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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416" ID-PMC="PMC3577090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-245-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" ID-PubMed="23431087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578462" ModsDocID="1313-2970-245-1" checkinTime="1425642919252" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bousquet, Yves" docDate="2012" docId="21056C721181C8A452DEB8706D732990" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 245: 1-1722" docOrigin="ZooKeys 245" docPubDate="2012-11-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416" docTitle="Lebia nigricapitata Madge 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" lastPageNumber="824" masterDocId="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="1722" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="824" updateTime="1668154792637" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Bousquet, Yves</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2012-11-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number>245</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127869206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21056C721181C8A452DEB8706D732990" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21056C721181C8A452DEB8706D732990" lastPageNumber="824" pageId="823" pageNumber="824">
<subSubSection pageId="823" pageNumber="824" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="823" pageNumber="824">
<taxonomicName LSID="21056C72-1181-C8A4-52DE-B8706D732990" authority="Madge, 1967" authorityName="Madge" authorityYear="1967" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lebia nigricapitata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="823" pageNumber="824" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricapitata">Lebia nigricapitata Madge, 1967</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="823" pageNumber="824" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="823" pageNumber="824">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Madge" authorityYear="1967" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="823" pageNumber="824" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricapitata">Lebia nigricapitata</taxonomicName>
Madge, 1967: 195. Type locality: &quot;Oak C[ree]k Canyon [Coconino County], Ariz[ona]&quot; (original citation). Holotype (♂) in CAS [# 8162].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="823" pageNumber="824" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="823" pageNumber="824">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="823" pageNumber="824">This species is known only from a few localities in Arizona (Madge 1967: 196).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="823" pageNumber="824" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="823" pageNumber="824">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="823" pageNumber="824">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="823" pageNumber="824">USA</emphasis>
: AZ
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:date id="4868A5B1152CE6328726D2B5C0A19B45">2014</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="E1E84499B78F1C8BC7511F1F42115F98" ID-CoL="8G8NT" authority="Daday, 1896" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1896" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Eumonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumonhystera pseudobulbosa" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudobulbosa">Eumonhystera pseudobulbosa (Daday, 1896)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="98E670EEB255EC3B024397FED9009FE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="0FDA615BA3E71A1265C6D1579D661886" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Monohystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monohystera pseudobulbosa" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudobulbosa">Monohystera pseudobulbosa</taxonomicName>
Daday, 1896 (lapsus)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8CBBA9DD5FE6B56DA637A2FD7A4D2721" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99FC21624C7FC049EC03068E7B3B0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165">
Greenland (
<bibRefCitation id="2CA50B0F9C1740FCBC97E2764881CE91" author="Ditlevsen, H." journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser om Gronland" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" pagination="159 - 198" title="Free-living Nematodes from Greenland, land and freshwater" volume="23" year="1927">Ditlevsen 1927</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8198" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf51ef6c-3446-4fd4-bb71-fdddcf1f773b" ID-PMC="PMC4956932" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-63-107" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF82FFF8E373BE6BFFF3FF84BF08EE20" ID-PubMed="27489482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="121162" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2003-63-107" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 63" ModsDocTitle="A revision of PoasubsectionAphanelytrum (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poaeae, Poinae); and a new species, Poaauriculata" checkinTime="1465304805122" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M. &amp; Soreng, Robert J." docDate="2016" docId="210594040E36B124ADC6C71CA87EF204" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 63: 107-125" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 63" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8198" docTitle="Poa auriculata Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF82FFF8E373BE6BFFF3FF84BF08EE20" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="FF82FFF8E373BE6BFFF3FF84BF08EE20" masterDocTitle="A revision of Poa subsection Aphanelytrum (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poaeae, Poinae); and a new species, Poa auriculata" masterLastPageNumber="125" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="116" updateTime="1668141686291" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of Poa subsection Aphanelytrum (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poaeae, Poinae); and a new species, Poa auriculata</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161677319" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210594040E36B124ADC6C71CA87EF204" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/210594040E36B124ADC6C71CA87EF204" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AD1DD940-5F49-55E7-B37E-EBAFC013B9A4" authority="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityName="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa auriculata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata" status="sp. nov.">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="116" start="start">Poa</pageBreakToken>
auriculata Soreng &amp; P.M. Peterson
