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<document id="6376A82030D87E9645B59B7075CA1DA8" ID-CLB-Dataset="250006" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a6baf08d-05cf-4c96-ac65-02f502b29fa4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836930" ID-ZooBank="675A2650-4738-4DDB-8970-1FE4307F6B3C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1681729821835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi, Arteaga, Alvaro, Polo, Christian, Arroyo, Yessenia, Willenz, Philippe &amp; Hajdu, Eduardo" docDate="2023" docId="210739589F64FFFE3BD915C5FB917905" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5264.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5264 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Suberites inti Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="481" masterDocId="DD3E41209F78FFE03B4E177AFFA37B64" masterDocTitle="Shallow Suberitida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Peru" masterLastPageNumber="489" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="479" updateTime="1699514244937" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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(
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)
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.
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<specimenCode id="F90820359F64FFFC3A581433FE167806" box="[278,437,840,867]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">MNRJ 12869</specimenCode>
,
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),
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depth
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, coll.
<collectorName id="045BED989F64FFFC3BD91416FEA978E1" box="[151,266,875,902]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
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.
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<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B8914F5FEC578CC" bold="true" box="[199,358,910,937]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Type locality.</emphasis>
San Gallán Island, Paracas,
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,
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.
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<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B8914C8FEE178A8" bold="true" box="[199,322,946,972]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Massive-subhemispheric and light orange
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC386F14C8FC2A78A8" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1833" box="[801,905,946,972]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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with skeleton exclusively composed of straight tylostyles in two size categories (I: 235457 x 511 μm; II: 423661 x 813 μm), organised in ectosomal bouquets and apparent choanosomal multispicular sub(tylostyles) tracts.
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<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B891361FEF97F51" bold="true" box="[199,346,1051,1077]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Description.</emphasis>
Massive, occasionally centrally compressed (2 x
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,
<figureCitation id="319594CB9F64FFFC389D1361FB9F7F52" box="[979,1084,1051,1078]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Suberites inti sp. nov. (MNRJ 12869) AB, live specimen (right one in A); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section; D, detail of choanosome; E, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; FG, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; HI, tylostyles heads of FG. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; CE, 500 µm; FG, 100 µm; HI, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). Oscula small (diam. &lt;
<quantity id="6E5625AB9F64FFFC3E1F1366FA367F52" box="[1361,1429,1052,1078]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
) and grouped, slightly elevated. A few tiny projections, conule-like, might be contracted short oscular chimneys (
<figureCitation id="319594CB9F64FFFC3BEE1318FEA47F18" box="[160,263,1122,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Suberites inti sp. nov. (MNRJ 12869) AB, live specimen (right one in A); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section; D, detail of choanosome; E, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; FG, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; HI, tylostyles heads of FG. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; CE, 500 µm; FG, 100 µm; HI, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). Surface smooth and velvety. Compressible consistency.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A911884E9F64FFFC3B8913FFFBE17FFB" blockId="28.[151,1437,840,2029]" box="[199,1090,1157,1183]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B8913FFFE837FFB" bold="true" box="[199,288,1157,1183]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Colour.</emphasis>
Light orange-yellowish in life (
<figureCitation id="319594CB9F64FFFC39CB13FFFCA87FFB" box="[645,779,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Suberites inti sp. nov. (MNRJ 12869) AB, live specimen (right one in A); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section; D, detail of choanosome; E, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; FG, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; HI, tylostyles heads of FG. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; CE, 500 µm; FG, 100 µm; HI, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
) and dirty white in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A911884E9F64FFFC3B8913D2FA957F82" blockId="28.[151,1437,840,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B8913D2FE967FA6" bold="true" box="[199,309,1192,1218]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Ectosomal, a dense field of bouquets composed of small tylostyles (
<figureCitation id="319594CB9F64FFFC3F1B13D2FB467FA6" box="[1109,1253,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Suberites inti sp. nov. (MNRJ 12869) AB, live specimen (right one in A); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section; D, detail of choanosome; E, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; FG, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; HI, tylostyles heads of FG. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; CE, 500 µm; FG, 100 µm; HI, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Fig. 10C, D</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal, loose multispicular tracts of tylostyles, further obscured by many spicules strewn in confusion (
<figureCitation id="319594CB9F64FFFC3F8A13B1FA897F82" box="[1220,1322,1227,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Suberites inti sp. nov. (MNRJ 12869) AB, live specimen (right one in A); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section; D, detail of choanosome; E, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; FG, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; HI, tylostyles heads of FG. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; CE, 500 µm; FG, 100 µm; HI, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A911884E9F64FFFC3B891394FDCD7E16" blockId="28.[151,1437,840,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B891394FE8C7E6C" bold="true" box="[199,303,1262,1288]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Spicules</emphasis>
. Megascleres. Tylostyles I, small, ectosomal, straight and with sharp acerate apex (
<figureCitation id="319594CB9F64FFFC3E6D1395FA2D7E6D" box="[1315,1422,1263,1289]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Suberites inti sp. nov. (MNRJ 12869) AB, live specimen (right one in A); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section; D, detail of choanosome; E, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; FG, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; HI, tylostyles heads of FG. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; CE, 500 µm; FG, 100 µm; HI, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
), 235321.5(±54.9)457 x 57.7(±1.6)11 μm. Tylostyles II, large, choanosomal, straight, and with sharp acerate apex (
<figureCitation id="319594CB9F64FFFC3BAE124FFEE87E2B" box="[224,331,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Suberites inti sp. nov. (MNRJ 12869) AB, live specimen (right one in A); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section; D, detail of choanosome; E, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; FG, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; HI, tylostyles heads of FG. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; CE, 500 µm; FG, 100 µm; HI, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
), 423515.9(±62.3)661 x 810.8(±1.4)13 μm. Tyles are pronounced and can be subterminal (subtylostyles) (I: 913 μm; II: 1117 μm)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1B4DBC59F64FFFC3B891206FDB07EDD" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A911884E9F64FFFC3B891206FDB07EDD" blockId="28.[151,1437,840,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B891206FEED7EF2" bold="true" box="[199,334,1404,1430]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Etymology.</emphasis>
From
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC3AD41206FE1C7EF1" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[410,447,1404,1429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3AD41206FE1C7EF1" box="[410,447,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
=sun in
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC39521201FD227EF1" authorityName="Strebel" authorityYear="1910" box="[540,641,1403,1429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Quechua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC39521201FD227EF1" box="[540,641,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Quechua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(indigenous Peruvian language) because of its resemblance to the sun in colour (light orange to yellow).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1B4DBC59F64FFFC3B8912B8FBD37D22" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A911884E9F64FFFC3B8912B8FE167E9B" blockId="28.[151,1437,840,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B8912B8FE8F7EB8" bold="true" box="[199,300,1474,1500]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Ecology.</emphasis>
This species was attached to rocky substrate, and it was found associated with ophiuroids, crabs, bryozoans, and red algae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A911884E9F64FFFC3B891172FBD37D22" blockId="28.[151,1437,840,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B891172FD527D46" bold="true" box="[199,753,1544,1570]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Geographical and bathymetrical distributions.</emphasis>
<location id="AC71DE959F64FFFC39B91172FC2F7D46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F64FFFE3BD915C5FB917905:AC71DE959F64FFFC39B91172FC2F7D46" box="[759,908,1544,1570]" country="Peru" county="Subtidal" municipality="Humboldtian" name="Provisionally" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Provisionally</location>
endemic to the south coast of
<collectingCountry id="D1B9C8DE9F64FFFC3F901173FAB27D47" box="[1246,1297,1545,1571]" name="Peru" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<location id="AC71DE959F64FFFC3E6E1172FF437D21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F64FFFE3BD915C5FB917905:AC71DE959F64FFFC3E6E1172FF437D21" country="Peru" county="Subtidal" municipality="Humboldtian" name="San Gallan Island" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">San Gallán Island</location>
). MEOW in
<collectingCountry id="D1B9C8DE9F64FFFC3A211156FE047D22" box="[367,423,1580,1606]" name="Peru" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Peru</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="497512349F64FFFC3AFF1151FDE67D21" box="[433,581,1579,1605]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Humboldtian</collectingMunicipality>
ecoregion (
<bibRefCitation id="CD3FF5BF9F64FFFC39871151FC127D22" author="Spalding, M. D. &amp; Fox, H. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Davidson, N. &amp; Ferdana, Z. A. &amp; Finlayson, M. &amp; Halpern, B. S. &amp; Jorge, M. A. &amp; Lombana, A. &amp; Lourie, S. A. &amp; Martin, K. D. &amp; McManus, E. &amp; Molnar, J. &amp; Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J." box="[713,945,1579,1606]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref24187" refString="Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdana, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707" type="journal article" year="2007">
Spalding
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC387B1156FCCE7D21" box="[821,877,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectingCounty id="4070F0C29F64FFFC388D1151FB867D21" box="[963,1061,1579,1605]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Subtidal</collectingCounty>
:
<specimenCount id="BFA843C79F64FFFC3F611156FBD37D22" box="[1071,1136,1580,1606]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" type="generic">
<quantity id="6E5625AB9F64FFFC3F611156FBC87D22" box="[1071,1131,1580,1606]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" unit="m" value="18.0">
<elevation id="22836F7D9F64FFFC3F611156FBC87D22" box="[1071,1131,1580,1606]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1B4DBC59F64FFFE3B891135FB917905" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A911884E9F64FFFC3B891135FB367D91" blockId="28.[151,1437,840,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3B891135FE987D0D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1615,1641]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC3A0B1135FE0E7D0D" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1833" box="[325,429,1615,1641]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3A0B1135FE0E7D0D" box="[325,429,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Suberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes 79 species distributed worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="CD3FF5BF9F64FFFC38E31135FB047D0D" author="de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Downey, R. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Morrow, C. C. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Rtzler, K. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[941,1191,1615,1641]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" refId="ref20688" refString="de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Boury-Esnault, N., Carballo, J. L., Cardenas, P., Diaz, M. - C., Dohrmann, M., Downey, R., Hajdu, E., Hooper, J. N. A., Kelly, M., Klautau, M., Manconi, R., Morrow, C. C., Pisera, A. B., Rios, P., Rtzler, K., Sch ˆ nberg, C., Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2022) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 27 February 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
de Voogd
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3F6B1135FBC27D0D" box="[1061,1121,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
), frequently found in cold temperate waters and inhabiting both shallow and deep waters (van Soest
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3F691109FBC17DE8" box="[1063,1122,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">et al.</emphasis>
2002;
<bibRefCitation id="CD3FF5BF9F64FFFC3FFA1108FA327DE8" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Maduray, S. &amp; Janson, L. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Ngwakum, B. &amp; Teske, P. R." box="[1204,1425,1650,1676]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" pagination="49 - 81" refId="ref23652" refString="Samaai, T., Maduray, S., Janson, L., Gibbons, M. J., Ngwakum, B. &amp; Teske, P. R. (2017) A new species of habitat - forming Suberites (Porifera, Demospongiae, Suberitida) in the Benguela upwelling region (South Africa). Zootaxa, 4254 (1), 49 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4254.1.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Samaai
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3E5E1109FAE87DE8" box="[1296,1355,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Among the eight
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC3A1911EFFE1C7DCB" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1833" box="[343,447,1685,1711]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3A1911EFFE1C7DCB" box="[343,447,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Suberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded from the Eastern Pacific,
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC380B11EFFC1E7DCB" authorityName="Hajdu, DesqueyrouxFaundez, Carvalho, Lobo-Hajdu &amp; Willenz" authorityYear="2013" box="[837,957,1685,1711]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cranium">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC380B11EFFC1E7DCB" box="[837,957,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">S. cranium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC388411EFFECD7DB6" authority="Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa &amp; McDaniel, 2014" authorityName="Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa &amp; McDaniel" authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lambei">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC388411EFFB927DCB" box="[970,1073,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">S. lambei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD3FF5BF9F64FFFC3F7B11EFFECD7DB6" author="Austin, W. C. &amp; Ott, B. S. &amp; Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Romagosa, P. &amp; McDaniel, N. G." pageId="28" pageNumber="479" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref19257" refString="Austin, W. C., Ott, B. S., Reiswig, H. M., Romagosa, P. &amp; McDaniel, N. G. (2014) Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species. Zootaxa, 3823 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3823.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa &amp; McDaniel, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC3AE711C3FE5E7DB6" box="[425,509,1720,1747]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3AE711C3FE5E7DB6" box="[425,509,1720,1747]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC393A11C2FCA97DB6" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[628,778,1720,1746]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC393A11C2FCA97DB6" box="[628,778,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Suberites inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC385A11C2FCCC7DB6" bold="true" box="[788,879,1720,1746]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F64FFFC385A11C2FCCC7DB6" box="[788,879,1720,1746]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
more closely. But despite similarities in skeletal composition (tylostyles), there are notable differences among all, which are detailed below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A911884E9F64FFFC3B891185FC467C89" blockId="28.[151,1437,840,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
Although
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC3A711185FE637C7C" authorityName="Hajdu, DesqueyrouxFaundez, Carvalho, Lobo-Hajdu &amp; Willenz" authorityYear="2013" box="[319,448,1791,1817]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cranium">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3A711185FE637C7C" box="[319,448,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">S. cranium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC394F1185FD3E7C7C" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[513,669,1791,1817]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC394F1185FD3E7C7C" box="[513,669,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Suberites inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC39E41185FCA97C7D" bold="true" box="[682,778,1791,1817]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F64FFFC39E41185FCA97C7D" box="[682,778,1791,1817]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
present similar external morphology, the former has a noticeable ectosomal palisade, whereas the latter presents bouquets in this region. The choanosomal skeleton of
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC3BF4103FFE9B7C3B" authorityName="Hajdu, DesqueyrouxFaundez, Carvalho, Lobo-Hajdu &amp; Willenz" authorityYear="2013" box="[186,312,1861,1887]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cranium">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3BF4103FFE9B7C3B" box="[186,312,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">S. cranium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mostly confused, lacking clear tracts or fibres; while, in the new species, it is composed of multispicular tracts with some disoriented spicules. Regarding the tylostyles, both species present straight and sharply pointed tylostyles with well-marked tyles, but slightly different size categories.
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC3FD410F1FACE7CC1" authorityName="Hajdu, DesqueyrouxFaundez, Carvalho, Lobo-Hajdu &amp; Willenz" authorityYear="2013" box="[1178,1389,1931,1957]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cranium">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3FD410F1FACE7CC1" box="[1178,1389,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Suberites cranium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has shorter tylostyles I (120288 x 1.615 μm) and somewhat larger tylostyles II (296720 x 4.816 μm) compared to
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F64FFFC3BFB10A9FEEF7C88" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[181,332,2003,2029]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3BFB10A9FEEF7C88" box="[181,332,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Suberites inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F64FFFC3A1D10A9FE0D7C89" bold="true" box="[339,430,2003,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F64FFFC3A1D10A9FE0D7C89" box="[339,430,2003,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(I: 235457 x 511 μm; II: 423661 x 813 μm).
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDD1D8C69F65FFFD3BD910E2FB3C7C9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836957/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" startId="29.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="A911884E9F65FFFD3BD910E2FB3C7C9D" blockId="29.[151,1437,1944,2041]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F65FFFD3BD910E2FD117CD4" bold="true" box="[151,690,1944,1968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
FIGURE 10.
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F65FFFD3A6910E2FE117CD4" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[295,434,1944,1968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F65FFFD3A6910E2FE117CD4" bold="true" box="[295,434,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Suberites inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F65FFFD3AF710E2FDA87CD4" box="[441,523,1944,1968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNRJ 12869)
</emphasis>
AB, live specimen (right one in A); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section; D, detail of choanosome; E, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; FG, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; HI, tylostyles heads of FG. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; CE, 500 µm; FG, 100 µm; HI, 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A911884E9F66FFFE3B8917EDFC707A01" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
Like
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3A4F17EDFE537BD5" box="[257,496,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3A4F17EDFEDE7BD4" authorityName="Hajdu, DesqueyrouxFaundez, Carvalho, Lobo-Hajdu &amp; Willenz" authorityYear="2013" box="[257,381,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cranium">S. cranium</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3AC617EDFE537BD5" authorityName="Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa &amp; McDaniel" authorityYear="2014" box="[392,496,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lambei">S. lambei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
also possesses an ectosomal palisade and a confused choanoskeleton with moderate spongin and tylostyles without orientation, which diverges with the skeletal structure of
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3FD317C1FA977BB0" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1181,1332,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3FD317C1FA977BB0" box="[1181,1332,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Suberites inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3E7117C1FA3F7BB1" bold="true" box="[1343,1436,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F66FFFE3E7117C1FA3F7BB1" box="[1343,1436,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Additionally, the Peruvian species has two marked categories of straight (sub)tylostyles, while
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3F8F17A5FA8A7B9D" authorityName="Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa &amp; McDaniel" authorityYear="2014" box="[1217,1321,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lambei">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3F8F17A5FA8A7B9D" box="[1217,1321,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">S. lambei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses only one spicule category, which can also include sinuous tylostyles. Moreover, the tylostyle shaft in
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3E481679FACD7A79" authorityName="Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa &amp; McDaniel" authorityYear="2014" box="[1286,1390,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lambei">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3E481679FACD7A79" box="[1286,1390,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">S. lambei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can reach 30 μm, but in
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3A38165DFDAA7A24" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[374,521,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3A38165DFDAA7A24" box="[374,521,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Suberites inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE395E165DFDCA7A25" bold="true" box="[528,617,295,321]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F66FFFE395E165DFDCA7A25" box="[528,617,295,321]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, it does not exceed 13 μm. Another contrasting feature is that
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3E55165DFA207A25" authorityName="Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa &amp; McDaniel" authorityYear="2014" box="[1307,1411,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lambei">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3E55165DFA207A25" box="[1307,1411,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">S. lambei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is cushion-shaped, while
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3AD71631FD8E7A01" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[409,557,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3AD71631FDA27A01" box="[409,513,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Suberites</emphasis>
inti
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE397A1631FD2D7A01" bold="true" box="[564,654,331,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F66FFFE397A1631FD2D7A01" box="[564,654,331,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is massive and subspherical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A911884E9F66FFFE3B891615FC96797D" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3B891615FEC87AED" box="[199,363,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3B891615FEC87AED" box="[199,363,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Suberites latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3AD11615FD927AEC" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[415,561,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3AD11615FD927AEC" box="[415,561,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Suberites inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE39791615FD2C7AED" bold="true" box="[567,655,367,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F66FFFE39791615FD2C7AED" box="[567,655,367,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
bear ectosomal bouquets and a confused choanosomal with irregularly distributed multispicular tracts. Nonetheless, they differ in spicule categories. Both tylostyle categories of
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3E0716E9FA3F7AC9" box="[1353,1436,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3E0716E9FA3F7AC9" box="[1353,1436,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be curved or sinuous and are much smaller (see
<tableCitation id="E42CBDF59F66FFFE39BB16CDFCE87AB5" box="[757,843,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,239,681,707]" captionText="TABLE 9. Comparative table of records of Suberites latus including locality, external morphology, skeleton organisation and spicule category and sizes." pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Table 9</tableCitation>
) than those of
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE38B516CDFB327AB4" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1019,1169,439,465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE38B516CDFB327AB4" box="[1019,1169,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Suberites inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3FD516CDFB557AB5" bold="true" box="[1179,1270,439,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F66FFFE3FD516CDFB557AB5" box="[1179,1270,439,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(I: 235457 x 511 μm; II: 423661 x 813 μm), which are always straight. Besides, the skeleton of
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3FCB16A1FB7A7A91" box="[1157,1241,475,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3FCB16A1FB7A7A91" box="[1157,1241,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also include microscleres, which are absent in the new Peruvian species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A911884E9F66FFFE3B891559FB917905" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicName id="6EAEF3CD9F66FFFE3B891559FEF97958" authority="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2023" authorityName="Cóndor-Luján &amp; Arteaga &amp; Polo &amp; Arroyo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,346,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3B891559FEF97958" box="[199,346,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Suberites inti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9BDA545C9F66FFFE3A2E1559FE1B7959" bold="true" box="[352,440,547,573]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80E9E9279F66FFFE3A2E1559FE1B7959" box="[352,440,547,573]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished by the presence of bouquets on the ectosome and multispicular tracts on the choanosome, and the dimensions of its two categories of straight tylostyles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Shallow Suberitida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Peru</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Arteaga, Alvaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; aarteagabengoa 14 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6001 - 8358</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">aarteagabengoa14@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Polo, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; cpolobio @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6775 - 8156</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cpolobio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arroyo, Yessenia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; ysabel 0396 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2477 - 7079</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ysabel0396@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Willenz, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B- 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium philippe. willenz @ naturalsciences. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4127 - 9346</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">philippe.willenz@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, S / N, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">675A2650-4738-4DDB-8970-1FE4307F6B3C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F66FFC03BD914E3FAFD7AB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/210739589F66FFC03BD914E3FAFD7AB5" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<subSubSection box="[151,623,921,948]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,623,921,983]" box="[151,623,921,948]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,623,921,948]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" reason="1">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="55HM4" ID-ENA="942632" authority="Bergquist, 1967" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,623,921,948]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,623,921,948]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,240,921,947]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Terpios</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[285,420,921,948]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">granulosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[427,623,921,947]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref19609" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1967) Additions to the Sponge Fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Micronesica, 3 (2), 159 - 174." type="journal article" year="1967">Bergquist, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,388,957,983]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,623,921,983]" box="[151,388,957,983]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,270,957,983]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,251,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@31.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Terpios cf. granulosus Bergquist, 1967. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11399 and MNRJ 11495 respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transversal ground section; DF, tylostyles; GJ, details of D. Scale bars:A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; DF, 50 μm; GJ, 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836959/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Figure 11</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[281,379,957,983]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,239,512,536]" captionText="TABLE 10. Spicule measurements of Terpios. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Table 10</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1029,2027]" box="[151,967,1029,1058]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<materialsCitation box="[151,967,1029,1058]" latitude="21.433332" location="Kaneohe Bay" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-157.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,310,1029,1055]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,1029,1055]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Oahu,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F66FFC03BD914E3FAFD7AB5:AC71DE959F66FFFE3ADE137FFD8A7F44" box="[400,553,1029,1056]" latitude="21.433332" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-157.8" name="Kaneohe Bay" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" stateProvince="Hawaii">Kaneohe Bay</location>
,
<collectingRegion box="[564,645,1029,1055]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[660,790,1030,1058]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="15" seconds="0" value="21.433332">21°260″ N</geoCoordinate>
, (
<geoCoordinate box="[810,955,1031,1058]" degrees="157" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-157.8">157°480″W</geoCoordinate>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1029,2027]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,432,1065,1091]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Material examined.</emphasis>
Seven specimens.
