="46F7EAE2EC42B9B938337E92ABAEAAE6">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9CD83F48ED63C2794172A4B7A3A615F7">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DB226AFFE8FF80FF18FF4706B2FB5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638481" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13638481" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB226AFFE8FF80FF18FF4706B2FB5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB226AFFE8FF80FF18FF4706B2FB5B" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
<subSubSection id="C368C0F7FFE8FF80FF18FF470677FE0F" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCD937CFFE8FF80FF18FF470436FF4B" blockId="4.[136,842,157,184]" box="[136,842,157,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
<heading id="D0852410FFE8FF80FF18FF470436FF4B" bold="true" box="[136,842,157,184]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FF18FF470436FF4B" bold="true" box="[136,842,157,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FF18FF470534FF4B" authority="E.Reichardt" authorityName="E. Reichardt" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,584,157,184]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="curatorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FF18FF4706D1FF4B" bold="true" box="[136,429,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Gomphonema curatorum</emphasis>
E.Reichardt
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FDC4FF4405D6FF4B" bold="true" box="[596,682,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235F215FFE8FF80FDC4FF4405D6FF4B" box="[596,682,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFE8FF80FD29FF45043EFF4B" box="[697,834,159,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–34" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[170,1416,190,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15–34. Gomphonema curatorum sp. nov. LM and SEM images from the type population. 15–27. LM images. 15. Initial valve. 18. Holotype specimen. 27. Girdle view. 28–34. SEM images. 28. Internal view of an entire valve. 29. External view of an entire frustule, tilted 40°. 30. External view of footpole with pore field. 31. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli without stubs or struts and curved proximal raphe fissures. 32. External view of the central part of a valve tilted 40° showing foramina and depressions near the central raphe endings. 33. External view of the central part of a valve lacking depressions in the central area. 34. External view of headpole, foramina at the border of the axial area strongly C-shaped. Scale bar (SEM) = 2 μm, except Figs. 28 &amp; 29, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638503/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Figs. 15–34</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD937CFFE8FF80FF18FF3D0677FE0F" blockId="4.[136,1452,231,1192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Cells in girdle view barely clavate, nearly rectangular, mantles without additional structures except for the endings of the transapical striae. Valves only slightly gomphonemoid-cuneate, lanceolate with obtusely rounded ends. Larger valves somewhat inflated at mid-valve. Length 31–72 μm, width 6–9 μm (initial valves up to 13 μm). Raphe lateral, external fissures weakly arched to nearly straight, internal fissures slightly more arched. External and internal central raphe endings clearly distinguishable, the latter wider apart and deflected to the same side. Axial and central area combined to form a broad lanceolate hyaline field. No stigmoid present in central area. Striae slightly radiate to nearly parallel, 9–12 (mostly 10–12) in 10 μm, more densely spaced near the foot pole. Areolae in striae difficult to distinguish.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C368C0F7FFE8FF80FF2DFDDD07C9FD27" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCD937CFFE8FF80FF2DFDDD07C9FD27" blockId="4.[136,1452,231,1192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
In SEM most ultrastructural details correspond to
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FD74FDDD04F5FDD3" authorityName="E. Reichardt" authorityYear="2015" box="[740,905,519,544]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guayabense">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FD74FDDD04F5FDD3" box="[740,905,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">G. guayabense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFE8FF80FC07FDDD0360FDD3" box="[919,1052,519,544]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–34" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[170,1416,190,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15–34. Gomphonema curatorum sp. nov. LM and SEM images from the type population. 15–27. LM images. 15. Initial valve. 18. Holotype specimen. 27. Girdle view. 28–34. SEM images. 28. Internal view of an entire valve. 29. External view of an entire frustule, tilted 40°. 30. External view of footpole with pore field. 31. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli without stubs or struts and curved proximal raphe fissures. 32. External view of the central part of a valve tilted 40° showing foramina and depressions near the central raphe endings. 33. External view of the central part of a valve lacking depressions in the central area. 34. External view of headpole, foramina at the border of the axial area strongly C-shaped. Scale bar (SEM) = 2 μm, except Figs. 28 &amp; 29, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638503/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Figs. 28–34</figureCitation>
) but
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FBC4FDDD0397FDD3" authorityName="E. Reichardt" authorityYear="2015" box="[1108,1259,519,544]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="curatorum">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FBC4FDDD0397FDD3" box="[1108,1259,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">G. curatorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks the granula present at the edge of the valve face/mantle junction in
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FC82FDF104C7FDB7" authorityName="E. Reichardt" authorityYear="2015" box="[786,955,555,580]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guayabense">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FC82FDF104C7FDB7" box="[786,955,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">G. guayabense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFE8FF80FC5DFDF103D2FDB7" box="[973,1198,555,580]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–34" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[170,1416,190,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15–34. Gomphonema curatorum sp. nov. LM and SEM images from the type population. 15–27. LM images. 15. Initial valve. 18. Holotype specimen. 27. Girdle view. 28–34. SEM images. 28. Internal view of an entire valve. 29. External view of an entire frustule, tilted 40°. 30. External view of footpole with pore field. 31. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli without stubs or struts and curved proximal raphe fissures. 32. External view of the central part of a valve tilted 40° showing foramina and depressions near the central raphe endings. 33. External view of the central part of a valve lacking depressions in the central area. 34. External view of headpole, foramina at the border of the axial area strongly C-shaped. Scale bar (SEM) = 2 μm, except Figs. 28 &amp; 29, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638503/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Figs. 29–30, 32–34</figureCitation>
) and the pore field at the foot pole is clearly smaller (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFE8FF80FE67FD950532FD9B" box="[503,590,591,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–34" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[170,1416,190,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15–34. Gomphonema curatorum sp. nov. LM and SEM images from the type population. 15–27. LM images. 15. Initial valve. 18. Holotype specimen. 27. Girdle view. 28–34. SEM images. 28. Internal view of an entire valve. 29. External view of an entire frustule, tilted 40°. 30. External view of footpole with pore field. 31. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli without stubs or struts and curved proximal raphe fissures. 32. External view of the central part of a valve tilted 40° showing foramina and depressions near the central raphe endings. 33. External view of the central part of a valve lacking depressions in the central area. 34. External view of headpole, foramina at the border of the axial area strongly C-shaped. Scale bar (SEM) = 2 μm, except Figs. 28 &amp; 29, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638503/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). The foramina in the axial area are often more clearly C-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFE8FF80FAD7FD9507D9FD7F" captionStart="FIGURES 15–34" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[170,1416,190,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15–34. Gomphonema curatorum sp. nov. LM and SEM images from the type population. 15–27. LM images. 15. Initial valve. 18. Holotype specimen. 27. Girdle view. 28–34. SEM images. 28. Internal view of an entire valve. 29. External view of an entire frustule, tilted 40°. 30. External view of footpole with pore field. 31. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli without stubs or struts and curved proximal raphe fissures. 32. External view of the central part of a valve tilted 40° showing foramina and depressions near the central raphe endings. 33. External view of the central part of a valve lacking depressions in the central area. 34. External view of headpole, foramina at the border of the axial area strongly C-shaped. Scale bar (SEM) = 2 μm, except Figs. 28 &amp; 29, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638503/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Figs. 32, 34</figureCitation>
