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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2496" ID-PMC="PMC3254247" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-8-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF97FFC5FFDC5070FFD2955B9B13FFB6" ID-PubMed="22287928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576105" ModsDocID="1314-2003-8-13" checkinTime="1451252078998" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Konrat, Matt von, Lange, Peter de, Greif, Matt, Strozier, Lynika, Hentschel, Joern &amp; Heinrichs, Jochen" docDate="2012" docId="EE43050FC033638785FB27B13E1A79D8" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 8: 13-36" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 8" docPubDate="2012-01-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2496" docTitle="Frullania knightbridgei von Konrat &amp; de Lange 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF97FFC5FFDC5070FFD2955B9B13FFB6" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FF97FFC5FFDC5070FFD2955B9B13FFB6" masterDocTitle="Frullania knightbridgei, a new liverwort (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta) species from the deep south of Aotearoa-New Zealand based on an integrated evidence-based approach" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668141980728" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Frullania knightbridgei, a new liverwort (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta) species from the deep south of Aotearoa-New Zealand based on an integrated evidence-based approach</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Konrat, Matt von</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605 - 2496, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mvonkonrat@fieldmuseum.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lange, Peter de</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecosystems and Species Unit, Department of Conservation, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Greif, Matt</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605 - 2496, USA &amp; Biology Department, Wilbur Wright College, 4300 N. Narragansett, Chicago, IL, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Strozier, Lynika</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605 - 2496, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hentschel, Joern</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic Botany with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University, Fuerstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Heinrichs, Jochen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-01-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>8</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>13</mods:start>
<mods:end>36</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2496</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2496</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-8-13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF97FFC5FFDC5070FFD2955B9B13FFB6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576105</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152027091" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE43050FC033638785FB27B13E1A79D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE43050FC033638785FB27B13E1A79D8" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName LSID="EE43050F-C033-6387-85FB-27B13E1A79D8" authority="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityName="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Frullania knightbridgei" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei" status="sp. nov.">Frullania knightbridgei von Konrat &amp; de Lange</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Variation in characters associated with the leaf-lobe oil bodies and leaf-lobule anatomy (A, B, E Frullania knightbridgei; C, D, F Frullania rostrata) A Oil bodies of the median region of the leaf-lobe, very large, (1) 2 - (3) per cell, collectively occupying over 75 % of the cell lumen B Oil bodies of basal cells, a characteristic group of basal ocelli, each ocellus almost occupying the entire cell lumen C Oil bodies of median cells, 2 - 3 per cell, collectively occupying very small area of cell lumen, lacking any significant ornamentation and appearing as almost homogeneous oil droplets D Oil bodies of basal cells, 3 - 5 per cell E Semi straight cell walls toward apex leaf-lobule F Flexuose cell walls towards apex of leaf lobule. Scale bars A, B = 15 µm; C-F = 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9983" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Frullania knightbridgei A, B Main stem, ventral view. A Main stem and lateral branches, lobules subparallel in relation to the stem and occupying ca. 25 % of the exposed surface of the dorsal lobe B iIllustrating terminal position of the gynoecium with 2 subfloral branches immediately below C Bicoloured leaf-lobules D Initial branching appendages E Median cells of the leaf-lobe with subequally thickened cell walls F Basal cells of the leaf-lobe. Scale bars A = 200 µm; B = 500 µm; C, D = 50 µm; E, F = 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9988" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">-7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Frullania rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hook.f. &amp; Taylor) Hook.f. &amp; Taylor ex Gottsche et al., but differing by the presence of large oil bodies that occupy almost the entire lumen of the basal and median cells of the leaf lobe, and the often bicoloured lobules, which usually lie almost parallel to the stem. The leaf lobule cell walls of
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinctly semi-straight toward the lobule apex whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Frullania rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the cell walls are distinctly flexuose toward the lobule apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
New Zealand: Stewart Island: Rakiura/Stewart Island National Park, 500 m. from North Arm Hut, on bark of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Dracophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Dracophyllum longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overhanging water on margin of Patterson Inlet, canopy of stunted
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Dacrydium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Mytilida" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cupressinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Dacrydium cupressinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cav" authorityYear="1797" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Metrosideros umbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="24" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
Near sea level,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-46.881943">46°52'55&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="168" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="04" value="168.01778">168°01'04&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 12 Dec 1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Metrosideros von Konrat 99/12-09</emphasis>
(holotype AK; isotypes CHR, F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
Plants small to medium (main shoots to 600
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide), forming olive-green, copper-brown, to black patches, closely to loosely adhering to substrate. Leading stem 15-25 mm long and to 90µm in diameter, 6-9 cells wide, little differentiation between cortical cells (18-24 in no.) and medullary cells (14-28 in no.), the former often slightly smaller than the latter, both with firm walls, lumen irregularly shaped. Branching often regularly pinnate, occasionally bipinnate to rarely tripinnate, branches with progressively smaller leaves;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raddi" authorityYear="1818" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Frullania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type branching. First branch underleaf
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="25" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
BUL1) always with three distinct segments, the ventral lamina divided for 1/3-2/3 its length into two unequally or subequally sized lobes + 1 dorsal saccate lobe; First branch leaf (BL1)usually
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
characteristic of normal stem leaves (i.e. 1 explanate
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="26" start="start">dorsal</pageBreakToken>
lobe + 1 saccate lobule + 1 stylus). Stemleavesof main branchflat when dry and wet, slightly imbricate to contiguous, suborbicular to broadly ovate, to 375
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
350
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide with incurved distal margins, dorsal margins extending beyond the farther edge of the stem, rounded apices, non-auriculate and
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
subtruncate at the base, entire margins, smooth dorsal surface. Lobules remote from the stem (lobule attached to stem by 3-4 cells) and usually almost parallel with the stem so that the long axis of the lobule is
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
parallel with the main stem (or at most lobules at angles of up to ca. 25° with the stem so that lobules only very slightly tilted outwards); lobules often bicoloured with the basal 2-5 cells towards the mouth (up to 0.25 of the lobule) hyaline to subhyaline, in contrast to the olive-green to brown pigmentation elsewhere; cylindrically helmet-shaped (orbicular in cross-section with up to 25 cells in circumference); lobules
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
medium (lobule area obscuring no more than 0.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the exposed area of the dorsal lobe), ca. 1.75-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
long as wide, 110-200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
60-100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide (up to 12-14 cells high
