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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600014" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. &amp; Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="C33EC2DC694768907BB12734B7D0D2A4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) diomedeae von Marenzeller 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1635513010010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4440</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-10-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1066</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1066-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600014" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C33EC2DC694768907BB12734B7D0D2A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C33EC2DC694768907BB12734B7D0D2A4" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="von Marenzeller, 1904" authorityName="von Marenzeller" authorityYear="1904" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) diomedeae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diomedeae" subGenus="Caryophyllia">Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) diomedeae von Marenzeller, 1904</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Anomocora fecunda (SAMC _ A 073042, off Shaka's Rock, 200 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, F Anomocora marchadi C, D (SAMC _ A 090093, off Durban, 49 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F (SAM _ H 3100, off Shaka's Rock, 66 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Aulocyathus juvenescens (Mortensen 25, off Durban, 424 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Aulocyathus sp. cf. Aulocyathus matricidus (DIa 1, locality data unknown) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi (USNM 91541, off Kosi Bay, 98 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) diomedeae (MN _ SM 129, off Margate, 850 m) M calicular view N lateral view N, O Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) ephyala (SAMC _ A 072974, off Paternoster, 440 m) O Calicular view P Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1M, N</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Marenzeller" authorityYear="1904" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia diomedeae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diomedeae">Caryophyllia diomedeae</taxonomicName>
von Marenzeller, 1904b: 79-80, pl. 1, fig. 2
<bibRefCitation author="Durham, J" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 110" refId="B79" refString="Durham, J, Barnard, J, 1952. Stony corals of the Eastern Pacific collected by the Velero III and Velero IV. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 16 (1): 1 - 110" title="Stony corals of the Eastern Pacific collected by the Velero III and Velero IV." volume="16" year="1952">. -Durham and Barnard 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 10, 82, pl. 9, fig. 43. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B36" refString="Cairns, S, 1991. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 504: 1 - 44" title="A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands." volume="504" year="1991">Cairns 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 11-13, pl. 4, figs C-E. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 49-50, pl. 9, figs A-D. -
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortès">Cortes</normalizedToken>
1997: 330. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 88. -Koslow and Gowlett-Holmes 1998: 38. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
: 74. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Atoll Research Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="13 - 46" refId="B57" refString="Cairns, S, Hoeksema, B, van der Land, J, 1999. Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals. Atoll Research Bulletin 459: 13 - 46" title="Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals." volume="459" year="1999">Cairns et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 20. -
<bibRefCitation author="Pinon, G" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B219" refString="Pinon, G, 1999. Biogeografia de los corales ahermatipicos (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) en el Pacifico oriental. Thesis, Universidad Antonoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz." title="Biogeografia de los corales ahermatipicos (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) en el Pacifico oriental. Thesis, Universidad Antonoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz." year="1999">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Piñón">Pinon</normalizedToken>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
: 20, 81. -Cairns 2004: 264, 277, 328. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="15 - 46" refId="B58" refString="Cairns, S, Haeussermann, V, Foersterra, G, 2005. A review of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Chile, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 1018: 15 - 46" title="A review of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Chile, with the description of two new species." volume="1018" year="2005">Cairns et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 17, 25, 28, fig. 2D-E. -
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez-Romero, S" journalOrPublisher="Treballs de l'Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B109" refString="Gonzalez-Romero, S, Reyes-Bonilla, H, Cairns, S, 2008. Range extensions of three species of the family Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) in the eastern Pacific Ocean. JMBA2-Biodiversity Records: 1-2.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267209001031" title="Range extensions of three species of the family Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) in the eastern Pacific Ocean. JMBA 2 - Biodiversity Records: 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267209001031" year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Romero">Gonzalez-Romero</normalizedToken>
et al. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 1-2, fig. 1. -Kitahara et al. 2010: 100, 102, figs 37-46.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moseley" authorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia profunda" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profunda">Caryophyllia profunda</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">Cairns 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 17-19 (in part:
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Eltanin’">'Eltanin'</normalizedToken>
-1403).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zibrowuis" authorityYear="1974" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia sarsiae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sarsiae">Caryophyllia sarsiae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Monograph Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B52" refString="Cairns, S, Parker, S, 1992. Review of the Recent Scleractinia of South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum. Monograph Series 3: 1 - 82" title="Review of the Recent Scleractinia of South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum." volume="3" year="1992">. -Cairns and Parker 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 20, figs 5C, E, F.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Off Panama (USS
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albatross’">'Albatross'</normalizedToken>
stn. 3358:
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.5">6°30'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="81" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.73333">81°44'W</geoCoordinate>
); 1043 m (von
<bibRefCitation author="Marenzeller, von E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="75 - 87" refId="B178" refString="Marenzeller, von E, 1904b. Reports on dredging operations of the Western margin of central America and Galapagos by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1891: Steinkorallen und Hydro-Korallen. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 43 (2): 75 - 87" title="Reports on dredging operations of the Western margin of central America and Galapagos by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1891: Steinkorallen und Hydro-Korallen." volume="43" year="1904 b">Marenzeller 1904b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">One syntype is deposited at NHMUK (Kitahara et al. 2010).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="imagery data">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Imagery data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