) and roundish to kidney-shaped depressions can be present around the external central raphe endings (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFE8FF80FAD8FDA902E3FD7F" box="[1352,1439,627,652]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–34" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[170,1416,190,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15–34. Gomphonema curatorum sp. nov. LM and SEM images from the type population. 15–27. LM images. 15. Initial valve. 18. Holotype specimen. 27. Girdle view. 28–34. SEM images. 28. Internal view of an entire valve. 29. External view of an entire frustule, tilted 40°. 30. External view of footpole with pore field. 31. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli without stubs or struts and curved proximal raphe fissures. 32. External view of the central part of a valve tilted 40° showing foramina and depressions near the central raphe endings. 33. External view of the central part of a valve lacking depressions in the central area. 34. External view of headpole, foramina at the border of the axial area strongly C-shaped. Scale bar (SEM) = 2 μm, except Figs. 28 &amp; 29, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638503/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). Helictoglossa at the internal distal raphe endings only slightly or inconspicuously shifted to the secondary side (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFE8FF80FAEEFD4D07D4FD27" captionStart="FIGURES 15–34" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[170,1416,190,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15–34. Gomphonema curatorum sp. nov. LM and SEM images from the type population. 15–27. LM images. 15. Initial valve. 18. Holotype specimen. 27. Girdle view. 28–34. SEM images. 28. Internal view of an entire valve. 29. External view of an entire frustule, tilted 40°. 30. External view of footpole with pore field. 31. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli without stubs or struts and curved proximal raphe fissures. 32. External view of the central part of a valve tilted 40° showing foramina and depressions near the central raphe endings. 33. External view of the central part of a valve lacking depressions in the central area. 34. External view of headpole, foramina at the border of the axial area strongly C-shaped. Scale bar (SEM) = 2 μm, except Figs. 28 &amp; 29, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638503/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C368C0F7FFE8FF80FF2DFD050427FCB3" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCD937CFFE8FF80FF2DFD050427FCB3" blockId="4.[136,1452,231,1192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FF2DFD050662FD0B" bold="true" box="[189,286,735,760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Type:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1A9921FFE8FF80FE8DFD05042BFCB3" collectingDate="2003-09-06" collectionCode="BRM" collectorName="Coll. Reichardt &amp; Botanical Museum Berlin &amp; Zu &amp; Hustedt Collection &amp; Bremerhaven" country="Cuba" location="Salto del Guayabo. From" municipality="Andreas Muller" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" specimenCode="T02" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F365D3ECFFE8FF80FE8DFD050612FD0B" box="[285,366,735,760]" name="Cuba" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">CUBA</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8EADC5A7FFE8FF80FEEBFD0505E0FD0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB226AFFE8FF80FF18FF4706B2FB5B:8EADC5A7FFE8FF80FEEBFD0505E0FD0B" box="[379,668,735,760]" country="Cuba" municipality="Andreas Muller" name="Salto del Guayabo. From" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Salto del Guayabo. From</location>
mosses,
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FC97FD0503E9FD0B" box="[775,1173,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA90906FFE8FF80FC97FD0504C4FD0B" box="[775,952,735,760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Andreas Müller</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FFCCB5BCFFE8FF80FC56FD0503E9FD0B" box="[966,1173,735,760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" value="2003-09-06">
<collectingDate id="EF884C54FFE8FF80FC56FD0503E9FD0B" box="[966,1173,735,760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" value="2003-09-06">6 September 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
</emphasis>
.
<collectorName id="2687F6AAFFE8FF80FB35FD05022FFD0B" box="[1189,1363,735,760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Coll. Reichardt</collectorName>
sample S2450 (
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,
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(B),
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represented by
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFE8FF80FAC2FCD902DBFCEF" box="[1362,1447,771,796]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–34" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[170,1416,190,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15–34. Gomphonema curatorum sp. nov. LM and SEM images from the type population. 15–27. LM images. 15. Initial valve. 18. Holotype specimen. 27. Girdle view. 28–34. SEM images. 28. Internal view of an entire valve. 29. External view of an entire frustule, tilted 40°. 30. External view of footpole with pore field. 31. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli without stubs or struts and curved proximal raphe fissures. 32. External view of the central part of a valve tilted 40° showing foramina and depressions near the central raphe endings. 33. External view of the central part of a valve lacking depressions in the central area. 34. External view of headpole, foramina at the border of the axial area strongly C-shaped. Scale bar (SEM) = 2 μm, except Figs. 28 &amp; 29, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638503/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
;
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slide
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9/99,
<collectorName id="2687F6AAFFE8FF80FEEBFCFD052DFCB3" box="[379,593,807,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Hustedt Collection</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2687F6AAFFE8FF80FDCCFCFD058FFCB3" box="[604,755,807,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Bremerhaven</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED630BB9FFE8FF80FC91FCFD0438FCB3" box="[769,836,807,832]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14903" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14903" name="Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="Herbarium">BRM</collectionCode>
))
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C368C0F7FFE8FF80FF2DFC9104C9FC7B" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCD937CFFE8FF80FF2DFC9104C9FC7B" blockId="4.[136,1452,231,1192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FF2DFC910618FC97" bold="true" box="[189,356,843,868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Etymology:—</emphasis>
This taxon is dedicated to all curators of diatom collections, especially to Friedel Hinz, curator of the Friedrich Hustedt-collection at Bremerhaven (BRM) for many years.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C368C0F7FFE8FF80FF2DFC4906B2FB5B" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCD937CFFE8FF80FF2DFC4906B2FB5B" blockId="4.[136,1452,231,1192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FF2DFC490571FC5F" bold="true" box="[189,525,915,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Distribution and Ecology:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FD9EFC490449FC5F" authorityName="E. Reichardt" authorityYear="2015" box="[526,821,915,940]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guayabense">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FD9EFC490449FC5F" box="[526,821,915,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Gomphonema guayabense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FCFAFC49037EFC5F" authorityName="E. Reichardt" authorityYear="2015" box="[874,1026,915,940]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="curatorum">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FCFAFC49037EFC5F" box="[874,1026,915,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">G. curatorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are only known from the
<typeStatus id="54C92DDEFFE8FF80FAB1FC49022DFC5F" box="[1313,1361,915,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
locality so far. The diatom flora of the
<typeStatus id="54C92DDEFFE8FF80FE79FC6D0565FC23" box="[489,537,951,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
material is dominated by species of the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FBACFC6D066AFC07" authority=", Encyonema and Encyonopsis" authorityName="Encyonema and Encyonopsis" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FBACFC6D066AFC07" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Achnanthidium, Encyonema and Encyonopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which often occur with strong appearance in semi aquatic habitats like trickled mosses (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3EE8DFFE8FF80FB7FFC0102DCFC07" author="Reichardt, E." box="[1263,1440,987,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" pagination="5 - 28" refId="ref3380" refString="Reichardt, E. (2011) Beitrag zur Diatomeenflora (Bacillariophyceae) des Paterzeller Eibenwaldes. Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 81: 5 - 28." type="journal article" year="2011">Reichardt 2011</bibRefCitation>
). However, there is a remarkable occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FD0CFC250227FBEB" authority="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Moser (1994: 17)" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Moser" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1994" box="[668,1371,1023,1048]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Brachysiraceae" genus="Brachysira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="australofollis">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FD0CFC2504CBFBEB" box="[668,951,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Brachysira australofollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3EE8DFFE8FF80FC50FC250227FBEB" author="Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Moser, G." box="[960,1371,1023,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 212" refId="ref3094" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Moser, G. (1994) Brachysira, Monographie der Gattung. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 29: 1 - 212." type="journal article" year="1994">Lange-Bertalot &amp; Moser (1994: 17)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in this sample, constituting about 6% of the diatom population.
