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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="33147" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.671.11275" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f77282cd-0d9f-466e-be4d-d23758546147" ID-PMC="PMC5523211" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-671-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AD0EFFB65E70FF90FFEDFFF8FFB86034" ID-PubMed="28769662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="579487" ID-ZooBank="4A880A9C43834218A981728059941371" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-671-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 671" ModsDocTitle="The genus Scaptodrosophila Duda part I: the brunnea species group from the Oriental Region, with morphological and molecular evidence (Diptera, Drosophilidae)" checkinTime="1493291527623" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liu, Yi-Qin, Gao, Qing-Song &amp; Chen, Hong-Wei" docDate="2017" docId="DECA5DDE63C8B63837240D470D4543AA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 671: 87-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 671" docPubDate="2017-04-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.671.11275" docTitle="Scaptodrosophila nigricostata Liu &amp; Gao &amp; Chen 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="BFBB670B-256F-4F32-AD2A-8E5423C8EF7A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" id="AD0EFFB65E70FF90FFEDFFF8FFB86034" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="AD0EFFB65E70FF90FFEDFFF8FFB86034" masterDocTitle="The genus Scaptodrosophila Duda part I: the brunnea species group from the Oriental Region, with morphological and molecular evidence (Diptera, Drosophilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1705949934145" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="E2EC1CDE7E35E041524FDAA86B8CE12C">The genus Scaptodrosophila Duda part I: the brunnea species group from the Oriental Region, with morphological and molecular evidence (Diptera, Drosophilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="241CC20E160A401C360F272AD74FC4A6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6E3F3E865FFD7706BDD641DB773F131F">Liu, Yi-Qin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7B0D8DAB6E1D7B44FB04CA31DCA38C91">Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E11B8AEF503C99A85034E6AD5D20483D">Gao, Qing-Song</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6360E1C89020CF66CBCA27D1FF9784E6">Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AE6B1CE42BF8A5C2A2988713F636D92F">Chen, Hong-Wei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A90E9DB8CFADDAFDEB1B63A10255B42D">Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E58C0A8BFACAB3F0078D927F9609AF74" type="email">hongweic@scau.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<subSubSection id="66BA4089D592CEFA934EA5EC9C2D83C1" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="43D340D5D8932BF9CEB0E41337989064" pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="22C9D8205B1E2FEAB3AC0AEA77B5A3A7" ID-CoL="9HKB3" LSID="http://zoobank.org/BFBB670B-256F-4F32-AD2A-8E5423C8EF7A" authority="Liu &amp; Gao &amp; Chen, 2017" authorityName="Liu &amp; Gao &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Scaptodrosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scaptodrosophila nigricostata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricostata" status="sp. n.">Scaptodrosophila nigricostata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5277704F7C84AB87DEE7A363B394362B" pageId="8" pageNumber="95">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4F25E4B9AE7EC6D40DA09572BE14D702" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="7BAC26A850A443A5F5479095EEEADB19" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
<figureCitation id="C6E6F6D601D29CC07C1961AD231BEE1B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Head, mesonotum, scutellum, pleura and abdomen of male. A-D S. melanogaster sp. n. E-H S. nigricostata sp. n. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133596" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
<pageBreakToken id="7E666DFCFA4B6C354844444761808419" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" start="start">Figs</pageBreakToken>
5E-H
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F25D8B8CBEC08AA3BBB4CD05F328DADF" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Scaptodrosophila nigricostata sp. n. A, B epandrium, surstylus and cercus (lateral and posterior views) C, D hypandrium, parameres, gonopods, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme (ventral and lateral views) E oviscapt (lateral view). Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133605" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">, 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA10CAD2943F7680D7FD3A8BF94F200C" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="type material">
<paragraph id="EB94EAB0EAF5CC98AA7C4B9C2B8822F7" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
<pageBreakToken id="E02ABDF21893365F3B68F74AFE950F07" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D9D94E669A23E31B3560A4116574A539" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 128253): CHINA: Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, alt. 1400 m, 7.vi.2011, ex tussocks, HW Chen. Paratypes: CHINA: 1♂, 4♀ (SCAU, Nos 128248-51, 128374), HW Chen, JJ Gao, same data as holotype; 1♂ (SCAU, No. 128254), Wangtianshu, Mengla, Yunnan,
<geoCoordinate id="979D9CEAA13DA29221E6BB0F58026B25" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="21.783333">21°47'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E6E0B2E40B342665116EF5451861150B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="102.05">101°63'E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 580 m, 23.iv.2007, HW Chen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAABA5156EFBD7B525378549697FC820" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="51ABC98BD3FDC69AB455DB4383CC2625" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7497D5E1D834B1B5E0A26BBE92C3A27F" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="A89BAB1A99C1B464CFA156CBA63E644B" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. nigripecta" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripecta">
<emphasis id="353631C5C24FA3844E6E16E5D0188606" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">S. nigripecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. in the shape of the paramere and the pattern on the mesonotum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E886CE46C65C8423C0EEEAF5A33EF230" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Scaptodrosophila nigricostata sp. n. A, B epandrium, surstylus and cercus (lateral and posterior views) C, D hypandrium, parameres, gonopods, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme (ventral and lateral views) E oviscapt (lateral view). Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133605" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">13C, D</figureCitation>
), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the mesonotum mostly yellow (Fig.