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-8 cells wide);
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
equally inflated throughout (so that the sides of the lobule are
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
parallel), the opening wide, extending only slightly along the abaxial lobule margin; ca. 2/3 from lobule apex there is usually a
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
discoloured, gibbous, cell (the free margin of the cell with a heavily thickened wall); mouth nearest the stylus, truncate at base then cells with septa between adjacent cells
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
swollen, the mouth thus then becoming crenulate-sinuate; lobule usually hyaline near mouth, lobule apex obtuse, surface of lobule smooth. Stylus medium in size (1/3-2/3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of the lobule),
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
triangular, up to 60
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, (4) 5-6 (7) cells wide at base, (10) 12-24 (30) cells in total, occasionally with a poorly developed slime papilla at the apex.Underleaves of leading stems bilobed, obovate to rotundate, at most only contiguous with lobules, underleaves contiguous to distant from each other, usually long as wide, occasionally slightly longer than wide, (2) 2.5-3.5 (4)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the stem in width, to 100-175
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100-150
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, broadest at middle, free lateral margins always entire; apex of underleaf bilobed to 1/3-
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
its length, lobes separated by a V-shaped sinus, the lobes 9-14 cells wide at base and with blunt to subacute or rounded apices. Rhizoid-initial area present near base of underleaf, rhizoids often seen, subhyaline, in bundles, to 400
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long. Not strictly microphyllous, lobules of secondary stems
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
similar size to main stem, but lobes and underleaves of secondary branches slightly smaller than those of leading stems.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">
Leaf-lobe: to 20 cells long, from base to apex, by 35 cells at widest region; with a band of conspicuously enlarged cells originating from the lobe base and extending out towards the lobe apex 10-12 cells, and up to 6 cells wide at the widest region. Lobe marginal cells
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
rectangular to subquadrate, small to 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, hyaline walls subequally thickened, cell cavities brownish red. Cells of the middle region of the lobe are
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
dimorphic in size; Type One [see below]: 4-6 rows of median cells, cells to 30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
22.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide (usually 2-2.75
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
long as wide), thus similar in size to basal cells; Type Two [see below]: cells gradually becoming reduced in size (median cells to 15
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, usually 1.25-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
long as wide, between central band of enlarged cells and lobe margin). Both cell types usually pentagonal or hexagonal, hyaline walls subequally thickened, intermediate thickening rare to absent, wall thickness
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="27" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
2.75
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, cell cavities of median cells brownish red. Cells becoming gradually larger basally, cavities of the basal cells to 40
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide; walls of basal cells with small indistinct trigones and semi-straight walls without any intermediate thickenings, walls and cavities brownish red. Median cells of underleaves vary in shape and size, cells with heavily equally-thickened walls so that the hyaline trigones and intermediate thickenings become indistinct. Median cells oflobule as long as wide or slightly longer than wide, cell cavities to 14
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide; cells near lobule mouth, irregular in shape with flexuose walls, indistinct trigones and occasional small nodulose intermediate thickenings; towards the lobule apex, cells gradually becoming more regular in shape, quadrate to rectangular and the cell walls becoming semi-straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
Oil bodies of lobe median cells dimorphic. Type One: (1)2(3) per cell, very large, occasionally spherical (2) 3-7 (9)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diam. but usually ovoid or ellipsoidal (5) 6-11 (13)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(4) 5-10 (12)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, finely granular, occurs from basal cells through to central region of the lobe, occupying 3/4 to almost the entire cell lumen. Type One oil bodies larger than chloroplasts (if chloroplasts present at all). Type Two: 2-3 (4) oil bodies per cell, typically small, spherical (1) 2-4 (5)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diam. to ovoid or ellipsoidal (2) 3-5 (6)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(1) 2-3 (4)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, subhyaline, without any significant, visible, internal structure i.e. giving the appearance of being almost homogeneous; these oil bodies often similar in size or slightly smaller than chloroplasts, occasionally slightly larger than chloroplasts. Oil bodies of lobule and underleaf of Type One. Asexual reproductionnot recognized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
Plants dioecious, male plants slightly smaller than female plants. Androecia subspherical to spicate, 2-4 (6) pairs of bracts, terminal, usually on very short-stalked branches arising from the main stem, or occasionally from secondary branches (stalk with (1) 2-3 (4) vegetative leaf lobes). Gynoecia terminal on main or leading stem often bearing a subfloral innovation arising 3-4 bract-pair cycles back from the perianth or gynoecia. Innermost bract unequally bilobed; bract-lobe, lobule and innermost bracteole all with entire margins. Bract-lobe ovate to oblong, narrowed toward the rounded or subacute-acute apex, bract-lobule ovate-lanceolate, subacute; innermost bracteole free from bracts, oblong-ovate to oblong-obovate, ca. 1/2 bilobed, lobes convex-sided, subacute at apex, entire margins. Marginal cells of bract and bracteole
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
subequally thickened, but towards the median cells, trigones becoming large and bulging. One archegonium per gynoecium. Perianth freely emergent, 900
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, perianth plicate, 1-2 dorsal keels + 2 lateral keels + 1-2 ventral keels, smooth surface, oblong-ovate, tapering towards the apex into a short beak; perianth beak cylindrical, with a smooth mouth but the inner beak surface densely covered with large single-celled protuberances.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
Walls of epidermal layer of capsule wall nodular where the lobes extend irregularly for a short distance over the tangential face toward the centre of the cell and have intermediate thickenings near the middle of the longer walls. Spores globose, 35-45
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
at widest axis, spore wall papillae densely distributed, equatorial face interspersed with 8-10 rosettes, 2.5-3
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide in the equatorial diameter, bearing a ring of 7-10 conspicuous primary projections, 0.75-1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide at base (often
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="28" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
a 1.5-2:1 length to width ratio), tapering gradually to a rounded apex, never papillate or bearing secondary short branches.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9987" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on twig, Auckland Island. (Coll.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">CommonC893B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9988" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">A, B</emphasis>
Main stem, ventral view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
Main stem and lateral branches, lobules subparallel in relation to the stem and occupying ca. 25% of the exposed surface of the dorsal lobe
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">B</emphasis>
iIllustrating terminal position of the gynoecium with 2 subfloral branches immediately below
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
Bicoloured leaf-lobules
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">D</emphasis>
Initial branching appendages
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
Median cells of the leaf-lobe with subequally thickened cell walls
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">F</emphasis>
Basal cells of the leaf-lobe. Scale bars A = 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; B = 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; C,D = 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; E, F = 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
The species epithet
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">knightbridgei</emphasis>
is named in honour and memory of an esteemed New Zealand conservation botanist and ecologist, Phil (Philip) Ian Knightbridge (1969-2011) who passed away in April 2011. This southern species of Aotearoa-New Zealand is a small tribute to Phil by the senior authors who knew him as a colleague and friend.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
This species is currently known from only four collections; two from the shore margin of Paterson Inlet, Stewart Island and two from the Auckland Islands.