<materialsCitation box="[642,798,1065,1092]" collectionCode="MNRJ" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" specimenCode="MNRJ 11361" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[642,795,1065,1092]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">MNRJ 11361</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation box="[805,1001,1065,1092]" collectionCode="MNRJ" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" specimenCode="MNRJ 11366" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[805,955,1065,1092]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">MNRJ 11366</specimenCode>
and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="K. L. Aguirre &amp; E. Hajdu &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" country="Chile" county="Lambayeque" elevation="0" latitude="-6.9216666" location="Bajo El" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.72044" municipality="Lobos de Afuera Islands" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" specimenCode="MNRJ 11390" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1007,1160,1065,1092]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">MNRJ 11390</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F66FFC03BD914E3FAFD7AB5:AC71DE959F66FFFE3FDC1353FB457F27" box="[1170,1254,1065,1091]" country="Chile" county="Lambayeque" latitude="-6.9216666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.72044" municipality="Lobos de Afuera Islands" name="Bajo El" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Bajo El</location>
<collectingCountry box="[1260,1323,1065,1091]" name="Chile" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Lobos de Afuera Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[329,474,1101,1127]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Lambayeque</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[489,654,1101,1130]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="18.00" value="-6.9216666">06°5518.00″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[661,839,1101,1130]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="13.60" value="-80.72044">80°4313.60″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[858,1218,1101,1128]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">8.5 m, 10.8 m and 10.9 m depth</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[1285,1432,1101,1128]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">K.L. Aguirre</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[151,255,1137,1164]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">E. Hajdu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[268,385,1137,1164]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[425,560,1137,1163]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
, 05.X.2007, 06.X.2007
</materialsCitation>
, and
<date box="[893,1014,1137,1163]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2007-10-06">06.X.2007</date>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-10-07" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="K. L. Aguirre &amp; E. Hajdu &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" elevation="12" latitude="-6.914583" location="Lobos de Afuera Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.71552" municipality="Lambayeque" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" specimenCode="MNRJ 11399" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1027,1183,1137,1164]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">MNRJ 11399</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1196,1353,1137,1163]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">San Cristobal</collectingCountry>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F66FFC03BD914E3FAFD7AB5:AC71DE959F66FFFE3E18130BFECB7FCB" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" latitude="-6.914583" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.71552" municipality="Lambayeque" name="Lobos de Afuera Islands" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Lobos de Afuera Islands</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[376,521,1173,1199]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Lambayeque</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[540,706,1173,1202]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="52.50" value="-6.914583">06°5452.50S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[718,897,1173,1202]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="55.90" value="-80.71552">80°4255.90W</geoCoordinate>
), 11.6 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[1157,1309,1173,1200]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">K.L. Aguirre</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1325,1432,1173,1200]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">E. Hajdu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[151,264,1209,1236]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[296,427,1209,1235]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[436,558,1209,1235]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2007-10-07">
<collectingDate box="[436,558,1209,1235]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2007-10-07">07.X.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-10-08" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="El Mono &amp; K. L. Aguirre &amp; E. Hajdu &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" elevation="6" latitude="-6.9197774" location="Lambayeque" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.71308" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" specimenCode="MNRJ 11412" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[566,718,1209,1236]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">MNRJ 11412</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName box="[727,827,1209,1236]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">El Moño</collectorName>
, Lobos de Afuera Islands,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F66FFC03BD914E3FAFD7AB5:AC71DE959F66FFFE3F1513C3FB4F7FB7" box="[1115,1260,1209,1235]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" latitude="-6.9197774" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.71308" name="Lambayeque" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Lambayeque</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1272,1437,1209,1238]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="11.20" value="-6.9197774">06°5511.20″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,331,1245,1274]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="47.10" value="-80.71308">80°4247.10″W</geoCoordinate>
), 6.1 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[544,689,1245,1272]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">K.L.Aguirre</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[699,800,1245,1272]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">E. Hajdu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[808,921,1245,1272]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[954,1086,1245,1271]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1096,1217,1245,1271]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2007-10-08">
<collectingDate box="[1096,1217,1245,1271]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2007-10-08">08.X.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-10-23" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="B. Condor-Lujan &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" elevation="2" latitude="-11.019761" location="Don Martin Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.669106" municipality="Huacho" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" specimenCode="MNRJ 11495" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1226,1378,1245,1272]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">MNRJ 11495</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F66FFC03BD914E3FAFD7AB5:AC71DE959F66FFFE3E2213A4FE907E7F" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-11.019761" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.669106" municipality="Huacho" name="Don Martin Island" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Don Martin Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[321,411,1281,1307]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Huacho</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[424,483,1281,1307]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[501,663,1281,1310]" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="11.14" value="-11.019761">11°0111.14″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[671,850,1281,1310]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="08.78" value="-77.669106">77°4008.78″W</geoCoordinate>
), 1.6 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[1082,1277,1281,1308]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">B. Cóndor-Luján</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1289,1406,1281,1308]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[151,284,1317,1343]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[295,416,1317,1343]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2007-10-23">
<collectingDate box="[295,416,1317,1343]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2007-10-23">23.X.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-11-30" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="B. Condor-Lujan &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Tumbes" elevation="11" latitude="-3.9205835" location="Roca La Chavelera" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.90831" municipality="Cancas" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" specimenCode="MNRJ 13062" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[427,582,1317,1344]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">MNRJ 13062</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F66FFC03BD914E3FAFD7AB5:AC71DE959F66FFFE391E125CFC8A7E5B" box="[592,809,1317,1344]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Tumbes" latitude="-3.9205835" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.90831" municipality="Cancas" name="Roca La Chavelera" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Roca La Chavelera</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[820,904,1317,1343]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Cancas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[914,1003,1317,1343]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Tumbes</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1018,1184,1317,1346]" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="14.10" value="-3.9205835">03°5514.10S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1190,1370,1317,1346]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" precision="1" seconds="29.90" value="-80.90831">80°5429.90W</geoCoordinate>
), 11.4 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[312,506,1353,1380]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">B. Cóndor-Luján</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[516,630,1353,1380]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[666,799,1353,1379]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[811,942,1353,1379]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2009-11-30">
<collectingDate box="[811,942,1353,1379]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2009-11-30">30.XI.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1029,2027]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1389,1415]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Description.</emphasis>
Thinly encrusting, usually less than
<quantity box="[767,844,1389,1416]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" unit="cm" value="0.1">0.1 cm</quantity>
thick, and only up to
<quantity box="[1100,1171,1389,1416]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
in maximum diameter. Small oscula (≤
<quantity box="[334,400,1425,1451]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
) scattered on the surface, some on the top or sides of short elevations. Fragile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1029,2027]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,288,1461,1487]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Colour.</emphasis>
Deep-blue (cobalt hue if subject to strong light), with green shades, in life (
<figureCitation box="[1156,1292,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,251,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@31.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Terpios cf. granulosus Bergquist, 1967. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11399 and MNRJ 11495 respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transversal ground section; DF, tylostyles; GJ, details of D. Scale bars:A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; DF, 50 μm; GJ, 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836959/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
) and blue in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1029,2027]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1533,1559]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Not much distinction between ectosomal and choanosomal skeletons, as tylostyles tufts erect on the substrate, mostly fan out and pierce the surface up to 300 µm. Occasionally, one-spicule-long tracts (ca. 50 µm across) bridge the distance between substrate and the (sub)ectosomal tufts. Some tylostyles were also found parallel to the substrate. Abundant subsurface canals or lacunae (diam = 100300 μm,
<figureCitation box="[1028,1128,1641,1667]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,251,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@31.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Terpios cf. granulosus Bergquist, 1967. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11399 and MNRJ 11495 respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transversal ground section; DF, tylostyles; GJ, details of D. Scale bars:A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; DF, 50 μm; GJ, 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836959/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1029,2027]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,297,1677,1703]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Spicules</emphasis>
. Megascleres. Tylostyles, straight or slightly curved, smooth, sharp apex, with lobate, often irregular head (100422 x 311 μm,
<figureCitation box="[459,592,1713,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,251,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@31.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Terpios cf. granulosus Bergquist, 1967. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11399 and MNRJ 11495 respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transversal ground section; DF, tylostyles; GJ, details of D. Scale bars:A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; DF, 50 μm; GJ, 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836959/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 11 DJ</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[603,703,1713,1739]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,239,512,536]" captionText="TABLE 10. Spicule measurements of Terpios. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Table 10</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1029,2027]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,1749,1775]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Ecology.</emphasis>
This species was found as epibiont on gastropods or growing directly over granitic rock. Brachiopods, zoanthids, and other sponges were observed as associated fauna.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1029,2027]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,750,1821,1847]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Geographical and bathymetrical distributions.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1967" box="[755,967,1821,1847]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis box="[755,967,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Terpios granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported from Hawaii (
<bibRefCitation author="Bergquist, P. R." pageId="30" pageNumber="481" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref19609" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1967) Additions to the Sponge Fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Micronesica, 3 (2), 159 - 174." type="journal article" year="1967">Bergquist 1967</bibRefCitation>
), Gulf of
<collectingCountry box="[321,421,1857,1883]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Putchakarn, S." box="[436,632,1857,1883]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" pagination="1635 - 1642" refId="ref23178" refString="Putchakarn, S. (2007) Species diversity of marine sponges dwelling in coral reefs in Had Khanom-Mo Ko Thale Tai National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87 (06), 1635 - 1642. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531540705833 X" type="journal article" year="2007">Putchakarn 2007</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry box="[652,725,1858,1884]" name="Kenya" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Barnes D. K. &amp; Bell, J. J." box="[740,972,1857,1883]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" pagination="337 - 349" refId="ref19488" refString="Barnes D. K. A &amp; Bell, J. J. (2002) Coastal sponge communities of the West Indian Ocean: taxonomic affinities, richness and diversity. African Journal of Ecology, 40, 337 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2028.2002.00387. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Barnes &amp; Bell 2002</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry box="[992,1140,1857,1883]" name="Mozambique" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Calcinai, B. &amp; Belfiore, G. &amp; Pica, D. &amp; Torsani, F. &amp; Palma, M. &amp; Cerrano, C." box="[1155,1381,1857,1883]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref19949" refString="Calcinai, B., Belfiore, G., Pica, D., Torsani, F., Palma, M. &amp; Cerrano, C. (2020) Porifera from Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique). European Journal of Taxonomy, 698, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2020.698" type="journal article" year="2020">
Calcinai
<emphasis box="[1258,1315,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry box="[151,286,1893,1919]" name="Madagascar" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Vacelet, J. &amp; Vasseur, P." box="[302,569,1893,1920]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" pagination="51 - 126" refId="ref25037" refString="Vacelet, J. &amp; Vasseur, P. (1971). Eponges des recifs coralliens de Tulear (Madagascar). Tethys. Supplement, 1, 51 - 126." type="journal article" year="1971">Vacelet &amp; Vasseur 1971</bibRefCitation>
) and down to
<quantity box="[727,784,1893,1920]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation author="Calcinai, B. &amp; Belfiore, G. &amp; Pica, D. &amp; Torsani, F. &amp; Palma, M. &amp; Cerrano, C." box="[866,1090,1893,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref19949" refString="Calcinai, B., Belfiore, G., Pica, D., Torsani, F., Palma, M. &amp; Cerrano, C. (2020) Porifera from Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique). European Journal of Taxonomy, 698, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2020.698" type="journal article" year="2020">
Calcinai
<emphasis box="[967,1023,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1967" box="[1108,1356,1893,1919]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis box="[1108,1191,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Terpios</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis box="[1232,1356,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the SE Pacific, along the coast of
<collectingCountry box="[582,638,1930,1956]" name="Peru" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Cancas (03°), Lobos de Afuera (06°) and Don Martin Islands (11°). MEOW in
<collectingCountry box="[275,331,1966,1992]" name="Peru" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Guayaquil and Central
<collectingCountry box="[602,653,1966,1992]" name="Peru" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Peru</collectingCountry>
ecoregions (
<bibRefCitation author="Spalding, M. D. &amp; Fox, H. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Davidson, N. &amp; Ferdana, Z. A. &amp; Finlayson, M. &amp; Halpern, B. S. &amp; Jorge, M. A. &amp; Lombana, A. &amp; Lourie, S. A. &amp; Martin, K. D. &amp; McManus, E. &amp; Molnar, J. &amp; Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J." box="[797,1030,1965,1991]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref24187" refString="Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdana, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707" type="journal article" year="2007">
Spalding
<emphasis box="[905,962,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). From intertidal to
<quantity box="[1253,1310,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
depth (this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836959/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" startId="31.[151,251,1944,1968]" targetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1436,1944,2041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,721,1944,1968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
FIGURE 11.
<taxonomicName authority="Bergquist, 1967" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1967" box="[296,715,1944,1968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[296,374,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Terpios</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[415,534,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">granulosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[541,715,1944,1968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref19609" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1967) Additions to the Sponge Fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Micronesica, 3 (2), 159 - 174." type="journal article" year="1967">Bergquist, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11399 and MNRJ 11495 respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transversal ground section; DF, tylostyles; GJ, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; DF, 50 μm; GJ, 2 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="483" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Remarks.</emphasis>
Thirteen species are currently recognised as valid in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[910,993,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[910,993,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Terpios</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, four of which originally reported from the Pacific, but none from its eastern rim (
<bibRefCitation author="de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Downey, R. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Morrow, C. C. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Rtzler, K. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[645,894,187,213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" refId="ref20688" refString="de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Boury-Esnault, N., Carballo, J. L., Cardenas, P., Diaz, M. - C., Dohrmann, M., Downey, R., Hajdu, E., Hooper, J. N. A., Kelly, M., Klautau, M., Manconi, R., Morrow, C. C., Pisera, A. B., Rios, P., Rtzler, K., Sch ˆ nberg, C., Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2022) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 27 February 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
de Voogd
<emphasis box="[765,824,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). Blueish/greenish species occur in the Pacific,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,305,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis box="[151,305,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">T. granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(de Laubenfels, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[363,715,222,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quiza">
<emphasis box="[363,454,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">T. quiza</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[470,708,222,249]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" refId="ref20521" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1954) The Sponges of the West-Central Pacific. In: Oregon State College (Ed.), Oregon State Monographs. Studies in Zoology. Vol. 7. Oregon State College Press, Corvallis, Oregon, pp. 106 - 108." type="book" year="1954">de Laubenfels, 1954</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, as well as in the Atlantic,
<taxonomicName authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis box="[1029,1121,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">T. fugax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing, P. &amp; Michelotti, G." pageId="32" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref21029" refString="Duchassaing, P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21 (2), 1 - 124, pls. I - XXV." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Rtzler &amp; Smith, 1993" authorityName="Rtzler &amp; Smith" authorityYear="1993" box="[269,694,259,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="manglaris">
<emphasis box="[269,414,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">T. manglaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rtzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P." box="[424,694,259,287]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" pagination="273 - 432" refId="ref23506" refString="Rtzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1993) The genus Terpios (Suberitidae) and new species in the &quot; Lobiceps &quot; complex. pp. 381 - 393. In: Uriz, M. - J. &amp; Rtzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in ecology and sytematics of sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 273 - 432." type="journal article" year="1993">Ŗtzler &amp; Smith, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Overall, tylostyles of the Atlantic species seem to attain larger sizes, with spicules reaching over 400 µm, while both Pacific species reach at most 350 µm (
<tableCitation box="[1214,1315,295,321]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,239,512,536]" captionText="TABLE 10. Spicule measurements of Terpios. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Table 10</tableCitation>
). Peruvian specimens can also present tylostyles longer than 400 µm, which suggests a revision of these species is needed. For now, the Pacific species coming closest to the analysed specimens is
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1967" box="[910,1060,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis box="[910,1060,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">T. granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the tylostyles of the Peruvian specimens seem to have stouter dimensions (192352 x 1.86 vs 100422 x 310 μm). Therefore, the name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1967" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis box="[1379,1400,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">T.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis box="[151,275,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was chosen by us, based on the unlikelihood of natural amphi-American distributions of sponges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
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<mods:namePart>Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[151,734,680,706]" box="[151,734,680,706]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,734,680,706]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,734,680,706]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
Genus
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="84V5N" ID-ENA="283537" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[238,734,680,706]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,327,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Terpios</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing, P. &amp; Michelotti, G." box="[334,734,680,706]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref21029" refString="Duchassaing, P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21 (2), 1 - 124, pls. I - XXV." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,540,752,779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1195,752,852]" box="[151,540,752,779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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<emphasis box="[273,335,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">sensu</emphasis>
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Genus
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,418,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Johannesia reticulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[433,588,690,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,596,690,753]" box="[151,361,727,753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,257,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,254,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Johannesia reticulosa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12073 and MNRJ 12198 respectively); C, skeleton structure of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; E, oxea; FG, Details of E; H, subtylostyle; IJ, details of H. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 µm; D, 200 µm; EH, 100 µm; FG, 50 µm; IJ, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836948/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figure 6</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[268,352,727,753]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,239,666,692]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Johannesia reticulosa. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Table 6</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1436,795,850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,271,795,819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Thiele (1905)" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[278,642,795,819]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Vosmaeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reticulosa">
<emphasis box="[278,492,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Vosmaeria reticulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[499,642,795,819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele (1905)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 423, Fig. 45ac;
<bibRefCitation author="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[826,1144,795,819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="787 - 815" refId="ref21073" refString="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 787 - 815." type="book chapter" year="2002">Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 815.