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FD6FFBF9036BFBCF" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Moser" authorityYear="1994" box="[767,1047,1059,1084]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Brachysiraceae" genus="Brachysira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="australofollis">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FD6FFBF9036BFBCF" box="[767,1047,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Brachysira australofollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from
<collectingCountry id="F365D3ECFFE8FF80FB6FFBF902D0FBCF" box="[1279,1452,1059,1084]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
and was found there associated with diatoms like e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FC93FB9D04C4FB93" box="[771,952,1095,1120]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Brachysiraceae" genus="Brachysira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FC93FB9D0403FB93" box="[771,895,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Brachysira</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFE8FF80FC65FB9D03EAFB93" box="[1013,1174,1095,1120]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Amphipleuraceae" genus="Frustulia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFE8FF80FC65FB9D0321FB93" box="[1013,1117,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Frustulia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
indicating acidic water. Diatoms of these genera are also present in the sample from Salto del Guayabo,
<collectingCountry id="F365D3ECFFE8FF80FBB1FBB1031CFB77" box="[1057,1120,1131,1156]" name="Cuba" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Cuba</collectingCountry>
. Therefore similar ecological conditions can be postulated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

160
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@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
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<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFEDFF85FF18FE0E0528FE1C" authority="E.Reichardt" authorityName="E. Reichardt" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,596,468,495]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guayabense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFEDFF85FF18FE0E06C5FE1C" bold="true" box="[136,441,468,495]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Gomphonema guayabense</emphasis>
E.Reichardt
</taxonomicName>
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235F215FFEDFF85FDF0FE0E05CBFE1D" box="[608,695,468,494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEDFF85FD56FE0C043CFE1C" box="[710,832,470,495]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–8" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId-0="1.[136,243,1825,1846]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1434,537,1771]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId-0="figure-82@1.[151,1436,536,1808]" captionTargetId-1="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–8. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. LM images from the type population. 1. Holotype specimen. 8. Girdle view." captionText-1="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638499" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13638499/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Figs. 1–14</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0DC3F4FFEDFF85FF18F8FB0224F8C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13638499" box="[136,1368,1825,1846]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638499/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" startId="1.[136,243,1825,1846]" targetBox="[166,1434,537,1771]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCD937CFFEDFF85FF18F8FB0224F8C5" blockId="1.[136,1368,1825,1846]" box="[136,1368,1825,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFEDFF85FF18F8FB065FF8C5" bold="true" box="[136,291,1825,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">FIGURES 1–8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFEDFF85FEB9F8FB055AF8C5" authorityName="E. Reichardt" authorityYear="2015" box="[297,550,1825,1846]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemaceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="guayabense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFEDFF85FEB9F8FB055AF8C5" box="[297,550,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">Gomphonema guayabense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235F215FFEDFF85FDBDF8FB0504F8C5" box="[557,632,1825,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
LM images from the type population. 1. Holotype specimen. 8. Girdle view.
</paragraph>
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Cells nearly rectangular in girdle view, mantles without additional structures except for the endings of the transapical striae. Valves rhombic-lanceolate, only slightly gomphonemoid-cuneate with obtusely rounded headpole and broadly rounded or subcapitate rounded foot pole. Length 55–95 μm, width 10–15 μm. Raphe lateral, external fissures nearly straight, internal fissures weakly arched. External and internal central raphe endings conspicuously different, the latter about four times wider apart and abruptly deflected to the same side. Axial and central area combined to form a broad rhombic-lanceolate hyaline field. No isolated pore (stigmoid) present in central area. Striae short, slightly radiate,
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10 μm, more densely spaced near the ends and clearly elongated near the foot pole. Areolae in striae 24–28, mainly circa
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10 μm.
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<paragraph id="8BCD937CFFEEFF86FF2DFED606FAFD7E" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
In SEM external views show irregularly C- to 3-shaped areolar foramina situated in depressions clearly visible in oblique view (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FED5FEEA06C3FEBA" box="[325,447,304,329]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Figs. 9, 12</figureCitation>
). On the mantle the foramina are less arched and more broadly slit-like (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FB7AFEEA0240FEBA" box="[1258,1340,304,329]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), near the footpole the last 2–3 striae consist of small round foramina only (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FCC7FE8E04D6FE9E" box="[855,938,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). At the edge of the valve face/mantle junction the interstriae are studded with small granula (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FD18FEA20457FE62" box="[648,811,376,401]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Figs. 9–10, 12</figureCitation>
). Central raphe fissures approximate, straight and slightly expanded to
<taxonomicName id="4C72E8FFFFEEFF86FE89FE4606C5FE46" box="[281,441,412,437]" form="elongate" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" rank="form">form elongate</taxonomicName>
, slightly drop-shaped central raphe endings (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FC24FE460485FE46" box="[948,1017,412,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). At the foot pole a large nearly round pore field is present, bisected by the terminal raphe fissure on the valve face, but with poroids running continuously around the lower part of the polar mantle as the raphe fissure terminates within the pore field (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FB3DFE3E027DFE0E" box="[1197,1281,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Internally the central raphe fissures are situated in an apically elongated central nodule, deflected to the same side and recurved at their ends (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FE97FDF60627FDB6" box="[263,347,556,581]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Helictoglossa at the distal raphe endings shifted to the secondary side especially at the foot pole (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FF00FD8A079EFD9A" box="[144,226,592,617]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Alveoli with straight margins, stubs or struts are lacking (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FC10FD8A04A8FD9A" box="[896,980,592,617]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Well-developed pseudosepta are present at both poles (
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FEB6FDAE0604FD7E" box="[294,376,628,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,839,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-303@2.[151,1436,838,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. SEM images from the type population. 9. External view of the central part of a valve with the central raphe endings. 10. External view showing foramina on valve mantle, small granula on the interstriae at the junction of valve mantle/face and the otherwise unornamented mantle.11. Internal view of an entire valve with pseudosepta at both poles.12. External view of foramina on valve face and granula at the junction of valve face/mantle. 13. External view of footpole with pore field, tilted 40°. 14. Internal view of valve centre showing alveoli, central nodule and proximal raphe fissures. Scale bar = 2 μm, except Figs. 9 &amp; 11, scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BCD937CFFEEFF86FF2DFD420427FD0A" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFEEFF86FF2DFD420662FD42" bold="true" box="[189,286,664,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Type:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1A9921FFEEFF86FE8DFD42042BFD0A" collectingDate="2003-09-06" collectionCode="BRM" collectorName="Coll. Reichardt &amp; Botanical Museum Berlin &amp; Zu &amp; Hustedt Collection &amp; Bremerhaven" country="Cuba" location="Salto del Guayabo. From" municipality="Andreas Muller" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="T01" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F365D3ECFFEEFF86FE8DFD420612FD42" box="[285,366,664,689]" name="Cuba" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">CUBA</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8EADC5A7FFEEFF86FEEBFD4205E0FD42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB226AFFEDFF86FF18FE0E0366FCEE:8EADC5A7FFEEFF86FEEBFD4205E0FD42" box="[379,668,664,689]" country="Cuba" municipality="Andreas Muller" name="Salto del Guayabo. From" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Salto del Guayabo. From</location>
mosses,
<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFEEFF86FC97FD4203E9FD42" box="[775,1173,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA90906FFEEFF86FC97FD4204C4FD42" box="[775,952,664,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Andreas Müller</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FFCCB5BCFFEEFF86FC56FD4203E9FD42" box="[966,1173,664,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2003-09-06">
<collectingDate id="EF884C54FFEEFF86FC56FD4203E9FD42" box="[966,1173,664,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2003-09-06">6 September 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
</emphasis>
.