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably has a more extensive distribution than is currently known and it is quite likely that it resides unrecognized in New Zealand herbaria filed as a form of
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, it would appear that
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of southern distribution and it would be interesting to see if the distribution extends south to the Campbell Islands of the New Zealand botanical region; further field work is required to establish if the species grows on the other two main islands of the New Zealand archipelago, North and South Islands, it should for example be looked for along the Fiordland and Foveaux Strait coastline of the southern South Island. Note the type of
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Hattori" authorityYear="1986" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pseudomeyeniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania pseudomeyeniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a high elevation taxon at 1,100 m whereas the New Zealand taxon is seemingly restricted to or near the shoreline or low elevation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is noteworthy in comparison with the majority of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raddi" authorityYear="1818" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in New Zealand for it appears to be a salt tolerant species. This is clearly evident in Stewart Island/Rakiura where
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat &amp; de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was growing on twigs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Labillardiere" authorityYear="1800" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Dracophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Dracophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
immediately adjacent the shoreline, at a height of about 50 cm above the sea. It was evident that for at least some periods of the year, this represented a harsh coastal environment where significant exposure to salt spray from violent wave action would be common.Elsewhere,
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania ericoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reportedly develops in rock crevices exposed to sea in the Madeiran archipelago (
<bibRefCitation author="Sim-Sim, M" journalOrPublisher="Portugaliae Acta Biologica (ser B)" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" pagination="147 - 172" refId="B28" refString="Sim-Sim, M, Sergio, C, 1992. Estudo taxonomico e corologico do genero Frullania Raddi no Arquipelago da Madeira. Portugaliae Acta Biologica (ser B) 16: 147 - 172" title="Estudo taxonomico e corologico do genero Frullania Raddi no Arquipelago da Madeira." volume="16" year="1992">Sim-Sim and Sergio 1992</bibRefCitation>
), and
<bibRefCitation author="Schuster, RM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" refId="B27" refString="Schuster, RM, 1992. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America east of the hundredth meridian. Vol. V. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago." title="The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America east of the hundredth meridian. Vol. V. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago." year="1992">Schuster (1992)</bibRefCitation>
reported a variety of
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="kunzei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania kunzei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
growing in mature mangrove swamp forest where salt spray and even rare submersion was possible. The high rainfall of the region, providing fresh water, is possibly a critical factor as
<bibRefCitation author="Engel ,, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" pagination="29 - 35" refId="B5" refString="Engel,, JJ, Schuster, RM, 1973. On some tidal zone Hepaticae from South Chile, with comments on marine dispersal. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 100: 29 - 35" title="On some tidal zone Hepaticae from South Chile, with comments on marine dispersal." volume="100" year="1973">Engel and Schuster (1973)</bibRefCitation>
described for tidal zone liverworts in southern Chile. Interestingly however,
<bibRefCitation author="Engel ,, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" pagination="29 - 35" refId="B5" refString="Engel,, JJ, Schuster, RM, 1973. On some tidal zone Hepaticae from South Chile, with comments on marine dispersal. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 100: 29 - 35" title="On some tidal zone Hepaticae from South Chile, with comments on marine dispersal." volume="100" year="1973">Engel and Schuster (1973)</bibRefCitation>
noted for Stewart Island a notable &quot;lack of any Hepaticae in the intertidal zone where sea spray is a factor&quot;. At least in the New Zealand botanical region, it is clear this is a habitat area that has traditionally been underexplored for liverworts. It would also be interesting to perform glasshouse experiments to investigate test the extent of salt tolerance in these organisms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="28" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Paratypes:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
Stewart Island: Rakiura/Stewart Island National Park, 500 m. from North Arm Hut, on bark of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Dracophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Dracophyllum longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">longifolium</emphasis>
overhanging water on margin of Patterson Inlet, canopy of stunted
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Dacrydium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Mytilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cupressinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Dacrydium cupressinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cav" authorityYear="1797" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Metrosideros umbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 12 Dec 1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">M. von Konrat 99/12-10</emphasis>
(AK, F); Auckland Island: Open
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Oreobolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Oreobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cushion and
<taxonomicName genus="Chionocloa" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Chionocloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tussock with scattered groves of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Metrosideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, above Ranui Cove,
<geoCoordinate degrees="50" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-50.536667">50°32'12&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="166.27333">166°16'24&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 11 Dec 1972,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">R. Common C893B</emphasis>
(CHR, F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

152
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<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809622C72FF3CF9EFFE960664" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF3CF9EFFE630602" blockId="4.[151,494,1544,1604]" box="[151,494,1544,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<heading id="3D1D0F6F09622C72FF3CF9EFFE630602" bold="true" box="[151,494,1544,1570]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" reason="1">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FF3CF9EFFE630602" bold="true" box="[151,494,1544,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009622C72FF3CF9EFFE290602" ID-CoL="89WYV" box="[151,420,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulisterna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FF3CF9EFFE290602" bold="true" box="[151,420,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Albistyla spatulisterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FADD96A09622C72FE07F9EFFE630602" box="[428,494,1544,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF3CF9CCFE960664" blockId="4.[151,494,1544,1604]" box="[151,283,1579,1604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Figs. 10–15</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809622C73FF3CF994FBD00144" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="description">
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF3CF994FED50690" blockId="4.[151,1437,1651,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FF3CF994FEA406AC" bold="true" box="[151,297,1651,1676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Description.</emphasis>
Abdomen: Syntergite 1+2 very large,
<date id="12549EC309622C72FD7CF994FD7406AB" box="[727,761,1651,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">4X</date>
length of T3, with a large pale anteromedial area and a dark posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF6CF95CFED507D4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1651,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
Male abdomen (
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609622C72FE2CF95CFD9806F3" box="[391,533,1723,1748]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,205,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1454]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Albistyla spatulisterna male abdomen. 11, segments 4 – 8 ventral; 12, terminalia left lateral; 13, phallus and associated structures left lateral; 14, epandrium and surstyli posterior. Abbreviations: S 4 – 5, sternites 4 – 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224477/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Figs. 11–14</figureCitation>
): S4 large, subquadrate, with a posteromedial patch of setulae. S5 anteriorly produced into a broad apodeme almost as large as S4 and normally retracted under (dorsal to) S4. Posterior margin of S5 complex, each side with a single large bristle and a spatulate process with three lobes as follows: outer lobes broad ventrally setulose and continuous with dark edges of sternite; middle lobes prominent, dark and continuing medially to form an almost continuous U-shaped sclerite; inner lobes relatively small and inconspicuous, tuberculate, setose and projecting ventrally. Basiphallus elongate-triangular with a broadly rounded epiphallus; distiphallus very short, tubular; lightly sclerotized but spinulose along distal margin. Postgonite with a large anterobasal prominence articulating with a very small pregonite, distal part of postgonite strongly tapered and turned anteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309632C73FF6CFF70FBD00144" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Female abdomen: T7 and T8 shortened dorsomedially and with bristles only at posterior margin; T8 ventrally extended and expanded, forming bare, shining posteroventral lobes. T10 greatly reduced, membranous and without bristles. Posterior margin of S7 convex and weakly bilobed; S8 hyaline, transverse and with a transverse row of 4 small equal bristles. S10 densely setulose, without bristles. Cercus very short and rounded, no longer than broad, with 4 short bristles. Spermathecae acorn-shaped, with a funnel-shaped base and rounded apex; ducts with a Ushaped bend just beyond base, sclerotized part as long as spermathecal body (Fig. 10).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="6655B80309632C73FF3CF89FFF4907EC" blockId="5.[151,1435,1912,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="549E641109632C73FF3CF89FFEB707AE" bold="true" box="[151,314,1912,1935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">FIGURES 6–8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009632C73FEE9F89EFE6307AE" box="[322,494,1913,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
<emphasis id="549E641109632C73FEE9F89EFE6307AE" box="[322,494,1913,1934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Albistyla occulta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male abdomen. 6, ventral; 7, sternite 5; 8, phallus and associated structures left lateral, with hypandrium.