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="116">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Poa auriculata: A Habit B Sheath, auricles, ligule, and blade C Spikelet D Glumes E Lower glume F Floret G Lemma H Palea, lateral view I Stamens with palea J Pistil enclosed in palea K Lodicules, pistil, and rachilla. (Wurdack 1145, US- 2382274)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8198.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/91501" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<normalizedToken originalValue="PERÚ">PERU</normalizedToken>
. Departamento Amazonas, Provincia Chachapoyas, summit of Puma-urcu southeast of Chachapoyas, occasional on dry cliff face, 3100-3200 m, 3 Jul 1962,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">J.J. Wurdack 1145</emphasis>
(holotype: US-2382274!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa auriculata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa auriculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tovar" authorityYear="1965" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa scabrivaginata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabrivaginata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa scabrivaginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tovar in having 4-6-flowered spikelets, a glabrous callus, glumes 2-3 mm long, and lemmas 2.5-3.8 mm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Caespitose, annuals or short-lived perennials. Culms 40-72 cm tall, erect, scabrous, shiny, often weak; nodes 3-5. Leaf sheaths 2/3 to 4/5 as long the internodes, membranous, greenish to stramineous, scabrous, upper sheaths open for 1/3 the length, keeled, summit with prominent triangular auricles; ligules 3.3-5 mm long, membranous to hyaline, apex erose, often split down the center; blades 6-15 cm long (flag leaf 3-6 cm long), 3-6 mm wide, flat, thin, lax, linear, scabrous. Panicles 5-11 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, ovate, open; branches flexuous, effuse and spreading with numerous spikelets, scabrous, the lower branches capillary. Spikelets 5-7 mm long, 4-6-flowered, glabrous, ovate, greenish-yellow tinged with purple; rachilla 0.4-1.0 mm long; glumes 2-3 mm long, membranous, subequal; lower glumes 2-2.5 mm long, 1-veined, linear lanceolate, apex acuminate; upper glumes 2.4-3 mm long, 3-veined, the veins not conspicuous, lanceolate, apex acute; lemmas 2.5-3.8 mm long, 5-veined, lanceolate, membranous; apex acute, unawned; paleas 2.3-3.7 mm long, membranous, 2-keeled, the keels scabrous, apex minutely bifid; lodicules 0.4-0.5 mm long, ovate, membranous, glabrous; stamens 3; anthers 1.9-2.1 mm long, yellowish; ovaries glabrous with two styles and two stigmas. Caryopses not seen.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Flowering in June and July.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa auriculata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa auriculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the type locality in Cordillera de los Andes of Peru near Chachapoyas between 3100-3200 m growing on a dry cliff face.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
The species is rare, but its conservation status is data deficient (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="US Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="11" pageNumber="118" refId="B13" refString="IUCN, 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3." title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3" year="2010">IUCN 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
The specific epithet refers to the triangular auricles that are found on the summit of the sheaths, a feature that is unique among species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="subsect. Tovarochloa (Macfarl. &amp; P. But) Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="subsect. Tovarochloa (Macfarl. &amp; P. But) Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
Initially RJS considered
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa auriculata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa auriculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be related to species in
<taxonomicName authority="subsect. Aphanelytrum" authorityName="subsect. Aphanelytrum (Hack.) Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="subsect. Tovarochloa (Macfarl. &amp; P. But) Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subsect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" subsection="Aphanelytrum">Poa subsect. Aphanelytrum</taxonomicName>
. We do not place the new species in
<taxonomicName authority="subsect. Aphanelytrum" authorityName="subsect. Aphanelytrum (Hack.) Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="subsect. Tovarochloa (Macfarl. &amp; P. But) Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subsect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" subsection="Aphanelytrum">Poa subsect. Aphanelytrum</taxonomicName>
because the spikelets have short rachillas and are 4-6-flowered, the habit is annual to short-lived perennials with erect culms, and the lemmas are unawned without mucros. However, aside from the auricles,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa auriculata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa auriculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically consistent with the 300 or so species that reside within
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Poa supersect. Homalopoa" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="supersect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" supersection="Homalopoa">Poa subg. Poa supersect. Homalopoa</taxonomicName>
. We hope to include a sample of this species in upcoming molecular analyses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tovar" authorityYear="1965" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa scabrivaginata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabrivaginata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa scabrivaginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa auriculata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa auriculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 2-flowered spikelets (4-6 in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa auriculata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa auriculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a few cobwebby hairs on the callus (verses glabrous), glumes 3.6-4.3 mm long (verses 2-3 mm), and lemmas 4.2-4.5 mm long (verses 2.5-3.8 mm) [
<bibRefCitation author="Tovar, O" journalOrPublisher="Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural &quot; Javier Prado &quot;" pageId="11" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 65" refId="B36" refString="Tovar, O, 1965. Revision de las especies Peruanas del genero Poa. Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural &quot;Javier Prado&quot; 15: 1 - 65" title="Revision de las especies Peruanas del genero Poa." volume="15" year="1965">Tovar 1965</bibRefCitation>
].