<collectorName id="2687F6AAFFEEFF86FB35FD42022FFD42" box="[1189,1363,664,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Coll. Reichardt</collectorName>
sample S2450 (
<typeStatus id="54C92DDEFFEEFF86FF72FD66063AFD26" box="[226,326,700,725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
slide S2450-
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<collectorName id="2687F6AAFFEEFF86FD89FD6605B0FD26" box="[537,716,700,725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Coll. Reichardt</collectorName>
,
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(B)
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represented by
<figureCitation id="13498FF9FFEEFF86FACEFD6602D9FD26" box="[1374,1445,700,725]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="1.[136,243,1825,1846]" captionTargetBox="[166,1434,537,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-82@1.[151,1436,536,1808]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Gomphonema guayabense sp. nov. LM images from the type population. 1. Holotype specimen. 8. Girdle view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13638499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13638499/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
;
<typeStatus id="54C92DDEFFEEFF86FF18FD3A07A5FD0A" box="[136,217,736,761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
slide
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9/99,
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,
<collectorName id="2687F6AAFFEEFF86FDCCFD3A058FFD0A" box="[604,755,736,761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Bremerhaven</collectorName>
(
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))
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C368C0F7FFEEFF86FF2DFCDE0366FCEE" box="[189,1050,772,797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="B9064F6EFFEEFF86FF2DFCDE0618FCEE" bold="true" box="[189,356,772,797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Etymology:—</emphasis>
This taxon is named after the
<typeStatus id="54C92DDEFFEEFF86FD21FCDE059DFCEE" box="[689,737,772,797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">type</typeStatus>
locality
<collectingRegion id="49B65D9EFFEEFF86FCD3FCDE0401FCEE" box="[835,893,772,797]" country="Uruguay" name="Salto" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Salto</collectingRegion>
del Guayabo.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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116
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Key to species of
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sect.
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ser.
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reported from the Brazilian Pantanal:
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1 Spikelet obliquely inserted on the pedicel
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..............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C72BBEFFFC7D97137A6FDC6FA17BD2D" ID-CoL="K4GJ" authorityName="Chase" authorityYear="1927" baseAuthorityName="Mez" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1272,1451,515,536]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Axonopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpusii">Axonopus purpusii</taxonomicName>
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<keyLead id="30836359FFC7D97133D6FDE5FA17BD00" box="[136,1451,544,565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">- Spikelet horizontally inserted on the pedicel......................................................................................................................................2</keyLead>
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2 Plants cespitose
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....................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C72BBEFFFC7D97137B6FDF8FA17BD67" ID-CoL="67YYZ" authorityName="Valls &amp; A. D. Silveira" authorityYear="2016" box="[1256,1451,573,594]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Axonopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusiformis">Axonopus fusiformis</taxonomicName>
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<keyLead id="30836359FFC7D97133D6FD9FFA17BD5A" box="[136,1451,602,623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">- Plants stoloniferous............................................................................................................................................................................3</keyLead>
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</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="8BCDC06CFFC7D97133D6FDB3FA17BDBE" blockId="4.[136,1451,515,680]" box="[136,1451,630,651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<keyLead id="30836359FFC7D97133D6FDB3FA17BDBE" box="[136,1451,630,651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
3 Blades convolute ..............................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C72BBEFFFC7D9713789FDB3FA17BDBE" ID-CoL="K4DH" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1812" baseAuthorityName="Swartz" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[1239,1451,630,651]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Axonopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compressus">
<emphasis id="B9061C7EFFC7D9713789FDB3FA17BDBE" box="[1239,1451,630,651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Axonopus compressus</emphasis>
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- Blades conduplicate
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..............................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C72BBEFFFC7D97137B2FD56FA17BD9D" ID-CoL="5VYZ7" authorityName="Kuhlmann" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Raddi" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1260,1451,659,680]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Axonopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fissifolius">Axonopus fissifolius</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF631F5BB6AC6A39" bold="true" box="[136,388,820,847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernández
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-Mariné
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Economou-Amilli,
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(
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FAD91F59B2B06A39" box="[1330,1432,822,847]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionStartId-2="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionStartId-3="8.[136,229,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,190,1748]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetId-2="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetId-3="figure-14@8.[151,1436,190,1748]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. A–C. Confocal (CLSM) photomicrographs showing filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida covered by sheaths. A. 41 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing the Y-type of true branching; note the central spaces devoid of fluorescence in the filaments, corresponding to the area of nucleoids. B. 30 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing a degraded basal cell (dc) promoting a false branching. C. Main filament with secondary branches; division of initial cells (at arrows) implying further formation of secondary branches. Color allocation: DNA nucleic acids labelled with Hoechst 33258, cyan; reflection from minerals, white; autofluorescence of extracellular polymeric substances, green; colocalized autofluorescence of cyanobacteria in the red (phycobilins) and blue channels (chlorophylls), magenta. Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645692" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13645692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
)
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Thallus woolly, partly growing subaerophytically with densely coiled and/or parallel-arranged filaments. Filaments long, isopolar, very slightly attenuated towards the ends. Sometimes heteropolar young filaments are obvious germinating from hormogonia with a basal heterocyte (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FD9D1FA9B5ED6AA9" box="[630,709,966,991]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
). Filaments true-branched with a Y-like
<typeStatus id="54C98FCBFF891014FB761FA9B3E56AA9" box="[1181,1229,966,991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">type</typeStatus>
of branching (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FA911FA9B7BA6D75" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1</figureCitation>
A-B,1F, 4A), rarely with false scytonematoid branching (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FCC71F85B4A26D75" box="[812,906,1002,1027]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FC721F85B4956D75" box="[921,957,1002,1027]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[151,1436,190,1748]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–C. Confocal (CLSM) photomicrographs showing filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida covered by sheaths. A. 41 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing the Y-type of true branching; note the central spaces devoid of fluorescence in the filaments, corresponding to the area of nucleoids. B. 30 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing a degraded basal cell (dc) promoting a false branching. C. Main filament with secondary branches; division of initial cells (at arrows) implying further formation of secondary branches. Color allocation: DNA nucleic acids labelled with Hoechst 33258, cyan; reflection from minerals, white; autofluorescence of extracellular polymeric substances, green; colocalized autofluorescence of cyanobacteria in the red (phycobilins) and blue channels (chlorophylls), magenta. Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">4B</figureCitation>