<figureCitation id="72A4BB7C2071A5D650C6AE2B6AEC6ECE" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Head, mesonotum, scutellum, pleura and abdomen of male. A-D S. melanogaster sp. n. E-H S. nigricostata sp. n. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133596" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">5G</figureCitation>
), and the aedeagus slender and rod-like (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8E14C1B14D35ECA363E14992C4639187" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Scaptodrosophila nigricostata sp. n. A, B epandrium, surstylus and cercus (lateral and posterior views) C, D hypandrium, parameres, gonopods, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme (ventral and lateral views) E oviscapt (lateral view). Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133605" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">13C, D</figureCitation>
); see under that species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D783A1CD826F290387298761B845F526" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="520C06EE36FD7E3C8A17267053E68E5F" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0A988032B71B898B42A46BFD13D57D5" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
Male and female:
<emphasis id="B969DCAB1881B45C205E7C19F7A9F019" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Head</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="85178ED7134D613AF9C16978DE8D8292" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Head, mesonotum, scutellum, pleura and abdomen of male. A-D S. melanogaster sp. n. E-H S. nigricostata sp. n. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133596" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">5E</figureCitation>
): frons yellowish brown with a brown band anteriorly. Pedicel yellowish brown; first flagellomere yellowish brown. Facial carina yellowish brown, short and broad, as 1/3 length as face.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B180B3BB64179591EAA091F06A6B1EFD" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="604FED128AD01034AE480A9EE182662B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Thorax</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="601E42BE225658231E751439194D221C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Head, mesonotum, scutellum, pleura and abdomen of male. A-D S. melanogaster sp. n. E-H S. nigricostata sp. n. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133596" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">5F, G</figureCitation>
): mesonotum with three dark brown longitudinal stripes medially and sublaterally. Acrostichal setulae in ca. 8-10 irregular rows. Scutellum yellowish brown, dark brown near basal scutellar setae, pale at tip. Pleura brown to dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BDAE1C637BE85A2B9ACC780C03F26CC" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7148F1218214C22A896E9AF817A359E3" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="04F9672C632CD1025A9CFF16C7CA2199" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Head, mesonotum, scutellum, pleura and abdomen of male. A-D S. melanogaster sp. n. E-H S. nigricostata sp. n. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133596" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">5H</figureCitation>
): all tergites yellowish brown with dark brown caudal bands, the caudal bands on tergites II and III narrowed medially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="093599E12B8CDB30F58BB0A9AC259E9C" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="35D0A3AD8412C6D704DE634B6F0C9F8F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Male terminalia</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="09D9CFBA4E2AD6181D479351A81BE4A8" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Scaptodrosophila nigricostata sp. n. A, B epandrium, surstylus and cercus (lateral and posterior views) C, D hypandrium, parameres, gonopods, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme (ventral and lateral views) E oviscapt (lateral view). Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133605" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">13A-D</figureCitation>
): epandrium with ca. 15 setae near posterior and ventral margins per side. Surstylus with seven peg-like prensisetae. Hypandrium with a pair of paramedian setae and pubescence medially. Paramere with seven sensilla medially and pubescence distally. Aedeagus lacking pubescence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC9E1CD09D49D5A50E5F0EA6AD18D5AD" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="1ED95B02C040AE0235ABB8409EA84D08" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Female terminalia</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="3D219EEDA99397AB0E8AEFD17444A70A" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Scaptodrosophila nigricostata sp. n. A, B epandrium, surstylus and cercus (lateral and posterior views) C, D hypandrium, parameres, gonopods, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme (ventral and lateral views) E oviscapt (lateral view). Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.671.11275.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133605" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">13E</figureCitation>
): oviscapt with one subapical trichoid ovisensillum, 16, 11 and 5 peg-like ovisensilla per side on ventral, dorsal and apical margins, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="414F502EE53ED9A14FCBE460B8999C54" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="A8B6C9595CB76CBF3F4E5B134549C043" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Measurements</emphasis>
[holotype (paratypes range in 2♂, 4♀), in mm]: BL = 3.38 (2.86-3.33, 2.86-3.29), ThL = 1.60 (1.47-1.64, 1.33-1.56), WL = 3.33 (3.20-3.29, 2.67-3.33), WW = 1.29 (1.20-1.24, 1.07-1.33).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="498D8E2ED883675C855ABC7578B083C7" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="EBA6875369802BA02BEB37C30FBA0513" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Indices</emphasis>
: arb = 4/3 (4/3), avd = 1.00 (0.88-1.43), adf = 2.67 (3.20-4.00), flw = 1.67 (1.83-3.00), FW/HW = 0.42 (0.41-0.47), ch/o = 0.13 (0.05-0.13), prorb = damaged (0.46-0.64), rcorb = damaged (0.27-0.36), vb = 1.00 (0.50-1.00), dcl = 0.77 (0.55-0.69), presctl = 0.44 (0.28-0.43), sctl = damaged (0.88-1.18), sterno = 0.73 (0.56-0.92), orbito = 0.56 (0.44-0.56), dcp = 0.47 (0.40-0.50), sctlp = 0.94 (0.86-
<pageBreakToken id="06CD1A34D4E5A021BCA4CCAF3FE4ED8E" pageId="10" pageNumber="97" start="start">1.00</pageBreakToken>
), C = 2.11 (2.20-2.59), 4c = 1.23 (0.90-1.18), 4v = 2.15 (2.11-2.29), 5x = 1.80 (1.67-2.20), ac = 2.37 (2.43-2.57), M = 0.68 (0.50-0.65), C3F = 0.96 (0.89-0.96).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A41E3B5EBF466BF81E3617D33C431B9C" pageId="10" pageNumber="97" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CBD53DE79D8090691644EEE2B26CB206" pageId="10" pageNumber="97">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="217DDC74B4D1496A461A72AD49925B61" pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
A combination of the Latin words: &quot;
<emphasis id="E84D388391D1A0592A378C86AAC7F033" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="97">niger</emphasis>
&quot; + &quot;
<emphasis id="75FC5070A27F188E7A8B50F5CADD0389" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="97">costa</emphasis>
&quot;, referring to the black pleura.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="590BD24255C5356DF750F6DCB19680C9" pageId="10" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C4589739BEAEA59A09CC67542C114681" pageId="10" pageNumber="97">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6FDF86E6BD94A31F957810F9C1743E3F" pageId="10" pageNumber="97">China (Yunnan).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>334</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>92</mods:end>
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<taxonomicName authority="Ferris" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phenacoccus solani" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">Phenacoccus solani Ferris</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phenacoccus solani" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">Phenacoccus solani</taxonomicName>
Ferris, 1918: 60.
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Iran localities.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Esfahan, Fars.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName genus="Amaranthaceae" lsidName="Amaranthaceae" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="genus">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
:
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;
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chrysanthemum morifolium" order="Asterales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morifolium">Chrysanthemum morifolium</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca arundinacea" order="Poales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinacea">Festuca arundinacea</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="references">
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<bibRefCitation author="Ben-Dov, Y" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Entomology" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" title="ScaleNet." url="http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalenet/scalenet.htm" year="2013">Ben-Dov et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Moghaddam, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology Society of Iran" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 11" title="The mealybugs of southern Iran (Hem.: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)." volume="26" year="2006">Moghaddam (2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Moghaddam, M" journalOrPublisher="Plant Pests &amp; Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Departmen" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 45" title="Insects of Iran: The List of Coccoidea in the Hayk Mirzayans insect Museum of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (2). Hemiptera: Coccoidea." volume="16" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Moghaddam, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomological Society of Iran" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="65 - 98" title="Scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) fauna of the southern coast of Caspian Sea (Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan Provinces, Iran)." volume="29" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Moghaddam, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 107" title="A review of the mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae and Rhizoecidae) of Iran, with descriptions of four new species and three new records for the Iranian fauna." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3632.1.1" volume="3632" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation author="Moghaddam, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="11 - 17" title="Two new species of mealybugs (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae) from Iran." volume="42" year="2010">Moghaddam and Alikhani (2010)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Moghaddam, M" journalOrPublisher="Plant Pests &amp; Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Dept." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" title="The list of Coccoidea in the Insect Museum of Hayk Mirzayans in Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute (1)." volume="11" year="2004">Moghaddam et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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65
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1909b: 233.
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<paragraph id="D442CE5E45344B0B7AA390C6E20B29B9" pageNumber="278">Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.</paragraph>
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Diagnosis A member of the
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group, easily distinguished as follows.
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<paragraph id="5A970CB149782541443525622449573E" pageNumber="278">Major: antennal scape exceeding occipital corner by about its own maximum width; vertex and genae carinulate, and sides of dorsum of head from level of ventral eye margin to occiput rugoreticulate; head quadrate; antennal scapes expanded near base; petiolar peduncle in side view very thick, its dorsal profile forming a straight line with the node all the way to the apex; parts of pronotal dorsum and mid-clypeus irregularly rugulose; entire head, mesosoma, and waist foveolate and opaque; postpetiole from above diamond-shaped and carinulate. Minor: unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00EA59582254B491C01390FF7FC9DD16" pageNumber="278">Measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.30, HL 1.26, SL 1.04, EL 0.24, PW 0.70. Color Major: concolorous light reddish brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4269337E9B1B5030A49B86520C7091A8" pageNumber="278">Biology Unknown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87F2BCBFC9BC4844FD80DC15D7A19384" pageNumber="278">figure Lectotype, major. MEXICO: Jalapa, Veracruz (f. Silvestri). (Minor unknown.) Scale bar = 1 mm.</paragraph>
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168
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Gray 1831
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.
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<emphasis id="2F0E8713D78C8B1587369D1A0F3DA8E3" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Brachyrhizomys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4F08562BEBE67D721DB9E6E2699D502E" author="Teilhard de Chardin, P." refId="ref350041" refString="Teilhard de Chardin, P. 1942. New rodents of the Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene of North China. Institut de Geo-Biologie de Pekin, 9: 101 pp." year="1942">Teilhard de Chardin 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="8FD26B59E29307CEB6F1DE3332AF7842" authority="Temminck 1832" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nyctocleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="913" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2177DBC46EB924C1B39992C1D834076D" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Nyctocleptes</emphasis>
Temminck 1832
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7E1BA5F96EEC1A3A4A7A44770B0DBBFA" pageNumber="913" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="19D87467624B4E7FCF6C6F86E147C524" pageNumber="913">
<emphasis id="961CFA646F9BFCE5807A377D249D69E6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="913">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
3 species:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9AA7D8A6FB847ED38CE4F3DB74972B6E" pageNumber="913">
Species
<taxonomicName id="999579DF7BF4BEE55EEE6F5BCA8C3448" authority="Blyth 1851" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1851" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Rhizomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="913" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="2B5D5D48CC20A5FDE22106716FD76A49" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Rhizomys pruinosus</emphasis>
Blyth 1851
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="073D81C14EC971D30EA02A9034803B0C" pageNumber="913">
Species
<taxonomicName id="3A7C376A7DADC5ED1AC852C81B7FAA05" authority="Gray 1831" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Rhizomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="913" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="5DE470849F10DD9DF4ECF10A12263B60" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Rhizomys sinensis</emphasis>
Gray 1831
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F3CB6D3899FB113188E75F48B7FC496" pageNumber="913">
Species
<taxonomicName id="ACD2CECEED0B52FEF19A9CC77F136B23" authority="(Raffles 1821)" baseAuthorityName="Raffles" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Rhizomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="913" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">
<emphasis id="6C3EBE19E283B8984B810ACF2EE3EECA" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Rhizomys sumatrensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF7E1E9CB0AD5C1E4FF4C4F2A585148E" author="Raffles, T. S." refId="ref295881" refString="Raffles, T. S. 1821. Descriptive catalogue of a zoological collection, made on account of the honorable East Indian Company, in the island of Sumatra and its vicinity, under the direction of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Fort Marlborough, with additional notices illurstrative of the natural history. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 13: 239 - 274." year="1821">Raffles 1821</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D892435A1D7FEE08A4D8ADDE99ADB84D" pageNumber="913" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58FF4ABEC2E4B3B92B59DB93E8126643" pageNumber="913">
<emphasis id="63D62845C0995BF7E4AB4D896BE55613" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="913">Discussion:</emphasis>
Anatomy of gastrointestinal tract and comparisons with other muroids provided by Vorontsov (1979); cranium and dentition figured by
<bibRefCitation id="C59387CC1D3AA42D85180EE6B53C103B" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref92817" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1940. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. 1. Rodents other than Muridae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 689 pp." year="1940">Ellerman (1940)</bibRefCitation>
. Evolutionary history extends back to the very late Miocene (5.7 million years ago) in
<collectingCountry id="9B491A983B59A8052A6F20E88AF8A4BB" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="73868AFEFE613D2AA82F15543F6EDE8F" author="Flynn, L. J." refId="ref105469" refString="Flynn, L. J. 1993. A new bamboo rat from the late Miocene of Yushe Basin. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 31 (2): 95 - 101 (in Chinese and English)." year="1993">Flynn, 1993</bibRefCitation>
). The extinct Chinese
<emphasis id="4E5B05206F62D08B3A8B5CE275F58950" italics="true" pageNumber="913">shansius</emphasis>
, the genotype of
<taxonomicName id="F2C446FBD4CAB610923D4289055371B3" authorityName="Teilhard de Chardin" authorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Brachyrhizomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3A9438E2DE0DD65711A53E5FF21A2626" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Brachyrhizomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is regarded as a species of
<taxonomicName id="1A3D3A45A2F0750577570734035EBFB6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Rhizomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D6AA8B81E56E3F98DC478B02AAAA8A5D" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Rhizomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="F86BCBF264B372E8748D4B4E8213B533" authorityName="Teilhard de Chardin" authorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Brachyrhizomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0576956163FE7EFF679A32F05E6D0CD2" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Brachyrhizomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conserved as a subgenus (
<bibRefCitation id="F97298FE2E2B11C31B24EADDB79368A1" author="Flynn, L. J." refId="ref105408" refString="Flynn, L. J. 1990. The natural history of rhizomyid rodents. Pp. 155 - 183, in Evolution of subterranean mammals at the organismal and molecular levels (E. Nevo and O. A. Reig, eds.). Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 422 pp." year="1990">Flynn, 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 1993). Other extinct
<collectingCountry id="0C2ABA3452197FA16AA8B4436FB94A0A" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
and Indian species formally allocated to
<taxonomicName id="77D5BCCEA0818F06EBB0B3BD8DFD6F3D" authorityName="Teilhard de Chardin" authorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Brachyrhizomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28042DC03A3C5B2C865427BD722D6A78" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Brachyrhizomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F40421060AD14A649456B91D8002FF8D" author="Flynn, L. J." refId="ref105313" refString="Flynn, L. J. 1982 a. Systematic revision of Siwalik Rhizomyidae (Rodentia). Geobios, 15 (3): 327 - 389." year="1982">
Flynn, 1982
<emphasis id="2822BB44E33D37376817E24E2D87A543" italics="true" pageNumber="913">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="944B4580CF0C823F60EE67EF20ACCC98" italics="true" pageNumber="913">b</emphasis>