MN_SM 85 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 20 km off Cape Vidal/23 km off St Lucia Estuary,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="-27.991667">27°59'30.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.99" value="32.68">32°40'47.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 550 m. MN_SM 129 (7 specimens): Eastern margin, 17 km off Margate/ km off Boboyi Estuary,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24.00" value="-30.89">30°53'24.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="41.99" value="30.52833">30°31'41.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 850 m. MN_SM 226 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 32 km off Mazeppa Bay/24 km off Kobole Estuary,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.00" value="-32.476665">32°28'36.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.00" value="28.980001">28°58'48.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 710-775 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Corallum straight to slightly curved, and attached to substrate by a broad pedicel (PD:GCD ~ 0.5) that expands into an encrusting base. Largest imaged specimen (MN_SM 85) 13.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12.0 mm in CD, 5.0 mm in PD, and 29.0 mm in H. Calice elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.08-1.14), calicular margin jagged. Costae prominent at calicular margin, with shallow intercostal striae, sometimes bearing granules. Theca thick and porcelaneous. Corallum white to beige.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S1 ≥ S2&gt; S3&gt; S4 (48 septa). S1-2 most exsert, equal in width, and almost reach columella with vertical to slightly sinuous axial margins. S3-4 progressively narrower and less exsert. S3
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
the width of S1-2, each bearing a sinuous pali (12 P3), and consistently 1 mm in width. S4 slightly smaller than S3. Higher cycle septa with sinuous axial margin, especially S3. Septal faces somewhat smooth near calicular margin, but becoming granulated towards fossa. Fossa of moderate depth containing a fascicular columella, encircled by a P3 crown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Southern and Eastern margins of South Africa, off Mazeppa Bay extending towards Cape Vidal; 550-850 m. Elsewhere: Australia
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Monograph Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B52" refString="Cairns, S, Parker, S, 1992. Review of the Recent Scleractinia of South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum. Monograph Series 3: 1 - 82" title="Review of the Recent Scleractinia of South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum." volume="3" year="1992">(Cairns and Parker 1992</bibRefCitation>
, 1998, 2004a; Kitahara et al. 2010); New Zealand (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">Cairns 1982</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
); New Caledonia (Kitahara et al. 2010;
<bibRefCitation author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
); Cocos and Galapagos Islands (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B36" refString="Cairns, S, 1991. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 504: 1 - 44" title="A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands." volume="504" year="1991">Cairns 1991</bibRefCitation>
); Philippines; Indonesia (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
); Vanuatu (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
); Mediterranean to the Azores (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Atoll Research Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="13 - 46" refId="B57" refString="Cairns, S, Hoeksema, B, van der Land, J, 1999. Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals. Atoll Research Bulletin 459: 13 - 46" title="Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals." volume="459" year="1999">Cairns et al 1999</bibRefCitation>
); Bermuda; Cook Island (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
); Chile (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="15 - 46" refId="B58" refString="Cairns, S, Haeussermann, V, Foersterra, G, 2005. A review of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Chile, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 1018: 15 - 46" title="A review of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Chile, with the description of two new species." volume="1018" year="2005">Cairns et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
); northern Pacific (
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez-Romero, S" journalOrPublisher="Treballs de l'Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B109" refString="Gonzalez-Romero, S, Reyes-Bonilla, H, Cairns, S, 2008. Range extensions of three species of the family Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) in the eastern Pacific Ocean. JMBA2-Biodiversity Records: 1-2.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267209001031" title="Range extensions of three species of the family Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) in the eastern Pacific Ocean. JMBA 2 - Biodiversity Records: 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267209001031" year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Romero">Gonzalez-Romero</normalizedToken>
et al. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
); 225-2200 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Among congeners that are attached and display hexamerally arranged septa in four complete cycles,
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Marenzeller" authorityYear="1904" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Caryophyllia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia (C.) diomedeae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diomedeae" subGenus="C.">Caryophyllia (C.) diomedeae</taxonomicName>
closely resembles
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. sarsiae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarsiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. sarsiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zibrowius, 1974a (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B36" refString="Cairns, S, 1991. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 504: 1 - 44" title="A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands." volume="504" year="1991">Cairns 1991</bibRefCitation>
). It is therefore no surprise that
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Monograph Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B52" refString="Cairns, S, Parker, S, 1992. Review of the Recent Scleractinia of South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum. Monograph Series 3: 1 - 82" title="Review of the Recent Scleractinia of South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum." volume="3" year="1992">Cairns and Parker (1992)</bibRefCitation>
mistook their records of
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. diomedeae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="diomedeae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. diomedeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. sarsiae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarsiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. sarsiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which they mention the latter to occur in South Africa but did not provide the associated locality data for their South African records. Nonetheless, the imaged specimens (listed under imagery data) seem to have been mixed with
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. sarsiae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarsiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. sarsiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and have therefore been separated based on: (i) having a smooth theca and costae restricted to calicular margin (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
), as compared with
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. sarsiae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarsiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. sarsiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has costae prominent throughout corallum, and (ii) pali consistently being 1 mm in width as compared with
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. sarsiae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarsiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. sarsiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which bears pali being three times less the width of the pali bearing septa (key in Kitahara et al. 2010).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>