<taxonomicName authority=": Gerasimova et al. (2008)" authorityName="Gerasimova" authorityYear="2008" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Johannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reticulosa">
<emphasis box="[1206,1429,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Johannesia reticulosa</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Gerasimova, E. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A." box="[199,457,826,850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref21572" refString="Gerasimova, E., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A. (2008) Vosmaeria Fristedt, 1885 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halichondriidae): Revision of species, phylogenetic reconstruction and evidence for split. Zootaxa, 1694 (1), 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1694.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Gerasimova
<emphasis box="[328,379,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 19,
<figureCitation box="[504,576,826,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Suberites inti sp. nov. (MNRJ 12869) AB, live specimen (right one in A); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section; D, detail of choanosome; E, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; FG, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; HI, tylostyles heads of FG. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; CE, 500 µm; FG, 100 µm; HI, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836957/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
12;
<bibRefCitation author="Polo, C. &amp; Moreno, B. &amp; Arroyo, Y. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B." box="[627,808,826,850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="326 - 334" refId="ref23117" refString="Polo, C., Moreno, B., Arroyo, Y. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. (2022) On some cryptic sponges associated with Lessonia trabeculata holdfasts in the Southeastern Pacific. Marine Biology Research, 18 (5 - 6), 326 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2022.2123521" type="journal article" year="2022">
Polo
<emphasis box="[680,731,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
: 330331,
<figureCitation box="[919,978,826,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halichondria (Halichondria) prostrata Thiele, 1905. A, live specimen (MNRJ 12884); B, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; C, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, oxea; EF, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; BC, 500 cm; D, 100 µm; EF, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836938/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,896,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,392,896,922]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Material examined.</emphasis>
Nine specimens.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-10-23" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="B. Condor Lujan &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" elevation="2" location="Huacho" municipality="Don Martin Island" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" specimenCode="MNRJ 11493, MNRJ 11496" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lima">
<specimenCode box="[615,773,896,923]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MNRJ 11493</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[844,1005,896,923]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MNRJ 11496</specimenCode>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1024,1249,896,923]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Don Martin Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F69FFF43BD915C8FD177A25:AC71DE959F69FFF13FBA14FAFAED78FE" box="[1268,1358,896,922]" municipality="Don Martin Island" name="Huacho" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" stateProvince="Lima">Huacho</location>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1377,1436,896,922]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Lima</collectingRegion>
(110111.14″S 774008.78″W), 11 and
<elevation box="[588,725,932,959]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="1.8">
<quantity box="[588,653,932,959]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="1.8">1.8 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, respectively, coll.
<collectorName box="[942,1135,932,959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">B. Cóndor Luján</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1146,1261,932,959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[1298,1432,932,958]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[151,272,968,994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2007-10-23">
<collectingDate box="[151,272,968,994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2007-10-23">23.X.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-11-08" collectionCode="ENAPU" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz &amp; M. Rios." county="Pier" elevation="18" location="Moquega" municipality="Ilo" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" specimenCode="MNRJ 12073" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lima">
<specimenCode box="[282,435,968,995]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MNRJ 12073</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[445,538,968,994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">ENAPU</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty box="[544,591,968,994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Pier</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[600,634,968,994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Ilo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F69FFF43BD915C8FD177A25:AC71DE959F69FFF139CA14B3FD4D7887" box="[644,750,969,995]" county="Pier" municipality="Ilo" name="Moquega" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" stateProvince="Lima">Moquega</location>
(173843.00″S 712904.60″W),
<elevation box="[1107,1254,968,995]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="18.3">
<quantity box="[1107,1184,968,995]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="18.3">18.3 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[1317,1432,968,995]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[151,286,1004,1030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[330,432,1004,1031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">M. Ríos.</collectorName>
<date box="[443,574,1004,1030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2008-11-08">
<collectingDate box="[443,574,1004,1030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2008-11-08">08.XI.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; M. Vilchez &amp; Ph. Willenz." county="Inlet" elevation="4" location="Quilca" municipality="Quilca" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" specimenCode="MNRJ 12161, MNRJ 12171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arequipa">
<specimenCode box="[588,744,1004,1031]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MNRJ 12161</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[807,966,1004,1031]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MNRJ 12171</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCounty box="[981,1032,1004,1030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Inlet</collectingCounty>
north of
<collectingMunicipality box="[1148,1225,1004,1030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Quilca</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F69FFF43BD915C8FD177A25:AC71DE959F69FFF13F971496FA857F62" box="[1241,1318,1004,1030]" county="Inlet" municipality="Quilca" name="Quilca" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" stateProvince="Arequipa">Quilca</location>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1332,1436,1004,1030]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Arequipa</collectingRegion>
(164206.10″S 722654.00″W), 9.2 and
<elevation box="[604,744,1040,1067]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="4.4">
<quantity box="[604,670,1040,1067]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="4.4">4.4 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[814,932,1040,1067]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[945,1071,1040,1067]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">M. Vilchez</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[1111,1251,1040,1066]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Ph. Willenz.</collectorName>
30.XI.2008 and
<date box="[151,292,1076,1102]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2008-12-01">01.XII.2008</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-05" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="de Marcona &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; M. Vilchez &amp; Ph. Willenz" elevation="19" location="El Avion Islet" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" specimenCode="MNRJ 12198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Juan">
<specimenCode box="[301,455,1076,1103]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MNRJ 12198</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F69FFF43BD915C8FD177A25:AC71DE959F69FFF13A9C134EFDCE7F2A" box="[466,621,1076,1102]" name="El Avion Islet" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" stateProvince="San Juan">El Avion Islet</location>
,
<collectingRegion box="[631,731,1076,1103]" country="Argentina" name="San Juan" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">San Juan</collectingRegion>
<collectorName box="[737,872,1076,1103]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">de Marcona</collectorName>
, Ica (152326.20″S 751045. 20″W),
<elevation box="[1284,1432,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="18.9">
<quantity box="[1284,1361,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="18.9">18.9 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[207,325,1112,1139]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[337,462,1112,1139]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">M. Vilchez</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[500,635,1112,1138]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[647,787,1112,1139]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2008-12-05">
<collectingDate box="[647,787,1112,1139]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2008-12-05">05.XII.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-12" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" county="Bocana" elevation="5" location="Paracas" municipality="Laguna Grande" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" specimenCode="MNRJ 12845, MNRJ 12846, MNRJ 12852" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ica">
<specimenCode box="[799,955,1112,1139]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MNRJ 12845</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[967,1120,1112,1139]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MNRJ 12846</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[1177,1333,1112,1139]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MNRJ 12852</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1345,1432,1113,1139]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Bocana</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,326,1148,1175]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Laguna Grande</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F69FFF43BD915C8FD177A25:AC71DE959F69FFF13A011307FE047FF3" box="[335,423,1149,1175]" county="Bocana" municipality="Laguna Grande" name="Paracas" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" stateProvince="Ica">Paracas</location>
,
<collectingRegion box="[433,467,1149,1175]" country="Peru" name="Ica" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Ica</collectingRegion>
(140931.10″S 761455.90″W), 5.6, 5.7 and
<elevation box="[959,1091,1148,1175]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="4.8">
<quantity box="[959,1021,1148,1175]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="4.8">4.8 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[1155,1268,1148,1175]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[1300,1432,1148,1174]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[151,292,1184,1210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2008-12-12">
<collectingDate box="[151,292,1184,1210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2008-12-12">12.XII.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,896,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1220,1246]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Description.</emphasis>
Encrusting, massively spreading, lobate, ridged, lamellate or slightly tubiform. Dimensions can exceed
<quantity box="[235,290,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
in thickness and
<quantity box="[482,551,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
in largest diameter. Oscula circular (diam =
<quantity box="[1046,1143,1256,1282]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 mm</quantity>
), flat, or more often apical with short membranes. Differentiable and detachable ectosome. Surface slightly reticulated, as observed in some underwater images. Compressible consistency.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,896,1967]" box="[199,1428,1364,1391]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,288,1364,1390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Colour.</emphasis>
Light yellow to orange, greenish and/or with brownish spots in life and beige in ethanol (
<figureCitation box="[1292,1414,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,254,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Johannesia reticulosa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12073 and MNRJ 12198 respectively); C, skeleton structure of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; E, oxea; FG, Details of E; H, subtylostyle; IJ, details of H. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 µm; D, 200 µm; EH, 100 µm; FG, 50 µm; IJ, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836948/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,896,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1400,1426]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Ectosomal, a dense, criss-crossed layer of subtylostyles forming loose brushes, slightly piercing the surface. Few oxeas were also observed in the ectosome, mostly laying tangentially (
<figureCitation box="[1096,1185,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,254,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Johannesia reticulosa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12073 and MNRJ 12198 respectively); C, skeleton structure of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; E, oxea; FG, Details of E; H, subtylostyle; IJ, details of H. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 µm; D, 200 µm; EH, 100 µm; FG, 50 µm; IJ, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836948/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal, much less dense, composed of paucispicular to multispicular tracts of oxeas, irregular, loosely reticulated, overlaid by subtylostyles disposed in confusion. Large subectosomal lacunae were also seen (
<figureCitation box="[1065,1155,1508,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,254,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Johannesia reticulosa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12073 and MNRJ 12198 respectively); C, skeleton structure of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; E, oxea; FG, Details of E; H, subtylostyle; IJ, details of H. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 µm; D, 200 µm; EH, 100 µm; FG, 50 µm; IJ, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836948/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,896,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1544,1570]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres. Oxeas, slightly to markedly curved, and with acerate tips. (166840 x 522 µm,
<figureCitation box="[151,268,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,254,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Johannesia reticulosa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12073 and MNRJ 12198 respectively); C, skeleton structure of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; E, oxea; FG, Details of E; H, subtylostyle; IJ, details of H. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 µm; D, 200 µm; EH, 100 µm; FG, 50 µm; IJ, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836948/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 6EG</figureCitation>
). Subtylostyles, mostly slightly curved but also straight, faintly pronounced heads, and with acerate tips (129465 x 413 µm,
<figureCitation box="[401,512,1616,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,254,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Johannesia reticulosa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12073 and MNRJ 12198 respectively); C, skeleton structure of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; E, oxea; FG, Details of E; H, subtylostyle; IJ, details of H. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 µm; D, 200 µm; EH, 100 µm; FG, 50 µm; IJ, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836948/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 6HJ</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[525,610,1616,1642]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,239,666,692]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Johannesia reticulosa. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Table 6</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,896,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,1652,1678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Ecology.</emphasis>
This species was found associated with the sponge
<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[902,1327,1652,1679]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="expansa">
<emphasis box="[902,1155,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Plicatellopsis expansa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[1174,1319,1652,1679]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and with the holdfast of
<taxonomicName authority="(Polo et al. 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Polo" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[324,774,1688,1714]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Lessonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trabeculata">
<emphasis box="[324,561,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Lessonia trabeculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Polo, C. &amp; Moreno, B. &amp; Arroyo, Y. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B." box="[578,766,1688,1714]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="326 - 334" refId="ref23117" refString="Polo, C., Moreno, B., Arroyo, Y. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. (2022) On some cryptic sponges associated with Lessonia trabeculata holdfasts in the Southeastern Pacific. Marine Biology Research, 18 (5 - 6), 326 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2022.2123521" type="journal article" year="2022">
Polo
<emphasis box="[639,697,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The specimens analysed were found occurring associated to anemones (
<emphasis box="[318,529,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Anthotoe chilensis</emphasis>
), polychaetes (e.g. Sabellid), the brachyopod
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Broderip" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1073,1312,1724,1750]" class="Lingulata" family="Discinidae" genus="Discinisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lingulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="lamellosa">
<emphasis box="[1073,1312,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Discinisca lamellosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, cirripeds, mytilids, schrimps, and other sponges (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Minchin" authorityYear="1900" box="[596,741,1760,1786]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Clathrinidae</taxonomicName>
). Some specimens were found underneath rocks or in shaded habitats. Some crabs were observed living in galleries of the largest sponge specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,896,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,730,1832,1858]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Geographic and bathymetrical distributions.</emphasis>
SE Pacific: From central
<collectingCountry box="[1014,1065,1833,1859]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Peru</collectingCountry>
(Huacho,
<collectingRegion box="[1181,1243,1832,1858]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Lima</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1253,1308,1832,1858]" degrees="11" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" precision="55555" value="-11.0">11°S</geoCoordinate>
, this study) to northern
<collectingCountry box="[289,350,1868,1894]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Chile</collectingCountry>
(Iquique,
<geoCoordinate box="[473,529,1868,1894]" degrees="20" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" precision="55555" value="-20.0">20°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[545,684,1868,1895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
) including intermediate localities (Paracas, Marcona and Quilca, this study,
<bibRefCitation author="Gerasimova, E. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A." box="[276,547,1904,1930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref21572" refString="Gerasimova, E., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A. (2008) Vosmaeria Fristedt, 1885 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halichondriidae): Revision of species, phylogenetic reconstruction and evidence for split. Zootaxa, 1694 (1), 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1694.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Gerasimova
<emphasis box="[420,479,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Polo, C. &amp; Moreno, B. &amp; Arroyo, Y. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B." box="[561,750,1904,1930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="326 - 334" refId="ref23117" refString="Polo, C., Moreno, B., Arroyo, Y. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. (2022) On some cryptic sponges associated with Lessonia trabeculata holdfasts in the Southeastern Pacific. Marine Biology Research, 18 (5 - 6), 326 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2022.2123521" type="journal article" year="2022">
Polo
<emphasis box="[621,680,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). MEOW in
<collectingCountry box="[899,955,1905,1931]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Central
<collectingCountry box="[1059,1110,1905,1931]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Peru</collectingCountry>
and Humboldtian ecoregion (
<bibRefCitation author="Spalding, M. D. &amp; Fox, H. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Davidson, N. &amp; Ferdana, Z. A. &amp; Finlayson, M. &amp; Halpern, B. S. &amp; Jorge, M. A. &amp; Lombana, A. &amp; Lourie, S. A. &amp; Martin, K. D. &amp; McManus, E. &amp; Molnar, J. &amp; Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J." box="[159,391,1940,1966]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref24187" refString="Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdana, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707" type="journal article" year="2007">
Spalding
<emphasis box="[267,323,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). From
<quantity box="[477,520,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
(this study) to
<quantity box="[689,746,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
(Iquique,
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[862,1000,1940,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836948/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" startId="18.[151,254,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1436,1909,2042]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,699,1909,1933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
FIGURE 6.