<emphasis id="549E641109632C73FE8BF870FE1A078C" bold="true" box="[288,407,1943,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Figs. 9–10:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009632C73FE34F87FFE77078D" box="[415,506,1944,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109632C73FE34F87FFE77078D" box="[415,506,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Albistyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females, spermathecae. 9,
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009632C73FCBFF87FFCF0078D" box="[788,893,1944,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
<emphasis id="549E641109632C73FCBFF87FFCF0078D" box="[788,893,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. occulta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 10,
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009632C73FC1FF87FFBDA078D" box="[948,1111,1944,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulisterna">
<emphasis id="549E641109632C73FC1FF87FFBDA078D" box="[948,1111,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. spatulisterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Abbreviations: S3–5, sternites 3–5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3295E88B09602C70FF3CFA24FB4C05D9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224477/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" targetBox="[154,1427,205,1440]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="6655B80309602C70FF3CFA24FB4C05D9" blockId="6.[151,1435,1475,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="549E641109602C70FF3CFA24FEDE05F9" bold="true" box="[151,339,1475,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">FIGURES 11–14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009602C70FEF1FA23FDB205F9" box="[346,575,1476,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulisterna">
<emphasis id="549E641109602C70FEF1FA23FDB205F9" box="[346,575,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Albistyla spatulisterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male abdomen. 11, segments 4–8 ventral; 12, terminalia left lateral; 13, phallus and associated structures left lateral; 14, epandrium and surstyli posterior. Abbreviations: S4–5, sternites 4–5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809602C70FF6CF9C7FAFF06E8" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6655B80309602C70FF6CF9C7FB49067D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1568,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="549E641109602C70FF6CF9C7FEF60619" bold="true" box="[199,379,1568,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
<typeStatus id="B95106A109602C70FF6CF9C7FE8F0619" box="[199,258,1568,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="B95106A109602C70FE23F9C7FE7D0619" box="[392,496,1568,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(♂,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609602C70FD9BF9C7FDFB0618" box="[560,630,1568,1592]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y350-djvc" name="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">INBC</collectionCode>
, debu00104368) and two
<typeStatus id="B95106A109602C70FC1AF9C6FB900619" box="[945,1053,1569,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(♂, ♀
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609602C70FBD4F9C7FB5C0618" box="[1151,1233,1568,1592]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">DEBU</collectionCode>
):
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309602C70FB42F9C7FA140618" box="[1257,1433,1568,1592]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
. Cartago, Tapantí National Park,
<quantity id="A11215E609602C70FDAAF9A3FDDC067D" box="[513,593,1604,1629]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550m</quantity>
, pans in fallen tree,
<date id="12549EC309602C70FC99F9A3FC56067C" box="[818,987,1604,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1999-10-07" valueMax="1999-10-12" valueMin="1999-10-07">7–12.Oct.1999</date>
,
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309602C70FC4CF9A3FBC6067D" box="[999,1099,1604,1629]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">Marshall</collectingCountry>
and Buck.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309602C70FF6CF98FFAFF06E8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1568,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
Additional
<typeStatus id="B95106A109602C70FEEEF98EFE3806A1" box="[325,437,1641,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309602C70FE14F98FFDE406A0" box="[447,617,1640,1664]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
. Puntarenas, Monteverde Biological Reserve,
<quantity id="A11215E609602C70FBC5F98FFB3306A1" box="[1134,1214,1640,1665]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
, tree fall sweep and pans,
<date id="12549EC309602C70FF4EF96BFEFD0684" box="[229,368,1676,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="2000-06-14">14.Jun.2000</date>
, M. Buck (
<specimenCount id="70EC738A09602C70FDB8F96BFDC60684" box="[531,587,1676,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="generic">4 ♂</specimenCount>
, 2♀
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609602C70FD37F96BFD6F0684" box="[668,738,1676,1700]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y350-djvc" name="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">INBC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609602C70FD51F96BFCC60684" box="[762,843,1676,1700]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">DEBU</collectionCode>
); Monteverde, white pans in kitchen compost, 12&amp;
<date id="12549EC309602C70FF62F957FED906E8" box="[201,340,1712,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="2000-06-13">13.Jun.2000</date>
, M. Buck (
<specimenCount id="70EC738A09602C70FE7FF957FE7106E8" box="[468,508,1712,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 3 ♀,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609602C70FDE9F957FD1E06E8" box="[578,659,1712,1736]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">DEBU</collectionCode>
); Monteverde,
<date id="12549EC309602C70FC90F957FC7706E8" box="[827,1018,1712,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" value="1986-08-15" valueMax="1986-08-20" valueMin="1986-08-15">15–20.Aug.1986</date>
, L. Masner (
<specimenCount id="70EC738A09602C70FB23F957FB4E06E8" box="[1160,1219,1712,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" type="generic">14 ♂</specimenCount>
, 13 ♀,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609602C70FABEF957FAEB06E8" box="[1301,1382,1712,1736]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">DEBU</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

142
data/EE/43/09/EE43091509622C72FF3CFE36FA8005E3.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
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<mods:title id="922D0CA3B40C7F4C861EBB701EF54859">Albistyla, a new genus of Neotropical Limosininae (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="84B4C70C8817352BECBD35F3C6BC06D3">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="EE43091509622C72FF3CFE36FA8005E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133639" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119424049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE43091509622C72FF3CFE36FA8005E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE43091509622C72FF3CFE36FA8005E3" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809622C72FF3CFE36FE8B022D" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF3CFE36FE2F01CB" blockId="4.[151,418,465,525]" box="[151,418,465,491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<heading id="3D1D0F6F09622C72FF3CFE36FE2F01CB" bold="true" box="[151,418,465,491]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" reason="1">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FF3CFE36FE2F01CB" bold="true" box="[151,418,465,491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009622C72FF3CFE36FED201CB" ID-CoL="89WYT" box="[151,351,465,491]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FF3CFE36FED201CB" bold="true" box="[151,351,465,491]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Albistyla occulta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FADD96A09622C72FECCFE36FE2F01CB" box="[359,418,465,491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF3CFE13FE8B022D" blockId="4.[151,418,465,525]" box="[151,262,500,525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609622C72FF3CFE13FF6E022D" box="[151,227,500,525]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[172,1433,409,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Albistyla occulta male abdomen. 6, ventral; 7, sternite 5; 8, phallus and associated structures left lateral, with hypandrium. Figs. 9 – 10: Albistyla females, spermathecae. 9, A. occulta; 10, A. spatulisterna. Abbreviations: S 3 – 5, sternites 3 – 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224476/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
–9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809622C72FF3CFDDDFE410460" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="description">
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF3CFDDDFED50256" blockId="4.[151,1437,570,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FF3CFDDDFEA40273" bold="true" box="[151,297,570,595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Description.</emphasis>
Abdomen: Syntergite 1+2 very large,
<date id="12549EC309622C72FD7CFDDCFD740273" box="[727,761,571,595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">4X</date>
length of T3, with a large pale anteromedial area and a dark posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF6CFD66FE35034D" blockId="4.[151,1437,570,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
Male abdomen (
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609622C72FED6FD66FE6602BA" box="[381,491,641,666]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[172,1433,409,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Albistyla occulta male abdomen. 6, ventral; 7, sternite 5; 8, phallus and associated structures left lateral, with hypandrium. Figs. 9 – 10: Albistyla females, spermathecae. 9, A. occulta; 10, A. spatulisterna. Abbreviations: S 3 – 5, sternites 3 – 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224476/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
): Posterior margin of S5 complex, each side with a single large bristle and a trilobed spatulate process, outer lobes dark, cup-shaped and widely separated; middle lobes elongate, tuberculate, setose and projecting ventrally; inner lobes shallowly fimbriate. Epandrium and surstylus as described for
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FA2FFD2FFEBC0323" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009622C72FA2FFD2FFEA00323" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulisterna">A. spatulisterna</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Basiphallus with a prominent and apically rounded posterior process (epiphallus); distiphallus very short, tubular; lightly sclerotized but setulose along broadly expanded flanged distal margin. Postgonite with a large anterobasal tubercle articulating with a bisetose pregonite, distal part of postgonite strongly tapered and curved anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609622C72FECDFCB3FE27034D" box="[358,426,852,877]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[172,1433,409,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Albistyla occulta male abdomen. 6, ventral; 7, sternite 5; 8, phallus and associated structures left lateral, with hypandrium. Figs. 9 – 10: Albistyla females, spermathecae. 9, A. occulta; 10, A. spatulisterna. Abbreviations: S 3 – 5, sternites 3 – 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224476/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF6CFC90FE410460" blockId="4.[151,1437,570,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Female abdomen: T7 and T8 complete, only slightly shortened dorsomedially, with only a few small bristles on posterior margin. T10 greatly reduced, bare. Posterior margin of S7 convex and weakly bilobed; S8 hyaline, transverse and with a transverse row of 4 small equal bristles. S10 densely setulose, without bristles. Cercus very short and rounded, no longer than broad, with 4 short bristles. Spermathecae with a funnel-shaped base and a ridged, tire-shaped distal part; ducts with a U-shaped bend just beyond base, sclerotized part as long as spermathecal body (Fig. 9).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FF6CFBADFEF50443" bold="true" box="[199,376,1098,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<typeStatus id="B95106A109622C72FF6CFBADFE8F0443" box="[199,258,1098,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="B95106A109622C72FE28FBADFE660443" box="[387,491,1098,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(♂,
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) and 3
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(
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, 1♀,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609622C72FC15FBACFB9D0443" box="[958,1040,1099,1123]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">DEBU</collectionCode>
):
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309622C72FB8DFBACFB3D0443" box="[1062,1200,1099,1123]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
. Napo Prov., Baeza,
<quantity id="A11215E609622C72FF3CFB89FF6A04A6" box="[151,231,1134,1158]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700m</quantity>
, Malaise head wet, montane forest/pasture nr. small creek.
<date id="12549EC309622C72FC3FFB8AFBA204A6" box="[916,1071,1133,1158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" value="1987-05-16" valueMax="1987-05-19" valueMin="1987-05-16">16–19.v.1987</date>
,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609622C72FB96FB89FBF004A6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" box="[1085,1149,1134,1158]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">ROM</collectionCode>
870009, L.D. Coote and B.V. Brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF6CFB53FCF204D0" blockId="4.[151,1437,570,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
Additional
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:
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309622C72FE70FB52FDEB04ED" box="[475,614,1205,1229]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
. Napo, Baeza,
<quantity id="A11215E609622C72FC9EFB53FC1404EC" box="[821,921,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
, wet montane rain forest, malaise trap,
<date id="12549EC309622C72FF3CFB30FEDA04D0" box="[151,343,1239,1264]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" value="1987-05-16" valueMax="1987-05-19" valueMin="1987-05-16">16–19.May.1987</date>
,
<date id="12549EC309622C72FEC9FB30FDAE04D0" box="[354,547,1239,1264]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" value="1987-05-16" valueMax="1987-05-19" valueMin="1987-05-16">16–19.May.1987</date>
, Coote &amp; Brown (
<specimenCount id="70EC738A09622C72FD5AFB3FFC9B04D0" box="[753,790,1240,1264]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609622C72FC89FB3FFCFE04D0" box="[802,883,1240,1264]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">DEBU</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809622C72FF6CFB1DFCEE0516" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF6CFB1DFCEE0516" blockId="4.[151,1437,570,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FF6CFB1DFEC30533" bold="true" box="[199,334,1274,1299]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is from the Latin for concealed, and refers to the way the distinctive characters of the male sternite 5 are normally concealed beneath sternite 4.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809622C72FF6CFAA6FA8005E3" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF6CFAA6FA8005E3" blockId="4.[151,1437,570,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FF6CFAA6FEC2057A" bold="true" box="[199,335,1345,1370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009622C72FEFDFAA6FD9E0579" box="[342,531,1345,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FEFDFAA6FD9E0579" box="[342,531,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Albistyla occulta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, currently known only from
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309622C72FCF2FAA6FC35057A" box="[857,952,1345,1370]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, shares several distinctive synapomorphies with the Central American
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009622C72FE62FA82FDF6055C" box="[457,635,1380,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulisterna">
<emphasis id="549E641109622C72FE62FA82FDF6055C" box="[457,635,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">A. spatulisterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The single large bristles overlapping the lateral lobes of sternite 5, the general structure of the sternal lobes, and the general form of the distiphallus and postgonite suggest that these species are closely related although they differ markedly in detail of the posterior margin of sternite 5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

135
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<mods:title id="F0158CCFE0D84D7065E51A68B847505E">Albistyla, a new genus of Neotropical Limosininae (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="EE43091509642C72FF3CFA50FCAE01A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133637" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119424048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133637" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE43091509642C72FF3CFA50FCAE01A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE43091509642C72FF3CFA50FCAE01A5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809642C74FF3CFA50FE8D05D3" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6655B80309642C74FF3CFA50FE3705F2" blockId="2.[151,442,1463,1523]" box="[151,442,1463,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<heading id="3D1D0F6F09642C74FF3CFA50FE3705F2" bold="true" box="[151,442,1463,1490]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" reason="1">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FF3CFA50FE3705F2" bold="true" box="[151,442,1463,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FF3CFA50FEF505F1" ID-CoL="89WYS" box="[151,376,1463,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FF3CFA50FEF505F1" bold="true" box="[151,376,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Albistyla fimbriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FADD96A09642C74FED4FA5FFE3705F2" box="[383,442,1464,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309642C74FF3CFA3DFE8D05D3" blockId="2.[151,442,1463,1523]" box="[151,256,1498,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609642C74FF3CFA3DFE8D05D3" box="[151,256,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,449,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,447,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Albistyla fimbriata male abdomen. 1, S 5 posteroventral, showing fimbriae (Costa Rican specimen); 2, segments 4 – 8 ventral; 3, terminalia left lateral (S 5 lateroventral); 4, phallus and associated structures left lateral; 5, epandrium and surstyli posterior. Figures 2 – 5 are from the Ecuadorian specimen. Abbreviations: S 5 – 8, sternites 5 – 8. T 5, tergite 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224475/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809642C74FF3CF9C5FE1D075F" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="description">
<paragraph id="6655B80309642C74FF3CF9C5FBD2061B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1570,2027]" box="[151,1119,1570,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FF3CF9C5FEA4061B" bold="true" box="[151,297,1570,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Description.</emphasis>
