Add updates up until 2025-03-07 17:51:37
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<mods:title id="3B798E2844208DD6DDBA3714CEDD5DB3">Revision of the enigmatic snake Plesiotortrix edwardsi Rochebrune, 1884 from the Phosphorites du Quercy, France</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9EB1EBE5B151F9A79BABAFFAD239C1EC">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CE8455FB1AF78F301FF4DDF4F4D42B8">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31 - 016 Kraków (Poland) georgalis @ isez. pan. krakow. pl</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0D6A4E3303FCE6E10F58826B33A92C5A">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F7CAEEE3AE46C7070A5BDFDEC6C8CFE3">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31 - 016 Kraków (Poland) georgalis @ isez. pan. krakow. pl</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="90B59C6E8C6F0F83F4023FC56A070829">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AAB1CBF26F33A23B4FD3EBC754D3467B">24</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FB87E58E45D52ED097FBD7FA27F809" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14990223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14990223" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87E58E45D52ED097FBD7FA27F809" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB87E58E45D52ED097FBD7FA27F809" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED097FBD7FD33FB8D" authority="Rochebrune, 1884" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" box="[231,676,1108,1135]" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Serpentes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED097FBD7FD33FB8D" authority="Rochebrune, 1884" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" box="[231,676,1108,1135]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<emphasis id="B926EAE18E45D52ED097FBD7FE43FB8D" bold="true" box="[231,468,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Plesiotortrix edwardsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B028E45D52ED1AAFBD6FD33FB8D" author="ROCHEBRUNE A. T. DE" box="[474,676,1109,1135]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" pagination="149 - 164" refId="ref8094" refString="ROCHEBRUNE A. T. DE 1884. - Faune ophiologique des Phosphorites du Quercy. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de Saone-et-Loire 5: 149 - 164." type="journal article" year="1884">Rochebrune, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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@ -64,7 +66,7 @@
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<paragraph id="8BED36F38E45D52ED0F4FB2EFDD3FB27" blockId="4.[132,580,1197,1222]" box="[132,580,1197,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF310E28E45D52ED0F4FB2EFDD7FB27" author="ROCHEBRUNE A. T. DE" box="[132,576,1197,1222]" page="156" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" year="1884">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED0F4FB2EFDD7FB27" authority="Rochebrune, 1884: 156" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1884" box="[132,576,1197,1222]" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Serpentes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED0F4FB2EFDD7FB27" authority="Rochebrune, 1884" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1884" box="[132,576,1197,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<emphasis id="B926EAE18E45D52ED0F4FB2EFEDAFB27" box="[132,333,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Plesiotortrix edwardsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B028E45D52ED124FB2EFDD7FB27" author="ROCHEBRUNE A. T. DE" box="[340,576,1197,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" pagination="149 - 164" refId="ref8094" refString="ROCHEBRUNE A. T. DE 1884. - Faune ophiologique des Phosphorites du Quercy. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de Saone-et-Loire 5: 149 - 164." type="journal article" year="1884">Rochebrune, 1884: 156</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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@ -76,12 +78,12 @@
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. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED1F2FB5EFC90FB17" authority="Rochebrune, 1884" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" box="[386,775,1245,1269]" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Serpentes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED1F2FB5EFC90FB17" authority="Rochebrune, 1884" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" box="[386,775,1245,1269]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<emphasis id="B926EAE18E45D52ED1F2FB5EFDDDFB17" box="[386,586,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Plesiotortrix edwardsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B028E45D52ED221FB5EFC90FB17" author="ROCHEBRUNE A. T. DE" box="[593,775,1245,1269]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" pagination="149 - 164" refId="ref8094" refString="ROCHEBRUNE A. T. DE 1884. - Faune ophiologique des Phosphorites du Quercy. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de Saone-et-Loire 5: 149 - 164." type="journal article" year="1884">Rochebrune, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(new genus and species); [
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED10CFB7BFDD4FAF2" authority="Rochebrune, 1884" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" box="[380,579,1272,1296]" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Serpentes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED10CFB7BFDD4FAF2" authority="Rochebrune, 1884" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" box="[380,579,1272,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<emphasis id="B926EAE18E45D52ED10CFB7BFDD4FAF2" box="[380,579,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Plesiotortrix edwardsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ Georgalis