<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[288,694,1909,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Johannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reticulosa">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[288,546,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Johannesia reticulosa (</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[546,686,1909,1933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12073 and MNRJ 12198 respectively); C, skeleton structure of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; E, oxea; FG, Details of E; H, subtylostyle; IJ, details of H. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 µm; D, 200 µm; EH, 100 µm; FG, 50 µm; IJ, 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption box="[151,1769,666,692]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" startId="19.[151,239,666,692]">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1769,666,692]" box="[151,1769,666,692]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,666,692]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[548,782,666,692]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Johannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reticulosa">
<emphasis box="[548,782,666,692]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Johannesia reticulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<table box="[165,2014,710,1548]" gridcols="12" gridrows="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<tr box="[165,2014,710,735]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[165,419,710,735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[165,269,710,735]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[504,796,710,735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[504,593,710,735]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Locality</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[902,1055,710,735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[935,1024,710,735]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Spicules</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1243,1422,710,735]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1255,1391,710,735]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Length (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1687,1836,710,735]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1698,1825,710,735]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Width (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1989,2014,710,735]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1993,2011,710,735]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">N</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,758,783]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td box="[1128,1173,758,783]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1128,1173,758,783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Min</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,758,783]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1243,1305,758,783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,758,783]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1378,1410,758,783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,758,783]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1480,1529,758,783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Max</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,758,783]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1584,1629,758,783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Min</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,758,783]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1687,1749,758,783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,758,783]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1804,1836,758,783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,758,783]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1889,1938,758,783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Max</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,806,831]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<th box="[165,419,806,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">MNRJ 12073</th>
<td box="[504,796,806,831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">ENAPU Pier, Ilo, Moquegua</td>
<td box="[902,1055,806,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Oxeas</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,806,831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">429</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,806,831]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">502.7</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,806,831]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">62.5</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,806,831]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">634</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,806,831]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">10</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,806,831]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">13.9</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,806,831]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">1.8</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,806,831]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">17</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,806,831]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">14</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,853,878]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td box="[902,1055,853,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Subtylostyles</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,853,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">212</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,853,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">320.0</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,853,878]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">49.2</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,853,878]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">434</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,853,878]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">8</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,853,878]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">11.0</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,853,878]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">1.2</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,853,878]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">13</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,853,878]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,901,926]" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<th box="[165,419,901,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">MNRJ 12161</th>
<td box="[504,796,901,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Quilca, Arequipa</td>
<td box="[902,1055,901,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Oxeas</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,901,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">341</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,901,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">503.3</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,901,926]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">71.7</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,901,926]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">616</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,901,926]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">7</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,901,926]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">13.4</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,901,926]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">2.9</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,901,926]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">18</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,901,926]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,949,974]" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td box="[902,1055,949,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Subtylostyles</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,949,974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">138</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,949,974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">256.7</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,949,974]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">70.9</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,949,974]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">364</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,949,974]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">5</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,949,974]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">7.9</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,949,974]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">1.5</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,949,974]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">11</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,949,974]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,997,1022]" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<th box="[165,419,997,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">MNRJ 12171</th>
<td box="[504,796,997,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Quilca, Arequipa</td>
<td box="[902,1055,997,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Oxeas</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,997,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">342</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,997,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">503.5</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,997,1022]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">90.1</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,997,1022]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">693</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,997,1022]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">7</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,997,1022]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">13.1</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,997,1022]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">3.1</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,997,1022]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">18</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,997,1022]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1045,1070]" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td box="[902,1055,1045,1070]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Subtylostyles</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1045,1070]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">165</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1045,1070]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">268.2</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,1045,1070]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">58.5</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1045,1070]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">363</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1045,1070]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">4</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1045,1070]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">8.7</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,1045,1070]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">1.6</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1045,1070]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">12</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1045,1070]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1092,1117]" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<th box="[165,419,1092,1117]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">MNRJ 12198</th>
<td box="[504,796,1092,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Marcona, Ica</td>
<td box="[902,1055,1092,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Oxeas</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1092,1117]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">444</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1092,1117]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">616.3</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,1092,1117]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">90.1</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1092,1117]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">840</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1092,1117]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">9</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1092,1117]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">15.1</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,1092,1117]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">3.2</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1092,1117]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">22</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1092,1117]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1140,1165]" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td box="[902,1055,1140,1165]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Subtylostyles</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1140,1165]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">182</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1140,1165]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">287.9</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,1140,1165]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">65.5</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1140,1165]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">465</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1140,1165]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">5</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1140,1165]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">8.4</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,1140,1165]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">1.6</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1140,1165]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">11</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1140,1165]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1188,1213]" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<th box="[165,419,1188,1213]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">MNRJ 12845</th>
<td box="[504,796,1188,1213]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Laguna Grande, Paracas, Ica</td>
<td box="[902,1055,1188,1213]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Oxeas</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1188,1213]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">282</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1188,1213]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">429.8</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,1188,1213]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">59.4</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1188,1213]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">574</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1188,1213]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">8</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1188,1213]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">11.8</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,1188,1213]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">1.7</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1188,1213]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">16</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1188,1213]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1236,1261]" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td box="[902,1055,1236,1261]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Subtylostyles</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1236,1261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">134</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1236,1261]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">218.2</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,1236,1261]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">57.9</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1236,1261]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">310</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1236,1261]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">4</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1236,1261]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">7.3</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,1236,1261]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">1.9</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1236,1261]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">11</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1236,1261]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1284,1309]" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<th box="[165,419,1284,1309]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">MNRJ 12852</th>
<td box="[504,796,1284,1309]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Laguna Grande, Paracas, Ica</td>
<td box="[902,1055,1284,1309]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Oxeas</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1284,1309]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">166</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1284,1309]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">405.6</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,1284,1309]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">110.9</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1284,1309]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">578</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1284,1309]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">5</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1284,1309]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">11.0</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,1284,1309]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">3.1</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1284,1309]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">17</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1284,1309]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">28</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1331,1356]" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td box="[902,1055,1331,1356]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Subtylostyles</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1331,1356]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">129</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1331,1356]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">185.7</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,1331,1356]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">33.5</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1331,1356]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">237</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1331,1356]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">5</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1331,1356]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">6.8</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,1331,1356]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">1.0</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1331,1356]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">10</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1331,1356]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1379,1404]" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<th box="[165,419,1379,1404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">HL 2352, 2354, 2425</th>
<td box="[504,796,1379,1404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">San Gallán, Paracas, Ica</td>
<td box="[902,1055,1379,1404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Oxeas</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1379,1404]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">215</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1379,1404]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">503.0</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,1379,1404]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1379,1404]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">710</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1379,1404]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">5</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1379,1404]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">11.8</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,1379,1404]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1379,1404]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">20</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1379,1404]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">90</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1415,1452]" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-1="1">
<th box="[165,419,1415,1452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
(
<bibRefCitation author="Gerasimova, E. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A." box="[174,412,1415,1440]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref21572" refString="Gerasimova, E., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A. (2008) Vosmaeria Fristedt, 1885 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halichondriidae): Revision of species, phylogenetic reconstruction and evidence for split. Zootaxa, 1694 (1), 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1694.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Gerasimova
<emphasis box="[303,354,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
)
</th>
<td box="[902,1055,1415,1452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">(Sub)tylostyles</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1415,1452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">158</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1415,1452]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">276.0</td>
<td box="[1366,1422,1415,1452]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1415,1452]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">400</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1415,1452]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">3</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1415,1452]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">6.5</td>
<td box="[1804,1836,1415,1452]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1415,1452]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">15</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1415,1452]" gridcol="11" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">90</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1475,1500]" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th box="[165,419,1475,1500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
Holotype (
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[275,398,1475,1500]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</th>
<td box="[504,796,1475,1500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Iquique, Chile</td>
<td box="[902,1055,1475,1500]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Oxeas</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1475,1500]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1475,1500]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">525</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1475,1500]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1475,1500]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1475,1500]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">15</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1475,1500]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1475,1500]" gridcol="11" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2014,1523,1548]" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[902,1055,1523,1548]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Subtylostyles</td>
<td box="[1128,1173,1523,1548]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1243,1305,1523,1548]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">350</td>
<td box="[1480,1529,1523,1548]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1584,1629,1523,1548]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1687,1749,1523,1548]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">8</td>
<td box="[1889,1938,1523,1548]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
<td box="[1989,2014,1523,1548]" gridcol="11" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Remarks.</emphasis>
The analysed specimens conform to
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[737,984,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Johannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reticulosa">
<emphasis box="[737,984,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Johannesia reticulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry box="[1054,1115,151,177]" name="Chile" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Chile</collectingCountry>
in external morphology and internal anatomy. Although slight differences in spicule dimensions were observed in specimens from Laguna Grande (Paracas, Ica) as they bear smaller oxeas and subtylostyles (
<tableCitation box="[926,1012,223,249]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,239,666,692]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Johannesia reticulosa. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Table 6</tableCitation>
), this can be attributed to the species geographic variation. Previously,
<bibRefCitation author="Gerasimova, E. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A." box="[528,808,259,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref21572" refString="Gerasimova, E., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A. (2008) Vosmaeria Fristedt, 1885 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halichondriidae): Revision of species, phylogenetic reconstruction and evidence for split. Zootaxa, 1694 (1), 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1694.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Gerasimova
<emphasis box="[670,727,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
reported significant spicule size differences in Peruvian specimens, when compared to the
<typeStatus box="[537,585,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="675A2650-4738-4DDB-8970-1FE4307F6B3C" approvalRequired="10" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="4" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="6" checkinTime="1681729821835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi, Arteaga, Alvaro, Polo, Christian, Arroyo, Yessenia, Willenz, Philippe &amp; Hajdu, Eduardo" docDate="2023" docId="210739589F6CFFF43BD916A0FCC179E3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5264.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5264 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plicatellopsis Burton 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="471" masterDocId="DD3E41209F78FFE03B4E177AFFA37B64" masterDocTitle="Shallow Suberitida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Peru" masterLastPageNumber="489" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="471" updateTime="1681729959824" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Shallow Suberitida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Peru</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arteaga, Alvaro</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-6001-8358</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; aarteagabengoa 14 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6001 - 8358</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">aarteagabengoa14@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Polo, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; cpolobio @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6775 - 8156</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; ysabel 0396 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2477 - 7079</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:namePart>Willenz, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B- 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium philippe. willenz @ naturalsciences. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4127 - 9346</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,569,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,569,474,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
Genus
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,398,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Plicatellopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M." box="[405,569,474,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="237 - 392" refId="ref19799" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection box="[151,540,546,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,546,572]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Diagnosis</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[273,335,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="van Soest, R. W. M." box="[343,536,547,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="227 - 244" refId="ref25070" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Suberitidae Schmidt. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 227 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 25" type="book chapter" year="2002">van Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="20.[151,866,546,647]" box="[199,811,582,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,354,582,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<typeStatus box="[199,258,583,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Burton, 1932" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[361,811,583,609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis box="[361,657,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Plicatellopsis arborescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M." box="[663,811,583,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="237 - 392" refId="ref19799" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,866,618,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,866,546,647]" box="[199,866,618,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<materialsCitation box="[199,866,618,647]" latitude="-52.3" location="East Falkland Island" longLatPrecision="17" longitude="-59.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,358,618,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<typeStatus box="[199,258,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF43BD916A0FCC179E3:AC71DE959F6CFFF43A221511FDF279E1" box="[364,593,619,645]" latitude="-52.3" longLatPrecision="17" longitude="-59.8" name="East Falkland Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">East Falkland Island</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[608,724,620,647]" degrees="52" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-52.3">52°180″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[731,858,620,647]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-59.8">59°480″W</geoCoordinate>
)
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</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,881 @@
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B- 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium philippe. willenz @ naturalsciences. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4127 - 9346</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection box="[151,596,726,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="nomenclature">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,596,726,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6VRM2" authority="(Thiele, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,596,726,753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="expansa">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,596,726,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,417,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Plicatellopsis expansa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[433,588,726,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,596,726,789]" box="[151,361,763,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,257,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plicatellopsis expansa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimen between 10 and 15 m (MNRJ 11248); C, live specimen at 45 m (MNRJ 12152); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 11247); EF, subtylostyles I &amp; II (MNRJ 11247); GH, subtylostyles heads of EF. Scale bars: AB, 2 cm; C, 2 cm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836950/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Figure 7</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[268,352,763,789]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="21.[152,244,440,464]" captionText="TABLE 7. Spicule measurements of Plicatellopsis expansa. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Table 7</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,831,886]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,268,831,855]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" reason="1">Synonyms.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Thiele, 1905: 427 - 428" authorityName="Thiele" authorityPageNumber="427 - 428" authorityYear="1905" box="[274,697,831,855]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="expansa">
<emphasis box="[274,461,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Plicatella expansa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[466,697,831,855]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905: 427428</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Fig. 21, 48ac.
<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[859,1239,831,855]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="expansa">
<emphasis box="[859,1086,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Plicatellopsis expansa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[1099,1231,831,855]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M." box="[1247,1432,831,855]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="237 - 392" refId="ref19799" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932: 332</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 36.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,932,2039]" box="[151,757,932,960]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<materialsCitation box="[151,753,932,960]" country="Chile" latitude="-20.2" location="Iquique" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-70.166664" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,310,932,958]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,932,958]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF43A7214DEFE3778DA" box="[316,404,932,958]" country="Chile" latitude="-20.2" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-70.166664" name="Iquique" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Iquique</location>
,
<collectingCountry box="[416,477,932,958]" name="Chile" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[492,607,933,960]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-20.2">20°120″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[614,745,933,960]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-70.166664">70°100″W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,436,968,994]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Material examined.</emphasis>
Fourteen specimens.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-09-20" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; E. Hajdu &amp; Ph. Willenz" county="Lima" elevation="10" latitude="-12.491417" location="Grano de Oro" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.79947" municipality="Pucusana" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="MNRJ 11247, MNRJ 11248" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[690,844,968,995]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">MNRJ 11247</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[905,1062,968,995]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">MNRJ 11248</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF43F7A14B2FB747886" box="[1076,1239,968,994]" county="Lima" latitude="-12.491417" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.79947" municipality="Pucusana" name="Grano de Oro" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Grano de Oro</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1254,1363,969,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Pucusana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1377,1436,968,994]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[159,325,1005,1032]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="29.10" value="-12.491417">12°2929.10S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[332,512,1005,1032]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="58.10" value="-76.79947">76°4758.10W</geoCoordinate>
), 10 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[729,847,1004,1031]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[858,958,1004,1031]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">E. Hajdu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[995,1129,1004,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1142,1272,1004,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2007-09-20">
<collectingDate box="[1142,1272,1004,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2007-09-20">20.IX.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-11-28" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; U. Zanabria &amp; Ph. Willenz" county="Arequipa" elevation="33" latitude="-17.00875" location="Blanca Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.1222" municipality="Matarani" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="MNRJ 12151, MNRJ 12152" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1284,1436,1004,1031]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">MNRJ 12151</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[205,365,1040,1067]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">MNRJ 12152</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF43A30136AFD837F4E" box="[382,544,1040,1066]" county="Arequipa" latitude="-17.00875" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.1222" municipality="Matarani" name="Blanca Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Blanca Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[561,665,1040,1066]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Matarani</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[681,785,1040,1066]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Arequipa</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[806,971,1041,1068]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="31.50" value="-17.00875">17°0031.50″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[984,1163,1041,1068]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="19.90" value="-72.1222">72°0719.90″W</geoCoordinate>
), 2045 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[151,269,1076,1103]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[282,417,1076,1103]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">U. Zanabria</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[456,590,1076,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[603,735,1076,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2008-11-28">
<collectingDate box="[603,735,1076,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2008-11-28">28.XI.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-14" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; F. Azevedo" county="Ica" elevation="0" latitude="-13.838666" location="San Gallan Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.472" municipality="Paracas" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="MNRJ 12868, MNRJ 12873" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[747,900,1076,1103]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">MNRJ 12868</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[957,1113,1076,1103]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">MNRJ 12873</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF43F28134EFA907F2A" box="[1126,1331,1076,1102]" county="Ica" latitude="-13.838666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.472" municipality="Paracas" name="San Gallan Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">San Gallán Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1344,1432,1077,1103]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Paracas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[151,185,1113,1139]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[206,371,1113,1140]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="19.20" value="-13.838666">13°5019.20″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[384,563,1113,1140]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="19.20" value="-76.472">76°2819.20″W</geoCoordinate>
), 14.9 m and 21.3 m depth, respectively, coll.
<collectorName box="[1130,1250,1112,1139]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[1298,1432,1112,1139]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">F. Azevedo</collectorName>
,
<date box="[151,292,1148,1174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2008-12-14">
<collectingDate box="[151,292,1148,1174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2008-12-14">14.XII.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-02-05" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="A. Indacochea &amp; B. Condor-Lujan" county="Lima" elevation="15" latitude="-12.470388" location="Bajada Huaman" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.791176" municipality="Pucusana" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000001" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[306,535,1148,1174]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">UCSUR 07-000001</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF439691306FD417FF2" box="[551,738,1148,1174]" county="Lima" latitude="-12.470388" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.791176" municipality="Pucusana" name="Bajada Huaman" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Bajada Huamán</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[753,862,1149,1175]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Pucusana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[877,936,1148,1174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[955,1120,1149,1176]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="13.40" value="-12.470388">12°2813.40″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1131,1310,1149,1176]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="28.24" value="-76.791176">76°4728.24″W</geoCoordinate>
), 1416 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[283,445,1184,1210]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">A. Indacochea</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[483,678,1184,1211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">B. Cóndor-Luján</collectorName>
,
<date box="[690,810,1184,1211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2010-02-05">
<collectingDate box="[690,810,1184,1211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2010-02-05">05.II.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="Station P &amp; B. Condor-Lujan" elevation="15" latitude="-12.292069" location="Pachacamac Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.90494" municipality="Lima" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000036" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[821,1047,1184,1210]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">UCSUR 07-000036</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName box="[1058,1162,1184,1211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Station P</collectorName>
05,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF43FFA13DAFA3B7FDE" box="[1204,1432,1184,1210]" latitude="-12.292069" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.90494" municipality="Lima" name="Pachacamac Islands" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Pachacamac Islands</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,210,1220,1246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Lima</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[229,393,1221,1248]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="31.45" value="-12.292069">12°1731.45″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[404,583,1221,1248]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="17.78" value="-76.90494">76°5417.78″W</geoCoordinate>
), 15 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[816,1013,1220,1247]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">B. Cóndor-Luján</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1028,1061,1220,1246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2018-05-27">27.</date>
</materialsCitation>
<collectionCode box="[1060,1082,1220,1246]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.2018.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="Station P &amp; B. Moreno" elevation="15" latitude="-12.304181" location="Pachacamac Islands" municipality="Lima" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000037, UCSUR 07-000056" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1160,1386,1220,1246]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">UCSUR 07-000037</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[151,378,1256,1283]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">UCSUR 07-000056</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName box="[392,497,1256,1282]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Station P</collectorName>
03,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF439521392FCA17E66" box="[540,770,1256,1282]" latitude="-12.304181" municipality="Lima" name="Pachacamac Islands" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Pachacamac Islands</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[784,843,1256,1282]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Lima</collectingMunicipality>
(12°1815.05″S 76°53″47.98″W),
<elevation box="[1240,1374,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="15.0">
<quantity box="[1240,1299,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[151,277,1293,1319]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">B. Moreno</collectorName>
, 26.V.2018 and 03.III.2019
</materialsCitation>
, respectively.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-08-17" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="Station A &amp; B. Moreno" county="Lima" elevation="10" latitude="-12.782919" location="Asia Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.62178" municipality="Canete" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000042" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[752,979,1292,1318]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">UCSUR 07-000042</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName box="[991,1100,1292,1318]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Station A</collectorName>
03,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF43F3A1276FB547E42" box="[1140,1271,1292,1318]" county="Lima" latitude="-12.782919" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.62178" municipality="Canete" name="Asia Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Asia Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1284,1365,1292,1318]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cañete</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1377,1436,1292,1318]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[159,324,1329,1356]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="58.51" value="-12.782919">12°4658.51″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[335,514,1329,1356]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="18.40" value="-76.62178">76°3718.40″W</geoCoordinate>
), 10 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[748,877,1329,1355]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">B. Moreno</collectorName>
,
<date box="[891,1041,1328,1354]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2018-08-17">
<collectingDate box="[891,1041,1328,1354]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2018-08-17">17.VIII.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-03-04" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="Station P &amp; B. Moreno" elevation="15" latitude="-12.296239" location="Pachacamac Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.90557" municipality="Lima" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000055, UCSUR 07-000060" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1055,1281,1328,1355]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">UCSUR 07-000055</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">UCSUR 07-000060</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName box="[286,389,1364,1390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Station P</collectorName>
04,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF43AE0122EFD327E0A" box="[430,657,1364,1390]" latitude="-12.296239" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.90557" municipality="Lima" name="Pachacamac Islands" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Pachacamac Islands</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[669,728,1364,1390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Lima</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[743,908,1365,1392]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="46.46" value="-12.296239">12°1746.46″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[915,1093,1365,1392]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="20.04" value="-76.90557">76°5420.04″W</geoCoordinate>
), 15 m depth, coll.
<collectorName box="[1308,1433,1365,1391]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">B. Moreno</collectorName>
,
<date box="[151,283,1400,1426]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2019-03-04">
<collectingDate box="[151,283,1400,1426]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2019-03-04">04.III.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="La Vuelta" country="Cuba" elevation="30" latitude="-12.467192" location="Pucusana" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.79871" municipality="Lima" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000066" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[295,525,1400,1426]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">UCSUR 07-000066</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName box="[537,651,1400,1427]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">La Vuelta</collectorName>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F6CFFF53BD915ACFC877CCC:AC71DE959F6CFFF439D61203FCA47EF7" box="[664,775,1401,1427]" country="Cuba" latitude="-12.467192" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.79871" municipality="Lima" name="Pucusana" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Pucusana</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[786,846,1400,1426]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Lima</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[863,1031,1401,1428]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="01.89" value="-12.467192">12°2801.89″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1039,1221,1401,1428]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" seconds="55.36" value="-76.79871">76°4755.36″W</geoCoordinate>
), 30 m depth, coll. D.
<collectingCountry box="[186,249,1436,1462]" name="Cuba" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, 29.
