diff --git a/data/03/88/87/038887AAFFBBFF8CFC1142B6FA30FE58.xml b/data/03/88/87/038887AAFFBBFF8CFC1142B6FA30FE58.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..542a21c509a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/88/87/038887AAFFBBFF8CFC1142B6FA30FE58.xml @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ + + + +Fig. 4 in Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. + + + +Author + +Cantero, Álvaro Luis Peña + +text + + +Zoological Studies + + +2024 + +2024-06-20 + + +63 + + +17 + + +141 +149 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12829528 + +journal article +10.6620/ZS.2024.63-17 +1810-522X + + + + + + + +Acryptolaria minuta +Watson, 2003 + + +( +Fig. 3A +) + + + + + + + + +Acryptolaria minuta +Watson, 2003: 163−164 + + +, fig. 13A–C; + +Peña Cantero and Vervoort, 2010: 302–304 + +, figs. 18, 30; + +Peña Cantero, 2020: 288 + +, figs. 1D, 3E−F, 5G. + + + + + +Material examined +: Stn 98, one stem fragment +9 mm +long with several hydrothecae, without coppinia ( +NIWA +114754). + + +Description +: Stem fragment +9 mm +long, with hydrothecae arranged alternately in two planes forming a very open angle. Hydrotheca markedly curved outwards, tubular, free part cylindrical, diameter barely dwindling basally at adnate part. Hydrotheca adnate to internode for about two-thirds of its length. Free adcauline wall strongly convex; adnate part much less so. Abcauline wall concave, but nearly straight at basal part. Hydrothecal aperture circular, directed outwards, often parallel to longitudinal axis of branch; rim even, with up to four renovations. + + +Measurements (in µm) +: +Hydrothecae +: abcauline wall 680−700, free part of adcauline wall 230−350, adnate part of adcauline wall 550−570, adcauline wall 850−860, diameter at aperture 110−130, diameter at base 80. +Cnidome +(taken with × 40): putative macrobasic mastigophores, range 17.5–20 × 7.5. + + +Remarks +: The material consists of a single stem fragment, +9 mm +long; however, the specimen corresponds well to recent descriptions of the species by +Peña Cantero and Vervoort (2010) +and +Peña Cantero (2020) +. The species is well characterised by the shape and size of the hydrotheca and the size of the larger nematocysts ( +e.g. +, 17–19 × 7–8 µm in +Peña Cantero and Vervoort 2010 +). + + +Ecology and distribution +: + +Acryptolaria minuta + +has been collected from depths of 300 ( +Peña Cantero and Vervoort 2010 +) to +1422 m +( +Watson 2003 +); present material from + +676 to +750 m + +. + + +This species has been previously recorded north of +Macquarie Island +( +Watson 2003 +), from the Loyalty Islands and Norfolk Ridge areas ( +Peña Cantero and Vervoort 2010 +) and off Antipodes Island, southeast of +New Zealand +( +Peña Cantero 2020 +). The material studied here was collected from Seamount 9 Hjort, south of +Macquarie Island +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/BD/B6/03BDB63BFFB1FFD8FCC1FE02B28FAFAF.xml b/data/03/BD/B6/03BDB63BFFB1FFD8FCC1FE02B28FAFAF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e97090c7f54 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/BD/B6/03BDB63BFFB1FFD8FCC1FE02B28FAFAF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,361 @@ + + + +Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. + + + +Author + +Yiu, Sam King Fung +School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. * Correspondence: E-mail: cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com (Yiu) & State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. +cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com + + + +Author + +Leung, Thomas Ka Tung +State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. + + + +Author + +Lee, Gabriel Yeung +State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. + + + +Author + +Yan, Meng +State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. + +text + + +Zoological Studies + + +2024 + +2024-03-15 + + +63 + + +4 + + +141 +149 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262 + +journal article +10.6620/ZS.2024.63-04 +1810-522X +12831176 + + + + + + +Species + +Scyllaea fulva +Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 + + + + +Synonyms + + + + +Nerea punctata +(Lesson 1830) + +, + +Scyllaea dracaena +( +Kelaart 1858 +) + +, + +Scyllaea quoyi +( +Gray 1850 +) + +, + +Scyllaea pelagica +( +Pola et al. 2012 +) + +. + + + + +Materials examined +: +NMMB-M +011734: +0.9 cm +in length; +NMMB-M +011735: +0.85 cm +in length; +NMMB-M +011736: +1.4 cm +in length; +NMMB-M +011737: +0.95 cm +in length; +NMMB-M +011738: +0.5 cm +in length; +NMMB-M +011739: +1.3 cm +in length; +NMMB-M +011740: +2.9 cm +in length. + + +Locality +: +Seven specimens +were collected from + +Sargassum +spp. + +at Tai She Wan ( +22°21'32.7"N +, +114°20'15.1"E +) at +2 m +on the 28th March and the +11th April 2023 +. + + + +Type +locality + +: New +Guinea +. Geographic distribution ( +Fig. 1 +): +Hong Kong +(this study), Indo-Pacific region including +Japan +( +Baba 1949 +), +Papua New Guinea +, +Philippines +( +Pola et al. 2012 +), +Réunion +( +Cadet 2012 +), Gump Station, Cook’s Bay, Moorea, +French Polynesia +( +Goodheart et al. 2017 +2018 +); +Mozambique +( +Tibiriçá et al. 2017 +) and +Thailand +( +Mehrotra et al. 2021 +). + + +Habitat +: Inhabit the seaweed + +Sargassum +spp. + +( +Fig. 2A +). + + +External morphology +( +Fig. 2B–D +and +Fig. 3A– B +): The body colour varies from transparent to semitransparent green or light yellow. The body is slender, soft, flaccid, and