). Y-type of branching originating from the oblique division of an intercalary cell followed by a second oblique division perpendicular to the previous one but without lateral displacement of the branch point (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FD57185DB4316D3D" box="[700,793,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FCC3185DB4646D3D" box="[808,844,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[151,1436,190,1748]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–C. Confocal (CLSM) photomicrographs showing filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida covered by sheaths. A. 41 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing the Y-type of true branching; note the central spaces devoid of fluorescence in the filaments, corresponding to the area of nucleoids. B. 30 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing a degraded basal cell (dc) promoting a false branching. C. Main filament with secondary branches; division of initial cells (at arrows) implying further formation of secondary branches. Color allocation: DNA nucleic acids labelled with Hoechst 33258, cyan; reflection from minerals, white; autofluorescence of extracellular polymeric substances, green; colocalized autofluorescence of cyanobacteria in the red (phycobilins) and blue channels (chlorophylls), magenta. Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">4C</figureCitation>
). Heterocytes intercalary (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FB92185DB22C6D3D" box="[1145,1284,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1D, 1F</figureCitation>
), 5.2–10.7 μm (8.15 μm ± 1.63, n=30) wide and 6.7–15 μm (9.62 μm ± 2.85, n=30) long with a pale yellow content. Mature filaments 7.8–12 μm (9.55 μm ± 0.99, n=30) wide. Branches narrower than the main filament, 4.84–8.1 μm (6.58 μm ± 0.91, n=30) wide. Sheath thin and firm, colorless. Trichomes constricted at the cross walls and extending slightly attenuated at the ends. Cells cylindrical or dolichoform to barrel-shaped, 5.16–13 μm (8.2 μm ± 1.9, n=30) long at the mature filaments, and 8.17–15.6 μm (10.98 μm ± 2.34, n=30) long at the young filaments, with smooth finely granulated content, blue-green to violet-brownish due to the phycoerythrin predominance (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FC121965B3146C55" box="[1017,1084,1290,1315]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,680,701]" captionTargetBox="[409,1175,190,655]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[409,1177,190,655]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fluorescence emission spectrum of cells obtained by the Lambda scan module of CLSM. Two-dimensional spectral characteristic of fluorescence is illuminated with the blue laser (488 nm) andrecorded as arbitrary units.Note the first peak for phycoerythrin (PE) (582 nm) and the second for phycobiliproteins (PC: phycocyanin and APC: allophycocyanin) (669 nm) including the small shoulder for chlorophyll a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645694/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). End cells more or less rounded. Ensheathed hormogonia 32.74–73.69 μm (53.5 μm ± 11.49, n=30) long and 6.73–9.07 μm (7.88 μm ± 0.76, n=30) wide, maintaining 4–17 cells and growing subaerophytically at the ends or at intercalary sites of the trichomes (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FA91193DB7F86CF9" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1H, 1I</figureCitation>
). Necridic cells sometimes present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36862E2FF891014FF5619F5B42D6CC5" box="[189,773,1434,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF5619F5B42D6CC5" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" box="[189,773,1434,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF5619F5B6166CC5" bold="true" box="[189,318,1434,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Habitat:—</emphasis>
Dim-light calcareous substrata, in caves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36862E2FF891014FF5619D1B69F6C8D" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF5619D1B2576CA1" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" box="[189,1407,1470,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF5619D1B64C6CA1" bold="true" box="[189,356,1470,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Etymology:—</emphasis>
floc’.ci.da (adj. femin; Lat. floccidus –a, –um); from floccus (pl. flocci) = tuft of hair or wool.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF56198DB69F6C8D" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" box="[189,439,1506,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF56198DB69F6C8D" bold="true" box="[189,439,1506,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Strains:—KY018918</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36862E2FF891019FF561A69B3966CF4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF561A69B3626F11" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF561A69B6366F69" bold="true" box="[189,286,1542,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Type:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1A3B34FF891014FEF61A69B5466F11" collectionCode="N, E" country="Greece" county="Herbarium of Botanical Museum" location="Cave" municipality="Diros' cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" specimenCode="ATHU-CY 3375" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F36571F9FF891014FEF61A69B6A66F69" box="[285,398,1542,1567]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">GREECE</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8EAD67B2FF891014FE761A69B6FF6F69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4:8EAD67B2FF891014FE761A69B6FF6F69" box="[413,471,1542,1567]" country="Greece" county="Herbarium of Botanical Museum" municipality="Diros' cave" name="Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Cave</location>
‘
<location id="8EAD67B2FF891014FE0D1A69B54A6F69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4:8EAD67B2FF891014FE0D1A69B54A6F69" box="[486,610,1542,1567]" country="Greece" county="Herbarium of Botanical Museum" municipality="Diros' cave" name="Vlychada'" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Vlychada’</location>
, part of ‘
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA9AB13FF891014FD3B1A69B4716F69" box="[720,857,1542,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Diros’ cave</collectingMunicipality>
complex (36
<superScript id="7C079C21FF891014FC1E1A6BB4D56F64" attach="none" box="[1013,1021,1540,1554]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">ο</superScript>
38.316’
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF891014FBBE1A69B3436F69" box="[1109,1131,1542,1567]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
, 022
<superScript id="7C079C21FF891014FB4F1A6BB3846F64" attach="none" box="[1188,1196,1540,1554]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">ο</superScript>
22.709’
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF891014FAE71A69B2086F69" box="[1292,1312,1542,1567]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
), (
<typeStatus id="54C98FCBFF891014FAAA1A69B28F6F69" box="[1345,1447,1542,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DBD49912FF891014FF631A45B6696F35" box="[136,321,1578,1603]" collectionCode="ATHU-CY" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">ATHU-CY 3375</specimenCode>
(
<collectingCounty id="62AC49E5FF891014FEA41A45B5EC6F35" box="[335,708,1578,1603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Herbarium of Botanical Museum</collectingCounty>
of the Athens University, Greece), Reference strain:
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF891014FAFD1A45B6256F11" authority="PH" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FAFD1A45B7CA6F11" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
PH
</taxonomicName>
00323987 (culture collection in
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1A3B34FF891014FD9F1A21B3626F11" box="[628,1098,1614,1639]" country="Philippines" location="Academy of Natural Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F36571F9FF891014FD9F1A21B5B36F11" box="[628,667,1614,1639]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">PH</collectingCountry>
;
<location id="8EAD67B2FF891014FD4E1A21B4DE6F11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4:8EAD67B2FF891014FD4E1A21B4DE6F11" box="[677,1014,1614,1639]" country="Philippines" name="Academy of Natural Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Academy of Natural Sciences</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36571F9FF891014FBEA1A21B3166F11" box="[1025,1086,1614,1639]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">USA</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF561A1DB2646FD9" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF561A1DB68F6FFD" bold="true" box="[189,423,1650,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">SEM observations:</emphasis>
—SEM examination confirms the morphology of the trichomes as being cylindrical or dolichoform, the presence of Y-like branching (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FD711AF9B40A6FD9" box="[666,802,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1E, 1G</figureCitation>
) as well as the presence of hormogonia (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FB051AF9B2156FD9" box="[1262,1341,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891017FF561AD5B6576853" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,160,293]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF561AD5B6E96FA5" bold="true" box="[189,449,1722,1747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">TEM observations:—</emphasis>
ΤΕΜ ultrastructure of
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FD541AD5B46E6FA5" box="[703,838,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Spelaeonais</emphasis>
is seen in
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FC541AD5B3106FA5" box="[959,1080,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 2A–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FBA81AD5B3A36FA5" box="[1091,1163,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">3A–D</figureCitation>
. The cells are bound by a sheath formed by layers of different electron densities; the thick inner layer is parallel to the cell wall while the external ones are diffluent. Outside the plasma membrane, the cell wall comprises a thin layer of peptidoglycan (c.