</materialsCitation>
<collectionCode box="[296,313,1437,1463]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.2019.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1472,1498]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Description.</emphasis>
Massive with rounded to elongated lobes that can form branches (resembling hand gloves). The largest specimen collected (UCSUR 07-000060) is 8.8 x 6.1 x
<quantity box="[888,968,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="cm" value="4.8">4.8 cm</quantity>
(length x width x height). Small oscula (diam. ≤
<quantity box="[258,326,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
) scattered or arranged in rows on the surface, some on the top or sides of the branches. Smooth surface that may or may not be velvety. Soft texture and consistency compressible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,288,1616,1642]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Colour.</emphasis>
Bright to dark yellow alive (
<figureCitation box="[616,737,1616,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plicatellopsis expansa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimen between 10 and 15 m (MNRJ 11248); C, live specimen at 45 m (MNRJ 12152); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 11247); EF, subtylostyles I &amp; II (MNRJ 11247); GH, subtylostyles heads of EF. Scale bars: AB, 2 cm; C, 2 cm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836950/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
) and dirty white or light beige to beige in ethanol. Specimens from Blanca Island (MNRJ 12151 and 12152) were partially covered by a thin film of red macroalgae which gave them an orange appearance (
<figureCitation box="[472,560,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plicatellopsis expansa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimen between 10 and 15 m (MNRJ 11248); C, live specimen at 45 m (MNRJ 12152); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 11247); EF, subtylostyles I &amp; II (MNRJ 11247); GH, subtylostyles heads of EF. Scale bars: AB, 2 cm; C, 2 cm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836950/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1724,1750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Ectosomal skeleton, a palisade of small subtylostyles, which can give the surface a velvety appearance or not, depending on the density of spicules. Extra-axial skeleton, bundles of larger subtylostyles. Axial skeleton, composed of tracts of large subtylostyles loosely arranged (
<figureCitation box="[817,907,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plicatellopsis expansa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimen between 10 and 15 m (MNRJ 11248); C, live specimen at 45 m (MNRJ 12152); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 11247); EF, subtylostyles I &amp; II (MNRJ 11247); GH, subtylostyles heads of EF. Scale bars: AB, 2 cm; C, 2 cm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836950/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Abundant spongin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,305,1832,1858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres. Subtylostyles I, large, choanosomal, slender, almost straight and few slightly curved, and with sharp apex (350870 x 520 μm,
<figureCitation box="[646,733,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plicatellopsis expansa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimen between 10 and 15 m (MNRJ 11248); C, live specimen at 45 m (MNRJ 12152); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 11247); EF, subtylostyles I &amp; II (MNRJ 11247); GH, subtylostyles heads of EF. Scale bars: AB, 2 cm; C, 2 cm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836950/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[745,833,1868,1894]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="21.[152,244,440,464]" captionText="TABLE 7. Spicule measurements of Plicatellopsis expansa. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Subtylostyles II, small, ectosomal, slender, straight or slightly bent and with sharp apex (130452 x 29 μm,
<figureCitation box="[801,883,1904,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plicatellopsis expansa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimen between 10 and 15 m (MNRJ 11248); C, live specimen at 45 m (MNRJ 12152); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 11247); EF, subtylostyles I &amp; II (MNRJ 11247); GH, subtylostyles heads of EF. Scale bars: AB, 2 cm; C, 2 cm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836950/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[894,980,1904,1930]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="21.[152,244,440,464]" captionText="TABLE 7. Spicule measurements of Plicatellopsis expansa. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Tyles are weakly pronounced (I: 515, II: 2.58.8 μm;
<figureCitation box="[329,454,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plicatellopsis expansa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimen between 10 and 15 m (MNRJ 11248); C, live specimen at 45 m (MNRJ 12152); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 11247); EF, subtylostyles I &amp; II (MNRJ 11247); GH, subtylostyles heads of EF. Scale bars: AB, 2 cm; C, 2 cm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836950/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 7G, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,932,2039]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,393]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,1976,2002]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Ecology.</emphasis>
This species occurs on rocky substrates, mostly found in light protected habitats such as crevices or roofs or growing on vertical walls (MNRJ 12873). It was found associated with red macroalgae, bryozoans, cnidarian polyps, sea anemones (
<emphasis box="[417,625,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Anthotoe chilensis</emphasis>
), echinoids (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[776,1004,151,177]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spatuligera">
<emphasis box="[776,1004,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Arbacia spatuligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), brachiopods (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Broderip" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1184,1420,151,177]" class="Lingulata" family="Discinidae" genus="Discinisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lingulida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="lamellosa">
<emphasis box="[1184,1420,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Discinisca lamellosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), hermit crabs and nudibranchs (eggs and adults of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Millen, Schrödl, Vargas &amp; Indacochea" authorityYear="1994" box="[728,877,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Okenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lunia">
<emphasis box="[728,877,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Okenia lunia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[893,1072,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phidiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lottini">
<emphasis box="[893,1072,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Phidiana lottini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer, van der Velde &amp; Roubos" authorityYear="2007" box="[1089,1346,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Flabellina" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cerverai">
<emphasis box="[1089,1206,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Flabellina</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis box="[1253,1346,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">cerverai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Some small crustaceans were observed near or inside the oscula of MNRJ 12873.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,771,258,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Geographical and bathymetrical distributions.</emphasis>
SE Pacific: North
<collectingCountry box="[1004,1065,259,285]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Chile</collectingCountry>
(Iquique,
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[1191,1334,258,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
), central (Pucusana, Pachacamac and Asia Islands,
<geoCoordinate box="[626,688,295,321]" degrees="12" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" precision="55555" value="-12.0">12° S</geoCoordinate>
) and southern
<collectingCountry box="[857,908,295,321]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Peru</collectingCountry>
(San Gallán and Blanca Islands, 13 and
<geoCoordinate box="[1367,1431,295,321]" degrees="17" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" precision="55555" value="-17.0">17° S</geoCoordinate>
, respectively, this study). MEOW in
<collectingCountry box="[553,609,331,357]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Humboldtian ecoregion (
<bibRefCitation author="Spalding, M. D. &amp; Fox, H. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Davidson, N. &amp; Ferdana, Z. A. &amp; Finlayson, M. &amp; Halpern, B. S. &amp; Jorge, M. A. &amp; Lombana, A. &amp; Lourie, S. A. &amp; Martin, K. D. &amp; McManus, E. &amp; Molnar, J. &amp; Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J." box="[898,1129,331,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref24187" refString="Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdana, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707" type="journal article" year="2007">
Spalding
<emphasis box="[1006,1062,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). Subtidal: from
<quantity box="[1316,1436,330,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 45 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[230,367,366,393]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
, this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="472" startId="21.[152,244,440,464]">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1436,440,500]" box="[152,1436,440,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,273,440,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[562,801,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="expansa">
<emphasis box="[562,801,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Plicatellopsis expansa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation,
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1436,440,500]" box="[151,505,476,500]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">N=number of spicules measured.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<table box="[166,1409,516,1707]" colsContinueIn="24.[166,1409,444,1635]" gridcols="11" gridrows="30" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<tr box="[166,1409,516,540]" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th box="[166,369,516,540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,270,516,540]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[452,612,516,540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[452,541,516,540]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Spicules</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[760,915,516,540]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[763,899,516,540]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Length (μm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1114,1250,516,540]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1123,1250,516,540]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Width (μm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1384,1409,516,540]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1387,1405,516,540]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">N</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,556,580]" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1">
<td box="[671,716,556,580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[671,716,556,580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Min</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[760,822,556,580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[760,822,556,580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[858,915,556,580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[870,902,556,580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[950,999,556,580]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[950,999,556,580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Max</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,556,580]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1034,1079,556,580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Min</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,556,580]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1114,1176,556,580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,556,580]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1216,1248,556,580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,556,580]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1290,1339,556,580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Max</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,596,620]" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,596,620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">UCSUR 07-000001</th>
<td box="[452,612,596,620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,596,620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">365</td>
<td box="[760,822,596,620]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">515.5</td>
<td box="[858,915,596,620]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">94.3</td>
<td box="[950,999,596,620]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">670</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,596,620]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,596,620]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">9.2</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,596,620]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2.6</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,596,620]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">13</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,596,620]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">22</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,636,661]" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,636,661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,636,661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">145</td>
<td box="[760,822,636,661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">249.1</td>
<td box="[858,915,636,661]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">53.2</td>
<td box="[950,999,636,661]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">345</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,636,661]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,636,661]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">4.4</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,636,661]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.1</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,636,661]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,636,661]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">22</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,677,701]" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,677,701]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">UCSUR 07-000036</th>
<td box="[452,612,677,701]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,677,701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">410</td>
<td box="[760,822,677,701]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">535.3</td>
<td box="[858,915,677,701]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">78.1</td>
<td box="[950,999,677,701]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">730</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,677,701]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,677,701]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">7.7</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,677,701]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.9</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,677,701]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">13</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,677,701]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,717,741]" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,717,741]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,717,741]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">130</td>
<td box="[760,822,717,741]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">262.5</td>
<td box="[858,915,717,741]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">58,1</td>
<td box="[950,999,717,741]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">365</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,717,741]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,717,741]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5.0</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,717,741]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.0</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,717,741]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,717,741]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,757,781]" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,757,781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">UCSUR 07-000037</th>
<td box="[452,612,757,781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,757,781]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">355</td>
<td box="[760,822,757,781]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">475.9</td>
<td box="[858,915,757,781]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">90.4</td>
<td box="[950,999,757,781]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">750</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,757,781]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,757,781]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6.8</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,757,781]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.6</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,757,781]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">11</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,757,781]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">26</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,797,822]" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,797,822]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,797,822]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">190</td>
<td box="[760,822,797,822]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">279.3</td>
<td box="[858,915,797,822]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">48.8</td>
<td box="[950,999,797,822]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">345</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,797,822]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,797,822]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">4.2</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,797,822]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.2</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,797,822]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,797,822]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,838,862]" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,838,862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">UCSUR 07-000042</th>
<td box="[452,612,838,862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,838,862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">355</td>
<td box="[760,822,838,862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">582.6</td>
<td box="[858,915,838,862]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">144.4</td>
<td box="[950,999,838,862]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">870</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,838,862]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,838,862]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8.8</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,838,862]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">3.2</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,838,862]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">15</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,838,862]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,878,902]" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,878,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,878,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">170</td>
<td box="[760,822,878,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">269.4</td>
<td box="[858,915,878,902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">50.1</td>
<td box="[950,999,878,902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">340</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,878,902]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,878,902]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">4.7</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,878,902]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.3</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,878,902]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">9</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,878,902]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,918,942]" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,918,942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">UCSUR 07-000055</th>
<td box="[452,612,918,942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,918,942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">360</td>
<td box="[760,822,918,942]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">527.7</td>
<td box="[858,915,918,942]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">94.8</td>
<td box="[950,999,918,942]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">670</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,918,942]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,918,942]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">9.2</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,918,942]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2.4</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,918,942]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">13</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,918,942]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">24</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,958,983]" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,958,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,958,983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">160</td>
<td box="[760,822,958,983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">272.6</td>
<td box="[858,915,958,983]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">50.6</td>
<td box="[950,999,958,983]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">340</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,958,983]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,958,983]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">4.9</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,958,983]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.0</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,958,983]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,958,983]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">27</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,999,1023]" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,999,1023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">UCSUR 07-000056</th>
<td box="[452,612,999,1023]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,999,1023]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">350</td>
<td box="[760,822,999,1023]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">468.2</td>
<td box="[858,915,999,1023]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">82.0</td>
<td box="[950,999,999,1023]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">650</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,999,1023]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,999,1023]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6.9</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,999,1023]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.5</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,999,1023]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">10</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,999,1023]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">22</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1039,1063]" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,1039,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,1039,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">150</td>
<td box="[760,822,1039,1063]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">248.8</td>
<td box="[858,915,1039,1063]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">64.2</td>
<td box="[950,999,1039,1063]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">345</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1039,1063]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1039,1063]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">3.9</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1039,1063]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.1</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1039,1063]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1039,1063]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1079,1103]" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,1079,1103]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">UCSUR 07-000060</th>
<td box="[452,612,1079,1103]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,1079,1103]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">350</td>
<td box="[760,822,1079,1103]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">486.0</td>
<td box="[858,915,1079,1103]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">108.5</td>
<td box="[950,999,1079,1103]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">715</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1079,1103]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1079,1103]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8.3</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1079,1103]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2.4</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1079,1103]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">14</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1079,1103]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1119,1144]" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,1119,1144]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,1119,1144]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">157</td>
<td box="[760,822,1119,1144]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">260.7</td>
<td box="[858,915,1119,1144]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">57.9</td>
<td box="[950,999,1119,1144]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">340</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1119,1144]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1119,1144]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5.1</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1119,1144]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.4</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1119,1144]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1119,1144]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1160,1184]" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,1160,1184]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">UCSUR 07-000066</th>
<td box="[452,612,1160,1184]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,1160,1184]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">350</td>
<td box="[760,822,1160,1184]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">487.8</td>
<td box="[858,915,1160,1184]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">104.4</td>
<td box="[950,999,1160,1184]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">710</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1160,1184]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1160,1184]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8.2</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1160,1184]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2.3</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1160,1184]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">13</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1160,1184]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1200,1224]" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,1200,1224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,1200,1224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">135</td>
<td box="[760,822,1200,1224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">265.6</td>
<td box="[858,915,1200,1224]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">52.9</td>
<td box="[950,999,1200,1224]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">345</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1200,1224]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1200,1224]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">4.9</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1200,1224]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.0</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1200,1224]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1200,1224]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1240,1264]" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,1240,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">MNRJ 11247</th>
<td box="[452,612,1240,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,1240,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">445</td>
<td box="[760,822,1240,1264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">603.9</td>
<td box="[858,915,1240,1264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">81.0</td>
<td box="[950,999,1240,1264]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">760</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1240,1264]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1240,1264]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">9.4</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1240,1264]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.5</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1240,1264]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">12</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1240,1264]" gridcol="10" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1280,1305]" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,1280,1305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,1280,1305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">175</td>
<td box="[760,822,1280,1305]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">326.4</td>
<td box="[858,915,1280,1305]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">80.1</td>
<td box="[950,999,1280,1305]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">452</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1280,1305]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">3</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1280,1305]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5.4</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1280,1305]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.3</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1280,1305]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">7</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1280,1305]" gridcol="10" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1321,1345]" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,1321,1345]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">MNRJ 12151</th>
<td box="[452,612,1321,1345]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,1321,1345]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">373</td>
<td box="[760,822,1321,1345]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">521.2</td>
<td box="[858,915,1321,1345]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">75.1</td>
<td box="[950,999,1321,1345]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">679</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1321,1345]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1321,1345]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">14.0</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1321,1345]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">3.1</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1321,1345]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1321,1345]" gridcol="10" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1361,1385]" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,1361,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,1361,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">146</td>
<td box="[760,822,1361,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">228.2</td>
<td box="[858,915,1361,1385]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">50.9</td>
<td box="[950,999,1361,1385]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">315</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1361,1385]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">4</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1361,1385]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6.7</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1361,1385]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.1</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1361,1385]" gridcol="9" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">9</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1361,1385]" gridcol="10" gridrow="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1401,1425]" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,1401,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">MNRJ 12152</th>
<td box="[452,612,1401,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,1401,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">420</td>
<td box="[760,822,1401,1425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">548.1</td>
<td box="[858,915,1401,1425]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">74.5</td>
<td box="[950,999,1401,1425]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">690</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1401,1425]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1401,1425]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8.0</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1401,1425]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.9</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1401,1425]" gridcol="9" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">11</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1401,1425]" gridcol="10" gridrow="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1441,1466]" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,1441,1466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,1441,1466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">172</td>
<td box="[760,822,1441,1466]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">261.1</td>
<td box="[858,915,1441,1466]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">38.8</td>
<td box="[950,999,1441,1466]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">317</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1441,1466]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">3</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1441,1466]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">4.3</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1441,1466]" gridcol="8" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">0.9</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1441,1466]" gridcol="9" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1441,1466]" gridcol="10" gridrow="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1482,1506]" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,1482,1506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">MNRJ 12868</th>
<td box="[452,612,1482,1506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,1482,1506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">368</td>
<td box="[760,822,1482,1506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">482.1</td>
<td box="[858,915,1482,1506]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">89.2</td>
<td box="[950,999,1482,1506]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">713</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1482,1506]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">8</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1482,1506]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">10.1</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1482,1506]" gridcol="8" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2.1</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1482,1506]" gridcol="9" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">16</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1482,1506]" gridcol="10" gridrow="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1522,1546]" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,1522,1546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,1522,1546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">167</td>
<td box="[760,822,1522,1546]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">264.8</td>
<td box="[858,915,1522,1546]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">53.2</td>
<td box="[950,999,1522,1546]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">342</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1522,1546]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">3</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1522,1546]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5.6</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1522,1546]" gridcol="8" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.1</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1522,1546]" gridcol="9" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">7</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1522,1546]" gridcol="10" gridrow="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1562,1586]" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,1562,1586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">MNRJ 12873</th>
<td box="[452,612,1562,1586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,1562,1586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">502</td>
<td box="[760,822,1562,1586]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">598.7</td>
<td box="[858,915,1562,1586]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">46.2</td>
<td box="[950,999,1562,1586]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">677</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1562,1586]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">5</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1562,1586]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">9.5</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1562,1586]" gridcol="8" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.9</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1562,1586]" gridcol="9" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">12</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1562,1586]" gridcol="10" gridrow="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1602,1627]" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[452,612,1602,1627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Subtylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,1602,1627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">155</td>
<td box="[760,822,1602,1627]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">263.1</td>
<td box="[858,915,1602,1627]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">53.1</td>
<td box="[950,999,1602,1627]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">344</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1602,1627]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">2</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1602,1627]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">3.8</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1602,1627]" gridcol="8" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">1.2</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1602,1627]" gridcol="9" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1602,1627]" gridcol="10" gridrow="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1642,1667]" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,1642,1667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Original description</th>
<td box="[452,612,1642,1667]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Tylostyles I</td>
<td box="[671,716,1642,1667]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">500</td>
<td box="[760,822,1642,1667]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
<td box="[858,915,1642,1667]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
<td box="[950,999,1642,1667]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">800</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1642,1667]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1642,1667]" gridcol="7" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">18.0</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1642,1667]" gridcol="8" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1642,1667]" gridcol="9" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1642,1667]" gridcol="10" gridrow="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1409,1679,1707]" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<th box="[166,369,1679,1707]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[174,297,1679,1703]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</th>
<td box="[452,612,1679,1707]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Tylostyles II</td>
<td box="[671,716,1679,1707]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">250</td>
<td box="[760,822,1679,1707]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
<td box="[858,915,1679,1707]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
<td box="[950,999,1679,1707]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">300</td>
<td box="[1034,1079,1679,1707]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">6</td>
<td box="[1114,1176,1679,1707]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
<td box="[1216,1250,1679,1707]" gridcol="8" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
<td box="[1290,1339,1679,1707]" gridcol="9" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">7</td>
<td box="[1384,1409,1679,1707]" gridcol="10" gridrow="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,1754,1961]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1755,1781]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Remarks.</emphasis>
The analysed specimens from
<collectingCountry box="[658,709,1755,1781]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Peru</collectingCountry>
mostly match the original description of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1166,1284,1755,1780]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="expansa">
<emphasis box="[1166,1284,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">P. expansa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Iquique (
<collectingCountry box="[159,224,1790,1816]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity box="[235,292,1791,1817]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
depth,
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[374,509,1790,1817]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
) in skeleton organisation and composition, and spicule sizes (
<tableCitation box="[1201,1285,1790,1817]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="21.[152,244,440,464]" captionText="TABLE 7. Spicule measurements of Plicatellopsis expansa. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Table 7</tableCitation>
). No detailed information of the external morphology was provided in the original description; thus, herein, we describe the colour alive (yellow) and habitus (branched with rounded lobes) of this species. It is important to mention that no other record of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[363,483,1899,1924]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="expansa">
<emphasis box="[363,483,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">P. expansa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in the literature but that of
<bibRefCitation author="Gerasimova, E. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A." box="[920,1203,1898,1925]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref21572" refString="Gerasimova, E., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Plotkin, A. (2008) Vosmaeria Fristedt, 1885 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halichondriidae): Revision of species, phylogenetic reconstruction and evidence for split. Zootaxa, 1694 (1), 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1694.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Gerasimova
<emphasis box="[1063,1121,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
who highlighted the presence of styles in the skeleton of the
<typeStatus box="[599,697,1934,1960]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">holotype</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart>Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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Genus
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,350,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Suberites</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,306,217,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,218,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<taxonomicName authority="(Olivi, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Olivi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[313,702,218,244]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="domuncula">
<emphasis box="[313,548,218,244]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Suberites domuncula</emphasis>
(
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,358,253,280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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locality.