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hack" authorityYear="1902" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa aequatoriensis" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aequatoriensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa aequatoriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hack., another species possible to confuse with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa auriculata" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Poa auriculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="117" start="start">differs</pageBreakToken>
in having 2- or 3-, rarely 4-flowered spikelets, a few cobwebby hairs on the callus, and lemmas 3.6-4 mm long (
<bibRefCitation author="Tovar, O" journalOrPublisher="Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural &quot; Javier Prado &quot;" pageId="11" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 65" refId="B36" refString="Tovar, O, 1965. Revision de las especies Peruanas del genero Poa. Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural &quot;Javier Prado&quot; 15: 1 - 65" title="Revision de las especies Peruanas del genero Poa." volume="15" year="1965">Tovar 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hack" authorityYear="1902" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa aequatoriensis" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aequatoriensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">Poa aequatoriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more wide ranging and has been reported in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru whereas
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tovar" authorityYear="1965" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa scabrivaginata" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabrivaginata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">Poa scabrivaginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the type (Depto. de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, Tambo de Vaca,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">J.F. Macbride 4354</emphasis>
at US) and one other possible collection (Depto. de Cajamarca, Celendin, I.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega 2668 at MO) [
<bibRefCitation author="Sylvester, SP" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="11" pageNumber="118" refId="B34" refString="Sylvester, SP, Soreng, RJ, Peterson, PM, Sylvester, MDPV, in press. An updated checklist and key to the open-panicled species of Poa L. (Poaceae) in Peru including three new species, Poaramoniana, Poatayacajaensis, and Poaurubambensis. PhytoKeys." title="An updated checklist and key to the open-panicled species of Poa L. (Poaceae) in Peru including three new species, Poaramoniana, Poatayacajaensis, and Poaurubambensis. PhytoKeys." year="in press">Sylvester et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="979691" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8198.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/91501" pageId="10" pageNumber="117" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soreng &amp; P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa auriculata" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">Poa auriculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">B</emphasis>
Sheath, auricles, ligule, and blade
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">C</emphasis>
Spikelet
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">D</emphasis>
Glumes
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">E</emphasis>
Lower glume
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">F</emphasis>
Floret
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">G</emphasis>
Lemma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">H</emphasis>
Palea, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">I</emphasis>
Stamens with palea
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">J</emphasis>
Pistil enclosed in palea
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">K</emphasis>
Lodicules, pistil, and rachilla. (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="117">Wurdack 1145</emphasis>
, US-2382274)
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
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<mods:title>An overview of the Mediterranean cave-dwelling horny sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Manconi, Renata</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cadeddu, Barbara</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ledda, Fabio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pronzato, Roberto</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number>281</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042135" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2105EB40E7E191711DC3CD79CA3E18E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2105EB40E7E191711DC3CD79CA3E18E3" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sarcotragus_fasciculatus" authority="(Schmidt, 1862) comb. n." class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus fasciculatus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">Sarcotragus fasciculatus (Schmidt, 1862) comb. n.</taxonomicName>
Fig. 20
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Hircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hircinia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Hircinia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
Schmidt, 1862: 34
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Growth form massive, irregular (up to 12
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
15 cm in diameter). Surface regularly conulose (1 mm in height, 1-2 mm apart). Skeleton network light brown, fragile, reticulate with more or less square meshes from the sponge base to the surface. Almost parallel ascending primary fibres (200-300
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter) free from foreign inclusions, with apices supporting conules. Each primary fibre as a bundle of some (2-
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