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. — Similar to most other fossil specimens collected during the 19th century, there are no precise locality data for the
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<typeStatus id="54E988518E45D52ED0D5F9C6FF6FF9BF" box="[165,248,1605,1629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED164F9C6FE42F9BF" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" box="[276,469,1605,1629]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED164F9C6FE42F9BF" authority="Rochebrune, 1884" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" box="[276,469,1605,1629]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
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<emphasis id="B926EAE18E45D52ED164F9C6FE42F9BF" box="[276,469,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Plesiotortrix edwardsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, apart from the general information that it originates from the Phosphorites du Quercy. However, this is still vague, taking into consideration that the Phosphorites du Quercy include at least 170 fissure filling localities, distributed over a broad geographic area, encompassing large parts of the current departments of Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne, Tarn, and Aveyron, all in the administrative region of Occitanie (
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@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ Pelissié
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The
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|
||||
and only known specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED55DFF7BFC1DFED3" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D708E45D52ED55DFF7BFC1DFED3" authority="Rochebrune, 1884" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1884" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Plesiotortrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B926EAE18E45D52ED55DFF7BFC1DFED3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Plesiotortrix edwardsi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
consists of three articulated trunk vertebrae. The three vertebrae are relatively well preserved, but still have parts of their prezygapophyses and neural spines damaged and their paradiapophyses are eroded (
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
218
data/03/FE/87/03FE87D7FFB2FFE890C0EC19C451FE18.xml
Normal file
218
data/03/FE/87/03FE87D7FFB2FFE890C0EC19C451FE18.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="AC613DE213552B9A841C6887468B22C8">
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<mods:title id="04667BCA7885ED69FBAC4F80BDD3D54E">The first snake from the lower Eocene (MP 10 - 11) of the Cos locality, Phosphorites du Quercy, France</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="40B6161BD1982EC5C3A68140E2111BFE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0FE36B7E6FE2A36F38C4CE0B41D19C92">Čerňanský, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="3AFAA75AE341E427D092DD6C594132BF">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava (Slovakia) cernansky. paleontology @ gmail. com (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4DA38758E86ADD3D714FB114C7C496C" type="email">cernansky.paleontology@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2906957FFF8C692E006520BF1A8D8D96">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8F93BF32EAB54236BC9C27194FAEAEC">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31 - 016 Kraków (Poland)</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A358CA6827E5F66306B95C613C1D5D39">Tabuce, Rodolphe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC67AF2F5F36B2C6D5A4DF5DCD300879">Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Cc 064, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A7DC64D87C4E2EDD16BE71C680A011FA">Vidalenc, Dominique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="48990195B919B2208E09AB2CAC430975">Avenue François Mitterand, 31800 Saint-Gaudens (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6484D69CF1C1CD472A58D9F5C0E7899E">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4F1B9BF4BBD1219A89F5ACA2DC79E97C">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0EC795874DF36E6047E3142A4DD24664">2025-02-26</mods:number>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FE87D7FFB2FFE890C0EC19C451FE18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87D7FFB2FFE890C0EC19C451FE18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87D7FFB2FFE890C0EC19C451FE18" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="C34D654AFFB2FFEE90C0EC19C36FFAA7" box="[973,1294,1332,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFEE90C0EC19C36FFAA7" blockId="3.[961,1307,1268,1422]" box="[973,1294,1332,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D42FFB2FFEE90C0EC19C36FFAA7" authority="Nopcsa, 1923" box="[973,1294,1332,1358]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraOrder="Alethinophidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="infraOrder" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||||
Alethinophidia
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B30FFB2FFEE977AEC19C36FFAA7" author="NOPCSA F." box="[1143,1294,1332,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="99 - 154" refId="ref4613" refString="NOPCSA F. 1923. - Eidolosaurus und Pachyophis. Zwei neue Neocom-Reptilien. Palaeontographica 65: 99 - 154." type="journal article" year="1923">Nopcsa, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D654AFFB2FFEE90DAEC79C37AFA67" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFEE90DAEC79C365FA87" blockId="3.[961,1307,1268,1422]" box="[983,1284,1364,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D42FFB2FFEE90DAEC79C365FA87" authority="Oppel, 1811 b Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 Alethinophidia Nopcsa, 1923 Constrictores Oppel, 1811 a" authorityName="Oppel, 1811 b Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 Alethinophidia Nopcsa, 1923 Constrictores Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[983,1284,1364,1390]" class="Squamata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">
