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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="EEE20D16579858D4137AFC89B1018369" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Melomys aerosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1374" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1374" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7ABD382925450F169B724440554A7BE5">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="F529A974CCD1FA7B9D9D304DBA96F093" ID-CoL="3ZMWH" authority="(Thomas 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis id="FD36036CEEC1C5FC63B730E065D4181D" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">Melomys aerosus</emphasis>
(Thomas 1920)
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<subSubSection id="479E724C34517EAF0E11F0C53C9F246B" pageNumber="1374" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2B172E674828999E9FB7D675A841F3A8" pageNumber="1374">
<treatmentCitation id="57FA062F69E011AEB60D9FF8E8276CC7" author="Thomas" authority="Thomas 1920" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="428" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aerosus" title="Uromys aerosus" volume="6" year="1920">
<taxonomicName id="FE26C0C63118D9B44CE19E067AE997EF" ID-CoL="7DXW2" authority="Thomas 1920" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis id="A5434661C884CFD41ED68283B3F0E044" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">[Uromys] aerosus</emphasis>
Thomas 1920
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="ADFD8EEF8C635BB5EBC4CC97D6FF6FA1" author="Thomas" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9" pageNumber="1374" pagination="428" title="Uromys aerosus" volume="6" year="1920">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 6: 428</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0A896A56690076B7DC8F424A57F8A25" pageNumber="1374" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="29BC65F1577428686369BD39CF7D0824" pageNumber="1374">
<emphasis id="E1DF0D01B32FF481B1F65EC82BDBCEBD" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1374">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="C8EFDAA5BD93A78D23398599A7C71067" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867324757" country="Indonesia" elevation="1830.0" pageNumber="1374">
<collectingCountry id="8421DFC3FA1D88869F08AB73124835F4" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Pulau Seram, Mt Manusela,
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(
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<elevation id="AF6F2E313DEBF2F60C7940A452FD3476">1830 m</elevation>
</quantity>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FE0C0419E2A15E37044EBF220DF4257" pageNumber="1374" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="40FC600CB319A5FB90016BD47D05EA9B" pageNumber="1374">
<emphasis id="B669FDED8416F8A9E482A0D6F1214BF8" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1374">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="36EA6EBCD8BA3CA30E3805DA8E5CBE04" language="eng" pageNumber="1374">Dusky Seram Melomys</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="51482CB7BFE9475C108AFA30DB8730EA" pageNumber="1374" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="06E8EB66A8231261AF7F40F976BDF5D8" pageNumber="1374">
<emphasis id="965F605602E829B172655CBF797D6622" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1374">Distribution:</emphasis>
Endemic to Seram Isl,
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BF1C794B4F87ECDE83ADA09F9FC16C69" pageNumber="1374" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C777E3DFD40741D0BA72EF8500CE447C" pageNumber="1374">
<emphasis id="A6B59DAEBD047D857652E9487EC1FFAA" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1374">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="520FCBB420D64C903E09D6BDA89176C5">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (nt).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94D43F87D7A0D4349A94B4AEF0247CC4" pageNumber="1374" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EA39D9359AF6978EE1C8ACA66CFD8C06" pageNumber="1374">
<emphasis id="A9857EE3C09BE723F75CF6361728E89B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1374">Discussion:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5979A7C68DD333F733A532120B4C7074" author="Tate, G. H. H." refId="ref347722" refString="Tate, G. H. H. 1951. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 65. The rodents of Australia and New Guinea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 97: 183 - 430." year="1951">Tate (1951:292)</bibRefCitation>
suggested a relationship between
<taxonomicName id="8082025FD9DE8C0331B60F43EE27169B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis id="46261C383E2A3C1840C46BFC2BF48A8B" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">M. aerosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the New
<collectingCountry id="0F69EC73424D97B8C0187CE571271784" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="257AFD64BEA94A2100B54D7305E41B8A" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levipes">
<emphasis id="3A85BC930BEA66B204435B362B4A9528" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">M. levipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, but cranial morphology indicates