Abdomen: Syntergite 1+2 pale anteromedially, twice as long as tergite 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309642C74FF6CF9A1FCA4077B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1570,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Male abdomen: S4 simple, lightly sclerotized. S5 with anterior part broadly bilobed and projecting under (dorsal to) S4; middle part with a blade-like central piece connecting with a dark U-shaped band on each side, middle part of each band with a pale, deeply fimbriate lobe; posterior margin of sternite developed into two conspicuously prominent processes, each in turn divided into a prominent longitudinal lobe with a row of 4–5 stout bristles and a posterior horizontal lobe with a darkened blade-like process. Surstylus folded into inner and outer lobes; outer lobe rounded and setose, inner lobe flat with a few marginal setae and a large, transparent, posteroventral scale. Cerci broad, lobate, narrowly fused dorsally. Distiphallus short-cylindrical with a very broad bilobed opening subtended by broad, flap-like distal lobes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309642C74FF6CF881FE1D075F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1570,2027]" box="[199,400,1894,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Female unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809642C75FF6CF86DFB4200F4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6655B80309642C74FF6CF86DFD5707E7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1570,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FF6CF86DFEF50783" bold="true" box="[199,376,1930,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<typeStatus id="B95106A109642C74FF6CF86DFE8F0783" box="[199,258,1930,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="B95106A109642C74FE29F86DFE670783" box="[386,490,1930,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(♂,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609642C74FD88F86CFDFD0783" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[547,624,1931,1955]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">MIZA</collectionCode>
):
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FD2DF86CFCA00783" box="[646,813,1931,1955]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
. Maracay. Rancho Grande Biological Station,
<quantity id="A11215E609642C74FAECF86CFA1A0783" box="[1351,1431,1931,1955]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
, pan traps in wet area,
<date id="12549EC309642C74FE26F849FDA607E7" box="[397,555,1966,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" value="1995-02-25" valueMax="1995-02-28" valueMin="1995-02-25">25–28.ii.1995</date>
, S.A.
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FDC4F849FD5B07E7" box="[623,726,1966,1991]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Marshall</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309642C75FF6CF835FB4200F4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1570,2027]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FF6CF835FD8C07CB" bold="true" box="[199,513,2002,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FDA0F834FD3B07CB" box="[523,694,2003,2027]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
. Volcán Tenorio, N slope nr. Bijagua Biological Station,
<quantity id="A11215E609642C74FAE0F834FA1507CA" box="[1355,1432,2003,2027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
, pans in tree fall,
<date id="12549EC309652C75FECEFF70FE520090" box="[357,479,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" value="2000-06-19">19.vi.2000</date>
, Buck and
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309652C75FDC1FF70FD430090" box="[618,718,151,176]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Marshall</collectingCountry>
(♂,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609652C75FCA1FF7FFCDF0090" box="[778,850,152,176]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y350-djvc" name="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">INBC</collectionCode>
).
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309652C75FCC3FF7FFC7F0090" box="[872,1010,152,176]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
. Pichincha, Maquipucuna Biological Reserve,
<quantity id="A11215E609652C75FF54FF5BFEC200F4" box="[255,335,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
, compost pan traps,
<date id="12549EC309652C75FD9EFF5BFD6100F4" box="[565,748,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" value="1999-10-27" valueMax="1999-10-29" valueMin="1999-10-27">27–29.Oct.1999</date>
, S.A.
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309652C75FC9BFF5BFC1900F5" box="[816,916,188,213]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Marshall</collectingCountry>
debu00111720 (♂,
<collectionCode id="00FB20C609652C75FBD9FF5BFB4E00F4" box="[1138,1219,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">QCAZ</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809652C75FF6CFF38FB4700D8" box="[199,1226,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6655B80309652C75FF6CFF38FB4700D8" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,392]" box="[199,1226,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="549E641109652C75FF6CFF38FEC300D8" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name refers to the posterior fimbriate processes of male sternite 5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809652C72FF6CFEE3FCAE01A5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6655B80309652C75FF6CFEE3FBBC01A8" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="549E641109652C75FF6CFEE3FEC2013D" bold="true" box="[199,335,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Comments.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="B95106A109652C75FE3EFEE3FE7A013D" box="[405,503,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is an excellent critical point dried male with all external genitalic structures, including the fimbriae referred to in the specific name, clearly visible. The fimbriae are not shown in
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609652C75FAAEFEC0FACA0160" box="[1285,1351,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,449,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,447,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Albistyla fimbriata male abdomen. 1, S 5 posteroventral, showing fimbriae (Costa Rican specimen); 2, segments 4 – 8 ventral; 3, terminalia left lateral (S 5 lateroventral); 4, phallus and associated structures left lateral; 5, epandrium and surstyli posterior. Figures 2 – 5 are from the Ecuadorian specimen. Abbreviations: S 5 – 8, sternites 5 – 8. T 5, tergite 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
as they were not visible in ventral view on that dissection; they are visible on dissected material in posteroventral view (as in
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609652C75FF1FFE88FF7E01A8" box="[180,243,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,449,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,447,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Albistyla fimbriata male abdomen. 1, S 5 posteroventral, showing fimbriae (Costa Rican specimen); 2, segments 4 – 8 ventral; 3, terminalia left lateral (S 5 lateroventral); 4, phallus and associated structures left lateral; 5, epandrium and surstyli posterior. Figures 2 – 5 are from the Ecuadorian specimen. Abbreviations: S 5 – 8, sternites 5 – 8. T 5, tergite 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) although they are very pale and easily overlooked on cleared specimens.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3295E88B09652C75FF3CF899FAC607F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" targetBox="[164,1436,449,1885]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="6655B80309652C75FF3CF899FAC607F2" blockId="3.[151,1435,1918,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="549E641109652C75FF3CF899FECD07B4" bold="true" box="[151,320,1918,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009652C75FEE7F898FD9C07B4" box="[332,529,1919,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
<emphasis id="549E641109652C75FEE7F898FD9C07B4" box="[332,529,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Albistyla fimbriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male abdomen. 1, S5 posteroventral, showing fimbriae (Costa Rican specimen); 2, segments 4–8 ventral; 3, terminalia left lateral (S5 lateroventral); 4, phallus and associated structures left lateral; 5, epandrium and surstyli posterior. Figures 2–5 are from the Ecuadorian specimen. Abbreviations: S5–8, sternites 5–8. T5, tergite 5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6655B80309622C72FF6CFF70FCAE01A5" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">There are slight differences between the Costa Rican, Venezuelan and Ecuadorian specimens treated as this species and it is possible that they represent a species complex with separate Central and South American species. The discal cell of the Costa Rican specimen lacks a stump vein and the second costal sector is slightly shorter than the third, while the South American specimens have a stump vein on the discal cell and have the second costal sector slightly longer than the third. Furthermore, the bristles on the posterior lobes on sternite 5 of the South American specimens are shorter and stouter. With only three specimens to work from, however, it is difficult to tell if these slight differences are intraspecific or interspecific.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Key to the species of
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1) First abdominal tergite (T1+2) conspicuously large, over
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length of T3. Mid tibia of male with apicoventral bristle longer than tibial width. Sternite 5 of male with a single pair of conspicuously large bristles extending over posterior lobes (
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)..................................................................................................... 2
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- First abdominal tergite (T1+2) not greatly enlarged,
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length of T3. Mid tibia of male with apicoventral bristle shorter than tibial width. Sternite 5 of male with only clusters of uniformly sized bristles (
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)...................................................................................