<quantity id="4C8A9C8CFF891014FAC71B6DB25C6E6D" box="[1324,1396,1794,1819]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" unit="nm" value="75.0">75 nm</quantity>
) and an outer membrane (
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF891014FE811B49B6B26E49" box="[362,410,1830,1855]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">OM</collectionCode>
) (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FE441B49B5046E49" box="[431,556,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
), which is not part of the septum. The peptidoglycan layer is crossed by pores, but plasmodesmata were not observed (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FDF81B25B5446E15" box="[531,620,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). The
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF891014FD441B25B5F76E15" box="[687,735,1866,1891]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">OM</collectionCode>
, together with the sheath, maintains the structure of the branched filament, even if the cells are no longer in contact. Nucleoid region is scattered throughout the cyatoplasm (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FACC1B01B2886EF1" box="[1319,1440,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 2E–F</figureCitation>
). In this region there are ribosomes, carboxysomes (surrounded by an outer shell) (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FBD41BFDB3B06EDD" box="[1087,1176,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) and storage inclusions such as polyphosphate bodies, appearing black or as electron transparent reserve spaces. It is conspicuous that the thylakoidal system surrounds the nucleoid regions with the thylakoids arranged in small curved or whorled parallel groups (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF8B1016FF0D1B90B65D616E" box="[230,373,2047,2072]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Figs 2A, 2F</figureCitation>
). Heterocytes are developed either in the main filament or in the lateral branches; their shape and size were similar to the originating cells (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF8A1017FD621CCFB5C969CF" box="[649,737,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Cell division proceeds by the formation of a septum, which is continuous with the peptidoglycan layer (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF8A1017FDB11CABB59B69AB" box="[602,691,196,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). At a certain point of the filament, a cell is dividing diagonally and the resulting two cells change division polarity thus forming one or two secondary branches perpendicular to the main axis (
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF8A1017FF2F1D63B65B6853" box="[196,371,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Figs 3A, 3E–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF881015FF631B0FB36D615F" blockId="5.[136,1452,1888,2089]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF881015FF631B0FB7D66E03" bold="true" box="[136,254,1888,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF881015FDB31B0FB4376E03" box="[600,799,1888,1909]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccid">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF881015FDB31B0FB4376E03" box="[600,799,1888,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Spelaeonaias floccid</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a. A. Filaments of
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF881015FC3A1B0FB38C6E03" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[977,1188,1888,1909]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF881015FC3A1B0FB38C6E03" box="[977,1188,1888,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0D61E1FF8B1016FF631AF5B60E6EDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" startId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" targetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF8B1016FF631AF5B60E6EDD" blockId="6.[136,1453,1690,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF8B1016FF631AF5B62A6FD9" bold="true" box="[136,258,1690,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
A–F. TEM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF8B1016FDC81AF5B5D26FD9" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[547,762,1690,1711]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF8B1016FDC81AF5B5D26FD9" box="[547,762,1690,1711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0D61E1FF8A1017FF631B68B5CE6EA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" startId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" targetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF8A1017FF631B68B5CE6EA6" blockId="7.[136,1452,1799,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF8A1017FF631B68B7D56E6A" bold="true" box="[136,253,1799,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
A–D. TEM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF8A1017FDE31B68B5F36E6A" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[520,731,1799,1820]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF8A1017FDE31B68B5F36E6A" box="[520,731,1799,1820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing cell division and mode of branching. A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0D61E1FF851018FF631A82B5116EAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645692/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" startId="8.[136,229,1773,1794]" targetBox="[151,1435,190,1748]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF851018FF631A82B5116EAC" blockId="8.[136,1452,1773,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF851018FF631A82B6296E74" bold="true" box="[136,257,1773,1794]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
A–C. Confocal (CLSM) photomicrographs showing filaments of
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF851018FC711A82B3596E74" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[922,1137,1773,1794]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF851018FC711A82B3596E74" box="[922,1137,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
covered by sheaths. A. 41 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing the Y-type of true branching; note the central spaces devoid of fluorescence in the filaments, corresponding to the area of nucleoids. B. 30 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing a degraded basal cell (dc) promoting a false branching. C. Main filament with secondary branches; division of initial cells (at arrows) implying further formation of secondary branches. Color allocation: DNA nucleic acids labelled with Hoechst 33258, cyan; reflection from minerals, white; autofluorescence of extracellular polymeric substances, green; colocalized autofluorescence of cyanobacteria in the red (phycobilins) and blue channels (chlorophylls), magenta. Scale bars = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0D61E1FF841019FF631EC7B6186A5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645694/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" startId="9.[136,229,680,701]" targetBox="[409,1175,190,655]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF841019FF631EC7B6186A5F" blockId="9.[136,1452,680,809]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF631EC7B62B6BCB" bold="true" box="[136,259,680,701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Fluorescence emission spectrum of cells obtained by the Lambda scan module of CLSM. Two-dimensional spectral characteristic of fluorescence is illuminated with the blue laser (488 nm) and recorded as arbitrary units. Note the first peak for phycoerythrin (PE) (582 nm) and the second for phycobiliproteins (PC: phycocyanin and APC: allophycocyanin) (669 nm) including the small shoulder for chlorophyll a.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF841019FF561F36B3C26D54" blockId="9.[136,1452,857,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF561F36B5E06A04" bold="true" box="[189,712,857,882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Sequence data and phylogenetic analyses:—</emphasis>
All 11 clones of the single PCR product sequenced have generated identical sequences. The length of the generated sequence was 631 bp (GenBank accession number:
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018918 after the acceptance of the manuscript). The aligned dataset was composed of 72 sequences and was 2164 bp long. The length difference between the generated sequence and the aligned dataset is due to the fact that for the taxa retrieved from GenBank the longest possible portion of their 16
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FD081F89B5DA6A89" box="[739,754,998,1023]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
rRNA sequence was retained. In the aligned dataset 1195 sites were variable, 609 of which were parsimony informative. The overall mean distance was 0.08 (8%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF841019FF561843B3966CF4" blockId="9.[136,1452,857,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">
The phylogenetic tree inferred from MrBayes, representing the evolutionary relationships of our sample to the remaining 71 sequences, is provided in
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF841019FD6A1820B5E06D1E" box="[641,712,1103,1128]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1659,1680]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,190,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-14@10.[237,1351,190,1635]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. The 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from MrBayes. Posterior probalities are provided on or below the nodes.The GenBank accession numbers of sequences are given on the right of the taxa names. The scale corresponds to substitutions/site. Characters in bold indicate the taxon from Vlychada Cave." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645696/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
. The posterior probabilities of the
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FBB01820B35F6D1E" box="[1115,1143,1103,1128]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13366" name="Istituto Ortobotanico" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" type="Herbarium">BI</collectionCode>
analysis are shown on the nodes. The tree is relatively well resolved in its greater part. The respective tree generated from
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FB1D181DB2666DFD" box="[1270,1358,1138,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">BEAST</collectionCode>
v.1.8.2. is provided in
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF841019FEDF18F9B6A16DD9" box="[308,393,1174,1199]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
(see supplementary file). According to the trees inferred both from MrBayes and
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FAA518F9B2806DD9" box="[1358,1448,1174,1199]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">BEAST</collectionCode>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF6318D6B6356DA4" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,285,1209,1234]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF6318D6B6356DA4" box="[136,285,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Spelaeonaias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms a well-supported monophyletic clade with the strains “
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FC3818D6B3A96DA4" authorityName="Anagnostidis et Komarek" authorityYear="1990" box="[979,1153,1209,1234]" class="Cyanophyceae" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="order">Stigonematales</taxonomicName>
cyanobacterium
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FAA818D6B2416DA4" box="[1347,1385,1209,1234]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">SA</collectionCode>
1301” and “
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF2E18B3B65B6D83" authorityName="Anagnostidis et Komarek" authorityYear="1990" box="[197,371,1244,1269]" class="Cyanophyceae" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="order">Stigonematales</taxonomicName>
cyanobacterium
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FDD018B3B5736D83" box="[571,603,1244,1269]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
302” (GenBank codes HQ917695 and HQ917696 respectively) described from Maltese catacombs (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34C98FF841019FE4C1890B5AA6C6E" author="Zammit, G. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Albertano, P." box="[423,642,1279,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref10390" refString="Zammit, G., Kastovsky, J. &amp; Albertano, P. (2010) A first cytomorphological and molecular characterisation of a new Stigonematalean cyanobacterial morphotype isolated from Maltese catacombs. Algological Studies 136: 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1127 / 1864 - 1318 / 2010 / 0135 - 0001" type="journal article" year="2010">
Zammit
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FDEC1890B5176C6E" box="[519,575,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the relationship of this group with other taxa belonging to the family
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF3C194DB6ED6C4D" authorityName="Hoffmann, Komarek et Kastovsky" authorityYear="2005" box="[215,453,1314,1339]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Symphyonemataceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="family">Symphyonemataceae</taxonomicName>
(incl.