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,
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[711,828,255,282]" degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" precision="15" seconds="0" value="12.366667">12°220″E</geoCoordinate>
)
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,314,289,315]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Diagnosis</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[321,383,291,316]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">sensu</emphasis>
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<mods:namePart>Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arteaga, Alvaro</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-6001-8358</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; aarteagabengoa 14 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6001 - 8358</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">aarteagabengoa14@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Polo, Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-6775-8156</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; cpolobio @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6775 - 8156</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cpolobio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arroyo, Yessenia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2477-7079</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; ysabel 0396 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2477 - 7079</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ysabel0396@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Willenz, Philippe</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4127-9346</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B- 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium philippe. willenz @ naturalsciences. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4127 - 9346</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">philippe.willenz@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, S / N, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-04-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5264</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>451</mods:start>
<mods:end>489</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7836930</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">675A2650-4738-4DDB-8970-1FE4307F6B3C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F70FFEA3BD917EDFF7E7A25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/210739589F70FFEA3BD917EDFF7E7A25" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<subSubSection box="[151,779,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,779,151,213]" box="[151,779,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,779,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" reason="1">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3JBXR" authority="Thiele, 1905" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,779,151,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="prostrata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,779,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,314,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Halichondria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis bold="true" box="[331,494,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Halichondria</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" box="[511,620,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">prostrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[627,779,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,779,151,213]" box="[151,360,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,256,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halichondria (Halichondria) prostrata Thiele, 1905. A, live specimen (MNRJ 12884); B, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; C, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, oxea; EF, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; BC, 500 cm; D, 100 µm; EF, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Figure 3</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[268,351,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,934,958]" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule (oxeas) measurements of Halichondria (H.) prostrata. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,255,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,271,255,279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Thiele (1905)" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[281,675,255,280]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="prostrata">
<emphasis box="[281,520,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Halichondria prostrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[529,675,255,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele (1905)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 458,
<figureCitation box="[742,806,256,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-30@6.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halichondria (Halichondria) cristata Sarà, 1978. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11388 and MNRJ 12821, respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; D, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; EF, oxeas; GH, details of E; Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, approx. 1 cm; CD, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm; (CH = MNRJ 11388)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836936/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
, 73;
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M." box="[863,1015,256,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="333" refId="ref19764" refString="Burton, M. (1930) Report on a collection of sponges from South Georgia and from Campbell Island, South Pacific, obtained by Dr Kohl-Larsen. Senckenbergiana, 12, 333." type="journal article" year="1930">Burton (1930)</bibRefCitation>
: 333;
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M." box="[1082,1234,256,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="95 - 121" refId="ref19901" refString="Burton, M. (1940) Las Esponjas marinas del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. (Parte 1). Anales del Museo argentino de ciencias naturales ' Bernardino Rivadavia', 40 (6), 95 - 121, pls. I - VIII." type="journal article" year="1940">Burton (1940)</bibRefCitation>
: 117.
<taxonomicName authority="Sara (1978)" authorityName="sensu Sara" authorityYear="1978" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="panicea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Halichondria panicea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[286,409,286,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 20,
<figureCitation box="[456,516,286,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plicatellopsis expansa (Thiele, 1905). AB, live specimen between 10 and 15 m (MNRJ 11248); C, live specimen at 45 m (MNRJ 12152); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 11247); EF, subtylostyles I &amp; II (MNRJ 11247); GH, subtylostyles heads of EF. Scale bars: AB, 2 cm; C, 2 cm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836950/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[528,560,286,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@26.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. Suberites aff. latus Lambe, 1893. AB, live specimen of the encrusting form (MNRJ 13688); C, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 13688); DE, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; FG, tylostyles heads of DE; HK, centrotylotes. Scale bars: A, approx. 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; DE, 100 μm; FG, 20 μm; HK, 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836955/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">9C</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, M. S. &amp; Hajdu, E." box="[571,836,286,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="161 - 180" refId="ref20070" refString="Carvalho, M. S. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2001) Comments on Brazilian Halichondria Fleming (Halichondriidae, Halichondrida, Demospongiae), with the description of four new species from the S &quot; o Sebasti &quot; o Channel and its environs (Tropical Southwestern Atlantic). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18 (Supplement 1), 161 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000500013" type="journal article" year="2001">Carvalho &amp; Hajdu (2001)</bibRefCitation>
: 117.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,356,887]" box="[151,770,356,383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<materialsCitation box="[151,766,356,383]" country="Chile" county="Concepcion" location="Quiriquina" municipality="Tumbes" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,310,356,383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,357,383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F70FFEA3BD917EDFF7E7A25:AC71DE959F70FFE83A72161EFE1B7A1A" box="[316,440,356,382]" country="Chile" county="Concepcion" municipality="Tumbes" name="Quiriquina" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Quiriquina</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[451,543,356,382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Tumbes</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[554,691,356,382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Concepción</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry box="[702,766,356,382]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Chile</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,356,887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,438,392,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-13" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz &amp; N. Mostajo" county="Ica" elevation="1" latitude="-13.827419" location="Three" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.30206" municipality="Paracas" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" specimenCode="MNRJ 12884" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F70FFEA3BD917EDFF7E7A25:AC71DE959F70FFE83A8D16F2FDA77AC6" box="[451,516,392,418]" county="Ica" latitude="-13.827419" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.30206" municipality="Paracas" name="Three" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Three</location>
specimens.
<specimenCode box="[665,825,393,419]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">MNRJ 12884</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F70FFEA3BD917EDFF7E7A25:AC71DE959F70FFE8380416F2FC287AC6" box="[842,907,392,418]" county="Ica" latitude="-13.827419" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.30206" municipality="Paracas" name="Islote" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Islote</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F70FFEA3BD917EDFF7E7A25:AC71DE959F70FFE838D416F3FB9E7AC6" box="[922,1085,392,419]" county="Ica" latitude="-13.827419" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.30206" municipality="Paracas" name="Atenas Beach" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Atenas Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1102,1190,393,419]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Paracas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1207,1241,393,419]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1262,1437,394,421]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" precision="1" seconds="38.71" value="-13.827419">13°4938.71″S-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,330,430,457]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" precision="1" seconds="07.41" value="-76.30206">76°1807.41″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[351,491,428,455]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="m" value="1.2">
<quantity box="[351,417,429,455]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="m" value="1.2">1.2 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[561,680,428,455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[693,826,428,454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[866,997,428,455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">N. Mostajo</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1010,1150,429,455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" value="2008-12-13">
<collectingDate box="[1010,1150,429,455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" value="2008-12-13">13.XII.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-03-06" collectionCode="UCSUR" country="Cuba" county="Lima" elevation="7" latitude="-12.782514" location="Sensor Station" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000057, UCSUR 07-000058" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1163,1387,428,455]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">UCSUR 07-000057</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[151,376,464,491]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">UCSUR 07-000058</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F70FFEA3BD917EDFF7E7A25:AC71DE959F70FFE83ACC16ABFD847A8E" box="[386,551,464,491]" country="Cuba" county="Lima" latitude="-12.782514" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" name="Sensor Station" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Sensor Station</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F70FFEA3BD917EDFF7E7A25:AC71DE959F70FFE8397E16AAFD127A8E" box="[560,689,464,490]" country="Cuba" county="Lima" latitude="-12.782514" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" name="Asia Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Asia Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[700,781,465,491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Cañete</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[791,850,464,490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[865,1030,466,493]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" precision="1" seconds="57.05" value="-12.782514">12°4657.05S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1037,1216,466,493]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" precision="1" seconds="12.19" value="-76.620056">76°3712.19W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[1235,1376,464,491]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="m" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">
<quantity box="[1235,1305,464,491]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="m" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">58 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll. D.
<collectingCountry box="[185,247,500,526]" name="Cuba" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<date box="[259,374,500,526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" value="2019-03-06">
<collectingDate box="[259,374,500,526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" value="2019-03-06">6.III.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,356,887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,536,562]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Description.</emphasis>
Specimens either smoothly incrusting or irregular with abundant projections of various shapes (lobate, ridged or digitiform). Surface with a transparent dermal membrane revealing the choanosomal skeleton underneath (
<figureCitation box="[294,388,608,635]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halichondria (Halichondria) prostrata Thiele, 1905. A, live specimen (MNRJ 12884); B, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; C, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, oxea; EF, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; BC, 500 cm; D, 100 µm; EF, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Largest specimen (UCSUR 07-000041) measuring 7.0 x 3.4 x
<quantity box="[1143,1223,609,635]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
(length x width x height), with largest projection
<quantity box="[513,591,645,671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="cm" value="0.4">0.4 cm</quantity>
high. Oscula (max. diam. =
<quantity box="[926,994,645,671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
) located on the top of the projections. Consistency compressible and surface smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,356,887]" box="[199,1436,716,743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,286,716,742]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Colour.</emphasis>
Opaque, a lighter (nearly white) or slightly darker shade of yellow in life and beige in ethanol (
<figureCitation box="[1335,1424,716,743]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halichondria (Halichondria) prostrata Thiele, 1905. A, live specimen (MNRJ 12884); B, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; C, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, oxea; EF, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; BC, 500 cm; D, 100 µm; EF, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,356,887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,752,778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Cavernous, with canals and subectosomal lacunae (
<figureCitation box="[894,982,752,779]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halichondria (Halichondria) prostrata Thiele, 1905. A, live specimen (MNRJ 12884); B, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; C, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, oxea; EF, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; BC, 500 cm; D, 100 µm; EF, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Ectosomal skeleton, easily detachable, thin tangential and transparent layer, spicule arrangement as a criss-cross of spicules, some of which seem to form a loose palisade layer (in transversal view,
<figureCitation box="[629,717,824,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halichondria (Halichondria) prostrata Thiele, 1905. A, live specimen (MNRJ 12884); B, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; C, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, oxea; EF, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; BC, 500 cm; D, 100 µm; EF, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal skeleton, multispicular ascendent tracts attached by spicules in some parts, abundant free spicules in confusion.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="459" startId="8.[151,239,934,958]">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,934,994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,934,958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Spicule (oxeas) measurements of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[627,924,934,958]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="prostrata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis box="[627,771,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Halichondria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[785,812,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">H.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis box="[826,924,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">prostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<table box="[166,1406,1010,1392]" colsContinueFrom="7.[166,1412,1560,2027]" gridcols="10" gridrows="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<tr box="[166,1406,1010,1034]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[166,451,1010,1034]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,270,1010,1034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[623,797,1010,1034]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[632,768,1010,1034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Length (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1049,1214,1010,1034]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1071,1198,1010,1034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Width (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1381,1406,1010,1034]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1385,1403,1010,1034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">N</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1406,1050,1074]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[509,554,1050,1074]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[509,554,1050,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Min</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[623,685,1050,1074]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[623,685,1050,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[753,797,1050,1074]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[759,791,1050,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[845,894,1050,1074]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[845,894,1050,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Max</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[938,983,1050,1074]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[938,983,1050,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Min</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1049,1111,1050,1074]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1049,1111,1050,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1181,1214,1050,1074]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1181,1213,1050,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1271,1320,1050,1074]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1271,1320,1050,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Max</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1406,1090,1114]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<th box="[166,451,1090,1114]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">UCSUR 07-000057</th>
<td box="[509,554,1090,1114]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">200</td>
<td box="[623,685,1090,1114]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">314.5</td>
<td box="[753,797,1090,1114]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">65.9</td>
<td box="[845,894,1090,1114]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">380</td>
<td box="[938,983,1090,1114]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">5</td>
<td box="[1049,1111,1090,1114]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">8.9</td>
<td box="[1181,1214,1090,1114]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">2.2</td>
<td box="[1271,1320,1090,1114]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">13</td>
<td box="[1381,1406,1090,1114]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">29</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1406,1130,1154]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<th box="[166,451,1130,1154]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">UCSUR 07-000058</th>
<td box="[509,554,1130,1154]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">200</td>
<td box="[623,685,1130,1154]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">314.5</td>
<td box="[753,797,1130,1154]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">65.9</td>
<td box="[845,894,1130,1154]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">380</td>
<td box="[938,983,1130,1154]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">5</td>
<td box="[1049,1111,1130,1154]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">8.9</td>
<td box="[1181,1214,1130,1154]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">2.2</td>
<td box="[1271,1320,1130,1154]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">13</td>
<td box="[1381,1406,1130,1154]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">29</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1406,1170,1195]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<th box="[166,451,1170,1195]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">MNRJ 12844</th>
<td box="[509,554,1170,1195]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">224</td>
<td box="[623,685,1170,1195]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">300.5</td>
<td box="[753,797,1170,1195]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">38.1</td>
<td box="[845,894,1170,1195]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">355</td>
<td box="[938,983,1170,1195]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">4</td>
<td box="[1049,1111,1170,1195]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">8.9</td>
<td box="[1181,1214,1170,1195]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">2.1</td>
<td box="[1271,1320,1170,1195]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">11</td>
<td box="[1381,1406,1170,1195]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">30</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1406,1211,1235]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<th box="[166,1406,1211,1235]" colspan="10" colspanRight="9" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Holotype</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1406,1251,1275]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<th box="[166,451,1251,1275]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis box="[172,228,1252,1275]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[234,372,1251,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele (1905)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[509,554,1251,1275]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">300</td>
<td box="[623,685,1251,1275]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[753,797,1251,1275]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[845,894,1251,1275]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">320</td>
<td box="[938,983,1251,1275]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[1049,1111,1251,1275]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">9</td>
<td box="[1181,1214,1251,1275]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[1271,1320,1251,1275]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[1381,1406,1251,1275]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1406,1291,1316]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<th box="[166,451,1291,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis box="[172,228,1292,1315]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, M. S." box="[235,401,1291,1316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref20150" refString="Carvalho, M. S. (2008) Revisao taxonomica de Astrophorida e Halichondrida do Chile (Demospongiae, Porifera), filogenia e biogeografia de Asteropus (Ancorinidae; Astrophorida) com uma discussao acerca das rotas Trans-Pacificas. PhD Thesis, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, pp. i - xxii, pp. 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="2008">Carvalho (2008)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[509,554,1291,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">204</td>
<td box="[623,685,1291,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">271.3</td>
<td box="[753,797,1291,1316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[845,894,1291,1316]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">330</td>
<td box="[938,983,1291,1316]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">5</td>
<td box="[1049,1111,1291,1316]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">7.1</td>
<td box="[1181,1214,1291,1316]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[1271,1320,1291,1316]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">10</td>
<td box="[1381,1406,1291,1316]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1406,1332,1392]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<th box="[166,451,1332,1392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Sara (1978)" authorityName="sensu Sara" authorityYear="1978" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="panicea">
<emphasis box="[166,451,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Halichondria panicea sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[166,284,1368,1392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[509,554,1332,1392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">210</td>
<td box="[623,685,1332,1392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">280</td>
<td box="[753,797,1332,1392]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[845,894,1332,1392]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">320</td>
<td box="[938,983,1332,1392]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">6</td>
<td box="[1049,1111,1332,1392]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[1181,1214,1332,1392]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
<td box="[1271,1320,1332,1392]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">10</td>
<td box="[1381,1406,1332,1392]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1439,2006]" box="[199,1436,1439,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres.Oxeas, slightly bent at centre,tapering gradually(200380 x413 µm,
<figureCitation box="[1221,1333,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halichondria (Halichondria) prostrata Thiele, 1905. A, live specimen (MNRJ 12884); B, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; C, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, oxea; EF, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; BC, 500 cm; D, 100 µm; EF, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig.3DF</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[1341,1422,1439,1465]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,934,958]" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule (oxeas) measurements of Halichondria (H.) prostrata. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Table3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1439,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,1475,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Ecology.</emphasis>
Specimens were found attached or close to other organisms. MNRJ 12844 encircled many anemones, while UCSUR 07-000057 was found on a polychaete tube.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1439,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,744,1547,1573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Geographic and bathymetrical distributions.</emphasis>
SE Pacific:
<collectingCountry box="[894,955,1547,1573]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[974,1114,1547,1574]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry box="[1184,1235,1548,1574]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Peru</collectingCountry>
(Asia Island and Paracas, this study). SE Atlantic: Comodoro Rivadavia (
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M." box="[789,933,1583,1609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="95 - 121" refId="ref19901" refString="Burton, M. (1940) Las Esponjas marinas del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. (Parte 1). Anales del Museo argentino de ciencias naturales ' Bernardino Rivadavia', 40 (6), 95 - 121, pls. I - VIII." type="journal article" year="1940">Burton 1940</bibRefCitation>
) and Tierra del Fuego (
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[1202,1321,1583,1609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, M. S. &amp; Hajdu, E." pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="161 - 180" refId="ref20070" refString="Carvalho, M. S. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2001) Comments on Brazilian Halichondria Fleming (Halichondriidae, Halichondrida, Demospongiae), with the description of four new species from the S &quot; o Sebasti &quot; o Channel and its environs (Tropical Southwestern Atlantic). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18 (Supplement 1), 161 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000500013" type="journal article" year="2001">Carvalho &amp; Hajdu 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectingCountry box="[340,504,1619,1645]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M." box="[520,668,1619,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="333" refId="ref19764" refString="Burton, M. (1930) Report on a collection of sponges from South Georgia and from Campbell Island, South Pacific, obtained by Dr Kohl-Larsen. Senckenbergiana, 12, 333." type="journal article" year="1930">Burton 1930</bibRefCitation>
). Antarctic (
<bibRefCitation author="Koltun, V. M." box="[808,956,1619,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="1955 - 1958" refId="ref22309" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1 Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. &amp; Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958). Akademya Nauk SSSR, Moskva- Leningrad, pp. 91." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Kunzmann K." box="[969,1158,1619,1646]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref22379" refString="Kunzmann K. (1996) Die mit ausgewahlten Schwammen (Hexactinellida und Demospongiae) aus dem Weddellmeer, Antarktis, vergesellschaftete Fauna. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 210, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1996">Kunzmann 1996</bibRefCitation>
) but needs revision (see remarks). MEOW in
<collectingCountry box="[388,444,1656,1682]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Humboldtian ecoregion (
<bibRefCitation author="Spalding, M. D. &amp; Fox, H. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Davidson, N. &amp; Ferdana, Z. A. &amp; Finlayson, M. &amp; Halpern, B. S. &amp; Jorge, M. A. &amp; Lombana, A. &amp; Lourie, S. A. &amp; Martin, K. D. &amp; McManus, E. &amp; Molnar, J. &amp; Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J." box="[733,965,1655,1681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref24187" refString="Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdana, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707" type="journal article" year="2007">
Spalding
<emphasis box="[841,897,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). From intertidal (
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[1166,1281,1655,1681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà 1978</bibRefCitation>
) to
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depth (this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1439,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,1727,1753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Remarks</emphasis>
. The Peruvian specimens match
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[671,982,1727,1754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="prostrata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis box="[671,864,1727,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Halichondria (H.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis box="[879,982,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">prostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry box="[1047,1108,1727,1753]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[1123,1260,1727,1754]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
). Although they have apparently slightly longer and stouter oxeas (195380 x 413 µm) when compared to the
<typeStatus box="[1223,1321,1763,1789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">holotype</typeStatus>
(300320 x 9 µm), this can be considered intraspecific variation.