) uncored secondary fibres (50-100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter) joined by conspicuous spongin tracts and cribrose plates. Filaments less than 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, abundant, and whitish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Cave, rocky bottom,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Posidonia oceanica" order="Alismatales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oceanica">Posidonia oceanica</taxonomicName>
meadow, coralligenous community. Bathymetric range 1-100 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="mediterranean caves">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mediterranean Caves.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Blue, La Catedral, J1, Meda Petita, Petita de la Vaca, Misidacis caves (Balearic Sea); Bagaud, Endoume, Figuier,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Trèmies">Tremies</normalizedToken>
caves (Gulf of Lions); Zoagli-Chiavari Cave (Ligurian Sea); Misteri, Gaiola, Tuffo Tuffo caves (Central Tyrrhenian Sea); Molare caves (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea); Monastir, Salakta caves (Sicily
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">Channel</pageBreakToken>
); Leuca caves (Ionian Sea);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stražica">Strazica</normalizedToken>
Cave (Northern Adriatic Sea); Arenile, Pagliai, Viole, Coccodrillo, Cala Tonda, Bue Marino, Rondinelle, Pecore, Regina caves (Southern Adriatic Sea) (
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Archivio Zoologico Italiano" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="203 - 280" title="Studio sui Poriferi di una grotta di marea del Golfo di Napoli." volume="43" year="1958">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sarà">Sara</normalizedToken>
1958
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Napoli" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 7" title="Considerazioni sulla distribuzione ed ecologia dei Poriferi nelle grotte." volume="11" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Napoli" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 32" title="Zonazione dei Poriferi nella Grotta &quot; della Gaiola &quot;." volume="13" year="1961 a">1961a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Archivio Zoologico Italiano" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 59" title="La fauna dei Poriferi delle grotte delle isole Tremiti. Studio ecologico e sistematico." volume="46" year="1961 b">b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Chiara" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="191 - 215" title="Distribuzione ed ecologia dei Poriferi in acque superficiali del Golfo di Policastro (Mar Tirreno). Annali del Pontificio Istituto Superiore di Scienze e Lettere S." volume="12" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Archivio Zoologico Italiano" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="181 - 248" title="Distribuzione ed ecologia dei Poriferi in acque superficiali della Riviera ligure di Levante." volume="49" year="1964 a">1964a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sara, M" journalOrPublisher="Rapports et proces-verbaux de la Commission internationale pour l'etude scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="83 - 85" title="Stratification des peuplements d'esponges a recouvrement total dans certainens grottes du niveau superficiel." volume="19" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Labate, M" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="541 - 553" title="Ecologia dei Poriferi della Grotta della Regina." volume="32" year="1965">Labate 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Melone, N" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale &quot; Giacomo Doria &quot;" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="344 - 358" title="I Poriferi associati a Corallium rubrum (L.) della Sardegna." volume="75" year="1965">Melone 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ruetzler, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="303 - 319" title="Die Poriferen einer sorrentiner Hoehle. Ergebnisse der Oesterreichischen Tyrrhenia-Expedition 1952." volume="176" year="1966">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rützler">Ruetzler</normalizedToken>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Pouliquen, L" journalOrPublisher="Tethys" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="715 - 758" title="Les Spongiaires des grottes sous-marines de la region de Marseille. Ecologie et systematique." volume="3" year="1972">Pouliquen 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bibiloni et al. 1984a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Bibiloni, MA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="317 - 334" title="Sponge communities in three submarine caves of the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean): adaptation and faunistic composition. P. S. Z. N." url="10.1111/j.1439-0485.1989.tb00076.x" volume="10" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Corriero, G" journalOrPublisher=": Marine Ecology" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="85 - 96" title="The Sponge Community of Semi Submerged Mediterranean cave. P. S. Z. N." url="10.1046/j.1439-0485.2000.00655.x" volume="21" year="2000">Corriero et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Novosel et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ben Mustapha, K" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut National Scientifique et Technique d'Oceanographie et de Peche de Salammbo" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="55 - 78" title="Diversite des demosponges tunisiennes." volume="30" year="2003">Ben Mustapha et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Harmelin, JG" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports of the Port-Cros Natural Park" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="117 - 134" title="Peuplement de la grotte sous-marine de l'Ile de Bagaud (Parc National de Port-Cros, France, Mediterranee)." volume="19" year="2003">Harmelin et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Marti, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="557 - 572" title="Benthic assemblages in two Mediterranean caves: species diversity and coverage as a function of abiotic parameters and geographic distance." url="10.1017/S0025315404009567h" volume="84" year="2004">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martì">Marti</normalizedToken>