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FDE0194DB5E76C4D" box="[523,719,1314,1339]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="family">Scytonemataceae</taxonomicName>
) is moderately resolved since some of true-branched strains of the genera
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF311929B5946C29" box="[218,700,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF311929B61A6C29" authorityName="Lamprinou et Pantazidou (2011:" authorityYear="2909" box="[218,306,1350,1375]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bodotriidae" genus="Iphinoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cumacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iphinoe</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FED51929B6CB6C29" authorityName="Jao" authorityYear="1944" box="[318,483,1350,1375]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Symphyonema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Symphyonema</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FE041929B5946C29" authorityName="Tiwari et Mitra" authorityYear="1968" box="[495,700,1350,1375]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Symphyonemopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">Symphyonemopsis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FD1F1929B4926C29" authorityName="Iyengar et Desikachary" authorityYear="1946" box="[756,954,1350,1375]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Mastigocladopsidaceae" genus="Mastigocladopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FD1F1929B4926C29" box="[756,954,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Mastigocladopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seem to be related to the not truly branched ones, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF181906B69F6CF4" box="[243,439,1385,1410]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Brasilonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF181906B6AA6CF4" box="[243,386,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Brasilonema</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FE061906B5CE6CF4" box="[493,742,1385,1410]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="hoffmannii">
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FE061906B5CE6CF4" box="[493,742,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Scytonema hoffmannii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34C98FF841019FD1E1906B4946CF4" author="Hauer, T. &amp; Bohunicka, M. &amp; Johansen, J. R. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Berrendero-Gomez, E." box="[757,956,1385,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" pagination="1089 - 1100" refId="ref8003" refString="Hauer, T., Bohunicka, M., Johansen, J. R., Mares, J. &amp; Berrendero-Gomez, E. (2014) Reassessment of the cyanobacterial family Microchaetaceae and establishment of new families Tolypothrichaceae and Godleyaceae. Journal of Phycology 50: 1089 - 1100. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / jpy. 12241" type="journal article" year="2014">
Hauer
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FCA91906B4536CF4" box="[834,891,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34C98FF841019FC2C1906B39B6CF4" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[967,1203,1385,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref8710" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86: 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FBDC1906B3476CF4" box="[1079,1135,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

209
data/03/DB/87/03DB87AE115E4871FF61F81CEE66AE08.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
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<mods:title id="4DF2D6F90611FD0D1DA5F33A745C3107">Daedaleopsis hainanensis sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from tropical China based on morphological and molecular evidence</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="849468606C9D7F6851D00B2A3279DFBE">Li, Hai-Jiao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5160E40418B94EAB770A7947575DDE51">Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China &amp; National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="75558F5D8841744C11C4AB05F4DE2B5D">Si, Jing</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="654D111A73600B92B6F7E3DC696A38D9">Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D4ACEE506E02B194C91ED196FECDCB74">He, Shuang-Hui</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3686533115E4876FF61F81CED71A45C" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCD36B8115E4876FF61F81CEF7FABA2" blockId="2.[136,893,2004,2031]" box="[136,893,2004,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
<heading id="D08581D4115E4876FF61F81CEF7FABA2" box="[136,893,2004,2031]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D3B115E4876FF61F81CEE99ABA2" ID-CoL="33XZ6" authority="Hai J. Li &amp; S.H. He" authorityName="Hai J. Li &amp; S. H. He" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,667,2004,2031]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Daedaleopsis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hainanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115E4876FF61F81CEDB1ABA2" bold="true" box="[136,435,2004,2031]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Daedaleopsis hainanensis</emphasis>
Hai J. Li &amp; S.H. He
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115E4876FD4EF81EEEFEABA2" box="[679,764,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23557D1115E4876FD4EF81EEEFEABA2" box="[679,764,2006,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A3D115E4876FCE2F81EEF58ABA2" box="[779,858,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1409,1430]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-91@3.[151,1436,389,1383]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Basidiocarps of Daedaleopsis hainanensis (holotype, scale bar = 2 cm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13646513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13646513/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A3D115E4876FC8FF81EEF76ABA2" box="[870,884,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1955,1976]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,215,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,190,1930]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Microscopic structures of Daedaleopsis hainanensis (drawn by Hai-Jiao Li from the holotype). a. Basidiospores. b. Basidia and basidioles. c. dendrohyphidia. d. Hyphae from trama. e. Hyphae from context." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13646515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13646515/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">3</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B8115E4876FF61F834ED71A45C" blockId="2.[136,371,2044,2065]" box="[136,371,2044,2065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">MycoBank: MB 816543</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686533115F4871FF61FF68EE66AE08" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCD36B8115F4877FF61FF68EDFAAD68" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FF61FF68ED01ACF4" box="[136,259,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
—The species is distinct by annual, sessile, flabelliform, dimidiate or semicircular basidiocarps with a glabrous, more or less yellowish-brown and concentrically sulcate pileal surface, a rose to pink margin of pore surface when fresh, round pores, presence of dendrohyphidia and hyphal pegs in the hymenium, and allantoid to cylindrical basidiospores 6–8 × 1.7–2.2 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B8115F4877FF54FEF8EEE3AD20" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FF54FEF8ECF3AD04" box="[189,241,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Type</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F3657628115F4877FEFAFEF8ED73AD04" box="[275,369,304,329]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49B6F85A115F4877FE69FEF8EE1BAD04" box="[384,537,304,329]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Hainan Prov.</collectingRegion>
, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk,
<date id="FFCC1078115F4877FA66FEF8ED42AD20" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" value="2007-11-17">17 November 2007</date>
,
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FEA2FE9CEDB1AD20" box="[331,435,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Cui 5178</emphasis>
(BJFC003219,
<typeStatus id="54C9881A115F4877FD8CFE9CEED0AD20" box="[613,722,340,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
!).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0D6630115F4877FF61FA49EFB7A9DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13646513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13646513" box="[136,949,1409,1430]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13646513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" startId="3.[136,229,1409,1430]" targetBox="[151,1436,389,1383]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCD36B8115F4877FF61FA49EFB7A9DB" blockId="3.[136,949,1409,1430]" box="[136,949,1409,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FF61FA49ECFCA9DB" bold="true" box="[136,254,1409,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Basidiocarps of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D3B115F4877FE76FA49EE99A9DB" authorityName="Hai J. Li &amp; S. H. He" authorityYear="2016" box="[415,667,1409,1430]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Daedaleopsis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FE76FA49EE99A9DB" box="[415,667,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Daedaleopsis hainanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype, scale bar = 2 cm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B8115F4877FF54FA0EEFE9A992" blockId="3.[136,1452,1478,1971]" box="[189,1003,1478,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FF54FA0EED37A992" box="[189,309,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Etymology</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C724D3B115F4877FEB0FA0EEE26A992" authority="(Lat.)" baseAuthorityName="Lat." box="[345,548,1478,1503]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Daedaleopsis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FEB0FA0EEDDDA992" box="[345,479,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">hainanensis</emphasis>
(Lat.)
