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<mods:title id="2971611C28A4EE357526796FF3DB780C">Phylogenetic systematics, ecology, and conservation of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new biphasic species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="240967BD945E9C047812986C406B4ECE">Carvajal-Endara, Sofía</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D56A2958840553A1B86E46B94BCAF875">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40A7A468EDCB2386D2B3F8AE0486A7EA">Morales-Mite, Manuel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE1AC0AC7361D83908583E4B84A931FB">Székely, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8CEF3418B3C79C13728A19B9C877E04">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="DF65A94B0B02D63EFF2173C2F134F837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941951" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B02D63EFF2173C2F134F837" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF65A94B0B02D63EFF2173C2F134F837" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="0C3BAF310B02D640FF2173C2F7F2FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,709,1021,1047]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FF2173C2F7F2FBC1" ID-CoL="6JY8F" authority="Duellman & Hillis 1987" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,709,1021,1047]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF2173C2F7F2FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,709,1021,1047]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF2173C2F4A0FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,407,1021,1047]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B02D640FE2873C2F7F2FBC1" author="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M." box="[414,709,1021,1047]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="141 - 173" refId="ref42571" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M. (1987) Marsupial frogs (Anura: Hylidae: Gastrotheca) of the Ecuadorian Andes: resolution of taxonomic problems and phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 43, 141 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">Duellman & Hillis 1987</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B02D640FF21747BF743FA13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D640FF21747BF06CFB57" blockId="60.[151,1437,1092,2017]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B02D640FF21747BF06CFB57" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225191" collectingDate="1984-03-07" collectionCode="KU" collectorName="William E. Duellman." country="Ecuador" elevation="2750" latitude="-3.1199443" location="Giron" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.10789" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Azuay" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF21747BF43CFB8B" bold="true" box="[151,267,1092,1117]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B02D640FF21747BF431FB8B" box="[151,262,1092,1117]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="31DD80980B02D640FEA5747AF40BFB8A" box="[275,316,1093,1116]" country="USA" name="Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="University or college">KU</collectionCode>
|
||||
202690 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B02D640FE1E747BF72BFB8B" box="[424,540,1092,1117]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 10A</figureCitation>
|
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,
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<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B02D640FD9F747BF76BFB8B" box="[553,604,1092,1117]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@62.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 25. Adult female holotypes in preservative of (A) Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), and (B) Gastrotheca lojana (BMNH 1947.2.31.13, SVL = 57.0 mm). Photos A by Martín R. Bustamante; B by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628034/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">25A</figureCitation>
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), an adult female, from
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|
||||
(by road) northeast of
|
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<location id="52134E860B02D640FB09747BF034FB8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B02D63EFF2173C2F134F837:52134E860B02D640FB09747BF034FB8B" box="[1215,1283,1092,1117]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.1199443" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.10789" name="Giron" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" stateProvince="Azuay">Girón</location>
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,
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B02D640FEA97457F4E4FB56" box="[287,467,1128,1153]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-79.10789">79° 06' 28.4'' W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B02D640FE507456F7AAFB57" box="[486,669,1128,1153]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Azuay Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B02D640FD1E7457F630FB57" box="[680,775,1128,1153]" name="Ecuador" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, obtained on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B02D640FC2B7456F10DFB56" box="[925,1082,1128,1153]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1984-03-07">
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<collectingDate id="3336C7750B02D640FC2B7456F10DFB56" box="[925,1082,1128,1153]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1984-03-07">7 March 1984</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B02D640FBD27457F06CFB57" box="[1124,1371,1128,1153]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">William E. Duellman.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D640FF7174B3F743FA13" blockId="60.[151,1437,1092,2017]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF7174B3F48EFB73" bold="true" box="[199,441,1164,1189]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||||
(Total 28:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B02D640FD8274B2F7ACFB73" box="[564,667,1164,1189]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B02D640FD1074B3F612FB73" box="[678,805,1164,1189]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="female">15 females</specimenCount>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B02D640FC8174B3F6AEFB73" box="[823,921,1164,1189]" name="Ecuador" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B02D640FC1574B2F6C7FB73" box="[931,1008,1165,1189]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Azuay</collectingRegion>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B02D640FC4D74B2F4ABFB1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225214" collectionCode="CJ" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="CJ 386" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B02D640FC4D74B2F179FB73" box="[1019,1102,1164,1189]" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other institutional type">CJ 386</specimenCode>
|
||||
¯9 (females), 401¯4 (females, male), 1404¯8 (males)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B02D640FE1F748EF073FB3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225231" collectingDate="2011-06-09" collectionCode="KU" collectorName="Elicio E. Tapia & Sofia Carvajal-Endara & Henry Grefa" elevation="2834" latitude="-3.154389" location="San Fernando" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.26362" municipality="Laguna de Busa" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="KU 335388-9" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B02D640FE1F748EF77CFB1F" box="[425,587,1200,1225]" collectionCode="KU" country="USA" name="Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="University or college">KU 335388–9</specimenCode>
|
||||
(male, female),
|
||||
<location id="52134E860B02D640FCBE748FF69FFB1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B02D63EFF2173C2F134F837:52134E860B02D640FCBE748FF69FFB1F" box="[776,936,1200,1225]" latitude="-3.154389" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.26362" municipality="Laguna de Busa" name="San Fernando" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">San Fernando</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="B71782270B02D640FC03748EF147FB1E" box="[949,1136,1200,1225]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Laguna de Busa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
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<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FBCB748FF1E3FB1E" box="[1149,1236,1200,1224]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8339999999999996" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2834.0">
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<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B02D640FBCB748FF1E3FB1E" box="[1149,1236,1200,1224]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8339999999999996" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2834.0">2834 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B02D640FB53748FF0A0FB1E" box="[1253,1431,1200,1225]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-3.154389">03° 09' 15.8" S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B02D640FF2174EAF455FB3B" box="[151,354,1236,1261]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-79.26362">79° 15' 49.03" W</geoCoordinate>
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), collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B02D640FDBC74EAF7A3FB3B" box="[522,660,1237,1261]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2011-06-09">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B02D640FDBC74EAF7A3FB3B" box="[522,660,1237,1261]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2011-06-09">9 June 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B02D640FD7774EBF658FB3B" box="[705,879,1236,1261]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Elicio E. Tapia</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B02D640FCCD74EBF140FB3B" box="[891,1143,1236,1261]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Sofía Carvajal-Endara</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B02D640FB0774EAF073FB3B" box="[1201,1348,1236,1261]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Henry Grefa</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B02D640FAE674EAF1C2FAE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225242" collectingDate="2007-10-27" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="Sofia Carvajal-Endara & Amaranta Carvajal-Campos & Andrea Carvajal-Endara" elevation="2834" latitude="-3.154389" location="San Fernando" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.26362" municipality="Laguna de Busa" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="QCAZ 42734" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B02D640FAE674EAF5EAFAC6" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Museum">QCAZ 42734</specimenCode>
|
||||
(female),
|
||||
<location id="52134E860B02D640FEE174C7F4CEFAC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B02D63EFF2173C2F134F837:52134E860B02D640FEE174C7F4CEFAC7" box="[343,505,1272,1297]" latitude="-3.154389" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.26362" municipality="Laguna de Busa" name="San Fernando" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">San Fernando</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="B71782270B02D640FDB174C6F7F2FAC6" box="[519,709,1272,1297]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Laguna de Busa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FD6574C7F61BFAC6" box="[723,812,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8339999999999996" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2834.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B02D640FD6574C7F61BFAC6" box="[723,812,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8339999999999996" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2834.0">2834 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B02D640FC8874C7F6C3FAC6" box="[830,1012,1272,1297]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-3.154389">03° 09' 15.8" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B02D640FBB274C7F1E4FAC6" box="[1028,1235,1272,1297]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-79.26362">79° 15' 49.03" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B02D640FA3674C7F405FAE3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2007-10-27">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B02D640FA3674C7F405FAE3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2007-10-27">27 October 2007</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B02D640FEE97523F76AFAE3" box="[351,605,1308,1333]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Sofía Carvajal-Endara</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B02D640FDDC7522F692FAE3" box="[618,933,1308,1333]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Amaranta Carvajal-Campos</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B02D640FC687523F1C2FAE3" box="[990,1269,1308,1333]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Andrea Carvajal-Endara</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B02D640FAB77522F1ECFAAA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225204" collectingDate="2008-08-18" collectingDateMax="2008-08-20" collectingDateMin="2008-08-18" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="Sofia Carvajal-Endara" elevation="2834" latitude="-3.154389" location="San Fernando" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.26362" municipality="Laguna de Busa" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="QCAZ 42855" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B02D640FAB77522F0ABFAE3" box="[1281,1436,1308,1333]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Museum">QCAZ 42855</specimenCode>
|
||||
(female), 42857¯9 (females), 42861 (female), 42866 (male), 42871 (male),
|
||||
<location id="52134E860B02D640FC45757FF1A5FA8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B02D63EFF2173C2F134F837:52134E860B02D640FC45757FF1A5FA8F" box="[1011,1170,1344,1369]" latitude="-3.154389" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.26362" municipality="Laguna de Busa" name="San Fernando" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">San Fernando</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="B71782270B02D640FB28757EF06FFA8E" box="[1182,1368,1344,1369]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Laguna de Busa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FAD2757FF59AFAAA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8339999999999996" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2834.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B02D640FAD2757FF59AFAAA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8339999999999996" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2834.0">2834 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B02D640FF0A755BF451FAAA" box="[188,358,1380,1404]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-3.154389">03° 09' 15.8" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B02D640FEC4755BF700FAAA" box="[370,567,1380,1404]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-79.26362">79° 15' 49.03" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B02D640FD6E755BF682FAAA" box="[728,949,1380,1404]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2008-08-18" valueMax="2008-08-20" valueMin="2008-08-18">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B02D640FD6E755BF682FAAA" box="[728,949,1380,1404]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2008-08-18" valueMax="2008-08-20" valueMin="2008-08-18">18–20 August 2008</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B02D640FC68755BF1ECFAAA" box="[990,1243,1380,1404]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Sofía Carvajal-Endara</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B02D640FB53755BF746FA13" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225207" collectingDate="2010-12-01" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="Sofia Carvajal-Endara" elevation="2854" latitude="-3.1333807" location="San Gerardo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.19355" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="QCAZ 49973" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B02D640FB53755BF0B3FAAA" box="[1253,1412,1380,1404]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Museum">QCAZ 49973</specimenCode>
|
||||
¯4 (female, male), 49976¯8 (males),
|
||||
<location id="52134E860B02D640FD9075B7F78DFA77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B02D63EFF2173C2F134F837:52134E860B02D640FD9075B7F78DFA77" box="[550,698,1416,1441]" latitude="-3.1333807" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.19355" name="San Gerardo" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">San Gerardo</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FD7F75B7F615FA76" box="[713,802,1416,1441]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.854" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2854.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B02D640FD7F75B7F615FA76" box="[713,802,1416,1441]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.854" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2854.0">2854 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B02D640FC8075B7F6CBFA76" box="[822,1020,1416,1440]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-3.1333807">03° 08' 00.17" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B02D640FBBB75B7F1E9FA76" box="[1037,1246,1416,1441]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-79.19355">79° 11' 36.78" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B02D640FA3875B7F47EFA13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2010-12-01">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B02D640FA3875B7F47EFA13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2010-12-01">1 December 2010</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B02D640FEC57593F746FA13" box="[371,625,1452,1477]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Sofía Carvajal-Endara</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B02D641FF7175EFF76CFD52" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D640FF7175EFF0A7F887" blockId="60.[151,1437,1092,2017]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF7175EFF476FA3F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1488,1513]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||||
Included in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FDEC75EFF7D3FA3F" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[602,740,1488,1513]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FDEC75EFF7D3FA3F" box="[602,740,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a closed brood pouch on dorsum of female. A moderately large species (
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FE0D75CBF750F9DA" box="[443,615,1524,1549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.795" metricValueMax="6.24" metricValueMin="5.35" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="57.95" valueMax="62.4" valueMin="53.5">53.5– 62.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL in females, n = 22;
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FC3375CBF11FF9DA" box="[901,1064,1524,1549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3149999999999995" metricValueMax="5.74" metricValueMin="4.89" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="53.15" valueMax="57.4" valueMin="48.9">48.9–57.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL in males, n = 13) with tibia length 40¯54% SVL, slightly longer than foot; (2) interorbital distance about 1.5 times width of upper eyelid; (3) skin on dorsum smooth, not co-ossified with skull, lacking transverse ridges; (4) supraciliary processes absent; (5) heel lacking calcar or tubercle; (6) tympanic annulus distinct, smooth; (7) Fingers I and II about equal in length, width of discs notably wider than digits; (8) fingers unwebbed; (9) webbing between external toes extending to the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, to the distal subarticular tubercle on Toe V; (10) in life, dorsum green, brown, or tan with or without dark paravertebral marks or dark flecks; (11) head markings consisting of a pale cream labial stripe and narrow dark brown canthal stripe; (12) pale creamy white dorsolateral stripe present; (13) flanks, anterior surfaces of thighs and groin pale brown or tan slightly molted in some, posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown–gray with pale cream warts in some; (14) venter pale brownish gray; (15) brood pouch single, dorsal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D641FF717763F76CFD52" blockId="60.[151,1437,1092,2017]" lastBlockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FF717763F488F8A3" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[199,447,1884,1909]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF717763F488F8A3" box="[199,447,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
most closely resembles five other species in southern Ecuador—
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FB6B7762F058F8A2" box="[1245,1391,1885,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FB6B7762F058F8A2" box="[1245,1391,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FA327762F5C0F84F" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FA327762F5C0F84F" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. plumbea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FEB377BEF4B6F84E" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[261,385,1921,1944]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FEB377BEF4B6F84E" box="[261,385,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FE3977BEF71DF84E" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[399,554,1921,1944]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FE3977BEF71DF84E" box="[399,554,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FDDA77BEF6E7F84F" box="[620,976,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FDDA77BEF7E4F84F" box="[620,723,1920,1945]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">G. elicioi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FD6877BFF6E7F84F" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[734,976,1920,1945]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">Gastrotheca litonedis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
differs from all of them by having a pale brownish gray venter; whereas, the venter is uniform creamy white in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FC09779AF17DF86A" box="[959,1098,1957,1980]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FC09779AF17DF86A" box="[959,1098,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, cream in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FB70779AF07FF86B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1222,1352,1956,1981]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FB70779AF07FF86B" box="[1222,1352,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. plumbea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, cream with dark flecks or spots in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FE6A77F6F76DF836" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[476,602,1993,2016]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FE6A77F6F76DF836" box="[476,602,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FD2077F6F7CAF837" box="[662,765,1992,2017]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FD2077F6F7CAF837" box="[662,765,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and bronze or dark brown in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FBD777F6F1C8F836" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1121,1279,1993,2016]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FBD777F6F1C8F836" box="[1121,1279,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D641FAA577F7F5C0FF66" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D641FAA577F7F5C0FF66" italics="true" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, like