<taxonomicName authority="Gastaldi et al. 2018" authorityName="Gastaldi" authorityYear="2018" box="[777,1238,1799,1825]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elenae">
<emphasis box="[777,1008,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Halichondria elenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gastaldi, M. &amp; de Paula, T. S. &amp; Narvarte, M. A. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E." box="[1016,1238,1799,1825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="682 - 716" refId="ref21361" refString="Gastaldi, M., de Paula, T. S., Narvarte, M. A., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2018) Marine sponges (Porifera) from the Bahia San Antonio (North Patagonian Gulfs, Argentina), with additions to the phylogeography of the widely distributed Cliona aff. celata and Hymeniacidon perlevis, and the description of two new species. Marine Biology Research, 14 (7), 682 - 716. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2018.1506136" type="journal article" year="2018">
Gastaldi
<emphasis box="[1118,1175,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also comes close to the specimens from
<collectingCountry box="[407,461,1836,1862]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Peru</collectingCountry>
, but it presents slightly wider oxeas (5.119 µm) and is yellowish/greyishgreen alive. Besides, preference is given here to the SE Pacific name, on account of biogeographic likelihood.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1439,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[199,522,1907,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="prostrata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis box="[199,350,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Halichondria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[371,391,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">H</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis box="[419,522,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">prostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be difficult to distinguish from
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Sara" authorityYear="1978" box="[983,1165,1907,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis box="[983,1003,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis box="[1031,1058,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">H.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis box="[1079,1165,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">cristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as their oxeas present overlapping sizes (
<tableCitation box="[359,450,1943,1969]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1484,1508]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule (oxeas) measurements of Halichondria (H.) cristata. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Tables 2</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation box="[501,516,1943,1969]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,934,958]" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule (oxeas) measurements of Halichondria (H.) prostrata. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="8" pageNumber="459">3</tableCitation>
), however, only the latter attains larger dimensions (
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[1089,1212,1943,1969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà, 1978</bibRefCitation>
). Further integrative studies should help detect diagnostic characters between these two species.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" startId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1944,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,838,1944,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
FIGURE 3.
<taxonomicName authority="Thiele, 1905" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[284,832,1944,1968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="prostrata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[284,691,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Halichondria (Halichondria) prostrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[699,832,1944,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A, live specimen (MNRJ 12884); B, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; C, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, oxea; EF, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; BC, 500 cm; D, 100 µm; EF, 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
Concerning the records of
<taxonomicName authority="Koltun, 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[516,832,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hentscheli">
<emphasis box="[516,669,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">H. hentscheli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Koltun, V. M." box="[680,832,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1955 - 1958" refId="ref22309" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1 Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. &amp; Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958). Akademya Nauk SSSR, Moskva- Leningrad, pp. 91." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Antarctic provided by
<bibRefCitation author="Koltun, V. M." box="[1220,1384,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1955 - 1958" refId="ref22309" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1 Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. &amp; Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958). Akademya Nauk SSSR, Moskva- Leningrad, pp. 91." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun (1964)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Kunzmann K." box="[151,359,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref22379" refString="Kunzmann K. (1996) Die mit ausgewahlten Schwammen (Hexactinellida und Demospongiae) aus dem Weddellmeer, Antarktis, vergesellschaftete Fauna. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 210, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1996">Kunzmann (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, which were synonymised with
<taxonomicName authority="(de Voogd et al. 2022)" baseAuthorityName="de Voogd" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[727,1133,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="prostrata">
<emphasis box="[727,866,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">H. prostrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Downey, R. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Morrow, C. C. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Rtzler, K. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[882,1125,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" refId="ref20688" refString="de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Boury-Esnault, N., Carballo, J. L., Cardenas, P., Diaz, M. - C., Dohrmann, M., Downey, R., Hajdu, E., Hooper, J. N. A., Kelly, M., Klautau, M., Manconi, R., Morrow, C. C., Pisera, A. B., Rios, P., Rtzler, K., Sch ˆ nberg, C., Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2022) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 27 February 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
de Voogd
<emphasis box="[999,1057,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, we suggest their revision. Compared to
<taxonomicName box="[307,445,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="prostrata">
<emphasis box="[307,445,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">H. prostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[461,611,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hentscheli">
<emphasis box="[461,611,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">H. hentscheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is globular or rounded, possesses larger spicules (500
<date box="[1240,1383,222,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="1680-10-09" valueMax="1680-10-23" valueMin="1680-10-09">1680 x 923</date>
µm,
<bibRefCitation author="Koltun, V. M." box="[151,292,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1955 - 1958" refId="ref22309" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1 Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. &amp; Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958). Akademya Nauk SSSR, Moskva- Leningrad, pp. 91." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
) and has been registered at deeper zones:
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(
<bibRefCitation author="Koltun, V. M." box="[897,1039,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1955 - 1958" refId="ref22309" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1 Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. &amp; Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958). Akademya Nauk SSSR, Moskva- Leningrad, pp. 91." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
) and
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(
<bibRefCitation author="Kunzmann K." box="[1240,1428,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref22379" refString="Kunzmann K. (1996) Die mit ausgewahlten Schwammen (Hexactinellida und Demospongiae) aus dem Weddellmeer, Antarktis, vergesellschaftete Fauna. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 210, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1996">Kunzmann 1996</bibRefCitation>
) depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
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Genus
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,474,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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species:
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<typeStatus box="[199,258,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
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coast,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,347,1302,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Definition. “</emphasis>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE53BD914D4FD1D7F75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/210739589F7DFFE53BD914D4FD1D7F75" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<subSubSection box="[151,585,942,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,585,942,969]" box="[151,585,942,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,585,942,969]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,585,942,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
Genus
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="84NXF" ID-ENA="1937956" authority="Fleming, 1828" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[238,585,942,969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,401,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Halichondria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Fleming, J." box="[409,585,942,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref21155" refString="Fleming, J. (1828) A history of British animals. Bell &amp; Bradfute, Edinburgh, 565 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12859" type="book" year="1828">Fleming, 1828</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,702,1014,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,702,1014,1041]" box="[151,702,1014,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,1014,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[280,342,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[350,698,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="787 - 815" refId="ref21073" refString="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 787 - 815." type="book chapter" year="2002">Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
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<mods:title>Shallow Suberitida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Arteaga, Alvaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; aarteagabengoa 14 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6001 - 8358</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Polo, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; cpolobio @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6775 - 8156</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cpolobio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Arroyo, Yessenia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; ysabel 0396 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2477 - 7079</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ysabel0396@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Willenz, Philippe</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4127-9346</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B- 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium philippe. willenz @ naturalsciences. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4127 - 9346</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">philippe.willenz@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, S / N, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-04-17</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<subSubSection box="[151,741,1410,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,741,1410,1473]" box="[151,741,1410,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,741,1410,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" reason="1">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3JBW5" authority="Sara, 1978" authorityName=", Sara" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,741,1410,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,741,1410,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,314,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Halichondria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis bold="true" box="[331,494,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Halichondria</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" box="[511,601,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">cristata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[608,741,1410,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,741,1410,1473]" box="[151,361,1447,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,257,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-30@6.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halichondria (Halichondria) cristata Sarà, 1978. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11388 and MNRJ 12821, respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; D, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; EF, oxeas; GH, details of E; Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, approx. 1 cm; CD, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm; (CH = MNRJ 11388)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836936/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figure 2</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[268,352,1447,1473]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1484,1508]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule (oxeas) measurements of Halichondria (H.) cristata. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1086,1515,1539]" box="[151,1086,1515,1539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,271,1515,1539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Sara (1978)" authorityName=", Sara" authorityYear="1978" box="[277,627,1515,1539]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristata">
<emphasis box="[277,497,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Halichondria cristata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[504,627,1515,1539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 23,
<figureCitation box="[674,735,1515,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="25.[151,248,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-24@25.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 8. Suberites aff. latus Lambe, 1893. AB, live specimen (MNRJ 13698); C, tangential section of the ectosome in ground section (MNRJ 13698); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 13698); EF, tylostyles I &amp; II, respectively; GH, tylostyles heads of EF. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836952/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[746,808,1515,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-30@26.[189,1398,181,1888]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. Suberites aff. latus Lambe, 1893. AB, live specimen of the encrusting form (MNRJ 13688); C, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 13688); DE, tylostyles I &amp; II respectively; FG, tylostyles heads of DE; HK, centrotylotes. Scale bars: A, approx. 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; DE, 100 μm; FG, 20 μm; HK, 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836955/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">9A, B</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Genzano, G. &amp; Cuartas, E. &amp; Excoffon, A." box="[820,1044,1515,1539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="63 - 78" refId="ref21535" refString="Genzano, G., Cuartas, E. &amp; Excoffon, A. (1991) Porifera y Cnidaria de la Campana Oca Balda 05 / 88. Thalassa, 9, 63 - 78." type="journal article" year="1991">
Genzano
<emphasis box="[916,967,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al.</emphasis>
(1991)
</bibRefCitation>
: 68.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1580,2039]" box="[151,1214,1580,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<materialsCitation box="[151,1210,1580,1607]" country="Argentina" county="Patagonian Shelf" location="Cape Domingo" municipality="Rio Grande" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,310,1580,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,1580,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53A721156FE447D22" box="[316,487,1580,1606]" country="Argentina" county="Patagonian Shelf" municipality="Rio Grande" name="Cape Domingo" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" stateProvince="Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur">Cape Domingo</location>
near
<collectingMunicipality box="[549,681,1580,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Rio Grande</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion box="[692,881,1580,1607]" country="Argentina" name="Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Tierra del Fuego</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty box="[892,1085,1580,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Patagonian Shelf</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1095,1210,1580,1606]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Argentina</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1580,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,431,1616,1642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Material examined.</emphasis>
Twelve specimens.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-10-07" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="K. L. Aguirre &amp; E. Hajdu &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz." country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" elevation="12" latitude="-6.914583" location="Lobos de Afuera Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.71552" municipality="Lambayeque" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="MNRJ 11386, MNRJ 11387, MNRJ 11388" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[652,803,1616,1643]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">MNRJ 11386</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[812,961,1616,1643]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">MNRJ 11387</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[1012,1164,1616,1643]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">MNRJ 11388</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1173,1326,1616,1642]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">San Cristobal</collectingCountry>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53E79112AFE9D7DEA" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" latitude="-6.914583" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.71552" municipality="Lambayeque" name="Lobos de Afuera Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Lobos de Afuera Islands</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[329,474,1652,1678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Lambayeque</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[488,654,1653,1680]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="52.50" value="-6.914583">06°5452.50S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[660,839,1653,1680]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="55.90" value="-80.71552">80°4255.90W</geoCoordinate>
),
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<quantity box="[858,915,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[1053,1199,1652,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">K.L. Aguirre</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1210,1312,1652,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">E. Hajdu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1322,1436,1652,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[184,326,1688,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Ph. Willenz.</collectorName>
<date box="[336,458,1688,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2007-10-07">
<collectingDate box="[336,458,1688,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2007-10-07">07.X.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-10-08" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="K. L. Aguirre &amp; E. Hajdu &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lambayeque" elevation="31" latitude="-6.922694" location="Cristo Salva" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.70853" municipality="Lobos de Afuera Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="MNRJ 11389" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[473,630,1688,1715]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">MNRJ 11389</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE539CB11E2FCB67DD6" box="[645,789,1688,1714]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lambayeque" latitude="-6.922694" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.70853" municipality="Lobos de Afuera Islands" name="Cristo Salva" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Cristo Salva</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[805,1092,1688,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Lobos de Afuera Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1107,1252,1688,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Lambayeque</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1271,1437,1689,1716]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="21.70" value="-6.922694">06°5521.70S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,331,1725,1752]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="30.70" value="-80.70853">80°4230.70W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity box="[352,435,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.09" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="30.9">
<elevation box="[352,435,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.09" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="30.9">30.9 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[508,657,1724,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">K.L. Aguirre</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[671,776,1724,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">E. Hajdu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[789,906,1724,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[947,1083,1724,1750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1097,1218,1724,1750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2007-10-08">
<collectingDate box="[1097,1218,1724,1750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2007-10-08">08.X.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-09" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz &amp; F. Azevedo" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Ica" elevation="3" latitude="-14.268944" location="La Vieja Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.19028" municipality="Paracas" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="MNRJ 12208, MNRJ 12821" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1232,1386,1724,1751]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">MNRJ 12208</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[151,305,1760,1787]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">MNRJ 12821</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53A72119BFE4B7D9E" box="[316,488,1760,1787]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Ica" latitude="-14.268944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.19028" municipality="Paracas" name="La Vieja Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">La Vieja Island</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53ABD119AFD687D9F" box="[499,715,1760,1787]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Ica" latitude="-14.268944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.19028" municipality="Paracas" name="Independencia Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Independencia Bay</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[726,814,1761,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Paracas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[825,859,1761,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[874,1039,1761,1788]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="08.20" value="-14.268944">14°1608.20″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1045,1223,1761,1788]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="25.00" value="-76.19028">76°1125.00″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[1241,1376,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="2.8">
<quantity box="[1241,1305,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="2.8">2.8 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[151,268,1796,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[278,409,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[445,572,1796,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">F. Azevedo</collectorName>
,
<date box="[584,724,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2008-12-09">
<collectingDate box="[584,724,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2008-12-09">09.XII.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-08-15" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="B. Moreno" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" elevation="8" latitude="-12.782514" location="Sensor Station" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000041" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[735,959,1796,1822]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">UCSUR 07-000041</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53884107EFBCC7C7A" box="[970,1135,1796,1822]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.782514" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" name="Sensor Station" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Sensor Station</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53F37107EFB597C7A" box="[1145,1274,1796,1822]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.782514" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" name="Asia Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Asia Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1285,1366,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Cañete</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1377,1436,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[159,325,1833,1860]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="57.05" value="-12.782514">12°4657.05S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[334,514,1833,1860]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="12.19" value="-76.620056">76°3712.19W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[535,654,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="8.0">
<quantity box="[535,580,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[726,853,1833,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">B. Moreno</collectorName>
,
<date box="[866,1015,1832,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2018-08-15">
<collectingDate box="[866,1015,1832,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2018-08-15">15.VIII.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="UCSUR" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.408999" location="Playa Sur" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.779564" municipality="San Bartolo" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000045" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1028,1255,1832,1859]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">UCSUR 07-000045</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53FBB1052FAC67C26" box="[1269,1381,1832,1858]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.408999" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.779564" municipality="San Bartolo" name="Playa Sur" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Playa Sur</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality pageId="5" pageNumber="456">San Bartolo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[251,310,1868,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[326,491,1869,1896]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="32.40" value="-12.408999">12°2432.40″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[499,678,1869,1896]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="46.42" value="-76.779564">76°4646.42″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date box="[698,730,1868,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2013-06-17">17.</date>
</materialsCitation>
<collectionCode box="[730,763,1868,1894]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">VI</collectionCode>
.2013.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-10" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="B. Moreno" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" elevation="4" latitude="-12.782514" location="Sensor Station" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000046, UCSUR 07-000047" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[841,1065,1868,1894]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">UCSUR 07-000046</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[1122,1348,1868,1894]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">UCSUR 07-000047</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53E1E1036FF4A7CEE" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.782514" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" name="Sensor Station" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Sensor Station</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53BB9100AFEDE7CEE" box="[247,381,1904,1930]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.782514" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" name="Asia Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Asia Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[397,478,1904,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Cañete</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[493,555,1904,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Lima</collectingCounty>
, (
<geoCoordinate box="[578,744,1905,1932]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="57.05" value="-12.782514">12°4657.05S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[755,935,1905,1932]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="12.19" value="-76.620056">76°3712.19W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[958,1082,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="4.0">
<quantity box="[958,1005,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[1158,1287,1905,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">B. Moreno</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1302,1432,1904,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2018-11-10">
<collectingDate box="[1302,1432,1904,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2018-11-10">10.XI.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-07-14" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="M. J. Sanchez" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.411352" location="Embajadores Beach" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.777565" municipality="Santa Maria" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000048" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[151,377,1940,1966]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">UCSUR 07-000048</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE53ACA10EEFDC47CCA" box="[388,615,1940,1966]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.411352" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.777565" municipality="Santa Maria" name="Embajadores Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Embajadores Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[626,766,1940,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Santa María</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[777,836,1940,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[851,1017,1941,1968]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="40.87" value="-12.411352">12°2440.87″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1024,1203,1941,1968]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="39.21" value="-76.777565">76°4639.21″W</geoCoordinate>
), coll.
<collectorName box="[1279,1432,1940,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">M.J. Sanchez</collectorName>
,
<date box="[151,291,1976,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2018-07-14">
<collectingDate box="[151,291,1976,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2018-07-14">14.VII.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-08-17" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="B. Condor-Lujan" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" elevation="5" latitude="-12.782514" location="Sensor Station" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000085" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[302,527,1976,2003]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">UCSUR 07-000085</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE5395510C2FD637CB6" box="[539,704,1976,2002]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.782514" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" name="Sensor Station" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Sensor Station</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F7DFFE73BD912F8FC2C7EF9:AC71DE959F7DFFE5398410C2FCEF7CB6" box="[714,844,1976,2002]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Lima" latitude="-12.782514" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.620056" municipality="Canete" name="Asia Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Asia Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[855,936,1976,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Cañete</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[947,1006,1976,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1022,1187,1977,2004]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="57.05" value="-12.782514">12°4657.05S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1195,1374,1977,2004]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" precision="1" seconds="12.19" value="-76.620056">76°3712.19W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="5.0">
<quantity box="[1393,1436,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[283,477,2012,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">B. Cóndor-Luján</collectorName>
,
<date box="[488,638,2012,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2019-08-17">
<collectingDate box="[488,638,2012,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2019-08-17">17.VIII.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" startId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,831,1909,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
FIGURE 2.