|
||||
Constrictores
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B30FFB2FFEE9762EC79C365FA87" author="OPPEL M." box="[1135,1284,1364,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="376 - 393" refId="ref4634" refString="OPPEL M. 1811 a. - Suite du 1 er. memoire sur la classification des reptiles. Ord. II. Squammata mihi. Sect. II. Ophidii. Ord. III. Ophidii, Brongniart. Annales du Museum d'histoire Naturelle, Paris 16: 376 - 393." type="journal article" year="1811">Oppel, 1811a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFEE90CCEC59C37AFA67" blockId="3.[961,1307,1268,1422]" box="[961,1307,1396,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB2FFEE90C7EC59C59FFA64" box="[970,1022,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B30FFB2FFEE970BEC59C373FA67" author="GEORGALIS G. L. & SMITH K. T." box="[1030,1298,1396,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref3829" refString="GEORGALIS G. L. & SMITH K. T. 2020. - Constrictores Oppel, 1811 - the available name for the taxonomic group uniting boas and pythons. Vertebrate Zoology 70: 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.26049 / VZ 70 - 3 - 2020 - 03" type="journal article" year="2020">Georgalis & Smith 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D654AFFB2FFEE970EEC9EC2F7FA07" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFEE970EEC9EC2BBFA24" blockId="3.[1027,1242,1459,1518]" box="[1027,1242,1459,1485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<heading id="D0A081ADFFB2FFEE970EEC9EC2BBFA24" box="[1027,1242,1459,1485]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" reason="9">Constrictores indet.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFEE974BECFEC2F7FA07" blockId="3.[1027,1242,1459,1518]" box="[1094,1174,1491,1518]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB2FFEE9743ECFEC2ECFA04" box="[1102,1165,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D654AFFB2FFEE9020EF20C309F987" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFEE9020EF20C3D1F9CD" blockId="3.[813,1456,1548,1574]" box="[813,1456,1548,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA01DFFB2FFEE9020EF20C5EAF9CA" baselines="1566,1567" box="[813,907,1549,1572]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. —
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3C9CFFB2FFEE90A2EF23C3D1F9CD" box="[943,1456,1548,1574]" country="France" location="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" specimenCode="UM-COS-1014" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB2FFEE90A2EF23C213F9CD" bold="true" box="[943,1138,1548,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="9A5A2FE3FFB2FFEE90A2EF23C251F9CF" box="[943,1072,1550,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Southwestern</locationDeviation>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3407651FFB2FFEE9739EF21C213F9CD" box="[1076,1138,1548,1572]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D51FD48FFB2FFEE978BEF21C2F3F9CD" box="[1158,1170,1548,1572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">1</specimenCount>
|
||||
right maxilla;
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBF19EBAFFB2FFEE961FEF21C3CDF9CD" box="[1298,1452,1548,1572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">UM-COS-1014</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFEE9020EF11C309F987" blockId="3.[813,1456,1596,1646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA01DFFB2FFEE9020EF11C5EDF9BB" baselines="1613,1614" box="[813,908,1596,1619]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Locality" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA01DFFB2FFEE909FEF6CC5DDF9BB" baselines="1614" box="[914,956,1601,1618]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
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<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA01DFFB2FFEE90CFEF6CC27CF9BB" baselines="1614" box="[962,1053,1601,1618]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="horizon" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">HORIZON</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. — Cos, fissure fill in the Quercy region (southwestern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3407651FFB2FFEE90B1EF7BC260F987" box="[956,1025,1622,1646]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
); lower Eocene (MP 10-11 interval).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D654AFFB2FFE99020EFBEC3D1F802" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFEE9020EFBEC5DCF942" blockId="3.[811,1457,1683,2028]" box="[813,957,1683,1709]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
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<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA01DFFB2FFEE9020EFBEC5DCF942" baselines="1702,1702" box="[813,957,1683,1709]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFEE9020EF9FC51EF925" blockId="3.[811,1457,1683,2028]" box="[813,895,1714,1740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB2FFEE9020EF9FC51EF925" box="[813,895,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB2FFE99020EFFFC313FAE6" blockId="3.[811,1457,1683,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[811,1458,1172,1773]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
The maxilla UM-COS-1014 is fairly preserved, although incomplete – the specimen corresponds to the anterior half of a right bone, while its posterior termination is broken off (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB2FFEE903BEE1FC515F8A5" box="[822,884,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The maximum anteroposterior length of this bone is
|
||||
