diff --git a/data/03/CC/87/03CC879FF9789D7CFF6322838FD6AFF7.xml b/data/03/CC/87/03CC879FF9789D7CFF6322838FD6AFF7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..92601226361 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CC/87/03CC879FF9789D7CFF6322838FD6AFF7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1050 @@ + + + +First revision of the apodid holothurian genus Patinapta Heding, 1928 (Synaptidae) in Japanese waters, with establishment of four new species from Kyushu Island and Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan + + + +Author + +Yamana, Yusuke +Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History (WMNH), Invertebrate Specimen House, Funo 370 - 1, Kainan, Wakayama 642 - 0001, Japan + + + +Author + +Hirashima, Kentarou +Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History (WMNH), 1 Room Curators Head Office, Funo 370 - 1, Kainan, Wakayama 642 - 0001, Japan + + + +Author + +Sato, Masanori +Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890 - 0065, Japan & Present address: 5233 Hiramatsu, Aira, Kagoshima 899 - 5652, Japan + + + +Author + +Yamamori, Luna +Seto Marine biological laboratory (SMBL) of Kyoto University, 459, Shirahama, Wakayama 649 - 2211, Japan + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-01-13 + + +5569 + + +1 + + +1 +54 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.1 +1175-5326 +14703528 +96194340-054D-49C0-BD89-D47899BCAF14 + + + + + +Patinapta edentatus +sp. nov. + + + + +[New Japanese name: Hanashi-himo-ikari-namako] + + + +( +Figs 21–23 +, +Tables 1 +; +13 +; +14 +) + + + + + +Three specimens +from +Kabira Bay +, +Ishigaki-jima Island +(WMNH-2021-INV-972, 973, 974) were identified as new to science + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Outer edge of anchor plate ossicles and inner edge of their perforations lacking teeth anywhere, with large seven perforations arranged in symmetrical order in the distal part, while minute perforations sporadically scattered in basal part. Tentacles possess small numbers of simple rod ossicles and large numbers of simple elongated C-shaped granule ossicles. Mostly elongated C-shaped granules equipped in longitudinal muscles, rarely with Oshaped granules among them. Ciliated funnels attached to inner side body wall along midline of right dorso-lateral interradius ( +IR4 +). + + + + +FIGURE 21. +External view of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as + +Patinapta edentatus + + +sp. nov. + +, in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal top; A’, living specimen from the same lot (from collector Dr. Taeko Kimura), with co-existing bivalves + +Anisodevonia ohshimai + +infesting body surface; B, oral-side view of the tentacles; C, outer-side view of the tentacles. + + + + +Type series. +Holotype +, WMNH-2021-INV-973; +two paratypes +, WMNH-2021-INV-972, 974. + + + + + +Description of +holotype +(WMNH-2021-INV-973: middle-size complete specimen). + +External and internal morphologies as follows ( +Table 1 +): Specimen preserved for20 years; pale misty-rose ( +Fig. 21A +), based on information from the collector color was transparent rose in living state ( +Fig. 21 +A’). Tentacles 12, each with 9 digits, including four pairs of smaller digits equipped along lateral-stem of tentacle and large one digit equipped on distal end of tentacle. On the oral side of tentacle stem, about 10–20 sensory cups sporadically arranged in a U-shape. + + +Polian vesicle single, fusiform with thread-like tip, +4.12 mm +( +Table 1 +). Ciliated funnels occur sporadically in one row along right dorso-lateral interradius ( +IR4 +). Stone canal undetected, lacking or too small to detect. + +Inside body, two tufts of gonad tubules attached to both sides of anterior dorsal mesentery, none of the whitish tubule organs adhered to intestine canal. Intestine canal lacking loop. +Body wall coarse surface, rigid and thin, densely packed with ossicles arranging latitudinal layout of all as sets of anchor and plate. Both sides along five longitudinal muscles with distal ends of anchor ossicles facing