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FEF670A7F4F3FF66" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[320,452,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FEF670A7F4F3FF66" box="[320,452,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. plumbea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, has smooth skin on the dorsum, whereas it is finely granular in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FB6C70A7F073FF66" box="[1242,1348,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FB6C70A7F073FF66" box="[1242,1348,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FA3270A7F435FF02" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FA3270A7F435FF02" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, weakly areolate to smooth in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FDDF7082F7D0FF02" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[617,743,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FDDF7082F7D0FF02" box="[617,743,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and areolate in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FC127082F171FF02" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[932,1094,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FC127082F171FF02" box="[932,1094,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A pale supracloacal stripe is present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FEBA70DFF4BDFF2E" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[268,394,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FEBA70DFF4BDFF2E" box="[268,394,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FE2F70DFF723FF2E" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[409,532,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FE2F70DFF723FF2E" box="[409,532,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FDE470DFF7C6FF2E" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[594,753,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FDE470DFF7C6FF2E" box="[594,753,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but it is absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FC7370DFF178FF2E" box="[965,1103,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FC7370DFF178FF2E" box="[965,1103,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FB3370DFF033FF2E" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1157,1284,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FB3370DFF033FF2E" box="[1157,1284,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. plumbea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FAA570E0F5C3FECA" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FAA570E0F5C3FECA" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs further from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FE6D713AF76EFECB" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[475,601,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FE6D713AF76EFECB" box="[475,601,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a complex call structure (long and short pulsed-notes), which is simple in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FEBD7117F4BBFE96" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[267,396,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FEBD7117F4BBFE96" box="[267,396,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(only short pulsed-notes). The sister species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FC0D7117F10AFE96" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[955,1085,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FC0D7117F10AFE96" box="[955,1085,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the parapatric
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FABE7117F0A3FE96" box="[1288,1428,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FABE7117F0A3FE96" box="[1288,1428,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Distinctive morphological and coloration features (compare
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B03D641FCE87173F6DDFEB3" box="[862,1002,332,357]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 26" captionStart-1="FIGURE 27" captionStartId-0="63.[151,250,1831,1853]" captionStartId-1="64.[151,250,1380,1402]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1810]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1359]" captionTargetId-0="figure@63.[151,1436,193,1810]" captionTargetId-1="figure@64.[151,1436,193,1359]" captionTargetPageId-0="63" captionTargetPageId-1="64" captionText-0="FIGURE 26. Live adults of Gastrotheca litonedis showing variation in dorsal and ventral color pattern: (A) QCAZ 42858, female, SVL = 56.0 mm, (B) QCAZ 49977, male, SVL = 52.4 mm, (C) CJ 401 female, SVL = not taken, (D) CJ 402, female, SVL = not taken, (E) CJ 403, female, SVL = not taken, and (F) CJ 404, male, SVL = not taken. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." captionText-1="FIGURE 27. Live adults of Gastrotheca litonedis showing variation in lateral, groin, thighs and eye color pattern: (A) CJ 402, female, SVL = not taken, (B) CJ 404, male, SVL = not taken, and (C) CJ 403, female, SVL = not taken. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628036/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628038/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 26–27</figureCitation>
|
||||
, vs 2–4) are (character states for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FA327172F435FE5E" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FA327172F435FE5E" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in parentheses):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FE737150F780FE5E" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[453,695,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FE737150F780FE5E" box="[453,695,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is larger than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FCEB714FF6DFFE5E" box="[861,1000,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FCEB714FF6DFFE5E" box="[861,1000,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(SVL student’s t-test: t = -6.725, df = 99, p <0.001), has a bluntly rounded snout in profile (rounded snout inclined anteroventrally in profile); a narrow dark brown canthal stripe is present (absent or inconspicuous), a row of barely elevated dorsolateral warts (conspicuous, elevated), green, tan or brown dorsal surfaces of fingers (fingers cream dorsally), posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown (translucent cream with pale tinge blue or green). The call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FBF9723FF1E7FDCE" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1103,1232,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FBF9723FF1E7FDCE" box="[1103,1232,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a higher note rate, longer note duration, shorter inter-note interval, higher dominant frequency, and higher 90% bandwidth frequency compared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FE0B7277F77FFDB6" box="[445,584,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FE0B7277F77FFDB6" box="[445,584,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Finally, these two species also differ by having a genetic distance of 1.2 % (in a DNA dataset of 438 bp, 16S gene).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B03D63EFF7172B0F688FD53" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B03D641FF7172B0F4FFFCEE" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FF7172B0F48FFD7E" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[199,440,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FF7172B0F48FFD7E" box="[199,440,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is syntopic with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FDCE72AFF7E8FD7E" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[632,735,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FDCE72AFF7E8FD7E" box="[632,735,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FCA072AFF6A5FD7E" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[790,914,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FCA072AFF6A5FD7E" box="[790,914,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2, from which it differs notably by the texture of skin on dorsum, ventral coloration, and call structure. The skin on the dorsum is smooth in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FB05728AF005FD1B" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1203,1330,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FB05728AF005FD1B" box="[1203,1330,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, whereas it is finely granular in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FE1272E7F739FD26" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[420,526,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FE1272E7F739FD26" box="[420,526,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and coarsely granular in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FC8A72E7F68BFD26" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[828,956,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FC8A72E7F68BFD26" box="[828,956,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2; furthermore, both species have cream venters with dark flecks, spots, or mottling, and a complex call structure with long and short pulsed-notes (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B03D641FA3272C2F5E8FCEE" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FA3272C2F5E8FCEE" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
call in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B03D641FE847320F4B7FCEE" box="[306,384,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,426,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,409,1478]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Advertisement calls of Gastrotheca elicioi (A–G) and G. lojana (H–N): (A) oscillogram of two consecutive calls with the first call composed of five short and three long notes and the next call composed of five short and four long notes, (B) oscillogram of a single short note, (C) spectrogram of a single short note, (D) power spectrum of a single short note, (E) oscillogram of a single long note, (F) spectrogram of a single long note, (G) power spectrum of a single long note, (H) oscillogram of three consecutive calls, with the first call composed of one long and one short notes and the next two calls composed of one long and two short notes, (I) oscillogram of a single long note, (J) spectrogram of a single long note, (K) power spectrum of a single long note, (L) oscillogram of a single short note, (M) spectrogram of a single short note, (N) power spectrum of a single short note. All spectrograms at Hanning window function, 512 bands resolution. See text for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628018/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
H–N).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B03D641FF71737BF757FBC6" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FF71737BF40BFC8B" bold="true" box="[199,316,836,861]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphometric variation of
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B03D641FDC1737BF7C6FC8B" box="[631,753,836,861]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="female">22 females</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B03D641FC9E737BF6BAFC8B" box="[808,909,836,861]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
|
||||
(from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B03D641FC6C737BF1BDFC8B" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[986,1162,836,861]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) is summarized in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B03D641FAE8737BF590FC56" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="21.[147,235,582,605]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (in mm) of adults of Gastrotheca litonedis, G. lojana, G. cuencana, G. elicioi, G. turnerorum, G. pseustes 1, G. pseustes 2, G. psychrophila, G. monticola, and G. yacuri. Mean±SD, and range are given. Abbreviations are: SVL (snout–vent length), TIBL (tibia length), FL (foot length), HL (head length), HW (head width), IOD (interorbital distance), EW (eyelid width), IND (internarial distance), ED (eye diameter), EN (eye–nostril distance), TD (tympanum diameter), FFL (thumb length), TFL (third finger length) and TFD (third finger disc width)." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
. Females are larger than males (58.0±
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B03D641FDE07358F787FCA9" box="[598,688,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; 53.8±
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B03D641FD4B7358F66FFC56" box="[765,856,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
). The skin on the dorsum is mostly smooth in most specimens; however, in some specimens it is weakly areolate. All adults have a moderate supratympanic fold, which usually extends from the upper part of the tympanum to a point above the insertion of the forelimb. Some individuals have several small rounded tubercles anterolateral to the tympanum. Each dentigerous vomerine process has 2–10 teeth (5.4±1.6, n = 34).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B03D641FF717423F106FA83" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FF717423F709FBE2" box="[199,574,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Color variation in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||||
In most specimens the dorsum is bluish gray without marks; in a few specimens faint paravertebral marks are present. The narrow canthal stripe, flanks, and posterior surfaces of thighs are dark brown. A creamy white supralabial stripe from the posterior margin of the lip to the insertion of the forelimb is prominent in all specimens. Creamy white dorsolateral, supracloacal and heel stripes are present. On the posterior part of the flanks the coloration varies from small white flecks to mottling on a dark brown ground color. The anterior surfaces of the thighs are usually gray with black flecks or spots. The ventral surfaces are uniform dull gray in most specimens; some have a pale gray venter with evenly distributed dark flecks and spots, and in CJ 1412 the venter is pale gray with black markings. Some specimens have a faint tinge of pale blue on the ventral surfaces of the shanks. Males have a cream nuptial pad on the medial surface of the thumb.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B03D641FF717560F10CF96B" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FF717560F4FBFAAE" box="[199,460,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Color variation in life.</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B03D641FE6A7560F70BFAAE" box="[476,572,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 26. Live adults of Gastrotheca litonedis showing variation in dorsal and ventral color pattern: (A) QCAZ 42858, female, SVL = 56.0 mm, (B) QCAZ 49977, male, SVL = 52.4 mm, (C) CJ 401 female, SVL = not taken, (D) CJ 402, female, SVL = not taken, (E) CJ 403, female, SVL = not taken, and (F) CJ 404, male, SVL = not taken. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628036/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B03D641FDFC755FF75DFAAE" box="[586,618,1376,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1380,1402]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1359]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,193,1359]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 27. Live adults of Gastrotheca litonedis showing variation in lateral, groin, thighs and eye color pattern: (A) CJ 402, female, SVL = not taken, (B) CJ 404, male, SVL = not taken, and (C) CJ 403, female, SVL = not taken. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628038/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">27</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsum varies from uniform green (QCAZ 42858), to brown (CJ 404); in some individuals dark paravertebral marks and dark brown flecks are present (QCAZ 49977). The ventral surfaces are pale gray in most specimens; some have evenly distributed dark flecks and spots, and some have a faint bluish tinge on the ventral surfaces (QCAZ 49977). A narrow dark brown canthal stripe is present; a cream supralabial stripe extends from the posterior margin of the lip to the insertion of the forelimb. The tympanum is brown, tan, or olive green. The iris is reddish bronze with dense black reticulations. The posterior surfaces of the thighs are dark brown or cream with orange flecks. A cream dorsolateral stripe is evident in most individuals. The flanks, groin, and anterior surface of the thighs usually are bronze-brown or tan with cream or dark flecks and spots. In some individuals a pink-orange tinge is present in the groin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B03D641FC0E7640F13AF94E" box="[952,1037,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1380,1402]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1359]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,193,1359]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 27. Live adults of Gastrotheca litonedis showing variation in lateral, groin, thighs and eye color pattern: (A) CJ 402, female, SVL = not taken, (B) CJ 404, male, SVL = not taken, and (C) CJ 403, female, SVL = not taken. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628038/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The supracloacal and heel stripes are cream or tan, and the ventral surfaces of the shanks have a faint pale blue tinge.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B03D641FF7176F8F7BDF8A6" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B03D641FF7176F8F40FF936" bold="true" box="[199,312,1735,1760]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Tadpoles.</emphasis>
|
||||
Tadpoles belong to
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B03D641FD9476F7F76EF936" box="[546,601,1736,1760]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
IV tadpole of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B03D641FCB576F7F6ADF936" author="Orton, G. L." box="[771,922,1735,1760]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="63 - 75" refId="ref44349" refString="Orton, G. L. (1953) The systematics of vertebrate larvae. Systematic Zoology, 2 (2), 63 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2411661" type="journal article" year="1953">Orton (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and the exotroph, benthic ecomorphological guild. All measurements are expressed in millimeters. The following description is based on a specimen in Stage 37 (CJ 6558), from a series of 79 tadpoles (CJ 6557) born and reared in laboratory conditions, from a mother collected when gravid in the field (CJ 6018) at Laguna de Busa,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B03D641FCD9770BF6F0F89A" box="[879,967,1844,1868]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="2780.0">2780 m</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B03D641FC65770BF1BCF89B" box="[979,1163,1844,1869]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Azuay Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B03D641FB20770BF1C2F89B" box="[1174,1269,1844,1869]" name="Ecuador" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, by Manuel A. Morales-Mite on 0
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B03D641FEDF7768F723F8A6" box="[361,532,1879,1904]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="2016-01-06">6 January 2016</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B03D641FD957768F749F8A6" box="[547,638,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B03D63CFF717743F18EF87B" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1437,1508,2037]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Total length 52.8; body length 19.4 (37% of total length). Body ovoid in dorsal and lateral views, slightly depressed; throat slightly concave in lateral profile, sloping from tip of snout to belly; body width at the level of spiracle 12.5, and height at same position 10.3, head width at level of eyes 10.0. Lateral line system present but barely visible, supraorbital and infraorbital lines not evident at level of snout, infraorbital line present at level of the eye, touching the inferior portion of the orbit, and making contact with supraorbital line immediately behind the eye. Postorbital line represented by three stitches arranged in line and forming a 45-degree angle with the body plane. Angular line, anterior oral line and loreal lines not visible; dorsal body and middle body lines not visible. Nostril medium sized (in proportion to body length), ovoid, protruding, having a fleshy annulus, its opening directed anterolaterally. Snout–nostril distance 4.2; internarial distance 2.8. Eyes dorsally positioned; eye length 1.9, eye width 1.8; interorbital distance 5.2. Spiracle sinistral, located at midbody level, spiracular opening oriented posteriorly; distance from tip of snout to spiracular opening 12.9; end of spiracular tube rounded, attached to body wall, inner wall of spiracular tube not evident; spiracle length 2.7, spiracle transverse width 3.5. Vent tube dextral, opening oriented posteriorly, tube length 2.5, tube transverse width 2.2. Tail length 33.3; caudal musculature slender, narrowing gradually until tail terminus; caudal muscle height 4.1, width 3.6; caudal fins well developed and proportional, dorsal fin arising abruptly near tail-body junction; dorsal fin height 4.1, ventral fin height 3.7; maximum tail height 9.2; tail terminus rounded, caudal musculature not reaching fin terminus.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B00D642FF2177A8F1DFF81D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628034/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" startId="62.[151,250,1943,1965]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1921]" targetPageId="62">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B00D642FF2177A8F1DFF81D" blockId="62.[151,1436,1943,1995]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B00D642FF2177A8F42CF87B" bold="true" box="[151,283,1943,1965]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 25</emphasis>
|
||||
. Adult female holotypes in preservative of (A)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B00D642FCA477A8F6D9F87B" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[786,1006,1943,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B00D642FCA477A8F6D9F87B" box="[786,1006,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), and (B
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B00D642FA2277A8F0ABF87B" bold="true" box="[1428,1436,1943,1965]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">)</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B00D642FF21778AF46DF81D" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,346,1973,1995]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B00D642FF21778AF46DF81D" box="[151,346,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gastrotheca lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(BMNH 1947.2.31.13, SVL = 57.0 mm). Photos A by Martín R. Bustamante; B by LAC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B01D643FF217718F0BAF8AC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628036/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[151,250,1831,1853]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1810]" targetPageId="63">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B01D643FF217718F0BAF8AC" blockId="63.[151,1436,1831,1914]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B01D643FF217718F42CF8EB" bold="true" box="[151,283,1831,1853]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 26</emphasis>
|
||||
. Live adults of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B01D643FE727718F797F8EB" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[452,672,1831,1853]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B01D643FE727718F797F8EB" box="[452,672,1831,1853]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