<quantity id="4CAF9B24FFB2FFEE904BEE7FC5C0F884" box="[838,929,1874,1901]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The preserved portion of the maxilla bears nine and half tooth positions (five partly preserved teeth are still attached to the bone). It is elongated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB2FFEE97B6EEBFC346F845" box="[1211,1319,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and slightly anteromedially curved in dorsal and ventral views (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB2FFEE963FEE9FC3C0F825" box="[1330,1441,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); the anterior portion of the bone is convex laterally, forming slightly bent rod-shaped projection. Its dorsal surface is pierced by a dorsal foramen (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE992B6ED98C78EFB27" box="[443,495,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B30FFB5FFE992F8ED99C4EBFB27" author="SCANLON J. D." box="[501,650,1204,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref5134" refString="SCANLON J. D. 2001. - Montypythonoides: the Miocene snake Morelia riversleighensis (Smith and Plane, 1985) and the geographical origin of pythons. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 25: 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="2001">Scanlon 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), located at the level of the third tooth position (counted from anterior). Anteriorly, a distinct but short groove runs from that foramen. It continues anteriorly to the lateral side of the bone. The premaxillary process is smooth and rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB5FFE991A8EC19C498FAA7" box="[677,761,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). As typical for snakes, the maxilla lacks an articulation facet for the premaxilla. The medial margin of the anterior portion of the maxilla shows a stronger concavity, because from the sixth tooth position, the bone gradually widens posteriorly protruding into the palatine process (prefrontal process
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE991DCECF9C564FA04" box="[721,773,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B30FFB5FFE99389ECDEC741F9E4" author="SZYNDLAR Z." box="[132,288,1523,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref5883" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1984. - Fossil snakes from Poland. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 28 (1): 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1984">Szyndlar 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The palatine process is broad (it occupies an area from the sixth to ninth tooth positions).It is slightly hooked posteriorly (it projects posteromedially into a short process separated posteriorly from the rest of the bone by a rounded notch;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB5FFE993C2EF5EC745F964" box="[207,292,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Thus, it has the shape of a “shark dorsal fin” in dorsal and ventral views (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB5FFE992B9EFBEC44CF944" box="[436,557,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsal surface of the palatine process is pierced by a large posterior foramen (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB5FFE99380EFFFC6BFF904" box="[141,222,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) of the superior dental canal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE9911AEFFEC42AF905" box="[535,587,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B30FFB5FFE9915DEFFFC6DAF8E4" author="ANTHONY J. & SERRA R. G." pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="23 - 44" refId="ref3334" refString="ANTHONY J. & SERRA R. G. 1950. - Anatomie de l'appareil de la morsure chez " Eunectes murinus " L. (Boidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 10: 23 - 44." type="journal article" year="1950">Anthony & Serra 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This foramen is located in the anterior region of the process and is also visible in medial view. Another foramen which is called the vascular foramen (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE9911EEE1EC426F8A5" box="[531,583,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B30FFB5FFE99140EE1FC6DDF884" author="ANTHONY J. & SERRA R. G." pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="23 - 44" refId="ref3334" refString="ANTHONY J. & SERRA R. G. 1950. - Anatomie de l'appareil de la morsure chez " Eunectes murinus " L. (Boidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 10: 23 - 44." type="journal article" year="1950">Anthony & Serra 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) is located more posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the dental portion of the maxilla (slightly anterolaterally from the posterior notch of the palatine process). The CT scan reveals that all three foramina present on the dorsal surface of the bone converge in the same internal alveolar canal in which the two supralabial foramina (see below) also open. In posterior view, the palatine process is slightly inclined medioventrally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB5FFE9903BEDF9C5E7FB06" box="[822,902,1236,1263]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Thus, a shallow longitudinal depression is present between the dental portion and the process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB5FFE99603EDD9C305FAE6" box="[1294,1380,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF286649FFB5FFE99389ED03C3CCFBBF" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" startId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" targetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB5FFE99389ED03C3CCFBBF" blockId="4.[132,1457,1070,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA01DFFB5FFE99389ED03C6FCFBD7" baselines="1083,1083" box="[132,157,1070,1087]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in:
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE9975FED03C23EFBD6" bold="true" box="[1106,1119,1070,1087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
|
||||