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2) Mid tibia with mid and apical bristles ventrally...............................
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- Mid tibia ventrally with only apical bristle (
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)....................
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<emphasis id="549E641109662C76FE2AF87AFE680795" box="[385,485,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Albistyla</emphasis>
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is characterized by a suite of male abdominal synapomorphies including a white surstylus terminating in a broad, pale, scale-like bristle, an enlarged but simple fourth sternite, and a strongly modified fifth sternite with three pairs of lobes posteriorly and anterior margin extended under fourth sternite. Diagnostic characters include three interfrontal bristles with the middle pair greatly enlarged and cruciate, R2+3 long and slightly sinuate, R4+5 almost straight and not bypassed by the costa, male synsternite 6–8 separate from epandrium, hypandrium long and Y-shaped with arms articulated to (not fused with) epandrium, and known females with tergite 10 (epiproct) absent or greatly reduced and cercus very short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309672C77FF6CFEB6FF7C033A" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="549E641109672C77FF6CFEB6FE37014A" bold="true" box="[199,442,337,362]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Generic description.</emphasis>
Body length 2.0–
<quantity id="A11215E609672C77FD2FFEB5FD540149" box="[644,729,338,362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
without wing, wing length 1.7–2.0 mm. Head (
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609672C77FB44FEB6FACD014A" box="[1263,1344,337,362]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 15. Albistyla spatulisterna female, photograph of mounted specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224478/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) mostly dark brown with anterior part of frons and face sometimes reddish brown; gena brown. Face broad and prominent, gradually sloped down from a bulging lunule as wide as pedicel. Clypeus narrow, dark, ventral margin microtrichose. Palpus tapered, with thin apical and preapical ventral bristles. Eye 1.7–2.0X as high as gena, vibrissa strong, subvibrissa and anterior genal bristle slightly enlarged. Gena separated from postgena by a prominent dark vertical strip. Antenna brown, medial part of scape with 1 large proclinate bristle and 2 minute bristles, pedicel with several long bristles along distal margin and a single inclinate preapical dorsal bristle, first flagellomere with arista arising on distal third of outer margin. Arista long (slightly longer than head + thorax), aristal hairs twice as long as width of aristal base. Three pairs of interfrontal bristles, upper and lower pairs small to minute, middle pair very strong and cruciate. Orbital bristles in 2 pairs, posterior pair 1.5X longer and thicker than anterior; interfrontal strips elevated. Orbital setulae minute, in a single row. Postvertical, inner vertical, outer vertical and ocellar bristle strong; postocellars weak but distinct and inclinate; inner occipital bristles small but distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309672C77FF6CFCC2FA9E04E9" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
Thorax dark brown, pruinose. Prosternum linear, membrane flanking prosternum bare. Dorsocentral bristles usually in 2 strong subequal postsutural pairs (
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609672C77FD0AFCAEFD790342" box="[673,756,841,866]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 15. Albistyla spatulisterna female, photograph of mounted specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224478/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), presutural dorsocentral setula sometimes slightly enlarged; acrostichal bristles in 6 rows between anterior dorsocentrals. Several (3–6) small and 1 large postpronotal bristles, 2 notopleural bristles (posterior notopleural bristle shorter and on a prominent callus), 1 supra-alar bristle, 1 intraalar bristle. Anepisternum bare, middle portion depressed so that posterior margin forms a ridge; anepimeron prominently bulging, with prominent, circular upper part often narrowly margined in black; katatergite flat and depressed, flanked by vertical walls of anatergite and anepisternum. Meron flat and depressed. Scutellum 1.3X as wide as long, with 4 marginal bristles. Legs brown, fore coxa large, flattened, half as long as femur. Mid tibia of both sexes ventrally usually with only an apical bristle, but also with a mid-ventral bristle in
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009672C77FB14FBA1FABF047D" box="[1215,1330,1093,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
<emphasis id="549E641109672C77FB14FBA1FB5D047D" box="[1215,1232,1094,1117]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="549E641109672C77FB4BFBA2FABF047D" box="[1248,1330,1093,1117]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">occulta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsally with 3 proximal bristles (2 anterodorsal, 1 smaller posterodorsal) and 3 distal bristles (large anterodorsal, small posterodorsal and a larger more distal dorsal bristle).