<taxonomicName id="499F6DE738072126279725706F4852C7" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis id="C8C93B14C6F32962A76B45AA66DDCF66" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">M. aerosus</emphasis>
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to be more closely related to Australian species of
<taxonomicName id="612F162E126D0C4A1BBE33B1363ACB63" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1922" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1993867E77B9A6313DD3AF25A2924A0" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">Melomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially
<taxonomicName id="EA6036D5C8216468F0FDB20DF5B46287" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervinipes">
<emphasis id="04604762F627DA09ECEB62F3C23F25BB" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">M. cervinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, than to the endemic
<taxonomicName id="1E76A64B91197FAF9FF7EA86B898E305" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1922" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCED7CF9E5817953251702948AA2E3A9" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">Melomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of New
<collectingCountry id="8760AD21CBAC2929E3A4B91CE20583C3" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
(Mussers study of specimens in
<collectionCode id="8DFE807FBF265E189043CA04CEF194C0">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
<bibRefCitation id="A2EFA773640CEE724D54E8E1D9227A82" author="Menzies, J. I." refId="ref237943" refString="Menzies, J. I. 1996. A systematic revision of Melomys (Rodentia: Muridae) of New Guinea. Australian Journal of Zoology, 44: 367 - 426." year="1996">Menzies (1996:418)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="8E3892D4B4FAF94742631BBA072EBAEC" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis id="4A7EF32876FC2167AE9B9AF04AB6C5C6" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">M. aerosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;has the long incisive foramina characteristic of the
<taxonomicName id="A3E31F1E7496C09C2340822A79769B9D" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervinipes">
<emphasis id="4C8259B45D23A9FF7674C29C3D832F84" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">cervinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
division of
<taxonomicName id="657B88EC7470685E80D31EC6F691E219" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1922" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9B563019ECED1FD9599FFBC53D3E25D" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">Melomys</emphasis>
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&quot; but &quot;does not fit comfortably in any group&quot; Reviewed by Flannery (1995
<emphasis id="8652B65599953A9BA85439023EE00A16" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">a</emphasis>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="A656440A81F26D3224A061D258EC424C" author="Helgen, K. M." refId="ref146027" refString="Helgen, K. M. 2003 b. A review of the rodent fauna of Seram, Moluccas, with the description of a new subspecies of mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys rufescens paveli. Journal of Zoology, London, 261: 165 - 172." year="2003">
Helgen (2003
<emphasis id="A6811437E3C31AFA87F34AD01827CAB5" italics="true" pageNumber="1374">b</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="DE4A3254F1D4839F5DDA2A5022EC5BB3" ID-CoL="784C5" ID-ENA="1037304" authority="Grube, 1850" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1850" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Polycirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polycirrus medusa" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="20997" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="medusa">Polycirrus medusa Grube, 1850</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6193387C1BBD0CDBBD41C2B825B67ABB" pageId="0" pageNumber="20997" type="notes">
<paragraph id="0A7965CC4714510C69353ED187982FB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="20997">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="265C42B161906E8F4FB2FD91BC432732" pageId="0" pageNumber="20997">
Type locality: Mediterranean (neotype from Anse du Rouet, France). Specimens identified using the key and descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="26044160B04AF3B141AC1FB2E072255E" author="Holthe, T" journalOrPublisher="Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia" pageId="0" pageNumber="20997" pagination="1 - 194" title="PolychaetaTerebellomorpha" volume="7" year="1986">Holthe (1986)</bibRefCitation>
probably belong to other species (
<bibRefCitation id="F4AC34371D1034E6D4F1D66A1B0391F2" author="Glasby, Chris J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="20997" pagination="1 - 117" title="Revision of the taxonomy of Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (Annelida: Terebellida: Polycirridae)" volume="3877" year="2014">Glasby and Hutchings 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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1.