elevated, but laterally compressed. The body surface is smooth. There are some black or brown spots on the body. The foot is narrow. The posterior crest is moderately large with an entire margin. The edge of posterior crest is brown. The front of the head is expanded in a semicircular veil. The rhinophores are perfoliate with 3–4 lamellae. There are two pairs of equal sized dorsolateral lobes. The lobes are wing-like and denticulated. Each dorsolateral lobe bears four to five large and transparent dendritic ‘gills’ on their upper surface and two on the tail as well as four on each side of the tail. + + +Internal morphology +( +Fig. 3C–F +and +Fig. 4 +): The buccal mass contained a pair of thin and triangular jaws. The masticatory edge of the jaws is expanded into a wing-like flap. Over the edge of this flap is a series of pineapple-like structures. These structures form a honeycomb pattern over the entire surface of the masticatory edge, and the number of rodlets on the pineapple-like structure ranged from two to five. Central radular teeth were present. Each primary denticle bore two to five secondary denticles. The radula formula was 11 × 15.1.15. The reproductive system contained a small bursa copulatrix, a large female gland mass, and a duct connecting the female gland mass to the prostate and the ampulla. + + + +Fig. 1. +Map showing the current known global distribution of + +Scyllaea fulva + +and + +Scyllaea pelagica + +. + + + + +Fig. 2. +Selected photographs showing the sargassum habitat and + +Scyllaea fulva + +. A, +Sargassum +bed at Tai She Wan; B, +In situ +swimming + +Scyllaea fulva + +; C, Dorsal view of + +Scyllaea fulva + +in a beaker; D, Lateral view of + +Scyllaea fulva + +in a beaker. Scale bar = 0.5 cm. + + + + +Fig. 3. +Drawing showing the external and internal morphology of + +Scyllaea fulva + +. A, Dorsal view; B, Lateral view; C, Jaw; D, Radula; E, Teeth; F, Reproductive system. bc, bursa copulatrix; fmg, female gland mass; pr, prostate; amp, ampulla; hd, hermaphroditic duct. Scale bars: A and B = 0.5 cm; C = 0.5 mm; D = 250 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 0.2 mm. + + + +Remarks +: + +Scyllaea fulva + +can be distinguished from + +Scyllaea pelagica + +based on the radular formula. The radular formula of + +Scyllaea pelagica + +is 16–24 × 24–54.1.24–54 ( +Odhner 1936 +), which exhibits a higher number of denticles compared to + +Scyllaea fulva + +. + + +Molecular analysis + + +Three gene sequences were obtained from each of the +two specimens +( +NMMB-M +011734 to 735). Alignment and concatenation resulted in a dataset of 1455 bp (661 bp for +COI +, 466 bp for +16S rRNA +and 328 bp for +H3 +). Our phylogenetic analyses showed that the +two specimens +we collected from the field were + +Scyllaea fulva + +( +Fig. 5 +). Pair-wise sequence comparisons were conducted to determine the inter- and intra-specific +p +-distances ( +Table 1 +; +Table S1 +). Interspecific +p +-distances amongst + +Scyllaea fulva + +and + +Scyllaea pelagica + +were 6.90%–7.20% for +COI +, 2.20%–2.50% for +16S +and 0.00% for +H3 +. Intraspecific +p +-distances in + +Scyllaea fulva + +were generally very small, with 0.00%–0.60% for +COI +, 0.00%–0.20% for +16S +, and 0.00% for +H3 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DD/87/03DD87C2FE585602FF13FD25A19BFE70.xml b/data/03/DD/87/03DD87C2FE585602FF13FD25A19BFE70.xml index b9a4bb2d582..1648decf913 100644 --- a/data/03/DD/87/03DD87C2FE585602FF13FD25A19BFE70.xml +++ b/data/03/DD/87/03DD87C2FE585602FF13FD25A19BFE70.xml @@ -1,54 +1,57 @@ - - - -Scyllarides squammosus Nisto + + + +Scyllarides squammosus Nisto - - -Author + + +Author -Hidaka, Chiho +Hidaka, Chiho - - -Author + + +Author -Yang, Chien-Hui +Yang, Chien-Hui - - -Author + + +Author -Wakabayashi, Kaori +Wakabayashi, Kaori -text - - -Zoological Studies +text + + +Zoological Studies - -2022 - -2022-10-11 + +2022 + +2022-10-11 - -61 + +61 - -39 + +39 - -1 -13 + +1 +13 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827277 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827277 -journal article -10.6620/ZS.2022.61-39 -1810-522X +journal article +10.6620/ZS.2022.61-39 +1810-522X +PMC9745572 +36568810 +12826598 @@ -66,17 +69,17 @@ Tokuda & Yukawa ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ) Diagnosis : Adult palpus three-segmented, first to sixth tergites with a single row of posterior setae, hypoproct basally rather wide and extremely narrowing at apex. Pupal antennal horn triangular, well developed ( -Fig. 4A +Fig. 4A ). Pupal stigmatal tubercles present on second to fourth abdominal segments ( -Fig. 4B +Fig. 4B ), reduced on fifth to eighth abdominal segments. Larval sternal spatula with four lobes and the inner pairs longer than the outer ( -Fig. 4C +Fig. 4C ). @@ -185,7 +188,7 @@ kiwiphila individuals were obtained for a partial COI gene (658–689 bp). Species delimitation of ABGD showed three presumptive species ( -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 ) corresponding to our morphological examinations: (1) P. matatabi @@ -201,7 +204,7 @@ gene (658–689 bp). Species delimitation of ABGD showed three presumptive speci sp. nov. : one Japanese and four Taiwanese sequences. - + Fig. 4. @@ -240,14 +243,14 @@ and Japanese The phylogenetic trees constructed by Bayesian inference ( -Fig. 5A +Fig. 5A ) and by Maximum likelihood shared a similar topology except for the phylogenetic relationship among individuals of P. kiwiphila sp. nov. , which was resolved in the IQ tree ( -Fig. 