towards interradial area, however ossicles on radial body walls upon longitudinal muscles and interradial body walls have distal ends randomly facing either direction. + + + +Etymology. +The species name + +edentatus + +alluding their teeth-less anchor plate ossicle. + + + +FIGURE 22. +SEM images of the ossicles extracted from a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as + +Patinapta edentatus + + +sp. nov. + +, in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, ossicles from tentacle; B, ossicles from mid-dorsal body wall; C, ossicles from mid-dorsal longitudinal muscle; D, ossicles from mid-ventral body wall; E, ossicles from mid-ventral longitudinal muscle. + + + +The present results of ossicle morphologies + + + +TABLE 13. +Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of + +Patinapta edentatus + +sp. nov. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Body parts(Ossicle-type)2021-INV-9722021-INV-9732021-INV-974
Tentacle +Rods / Granules ( +n +) +3 / 62 / 130 / 11
Length(Range)34.8±6.6(27–49)34.1±10.4(23–63)36.4 ± 7.3(22–46)
Breadth(Range)7.0±1.5(5–9)10.5±2.5(5–14)13.4 ± 2.5(9–17)
+RP +a (%) +(Range)20.7±5.9(12.8–33.3)33.9±12.2(9.5–53.8)37.8 ± 8.9(26.1–55.2)
+RC +b +(Range)7.1±2.2(4.1–11.1)6.5±1.4(4.8–8.7)5.7 ± 1.4(4.3–9.1)
Ventral side
L-Muscle +Granules ( +n +) +91311
Length(Range)35.3±4.2(27–41)66.6 ± 17.9(47–106)31.9 ± 4.9(24–39)
Width(Range)16.0 ± 2.1(14–20)28.1 ± 2.7(23–32)14.4 ± 3.9(7–23)
+GP +c +(Range)46.3 ± 11.6(35.0–74.1)44.2 ± 9.7(29.2–62.5)44.9 ± 10.3(29.2–62.2)
+GCO +d (%) +(Ratio)0(O0: C9)0(O0: C13)0(O0: C11)
Body wall +Anchor plates ( +n +) +1094
Length(Range)113.8 ± 6.0(104–121)99.1 ± 1.7(97–103)105.0 ± 4.9(99–111)
Width(Range)67.5 ± 4.9(60–75)68.3 ± 2.6(65–72)71.5 ± 2.6(69–75)
+APS +e +(Range)0.4 ± 0.3(0–0.7)0.5 ± 0.3(0–0.7)0.2 ± 0.3(0–0.7)
+Ntp +f +(Range)0-0-0-
+APT +g (%) +(Range)0-0-0-
Body wall +Anchor ( +n +) +1074
Length(Range)147.3 ± 6.4(138–159)151.3 ± 5.7(143–159)169.3 ± 1.5(168–171)
Width(Range)80.3 ± 5.5(72–89)71.0 ± 4.5(62–75)76.3 ± 1.5(75–78)
Teeth(Range)4.7 ± 1.1(3–6)5.1 ± 1.3(3–7)2.8 ± 1.0(2–4)
+ASW +h(%) +(Range)22.2 ± 2.4(19.3–27.8)23.8 ± 1.9(21.6–27.4)25.7 ± 0.8(24.7–26.7)
+AEW +i (%) +(Range)47.4 ± 3.9(40.2–51.9)53.1 ± 1.3(51.4–55.4)50.2 ± 1.5(48.7–52.0)
Dorsal side
L-Muscle +Granules ( +n +) +131612
Length(Range)34.7±4.8(25–40)65.0 ± 9.7(49–85)30.1 ± 6.1(24–43)
Width(Range)18.3 ± 3.4(14–26)28.5 ± 4.6(18–36)12.6 ± 2.2(9–18)
+GP +c +(Range)53.2 ± 9.3(40.5–74.3)44.4 ± 7.3(32.7–54.8)42.9 ± 7.3(30.2–54.2)
+GCO +d (%) +(Ratio)0(O0: C13)0(O0: C16)0(O0: C12)
Body wall +Anchor plates ( +n +) +8107
Length(Range)111.5 ± 6.5(105–124)103.8 ± 4.4(98–112)97.0 ± 9.8(79–110)
Width(Range)65.1 ± 6.5(54–71)70.9 ± 5.2(60–77)62.0 ±9.3(43–70)
+APS +e +(Range)0.6 ± 0.1(0.5–0.7)0.9 ± 0.6(0.6–2.7)0.4 ± 0.4(0–0.7)
+Ntp +f +(Range)0-0-0-
+APT +g (%) +(Range)0-0-0-
Body wall +Anchor ( +n +) +10510
Length(Range)144.9 ± 7.4(133–157)162.0 ± 3.2(158–165)159.1 ± 13.5(143–184)
Width(Range)76.6 ± 4.6(68–83)40.6 ± 2.4(38–44)71.7±6.0(64–81)
Teeth(Range)3.7 ± 0.8(3–5)5.2 ± 1.5(5–7)3.1 ± 1.1(2–5)
+ASW +h(%) +(Range)23.1 ± 1.9(20.0–25.7)24.5 ± 1.2(22.9–25.7)25.0 ± 1.7(21.6–27.3)
+AEW +i (%) +(Range)49.2 ± 4.5(42.2–57.4)55.7 ± 1.6(54.1–57.9)47.4 ± 4.1(39.5–52.7)
+ + + +a–i, (see, Materials and Methods) Indicators for ossicles shape, and one parameter ( +Ntp +, number s teethed perforation). + + + +Body wall ossicles anchors and anchor plates ( +Fig. 22 +, +Table 13 +). Anchor plates ranged within 97–112 μm in length. Size of perforations not noticeably variable between central area and marginal area, but almost constant between central area. Perforations of anchor plate ossicles toothless, seven ovoid form, central one and marginal six, arranged by symmetrical hexagonal layout, without marginal teeth around outer rim of plates. Two calculated indicators for anchor plates and a parameter were variated within +APS +=0–2.7; +Ntp +=0; +APT +=0% ( +Fig. 22 +, +Table 13 +). + + +Anchor ossicles ranged within 143–165 μm in length ( +Fig. 22 +, Table 19). All the anchor arms (bills) equipped with minute teeth on their outer tips, numbers of teeth variable within 3–7 (mostly +2–3 in +one arm of the anchor ossicle), and anchor ossicles of this specimen possess stem broad also relatively narrow anchor arms width, with +ASW +=21.8–29.5%; +AEW +=41.2–60.7%. T-shaped basal end of the anchor ossicle of this species crescent-shaped ( +Fig. 22B; D +). + + +Body longitudinal muscle, all elongated C-shaped granule ossicles of this specimen ranged within 47–106 μm in length ( +Fig. 22 +, +Table 13 +). The calculated indicator for granule proportions was variated within +GP +=29.2–62.5%; +GCO +=0%, no O-shape granules were present. + + +Tentacle ossicles ranged within 23–63 μm in length ( +Fig. 22 +, +Table 10 +), mostly elongated C-shaped granule ossicles with few simple rod ossicles. Two calculated indicators for rod proportions and complexities were variated within +RP +=9.5–53.8%; +RC +=4.8–8.7 ( +Table 10 +). + + +Observation on the morphologies of calcareous ring + + +Calcareous plates 12 ( +Fig. 23 +), thin and plate-like, with posterior depression on every plate other than the 4 plates situated in right and left dorso-lateral positions ( +IR4’; RIII; IR3’; RII +), where additional interradial plates ( +IR4’; IR3’ +) and adjacent radial plates ( +RIII; RII +) construct a wide space (like a “interradial perforation”) between their lateral ends. Three radial plates ( +RI; RIV; RV +) with slight anterior projection and perforation, also interradial plates with slight anterior projection, however medio-dorsal plate +(IR5 +) with only posterior depression, lacking anterior projection. + + + +FIGURE 23. +Outer-surface view of calcareous ring of the calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as + +Patinapta edentatus + + +sp. nov. + +, in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021- INV-973). The positions of the plates are denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: +RI–RV +and +IR1–IR5 +where +R +and +IR +stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence +RI +, mid-ventral; +RII +, left ventral; +RIII +, right ventral; +RIV +, left dorsal; +RV +, right dorsal; and: +IR1 +, left ventral; +IR2 +, right ventral; +IR3-IR3’ +, left dorso-lateral; +IR4-IR4’ +, right dorsolateral; +IR5 +, mid-dorsal. Anterior top. + + + + +Ossicle variation among the +three specimens + + + +The +three specimens +examined were chosen as largest specimens of this species housed in the WMNH-INV collection, approximately +45–70 mm +in length ( +Table 1 +), and all +three specimens +well-matured possessing fully equipped gonad tubules in their body cavities. Their bodies were extremely contracted by shrunken latitudinal muscle caused by unanesthetized fixiation, and resulting in the largest specimen autotomized on the anterior part. Their external and internal morphologies well agreed with each other’s ( +Table 1 +). + + +Body wall ossicles are anchors and anchor plates.Anchor plate ossicle lengths and calculated indicators of +three specimens +ranged within: 79–124 μm in length, +APS +=0–2.7, +Ntp += 0, +APT +=0% ( +Table 13 +). Among these values, length and the parameter +Ntp +of anchor plate ossicles (both ventrally and dorsally) were not significantly different ( +Ps +>0.05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test), and non-size dependance indicator of plate skewness +APS +was also not significantly different ( +Ps +>0. 05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test). All +three specimens +did not possess teethed perforations of anchor plate ossicles. From these results, the anchor plate ossicles in the body wall of the present +three specimens +were not different in length or skewness of anchor plate ossicles, and the critical feature of lacking teethed perforations can be the accurate key. + + +Anchor ossicle lengths and calculated indicators ranged within: 133–184 μm in length, +ASW +=19.3–27.8%, +AEW +=39.5–57.9% ( +Table 13 +). Among these values, length of anchor ossicles (both ventrally and dorsally) was significantly different ( +Ps +<0.005, Kruskal-Wallis’ test), while the indicator for anchor stem breadth +ASW +and for basal / distal ends width +AEW +were not significantly different ( +Ps +>0. 05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test). From these results, the anchor ossicles in the body wall of the present +three specimens +were different in ossicle lengths, while their shapes were not different. Therefore, length cannot be the accurate key, but the shape of the anchor ossicles can be the accurate key. + + +Longitudinal muscles had only elongated C-shaped granule ossicles, and length and calculated indicators ranged within: 24–106 μm in length, +GP +=29.2–74.1%, +GCO +=0% ( +Table 13 +). Among these values, length of granule ossicles was significantly different ( +Ps +<0.005, Kruskal-Wallis’ test, both in ventrally and dorsally), while the two calculated indicators +GP +and +GCO +were not significantly different in +GP +( +Ps +>0.05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test). Therefore, length of the granule ossicles cannot be the accurate key. However, the complete unbalance of O-shaped (0%) or C-shaped (100%) granules can be a useful key. + + +Tentacle ossicles consisted of many elongated C-shaped granules and rare rods, length and calculated indicators of +three specimens +ranged within: 22–63 μm in length, +RP +=9.5–55.2%, and +RC +=4.1–11.1 ( +Table 13 +). Among these values, length of granule ossicles was not significantly different ( +P +>0. 05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test) among specimens, and non--sizeependence indicator for proportion ( +RP +) and non--sizeependence complexities ( +RC +) were also not significantly different ( +P +>0. 05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test). Therefore, the morphologies of the granule ossicles of this species can be a critical accurate key. + + + + +Remarks + + +Previously, in a report of the Ministry of the Environment +Japan +(2007), this species was preliminarily identified as + +Patinapta +sp. + +(and misidentified in their distribution map as + +P. ooplax + +). However, it was revealed that this species can be easily distinguished from other species by their elongated C-shaped granule ossicles (lacking perforations) with highest concentrations in the tentacles, different from all congeners (Table 7-2). + + + + +Distribution + + +Presently, only two localities are known for this species. In the +type +locality Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, +20 specimens +including the +three type +specimens were collected from the coarse-sandy intertidal flats, where most of specimens had been infested with co-existing bivalves + +Anisodevonia ohshimai + +. In Nagura Bay, the smaller specimens were collected from the coarse-sandy intertidal shore and the muddy-sand intertidal flats with mangrove woods ( +Table 14 +). + + + + +TABLE 14. +List of the WMNH-INV specimens of + +Patinapta edentatus + + +sp. nov. + +as of 2024. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
WMNH-INV No.Locality (arranged under north to south)Collectors (Date)
Yaeyama Islands in the Ryukyu Islands
2021-INV-942–946Nagura Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, OkinawaKimura, T. (August 28, 2001)
2021-INV-972–991Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, OkinawaKimura, T. (August 28, 2001)
+ + + +Discussion + + +We illustrate herein all twelve plates of the calcareous ring for the first time (see, Table 7-3). As a result, the present calcareous rings of two species previously described from +Japan +agree to the original descriptions based on +type +materials. Specifically, agreement is found in the points of “interradial plates with semicircular perforation” reported for + +P. ooplax + +( +Fig. 8 +), and “same compose to + +P. ooplax + +, but the anterior tips not undulated at all ( + +Chao +et al +, 1988 + +)” reported for + +P. taiwaniensis + +( +Fig. 11 +). Both characters of the calcareous ring were also detected in the present four new species from Japanese waters. Regardless of the mostly separated distributions of + +P. ooplax + +and + +P. edentatus + +, both species possess the same +type +of calcareous ring compositions, namely inter-radial perforated +type +( +Figs 8 +, +23 +), while + +P. taiwaniensis + +, + +P. deformis + +and + +P. parvaspiculus + +possess another +type +of composition, namely radial perforated +type +( +Figs 11 +, +14 +, +17 +). In addition to these, between the “separated distributions of + +P. ooplax + +and + +P. edentatus + +,” another +type +of calcareous ring, namely inter-radial creviced +type +of + +P. neglectus + +, was described in the present study ( +Fig. 20 +). This result of morphologies of calcareous rings naturally leads us to speculate that the phylogeny of this genus may be more interesting than previously expected, and molecular analyses are needed in the future. + +From the present observations for the six species described above, only the latitudinal layouts of ossicles (anchor and plate) were generated in the present materials, however, this information can be useful in field observations, or future studies of phylogenetic taxonomy. +To achieve accurate species identification, keys for the present six species described above are given below, using the present results of ossicle morphologies. Simultaneous use of Table 15 (Appendix tables attached to the last of this article) with the below key will lead to more convenient identification. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/63/06/82/630682D234935A99A4903AC990B01A0A.xml b/data/63/06/82/630682D234935A99A4903AC990B01A0A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8572cbb6f88 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/63/06/82/630682D234935A99A4903AC990B01A0A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ + + + +Two new species of Psen Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae) from China, with a key to Psen species of China + + + +Author + +Deng, Yao +0000-0002-0754-4647 +Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China + + + +Author + +Ma, Li +0000-0002-3436-1387 +Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China + + + +Author + +Li, Qiang +0000-0001-5950-8843 +Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2025 + +2025-01-22 + + +1224 + + +87 +108 + + + +journal article +307816 +10.3897/zookeys.1224.133244 +429f14d9-6f66-47be-b792-b741ab55688b +A52CF7D1-556C-4D75-BA76-FC807EC0C3F0 + + + + + +Psen +Latreille, 1796 + + + + + + + + +Psen + +Latreille, 1796: 122 +(no included species). Type species: + +Sphex ater +Fabricius, 1794 + +[= + +Crabro ater +Olivier, 1792 + +], designated by + +Latreille 1802: 338 + +(first included species). + + + + + + + + + +Psenus + +Rafinesque, 1815: 124 +. Emendation of + +Psen + +Latreille, 1796 + + +. + + + + + + + + + +Mesopora +Wesmael, 1852: 279 + + +. Type species: + +Psen ater + +of Vander Linden, 1829 [= + +Sphex ater + +of Panzer, 1799 = + +Sphex ater +Fabricius, 1794 + += + +Crabro ater +Olivier, 1792 + +], by monotypy. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +The genus + +Psen + +can be identified as a member of the tribe +Psenini +Costa, 1858 within the subfamily +Pemphredoninae +based on Mandible bidentate apically; occipital carina joining hypostomal carina before midventral line of head; no genal process; scrobe sulus deep, hypoepimeral area raised; omaulus ending as it becomes ventral and turning a little posteriorly; forewing second recurrent vein ending in second or interstitial or third submarginal cell, hindwing M diverging before cu-a; propodeum usually coarsely reticulate posteriorly, sometimes multivariate; dorso-median area of petiole usually smooth, rarely with coarse punctures, without carinae but rarely with a posterior longitudinal groove, no conspicuous laterodorsal setae but abundant strong setae lateroventrally; male gastral sterna III and IV, or only III or IV, with marginal setae posteriorly, rarely without marginal setae, VIII an upturned pseudo-sting; female pygidial plate subtriangular, narrow or broad, sparsely or densely bristled ( +Bohart and Menke 1976 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file