<taxonomicName id="72F13796CC76B8778DE7BA936B87A8A6" ID-CoL="3KHW" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:179075" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Oecodoma cephalotes (Linnaeus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">Oecodoma cephalotes</taxonomicName>
. Pl. X. figs. 21-23. B.M.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A35E3EA9CA993C61A033CD27414B0D8C" pageId="180" pageNumber="180" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="023DA8562926D1E99794E7027E8161EF" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">
<taxonomicName id="4E40C3A1D2DB554ADB4FF5B69935877D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:134296" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica cephalotes Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">Formica cephalotes, Lin. Syst.</taxonomicName>
Nat. i. 964. 15 [[worker]], major.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="841F7C45ADCC3ACE02C5E3D52C53E4DB" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">Fabr. Syst. Ent. 395. 22; Spec. Ins. i. 493. 31; Mant. i. 310. 38; Ent. Syst. ii. 362. 52.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D122A7A2718E58DAA0B3244FE727559" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">De Geer, Mem. Ins. iii. 604. 5. t. 31. f. 11 [[worker]].</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22EC95CACD51EF24A613BDB07CCF195B" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 499. 47.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C36E495A960C38FA0344382FD6C9889B" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">
Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 222. pt. 9. f. 57. A.
<taxonomicName id="196EC420E28024C6206B894F26EA9E22" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:134286" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica fervens Drury" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervens">Formica fervens, Drury</taxonomicName>
, Illust. Exot. Ins. iii. t. 42. f. 4 [[queen]].
<taxonomicName id="28CE6A10303C293CA2FD999F3687D2F6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:134291" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica migratoria DeGeer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="migratoria">Formica migratoria, Le Geer</taxonomicName>
, Ins. iii. 604. 5. t. 31. f. 11 [[worker]].
<taxonomicName id="4A455B3FA2F637F441AC4EABA8F5FC77" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:134287" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica grossa Fabricius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossa">Formica grossa, Oliv.</taxonomicName>
Encycl. Meth. vi. 499. 35 [[queen]]; Fabr. Ent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="040995F9D461A988A256BC6C9B50A373" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">
Syst. ii. 359. 40.
<taxonomicName id="8C3A08C89724A4DCC83ED12905D988F5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25936" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Atta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Atta cephalotes (Linnaeus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">Atta cephalotes, Fabr.</taxonomicName>
Syst. Piez. 421. 1 [[worker]].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1231797299DF36A8CFA600D06BE12DB8" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv. 124.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B9B65ED17448E26F3AEB4C2A751715E" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. iii. 422. 1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="026A443E004514031B96850FDCC19E53" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">Erichs. Faun, et Flo. Brit. Guiana, iii. 593. Madame Merian, tab. 18; Seba, iv. t. 99. f. 6.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B095572A1ACCD2A99AFDBE719166DAD" pageId="180" pageNumber="180" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F6C306EF63C3D5AA9B38061FBA031C05" pageId="180" pageNumber="180">Hab. Brazil; Mexico.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AF6F873A64E56957F7725DED124A8D3" pageId="181" pageNumber="181" type="description">
<paragraph id="777EB89A49A48A2E57B83F94179FB2BF" pageId="181" pageNumber="181">
<pageBreakToken id="474135D7529339B2CEEC40EC958B2059" pageId="181" pageNumber="181" start="start">&quot;</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName id="E4B53BE75134D594989609695881DDE5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:179075" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Oecodoma cephalotes (Linnaeus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">Oecodoma cephalotes</taxonomicName>
is the common species of the genus; it is abundant in light soils, and especially cultivated grounds. Its formicaria are very extensive and wholly subterraneous, the site being marked on the surface of the ground only by a mound of little elevation formed of earth, generally lighter in colour than the surrounding soil, raised in little ridges and turrets. The space occupied by the mound is always cleared of foliage; the entrances appear to be at a distance from the mounds, and con- sequently there must be a system of subterranean highways. The Oecodomae appear to be exclusively herbivorous, and, like the Cryptoceri, have no stings; what they do with the immense amount of cut leaves they are perpetually conveying to their abode it is impossible to divine. Probably they prepare food for the larvae from the leaves; but besides leaves and fruits, in- dividuals in the processions may be frequently seen conveying dried twigs and leaves, and in rare instances, dried fragments of insects; what they especially delight in is the dried grain of the Mandiocca meal, the general food of the inhabitants of this country. This insect, from its ubiquity, immense numbers, eternal industry, and its plundering propensities, becomes one of the most important animals in Brazil; its immense hosts are unceasingly occupied in defoliating trees, and those most relished by them are precisely the useful and cultivated kinds; they have regular divisions of labourers: numbers mount the trees and cut off the leaves in irregularly rounded pieces about the size of a shilling, another relay of labourers carry them off as they fall; sometimes these latter get behindhand with their work, and the fallen pieces accumulate to a great heap; such heaps used to puzzle me when I met with them on first arriving in this country. I had thought