5B +Fig. 5B ) but not the BI tree. Leaf gallers of Pseudasphondylia diff --git a/data/03/E1/87/03E187869D0E3C5DFD7209B0FD3CFBA4.xml b/data/03/E1/87/03E187869D0E3C5DFD7209B0FD3CFBA4.xml index 13db1164b0f..9ea5b339ef8 100644 --- a/data/03/E1/87/03E187869D0E3C5DFD7209B0FD3CFBA4.xml +++ b/data/03/E1/87/03E187869D0E3C5DFD7209B0FD3CFBA4.xml @@ -1,51 +1,54 @@ - - - -Fig. 3 in Description of A New Archaeococcoid of the Genus Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) from India. + + + +Fig. 3 in Description of A New Archaeococcoid of the Genus Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) from India. - - -Author + + +Author -Das, Anirban -Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia- 741252, West Bengal, India. +Das, Anirban +Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia- 741252, West Bengal, India. - - -Author + + +Author -Das, Bijan Kumar -Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia- 741252, West Bengal, India. & AICR Project on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants and Betelvine, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia- 741235, West Bengal, India. * Correspondence: E-mail: bkdas 1963 @ rediffmail. com (BK Das) -bkdas1963@rediffmail.com +Das, Bijan Kumar +Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia- 741252, West Bengal, India. & AICR Project on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants and Betelvine, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia- 741235, West Bengal, India. * Correspondence: E-mail: bkdas 1963 @ rediffmail. com (BK Das) +bkdas1963@rediffmail.com -text - - -Zoological Studies +text + + +Zoological Studies - -2022 - -2022-10-11 + +2022 + +2022-10-11 - -61 + +61 - -54 + +54 - -1 -10 + +1 +10 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826757 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826757 -journal article -10.6620/ZS.2022.61-54 -1810-522X +journal article +10.6620/ZS.2022.61-54 +1810-522X +PMC9755985 +36568823 +12826751 @@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ Das and Das sp. nov. ( -Figs. 1–3 +Figs. 1–3 ) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: @@ -151,7 +154,7 @@ females (the Appearance in life ( -Figs. 1A–D +Figs. 1A–D ) : Adult females found on twigs and small stems of the host. They are large, broadly elongaled oval with anterior end sinuate, posterior end rounded and dorsum convex; covered with a whitish mealy powder. Body colour dull orange, legs and antennae deep brown, and eyes dark brown. @@ -161,9 +164,9 @@ Appearance in life ( : body shape and size : Body elongate oval ( -Figs. 2A +Figs. 2A , -3A +3A ), 9.5–10.5 mm long, broadest across abdomen which is 6.0– @@ -173,18 +176,18 @@ wide. Derm of slide mounted adult female ( -Fig. 2L +Fig. 2L ) : Derm densely crowded with small stout setae, multilocular pores and circular to oval translucent cells or areoles, generally each areole surrounds the base of a seta or pore, infrequently areoles of two setae or a pore and a seta combined; areoles associated with pores are larger than those associated with setae. Derm rather thick, not sclerotized, internally with apodeme-like thickening at the inter-segmental areas; both dorsal and ventral surfaces with a few scattered, irregularly shaped bare areas of cuticle without pores or setae ( -Figs. 2F +Figs. 2F , -3F +3F ) surrounded by small setae. Dorsal submargin with ten small roughly circular transluscent membranous areas on each side, present singly at anterior of each of the seven abdominal spiracles ( -Fig. 2d +Fig. 2d ), on meso- and meta-thorax, and a comparatively larger one on anterior part of head. - + Fig. 1. @@ -203,19 +206,19 @@ and D, dorsal and ventral views, respectively, of alcohol preserved adult female Setae : Small, stout, straight or slightly curved setae, each 50–75 μm long ( -Fig. 2L +Fig. 2L ), covering whole body, comparatively denser and longer in marginal and sub-marginal areas. Medium length to long setae with collared bases present at intervals along the margin, each 320–450 μm long ( -Figs. 2K +Figs. 2K , -3G +3G ), more numerous in posterior marginal areas of the body. Macro-setae also found on inter-antennal region (numbering 10–14, each 300–315 μm long), dermal areas laterad of labium (each 300–350 μm long), surrounding anal orifice (each 170–175 μm long), and some moderately long setae also sparsely scattered throughout. Multilocular pores ( -Figs. 2N +Figs. 2N , -3I +3I ) : Dorsum with only @@ -226,9 +229,9 @@ of multilocular pores, each with thickened rim and unilocular centre of various Antenna ( -Figs. 2B +Figs. 2B , -3B +3B ) : Antennae stout, each 8 segmented, 1.8–2.0 mm long; each segment bearing a few medium-sized setae. Basal segment stout, broadest and quadrate; second and third subequal, cylindrical, slightly longer than wide; fourth segment cylindrical, but thinner than preceding; fifth, sixth, and seventh segments each subequal to fourth but wider at the distal end; terminal segment longest, elongate, equal to or longer than six and seven together. Lengths of individual segments: I: 200–220 μm; II: 195–200 μm; III: 225–250 μm; IV: 175–200 μm; @@ -244,9 +247,9 @@ Antenna ( Rostrum ( -Figs. 2E +Figs. 2E , -3D +3D ) : stout conical, obscurely 3 segmented, about 400–410 μm long; apical segment with numerous long setae, each 300–350 μm long and small sensory tuft of setae at tip. @@ -254,9 +257,9 @@ Rostrum ( Leg ( -Figs. 2C +Figs. 2C , -3C +3C ) : Legs all well developed, with all the segments bearing strong