, lateral;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE997AAED03C2D5FBD6" bold="true" box="[1191,1204,1070,1087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
|
||||
, medial;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE9960FED03C371FBD6" bold="true" box="[1282,1296,1070,1087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||||
, dorsal;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE99654ED03C306FBD6" bold="true" box="[1369,1383,1070,1087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
|
||||
, ventral;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE99389ED68C6F1FBBF" bold="true" box="[132,144,1093,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
|
||||
, anterior;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE993E8ED68C691FBBF" bold="true" box="[229,240,1093,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">F</emphasis>
|
||||
, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE991BEED68C4A0FBBF" bold="true" box="[691,705,1093,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">G</emphasis>
|
||||
, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB5FFE9904EEC38C36AF905" blockId="4.[811,1458,1172,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
In lateral view, the bone is low and presents a poorly defined suborbital margin. Note, however, that a well-visible vestige of the facial process (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE990E0EC78C240FA87" box="[1005,1057,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B30FFB5FFE9972AEC79C29FFA87" author="GAUTHIER J. A. & KEARNEY M. & MAISANO J. A. & RIEPPEL O. & BEHLKE A. D." box="[1063,1278,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="3 - 308" refId="ref3707" refString="GAUTHIER J. A., KEARNEY M., MAISANO J. A., RIEPPEL O. & BEHLKE A. D. 2012. - Assembling the squamate tree of life: perspectives from the pheno-type and the fossil record. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 53: 3 - 308." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||||
Gauthier
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE99783EC78C2A1FA87" box="[1166,1216,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2012
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) rises at the level of the anterior dorsal foramen and disappears at roughly the level of the palatine process. The external surface of the bone is pierced by two supralabial foramina in the anterior region. The larger of these two is the anterior one and it is located at the level of the posterior area of the third tooth position (counted from anterior). The smaller posterior supralabial foramen is located at the level of the posterior area of the fourth tooth position (counted from anterior). The rest of the external surface is smooth. The posterior portion of the maxilla, i.g., the posterior process, is broken off. Thus, it is unknown if it was flared or not. The presence or absence of an ectopterygoid process cannot be assessed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB5FFE99020EE3EC5F3F8C5" blockId="4.[813,914,1811,1836]" box="[813,914,1811,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<heading id="D0A081ADFFB5FFE99020EE3EC5F3F8C5" box="[813,914,1811,1836]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" reason="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923EAD3FFB5FFE99020EE3EC5F3F8C5" box="[813,914,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB5FFE99020EE1FC3D1F802" blockId="4.[812,1457,1842,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
The dentition is ankylosed-subthecodont.The teeth are mesiodistally wide, especially at their bases, however, they are also mediolaterally compressed. Although the tooth apiced are mostly broken off (the best preserved tooth is the fifth one,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C2A44FFB5FFE99020EE9FC5E1F825" box="[813,896,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-629@4.[131,794,253,771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Constrictores indet. from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality. UM-COS-1014 right maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; F, posterodorsomedial views. Detail of the fifth tooth in G, medial view. All images are micro-CT visualizations. Scale bars: A-F, 1 mm; G, 0.35 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||||
), they are clearly recurved. The anterior teeth appear to be the largest; the tooth size gradually decreases posteriorly.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D654AFFB4FFE89389E9F5C451FE18" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB4FFE89389E9F5C765FF19" blockId="5.[130,775,216,497]" box="[132,260,216,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA01DFFB4FFE89389E9F5C765FF19" baselines="235,235" box="[132,260,216,242]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comments" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">COMMENTS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE836C1FFB4FFE89389E9D5C451FE18" blockId="5.[130,775,216,497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
The number and size of supralabial foramina is an important feature for Constrictores. The size of these foramina depends on the number of nerve fibres and size of blood vessels that serve the sensory tissue of heat-sensing circumoral epithelium in snakes. In maxilla, this tissue is innervated by the maxillary and/or ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal, and perfused by branches of the superior maxillary artery, which pass through the supralabial foramina (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B30FFB4FFE89297E8FAC440FE18" author="YOUNG B. A." box="[410,545,471,497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="195 - 204" refId="ref6132" refString="YOUNG B. A. 1988. - The cephalic vascular anatomy of three species of sea snakes. Journal of Morphology 196 (2): 195 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1051960208" type="journal article" year="1988">Young 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue