From 284ba3d5a379ccaebb731b7829ea19703c4aab0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2024 23:14:55 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-08-22 23:08:51 --- .../BB/03D6BB6A52796661FF47FA2E15D9F9E7.xml | 591 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 591 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/03/D6/BB/03D6BB6A52796661FF47FA2E15D9F9E7.xml diff --git a/data/03/D6/BB/03D6BB6A52796661FF47FA2E15D9F9E7.xml b/data/03/D6/BB/03D6BB6A52796661FF47FA2E15D9F9E7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e735c240f20 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/BB/03D6BB6A52796661FF47FA2E15D9F9E7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,591 @@ + + + +Psychotria pendens (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae), a new ultramafic species from Central Palawan, Philippines + + + +Author + +Bautista, Mary Ann C. +0000-0002-5614-7170 +Center for Conservation Innovations Ph, Inc., Alabang, Muntinlupa City 1770, Philippines +m.bautista@conservation-innovations.org + + + +Author + +Chua-Mangussad, Vernaluz +0000-0002-6858-5362 +Biophysical Sciences Department, College of Sciences, Palawan State University, Tiniguiban Heights, Puerto Princesa, Palawan 5300, Philippines +vmangussad@psu.palawan.edu.ph + + + +Author + +Cervancia, Jehson +0000-0002-2680-5427 +Philippine Taxonomic Initiative, Inc., Angeles City, Pampanga, 2900 Philippines +cjehson@yahoo.com + + + +Author + +Bustamante, Rene Alfred Anton +0000-0002-2492-211X +Philippine Taxonomic Initiative, Inc., Angeles City, Pampanga, 2900 Philippines +rbustamante@phtaxa.org + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-05-21 + + +649 + + +3 + + +252 +260 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.649.3.2 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.649.3.2 +1179-3163 +13216087 + + + + + + +Psychotria pendens +M. Bautista & R. Bustam. + +, + +sp. nov +. + +( +Figures 1–2 +) + + + + + +Type:— + +PHILIPPINES +, +Palawan +, +Malinao +, +Mount Victoria +, ca. + +500 m + +, + +January 2022 + +, + +MVIC26 + +, ( +holotype +: + + +PNH +; +isotypes +: +PPC +, +USTH +) + +. + + + + +Description:— + +Psychotria pendens + +closely resembles + +Psychotria rubiginosa +Elmer (1906: 25) ex Merr. (1906: 135) + +by having monochotomous inflorescence and oblanceolate to oblong-elliptic leaves, but differs in the large, leaf-like, valvate stipules with attenuate to acuminate cleft lobes (vs. small, valvate stipules with aristate cleft lobes), slightly corrugated leaves with the glabrous abaxial surface (vs. flat leaves with pubescent to puberulous abaxial surface), pendent inflorescence (vs. erect inflorescence), narrowly triangular bracts (vs. ovate triangular bracts), glabrous calyx (vs. pubescent calyx) ( +Table 1 +). + + +Evergreen shrub or small tree, +1–4 m +high; young stem puberulous, mature parts glabrous. Stipules valvate, semi-persistent, conspicuous, almost leaf-like, broadly lanceolate to elliptic, +2–3 cm +long, apex distinctly cleft (bilobed), cleft lobes margin densely pubescent, attenuate to acuminate tip. Leaves simple, opposite; petioles +1–2 cm +long, glabrescent or puberulous to pubescent; leaf blades oblanceolate to oblong-elliptic, +12–25 cm +long, + +4.5 +– +7 cm + +wide, acuminate at apex, attenuate to acute at base, subcoriaceous, slightly corrugated (raised beneath, impressed above); adaxial side dark green, abaxial side light green; midrib slightly raised adaxially and prominent abaxially, secondary veins 12–16 on each side, distinctly united submarginally, tertiary venation manifest, glabrous. Inflorescence monochotomous, pendent, +10–18 cm +long, pubescent to densely pubescent, indumentum drying reddish-brown; principal axis/peduncle +5–8 cm +long with 4–5 primary nodes, verticillate branching at each node, branches terminating in cymules; bracts narrowly triangular, +3–4 mm +long, pubescent; bracteoles ovate-triangular, ca. +1.5 mm +long, pubescent. Flowers 5- merous; pedicels +1.5–2 mm +long; calyx including hypanthium +2.5–3 mm +, external surface glabrous, calyx lobes orbicular to broadly ovate; corolla white, corolla tube +3.5–4 mm +long, glabrous, villous at throat within, corolla lobes ca. +2–2.5 mm +; stamens ca. +3.5–4mm +long, filaments ca. +2–2.5 mm +, anthers ca. +1.5 mm +, style ca. +3 mm +; ovary ca. +2 mm +. Fruits globoid or ellipsoid, +5–7 mm +, ribbed or ridged upon drying, orange upon maturity, glabrous; pedicels +1–2 mm +long; calyx limb and lobes persistent; pyrenes 2, elliptic-obovate, ribbed/ridged, endosperm ruminate. + + + +TABLE 1. +Morphological comparisons between + +Psychotria pendens + +and + +P. rubiginosa + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +Psyhotria +pendens + + + +Psychotria rubiginosa + +
+Stem +puberulous to glabrouspubescent to puberulous
+Stipule +
typevalvate, semi-persistentvalvate, caducous to semi-persistent
appearanceconspicuous due to its leaf-like appearancedistinct due to the ‘shoulder’-like bumps at the base
size2–3 cm long0.7–1.2 cm long
apexapex distinctly cleft (bilobed), lobes attenuate to acuminateapex partially to distinctly cleft, lobes almost aristate
indumentumpubescent, particularly in the cleft lobes marginusually pubescent all throughout the stipule
+Leaf +
petiole1–2 cm long1.5–4 cm long
size12–25 cm long, 4.5–7 cm wide19–33 cm long, 4.1–11.6 cm wide
appearanceslightly corrugated (raised beneath, impressed above)flat
indumentumglabrousrufous pubescent to puberulous below (hairs with bulbous bases)
+Inflorescence and Infructescence +
pattern and lengthmonochotomous, pendent, 10–18 cm longmonochotomous, erect, 13–28 cm long
bractsnarrowly triangular, 3–4 mm longovate triangular, 2–2.5 mm long
calyx sizecalyx including hypanthium 2.5–3 mmcalyx including hypanthium 1.9–2.3 mm long
calyx indumentumexternal surface glabrousexternal surface pubescent to puberulous
calyx lobesorbicular to broadly ovatebroadly ovate or obscure
corolla tube3.5–4 mm long2–3 mm long
corolla lobes2–2.5 mm longca. 1.5 mm long
fruitgloboid or ellipsoidglobose-turbinate or obovoid
+ + + +FIGURE 1 +. + +Psychotria pendens +M. Bautista & R. Bustamante.A. Habit + +; B. Adaxial leaf surface; C. Abaxial leaf surface; D. Inflorescence; E. Flower (side view); F. Fruit (side view); G. Fruit (cross-section) H. Stipule. Illustrated by Julieferd C. Torres. + + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Psychotria pendens +M. Bautista & R. Bustamante.A. Habit + +; B. Adaxial leaf surface; C. Abaxial leaf surface; D. Inflorescence; E. Flower (side view); F. Fruit (side view); G. Fruit (cross-section) H. Stipule. Photographs were taken by R. Bustamante (A), A. Langbao (B–C), M. Bautista (D–F, H), and D. Salas (G). + + + +Phenology:— +The species was observed flowering during the months of January, February, and July, fruiting during the month of July. + + +Habitat and Ecology:— +It grows with other + +Psychotria +species + +in the moist and shady areas of lowland to midelevation forest ( +400–600 m +) in Mt. Victoria. + + + + +Distribution:— + +Psychotria pendens + +is currently known from the +type +locality in Mt. Victoria, +Palawan +, +Philippines +( +Figure 3 +). + + + + +FIGURE 3. +Type locality of + +Psychotria pendens + +in Mt. Victoria, Palawan. Dot map prepared by J.L. Bibar. + + + + +Etymology:— +The specific epithet + +‘ +pendens + +’ was derived from Latin, meaning ‘to hang’ in reference to the long, pendent inflorescence. + + +Proposed IUCN status:— +Following the IUCN Red List categories and criteria ver. 16 (2024), we herein propose this species to be classified as Critically Endangered CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) as the extent of occurrence (EOO) is approximately less than +100 km +2 +and the area of occupancy (AOO) is less than +10 km +2 +. + +P. pendens + +has a restricted distribution and a relatively small number of mature individuals (less than 10 mature individuals observed in the +type +locality). + + +Notes:— +The new species is quite distinct by having large semi-persistent stipules and pendent inflorescence. These characters are in contrast with other known species of + +Psychotria + +in the +Philippines +as most species have caducous stipules and erect inflorescence. + + +Molecular analysis +:—To check the possible phylogenetic placement of + +Psychotria pendens + +within +Psychotrieae +, we sequenced the highly divergent DNA regions ( +rbc +L, +rps +16, +trn +L-F, nrITS). The resulting tree does not provide robust taxonomic support due to limited taxonomic sampling but based on molecular analysis, it can be inferred that the new species + +Psychotria pendens + +and the widespread Philippine species + +Psychotria luzoniensis +(Cham. & Schltdl.) Fern + +—Vill. (1880: 112) are closely related to Hawaiian + +Psychotria + +and they belong to the same clade as + +Amaracarpus +Blume (1826: 954) + +, + +Calycosia +A.Gray (1860: 47) + +, and other Pacific (New +Guinea +, +Fiji +) species of + +Psychotria + +( +Figure 4 +). Piesschaert's (2001) pyrene data is consistent with this topology, as most species he investigated in +Indonesia +, the +Philippines +, New +Guinea +, and +Fiji +have distinct marginal pre-germination slits (PGSs) and an abaxial surface with few or incomplete ridges. These characters suggest inclusion in the Pacific clade ( +Andersson 2002 +). The topology is also parallel to the Pacific clade presented in the broader molecular analysis of + +Razafimandimbison +et al. +(2014) + +, which formally transferred all allied genera (including + +Amaracarpus + +and + +Calycosia + +) to + +Psychotria + +. + + + +FIGURE 4. +Maximum-likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic placement of + +Psychotria pendens + +within +Rubiaceae +. Numbers on each node represent the bootstrap support values. + + + + +Psychotria pendens + +and + +P. luzoniensis + +have higher affinities to the Hawaiian species, + +P. mariniana +(Cham. & Schltdl.) Fosberg (1962: 43) + +, compared to other species included in the analysis. +Andersson (2002) +emphasized that several species from the +Philippines +, Borneo, +Fiji +, +Solomon Islands +, and New +Guinea +could be related to Hawaiian + +Psychotria + +due to their similar carpological features presented in Piesschaert's (2001) dissertation report. They all possessed long marginal PGSs with ventrally ruminate endosperm. However, the current taxonomic samples and amount of sequence data do not provide sufficient information to define taxonomic relationships. The sister-group relationship between Philippine + +Psychotria + +and Hawaiian + +Psychotria + +remains unclear. Additional sequences from Southeast Asia and the Pacific region might give a better representation of the specific relationships among the Pacific clade, including the Hawaiian and Philippine species. + + +On the other clade, only + +Psychotria manillensis +Bartl. ex DC. (1830: 522) + +and + +P. cephalophora +Merr. (1908: 438) + +have grouped with the Tropical Afro-Asian + +Psychotria + +clade. Morphologically, these two closely resemble the +type +species + +P. asiatica +Linnaeus (1759: 929) + +. Like + +P. asiatica + +, these species exhibit the ‘classic’ + +Psychotria + +characters such as caducous stipules, ethanol-soluble seed coat pigment, and reddish-brown leaf color upon drying. + + + + \ No newline at end of file