) are rhizomyines, not tachyoryctines, that are morphologically more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="EC2D136467D1FFCD99320607FBED8A12" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Rhizomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="158459A8F6A9654D209D995B8718C016" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Rhizomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName id="F034576D15F1CFC71DB6BE5941E0F152" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Cannomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47F42FD17BE7B3E7DDAC65CA39817ECD" italics="true" pageNumber="913">Cannomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and lack a generic name (
<bibRefCitation id="32D36A64DCEFC7BD2B30CA84859EDF37" author="Flynn, L. J." refId="ref105408" refString="Flynn, L. J. 1990. The natural history of rhizomyid rodents. Pp. 155 - 183, in Evolution of subterranean mammals at the organismal and molecular levels (E. Nevo and O. A. Reig, eds.). Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 422 pp." year="1990">Flynn, 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

118
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<taxonomicName LSID="DECACCAB-B4C6-CBD8-230D-6B8CD7281052" authority="Dejean, 1829" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Anisodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisodactylus nigrita" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">Anisodactylus nigrita Dejean, 1829</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="645" pageNumber="646" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="645" pageNumber="646">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Anisodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">Anisodactylus nigrita</taxonomicName>
Dejean, 1829: 149. Type locality:
<normalizedToken originalValue="«Amérique">&quot;Amerique</normalizedToken>
septentrionale&quot; (original citation), restricted to &quot;Forest Hills [Suffolk County], Mass[achusetts]&quot; by Lindroth (1968: 852). Lectotype (♂), designated by Noonan (1996: 53), in MHNP.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="645" pageNumber="646">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interpunctatus">Harpalus interpunctatus</taxonomicName>
Kirby, 1837: 42. Type locality: &quot;Lat. 54° [= along North Saskatchewan River]&quot; (original citation). Lectotype (♂), designated by Noonan (1996: 53), in BMNH. Synonymy established by Lindroth (1953b: 174).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="645" pageNumber="646">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Anisodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecontei">Anisodactylus lecontei</taxonomicName>
Chaudoir, 1868b: 161 [primary homonym of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Anisodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecontei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">Anisodactylus lecontei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gemminger and Harold, 1868]. Type locality: &quot;provinciis mediis&quot; (original citation for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Anisodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">Anisodactylus nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dejean
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">sensu</emphasis>
LeConte, 1847). Two syntypes in MCZ.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">New synonymy</emphasis>
. Note. This name was proposed for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Anisodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">Anisodactylus nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dejean, 1829
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">sensu</emphasis>
LeConte (1847: 379).
<normalizedToken originalValue="LeConte’s">LeConte's</normalizedToken>
collection contains four specimens under the name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Anisodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">Anisodactylus nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They are labeled as follow: 1. (♂) &quot;[white disc above, yellow under] / = type de nigrita Dej [handwritten] / A. nigrita Dej. [handwritten];&quot; 2. (♀) &quot;[pink under] / nigrita 2 [handwritten];&quot; 3. (♀) &quot;[white disc above, yellow under] / nigrita 3 [handwritten];&quot; 4. (♀) &quot;[pink under] / 260. [handwritten] / var. interpunctatus (? Kirby) Lec. [handwritten] / nigrita 4 [handwritten].&quot; The two specimens with pink discs (= middle states) are probably syntypes. Lindroth (1968: 853) listed this name with doubt as a synonym of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lindroth" authorityYear="1953" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Anisodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">Anisodactylus kirbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lindroth. However, all four specimens in
<normalizedToken originalValue="LeConte’s">LeConte's</normalizedToken>
collection are conspecific with members of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Anisodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">Anisodactylus nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dejean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="646" lastPageNumber="647" pageId="645" pageNumber="646" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="645" pageNumber="646">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="646" lastPageNumber="647" pageId="645" pageNumber="646">
This species ranges from Nova Scotia to southern British Columbia, south to southern Washington, Colorado along the Rocky Mountains, Nebraska, and eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina along the Appalachian Mountains [see
<pageBreakToken pageId="646" pageNumber="647" start="start">Noonan</pageBreakToken>
1996: Fig. 239]. A few specimens simply labeled from California, Kansas, and Mississippi are known. The record from southwestern Alabama (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Löding">Loeding</normalizedToken>
1945: 25) is probably in error.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="646" pageNumber="647" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="646" pageNumber="647">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="646" pageNumber="647">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="646" pageNumber="647">CAN</emphasis>
: AB, BC, MB, NB, NS, ON, PE, QC, SK
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="646" pageNumber="647">USA</emphasis>
: CO, CT, DC, IA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, SD, TN, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV [CA, KS, MS]
</paragraph>
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