<taxonomicName id="156A298931AFA3DDAA8FD454433318B2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147149" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Oecodoma Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oecodoma</taxonomicName>
exclusively herbivorous, but I ou one occasion surprised one dragging off the dead body of a fine Lamia nearly an inch long.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74969C3A0670654F3A98F3F0DF2B177F" pageId="181" pageNumber="181">
The following remarks apply to the workers of the species which appears to be the
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of authors; they certainly apply to that species of this catalogue: -
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E396D99FCE0EC56C8C559A31489F6A74" pageId="181" pageNumber="181" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FF93CA2226CE8B7A1120330D589848F3" pageId="181" pageNumber="181">&quot; I send you all the different sizes of this species taken from the formicarium. The medium-sized individuals were occupied in cutting pieces of leaf of the size of a sixpence. The minute individuals were few in number at the leaf-cutting operations, but were in vast numbers about the entrance to the dome of the formicarium: the very large-headed ones were not engaged in leaf-cutting, nor were they to be seen in the processions; they were only to be seen on disturbing the nest.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19669031141AD45A806CE8EF4D66EDE8" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="181" pageNumber="181">&quot; I had observed during several months the workers of this species, at a place in the forest, occupied in cutting pieces of the foliage of trees, and always crossing the pathway in the same direction along a fallen tree. I at length determined to trace the procession through the jungle to their formicarium; this I soon discovered; it was very different in appearance and much inferior in size to the vast mounds thrown up by the species found at Para and Santarem (E. cephalotes?). The dome of the nest of this species is only about a foot in diameter, and about the same in height; it is formed of light earth, matted and thatched as it were with pieces of leaves which the workers cut and carry. I watched the heavily-laden fellows as they came trooping in, and found they all deposited their load in a heap close to the mound. I then searched for the entrance to the interior; I found, after removing a little of the surface, three burrows, each about an inch in diameter; half a foot downwards all three united in one tubular burrow, about four inches in diameter; to the bottom of this I could not reach when I probed with a stick to the depth of four or five feet. The tube of the main burrow was perfectly smooth, and covered with a vast number of workers of much smaller size than those occupied in conveying the leaves: these minute individuals were unmixed with any of the larger size. Afterwards, on probing lower into the burrow, up came, one by one, several gigantic fellows, out of all proportion larger than the largest of those at work outside, and which I could not have supposed to belong to the same species. Besides the greatly enlarged size of the head, the sculpture of the body is very dif- ferent, and what struck me as very curious, they have an ocellus in the middle of the forehead; this latter feature, added to their startling appearance from the cavernous depths of the formi- carium, gave them quite a Cyclopean character. There are, however, individuals intermediate in size between these and the other workers.&quot;</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6D014836D7D75CD4D7E254DFAFA93F70" pageId="182" pageNumber="182" type="description">
<paragraph id="593BD4C85788B8A8EC92F73E6D1844D0" pageId="182" pageNumber="182">
<pageBreakToken id="58912E66983BE986C8DA7689EC40DBF4" pageId="182" pageNumber="182" start="start">An</pageBreakToken>
examination of the workers collected by Mr. Bates shows, that although the smaller workers differ in size, from two-tenths of an inch to five-tenths, yet none of these have an ocellus in the forehead, and the larger individuals having an ocellus scarcely differ among themselves in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9AAA0CFEED767CAC48BB1C8B83B57880" pageId="182" pageNumber="182">
The large worker of this species may be known from that of
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, by having an ocellus, a more polished head, and by having the mandibles of the same colour as the head, with the teeth black;
<taxonomicName id="1F4C4C560CD97580CF88EF67B7E6738B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:192113" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Oecodoma sexdentata (Latreille)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="182" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentata">Oe. sexdentata</taxonomicName>
has the anterior margin of the face and the mandibles blackish-brown or black; the colour of the mandibles alone will serve to separate the small workers.