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309672C77FCBEFB6AFCC00486" box="[789,845,1165,1190]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Hind</collectingCountry>
tarsomeres one and two enlarged and with dense posteroventral comb of golden setulae, tarsomere one twice as wide and half as long as tarsomere two.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309672C77FF6CFB32FA9305A4" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
Wing (
<figureCitation id="FED1A48609672C77FEBDFB32FEE404CE" box="[278,361,1237,1262]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 15. Albistyla spatulisterna female, photograph of mounted specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224478/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) completely hyaline, length 1.2 to 1.3X maximum width. Costagium with two small bristles. R2+3 slightly sinuate; costa terminating at the tip of R4+5, R4+5 almost straight, apical 1/3 slightly bent towards costa and ending before wing tip; second costal sector 0.9–1.1X as long as third costal sector; dm-cu slightly longer than r-m. Discal cell rounded on posterior corner or closed by a straight vein, stump vein CuA1 present or absent (intraspecifically variable). Anal vein gently curved. Alula narrow, almost parallel-sided. Halter brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309672C77FF6CFA68FEFD06CC" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Male abdomen: S4 large, subquadrate, S5 anteriorly produced into a broad apodeme almost as large as S4 and normally retracted under (dorsal to) S4. Posterior margin of S5 forming a multi-lobed, complex anterior margin to the genital pouch. Ring sclerite large and distinct. Synsternite 6–8 narrow dorsally and ventrally; S8 entirely free from epandrium; S6 running as a thin strip under the complex posterior margin of S5. Hypandrium simple, Yshaped with narrow anterior apodeme and long posterior arms separate from epandrium. Epandrium short, symmetrical, with sparse, small bristles. Cerci small, not clearly delimited from epandrium, narrowly fused dorsally. Subepandrial sclerite with broad lobes articulating with surstylus. Surstylus with a simple, white, tapered basal section and a pale distal scale. Basiphallus very large, with a prominent posterior process (epiphallus); distiphallus relatively small and mostly membranous, anterior surface spinulose. Postgonite simple, distally tapered and bent anteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309672C77FF6CF910FED70778" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Female abdomen: Abdomen short, T10 (epiproct) reduced, pale or membranous and without bristles. Cercus short and rounded, with short bristles. Spermathecae (2+1) with sclerotized parts of ducts relatively long and sharply recurved.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809672C77FF6CF884FC49075C" box="[199,964,1891,1916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6655B80309672C77FF6CF884FC49075C" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2024]" box="[199,964,1891,1916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="549E641109672C77FF6CF884FEC3075C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1891,1916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name refers to the strikingly pale surstylus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF0EB8809672C74FF6CF860FCD802D0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="6655B80309672C74FF6CF860FB7E00D8" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2024]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="549E641109672C77FF6CF860FEAA0780" bold="true" box="[199,295,1927,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Biology.</emphasis>
Most specimens of
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009672C77FDA7F860FDFD07BF" box="[524,624,1927,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109672C77FDA7F860FDFD07BF" box="[524,624,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Albistyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
considered here were collected in green decaying vegetation associated with recently fallen trees, although both
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009672C77FDD6F84BFC8707E3" box="[637,778,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
<emphasis id="549E641109672C77FDD6F84BFC8707E3" box="[637,778,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">A. fimbriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009672C77FCE7F84BFB8F07E3" box="[844,1026,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulisterna">
<emphasis id="549E641109672C77FCE7F84BFCD007E3" box="[844,861,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="549E641109672C77FCDBF84CFB8F07E3" box="[880,1026,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">spatulisterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have also been collected amongst decaying vegetation in kitchen compost piles near forested habitat at neotropical research stations, and the entire
<typeStatus id="B95106A109642C74FF3CFF7FFF4A0090" box="[151,199,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FE93FF7FFE270090" box="[312,426,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FE93FF7FFE270090" box="[312,426,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">A. occulta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was taken in a Malaise trap over a small forest stream in
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FBE8FF70FB2F0090" box="[1091,1186,151,176]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. It is probable that all species in this genus develop as bacterial grazers in moist decomposing vegetation. Species of
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FABEFF5AFA1600F4" box="[1301,1435,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Bregmosina</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FF3CFF38FF7600D8" box="[151,251,223,248]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Marshall</collectingCountry>
have similar habits (
<bibRefCitation id="027BC5F209642C74FE48FF38FD0100D8" author="Marshall" box="[483,652,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refString="Marshall, S. A. (2013) Bregmosina, a new Neotropical genus of Limosininae (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa, 3641 (3), 260 - 270. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3641.3.5" type="journal article" year="2013">
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FE48FF38FDC500D8" box="[483,584,223,248]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Marshall</collectingCountry>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), and have been collected along with
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FB9BFF07FB1900D8" box="[1072,1172,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FB9BFF07FB1900D8" box="[1072,1172,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Albistyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6655B80309642C74FF6CFEE3FCD802D0" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FF6CFEE3FEFD013D" bold="true" box="[199,368,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Relationships.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FED7FEE3FE6D013C" box="[380,480,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FED7FEE3FE6D013C" box="[380,480,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Albistyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are superficially similar to
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FC21FEE2FB9D013C" box="[906,1040,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Bregmosina</emphasis>
, another limosinine with cruciate interfrontal bristles and a relatively broad and short face. These two genera differ widely in most other characters, including genitalia, wing venation, and chaetotaxy, and there is no basis for suggesting a close relationship. The most striking defining character of
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FD8BFE97FD0901A8" box="[544,644,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FD8BFE97FD0901A8" box="[544,644,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Albistyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the modification of sternite 5 into a broad anterior apodeme running over (dorsal to inner surface of) sternite 4 and a complex, multi-lobed posterior margin. Somewhat similar modifications of sternite 5 are seen in the Holarctic genus
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FC87FE5FFB9E01F0" authority="Vimmer" authorityName="Vimmer" box="[812,1043,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FC87FE5FFC2301EF" box="[812,942,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Apteromyia</emphasis>
Vimmer
</taxonomicName>
, but there are no other grounds for postulating a close relationship between these two otherwise dissimilar genera. Although the relationships between
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FF3CFDE7FF760238" box="[151,251,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FF3CFDE7FF760238" box="[151,251,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Albistyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other limosinine genera are not clear, the relationships between the species of
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FAACFDE7FAE60238" box="[1287,1387,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FAACFDE7FAE60238" box="[1287,1387,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Albistyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unambiguous and the monophyly of the genus is supported by several synapomorphies (male sternite 5 with a broad anterior apodeme running over sternite 4; posterior margin of sternite 5 forming a complex anterior margin of the genital pouch, strongly differentiated from anterior part of sternite and including multiple lobes; surstylus with a simple main body and a large, flattened scale-like spur; surstylus white). Within
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FBC5FD77FB5F0288" box="[1134,1234,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FBC5FD77FB5F0288" box="[1134,1234,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Albistyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there seems to be one species found in both Central
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FDBCFD53FDFA02ED" box="[535,631,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">America</collectingCountry>
and South
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FD5CFD53FCD702ED" box="[759,858,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">America</collectingCountry>
, and one pair of sister species (
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FB10FD53FAE102EC" box="[1211,1388,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulisterna">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FB10FD53FAE102EC" box="[1211,1388,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">A. spatulisterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A1EAC38009642C74FF3CFD3FFE8402D0" box="[151,265,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Albistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
<emphasis id="549E641109642C74FF3CFD3FFE8402D0" box="[151,265,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">A. occulta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) split between Central
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FDA6FD30FDE302D0" box="[525,622,727,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">America</collectingCountry>
and South
<collectingCountry id="1EFDF89309642C74FD46FD30FCDC02D0" box="[749,849,727,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">America</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>