<taxonomicName authority="Sara, 1978" authorityName=", Sara" authorityYear="1978" box="[293,826,1909,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[293,692,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Halichondria (Halichondria) cristata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[705,826,1909,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11388 and MNRJ 12821, respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; D, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; EF, oxeas; GH, details of E; Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, approx. 1 cm; CD, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm; (CH = MNRJ 11388).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Description.</emphasis>
Specimens either encrusting, thin or thick cushion-shaped, irregularly spreading, or bearing irregular projections (lobate, digitiform, volcaniform). Specimens over
<quantity box="[954,1023,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
in largest diameter. Oscula common or uncommon, small (diam. =
<quantity box="[495,592,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13 mm</quantity>
), apical on short projections, or nearly flat, sometimes with prominent thin dermal membrane. Surface reticulated to the naked eye in MNRJ 12821. Consistency compressible and surface smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1437]" box="[199,885,330,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,288,330,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Colour.</emphasis>
Light yellow alive (
<figureCitation box="[515,635,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-30@6.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halichondria (Halichondria) cristata Sarà, 1978. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11388 and MNRJ 12821, respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; D, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; EF, oxeas; GH, details of E; Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, approx. 1 cm; CD, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm; (CH = MNRJ 11388)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836936/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
) and beige in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Variously cavernous, with abundant canals and subectosomal lacunae (
<figureCitation box="[1114,1204,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-30@6.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halichondria (Halichondria) cristata Sarà, 1978. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11388 and MNRJ 12821, respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; D, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; EF, oxeas; GH, details of E; Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, approx. 1 cm; CD, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm; (CH = MNRJ 11388)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836936/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Ectosomal, a loose reticulation intersected by many obliquely placed oxeas forming denser nodes (
<figureCitation box="[1048,1140,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-30@6.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halichondria (Halichondria) cristata Sarà, 1978. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11388 and MNRJ 12821, respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; D, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; EF, oxeas; GH, details of E; Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, approx. 1 cm; CD, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm; (CH = MNRJ 11388)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836936/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal, with only rarely any sign of tracts (MNRJ 12821), or presenting loose, paucispicular radiating tracts (MNRJ 11388) more visible in the subectosomal area. Mostly, oxeas appear strewn at random.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1437]" box="[199,1436,510,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,510,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres.Oxeas, slightly bent at centre, tapering gradually (205544 x 519 µm,
<figureCitation box="[1224,1330,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-30@6.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halichondria (Halichondria) cristata Sarà, 1978. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 11388 and MNRJ 12821, respectively); C, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; D, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; EF, oxeas; GH, details of E; Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, approx. 1 cm; CD, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm; (CH = MNRJ 11388)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836936/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig.2F, H</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[1340,1423,511,537]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1484,1508]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule (oxeas) measurements of Halichondria (H.) cristata. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation, N=number of spicules measured." pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Ecology.</emphasis>
This species occurred as an abundant epibiont on seagrass at Lobos de Afuera Islands (northern
<collectingCountry box="[1369,1425,547,573]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Peru</collectingCountry>
), with several individuals forming patches over
<quantity box="[693,765,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
in diameter, but also encrusting on cirripeds and densely intermingled to abundant erect, ramified bryozoans. At La Vieja and Asia islands (southern and central
<collectingCountry box="[1369,1425,619,645]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Peru</collectingCountry>
), specimens occurred amidst anemones [
<emphasis box="[583,788,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Anthotoe chilensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lesson, R. P." box="[803,954,655,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" refId="ref22556" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Description des animaux de la famille des Actiniees. Voyage Autour du Monde, Execute par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de La Majeste, La Coquille, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824, et 1825, sous le ministere et conformement aux instructions de S. E. M. le Marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre, ministre de la marine. Tome Second, Deuxieme Division. Chapitre XVI. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal volume" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)] and red-algae or associated to the holdfast of the kelp
<taxonomicName box="[279,452,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Agaonidae" genus="Eisenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockeri">
<emphasis box="[279,452,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Eisenia cockeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UCSUR 07-000041). Previously, it was found associated to mytillids and
<taxonomicName authority="(Sara 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Sara" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Macrocystis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1300,1436,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Macrocystis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[159,277,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,734,762,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Geographic and bathymetrical distributions.</emphasis>
SW Atlantic: Tierra del Fuego (
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[1096,1221,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà, 1978</bibRefCitation>
). SE Pacific: along the coasts of
<collectingCountry box="[298,352,799,825]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Peru</collectingCountry>
, including Lobos de Afuera (
<geoCoordinate box="[677,741,799,825]" degrees="06" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" precision="55555" value="-6.0">06° S</geoCoordinate>
), Asia (
<geoCoordinate box="[828,890,799,825]" degrees="12" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" precision="55555" value="-12.0">12° S</geoCoordinate>
) and La Vieja islands (
<geoCoordinate box="[1148,1212,799,825]" degrees="14" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" precision="55555" value="-14.0">14° S</geoCoordinate>
, this study). Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) in
<collectingCountry box="[574,630,835,861]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Central
<collectingCountry box="[729,780,835,861]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Peru</collectingCountry>
and Humboldtian ecoregions (
<bibRefCitation author="Spalding, M. D. &amp; Fox, H. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Davidson, N. &amp; Ferdana, Z. A. &amp; Finlayson, M. &amp; Halpern, B. S. &amp; Jorge, M. A. &amp; Lombana, A. &amp; Lourie, S. A. &amp; Martin, K. D. &amp; McManus, E. &amp; Molnar, J. &amp; Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J." box="[1125,1357,835,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref24187" refString="Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdana, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707" type="journal article" year="2007">
Spalding
<emphasis box="[1234,1290,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). From intertidal (
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[267,382,871,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà 1978</bibRefCitation>
) to
<quantity box="[426,483,871,897]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="m" value="31.0">31 m</quantity>
depth (this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,907,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Remarks.</emphasis>
The only
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[429,580,907,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[429,580,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Halichondria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known thus far from the SE Pacific is
<taxonomicName authority="Thiele, 1905" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[1015,1305,906,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="prostrata">
<emphasis box="[1015,1153,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">H. prostrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[1160,1305,906,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with oxeas only 300320 µm long. Other seven species are known from the SW Atlantic. Among these, another two were reported with yellow(ish) colour in life,
<taxonomicName authority="(Topsent, 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[631,1106,978,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="attenuata" subGenus="Eumastia">
<emphasis box="[631,659,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[679,785,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Eumastia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis box="[806,912,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">attenuata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E." box="[933,1097,978,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="35 - 37" refId="ref24910" refString="Topsent, E. (1915) Spongiaires recueillis par la ' Scotia' dans l'Antarctique (1903 - 1904). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Supplement, 51 (1 - 2), 35 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0080456800018883" type="journal article" year="1915">Topsent, 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Falklands Islands and
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Sara" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,447,1015,1041]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis box="[151,179,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[194,345,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Halichondria</emphasis>
)
<emphasis box="[361,447,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">cristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion box="[514,703,1015,1041]" country="Argentina" name="Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Tierra del Fuego</collectingRegion>
. The former with a distinct densely fistular surface and oxeas that can be telescoped or mucronated, while the latter, aside its surface reported to bear abundant laminae and ridges, appears indistinguishable from the Peruvian specimens. In the original description of
<emphasis box="[1116,1136,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">H</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority=", Sara (1978)" authorityName=", Sara" authorityYear="1978" box="[1151,1436,1087,1113]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristata" subGenus="Halichondria">
(
<emphasis box="[1160,1180,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">H</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis box="[1204,1290,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">cristata</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M." box="[1304,1436,1087,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="7 - 117" refId="ref23878" refString="Sara, M. (1978) Demospongie di acque superficiali della Terra del Fuoco (Spedizioni AMF Mares - GRSTS e SAI). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Universita di Genova, 46, 7 - 117." type="journal article" year="1978">Sarà (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned that the surface ornamentation was considerably less pronounced in encrusting specimens, which might explain the apparent absence in the encrusting Peruvian specimens studied.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Sara" authorityYear="1978" box="[199,498,1195,1221]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="484" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis box="[199,350,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Halichondria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[367,387,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">H</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis box="[412,498,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">cristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been recorded from Mar del Plata (
<bibRefCitation author="Cuartas, E. I." box="[1000,1152,1195,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="43 - 63" refId="ref20338" refString="Cuartas, E. I. (1991) Demospongiae (Porifera) de Mar del Plata (Argentina), con la descripcion de Cliona lisa sp. n. y Plicatellopsis reptans sp. n. Neritica, 6, 43 - 63." type="journal article" year="1991">Cuartas 1991</bibRefCitation>
) but has been tentatively assigned to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[289,440,1231,1257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[289,440,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Halichondria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Gastaldi, de Paula, Narvarte, Lobo-Hajdu &amp; Hajdu, 2018" authorityName="Gastaldi, de Paula, Narvarte, Lobo-Hajdu &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2018" box="[449,1246,1231,1257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elenae" subGenus="Halichondria">
(
<emphasis box="[458,478,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">H</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis box="[505,578,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">elenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gastaldi, M. &amp; de Paula, T. S. &amp; Narvarte, M. A. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E." box="[587,1246,1231,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="682 - 716" refId="ref21361" refString="Gastaldi, M., de Paula, T. S., Narvarte, M. A., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2018) Marine sponges (Porifera) from the Bahia San Antonio (North Patagonian Gulfs, Argentina), with additions to the phylogeography of the widely distributed Cliona aff. celata and Hymeniacidon perlevis, and the description of two new species. Marine Biology Research, 14 (7), 682 - 716. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2018.1506136" type="journal article" year="2018">Gastaldi, de Paula, Narvarte, Lôbo-Hajdu &amp; Hajdu, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Bahia San Antonio (North Patagonian,
<collectingCountry box="[468,581,1267,1293]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Argentina</collectingCountry>
) based on the similarity of their spicule dimensions (290360 × 59 µm and 185458 × 519 µm, respectively) and geographic proximity (
<bibRefCitation author="Gastaldi, M. &amp; de Paula, T. S. &amp; Narvarte, M. A. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E." box="[860,1087,1303,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="682 - 716" refId="ref21361" refString="Gastaldi, M., de Paula, T. S., Narvarte, M. A., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2018) Marine sponges (Porifera) from the Bahia San Antonio (North Patagonian Gulfs, Argentina), with additions to the phylogeography of the widely distributed Cliona aff. celata and Hymeniacidon perlevis, and the description of two new species. Marine Biology Research, 14 (7), 682 - 716. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2018.1506136" type="journal article" year="2018">
Gastaldi
<emphasis box="[961,1019,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Compared to
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Sara" authorityYear="1978" box="[1261,1437,1303,1329]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristata" subGenus="Halichondria">
<emphasis box="[1261,1281,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis box="[1306,1326,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">H</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis box="[1351,1437,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">cristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry box="[213,267,1339,1365]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Cuartas´ material possesses paucispicular tracts perpendicular to the surface joined transversely by one or two spicules (
<bibRefCitation author="Cuartas, E. I." box="[340,494,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="43 - 63" refId="ref20338" refString="Cuartas, E. I. (1991) Demospongiae (Porifera) de Mar del Plata (Argentina), con la descripcion de Cliona lisa sp. n. y Plicatellopsis reptans sp. n. Neritica, 6, 43 - 63." type="journal article" year="1991">Cuartas 1991</bibRefCitation>
), while the skeleton of the Peruvian specimens is composed of multispicular tracts and the spicules can attain larger dimensions (205544 x 519 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.8711" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69ba8c7a-80bf-466a-b3eb-b8707ea413e4" ID-PMC="PMC5096366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-625-111" ID-PubMed="27833430" ID-ZBK="26DA6EC1C7B94E878F7DCE1400116AB3" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-625-111" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 625" ModsDocTitle="Eight new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller from Vietnam with a key to species from Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae)" checkinTime="1476931204119" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Galinskaya, Tatiana V. &amp; Shatalkin, Anatoly I." docDate="2016" docId="210777AA6A23A3E80F10574CA876011D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 625: 111-142" docOrigin="ZooKeys 625" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.8711" docTitle="Strongylophthalmyia dichroa Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="41F487F6-4F57-4BE6-B9AE-506B4A0DFBA0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="FFC0FFA460764E6FFFC3FFADFFC3FFE1" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller from Vietnam with a key to species from Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1668163626443" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Eight new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller from Vietnam with a key to species from Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Galinskaya, Tatiana V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127901237" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:41F487F6-4F57-4BE6-B9AE-506B4A0DFBA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/210777AA6A23A3E80F10574CA876011D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Strongylophthalmyiidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/41F487F6-4F57-4BE6-B9AE-506B4A0DFBA0" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylophthalmyia dichroa" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">Strongylophthalmyia dichroa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="11" pageNumber="122">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 3
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
Holotype: 1 female, Vietnam, Lai
<normalizedToken originalValue="Châu">Chau</normalizedToken>
Province,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hoáng">Hoang</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liên">Lien</normalizedToken>
(
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.33788">22.33788°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.77922">103.77922°E</geoCoordinate>
), 2068 m, 7.V. 2013 (T.V. Galinskaya). ZMUM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
This new species belongs to the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylophthalmyia crinita" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">Strongylophthalmyia crinita</taxonomicName>
species group. Species of this group are characterized by transparent wing, bare arista, yellow legs, mid and hind femora with apical dark brown ring. Within this group the new species is close to species with yellow face and totally black frons. The new species differ from all species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylophthalmyia crinita" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">Strongylophthalmyia crinita</taxonomicName>
species group by palpus with character coloration (yellow, darkened in basal half on anterior margin, with some black setulae apically). Among oriental species only
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylophthalmyia stylocera" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stylocera">Strongylophthalmyia stylocera</taxonomicName>
from Philippines has these characters, but it is a much smaller species, 2.7 mm (4.8 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylophthalmyia dichroa" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">Strongylophthalmyia dichroa</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
Female.Head black, shining, slightly shorter than height. Frons entirely black, shining; ocellar tubercle slightly shifted towards anterior: the ratio between height of the frons from its anterior margin to hind ocelli and from hind ocelli to vertex or in
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="123" start="start">ner</pageBreakToken>
vertical seta equal to 1.1. Occiput black shining, slightly convex. Face very narrow, yellowish, with triangular black spot in lower part, and consequently it seems dark; face with row of short setulae along suture. Parafacial yellow, covered with white tomentum. Basal antennal segments yellow, first flagellomere darkened, rounded, with short yellow dorsal setulae. Arista brown, bare. Mouthparts brown; palpus yellow, darkened in basal half on anterior margin, with some black setulae apically. Chaetotaxy. Three orbital setae, 1 ocellar seta, 1 postocellar seta, 1 inner vertical seta, 1 outer vertical seta, 1 frontal seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Thorax black. Basisternum without a pair of yellow spots. Mesonotum slightly matte, clothed with short yellow dense setulae; postpronotum shining, practically bare; pleuron, including region surrounding anterior spiracle black shining, anepisternum with well-developed light or yellowish setulae ventrally near the mid-coxa and posteriorly near the pleural suture; scutellum bare, matte. Legs yellow, mid and hind femora with dark brown preapical ring; hind tibia with traces of darkening in the basal half; last two tarsal segments slightly brownish. Wings transparent; cell r4+5 and posterior border of cell r2+3 slightly smoke-coloured. Vein R2+3 long, its end far beyond the level of dm-cu: section of C between R1 and R2+3 in 1.9 times longer than a projection of a following section (between R2+3 and R4+5). R4+5 and M1+2 nearly parallel apically. Vein M1+2 between r-m and dm-cu approximately 2 times longer than previous one and nearly 1.4 times shorter than ultimate one. Cell bm approximately 0.45 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter dark grey with fan of very long light setulae on margin. Halter with yellowish stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: one very small postpronotal seta, one dorsocentral seta, two notopleural setae, one supraalar seta, one postalar seta, one anepisternal seta, one stout apical scutellar seta. All setae black.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Abdomen shiny black.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Body length 4.8 mm; wing length 4.0 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Male unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="123" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="123">The specific name refers to a bi-coloured palpus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
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<mods:title id="429146BED201CFBC6AB8CB750D070D8C">Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 3. Plumbaginaceae bis Compositae (2 nd edition): Scrophulariaceae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4DE819E8522B7D6499D09D359ABE8799">Hess, Hans Ernst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B95CFD3A9D99C87A74D47A5B37EA6FBE">Landolt, Elias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF96B08B870E8440C61A3183FF07C8AC">Hirzel, Rosmarie</mods:namePart>
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<title id="735FBD5E270BEBA556F842EFAC51E344" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">
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<paragraph id="435E4C262727E4D4BE9A63FF4885D594" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">
<taxonomicName id="397883503C96DFD4FA953214ACD768B1" authority="Gaudin" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Pedicularis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="null" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cenisia">
Pedicularis
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Gaudin
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="1B501310A39F3660ED5274C4C47D754A" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">
Mont
<normalizedToken id="B7FCF550754D2A2FBF58581A5FC40C8C" originalValue="Cenis-Läusekraut" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">Cenis-Laeusekraut</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E005B20AF78BBF6DB208C7429A6254F0" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">
Unterscheidet sich von
<emphasis id="DED67DCB6CD763BC72A639C8EABCA848" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">P. rostrato-capitata</emphasis>
(Nr. 8) durch folgende Merkmale: Stengel,
<normalizedToken id="BF0B6F1DF7928E6D04B9428748896958" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
(besonders die obern) und Blattstiele behaart;
<emphasis id="F099254F4349A554062DE3757F5709DC" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">Kelch 7</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="E587674C277576B68D95AFF1CDBC730E" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">9 mm lang, dicht behaart</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="3FC634312535662467431F76D7DEE629" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">Haare 1</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="F76B9C81058B77C4AA1E3840202BA77A" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">2 mm lang</emphasis>
, mehrzellig);
<emphasis id="A1DE7042E9C822676D8AC26A79A96D5C" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">Kronunterlippe kahl.</emphasis>
-
<normalizedToken id="ADF138ACDD3EE4AF88E0024D3866A4AC" originalValue="Blüte" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">Bluete</normalizedToken>
: Sommer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C1066571C4EF61A0C444F1D1DF27C80" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="34E316F7D26C10D591E6B90320EF533B" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">Zytologische Angaben.</emphasis>
Keine Untersuchungen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641D581705BE3D889DF6583D38258F54" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="A856566EC459BE8F02D2CD0342982654" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">Standort.</emphasis>
Subalpin und alpin. Steinige, lockere
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. Grasige
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B421C1F7A3424128399E1F404833D84E" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">Verbreitung. Westalpin-apenninische Pflanze:</emphasis>
Westalpen (Hautes Alpes, Savoyen und Piemont),
<normalizedToken id="AE68FB365CA3B3D1A55526834005AC1B" originalValue="nördlicher" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">noerdlicher</normalizedToken>
Apennin. - Im Gebiet: Savoyen (Tarentaise, Maurienne),
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St. Bernhard (
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), Grajische Alpen; nicht
<normalizedToken id="7E42B4AD35B437921089BBAE9C99BE76" originalValue="häufig" pageId="null" pageNumber="227">haeufig</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
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<mods:title id="41D8A8DC2511A0E5873EE46D5507B711">Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="7347C9ACDD15E4F1113E28579A381310" ID-CoL="4BBGY" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sensitiva" status="spec. nov.">Oxalis sensitiva</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F6994596F387F8612721A2535F97B1E5" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="37B3CD337B020003B2948140583CD342" pageNumber="434">
8. Oxalis scapo umbellifero, foliis pinnatis.
<emphasis id="DB608D67B6EA55145FDD8050EEF56E33" italics="true">Fl. zeyl. 180.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB51902827FAF6814AF0AD5901EFE76B" pageNumber="434">
Oxyoides malabarica sensitiva, caule viridi glabro, flore luteo majore.
<emphasis id="198AF7ED6FDFB32A38733CB1B4A32A8B" italics="true">Garc. act. angl. 1730. p.379. t.2.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E120092D6708B53F2871DECA56F48C5B" pageNumber="434">
Herba Mimosa malabariensium.
<emphasis id="808B3796C85A4741A2BA5EBEA7497774" italics="true">Zan. hist. 199. t. 61.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56599DBF8A6893970E2F4A78C2E4CBB8" pageNumber="434">
Herba viva.
<emphasis id="61EFCB0392B604FD8EDA6FD668238F60" italics="true">Clus. exot. 290.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E061EC5AAFDFC917C0F7671932B1DFB1" pageNumber="434">
Herba viva foliis polypodii.
<emphasis id="3BA2563FCFABF9F1894D3880C5BA0692" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 259.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="68935F0C366D1E371D7E67E56CB2399E" pageNumber="434">
Todda vaddi.
<emphasis id="1EA84A5D1538036E592856BD974ECE73" italics="true">Rheed. mal. 9. p. 33. t. 19.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A2EBF543CBD707E6F03F9CEB9A99F47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7877E4E2D2DED2450751557585C4F217" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="635FC85BE15CCF1DE750105C27D573E8" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
India
<emphasis id="2FFF24094C14A1784F8AB1F22B17C0FA" italics="true">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA7DF47E3DB73502591CCF0DF10781E2" type="description">
<paragraph id="474D8CD4620444ECBC6C7C75314D5CE8" pageNumber="434">
<heading id="3859032A54D4255795D5DC58CCB6DA23" level="5">
* *
<emphasis id="72D5DFF8858F74FBEF4380D859F4E026" italics="true">Foliis caulinis alternis.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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