</taxonomicName>
refers to the
<typeStatus id="54C9881A115F4877FD51FA0EEEEAA992" box="[696,744,1478,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B8115F4877FF54FA22E93DAAB2" blockId="3.[136,1452,1478,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FF54FA22ED55AA4E" box="[189,343,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Fruiting body</emphasis>
:—Basidiocarps annual, sessile, flabelliform, dimidiate or semicircular, usually single, without odor or taste when fresh, corky and distinctly light in weight upon drying. Pilei applanate, projecting up to
<quantity id="4C8A9B5D115F4877FAEDF9C6E951AA6A" box="[1284,1363,1550,1575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" unit="cm" value="3.2">3.2 cm</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4C8A9B5D115F4877FAB6F9C6E9A9AA6A" box="[1375,1451,1550,1575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" unit="cm" value="5.3">5.3 cm</quantity>
wide and
<quantity id="4C8A9B5D115F4877FF1FF9FAED3AAA06" box="[246,312,1586,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
thick at base. Pileal surface glabrous, pale yellowish-brown (5B/C7) to greyish brown (5/6E4) when fresh, turning yellowish-brown (5B/C7) to cinnamon-buff (4/5B4) when dry, concentrically sulcate, sometimes slightly warted at base; margin acute. Pore surface pale grey (7C2) to fuscous (5/6F5) with a distinct rose to pink margin when fresh, turning yellowish-brown to greyish-brown with a pale yellowish-brown margin; pores round to slightly elongated, 3–4 per mm; dissepiments thin to moderate thick, entire. Context pale yellowish-brown to yellowish-brown, soft corky, up to
<quantity id="4C8A9B5D115F4877FEACF92EED84AAB2" box="[325,390,1766,1791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
thick near the base. Tubes yellowish-brown to pale greyish-brown, up to
<quantity id="4C8A9B5D115F4877FB57F92EE8FDAAB2" box="[1214,1279,1766,1791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B8115F4877FF54F8C2EE9AAB0A" blockId="3.[136,1452,1478,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FF54F8C2ED87AB6E" box="[189,389,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Hyphal structure:</emphasis>
—Hyphal system trimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; skeletal and binding hyphae IKI–, CB–; tissues unchanged in KOH.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B8115F4877FF54F89AE8F5ABFE" blockId="3.[136,1452,1478,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA115F4877FF54F89AED1FAB26" box="[189,285,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Context:</emphasis>
—Generative hyphae scanty, hyaline, thin-walled, branched, 2.5–3.5 μm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, pale yellowish-brown, thick-walled to subsolid, rarely branched, interwoven, 3–5 μm in diam.; binding hyphae pale yellowish-brown, thick-walled to almost solid, branched, interwoven, 2–3.2 μm in diam.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0D663011584870FF61F86BEFA2AB91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13646515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13646515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13646515/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" startId="4.[136,229,1955,1976]" targetBox="[175,1417,215,1912]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCD36B811584870FF61F86BEFA2AB91" blockId="4.[136,1451,1955,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA11584870FF61F86BECFCABF5" bold="true" box="[136,254,1955,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Microscopic structures of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D3B11584870FDE8F86BEEFFABF5" box="[513,765,1955,1976]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Daedaleopsis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA11584870FDE8F86BEEFFABF5" box="[513,765,1955,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Daedaleopsis hainanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(drawn by Hai-Jiao Li from the holotype). a. Basidiospores. b. Basidia and basidioles. c. dendrohyphidia. d. Hyphae from trama. e. Hyphae from context.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B811594871FF54FF68ECE3AD20" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA11594871FF54FF68ED0AACF4" box="[189,264,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Tubes:</emphasis>
—Generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, rarely branched, 2–2.5 μm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, yellowish-brown to golden yellowish, thick-walled to subsolid, rarely branched, interwoven, 2.5–3.4 μm in diam.; binding hyphae yellowish-brown to golden yellowish, flexuous, thick-walled to almost solid, branched, 2–2.8 μm in diam. Cystidia and cystidioles absent, dendrohyphidia and hyphal pegs present in the hymenium. Basidia clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 20–25 × 5–6 μm; basidioles similar to basidia but slightly smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B811594871FF54FEB0E879ADF8" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA11594871FF54FEB0ED10ADDC" box="[189,274,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Spores:</emphasis>
—Basidiospores allantoid to cylindrical, usually tapering towards the apiculum, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–, 6–8 × (1.5–)1.7–2.2 μm, L = 6.9 μm, W = 1.8 μm, Q = 3.8 (n = 40/1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B811594871FF54FE08EE3FAD94" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,581]" box="[189,573,448,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA11594871FF54FE08ED3CAD94" box="[189,318,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">
<typeStatus id="54C9881A11594871FF54FE08ECF3AD94" box="[189,241,448,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Type</typeStatus>
of rot:
</emphasis>
—Causing a white rot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36B811594871FF54FE2CEE66AE08" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">
<materialsCitation id="3B1A3CE511594871FF54FE2CEFC1AE6C" collectingDate="2007-11-17" collectionCode="BJFC" country="China" county="Ledong County" location="Jianfengling Nature Reserve" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" specimenCode="BJFC003228" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Hainan">
<emphasis id="B906EAAA11594871FF54FE2CEE25ADB0" box="[189,551,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">
<typeStatus id="54C9881A11594871FF54FE2CEE23ADB0" box="[189,545,484,509]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="F365762811594871FDACFE2CEEA2ADB0" box="[581,672,484,509]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49B6F85A11594871FD40FE2CEF3FADB0" box="[681,829,484,509]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Hainan Prov.</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62AC4E3411594871FCAEFE2CEFF4ADB0" box="[839,1014,484,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Ledong County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="8EAD606311594871FBE9FE2CE93DADB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87AE115E4871FF61F81CEE66AE08:8EAD606311594871FBE9FE2CE93DADB0" box="[1024,1343,484,509]" country="China" county="Ledong County" name="Jianfengling Nature Reserve" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="Hainan">Jianfengling Nature Reserve</location>
, on fallen angiosperm trunk,
<date id="FFCC107811594871FEBEFDC0EE2DAE6C" box="[343,559,520,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" value="2007-11-17">
<collectingDate id="EF88E99011594871FEBEFDC0EE2DAE6C" box="[343,559,520,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" value="2007-11-17">17 November 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B906EAAA11594871FDD1FDC0EE9CAE6C" box="[568,670,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Cui 5187</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBD49EC311594871FD42FDC0EF46AE6C" box="[683,836,520,545]" collectionCode="BJFC" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" name="Beijing Forestry University" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" type="Herbarium">BJFC003228</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="54C9881A11594871FCA4FDC0EFBAAE6C" box="[845,952,520,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1A3CE511594871FC24FDC0EE62AE08" collectingDate="2007-11-17" collectionCode="BJFC" country="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" specimenCode="BJFC000704" specimenCount="1">
on fallen angiosperm branch,
<date id="FFCC107811594871FAFDFDC0ECC1AE08" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" value="2007-11-17">
<collectingDate id="EF88E99011594871FAFDFDC0ECC1AE08" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" value="2007-11-17">17 November 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B906EAAA11594871FF27FDE4ED35AE08" box="[206,311,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Dai 9268</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBD49EC311594871FEAFFDE4EDDCAE08" box="[326,478,556,581]" collectionCode="BJFC" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12642" name="Beijing Forestry University" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" type="Herbarium">BJFC000704</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="54C9881A11594871FE00FDE4EE56AE08" box="[489,596,556,581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>