et al. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pronzato and Manconi 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
The present description is based on the holotype LMJG 15499 (Museum Joanneum of Graz, Austria), O. Schmidt collection, from Lesina (Adriatic Sea),
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
other specimens belonging to the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schmidt’s">Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
collection preserved in the same museum. The study in depth of this dry holotype material resulted in the evidence that it does not belong to the genus
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Ircinia</taxonomicName>
but perfectly matches the genus
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Sarcotragus</taxonomicName>
. The holotype is, probably, a fragment of a bigger specimen and does not exceed 15 cm in diameter; no traces of dermal membrane or choanosomal architecture are visible, suggesting that it can be a beached specimen. The type material of Pallas
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Spongia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
is missing and the single specimen of
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Ircinia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
belonging to the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schmidt’s">Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
collection (NHMG 15499) must be ascribed to the genus
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Sarcotragus</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Pronzato, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti di Biologia dell'Universita di Genova" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="553 - 563" title="The taxonomic status of Ircinia fasciculata, Ircinia felix, and Ircinia variabilis (Dictyoceratida, Irciniidae)." volume="68" volumeTitle=", Sponge Science in the New Millennium." year="2004">Pronzato et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
investigated the species formerly named
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Ircinia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
(Pallas, 1766); the result was that
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia variabilis" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">Ircinia variabilis</taxonomicName>
(Schmidt, 1862) became the type species of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Ircinia</taxonomicName>
Nardo, 1833 and the specimen LMJG 15499, of
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ircinia fasciculata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculata">Ircinia fasciculata</taxonomicName>
, was moved under the genus
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Sarcotragus</taxonomicName>
Schmidt, 1862 affirming that: &quot;a further study will decide if this species is a good one or a synonym&quot;.
<bibRefCitation author="Pronzato, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti di Biologia dell'Universita di Genova" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="553 - 563" title="The taxonomic status of Ircinia fasciculata, Ircinia felix, and Ircinia variabilis (Dictyoceratida, Irciniidae)." volume="68" volumeTitle=", Sponge Science in the New Millennium." year="2004">Pronzato et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
focused the problematic status of the taxon but did not describe the species. Here a new combination for
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus fasciculatus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">Sarcotragus fasciculatus</taxonomicName>
is proposed.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus fasciculatus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">Sarcotragus fasciculatus</taxonomicName>
is clearly different from the other species ascribed in the genus, also when compared with extra-Mediterranean species (
<bibRefCitation author="Pronzato, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti di Biologia dell'Universita di Genova" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="553 - 563" title="The taxonomic status of Ircinia fasciculata, Ircinia felix, and Ircinia variabilis (Dictyoceratida, Irciniidae)." volume="68" volumeTitle=", Sponge Science in the New Millennium." year="2004">Pronzato et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
) because all its fibres are free of inclusions and primary ones are formed by &quot;fascicules of secondaries&quot;.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Figure 20
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Sarcotragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcotragus fasciculatus" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">Sarcotragus fasciculatus</taxonomicName>
. a living specimen (ca. 7 cm) b type specimen 15499 of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schmidt’s">Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
collection preserved in the Landes Museum Joanneum of Graz c skeletal network without inclusions in primary fibres (detail of b). b, c modified from
<bibRefCitation author="Pronzato, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti di Biologia dell'Universita di Genova" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="553 - 563" title="The taxonomic status of Ircinia fasciculata, Ircinia felix, and Ircinia variabilis (Dictyoceratida, Irciniidae)." volume="68" volumeTitle=", Sponge Science in the New Millennium." year="2004">Pronzato et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>