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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe3035b3-171d-4eed-b174-52215d61cf0a" ID-PMC="PMC3833731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1993-078X-1-23" ID-PubMed="24260617" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1993-078X-1-23" ModsDocOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 5 (1)" ModsDocTitle="Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa" checkinTime="1552150672783" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wuelker, Wolfgang F., Kiknadze, I. I. &amp; Istomina, A. G." docDate="2011" docId="C3F56B3153818686DECC3FD65D094142" docLanguage="en" docName="CompCytogen 5 (1): 23-46" docOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 1" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975" docTitle="Chironomus pulcher Wiedemann 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFB7FFCAFFB9D06EBA09FF9AFFAFFFAF" masterDocTitle="Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1668127503573" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wuelker, Wolfgang F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kiknadze, I. I.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Istomina, A. G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Comparative Cytogenetics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
<mods:end>46</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1993-078X-1-23</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154365654" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3F56B3153818686DECC3FD65D094142" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3F56B3153818686DECC3FD65D094142" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName authority="Wiedemann, 1830" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus pulcher" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">Chironomus prope pulcher Wiedemann, 1830</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="previous reports">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Previous reports:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation author="Wiedemann, CRW" journalOrPublisher="Aussereuropaeische Zweiflueglige Insekten" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" volume="2" year="1830">Wiedemann 1830</bibRefCitation>
, imago.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation author="Freeman, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="321 - 426" title="A study of Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, part III." volume="5" year="1957">Freeman 1957</bibRefCitation>
, imago.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation author="Dejoux, C" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" pagination="449 - 464" title="Contribution a l'etude des premiers etats des chironomides du Tchad (Insectes, Dipteres) (1 e note)." url="doi:10.1007/BF00134446" volume="31" year="1968">Dejoux 1968</bibRefCitation>
, imago, pupa, larva.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="30" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
association to this species is based on one male adult from the collecting sites of the larvae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="karyotype">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Karyotype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
(Fig. 5a). Haploid number n=3, arm combination AB CD FEG (modified
<normalizedToken originalValue="“thummi”">&quot;thummi&quot;</normalizedToken>
cytocomplex), centromeric bands not heterochromatinized, nucleolus in arm F (at the very telomeric end) and nucleolus-like bodies at the ends of arms A, B, E; Balbiani rings are in arms G and B. Chromosomal polymorphism in arm C (Fig. 5a).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
Figure 5a. Karyotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chironomus</taxonomicName>
prope pulcher. The designations are the same as in Fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
Figure 5b-e. Homozygous banding sequences of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus prope subsp. pulcher" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prope" subSpecies="pulcher">Chironomus prope pulcher</taxonomicName>
in arms A, D, E, F, and G.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Banding sequences (Fig. 5a, b-e).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Arm A (Fig. 5b) has the banding sequence pulA1, formed by four inversions from pigST</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Arm B (Fig. 5a) not mapped, monomorphic. It has a sequence pulB1. The common BR is well developed.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Arm C (Fig. 5a) not mapped. It has two banding sequences pulC1 and pulC2 differing by a simple inversion, which involved practically the whole central part of arm C.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Arm D (Fig. 5c) has the sequence pulD1, formed by five inversion steps from pigST</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="31" start="start">Arm</pageBreakToken>
E (Fig. 5e) has the banding sequence pulE1, formed by three inversion steps from pigST.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Arm F (Fig. 5d) has the sequence pulF1, formed by one simple inversion from pigST.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
The characteristic of arm F in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus prope subsp. pulcher" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prope" subSpecies="pulcher">Chironomus prope pulcher</taxonomicName>
is the presence of the nucleolus at the telomeric end, which is a rare event among
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chironomus</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Arm G (Fig. 5e) is joined with arm E. There is large Balbiani ring near the site of fusion, and a small Balbiani ring or puff in the center of arm G. A small nucleolus is possibly developed at the telomeric end of arm G.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
In total, eight banding sequences were recorded in the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus prope subsp. pulcher" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prope" subSpecies="pulcher">Chironomus prope pulcher</taxonomicName>
banding sequence pool. All of them are endemic for Ethiopia. There are no basic sequences.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="larva">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Larva:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
long tubuli laterales on abdominal segment VII. Other characters -