setae; inner and outer edges of each tibia and tarsus beset with stout spinelike setae. Each trochanter with a long trochanteral seta, 375–425 μm long; claw single, stout, moderately curved, bluntly pointed, with a pair of simple fragile ungual digitules. Lengths of metathoracic leg segments: coxa, 700–750 μm; trochanter, 520–550 μm; femur, 1200– 1250 μm; tibia, 1230–1250 μm; tarsus, 700–720 μm long; claw stout, 150–180 μm long, moderately curved, bluntly pointed, with a pair of simple, pointed and fragile, ungual digitules not exceeding claw apex. @@ -264,9 +267,9 @@ Leg ( Thoracic spiracles ( -Figs. 2M +Figs. 2M , -3E +3E ) : Thoracic spiracles ventral, stout, all of approximately equal size; each 300–315 μm long with atrium 300–320 μm long and 100–120 μm wide, with about 65–75 multilocular pores. @@ -274,9 +277,9 @@ Thoracic spiracles ( Abdominal spiracles ( -Figs. 2I +Figs. 2I , -3J +3J ) : Abdominal spiracles dorsal, numbering seven pairs, present on abdominal segments II–VIII, each with a short sclerotized cylindrical tube or atrium with a slightly expanded inner end and circular opening, about 45–50 μm diameter, and with a band of disc pores (numbering about 18–21 @@ -286,9 +289,9 @@ in wall of atrium. Anal opening ( -Figs. 2G +Figs. 2G , -3J +3J ) : Anal opening surrounded by numerous long setae, each 170–175 μm long. Anal tube weakly sclerotized, long (340–360 μm), with a sclerotized inverted pear-shaped opening rim (maximum width 130–140 μm) and the rim is studded with obscured wax pores arranged mostly in a single row, some points with double pore width. @@ -296,9 +299,9 @@ Anal opening ( Cicatrices ( -Figs. 2H +Figs. 2H , -3K +3K ) : Three large ventral cicatrices present, confined within a semicircular to irregularly quadrate area, posterior to vulva; median cicatrices largest, elongate, 325–350 μm long, lateral cicatrices irregular in shape, each 290–300 μm long. @@ -306,7 +309,7 @@ Cicatrices ( Marsupial opening ( -Fig. 2J +Fig. 2J ) : Large, 500–600 μm in long margins lined with setae, each 50–75 μm long. @@ -361,7 +364,7 @@ in parenthesis): (i) ventral derm with 4–6 rim loculi (4–8 rim loculi); (ii) . - + Fig. 2. Diagnostic characters of a slide-mounted adult female, @@ -373,7 +376,7 @@ Das & Das A, whole body (ventral view). B, antenna. C, hind leg. D, abdominal spiracle and nearby transluscent membranous area. E, beak. F, bare areas of cuticle without pores or setae. osteole like structure derm. G, anus. H, cicatrics. I, abdominal spiracle. J, marsupial opening. K, posterior marginal area. L, lateral marginal area. M, thoracic spiracle. N, different multilocular pores. - + Fig. 3. Taxonomic illustration of diagnostic characters of adult female, diff --git a/data/C9/39/5B/C9395B008B4CFFCBF9CB12B8D44D4DD8.xml b/data/C9/39/5B/C9395B008B4CFFCBF9CB12B8D44D4DD8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..11781b365ce --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C9/39/5B/C9395B008B4CFFCBF9CB12B8D44D4DD8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ + + + +Fig. 4. A in Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. + + + +Author + +Shih, Hsi-Te +Department of Life Science and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Road, + + + +Author + +Cai, Yixiong +National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Republic of Singapore. + + + +Author + +Niwa, Nobuaki +Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606 - 8502, Japan + + + +Author + +Yoshigou, Hidenori +Chugai Technos Co. LTD, 9 - 12, Yokogawa-shin-machi, Nishi-ku, Hiroshima City 733 - 0013, Japan. E-mail: h. yoshigo @ chugai-tec. co. jp (Yoshigou) +h.yoshigo@chugai-tec.co.jp + + + +Author + +Nakahara, Yasuhiko +SEIBU Environmental Research Co., LTD, Mikawachishin-machi, Sasebo-City, Nagasaki 859 - 3153, Japan. E-mail: caridina @ nifty. com (Nakahara) +caridina@nifty.com + +text + + +Zoological Studies + + +2024 + +2024-07-09 + + +63 + + +18 + + +141 +149 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12829245 + +journal article +10.6620/ZS.2024.63-18 +1810-522X + + + + + + + +Neocaridina ikiensis +Shih, Cai, Niwa & Nakahara, 2017 + + + + + +Specimens examined +: See +Shih et al. (2017) +. + + + + +Native distribution +: This species is only distributed in Iki Island, +Nagasaki Prefecture +, western +Japan +( +Shih et al. 2017 +). + + +Remarks +: This species was the second native species of + +Neocaridina + +discovered in the main islands of +Japan +; and its distribution is restricted to Iki Island, an offshore island in northern Kyushu ( +Shih et al. 2017 +). + + +Fuke et al. (2021) +questioned the validity of + +N. ikiensis + +, commenting that +Shih et al. (2017) +may not have adequately considered the genetic and morphological variations between their new species and the populations of + +N. denticulata + +in nearby regions, including what they referred to as “ + +N. denticulata + +” from Fukue-jima Island, Goto, +Nagasaki +; Ishiki River, Kawatana, +Nagasaki +; Kuro River, Aso, Kumamota; and Machida R., Kokoneo, +Oita +. Their +COI +tree showed that + +N. ikiensis + +clustered together with several populations of their “ + +N. denticulata + +”. By re-analyzing their sequences using longer lengths ( +Table 3 +), along with ours, the results ( +Fig. 3 +) indicate that + +N. ikiensis + +forms a sister clade with the Machida population. The samples collected from Kuro River and Ishiki River form one clade, which is sister to a clade composed of samples from the Goto Islands. The supported values of these two clades suggest that each clade may represent a separate species not previously recognized, here assigned as +N. +sp. 1 and +N +. sp. 2, from the Kuro/Ishiki River and from the Goto Islands, respectively. These two clades are distinctly differentiated from the taxa + +N. denticulata + +and + +N +. aff. +denticulata + +that our study recognizes based on both genetic and morphological data (cf. +Fig. 3 +). + + +The group formed by +N +. sp. 1, +N +. sp. 2, and + +N +. aff. +fukiensis + +is sister to another group comprising + +N. ikiensis + +and the previously mentioned Machida population ( +Fig. 3 +). + +Neocaridina +aff. +fukiensis + +is morphologically very distinct from + +N. denticulata + +(see Remarks under + +N +. aff. +fukiensis + +), and the Machida specimens may represent another separate species, named here as +N. +sp. 3, that is genetically similar to + +N. ikiensis +. + +Since +Fuke et al. (2021) +did not provide morphological characters for the species they identified, we cannot compare these three potential unknown species to any of the known ones. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C9/39/5B/C9395B008B5FFFD3F91A1258D7034F18.xml b/data/C9/39/5B/C9395B008B5FFFD3F91A1258D7034F18.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cd989fc2979 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C9/39/5B/C9395B008B5FFFD3F91A1258D7034F18.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1164 @@ + + + +Fig. 4. A in Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. + + + +Author + +Shih, Hsi-Te +Department of Life Science and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Road, + + + +Author + +Cai, Yixiong +National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Republic of Singapore. + + + +Author + +Niwa, Nobuaki +Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606 - 8502, Japan + + + +Author + +Yoshigou, Hidenori +Chugai Technos Co. LTD, 9 - 12, Yokogawa-shin-machi, Nishi-ku, Hiroshima City 733 - 0013, Japan. E-mail: h. yoshigo @ chugai-tec. co. jp (Yoshigou) +h.yoshigo@chugai-tec.co.jp + + + +Author + +Nakahara, Yasuhiko +SEIBU Environmental Research Co., LTD, Mikawachishin-machi, Sasebo-City, Nagasaki 859 - 3153, Japan. E-mail: caridina @ nifty. com (Nakahara) +caridina@nifty.com + +text + + +Zoological Studies + + +2024 + +2024-07-09 + + +63 + + +18 + + +141 +149 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12829245 + +journal article +10.6620/ZS.2024.63-18 +1810-522X + + + + + + + +Neocaridina denticulata +(De Haan, 1844) + + +( +Figs. 4 +, +5 +) + + + +Specimens examined +: + +Japan + +: +1 male +, cl +6.5 mm +, +1 male +, cl +5.2 mm +, +6 males +, cl +4.2–4.7 mm +, ZRC 2023.0211, Kaya R., Ashida River system, Fukuyama City, +Hiroshima Prefecture +, +N34°36'43" +, +E133°15'33" +, coll. H. Yoshigou, +17 Oct. 2015 +; +1 female +, cl +6.2 mm +, +1 female +, cl +5.9 mm +, +11 females +, cl +4.1–7.5 mm +, NCHUZOOL 14965, +1 male +, cl +4.2 mm +, +9 males +, cl 4.5–6.0 mm, NCHUZOOL 14964, Basen-gawa R., Go-no-gawa system, Miyoshi City, +Hiroshima Prefecture +, +N34°46'51" +, +E132°54'39" +, coll. H. Yoshigou, +28 Feb. 2016 +; +1 female +, cl +3.5 mm +, NCHUZOOL 14944, Kurose R., Kurose River system, Higashihiroshima City, +Hiroshima Prefecture +, +N34°23'14" +, +E132°43'50" +, coll. H. Yoshigou, +27 Sep. 2015 +; +1 male +, cl +3.3 mm +, NCHUZOOL 14942, Shizuki R., Shizuki River system, Awaji City, Awaji Island, +Hyogo Prefecture +, +N34°26'09.8" +, +E134°53'22.8" +, coll. Y. Nakahara, +17 Sep. 2015 +; +1 female +, cl +3.8 mm +, +1 male +, cl +3.7 mm +, NCHUZOOL 14968, Iwatuki-gawa R., Takahashigawa system, Odagawa, Ihara City, +Okayama Prefecture +, +N34°33'57.4" +, +E133°28'50.4" +, coll. H. Yoshigou, +10 Oct. 2016 +; +1 female +, cl +4.5 mm +, +1 male +, cl +4.1 mm +, NCHUZOOL 14960, Misasa R., Ota-gawa system, +Hiroshima +City, +Hiroshima Prefecture +, +N34°29'11" +, +E132°31'51" +, coll. H. Yoshigou, +11 Feb. 2016 +; +2 males +, cl 5.8, +5.9 mm +, ZRC 2024.0055, Misasa R., Ota-gawa system, +Hiroshima +City, +Hiroshima Prefecture +, +N34°29'11" +, +E132°31'51" +, coll. H. Yoshigou, +11 Feb. 2016 +; +1 male +, cl +3.6 mm +, NCHUZOOL 14946, Kaya R., Ashida River system, Fukuyama City, +Hiroshima Prefecture +, +N34°36'43" +, +E133°15'33" +, coll. H. Yoshigou, +17 Oct. 2015 +; +1 male +, cl +4.7 mm +, NCHUZOOL 14958, Hazamagawa R., Shonaigawa system, Mizunami City, +Gifu Prefecture +, +N35°22'03.9" +, +E137°14'07.6" +, coll. Y. Nakahara, +21 Oct. 2015 +; +1 female +, cl +4.7 mm +, NCHUZOOL 14966, Ato-gawa R., Seno-gawa system branch of Kumano-gawa R., +Hiroshima +City, +Hiroshima Prefecture +, +N34°22'53" +, +E132°38'17" +, coll. H. Yoshigou, +5 Mar. 2015 +; +1 male +, cl +4.3 mm +, ZRC 2023.0212, Sunagawa R., Asahigawa system, Akaiwa City, +Okayama Prefecture +, +N34°53'48" +, +E134°01'05" +, coll. H. Yoshigou, +23 Nov. 2015 +. + +Mainland +China + +: +1 female +cl +8.7 mm +, NCHUZOOL 15168, Pingyuan, +Yunnan +, coll. H.-T. Shih, +4 Nov. 2002 +; NCHUZOOL, Taihu (Lake), Changzhou, +Jiangsu +, coll. W.-R. Yun, +30 Jun. 2018 +; +5 males +, cl +3.2–3.4 mm +, +6 females +, cl +3.9–4.5 mm +, ZRC 2023.0213, Taihu (Lake), Changzhou, +Jiangsu +, coll. W.- R. Yun, +30 Jun. 2018 +. + + + + +Fig. 2. +A neighbor-joining +COI +tree, based on 53 haplotypes (115 specimens) of + +Neocaridina +species + +from the main islands of Japan and the related taxa from East Asia. Only bootstrap values> 50% are shown on the nodes. *, species collected from Japan in this study. + + + + +Table 4. +Matrix of percentage pairwise nucleotide divergences with K2P distance and mean number of differences based on 658 bp of +COI +within and between species of + +Neocaridina + +used in this study. In the interspecific (right) part, lower-left values are K2P distances and upper-right ones are bp differences. Range of values are given in parentheses + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IntraspecificInterspecific
NucleotideMean nucleotide + +N. davidi + + + +N. denticulata + + + +N. ikiensis + + + +N. +aff. +fukiensis + + + +N. koreana + +
divergencedifference
+ +N. davidi + +0.895.818.4244.6851.8746.96
(0–2.17)(0–14)(11–25)(39–50)(50–54)(45–49)
+ +N. denticulata + +1.177.592.8845.254.7752.85
(0–2.01)(0–13)(1.7–3.93)(41–51)(52–59)(50–56)
+ +N. ikiensis + +1.227.867.217.3136.9241.92
(0–2.49)(0–16)(6.25–8.13)(6.58–8.31)(35–40)(41–43)
+ +N. +aff. +fukiensis + +008.4895.9147
(8.14–8.85)(8.52–9.76)(5.59–6.43)(47–47)
+ +N. koreana + +007.68.646.747.63
+ +N. +aff. +denticulata + +0.775.02(7.26–7.95) 9.32(8.12–9.21) 9.71(6.59–6.92) 7.17(7.63–7.63) 8.643.97
+ +N. palmata + +(0–2.01) 0.41(0–13) 2.68(8.62–10.08) 4.77(8.8–10.27) 5.46(6.39–7.77) 8.39(8.12–9.01) 9.47(3.78–4.43) 9.12
+ +N. +aff. +palmata + +(0–0.61) 0.7(0–4) 4.6(4.24–5.56) 4.51(4.9–5.89) 4.99(7.56–8.95) 8.63(9.31–9.49) 9.88(8.79–9.5) 8.84
+ +N. fonticulata + +(0.15–1.23) 0(1–8) 0(3.77–5.58) 5.69(4.26–5.59) 6.14(8.12–9.18) 6.76(9.72–10.1) 8.36(8.63–9.15) 6.08
(5.4–6.24)(5.57–6.59)(6.43–6.94)(8.36–8.36)(6.08–6.08)
+ +N. saccam + +0.3127.138.027.858.886.53
+ +N. ketagalan + +(0–0.46) 0.1(0–3) 0.67(6.74–8.14) 7.2(7.43–8.68) 8.06(7.11–8.33) 6.58(8.52–9.06) 7.7(6.42–6.59) 6.32
+ +N. spinosa + +(0–0.15) —(0–1) —(6.57–7.78) 14.41(7.44–8.5) 15.06(6.08–7.11) 15.56(7.64–7.81) 16.27(6.26–6.43) 15.68
(13.94–14.7)(14.51–15.3)(14.73–16.12)(16.27–16.27)(15.68–15.68)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Interspecific
+ +N. +aff. +denticulata + + + +N. palmata + + + +N. +aff. +palmata + + + +N. fonticulata + + + +N. saccam + + + +N. ketagalan + + + +N. spinosa + +
+ +N. davidi + +56.7830.2128.5335.7444.1744.5984.52
(53–61)(27–35)(24–35)(34–39)(42–50)(41–48)(82–86)
+ +N. denticulata + +58.9834.3931.438.3849.3349.5687.85
(54–62)(31–37)(27–35)(35–41)(46–53)(46–52)(85–89)
+ +N. ikiensis + +44.551.8352.8841.9248.2540.9290.17
(40–48)(47–55)(50–56)(40–43)(44–51)(38–44)(86–93)
+ +N. +aff. +fukiensis + +52.8757.8859.8515447.3394
(50–55)(57–58)(59–61)(51–51)(52–55)(47–48)(94–94)
+ +N. koreana + +25.2255.8854.23840.6739.3391
(24–28)(54–58)(53–56)(38–38)(40–41)(39–40)(91–91)
+ +N. +aff. +denticulata + +65.0463.64750.8650.1297.22
(61–68)(60–67)(44–48)(47–52)(47–52)(95–101)
+ +N. palmata + +10.7636.2846.6352.4648.2191.25
(10.04–11.3)(34–40)(45–47)(51–53)(47–49)(90–92)
+ +N. +aff. +palmata + +10.515.7744.451.9347.3389.4
(9.84–11.13)(5.39–6.4)(43–46)(50–54)(46–49)(89–90)
+ +N. fonticulata + +7.617.57.1434.3334.6783
(7.1–7.77)(7.22–7.56)(6.9–7.41)(34–35)(34–35)(83–83)
+ +N. saccam + +8.298.528.455.493883
(7.61–8.49)(8.27–8.62)(8.11–8.81)(5.43–5.6)(37–39)(82–85)
+ +N. ketagalan + +8.177.797.665.536.0885.67
(7.61–8.51)(7.58–7.93)(7.43–7.95)(5.42–5.58)(5.91–6.25)(85–86)
+ +N. spinosa + +16.9415.7515.3514.1314.1514.67
(16.49–17.72)(15.5–15.9)(15.26–15.46)(14.13–14.13)(13.95–14.54)(14.54–14.73)
+ + + +Fig. 3. +Bayesian inference (BI) tree for species of the genus + +Neocaridina + +from the East Asia Arc and the related taxa from East Asia, based on the cytochrome +c +oxidase subunit I ( +COI +) gene. Probability values at the nodes represent support values for BI and maximum likelihood (ML). Only support values> 50% are shown on the nodes. For haplotype names, see table 1. *, sequences downloaded from GenBank. + + + + +Native distribution +: Western part of the main islands of +Japan +( +Toyota et al. 2014 +; +Mitsugi et al. 2017 +; +Mitsugi and Suzuki 2018 +). + + +Remarks +: + +Neocaridina denticulata + +, the +type +species of this genus, was considered the only native species of the genus in the main islands of +Japan +( +Cai 1996 +; +Liang 2004 +) until the publication of the name + +N. ikiensis + +for specimens from Iki Island, off the northern coast of Kyushu ( +Shih et al. 2017 +). Key characters of + +N. denticulata + +include its relatively long rostrum, which generally reaches beyond the end of the antennular peduncle; the third and fifth pereiopods do not display sexual dimorphism; the endopods of the male first pleopods are distinctly broad, about 1.2 times as long as wide, and the appendix interna of the male second pleopods is short, not reaching the end of the endopod ( +Cai 1996 +; +Liang 2004 +). Our specimens agree well with these characters ( +Figs. 4 +, +5 +). Based on our study supported by molecular evidence, the species is confirmed to be distributed in the main islands of +Japan +, as well as the +Jiangsu +(Taihu Lake and Nanjing City) and +Yunnan +Provinces of +China +( +Fig. 3 +). Due to the limited samples across +China +used for genetic comparison, we are unable to comment if these populations in +China +are native. + + +When describing two new + +Neocaridina +species + +from +Taiwan +, +Shih and Cai (2007) +presented genetic relationships by examination of +COI +sequences of their new species with a few known species from +Taiwan +, +China +and +Japan +. In their study, + +Neocaridina denticulata + +was represented by specimens from Lake Biwa (AB300191). +Nishino (2017) +and +Fuke et al. (2021) +questioned the validity of the species name used for the genetic material, as + +N. denticulata + +was presumed to be extinct from Lake Biwa before the incidental introduction of + +N. davidi + +in the 2000s, and + +N. davidi + +has since spread widely in and beyond the lake ( +Nishino and Niwa 2004 +). Based on molecular and morphological evidence, however, +Onuki and Fuke (2022) +recently confirmed that both species are found in Lake Biwa. With more samples available, our current study shows that the Lake Biwa specimen (AB300191) is genetically closely clustered with many + +N. denticulata + +specimens from western +Japan +and +China +( +Jiangsu +and +Yunnan +) ( +Fig. 3 +). The attribution of the name + +N. denticulata + +to this specimen by +Shih and Cai (2007) +was therefore correct. + + +Nagai and Imai (2021) +reported a species of + +Neocaridina + +from Kakinohana spring, Nanjo City, +Okinawa +Island, the Ryukyus. They tentatively assigned their specimens to “ + +N. davidi + +Type +II ( + +N. davidi koreana + +?)” based on +COI +sequences. These sequences shared only one haplotype and genetically clustered together with our + +N. denticulata + +specimens collected from +Shiga +(Lake Biwa), +Gifu +, +Hyogo +, +Okayama +, +Shimane +, +Hiroshima +, and +Yamaguchi +( +Fig. 3 +), as well as one of +Fuke et al. (2021) +’s +Oita +specimens (LC612373) ( +Nagai and Imai 2021 +: fig. 3). This result suggests that the +Okinawa +specimens should be assigned to + +N. denticulata + +, and this species also occurs in +Oita +. The Chinese material (from +Henan Province +) named as + +N. davidi koreana + +(MW069609–MW069622) in +Zhou et al. (2021) +should also be assigned to + +N. denticulata + +. + + +Levitt-Barmats et al. (2019) +reported the occurrence of “ + +N. denticulata + +” in +Israel +. According to the authors, the Israeli specimens are most probably + +N. denticulata + +, as they showed no sexual dimorphism in the third pereiopods. However, their +COI +sequences of +15 specimens +(MN336485–MN336499) from +Japan +( +Okayama +), cluster into two distinct clades, with +three specimens +belonging to + +N. denticulata + +and 12 belonging to + +N. +aff. +denticulata + +(results not shown). In our study, these two species have also been identified from +Okayama +( +Table 3 +). By including the longer Israeli +COI +sequences of + +Neocaridina + +( +Table 2 +) into our phylogenetic tree ( +Fig. 3 +), all samples clustered well within the clade of + +N. davidi + +, except for one (MN336458) from HaHula Nature Reserve, which belonged to + +N. denticulata + +. While this specimen may represent the first recorded introduction of + +N. denticulata + +outside its natural range ( +Japan +and possibly +China +), we cannot exclude the possibility of mislabelling. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/DD/76/56/DD765617330D596040C52393A390FC3B.xml b/data/DD/76/56/DD765617330D596040C52393A390FC3B.xml index c59874ec8c7..81741745841 100644 --- a/data/DD/76/56/DD765617330D596040C52393A390FC3B.xml +++ b/data/DD/76/56/DD765617330D596040C52393A390FC3B.xml @@ -1,50 +1,53 @@ - - - -Garypus sanasai Lin, Huang & Chang 2022, sp. nov. + + + +Garypus sanasai Lin, Huang & Chang 2022, sp. nov. - - -Author + + +Author -Vera, Alejandro -Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Chile. +Vera, Alejandro +Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Chile. - - -Author + + +Author -Prelo, Paula -Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Chile. +Prelo, Paula +Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Chile. -text - - -Zoological Studies +text + + +Zoological Studies - -2022 - -2022-08-15 + +2022 + +2022-08-15 - -61 + +61 - -37 + +37 - -1 -9 + +1 +9 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827626 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827626 -journal article -10.6620/ZS.2022.61-37 -1810-522X +journal article +10.6620/ZS.2022.61-37 +1810-522X +PMC9579953 +36330035 +12826540 @@ -63,48 +66,48 @@ 1895 ( -Figs. 1A +Figs. 1A , -2A–C +2A–C , -4A–B +4A–B , -5A–B +5A–B and -6A +6A ) Male: Tergum X depressed in the midline. Epiproct as a prominent triangular sheet, with acute apex; 1.5 times as long as tergum X ( -Fig. 2B +Fig. 2B ). Cercus cylindrical, slender, extended, sometimes with the distal half slightly dorsal, length 2.5–3.0 mm; apex rounded, with small subapical medial spine ( -Fig. 2A, B and C +Fig. 2A, B and C ). Paraproct with elongated trapezoidal dorsal lobe; ventral lobe small, as sclerotized tubercle. Subgenital plate elongated, posterior margin narrow, triangular emarginated; style cylindrical, elongated, 0.3 as long as cercus, length equal or greater to the distance between them ( -Fig. 2A +Fig. 2A ). Epiphallus with titillator sclerite (TS) apodemes rounded; middle keel ensiform, base with triangle not sclerotized, TS as long as middle keel ( -Fig. 4A +Fig. 4A ). Articulated titillatory processes elongated, three times as long as the width of sclerite TS; apex acute, dorsal curved, with abundant subapical spines ( -Fig. 4B +Fig. 4B ). Female: Ovipositor length 12–15 mm ; dorsal valvulae toothed on the first third; ventral valvulae with small basal process ( -Fig. 5B +Fig. 5B ). Subgenital plate transverse, posterior margin truncated, with two marginal processes rounded and folded forward ( -Fig. 5A +Fig. 5A ). Sternites II–VI with two parallel and rectangular plates, sternite VII with divergent plates (“V”). Genital chamber with spermathecal pore in its posterior margin. Spermatheca with spherical capsule, diameter 1.5–3 mm ; spermathecal duct wavy ( -Fig. 6A +Fig. 6A ), length 2.47–3.64 mm . - + Fig. 1. Live habitus of @@ -131,7 +134,7 @@ genera, females and males: A, . Scale bars = 10 mm. - + Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, @@ -153,7 +156,7 @@ Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, . A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm. - + Fig. 3. @@ -162,7 +165,7 @@ Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, male paraproct. A, ventral view; B, lateral view. Scale bars 1mm; arrows indicate ventral tubercle. - + Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, @@ -192,33 +195,33 @@ Karsch, 1891 ( -Figs. 1B +Figs. 1B , -2D–F +2D–F , -4C–D +4C–D , -5C–D +5C–D and -6B +6B ) Male: Tergum X depressed. Epiproct posterior margin rounded and dorsally folded; 0.3 as long as tergum X ( -Fig. 2E +Fig. 2E ). Cercus conical, wide, length 2.3–2.5 mm ; strongly curved towards the middle line with its apex sclerotized in a conical spine ( -Fig. 2D, E and F +Fig. 2D, E and F ). Paraproct dorsal lobe tongue-shaped, with round apex; ventral lobe small, as a sclerotized tubercle. Subgenital plate transverse, posterior margin wide, broadly emarginated; style absent ( -Fig. 2D +Fig. 2D ). Epiphallus with titillator sclerites (TS) apodemes truncated; middle keel not sclerotized; middle keel smaller than TS length ( -Fig. 4C +Fig. 4C ). Articulated titillatory processes smaller than the width of TS; apex rounded, laterally curved, with subapical spines rings ( -Fig. 4D +Fig. 4D ). - + Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, @@ -244,13 +247,13 @@ Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; Female: Ovipositor length 18–21 mm ; dorsal valvulae with small tooth on the second third; ventral valvulae with prominent basal process ( -Fig. 5D +Fig. 5D ). Subgenital plate transverse, posterior margin with medial triangle and two lateral tubercles ( -Fig. 5C +Fig. 5C ). Sternites II–VII with a transverse and rectangular plate, sternite VII with two posterior tubercles. Genital chamber with spermathecal pore in its anterior fold. Spermatheca with spherical capsule, diameter 1.8–2.5 mm ; spermathecal duct straight ( -Fig. 6B +Fig. 6B ), length 1.88–2.17 mm . @@ -265,33 +268,33 @@ Female: Ovipositor length ( -Figs. 1C +Figs. 1C , -2J–L +2J–L , -3A–B +3A–B , -4G–H -5E–F +4G–H +5E–F and -6C +6C ) Male: Tergum X convex. Epiproct posterior margin rounded or acute, as long as tergum X ( -Fig. 2K +Fig. 2K ). Cercus cylindrical, apex laterally flat, with dorsal apical spine, length 1.5–2.0 mm ( -Figs. 2J–L +Figs. 2J–L , -3B +3B ). Paraproct dorsal lobe with triangular-tongue shape; ventral lobe as a prominent cylindrical process ( -Fig. 3A, B +Fig. 3A, B ). Subgenital plate elongated, posterior margin narrow, triangular emarginated; style small, cylindrical, length equal to the distance between them ( -Fig. 2J +Fig. 2J ). Epiphallus with TS apodemes truncated; middle keel not sclerotized, with sclerotized scale-like microstructures; middle keel smaller than TS length ( -Fig. 4G +Fig. 4G ). Articulated titillatory processes smaller than width of TS; apex acute, dorsal curved, with few dorsal subapical spines ( -Fig. 4H +Fig. 4H ). @@ -300,11 +303,11 @@ Male: Tergum X convex. Epiproct posterior margin rounded or acute, as long as te Female: Ovipositor length 8–11 mm ; dorsal valvulae not toothed ( -Fig. 5F +Fig. 5F ); ventral valvulae with small basal process. Subgenital plate transverse, trapezoidal, divided in two obvious sclerites, posterior margin with U-shape emargination and prominent vertices; between them the margin of the ventral valvulae fits ( -Fig. 5E +Fig. 5E ). Sternites II–VII not sclerotized. Genital chamber with spermathecal pore in its posterior margin. Spermatheca with spherical capsule, diameter 1.3–2.0 mm; spermathecal duct small ( -Fig. 6C +Fig. 6C ), straight, length 0.16–0.58 mm . @@ -319,32 +322,32 @@ Female: Ovipositor length ( -Figs. 1D +Figs. 1D , -2G–I +2G–I , -4E–F +4E–F , -5G–H +5G–H and -6D +6D ) Male: Tergum X convex. Epiproct with posterior margin truncated or bilobed, as long as tergum X ( -Fig. 2H +Fig. 2H ). Cercus cylindrical, lightly dorsally curved, apex with small subapical medial spine length 1.3–1.8 mm ( -Figs. 2J–L +Figs. 2J–L , -3B +3B ). Paraproct with dorsal lobe thick rectangular; ventral lobe as small tubercle. Subgenital plate elongate, posterior margin narrow, triangular emarginated or truncated; style small, length equal to the distance between them ( -Fig. 2G +Fig. 2G ). Epiphallus with TS apodemes rounded; middle keel sclerotized, smooth; middle keel smaller than TS length ( -Fig. 4E +Fig. 4E ). Articulated titillatory processes smaller than width of TS; apex acute, dorsally curved, without subapical spines ( -Fig. 4F +Fig. 4F ). @@ -353,13 +356,13 @@ Male: Tergum X convex. Epiproct with posterior margin truncated or bilobed, as l Female: Ovipositor length 8–12 mm ; dorsal valvulae not toothed ( -Fig. 5H +Fig. 5H ); ventral valvulae with small basal process. Subgenital plate transverse, trapezoidal, posterior margin with quadrangular emargination, and two digitiform processes, between them the margin of the ventral valvulae fits ( -Fig. 5G +Fig. 5G ). Sternites II–VII not sclerotized. Genital chamber with spermathecal pore in the middle. Spermatheca with oval capsule, diameter 1.8–2.5 mm ; spermathecal duct small ( -Fig. 6D +Fig. 6D ), straight, length 1.2–1.47 mm . @@ -383,7 +386,7 @@ genera based on abdominal terminalia - + Fig. 6. Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A,