</paragraph>
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12.
<taxonomicName LSID="EEE29438-552F-5584-ACDB-7AF0637A0ED9" authority="(Bruch ex De Not.) J. R. Spence" authorityName="(Bruch ex De Not.) J. R. Spence" class="Bryopsida" family="Bryaceae" genus="Rosulabryum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rosulabryum torquescens" order="Bryales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="torquescens">Rosulabryum torquescens (Bruch ex De Not.) J.R. Spence</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks.</paragraph>
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A widespread warm temperate to subtropical species in the northern hemisphere, Africa, Australasia and South America (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7751/telopea13056" author="Spence, JR" journalOrPublisher="Telopea" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="99 - 134" refId="B27" refString="Spence, JR, Ramsay, HP, 2019. Revised keys and additions to the Australian Bryaceae (Bryopsida). Telopea 22: 99 - 134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7751/telopea13056" title="Revised keys and additions to the Australian Bryaceae (Bryopsida)." url="https://doi.org/10.7751/telopea13056" volume="22" year="2019">Spence and Ramsay 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Although there are few collections from Chile, the species is likely to be common in the Mediterranean-climate regions of the country as far south as Los Lagos. It is found on soil, soil over rock and occasionally wood, including burnt wood, generally in exposed areas, often along road cuts. It is characterized by synoicous or rarely autoicous sexual condition, rosulate stems, medium-sized leaves that are irregularly contorted when dry, a costa excurrent in a medium to long awn, strong limbidium, serrate distal leaf margins, and scarlet, bright red to orange rhizoidal tubers (Illustrations:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1973.7.3.265" author="Syed, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Bryology" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="265 - 326" refId="B28" refString="Syed, H, 1973. A taxonomic study of Bryum capillare Hedw. and related species. Journal of Bryology 7 (3): 265 - 326, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1973.7.3.265" title="A taxonomic study of Bryum capillare Hedw. and related species." url="https://doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1973.7.3.265" volume="7" year="1973">Syed 1973</bibRefCitation>
, 308 as
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Bryum torquescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
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: 347, as
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Bryaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="R. torquescens" order="Bryales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="torquescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">R. torquescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hallingbaeck, T" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" refId="B5" refString="Hallingbaeck, T, Loennell, N, Weibull, H, 2008. Nationalnyckeln till Serviges flora och fauna: Bladmossor: Kompaktmossor-kapmossor. Bryophyta: Anoectangium - Orthodontium. Art Bata Banken, SLU, Uppsala, 1-504." title="Nationalnyckeln till Serviges flora och fauna: Bladmossor: Kompaktmossor-kapmossor. Bryophyta: Anoectangium - Orthodontium. Art Bata Banken, SLU, Uppsala, 1 - 504." year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hallingbäck">Hallingbaeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 350, as
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. torquescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="torquescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B. torquescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Lueth, M" journalOrPublisher="Bryologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" refId="B10" refString="Lueth, M, 2019. Mosses of Europe. A Photographic Flora. Vol. 3. M. Lueth Publications, Freiburg, Germany, 844-1533." title="Mosses of Europe. A Photographic Flora. Vol. 3. M. Lueth Publications, Freiburg, Germany, 844 - 1533." year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lüth">Lueth</normalizedToken>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