<bibRefCitation author="Dejoux, C" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" pagination="449 - 464" title="Contribution a l'etude des premiers etats des chironomides du Tchad (Insectes, Dipteres) (1 e note)." url="doi:10.1007/BF00134446" volume="31" year="1968">Dejoux 1968</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Distribution:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">two pools within a short distance, River Athi south of Nairobi, Kenya.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1099" ID-PMC="PMC4107865" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--1099" ID-PubMed="25057248" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e1099" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Guide to the Vascular Flora of the Savannas and Flatwoods of Shaken Creek Preserve and Vicinity (Pender &amp; Onslow Counties, North Carolina, U.S.A.)" checkinTime="1553126762101" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Thornhill, Robert, Krings, Alexander, Lindbo, David &amp; Stucky, Jon" docDate="2014" docId="C3F59CD4C1DC34196DE748FB93AE64D7" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 2: e1099" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1099" docTitle="Trilisa paniculata Cass." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1099" masterDocId="FF8EFFB0FF84FF8FFFDA5C15860F6657" masterDocTitle="Guide to the Vascular Flora of the Savannas and Flatwoods of Shaken Creek Preserve and Vicinity (Pender &amp; Onslow Counties, North Carolina, U. S. A.)" masterLastPageNumber="1099" masterPageNumber="1099" pageNumber="1099" updateTime="1668122592651" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart>Krings, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lindbo, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1099</mods:start>
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<taxonomicName authority="(J. F. Gmel.) Cass." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Trilisa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trilisa paniculata" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1099" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculata">Trilisa paniculata (J.F. Gmel.) Cass.</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (SPS-RF).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">
Infrequent.
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;
<normalizedToken originalValue="SepNov">Sep-Nov</normalizedToken>
. Thornhill 1540 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 530 (WNC!; as
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). [= RAB; =
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(J.F. Gmel.) H.J.-C. Hebert sensu FNA; = Weakley]
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</subSubSection>
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Taxon concept: [&lt;
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R. Br. - RAB; = FNA, Weakley]
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<paragraph id="A156D4EB49C319001A9C60CFB2AF340B" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964">T; S1S2, G4.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E757F1F211BDD32DBB88658F5C2E6C6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="16BABFC4851A2107337C609A69036BDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC5871D10FEAB58953AD8B748EF58102" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964">Lake Waccamaw: Correll &amp; Blomquist 4900 (DUKE!)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D00A04437C4EA546FA57E6F910CE0A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" type="notes">
<paragraph id="FBD09440C91DDBA4747033B0F054CC26" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="616942FD4EB8AE7A571123B6953274AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964">
Perennial, epiphytic herbs. Eulittoral zone; typically on limbs and trunks of
<taxonomicName id="90F39CE68026F5FA5755C046BE552FED" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Taxodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taxodium ascendens" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ascendens">Taxodium ascendens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D938E97192092A7371DD0CEC1DDCC989" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Taxodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taxodium distichum" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distichum">Taxodium distichum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1B2293AF9C9F6B63F5FEDD80752C0F04" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Nyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nyssa aquatica" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">Nyssa aquatica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F6D70C10734E6CB47237F6CF044E03F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Nyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nyssa biflora" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biflora">Nyssa biflora</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="917F7BF3DFC97C9D0E35C40AF5053565" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Altingiaceae" genus="Liquidambar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liquidambar styraciflua" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="styraciflua">Liquidambar styraciflua</taxonomicName>
, and possibly other bottomland tree species in the shoreline of Lake Waccamaw (
<normalizedToken id="3481014E98E6D49D9AABC50416B673A3" originalValue="NLSS">NLSS-</normalizedToken>
LW,
<normalizedToken id="1493641DEB9EF00E9691E58AFC17AE07" originalValue="NLSSC">NLSS-C</normalizedToken>
).
<normalizedToken id="F497D2A8C7E8B9857A2A084A92C822CA" originalValue="JulOct">Jul-Oct</normalizedToken>
. This species usually co-occurs with
<taxonomicName id="AD34B2C61925FDC4CC7BCED21978BF9F" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Pleopeltis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pleopeltis polypodiodes" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polypodiodes">Pleopeltis polypodiodes</taxonomicName>
. The first author observed a vegetative specimen on the edge of Big Creek ca. 50-70 meters from the shoreline of Lake Waccamaw. The specimen was on a large
<taxonomicName id="7D9780FC8EDAD86DEB410B9F095A99CA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Nyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nyssa aquatica" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">Nyssa aquatica</taxonomicName>
limb, ca. 25-30 meters above the water, and was co- occuring with
<taxonomicName id="B82B97CE76BF69C0C37DF16CEC7C8DF3" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Pleopeltis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pleopeltis polypodioides" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7964" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polypodioides">Pleopeltis polypodioides</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>