: 939 as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ros &amp; Mazimpaka" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Bruch &amp; Schimp." class="Bryopsida" family="Bryaceae" genus="Ptychostomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ptychostomum torquescens" order="Scuticociliatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="torquescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Ptychostomum torquescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Holyoak, DT" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" refId="B6" refString="Holyoak, DT, 2021. European Bryaceae. A Guide to the Species of the Moss Family Bryaceae in Western &amp; Central Europe and Macaronesia. Pisces Publications, Newberry, Berkshire, UK, 1-344." title="European Bryaceae. A Guide to the Species of the Moss Family Bryaceae in Western &amp; Central Europe and Macaronesia. Pisces Publications, Newberry, Berkshire, UK, 1 - 344." year="2021">Holyoak 2021</bibRefCitation>
: 257, as
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torquescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="torquescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">P. torquescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-10-19" collectingDateMax="2003-02-02" collectingDateMin="2001-10-19" collectorName="de Ancud, J. Larrain, R. R., G. Bellolio" country="Ireland" county="Compania Manufacturera de Papeles" elevation="300" latitude="-36.933334" location="Los Lagos Region" longLatPrecision="1184" longitude="-73.15" municipality="Quemado" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEE29438552F5584ACDB7AF0637A0ED9:9098C76B305426E5E027465FFF677181" country="Ireland" county="Compania Manufacturera de Papeles" latitude="-36.933334" longLatPrecision="1184" longitude="-73.15" municipality="Quemado" name="Los Lagos Region">Los Lagos Region</location>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEE29438552F5584ACDB7AF0637A0ED9:C817EAA6B5926439979AD099B3F76FE4" country="Ireland" county="Compania Manufacturera de Papeles" latitude="-36.933334" longLatPrecision="1184" longitude="-73.15" municipality="Quemado" name="Chiloe">Chiloe</location>
</normalizedToken>
, communa
<collectorName>de Ancud</collectorName>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEE29438552F5584ACDB7AF0637A0ED9:CBDCA40E1DFB3193130FD178BE06B9FD" country="Ireland" county="Compania Manufacturera de Papeles" latitude="-36.933334" longLatPrecision="1184" longitude="-73.15" municipality="Quemado" name="Estacion Biologica Senda Darwin">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Senda Darwin
</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEE29438552F5584ACDB7AF0637A0ED9:4A912959D7EA256C88E02151FB7432C5" country="Ireland" county="Compania Manufacturera de Papeles" latitude="-36.933334" longLatPrecision="1184" longitude="-73.15" municipality="Quemado" name="Al">Al</location>
fondo de al &quot;ciudad de los Muertos&quot;,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEE29438552F5584ACDB7AF0637A0ED9:77E23AD80828EFF8ABD76497E1CE3A79" country="Ireland" county="Compania Manufacturera de Papeles" latitude="-36.933334" longLatPrecision="1184" longitude="-73.15" municipality="Quemado" name="Sobre">Sobre</location>
tronco caido ed bosque
<collectingMunicipality>Quemado</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-41.866665">41°52'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.65">73°39'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<collectorName>
J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Larraín">Larrain</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
23424
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="2003-02-02">2 Feb. 2003</collectingDate>
(CONC): Region VIII, Prov. Concepcion, Park &quot;Jorge Alessandri&quot; (
<collectingCounty>Compania Manufacturera de Papeles</collectingCounty>
y Cartones), on soil in clearing,
<geoCoordinate degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-36.933334">36°56'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.15">73°09'W</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="345.0" valueMax="490.0" valueMin="200.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="345.0" valueMax="490.0" valueMin="200.0">200-490 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<collectorName name="R Rodriguez">R.R.</collectorName>
<collectingCountry name="Ireland">Ireland</collectingCountry>
&amp;
<collectorName>G. Bellolio</collectorName>
32819
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="2001-10-19">19 Oct. 2001</collectingDate>
(MO)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>