showing variation in dorsal and ventral color pattern: (A) QCAZ 42858, female, SVL = 56.0 mm, (B) QCAZ 49977, male, SVL = 52.4 mm, (C) CJ 401 female, SVL = not taken, (D) CJ 402, female, SVL = not taken, (E) CJ 403, female, SVL = not taken, and (F) CJ 404, male, SVL = not taken. Not to scale. Photos by LAC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B7ED63CFF21755BF5E6FA6E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628038/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,250,1380,1402]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1359]" targetPageId="64">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7ED63CFF21755BF5E6FA6E" blockId="64.[151,1436,1380,1464]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7ED63CFF21755BF42EFAAC" bold="true" box="[151,281,1380,1402]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 27</emphasis>
|
||||
. Live adults of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7ED63CFE0F755BF7A4FAAC" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[441,659,1380,1402]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7ED63CFE0F755BF7A4FAAC" box="[441,659,1380,1402]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
showing variation in lateral, groin, thighs and eye color pattern: (A) CJ 402, female, SVL = not taken, (B) CJ 404, male, SVL = not taken, and (C) CJ 403, female, SVL = not taken. Not to scale. Photos by LAC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7ED63DFF717787F03DFE96" blockId="64.[151,1437,1508,2037]" lastBlockId="65.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
Oral disc small, ventral, located near tip of snout, not protruding laterally beyond body; transverse width 5.8. It is surrounded by a uniserial row of marginal papillae, interrupted medially on upper lip. Lower lip papillae alternate in orientation, giving appearance of two rows; upper lip with 23 papillae on right side and 23 papillae on left side; lower lip bearing 57 marginal papillae. Upper jaw sheath medium-sized, forming a smooth arch and finely serrated, transverse width 2.9 (50% of width of oral width) and height 0.3. Lower jaw sheath V- shaped, open and finely serrated, width 2.6, and height 0.7. Labial tooth row formula 2/3(1); tooth rows lengths: A1: 4.5, A2: 4.4, P1 right row 1.65, P1 left row 2.0, P1 gap 0.2, P2: 4.1, P3: 3.95. (See also
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B7FD63DFC057118F13EFE96" box="[947,1033,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1453,1475]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oral discs of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 38), from Cuenca (south control), Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 5292, Stage 35), from from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 4309, Stage 37), from El Tablón, Loja Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4311, Stage 36), from Barrio Puntzará Grande, Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1959, Stage 39), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627994/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
of CJ 5292, Stage 35).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7FD63DFF717173F193FDEB" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFF717173F460FEB3" box="[199,343,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||||
Based on a specimen in Stage 34 from a series (CJ 1947) obtained from San Fernando, Laguna de Busa,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B7FD63DFF68714FF4A2FE5E" box="[222,405,367,392]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Azuay Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7FD63DFE17714FF4CDFE51" box="[417,506,368,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8339999999999996" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="2834.0">2834 m</quantity>
|
||||
, by Elicio E. Tapia, Sofía Carvajal-Endara, and Henry Grefa on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B7FD63DFB60714FF068FE5E" box="[1238,1375,368,392]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2011-06-09">9 June 2011</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B7FD63DFAD97150F58BFE7B" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1453,1475]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oral discs of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 38), from Cuenca (south control), Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 5292, Stage 35), from from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 4309, Stage 37), from El Tablón, Loja Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4311, Stage 36), from Barrio Puntzará Grande, Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1959, Stage 39), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627994/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In dorsal view, body olive-gray, head and tail suffused with pink and cream. Flanks cream anteriorly to olivegray posteriorly. In ventral view, cream anteriorly in gular region; followed posteriorly by red gills visible troughout the throat, and olive-gray guts. Caudal musculature pink proximally, gradually becoming gray posteriorly; dorsal and ventral fins translucent, with olive stippling distributed regularly along length of tail except distally, where stippling diminishes. Spiracle and oral apparatus nearly translucent. Iris gold.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7FD63DFF717276F105FD1B" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFF717276F400FDB6" box="[199,311,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||||
Variation of 28 meristic characters of tadpoles in Stages 33–40 (CJ 5447, 5449, 5464–67, 6557, 6558) are shown in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B7FD63DFE317253F4D6FD52" box="[391,481,620,645]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="67.[147,238,554,577]" captionText="TABLE 8. Variation of 28 meristic characters of tadpoles in Stages 33–40 of Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 5447, 5449, 5464–67, 6557, 6558). Values are given in mm, mean±standard deviations (first row) and ranges (second row), number of specimens in parentheses. See Materials and methods for character abreviations." pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||||
. Total length varies between 31.4 (Stage 33) and 61.9 (Stage 40) and tail length proportion varies from 58% to 69% until Stage 40. Number of marginal papillae varies among specimens and Gosner stages; variation in number of ventral papillae at lower lip is high (39–66).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7FD63DFF7172E7F40FFC1E" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">We documented changes in coloration during ontogenetic development of CJ 1947 (Fig. 28A–C). At Stage 39, the dorsum and flanks are olive-gray with a diffuse pattern of gray paravertebral marks. By Stage 41, dorsum of body and limbs is green with well-defined dark green paravertebral marks; a cream dorsolateral stripe is bordered below by a fine black line; a creamy white stripe is present on face where upper lip will be formed. The flanks are greenish gray. At Stage 46, the dorsum is nearly uniform green; the paraverterbal marks are barely evident. The flanks are brown, and the iris is red. CJ 6813 is similar to the above described but has scattered cream flecks on a green dorsum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B7FD63DFF217705F012F8B9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628040/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,250,1850,1872]" targetBox="[151,1436,1021,1829]" targetPageId="65">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7FD63DFF217705F012F8B9" blockId="65.[151,1436,1850,1903]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFF217705F5CDF886" bold="true" box="[151,250,1850,1872]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE</emphasis>
|
||||
2
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFEA77705F429F886" bold="true" box="[273,286,1850,1872]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">8</emphasis>
|
||||
. Ontogenetic changes in live
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7FD63DFDD77705F608F886" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[609,831,1850,1872]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFDD77705F608F886" box="[609,831,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(CJ 1947) from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, Ecuador. Stages of Gosner: (A) Stage 39, (B) Stage 41, and (C) Stage 46. Scale = 5 mm. Photos by LAC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7FD63EFF7177A8F4B3FF03" blockId="65.[151,1437,1942,2003]" lastBlockId="66.[151,1436,151,2018]" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFF7177A8F453F878" box="[199,356,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||||
Tadpoles of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7FD63DFE4B77A9F7C7F879" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[509,752,1942,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFE4B77A9F7C7F879" box="[509,752,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may occur in sympatry with those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7FD63DFB0777A8F007F878" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1201,1328,1943,1966]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFB0777A8F007F878" box="[1201,1328,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7FD63DFA3277A8F5E8F805" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFA3277A8F5E8F805" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7FD63DFF5A7785F4ECF805" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[236,475,1978,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7FD63DFF5A7785F4ECF805" box="[236,475,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from them by having less pigmentation on dorsum and venter (compare in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B7FD63EFAC67785F590FF66" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It further differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFE0E70A7F728FF66" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[440,543,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFE0E70A7F728FF66" box="[440,543,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a lowest tail dorsal fin.and from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFBB970A7F1BBFF66" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1039,1164,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFBB970A7F1BBFF66" box="[1039,1164,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by lacking a reticulated pattern on the flanks.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7CD63EFF7170E0F4B6FE23" blockId="66.[151,1436,151,2018]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFF7170E0F456FF2E" bold="true" box="[199,353,223,248]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||||
A total of nine individuals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFD6970E0F6E1FF2E" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[735,982,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFD6970E0F6E1FF2E" box="[735,982,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were recorded from two locations (6 individuals from San Gerardo and 3 from San Fernando, Laguna de Busa) in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B7CD63EFB9D713BF1D4FECB" box="[1067,1251,260,285]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Azuay Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(Appendix III). Descriptive statistics of the acoustic variables are provided in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B7CD63EFCEA7118F684FE96" box="[860,947,295,320]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
. The advertisement call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFB5D7117F05CFE96" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1259,1387,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFB5D7117F05CFE96" box="[1259,1387,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a simple call, composed of a series of short, single-pulsed notes, emitted at regular intervals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B7CD63EFB747173F031FEB2" box="[1218,1286,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1089,1111]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,206,1053]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1068]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 8. Advertisement calls of Gastrotheca cuencana (A–D) and G. litonedis (E–H): (A) oscillogram of a three notes section of the call, (B) oscillogram of a single note, (C) spectrogram of a single note, (D) power spectrum of a single note, (E) oscillogram of a four notes section of the call, (F) oscillogram of a single note, (G) spectrogram of a single note, (H) power spectrum of a single note. All spectrograms at Hanning window function, 512 bands resolution. See text for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627998/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
E–H). In our recordings, the calls have between 1 and 21 notes per call. The notes have a mean duration of
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B7CD63EFB047150F035FE51" box="[1202,1282,367,392]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" precision="55" value="-0.075">0.075 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(SD = 0.025) and a mean inter-note interval of
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B7CD63EFDBA71ABF76AFE7A" box="[524,605,404,429]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" precision="55" value="-1.768">1.768 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(SD = 0.286). The mean dominant frequency of the call is 1224.0 Hz (SD = 66.415), with mean 90% bandwidth of 1114.7–1308.1 Hz. The fundamental frequency and harmonics are not clearly recognizable.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7CD63EFF71723FF688FD53" blockId="66.[151,1436,151,2018]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFF71723FF453FDC1" box="[199,356,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||||
The advertisement call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFD2171C0F6BDFDCE" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[663,906,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFD2171C0F6BDFDCE" box="[663,906,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFBC0723FF036FDCE" box="[1142,1281,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFBC0723FF036FDCE" box="[1142,1281,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; all the other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFEA2721BF4AAFDEB" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[276,413,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFEA2721BF4AAFDEB" box="[276,413,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species in the southern Ecuadorian Andes have complex calls. However, the call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFA32721AF5CFFDB6" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFA32721AF5CFFDB6" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a higher note rate, longer note duration, shorter inter-note interval, higher dominant frequency, and higher 90% bandwidth frequency compared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFD747252F67BFD52" box="[706,844,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFD747252F67BFD52" box="[706,844,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B7CD63EFCEC7253F686FD53" box="[858,945,620,645]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B7CD63EFF7172B0F148F948" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7CD63EFF7172B0F191FA81" blockId="66.[151,1436,151,2018]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFF7172B0F4CCFD7E" bold="true" box="[199,507,655,680]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFDB172B0F7CBFD7E" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[519,764,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFDB172B0F7CBFD7E" box="[519,764,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from three localities (ca. Girón, San Fernando (Laguna de Busa), San Gerardo) on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Occidental in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B7CD63EFBE8728BF023FD1B" box="[1118,1300,692,717]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Azuay Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B7CD63EFA92728BF05EFD1A" box="[1316,1385,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,553,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,553,1484]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 9. Localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca cuencana (green), G. litonedis (red), G. elicioi (black), G. psychrophila (orange), G. turnerorum (blue), G. lojana (white), and G. yacuri (yellow). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol. Inset map indicates location of southern Ecuador (box) in Ecuador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628000/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Its elevational range is
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7CD63EFE3972E5F705FD24" box="[399,562,730,755]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.802" metricValueMax="2.854" metricValueMin="2.75" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="2802.0" valueMax="2854.0" valueMin="2750.0">2750–2854 m</quantity>
|
||||
in an area of extent of occurrence of about
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7CD63EFBDF72E4F1FAFD25" box="[1129,1229,730,755]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="km" value="10.2">10.2 km</quantity>
|
||||
<superScript id="A0B9B5150B7CD63EFB7B72E8F1E2FD33" attach="left" box="[1229,1237,727,741]" fontSize="6" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">2</superScript>
|
||||
. This nocturnal, semiarboreal species inhabits forest and disturbed areas in the Evergreen Montane Forest of Cordillera Occidental of the Andes (Ministerio de Ambiente del
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B7CD63EFDD8731DF7FCFCED" box="[622,715,802,827]" name="Ecuador" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
2012), where the average annual rainfall is
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7CD63EFB04731DF072FCEC" box="[1202,1349,802,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.345" metricValueMax="6.58" metricValueMin="6.11" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="634.5" valueMax="658.0" valueMin="611.0">611–658 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and the average annual temperature is 12.2–12.5 °C (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B7CD63EFD387379F6BEFC89" author="Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J." box="[654,905,838,863]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="4302 - 4315" refId="ref42752" refString="Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. (2017) WorldClim 2: new 1 - km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37 (12), 4302 - 4315. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / joc. 5086" type="journal article" year="2017">Fick & Hijmans 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Most of the specimens collected at Laguna de Busa were found among totora reeds (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFDF27355F648FC55" box="[580,895,874,899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenoplectus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFDF27355F648FC55" box="[580,895,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Schoenoplectus californicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) at the border of the lagoon. Males were calling from totora reeds at approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7CD63EFD9E73B0F747FC71" box="[552,624,911,935]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
|
||||
above ground. Females were perched on totora reeds approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7CD63EFA3673B0F58EFC1C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||||
above ground and along small streams that were close to the lagoon. Some males also were calling from branches of shrubs around the lagoon approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7CD63EFD5173E9F611FC39" box="[743,806,982,1007]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5 m</quantity>
|
||||
above ground. During the day a male and a female were basking on leaves of calla lilies (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFDBD73C5F629FBC5" box="[523,798,1018,1043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Zantedeschia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFDBD73C5F629FBC5" box="[523,798,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Zantedeschia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), which were present along irrigation ditches, bordering pastures. At this locality,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFE007421F790FBE1" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[438,679,1054,1079]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFE007421F790FBE1" box="[438,679,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is syntopic with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFCDC7420F6D1FBE1" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[874,998,1055,1079]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFCDC7420F6D1FBE1" box="[874,998,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFC4E741FF15EFBE1" box="[1016,1129,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFB1D7420F039FBE1" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[1195,1294,1054,1079]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFB1D7420F039FBE1" box="[1195,1294,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; all of them have a biphasic mode of development, in which brooding females release tadpoles in ponds, where they complete their development (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B7CD63EFEC57459F4CCFBA9" box="[371,507,1126,1151]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionStartId-1="35.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetId-0="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId-1="figure@35.[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId-0="34" captionTargetPageId-1="35" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. (A) Habitat of Gastrotheca elicioi, G. lojana, G. pseustes, G. psychrophila, and G. turnerorum at the Abra de Zamora, Loja Province, (B) habitat at the type locality of G. cuencana in Cuenca, Azuay Province, (C) habitat of G. turnerorum and G. yacuri at Lagunas Negras, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, (D) habitat of G. litonedis, G. lojana, and G. pseustes at Laguna de Busa, Azuay Province, (E) habitat of Gastrotheca lojana at El Tablón, Loja Province, (F) habitat of G. pseustes and (G–H) habitats of G. elicioi at Loja and 15 Km N of Loja, Loja Province. Photos A–B, E, G, H by LAC, C by PS, D by MMM, and F by Jan Verkade." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628004/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In all the visits made to this locality (
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B7CD63EFC007459F165FBA9" box="[950,1106,1126,1151]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2007-10">October 2007</date>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B7CD63EFB3C7459F077FBA9" box="[1162,1344,1126,1151]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2007-12">December 2007</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B7CD63EFAFD7458F5E5FB75" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2008-08">August 2008</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B7CD63EFF6974B4F460FB75" box="[223,343,1163,1187]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2011-06">June 2011</date>
|
||||
), gravid females were found, as well as tadpoles in small streams, temporary ponds, and at the edge of the lagoon. One of the gravid females collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B7CD63EFC857490F68DFB11" box="[819,954,1199,1223]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2011-06-09">9 June 2011</date>
|
||||
was transported to the laboratory, where it deposited 96 tadpoles. At San Gerardo, most individuals were found on the border of an irrigation ditch in a pasture. Males were calling from the grass at approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7CD63EFCEB74C9F691FAD9" box="[861,934,1270,1295]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||||
above ground. At this locality,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFAAA74C8F0ACFAD9" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1308,1435,1271,1295]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFAAA74C8F0ACFAD9" box="[1308,1435,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFF167523F425FAE5" box="[160,274,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||||
) also was found. A brooding female of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFD557524F654FAE5" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[739,867,1306,1331]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFD557524F654FAE5" box="[739,867,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, showing heliophilic behavior during most of the incubation time, under captive conditions in an outdoor enclosure, is depicted in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B7CD63EFB967501F194FA81" box="[1056,1187,1342,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 10C</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7CD63EFF71755DF148F948" blockId="66.[151,1436,151,2018]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFF71755DF48BFAAD" bold="true" box="[199,444,1378,1403]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||||
IUCN categorizes
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFD25755DF6B2FAAD" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[659,901,1378,1403]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFD25755DF6B2FAAD" box="[659,901,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as Endangered (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B7CD63EFB89755DF02AFAAD" author="Coloma, L. A. & Ron, S. & Morales, M." box="[1087,1309,1378,1403]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="2013" refId="ref41990" refString="Coloma, L. A., Ron, S. & Morales, M. (2004) Gastrotheca litonedis. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Fersion 2013.2. Available from: www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 30 October 2018)" type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||||
Coloma
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFB16755BF1EEFAAD" box="[1184,1241,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2004
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, the current assessment was based on information combining the two species described in this study (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFAAD75B8F0ABFA49" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1307,1436,1414,1439]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFAAD75B8F0ABFA49" box="[1307,1436,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFF717594F466FA15" box="[199,337,1451,1475]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFF717594F466FA15" box="[199,337,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Thus, we re-categorize this species as Critically Endangered, according with IUCN criteria and sub-criteria B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv). Currently, the known area of occurrence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFC7675EDF177FA3C" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[960,1088,1489,1514]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFC7675EDF177FA3C" box="[960,1088,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is extremely small (
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7CD63EFA9075EDF0B3FA3C" box="[1318,1412,1489,1514]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="km" value="10.2">10.2 km</quantity>
|
||||
<superScript id="A0B9B5150B7CD63EFA3275F1F0BBFA0A" attach="left" box="[1412,1420,1486,1500]" fontSize="6" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">2</superScript>
|
||||
), and its area of occupancy is even smaller; although we suspect that its distribution might increase as further searches are conducted. Its populations are in heavily human populated areas. For example, the surroundings of Laguna de Busa have been deforested and modified for human activities (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B7CD63EFBB97602F14CF980" box="[1039,1147,1597,1622]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. (A) Habitat of Gastrotheca elicioi, G. lojana, G. pseustes, G. psychrophila, and G. turnerorum at the Abra de Zamora, Loja Province, (B) habitat at the type locality of G. cuencana in Cuenca, Azuay Province, (C) habitat of G. turnerorum and G. yacuri at Lagunas Negras, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, (D) habitat of G. litonedis, G. lojana, and G. pseustes at Laguna de Busa, Azuay Province, (E) habitat of Gastrotheca lojana at El Tablón, Loja Province, (F) habitat of G. pseustes and (G–H) habitats of G. elicioi at Loja and 15 Km N of Loja, Loja Province. Photos A–B, E, G, H by LAC, C by PS, D by MMM, and F by Jan Verkade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628004/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The lake contains two introduced, predatory fish (trout and carp) and its surroundings are greatly altered by the introduction of exotic eucalyptus and conifers. Additional threats at this site are unregulated tourisms activities.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B7CD63EFF717696F134F837" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B7CD63EFF717696F134F837" blockId="66.[151,1436,151,2018]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFF717696F478F914" bold="true" box="[199,335,1705,1730]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||||
In the original description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFD147696F1EDF914" authority=", Duellman and Hillis (1987)" authorityName=", Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[674,1242,1705,1730]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFD147696F6A4F914" box="[674,915,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Gastrotheca litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B7CD63EFC147696F1EDF914" author="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M." box="[930,1242,1705,1730]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="141 - 173" refId="ref42571" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M. (1987) Marsupial frogs (Anura: Hylidae: Gastrotheca) of the Ecuadorian Andes: resolution of taxonomic problems and phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 43, 141 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">Duellman and Hillis (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
included data on nine males and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B7CD63EFEF376F2F4F4F930" box="[325,451,1741,1766]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="female">15 females</specimenCount>
|
||||
. As noted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B7CD63EFDEC76F2F62AF930" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[602,797,1741,1766]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, of these specimens, only the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B7CD63EFBDD76F2F1E7F930" box="[1131,1232,1741,1766]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, KU 202690, is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFA3276F1F5C0F8DC" authorityName=", Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFA3276F1F5C0F8DC" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The other specimens used by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B7CD63EFDE476CEF643F8DC" author="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M." box="[594,884,1777,1802]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="141 - 173" refId="ref42571" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M. (1987) Marsupial frogs (Anura: Hylidae: Gastrotheca) of the Ecuadorian Andes: resolution of taxonomic problems and phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 43, 141 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">Duellman & Hillis (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
are identified herein as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFB3576CDF03BF8DF" box="[1155,1292,1778,1801]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFB3576CDF03BF8DF" box="[1155,1292,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In addition, the photograph published as the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B7CD63EFDA3772AF740F8F8" box="[533,631,1813,1838]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFD127729F610F8F8" authorityName=", Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[676,807,1813,1838]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFD127729F610F8F8" box="[676,807,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B7CD63EFCEF772AF014F8F8" author="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M." box="[857,1315,1813,1838]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="141 - 173" refId="ref42571" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M. (1987) Marsupial frogs (Anura: Hylidae: Gastrotheca) of the Ecuadorian Andes: resolution of taxonomic problems and phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 43, 141 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||||
Duellman and Hillis (1987:156:
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B7CD63EFB62772AF02DF8F8" box="[1236,1306,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,553,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,553,1484]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 9. Localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca cuencana (green), G. litonedis (red), G. elicioi (black), G. psychrophila (orange), G. turnerorum (blue), G. lojana (white), and G. yacuri (yellow). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol. Inset map indicates location of southern Ecuador (box) in Ecuador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628000/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is not the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B7CD63EFF217706F5CAF884" box="[151,253,1849,1874]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. The frog in the photograph is actually
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFD687705F67DF884" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[734,842,1849,1874]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFD687705F67DF884" box="[734,842,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(KU 148794, from
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B7CD63EFB8B7705F14CF884" box="[1085,1147,1849,1874]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||||
SSW of Saraguro,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B7CD63EFADF7706F5C9F8A0" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B7CD63EFEBA7762F458F8A0" box="[268,367,1885,1910]" name="Ecuador" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
). Also, the frog QCAZ 2692 depicted in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B7CD63EFCE57762F186F8A0" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[851,1201,1885,1910]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015: Fig. 11.12B)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFB6E7761F074F8A0" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[1240,1347,1885,1910]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFB6E7761F074F8A0" box="[1240,1347,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(not
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFA327761F5C0F84C" authorityName=", Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFA327761F5C0F84C" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Genetic sequences generated in this study from tissues of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B7CD63EFC0C77BEF12BF84C" box="[954,1052,1921,1946]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
differ from the sequences of other specimens generated and published by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B7CD63EFD37779AF64FF868" author="Wiens, J. J. & Kuczynski, C. A. & Duellman, W. E. & Reeder, T. W." box="[641,888,1957,1982]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1886 - 1899" refId="ref46099" refString="Wiens, J. J., Kuczynski, C. A., Duellman, W. E. & Reeder, T. W. (2007) Loss and re-evolution of complex life cycles in marsupial frogs: Does ancestral trait reconstruction mislead? Evolution, 61 (8), 1886 - 1899. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.2007.00159. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Wiens
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFD6F7798F62BF868" box="[729,796,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2007)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(Genbank numbers:
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="489F85BE0B7CD63EFB32779AF034F868" box="[1156,1283,1957,1982]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ679395" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">DQ679395</accessionNumber>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="489F85BE0B7CD63EFAAE779AF0AFF868" box="[1304,1432,1957,1982]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ679355" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">DQ679355</accessionNumber>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="489F85BE0B7CD63EFF2177F6F421F834" box="[151,278,1993,2018]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ679323" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">DQ679323</accessionNumber>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="489F85BE0B7CD63EFE9777F6F495F834" box="[289,418,1993,2018]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ679287" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">DQ679287</accessionNumber>
|
||||
), which are more similar to sequences of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B7CD63EFCC477F5F6CAF834" box="[882,1021,1994,2018]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuencana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B7CD63EFCC477F5F6CAF834" box="[882,1021,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. cuencana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
503
data/DF/65/A9/DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C.xml
Normal file
503
data/DF/65/A9/DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="68906469D52134FC788CC973CFFC5BC6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D2575FC8E3914EBFB6C5B7E516368771">
|
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<mods:title id="7DEABD7A9BDF31BC1100A9A662784F72">Phylogenetic systematics, ecology, and conservation of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new biphasic species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF46035FD7FE9FB0D7F1256129439F53">Carvajal-Endara, Sofía</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="DDE7068A9DB58EA1299D3C2979750559">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="44D8876537C2F295BA815A8AA6A677DB">Morales-Mite, Manuel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A6F04BD0587500690B6963968FFD6EA6">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D2BDB5BBC8B14A41F202CFAC04CA148E">Székely, Paul</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="836B52D41BDFFCFC2E5C543A7E1EAA04">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="24E99141691E645C052CDDDA0630D34F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CEB1E51FE8EBBEA48D7A947CAD6698A4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="07DBB469CCDF84162D4E8C49B9B9FA99">
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<mods:date id="9617B764049B7CB696CD64A35CD6C9B6">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CFB9649B0841ADE218DB5B436006B7C9">2019-02-27</mods:number>
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<treatment id="DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941949" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533708" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF2172E8F4D5FD24" bold="true" box="[151,482,727,754]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFF2172E8F449FD27" ID-CoL="6K9VY" authority="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman, 2019" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,382,727,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF2172E8F449FD27" bold="true" box="[151,382,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7E8B79340B09D64BFE3272E7F4D5FD24" box="[388,482,728,754]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF2172C4F6EEFCC2" blockId="55.[151,985,727,788]" box="[151,985,763,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<uri id="235D145F0B09D64BFF2172C4F6EEFCC2" box="[151,985,763,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="236A22880B09D64BFE1372C4F6EEFCC2" box="[421,985,763,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">6261932E-02AB-4C9E-B2BD-BD213BBDC771</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D64BFF21737EF4F9FC3C" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF21737EF678FC74" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B09D64BFF21737EF678FC74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225238" collectingDate="2016-04-09" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" county="Paul Szekely" elevation="2914" latitude="-4.702325" location="El Salado de Jimbura" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.45002" municipality="Parque Nacional Yacuri" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="CJ 7822" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF21737EF43CFC8C" bold="true" box="[151,267,833,858]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B09D64BFF21737EF431FC8C" box="[151,262,833,858]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B09D64BFEA4737DF447FC8C" box="[274,368,834,858]" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Other institutional type">CJ 7822</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B09D64BFE36737EF73EFC8C" box="[384,521,833,858]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="56.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="57.[151,250,1516,1538]" captionTargetBox-0="[414,1173,172,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetId-0="figure@56.[395,1192,141,1953]" captionTargetId-1="figure@57.[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetPageId-0="56" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos by Diego Acosta-López." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri showing details of color and texture in groin, thighs, shanks, eye, and tympanum. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos on left side by Diego Acosta-López, on right side by PS." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628026/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628028/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
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), an adult male, from
|
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<location id="52134E860B09D64BFCB5737EF6C0FC8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C:52134E860B09D64BFCB5737EF6C0FC8C" box="[771,1015,833,858]" country="Ecuador" county="Paul Szekely" latitude="-4.702325" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.45002" municipality="Parque Nacional Yacuri" name="El Salado de Jimbura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Loja">El Salado de Jimbura</location>
|
||||
, at about
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFBD3737EF184FC8C" box="[1125,1203,833,858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="2.5">2.5 km</quantity>
|
||||
(by road) west from the entrance in the
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="B71782270B09D64BFEDB7359F74CFCA8" box="[365,635,869,894]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Parque Nacional Yacuri</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFD307359F7ECFCAB" box="[646,731,870,894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9139999999999997" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2914.0">
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</quantity>
|
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B09D64BFC047359F14EFCA8" box="[946,1145,870,894]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-79.45002">79° 27' 00.09" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B09D64BFB3B735AF019FCA8" box="[1165,1326,869,894]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFA8F735AF0AFFCA8" box="[1337,1432,869,894]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B09D64BFE9073B5F482FC74" box="[294,437,905,930]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2016-04-09">
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<collectingDate id="3336C7750B09D64BFE9073B5F482FC74" box="[294,437,905,930]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2016-04-09">9 April 2016</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="BE1260D10B09D64BFE6973B6F746FC74" box="[479,625,905,930]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Paul Székely</collectingCounty>
|
||||
and Diana Székely.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF717392F4F9FC3C" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B09D64BFF717392F4FDFC3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225240" collectingDate="2002-06-26" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" elevation="2712" location="El Salado de Jimbura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="QCAZ 21105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF717392F40CFC10" bold="true" box="[199,315,941,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B09D64BFF717392F401FC10" box="[199,310,941,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFEF47392F493FC10" box="[322,420,941,966]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B09D64BFE197392F4D0FC10" box="[431,487,941,966]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B09D64BFE447391F7B9FC10" box="[498,654,941,966]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Museum">QCAZ 21105</specimenCode>
|
||||
, adult male, from
|
||||
<location id="52134E860B09D64BFCEA7392F178FC10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C:52134E860B09D64BFCEA7392F178FC10" box="[860,1103,941,966]" country="Ecuador" name="El Salado de Jimbura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Loja">El Salado de Jimbura</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFBEC7391F185FC13" box="[1114,1202,942,966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7119999999999997" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2712.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B09D64BFBEC7391F185FC13" box="[1114,1202,942,966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7119999999999997" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2712.0">2712 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
, on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B09D64BFB547392F04EFC10" box="[1250,1401,941,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2002-06-26">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B09D64BFB547392F04EFC10" box="[1250,1401,941,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2002-06-26">26 June 2002</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by Fernando Nogales Sornoza
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D64BFF7173CAF13EFBE4" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF7173CAF13EFBE4" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF7173CAF498FBD8" bold="true" box="[199,431,1013,1038]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Referred specimen.</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B09D64BFE0073CAF132FBE4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225199" collectionCode="SVL" country="Ecuador" county="Not" elevation="3492" latitude="-4.708836" location="Parque Nacional Yacuri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.43044" municipality="Lagunas Negras" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFE0073CAF72FFBD8" box="[438,536,1013,1038]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B09D64BFD9473CAF76DFBD8" box="[546,602,1013,1038]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="BE1260D10B09D64BFDD373C9F7B8FBDB" box="[613,655,1014,1037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Not</collectingCounty>
|
||||
collected (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B09D64BFCBD73CAF645FBD8" box="[779,882,1013,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. (A) Habitat of Gastrotheca elicioi, G. lojana, G. pseustes, G. psychrophila, and G. turnerorum at the Abra de Zamora, Loja Province, (B) habitat at the type locality of G. cuencana in Cuenca, Azuay Province, (C) habitat of G. turnerorum and G. yacuri at Lagunas Negras, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, (D) habitat of G. litonedis, G. lojana, and G. pseustes at Laguna de Busa, Azuay Province, (E) habitat of Gastrotheca lojana at El Tablón, Loja Province, (F) habitat of G. pseustes and (G–H) habitats of G. elicioi at Loja and 15 Km N of Loja, Loja Province. Photos A–B, E, G, H by LAC, C by PS, D by MMM, and F by Jan Verkade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628004/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 11O</figureCitation>
|
||||
), subadult,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFC4273C9F174FBDB" box="[1012,1091,1014,1038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="31DD80980B09D64BFBFC73C9F1B5FBD8" box="[1098,1154,1014,1038]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||||
, from nearby of
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="B71782270B09D64BFA8B73C9F5DEFBE4" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lagunas Negras</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="52134E860B09D64BFF427425F736FBE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C:52134E860B09D64BFF427425F736FBE4" box="[244,513,1049,1074]" country="Ecuador" county="Not" latitude="-4.708836" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.43044" municipality="Lagunas Negras" name="Parque Nacional Yacuri" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Loja">Parque Nacional Yacuri</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFDBA7425F756FBE7" box="[524,609,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.492" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="3492.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B09D64BFDBA7425F756FBE7" box="[524,609,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.492" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="3492.0">3492 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B09D64BFDC77425F61DFBE4" box="[625,810,1050,1074]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-4.708836">04° 42' 31.81" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B09D64BFC817425F6CAFBE4" box="[823,1021,1049,1074]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-79.43044">79° 25' 49.61" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D64BFF717402F703F8F0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF717402F1E8F9FC" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF717402F409FB80" bold="true" box="[199,318,1085,1110]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||||
Included in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFD8A7402F7F5FB80" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[572,706,1085,1110]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFD8A7402F7F5FB80" box="[572,706,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by molecular evidence and general morphological similarity with species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFEA4745EF497FBAC" box="[274,416,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFEA4745EF4ABFBAC" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[274,412,1121,1146]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gastrotheca</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Although females are unknown, we infer presence of dorsal brood pouch because all its closely related species have it. A moderately large species (
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFC8F74BAF6EBFB4B" box="[825,988,1157,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8149999999999995" metricValueMax="5.89" metricValueMin="5.74" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="58.15" valueMax="58.9" valueMin="57.4">57.4–58.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL in males, n = 2) with tibia length 47¯49% SVL, larger than foot; (2) interorbital distance greater than width of upper eyelid; (3) skin on dorsum weakly granular to smooth, co-ossified with skull, having a transverse ridge at occipital region; (4) supraciliary processes absent; (5) heel lacking calcar or tubercle; (6) tympanic annulus smooth; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II, width of discs much wider than digits; (8) fingers unwebbed; (9) toes one-half webbed, webbing extending to antepenultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, to penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe V; (10) in life, dorsum uniform green or brown with brown paravertebral marks; (11) head markings consisting of brown labial stripe with cream glandular areas at posterior end, canthal and supraciliary stripe of black, brown, and bronze; (12) dorsolateral stripe absent or present, when present above consisting in a series of bronze and cream warts, bordered below with a black and brown line, (13) flanks brown and green with a blue and black reticulum towards the lower flanks, axillae, groin, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, shanks, and tarsus; brown pelvic patch; (14) venter cream with nearly uniformly distributed, small, dark brown marks or brown with cream marks; gular region dark brown in males.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF71760AF703F8F0" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFF71760AF495F99B" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,418,1589,1614]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF71760AF495F99B" box="[199,418,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from all other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFC95760AF69BF998" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[803,940,1589,1614]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFC95760AF69BF998" box="[803,940,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFBF6760AF1AAF998" box="[1088,1181,1589,1614]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
by having a blue and black reticulated pattern on flanks, axilla, groin, thighs, and shanks. It most closely resembles two other species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFA327665F5C3F943" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFA327665F5C3F943" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFE987641F4E8F940" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1974" box="[302,479,1661,1686]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychrophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFE987641F4E8F940" box="[302,479,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G. psychrophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having the blue colors, but they lack a blue and black reticulum (compare these species in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B09D64BFEB8769EF456F96C" box="[270,353,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFEC1769EF778F96F" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[375,591,1697,1722]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFEC1769EF778F96F" box="[375,591,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from its sister species,
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFC1B769DF176F96F" box="[941,1089,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFC1B769DF10AF96F" box="[941,1085,1698,1721]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">G. aguaruna</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
from the Cordillera Central in northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFF4A76F9F405F90B" box="[252,306,1734,1757]" name="Peru" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, by lacking blue colors, having the skin co-ossified with skull, and being smaller (SVL of males of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFA3276F9F5E9F8D7" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFA3276F9F5E9F8D7" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFF5376D6F4BFF8D7" box="[229,392,1769,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8149999999999995" metricValueMax="5.89" metricValueMin="5.74" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="58.15" valueMax="58.9" valueMin="57.4">57.4–58.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
vs
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFE1876D6F765F8D7" box="[430,594,1769,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.42" metricValueMax="4.68" metricValueMin="4.16" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="44.2" valueMax="46.8" valueMin="41.6">41.6–46.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFDC276D5F637F8D7" box="[628,768,1770,1793]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFDC276D5F637F8D7" box="[628,768,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The genetic distance between them is of at least 2.8 % (in a DNA dataset of 438 bp, 16S gene).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D647FF71770EF67FF8FE" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D645FF71770EF0AAF95C" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" lastBlockId="57.[151,1437,1612,1998]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF71770EF738F89C" bold="true" box="[199,527,1841,1866]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
Description of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B09D64BFE17770EF73DF89C" box="[417,522,1841,1866]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
An adult male (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B09D64BFD77770EF67DF89C" box="[705,842,1841,1866]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="56.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="57.[151,250,1516,1538]" captionTargetBox-0="[414,1173,172,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetId-0="figure@56.[395,1192,141,1953]" captionTargetId-1="figure@57.[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetPageId-0="56" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos by Diego Acosta-López." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri showing details of color and texture in groin, thighs, shanks, eye, and tympanum. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos on left side by Diego Acosta-López, on right side by PS." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628026/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628028/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||||
); body moderately robust; SVL
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFB06770EF021F89F" box="[1200,1302,1841,1866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.74" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="57.4">57.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; head wider that long; snout slightly acuminate in dorsal view, bluntly rounded in profile; canthus rostralis angular in section; loreal region concave; lips rounded; top of head flat; interorbital distance 92% of width of upper eyelid; internarial area flat; nostrils not protuberant, directed anterolaterally, at about level of anterior margin of lower jaw; diameter of eye greater than its distance from nostril; tympanum round, separated from the eye by distance about equal to diameter of tympanum; tympanic evident; supratympanic fold elevated, extending from behind the tympanum to the insertion of the forelimb. Dentigerous vomerine processes narrowly separated medially, each bearing four teeth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B06D644FF217788F03CF81B" box="[151,1291,1975,1997]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628026/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,250,1975,1997]" targetBox="[414,1173,172,1886]" targetPageId="56">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B06D644FF217788F03CF81B" blockId="56.[151,1291,1975,1997]" box="[151,1291,1975,1997]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B06D644FF217788F42EF81B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1975,1997]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 21</emphasis>
|
||||
. Live holotype of
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B06D644FE627788F7A8F81B" box="[468,671,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B06D644FE627788F7ACF81B" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[468,667,1975,1997]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">Gastrotheca yacuri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos by Diego Acosta-López.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B07D645FF2175D3F18DF9F6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628028/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,250,1516,1538]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1494]" targetPageId="57">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B07D645FF2175D3F18DF9F6" blockId="57.[151,1435,1516,1568]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B07D645FF2175D3F42BF9D4" bold="true" box="[151,284,1516,1538]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 22</emphasis>
|
||||
. Live holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B07D645FE5075D3F79AF9D4" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[486,685,1516,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B07D645FE5075D3F79AF9D4" box="[486,685,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
showing details of color and texture in groin, thighs, shanks, eye, and tympanum. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos on left side by Diego Acosta-López, on right side by PS.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B07D645FF7176AAF63BF818" blockId="57.[151,1437,1612,1998]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
Arm robust; ulnar tubercles absent; hand and fingers moderately large (TFL 28% of SVL); fingers unwebbed bearing fringes; discs large and rounded, width of disc of Finger III lesser that diameter of tympanum; relative lengths of fingers I<II<IV<III; subarticular tubercles prominent, round, in lateral profile, none bifid; supernumerary tubercles small and nearly indistinct; palmar tubercle bifid, prepollical tubercle large, elliptical. Hind limb robust; tibia length 47% of SVL; foot length 43% of SVL; calcar and tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal fold approximately ¼ the length of the tarsus; outer metatarsal tubercle rounded; inner metatarsal tubercle absent; toes moderately long; relative length of toes I<II<III<V<IV; webbing absent between Toes I and II, but bearing fringes; webbing formula for other toes II2—
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B07D645FD2D77AEF7F3F87F" box="[667,708,1937,1961]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3III</date>
|
||||
2—
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B07D645FD5977AEF62CF87F" box="[751,795,1937,1961]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">4IV</date>
|
||||
3—
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B07D645FCF277AEF651F87F" box="[836,870,1937,1961]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">2V</date>
|
||||
; subarticular tubercles moderately large, rounded; supernumerary tubercles small, numerous, and rounded.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B04D646FF2174C7F1E6FA33" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628030/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,250,1272,1294]" targetBox="[161,1426,203,1238]" targetPageId="58">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B04D646FF2174C7F1E6FA33" blockId="58.[151,1436,1272,1509]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FF2174C7F42DFAD8" bold="true" box="[151,282,1272,1294]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 23</emphasis>
|
||||
. Advertisement calls of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B04D646FDAE74C7F7EAFAD8" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[536,733,1272,1294]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FDAE74C7F7EAFAD8" box="[536,733,1272,1294]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(A–G) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B04D646FCEC74C6F6FBFAD9" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[858,972,1273,1295]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FCEC74C6F6FBFAD9" box="[858,972,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(H–N): (A) oscillogram of three consecutive calls, with the first call composed of two long notes and the next two calls composed of two long and two short notes, (B) oscillogram of a single long note, (C) spectrogram of a single long note, (D) power spectrum of a single long note, (E) oscillogram of a single short note, (F) spectrogram of a single short note, (G) power spectrum of a single short note, (H) oscillogram of two consecutive calls, with the first call composed of one long and five short notes and the next call composed of two long and five short notes, (I) oscillogram of a single long note, (J) spectrogram of a single long note, (K) power spectrum of a single long note, (L) oscillogram of a single short note, (M) spectrogram of a single short note, (N) power spectrum of a single short note. All spectrograms at Hanning window function, 512 bands resolution. See text for details.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B04D646FF2177E8F19EF83B" box="[151,1193,2007,2029]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628032/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,250,2007,2029]" targetBox="[151,1436,1559,1986]" targetPageId="58">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B04D646FF2177E8F19EF83B" blockId="58.[151,1193,2007,2029]" box="[151,1193,2007,2029]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FF2177E8F42EF83B" bold="true" box="[151,281,2007,2029]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 24</emphasis>
|
||||
. Macro and microhabitat of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B04D646FD8D77E8F157F83B" authority="in Parque Nacional Yacuri. Photos" box="[571,1120,2007,2029]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FD8D77E8F7C9F83B" box="[571,766,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
in Parque Nacional Yacuri. Photos
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by PS.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF7170A8F044FECB" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Skin on dorsum smooth to shagreen; smooth occipital ridge present; U-shaped ridges (vestigial) in sacrum region; skin on flanks rugose and coarsely areolate; skin on throat loose bearing folds of smooth vocal sac; skin on ventral surfaces of thighs, arms, and belly heavely areolate; skin on venter surface of shanks smooth; rugose surfaces around cloacal opening. Tongue broad, suboval, not notched posteriorly, fully attached to mouth floor.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF717118F6BCFDB6" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF717118F4AEFE96" box="[199,409,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||||
The dorsal surfaces of the head, body, and limbs are green; the hidden surfaces of the forearm, thighs, and shanks are reticulated with black and blue markings (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B05D647FC6C7173F153FEB2" box="[986,1124,332,357]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="56.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="57.[151,250,1516,1538]" captionTargetBox-0="[414,1173,172,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetId-0="figure@56.[395,1192,141,1953]" captionTargetId-1="figure@57.[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetPageId-0="56" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos by Diego Acosta-López." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri showing details of color and texture in groin, thighs, shanks, eye, and tympanum. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos on left side by Diego Acosta-López, on right side by PS." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628026/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628028/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Head markings are brown canthal and labial stripes. The canthal stripe is diffuse; the labial stripe varies from brown anteriorly to white posteriorly until the insertion of the forelimb. The dorsolateral stripe is thin and consists of a series of bronze and cream warts, bordered below with a black and brown line. The flanks are brown and green with a blue and black reticulum towards the lower flanks, axillae, groin, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, shanks, and tarsus; the pelvic patch is brown. The venter is cream with nearly uniformly distributed, small, dark brown marks; gular sac is nearly uniform grayish-brown with small dark brown marks. Palms and soles are pinkish gray; ventral fingers and toes are fleshy. The iris is copper with abundant black reticulations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF717253F066FD53" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1361,620,645]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF717253F4C0FD52" box="[199,503,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Coloration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||||
Similar to coloration in life, but green and blue surfaces have begun to fade.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF7172AEF613FD1A" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF7172AEF4E5FD71" box="[199,466,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
|
||||
SVL: 57.4, TIBL: 27.2, FL: 24.8, HL: 17.1, HW: 19.2, IOD: 6.9, EW: 5.2, IND: 2.8, ED: 6.0, EN: 3.0, TD: 3.3, FFL: 8.2, TFL: 16.2, TFD: 2.8.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF7172E8F00DFCC2" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF7172E8F408FD26" bold="true" box="[199,319,727,752]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphometric variation of the male
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B05D647FD5272E7F672FD26" box="[740,837,728,752]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
is as follows: SVL: 58.9, TIBL: 28.6, FL: 28.3, HL: 17.9, HW: 20.1, IOD: 6.7, EW: 4.3, IND: 2.8, ED: 5.6, EN: 5.0, TD: 3.0, FFL: 10.8, TFL: 19.0, TFD: 2.7.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF717320F1FBFCEE" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1228,799,824]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">The skin on the dorsum varies in the subadult by lacking a smooth tranverse occipital ridge.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF71737BF1E3FBAB" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF71737BF4FEFC8B" box="[199,457,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Color variation in life.</emphasis>
|
||||
The referred subadult specimen varies from the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B05D647FC45737BF162FC8B" box="[1011,1109,836,861]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
in that it is mostly brown; it has a light reddish-brown dorsum of body and limbs with darker, well-defined stripes, two paravertebral and one at the coccyx position; scattered black spots are present on dorsum towards the flanks (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B05D647FBF173B3F198FC72" box="[1095,1199,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 10O</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The loreal region is brown, and a thin dark brown canthal line is present; the labial stripe is dark brown and bordered along its upper margin by a thin pale stripe that varies from brown anteriorly to cream posteriorly until the insertion of the forelimb. There is no dorsolateral stripe but the reddish-brown dorsal color contrasts with a broad dark brown band on the flanks. The flanks are brown with black and cream marks (without blue colors). The venter is mostly brown with cream marks that are larger towards the chest; the gular region is slightly darker that the venter. The palms and soles are gray. The iris is cooper with black reticulations and has a shade of red in the lower half.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF7174B8F47FF9DE" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF7174B8F456FB76" bold="true" box="[199,353,1159,1184]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||||
Four individuals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDF974B8F61EFB76" box="[591,809,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDF974B8F61EFB76" box="[591,809,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were recorded at El Salado,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B05D647FBCD74B8F02CFB76" box="[1147,1307,1159,1184]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(Appendix III). Descriptive statistics of the acoustic variables are provided in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B05D647FC217493F6C7FB13" box="[919,1008,1196,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
. The advertisement call is a complex call, composed of one to three (usually two) long pulsed notes and followed (or not) by one to three (usually two) short, single-pulsed notes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B05D647FE7274CBF722FADA" box="[452,533,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1272,1294]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1238]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,193,1251]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 23. Advertisement calls of Gastrotheca yacuri (A–G) and G. pseustes (H–N): (A) oscillogram of three consecutive calls, with the first call composed of two long notes and the next two calls composed of two long and two short notes, (B) oscillogram of a single long note, (C) spectrogram of a single long note, (D) power spectrum of a single long note, (E) oscillogram of a single short note, (F) spectrogram of a single short note, (G) power spectrum of a single short note, (H) oscillogram of two consecutive calls, with the first call composed of one long and five short notes and the next call composed of two long and five short notes, (I) oscillogram of a single long note, (J) spectrogram of a single long note, (K) power spectrum of a single long note, (L) oscillogram of a single short note, (M) spectrogram of a single short note, (N) power spectrum of a single short note. All spectrograms at Hanning window function, 512 bands resolution. See text for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628030/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
A–G). The long note had a mean duration of
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B05D647FBA774CBF155FADA" box="[1041,1122,1268,1293]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-0.634">0.634 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(SD = 0.091) and consisted on average of 32.24 (SD = 7.504) distinct pulses, partly fused, without silent intervals (amplitude modulation close but less than 100%). The amplitude of the long note increases gradually towards the middle of the note after which it decreases gradually by the end. The short notes had a mean duration of
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B05D647FC68755FF107FAA1" box="[990,1072,1376,1400]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-0.072">0.072 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(SD = 0.020) and the inter-note interval was on average of
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B05D647FE7D75BBF72AFA4A" box="[459,541,1412,1437]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-0.549">0.549 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(SD = 0.214). The mean dominant frequency of the call was 1496.7 Hz (SD = 38.643), with a mean 90% bandwidth frequency of 1366.7–1637.9 Hz, having the highest values recorded among the analyzed species. The fundamental frequency is recognizable; when visible, 5 to 7 harmonics are distinguishable.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF71762AF67FF8FE" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF71762AF453F9FA" box="[199,356,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||||
The advertisement call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FD3B762BF653F9FA" box="[653,868,1556,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FD3B762BF653F9FA" box="[653,868,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is most similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FB34762AF1CAF9FA" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1154,1277,1557,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FB34762AF1CAF9FA" box="[1154,1277,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FA80762AF0AFF9FA" box="[1334,1432,1557,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FA80762AF0AFF9FA" box="[1334,1432,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a much shorter call duration, shorter long notes duration, shorter inter-note interval, a higher dominant frequency, and a higher 90% bandwidth frequency compared with the call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FC4D7662F140F9A2" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1019,1143,1629,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FC4D7662F140F9A2" box="[1019,1143,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B05D647FB307663F1EAF9A3" box="[1158,1245,1628,1653]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Also,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FA837662F0AFF9A2" box="[1333,1432,1629,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FA837662F0AFF9A2" box="[1333,1432,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
emits usually only two short notes compared with 4–6 short notes of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FC2176BFF125F94E" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[919,1042,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FC2176BFF125F94E" box="[919,1042,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FB1676BFF031F94E" box="[1184,1286,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FB1676BFF031F94E" box="[1184,1286,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be easily distinguished form those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FE67769AF70FF96B" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[465,568,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FE67769AF70FF96B" box="[465,568,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDD8769AF7C8F96B" baseAuthorityName="Jiménez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[622,767,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDD8769AF7C8F96B" box="[622,767,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. testudinea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the amplitude modulation of the longer note, longer call duration, lower short note rate, larger number of pulses, higher pulse rate, a much higher dominant frequency, and higher 90% bandwidth frequency. Also,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDEC76D2F788F8D2" box="[602,703,1773,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDEC76D2F788F8D2" box="[602,703,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
emits up to three (usually two) long notes per call compared with the only one emitted by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FE10772FF73AF8FE" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[422,525,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FE10772FF73AF8FE" box="[422,525,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDF5772FF7E2F8FE" baseAuthorityName="Jiménez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[579,725,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDF5772FF7E2F8FE" box="[579,725,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. testudinea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B05D647FD557730F60DF8FE" box="[739,826,1807,1832]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B05D640FF71770BF6ABFD5C" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D640FF71770BF002FEE9" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="60.[151,1437,151,938]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF71770BF4C8F89B" bold="true" box="[199,511,1844,1869]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDBA770BF7DEF89A" box="[524,745,1844,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDBA770BF7DEF89A" box="[524,745,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is only known from three nearby localities
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B05D647FAB5770BF060F89B" box="[1283,1367,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="2.8">2.8 km</quantity>
|
||||
apart (maximum distance) at elevations of
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B05D647FDF47767F7E8F8B9" box="[578,735,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.102" metricValueMax="3.492" metricValueMin="2.7119999999999997" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="3102.0" valueMax="3492.0" valueMin="2712.0">2712–3492 m</quantity>
|
||||
in the Cordillera Oriental de los Andes in southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B05D647FA8C7768F0AEF8A6" box="[1338,1433,1879,1904]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. One locality is within Parque Nacional Yacuri and the others are in El Salado de Jimbura in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B05D647FB2A7743F00CF843" box="[1180,1339,1916,1941]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B05D647FAFC7743F0B9F842" box="[1354,1422,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,553,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,553,1484]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 9. Localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca cuencana (green), G. litonedis (red), G. elicioi (black), G. psychrophila (orange), G. turnerorum (blue), G. lojana (white), and G. yacuri (yellow). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol. Inset map indicates location of southern Ecuador (box) in Ecuador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628000/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This nocturnal, semiarboreal species inhabits paramo and subparamo in the Evergreen Montane Forest of Catamayo-Alamor (Ministerio de Ambiente del
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B05D647FD0577FBF627F80B" box="[691,784,1988,2013]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
2012), where the average annual rainfall is
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B05D647FB4D77FBF0AAF80A" box="[1275,1437,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.027" metricValueMax="1.159" metricValueMin="0.8949999999999999" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1027.0" valueMax="1159.0" valueMin="895.0">895–1159 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and the average annual temperature is 10.4–14.6 °C (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B02D640FD5270A8F6E9FF66" author="Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J." box="[740,990,151,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="4302 - 4315" refId="ref42752" refString="Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. (2017) WorldClim 2: new 1 - km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37 (12), 4302 - 4315. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / joc. 5086" type="journal article" year="2017">Fick & Hijmans 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The male
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B02D640FBD670A8F1F5FF66" box="[1120,1218,151,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
was found near the road, calling from the branches of a bush, at about
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FD677083F625FF02" box="[721,786,188,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="3.5">3.5 m</quantity>
|
||||
above ground. In this same location, choruses were heard from April to late
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B02D640FEDA70E0F4E8FF2E" box="[364,479,223,248]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2016-07">July 2016</date>
|
||||
; the males were calling usually from the vegetation nearby the road. An additional subadult was found during the day in a large terrrestrial bromeliad (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B02D640FC70713BF16FFECA" box="[966,1112,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="58.[151,250,2007,2029]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1559,1986]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,1559,1986]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 24. Macro and microhabitat of Gastrotheca yacuri in Parque Nacional Yacuri. Photos by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628032/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 24A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Females and tadpoles are unknown. In this location, in Parque Nacional Yacuri,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FD4E7118F6F8FE96" box="[760,975,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FD4E7118F6F8FE96" box="[760,975,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is syntopic with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FB397117F019FE96" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1167,1326,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FB397117F019FE96" box="[1167,1326,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D640FF717173F6ABFD5C" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,938]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF717173F48AFEB3" bold="true" box="[199,445,332,357]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||||
We suggest that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FD347173F66CFEB2" box="[642,859,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FD347173F66CFEB2" box="[642,859,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
should be assigned to the Data Deficient category according to guidelines of the
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B02D640FE5A714FF7B3FE5E" author="IUCN" box="[492,644,368,392]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref43507" refString="IUCN (2001) Red list categories. Fersion 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Comission, Gland, 32 pp" type="book" year="2001">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, given the inadecuacy of the current information to establish its status. Further searches and definition of its distribution, area of occupancy, habitat use, and biological information are required. Currently its known area of occurrence is less than
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FC367184F6FAFE05" box="[896,973,442,467]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||||
<superScript id="A0B9B5150B02D640FC7B7188F6E2FE13" attach="left" box="[973,981,439,453]" fontSize="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">2</superScript>
|
||||
, thus it could qualify for a Critically Endangered category; however, we can reasonably predict that if further surveys are conducted within the protected Yacuri National Park, its area will increase to more than
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FC077239F13DFDC8" box="[945,1034,517,542]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||||
<superScript id="A0B9B5150B02D640FBBF723DF126FDC6" attach="left" box="[1033,1041,514,528]" fontSize="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">2</superScript>
|
||||
. In any case, Lagunas Negras de Jimbura have suffered the synergistic effects of agriculture, cattle and sheep raising, fires, introduced species such as trout, pesticide use, and unregulated tourism activitites. Areas in the Salado de Jimbura that are out of the Yacuri National Park already have been heavily modified by human actions.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B02D640FF7172AAF64FFCB4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D640FF7172AAF64FFCB4" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,938]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF7172AAF479FD78" bold="true" box="[199,334,661,686]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
The specific name yacuri is a noun in apposition and refers to the Yacuri National Park, where this species has been found. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B02D640FDF27286F676FD04" author="Chamba-Troya, C. A." box="[580,833,697,722]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref41617" refString="Chamba-Troya, C. A. (2017) Faloracion del servicio ecosistemico de recreacion y belleza escenica del Parque Nacional Yacuri, 2015. Tesis de Economista, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Chamba-Troya (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Yacuri takes its name from the Quechua words Yacu meaning water and Quri that means gold. Ecuador's southernmost national park ranges from 2000 to 3700 meters in the Cordillera Oriental. This park of 43,090,60 hectares is unique by sheltering a series of 48 glacial lakes, and many endemic species of flora and fauna. It is a Ramsar site (The Convention on Wetlands) and part of the Podocarpus-El Cóndor Biosphere Reserve declared by UNESCO.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B02D640FF717352F4FDFC7C" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D640FF717352F4FDFC7C" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,938]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF717352F478FC50" bold="true" box="[199,335,877,902]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FEEB7352F70BFC53" box="[349,572,877,902]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FEEB7352F70BFC53" box="[349,572,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
belongs to the subgenus
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FCCC7352F13DFC50" box="[890,1034,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FCCC7352F131FC50" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[890,1030,877,902]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gastrotheca</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and is reported as Species D in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B02D640FF2173AEF4F1FC7C" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[151,454,913,938]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015: Fig 12.1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
978
data/DF/65/A9/DF65A94B0B11D64BFF21772AF4FDFD52.xml
Normal file
978
data/DF/65/A9/DF65A94B0B11D64BFF21772AF4FDFD52.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,978 @@
|
|||
<document id="FD5D86A778502129E233B15EB8F56180" ID-CLB-Dataset="27405" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4562.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da18d6cf-db48-4fc6-b74d-2e763b6bf888" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2627982" ID-ZooBank="DDB73CA2-F300-4C72-B936-A6685ED775AE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554323583924" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carvajal-Endara, Sofía, Coloma, Luis A., Morales-Mite, Manuel A., Guayasamin, Juan M., Székely, Paul & Duellman, William E." docDate="2019" docId="DF65A94B0B11D64BFF21772AF4FDFD52" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4562.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4562 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gastrotheca turnerorum Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="235CD1330B3ED67CFFB6703FF537FFD6" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic systematics, ecology, and conservation of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new biphasic species" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698718500919" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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||||
<mods:mods id="6BB85976C67EC0F2BA067F381DDCC8EF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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||||
<mods:titleInfo id="DFEC3AD1ADC44695E1BABDB0989A4C39">
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||||
<mods:title id="78C2575C118C3FA9BFF15FEA99BB978A">Phylogenetic systematics, ecology, and conservation of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new biphasic species</mods:title>
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="49720B103B638A09E07713D919A71A9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="3EAFD5E10FFF738E928F494F2C73A7B5">Carvajal-Endara, Sofía</mods:namePart>
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||||
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4B6302F06EAF6AD937A314659C419F71">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="83F9FB246B895BB102EF678827BE0C04">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="C0E38A76E37A8B86FB6B71E76E7E256C" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="62210C74C6BA845E8FAC8110AD2029BF">Morales-Mite, Manuel A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="AAFEB492405D8DC827AA462C133B4494" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="10472E3E69ADE8C88ED276AB48CED7AA">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="DD5383C95140CDA04DC45614AA7B9CEF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="F3D9C2A5C2278EE5BC16A09443D6E12A">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="C58A1649A87269AAFD08316C5ACC6BC5" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="CD9B91034D368578395451892BF4CB40">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="8A6D70B11F4969C1AEE4384266B0B507">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="12B1C7746B2872CCBE76C67939316FD7">Székely, Paul</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="A4C592C879D35C4056808AB2E5BC4FF2" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="FA1F759F0B82CBC6F9D6AACDEBC924BF">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="BBFC7C5D087EE27827DD666CC8D1179A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="31C28BE58F9340031B5E835835EEE3F9">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="24AB5F033ED08EB6AC2E1B4990A08128">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="FFBC3FF0B098A3F69F57F0EBCE544E38" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="661FFDB4AC367CBBD861A817F38590EA">
|
||||
<mods:title id="D553F7A87673E210ADEEFB878895A0B3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="6BD77B5A03E64DC91ADA507EEFB46721">
|
||||
<mods:date id="98431B8F8BF6BBE0A46DD737D06FF736">2019</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="47EC193820D17128956EBD0A06C2DD91" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="2788717B7DC464479D24D394A4CC7370">2019-02-27</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="AB76A63B32B5E235F88076619F74EEDA" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="E096E0B7B0C43BA10B0D66DEAFA42293">4562</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="79DEA02B8133C4F6B461CC90CAEFE092" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="2A0BC08A1D2A36FABE1F85CC57B6BA2C">1</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="1C2A47C372038A2A75DB7B88EA356922" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="48D012201B13BB4AE556B8EDE9078546">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="793A28AEBF3D83E822F69DBAF0F94A6C">102</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="04B346D3CDB2F5AAE36EA0BC314B1ACE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="B7F8D6620AAD13B9CCEEBDD442C21A2C" type="CLB-Dataset">27405</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="E17173E4FA16F9990B58D9502D0DB63A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4562.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="307EDEE73B48DB3D4C5A18A5676D312A" type="GBIF-Dataset">da18d6cf-db48-4fc6-b74d-2e763b6bf888</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="F133148656822E3A99596EB2A2B54B77" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="3130347B51A7984C7C90602B13F4FA22" type="Zenodo-Dep">2627982</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="8585BB629F5AD3A27DE552D7C866AF1A" type="ZooBank">DDB73CA2-F300-4C72-B936-A6685ED775AE</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="DF65A94B0B11D64BFF21772AF4FDFD52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941947" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941947" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B11D64BFF21772AF4FDFD52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF65A94B0B11D64BFF21772AF4FDFD52" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B11D653FF21772AF6F6F884" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B11D653FF21772AF714F8F9" blockId="47.[151,961,1813,1874]" box="[151,547,1813,1839]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<heading id="0C3BAF310B11D653FF21772AF714F8F9" bold="true" box="[151,547,1813,1839]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B11D653FF21772AF714F8F9" bold="true" box="[151,547,1813,1839]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B11D653FF21772AF488F8F9" ID-CoL="6JXW3" authority="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman, 2019" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,447,1813,1839]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B11D653FF21772AF488F8F9" bold="true" box="[151,447,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7E8B79340B11D653FE73772AF714F8F9" box="[453,547,1813,1839]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B11D653FF217706F6F6F884" blockId="47.[151,961,1813,1874]" box="[151,961,1849,1874]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<uri id="235D145F0B11D653FF217706F6F6F884" box="[151,961,1849,1874]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
||||
<uuid id="236A22880B11D653FE197706F6F6F884" box="[431,961,1849,1874]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">B72F71A3-671F-4F89-91D5-2410C1D0B6DF</uuid>
|
||||
</uri>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B11D64DFF217741F5ECFE96" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B11D653FF217741F032F809" blockId="47.[151,1436,1918,2016]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B11D653FF217741F032F809" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225219" collectingDate="2011-06-12" collectionCode="CJ" collectorName="Elicio E. Tapia & Sofia Carvajal-Endara & Henry Grefa." country="Ecuador" county="Amaluza" elevation="3406" latitude="-4.712289" location="Laguna Negra de Jimbura" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.42844" municipality="Parque Nacional Yacuri" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="CJ 393" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B11D653FF217741F43CF841" bold="true" box="[151,267,1918,1943]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B11D653FF217741F431F841" box="[151,262,1918,1943]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B11D653FEA57740F454F841" box="[275,355,1919,1943]" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="Other institutional type">CJ 393</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B11D653FEC57741F4F0F841" box="[371,455,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,409,1934]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 18. Live holotype of Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 393, female, SVL = 54.0): A) dorsal, ventral and lateral views, (B) ventral view of left hand, enlarged 1.9X of A, and (C) ventral view of left foot, enlarged 2.1X of A. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628020/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
), an adult female (collected as tadpole and raised in captivity), from
|
||||
<location id="52134E860B11D653FB6F77BFF5C3F86A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B11D64BFF21772AF4FDFD52:52134E860B11D653FB6F77BFF5C3F86A" country="Ecuador" county="Amaluza" latitude="-4.712289" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.42844" municipality="Parque Nacional Yacuri" name="Laguna Negra de Jimbura" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Loja">Laguna Negra de Jimbura</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="B71782270B11D653FF49779BF73BF86A" box="[255,524,1955,1980]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Parque Nacional Yacuri</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="BE1260D10B11D653FDA1779CF748F86A" box="[535,639,1955,1980]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amaluza</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B11D653FD3C779CF7E8F86D" box="[650,735,1955,1980]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.406" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="3406.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B11D653FD3C779CF7E8F86D" box="[650,735,1955,1980]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.406" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="3406.0">3406 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B11D653FD58779CF69FF86D" box="[750,936,1955,1979]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="1" value="-4.712289">04° 42' 44.24" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B11D653FC02779CF14EF86D" box="[948,1145,1955,1980]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="1" value="-79.42844">79° 25' 42.38" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B11D653FB3B779CF018F86A" box="[1165,1327,1955,1980]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B11D653FA8F779CF0AFF86A" box="[1337,1432,1955,1980]" name="Ecuador" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, one of a series collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B11D653FE7877F8F755F809" box="[462,610,1991,2015]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2011-06-12">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B11D653FE7877F8F755F809" box="[462,610,1991,2015]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2011-06-12">12 June 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B11D653FD3A77F9F601F809" box="[652,822,1990,2015]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Elicio E. Tapia</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B11D653FCF777F9F10DF809" box="[833,1082,1990,2015]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sofía Carvajal-Endara</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B11D653FBC777F7F032F809" box="[1137,1285,1990,2016]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Henry Grefa.</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0ED64CFF7170A8F625FEB3" blockId="48.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0ED64CFF7170A8F471FF66" bold="true" box="[199,326,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B0ED64CFF7170A8F476FF66" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(Total 9:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B0ED64CFE0070A8F727FF66" box="[438,528,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B0ED64CFDAB70A7F7BAFF66" box="[541,653,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B0ED64CFD2C70A7F627FF66" box="[666,784,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B0ED64CFC9470A8F5CAFECB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225239" collectionCode="KU" country="Ecuador" elevation="3331" latitude="-4.7236724" location="Loja" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.43763" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="CJ 394-5, CJ 7823" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B0ED64CFC9470A8F6B3FF66" box="[802,900,151,176]" name="Ecuador" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0ED64CFC2670A6F6FBFF66" box="[912,972,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B0ED64CFC2670A6F6F0FF66" box="[912,967,153,176]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B0ED64CFC6270A7F177FF66" box="[980,1088,151,176]" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Other institutional type">CJ 394–5</specimenCode>
|
||||
(female, male), 415–7 (males, juvenile), 1386 (female), and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="31DD80980B0ED64CFE507082F738FF02" box="[486,527,189,212]" country="USA" name="Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="University or college">KU</collectionCode>
|
||||
335390 (male), collected with the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B0ED64CFC2C7083F137FF03" box="[922,1024,188,213]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B0ED64CFBBD7083F15FFF02" box="[1035,1128,188,212]" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Other institutional type">CJ 7823</specimenCode>
|
||||
(male, collected as tadpole and captive raised), from Parque Nacional Yacuri, Amaluza,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B0ED64CFCE770DFF69FFF21" box="[849,936,224,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.331" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="3331.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B0ED64CFCE770DFF69FFF21" box="[849,936,224,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.331" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="3331.0">3331 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B0ED64CFC0F70DFF14EFF2E" box="[953,1145,223,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-4.7236724">04° 43' 25.22" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B0ED64CFB3170DFF064FF2E" box="[1159,1363,223,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-79.43763">79° 26' 15.47" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B0ED64CFADF70E0F5CAFECB" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B0ED64CFEBE713BF639FEB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225172" collectingDate="2014-12-09" collectingDateMax="2016-07-07" collectingDateMin="2014-12-09" collectionCode="MUTPL" country="Ecuador" county="Dan Cogalniceanu" elevation="3073" latitude="-4.4821057" location="Reserva Tapichalaca" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.15827" municipality="Diana Szekely" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="MUTPL 221" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B0ED64CFEBE713BF450FECB" box="[264,359,260,285]" name="Ecuador" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, one of a series collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B0ED64CFD10713AF61FFECB" box="[678,808,260,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-07-07">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B0ED64CFD10713AF61FFECB" box="[678,808,260,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-07-07">7 July 2016</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="BE1260D10B0ED64CFCE7713AF113FECB" box="[849,1060,260,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Dan Cogǎlniceanu</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="B71782270B0ED64CFB98713BF1E6FECB" box="[1070,1233,260,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diana Székely</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
and Paul Székely.
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0ED64CFF217116F443FE96" box="[151,372,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0ED64CFF217116F459FE96" authority="Chinchipe" authorityName="Chinchipe" box="[151,366,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Zamora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zamora Chinchipe</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B0ED64CFECB7117F727FE96" box="[381,528,296,320]" collectionCode="MUTPL" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">MUTPL 221</specimenCode>
|
||||
, male from
|
||||
<location id="52134E860B0ED64CFD2D7117F6B1FE96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B11D64BFF21772AF4FDFD52:52134E860B0ED64CFD2D7117F6B1FE96" box="[667,902,295,320]" country="Ecuador" county="Dan Cogalniceanu" latitude="-4.4821057" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.15827" municipality="Diana Szekely" name="Reserva Tapichalaca" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Reserva Tapichalaca</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B0ED64CFC257117F6DEFEE9" box="[915,1001,296,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.073" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="3073.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B0ED64CFC257117F6DEFEE9" box="[915,1001,296,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.073" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="3073.0">3073 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B0ED64CFC4C7117F18FFE96" box="[1018,1208,295,320]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-4.4821057">04° 28' 55.58" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B0ED64CFB737117F0A7FE96" box="[1221,1424,295,320]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-79.15827">79° 09' 29.76" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B0ED64CFE907173F4DAFEB2" box="[294,493,332,357]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2014-12-09">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B0ED64CFE907173F4DAFEB2" box="[294,493,332,357]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2014-12-09">9 December 2014</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by Diego Armijos-Ojeda
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B0ED64CFF21779BF007F80F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628020/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,250,1956,1978]" targetBox="[151,1436,409,1934]" targetPageId="48">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0ED64CFF21779BF007F80F" blockId="48.[151,1436,1956,2009]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0ED64CFF21779BF42FF86C" bold="true" box="[151,280,1956,1978]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 18</emphasis>
|
||||
. Live holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0ED64CFE62779BF7FDF86C" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[468,714,1956,1978]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0ED64CFE62779BF7FDF86C" box="[468,714,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(CJ 393, female, SVL = 54.0): A) dorsal, ventral and lateral views, (B) ventral view of left hand, enlarged 1.9X of A, and (C) ventral view of left foot, enlarged 2.1X of A. Photos by LAC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0FD64DFF7170A8F5ECFE96" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFF7170A8F48DFF66" bold="true" box="[199,442,151,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B0FD64DFE7570A8F712FF66" box="[451,549,151,176]" name="Ecuador" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFD8670A6F632FF66" authority="Chinchipe" authorityName="Chinchipe" box="[560,773,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Zamora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFD8670A6F632FF66" box="[560,773,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Zamora Chinchipe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B0FD64DFCA370A7F71CFF2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225194" collectingDate="1994-12-01" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="Jenny Rudston" country="Ecuador" elevation="3205" latitude="-4.174789" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.11654" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="QCAZ 9575" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B0FD64DFCA370A7F695FF66" box="[789,930,151,176]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">QCAZ 9575</specimenCode>
|
||||
(captive raised tadpoles and juveniles) from Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Lagunas del Compadre,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B0FD64DFC977083F64BFF02" box="[801,892,188,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2049999999999996" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="3205.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B0FD64DFC977083F64BFF02" box="[801,892,188,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2049999999999996" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="3205.0">3205 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B0FD64DFC247083F168FF02" box="[914,1119,188,212]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="-4.174789">04° 10' 29.24" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B0FD64DFBC47083F07DFF02" box="[1138,1354,188,213]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="-79.11654">79° 06' 59.54" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B0FD64DFA387083F47AFF2E" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1994-12-01">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B0FD64DFA387083F47AFF2E" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1994-12-01">1 December 1994</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B0FD64DFEC870DFF71CFF2E" box="[382,555,223,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Jenny Rudston</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B0FD64DFD8C70DFF67EFF2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225183" box="[570,841,223,248]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="QCAZ 47299" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B0FD64DFD8C70DFF7E1FF2E" box="[570,726,224,248]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">QCAZ 47299</specimenCode>
|
||||
(tadpole)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B0FD64DFCEE70DFF5E0FE96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225189" collectingDate="2009-10-20" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="Elicio E. Tapia" country="Ecuador" elevation="3205" latitude="-4.174789" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.11654" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="31DD80980B0FD64DFCEE70DFF693FF2E" box="[856,932,224,248]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||||
(sc 29154) (female) from Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Lagunas del Compadre,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B0FD64DFD81713BF7BCFECA" box="[567,651,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2049999999999996" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="3205.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B0FD64DFD81713BF7BCFECA" box="[567,651,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2049999999999996" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="3205.0">3205 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B0FD64DFD2C713BF666FECA" box="[666,849,260,284]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="-4.174789">04° 10' 29.24" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B0FD64DFCE8713BF116FECA" box="[862,1057,260,285]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="-79.11654">79° 06' 59.54" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B0FD64DFBE1713BF025FECA" box="[1111,1298,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2009-10-20">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B0FD64DFBE1713BF025FECA" box="[1111,1298,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2009-10-20">20 October 2009</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="FA397D8B0B0FD64DFA8D713BF5E0FE96" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Elicio E. Tapia</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B0FD64DFF717173F760FBE3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0FD64DFF717173F052FD26" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFF717173F476FEB3" bold="true" box="[199,321,332,357]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||||
Included in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFDEC7173F7D4FEB3" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[602,739,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFDEC7173F7D4FEB3" box="[602,739,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a closed brood pouch on dorsum of female. A moderately large species (54.0–
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B0FD64DFDB17150F75BFE51" box="[519,620,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.82" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="58.2">58.2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL in females, n = 3; 50.0–
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B0FD64DFC747150F110FE51" box="[962,1063,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.56" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="55.6">55.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL in males, n = 4), with tibia length 37¯42% SVL, shorter than foot; (2) interorbital distance slightly greater than width of upper eyelid; (3) skin on dorsum areolate, not co-ossified with skull, lacking transverse ridges; (4) supraciliary processes absent; (5) heel lacking calcar or tubercle; (6) tympanic annulus smooth; (7) Finger I slightly shorter than Finger II, width of discs much wider than digits; (8) fingers unwebbed; (9) foot webbing between external toes extending to antepenultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, to penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe V; (10) in life, dorsum uniform green without dark paravertebral marks; (11) head markings consisting of pale labial and canthal stripes formed by a series of small bronze dotes; (12) dorsolateral stripe present, also consisting in a series of small bronze dotes; (13) flanks brown and groin green both with or without a few cream spots; anterior surfaces of thighs dark brown, posterior surfaces of thighs bluish brown with numerous cream tubercles proximal to the vent; (14) venter dark brown with uniformly distributed cream spots; gular region dark brown; (15) brood pouch single, dorsal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0FD64DFF7172C3F760FBE3" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFF7172C3F4E0FCC2" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,471,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFF7172C3F4E0FCC2" box="[199,471,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
most closely resembles three other species in southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B0FD64DFB8972C3F1A9FCC3" box="[1087,1182,764,789]" name="Ecuador" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFB1E72C2F014FCC2" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1192,1315,765,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFB1E72C2F014FCC2" box="[1192,1315,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFA8772C2F0A2FCC3" box="[1329,1429,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFA8772C2F0A2FCC3" box="[1329,1429,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFF70731FF472FCEE" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[198,325,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFF70731FF472FCEE" box="[198,325,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFEE27320F753FCEE" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[340,612,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFEE27320F753FCEE" box="[340,612,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from all of them by having a different skin texture on the dorsum, and a distinctive color pattern (compare
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0FD64DFDCF737BF7D1FC8A" box="[633,742,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs. 10J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0FD64DFD40737BF60AFC8A" box="[758,829,836,860]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 19" captionStart-1="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="50.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionStartId-1="54.[151,250,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox-0="[325,1267,193,1960]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,412,1279]" captionTargetId-0="figure@50.[325,1267,193,1960]" captionTargetId-1="figure@54.[151,1436,412,1279]" captionTargetPageId-0="50" captionTargetPageId-1="54" captionText-0="FIGURE 19. Live adults of Gastrotheca turnerorum showing variation in dorsaleral lateral, dorsal, ventral, groin, thighs and eye color pattern: (A) CJ 1386, female, SVL = 58.2 mm, and (B) CJ 7823, male, SVL = 46.7 mm. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." captionText-1="FIGURE 20. Ontogenetic changes in live Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1958), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Loja Province, Ecuador. Stages of Gosner: (A) Stage 36, (B) Stage 42, (C) Stage 46 (CJ 1959), and (D) adult. Scale = 10 mm. Photos by LAC." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628022/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628024/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">19–20</figureCitation>
|
||||
vs 10A–I, K, L). The dorsal skin is areolate in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFA32737AF420FC56" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFA32737AF420FC56" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, whereas it is weakly areolate or smooth in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFCB87357F6B0FC56" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[782,903,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFCB87357F6B0FC56" box="[782,903,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, finely granular in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFBD07357F1FBFC56" box="[1126,1228,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFBD07357F1FBFC56" box="[1126,1228,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and smooth in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFA327357F5C0FC73" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFA327357F5C0FC73" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFE9E73B2F4FFFC72" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[296,456,909,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFE9E73B2F4FFFC72" box="[296,456,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the venter is dark brown with uniformly distributed cream spots, whereas it is cream with dark marks in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFECC738FF4CFFC1E" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[378,504,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFECC738FF4CFFC1E" box="[378,504,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFD85738FF7ADFC1E" box="[563,666,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFD85738FF7ADFC1E" box="[563,666,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and pale brown-gray in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFC01738FF10EFC1E" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[951,1081,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFC01738FF10EFC1E" box="[951,1081,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. litonedis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The labial stripe consists of a series of small bronze dots in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFE5F73EAF7BFFC3A" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[489,648,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFE5F73EAF7BFFC3A" box="[489,648,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and mostly uniform cream in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFC5073EAF155FC3A" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[998,1122,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFC5073EAF155FC3A" box="[998,1122,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFBC773EAF1E0FC3B" box="[1137,1239,980,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFBC773EAF1E0FC3B" box="[1137,1239,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFAA373EAF4B1FBC6" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFAA373EAF0AFFC3B" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1301,1432,980,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litonedis">G. litonedis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFF2173C8F4B1FBC6" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,390,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">Gastrotheca pseustes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFE7673C7F711FBC6" box="[448,550,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFE7673C7F711FBC6" box="[448,550,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a dark brown canthal stripe, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFBAE73C7F18FFBC6" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1048,1208,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFBAE73C7F18FFBC6" box="[1048,1208,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a canthal stripe formed by a series of small bronze dots.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B0FD649FF717400F5C1F849" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0FD64DFF717400F494FB3E" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFF717400F4E0FB8E" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,471,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFF717400F4E0FB8E" box="[199,471,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the sister species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFD61747FF655FB8E" box="[727,866,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFD61747FF7DFFB81" box="[727,744,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFD43747EF655FB8E" box="[757,866,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFCC9747FF6D2FB8E" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[895,997,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFCC9747FF6D2FB8E" box="[895,997,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with a genetic distance of at least 2.85 % (in a DNA dataset of 438 bp, 16S gene). The Peruvian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFC88745AF6FBFBAA" box="[830,972,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFC88745AF6FBFBAA" box="[830,972,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFBDE745AF03DFBAA" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1128,1290,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFBDE745AF03DFBAA" box="[1128,1290,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a weakly granular to smooth dorsal skin (areolate in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFD7874B7F65AFB76" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[718,877,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFD7874B7F65AFB76" box="[718,877,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), Fingers I and II equal in length (Finger I shorter in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFF057492F466FB12" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[179,337,1197,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFF057492F466FB12" box="[179,337,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and a cream venter with dark fleck or spots (venter dark brown with uniformly distributed cream spots in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0FD64DFF4274EFF4A4FB3E" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[244,403,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFF4274EFF4A4FB3E" box="[244,403,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0FD64DFF7174CBF04DF9DE" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0FD64DFF7174CBF729FADB" bold="true" box="[199,542,1268,1293]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Description of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B0FD64DFE0674CBF72EFADB" box="[432,537,1268,1293]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
An adult female (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0FD64DFD4F74CBF678FADA" box="[761,847,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,409,1934]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 18. Live holotype of Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 393, female, SVL = 54.0): A) dorsal, ventral and lateral views, (B) ventral view of left hand, enlarged 1.9X of A, and (C) ventral view of left foot, enlarged 2.1X of A. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628020/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
) that was collected as a tadpole and raised in the laboratory; body moderately robust; SVL 54.0 mm; head wider that long; snout rounded in dorsal view, bluntly rounded in profile; canthus rostralis round in section; loreal region concave; lips rounded; top of head flat; interorbital distance 89% of width of upper eyelid; internarial area flat; nostrils not protuberant, directed anterolaterally, posterior to level of anterior margin of lower jaw; diameter of eye greater than its distance from nostril; tympanum round, separated from the eye by distance about equal to diameter of tympanum; tympanic annulus barely evident;, supratympanic fold moderately weak, extending from behind the tympanum to the insertion of the forelimb. Dentigerous vomerine processes narrowly separated medially, each bearing five teeth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0FD64DFF71762BF0B9F8FE" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Arm robust; ulnar tubercles absent; hand and fingers moderately large (TFL 34% of SVL); fingers unwebbed; discs large and rounded, width of disc of Finger III greater that diameter of tympanum; relative lengths of fingers I<II<IV<III; subarticular tubercles prominent, round, conical in profile, none bifid; supernumerary tubercles, conical; palmar tubercle bifid, prepollical tubercle large, elliptical. Hind limb robust; tibia length 38% of SVL; foot length 46% of SVL; calcar and tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal fold approximately ¼ the length of the tarsus; outer metatarsal tubercle rounded; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical elevated; toes moderately long; relative length of toes I<II<III<V<IV; basal webbing between Toes I and II; webbing formula for other toes II1—
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B0FD64DFAFE76D3F043F8D2" box="[1352,1396,1772,1796]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">2III</date>
|
||||
1— 2.5IV2—
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B0FD64DFEB17730F412F8FE" box="[263,293,1807,1832]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">1V</date>
|
||||
; subarticular tubercles moderately large, rounded; supernumerary tubercles, numerous, and rounded.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0FD64DFF71770BF119F86E" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Skin on dorsum weakly areolate; skin on flanks coarsely areolate; skin on throat, venter surfaces of thighs, and arms heavily areolate; skin on belly areolate; skin on venter surface of shanks smooth; numerous white tubercles ventrolateral to cloacal opening. Tongue broad, suboval, not notched posteriorly, fully attached to mouth floor. Pouch opening V- shaped with anterior border at level of posterior edge of sacrum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B0CD64EFF21778BF0ABF83F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628022/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[151,250,1972,1994]" targetBox="[325,1267,193,1960]" targetPageId="50">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0CD64EFF21778BF0ABF83F" blockId="50.[151,1436,1972,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0CD64EFF21778BF42DF81C" bold="true" box="[151,282,1972,1994]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 19</emphasis>
|
||||
. Live adults of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0CD64EFE08778BF781F81C" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[446,694,1972,1994]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0CD64EFE08778BF781F81C" box="[446,694,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
showing variation in dorsaleral lateral, dorsal, ventral, groin, thighs and eye color pattern: (A) CJ 1386, female, SVL = 58.2 mm, and (B) CJ 7823, male, SVL = 46.7 mm. Not to scale. Photos by LAC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0DD64FFF7170A8F40CFE7B" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0DD64FFF7170A8F4A4FF66" box="[199,403,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||||
The dorsal surfaces of the head, body, and limbs are green; the inner and outer surfaces of the forearm, thighs, and shanks are brown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0DD64FFD347083F7E1FF02" box="[642,726,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,409,1934]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 18. Live holotype of Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 393, female, SVL = 54.0): A) dorsal, ventral and lateral views, (B) ventral view of left hand, enlarged 1.9X of A, and (C) ventral view of left foot, enlarged 2.1X of A. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628020/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Head markings are canthal and labial stripes that consist of a series of small bronze dots. The labial stripe continues to the insertion of the forelimb. The dorsolateral stripe also consists of a series of small bronze dots. The flanks are bronze-brown with some small white stippling; the groin is green. The anterior surfaces of the thighs are dark brown with some cream stippling; the posterior surfaces of the thighs are dark brown with cream tubercles lateral and below the vent. The ventral surfaces are dark brown with uniformly distributed cream spots. The iris is yellow-cream with brown reticulations and a brown horizontal bar across the eye.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0DD64FFF717188F42BFDB6" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0DD64FFF717188F736FE06" box="[199,513,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Coloration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||||
The dorsum is uniform bluish-gray. The pale labial, canthal, and dorsolateral stripes formed by a series of small bluish gray dots. The labial stripe continues to the insertion of the forelimb. The flanks, groin, and anterior surfaces of thighs are uniform dull gray; the posterior surfaces of thighs are dark gray with numerous white tubercles lateral to, and below, the cloacal opening. The ventral surfaces are uniform dark bluish-gray.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0DD64FFF717252F613FD7E" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0DD64FFF717252F4E5FD55" box="[199,466,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
|
||||
SVL: 54.0, TIBL: 20.5, FL: 24.7, HL: 17.8, HW: 20.5, IOD: 4.9, EW: 5.6 IND: 3.4, ED: 5.6, EN: 4.3, TD: 2.3, FFL: 9.9, TFL: 18.5, TFD: 3.4.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0DD64FFF71728BF714FCEE" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0DD64FFF71728BF408FD1B" bold="true" box="[199,319,692,717]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphometric variation of three females and three males is summarized in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B0DD64FFB1B728BF033FD1A" box="[1197,1284,692,717]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="21.[147,235,582,605]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (in mm) of adults of Gastrotheca litonedis, G. lojana, G. cuencana, G. elicioi, G. turnerorum, G. pseustes 1, G. pseustes 2, G. psychrophila, G. monticola, and G. yacuri. Mean±SD, and range are given. Abbreviations are: SVL (snout–vent length), TIBL (tibia length), FL (foot length), HL (head length), HW (head width), IOD (interorbital distance), EW (eyelid width), IND (internarial distance), ED (eye diameter), EN (eye–nostril distance), TD (tympanum diameter), FFL (thumb length), TFL (third finger length) and TFD (third finger disc width)." pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
. Females are larger than males (55.9±
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B0DD64FFE1D72E8F733FD39" box="[427,516,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; 52.7.±
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B0DD64FFDE072E8F785FD26" box="[598,690,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
). The skin on the dorsum varies from weakly to coarsely areolate. All adults have a supratympanic fold, which usually extends from the posterior edge of the tympanum to a point above the insertion of the forelimb.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0DD64FFF71737BF663FBC6" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0DD64FFF71737BF71CFC8A" box="[199,555,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Color variation in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||||
All preserved specimens have a uniformly bluish gray dorsum; labial, canthal, and dorsolateral stripes are formed by a series of small brown dots. The dorsal surfaces of hands and feet also have brown dots. The flanks, groin, and anterior surfaces of the thighs are uniform dull gray, but in some specimens the flanks are covered by small dark gray dots. The posterior surfaces of the thighs are dark gray with numerous white tubercles lateral to, and below the cloacal opening; a short, fragmented supracloacal stripe is present in some individuals. The ventral surfaces are uniform dark bluish-gray.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0DD64FFF717423F721FA82" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0DD64FFF717423F4F9FBE3" box="[199,462,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Color variation in life.</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0DD64FFE697423F77DFBE2" box="[479,586,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 10J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0DD64FFDEF7423F794FBE2" box="[601,675,1052,1076]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 18" captionStart-1="FIGURE 19" captionStartId-0="48.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionStartId-1="50.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,409,1934]" captionTargetBox-1="[325,1267,193,1960]" captionTargetId-0="figure@48.[151,1436,409,1934]" captionTargetId-1="figure@50.[325,1267,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId-0="48" captionTargetPageId-1="50" captionText-0="FIGURE 18. Live holotype of Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 393, female, SVL = 54.0): A) dorsal, ventral and lateral views, (B) ventral view of left hand, enlarged 1.9X of A, and (C) ventral view of left foot, enlarged 2.1X of A. Photos by LAC." captionText-1="FIGURE 19. Live adults of Gastrotheca turnerorum showing variation in dorsaleral lateral, dorsal, ventral, groin, thighs and eye color pattern: (A) CJ 1386, female, SVL = 58.2 mm, and (B) CJ 7823, male, SVL = 46.7 mm. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628020/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628022/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18–19</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsum is uniform green (e.g., CJ 1386) or brown (e.g., CJ 7823). In CJ 1386, the dorsal surfaces of limbs are green, whereas the inner and outer surfaces of the forearms, thighs, and shanks are brown. Dorsal surfaces of hands and feet have a pattern of brown dots over a lighter background. Head markings are like those of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B0DD64FFD6474B8F60FFB76" box="[722,824,1159,1184]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
; a dorsolateral stripe is present in all specimens. The flanks are bronze-brown with or without white stippling; the axillae and groin are green, with a bluish suffusion in some specimens. The anterior surfaces of thighs are dark brown with or without cream stippling and, and the posterior surfaces of thighs are dark brown with cream tubercles lateral to, and below, the vent. The ventral surfaces are dark brown with uniformly distributed cream dots, but some specimens have larger cream spots, thereby resulting in a paler venter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0DD64FFF717560F7EAF843" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0DD64FFF717560F40EFAAE" bold="true" box="[199,313,1375,1400]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Tadpoles.</emphasis>
|
||||
Tadpoles belong to
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B0DD64FFD94755FF76EFAAE" box="[546,601,1376,1400]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
IV tadpole of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B0DD64FFCB5755FF6ADFAAE" author="Orton, G. L." box="[771,922,1375,1400]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="63 - 75" refId="ref44349" refString="Orton, G. L. (1953) The systematics of vertebrate larvae. Systematic Zoology, 2 (2), 63 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2411661" type="journal article" year="1953">Orton (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and the exotroph, benthic ecomorphological guild. All measurements are expressed in millimeters. The following description is based on a specimen in Stage 39, from a series (CJ 1959) obtained from a pond at Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B0DD64FFA897598F0A0FA69" box="[1343,1431,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.406" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="3406.0">3406 m</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B0DD64FFF2175F3F40DFA33" box="[151,314,1484,1509]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B0DD64FFEF175F3F491FA33" box="[327,422,1484,1509]" name="Ecuador" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, by Elicio E. Tapia, Sofía Carvajal-Endara, and Henry Grefa on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B0DD64FFB3875F3F011FA32" box="[1166,1318,1484,1508]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2011-06-12">12 June 2011</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0DD64FFA8E75F3F0B8FA33" box="[1336,1423,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Total length 61.3, body length 23.5 (38% of total length). Body robust, ovoid in dorsal and lateral views, slightly depressed; throat slightly concave in lateral profile; body width at level of spiracle 14.7, and height at same position 11.9; head width at level of eyes 12.9. Lateral-line system not evident. Nostril medium sized (in proportion to body length), ovoid, protruding, with a fleshy annulus, its opening directed anterolaterally. Snout–nostril distance 3.7. Eyes positioned and directed dorsally, eye length 2.4, eye width 2.2. Spiracle sinistral, located at midbody level; spiracular opening oriented posteriorly; distance from tip of snout to spiracle opening 15.9; spiracle end rounded, not free, attached to body wall, inner wall of spiracle not evident; tube length 3.4, tube transverse width 1.4. Vent tube dextral, the opening oriented posteriorly, tube length 4.0, tube transverse width 2.6. Tail length 38.8, caudal musculature robust in the two-thirds proximal to body, narrowing gradually until tail terminus; tail muscle height 5.4, tail muscle width 4.8; caudal fins thin at proximal half of tail, getting higher on distal half and raising near tail–body junction, dorsal fin height 3.5, ventral fin height 3.7; maximum height of tail 12.7; tail tip rounded, tail musculature not reaching fin terminus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0DD648FF71779FF6DBFE96" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
Oral disc small, ventral, located near tip of snout, not protruding laterally beyond body, not visible dorsally; transverse width 5.6. It is surrounded by an uniserial row of marginal papillae, interrupted medially in upper lip; lower lip papillae alternating in and out, giving the appearance of two series; upper lip with 18 papillae on right side and 17 papillae on left side; lower lip with 42 marginal papillae; upper jaw sheath medium-sized, forming a finely serrated, smooth arch, height 0.4, transverse width 3.3 (59% of oral disc width); lower jaw sheath V- shaped, open and finely serrated, width 2.4, height 0.7. Labial tooth row formula 2/3(1), tooth rows lengths: A1: 4.7, A2: 4.0, P1 right row 1.9, P1 left row 2.1, P1 gap 0.1, P2: 3.6, P3: 3.5. (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0AD648FC3E7118F6E8FE96" box="[904,991,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1453,1475]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oral discs of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 38), from Cuenca (south control), Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 5292, Stage 35), from from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 4309, Stage 37), from El Tablón, Loja Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4311, Stage 36), from Barrio Puntzará Grande, Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1959, Stage 39), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627994/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0AD648FF717173F00AFE7B" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0AD648FF717173F4F7FEB2" box="[199,448,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Color in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsum dull gray, with darker areas on flanks, above the eyes and on the throat; body contour and snout translucent. Caudal musculature and fins with scattered, white spots, densely arranged near tailbody junction; fins otherwise translucent. Venter dark gray; eyes lavender gray, oral apparatus translucent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0AD648FF717188F6CCFD53" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0AD648FF717188F46BFE06" box="[199,348,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||||
(CJ 1957, Stage 36).
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0AD648FDEF7188F79AFE06" box="[601,685,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
Fig.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B0AD648FD397188F79AFE06" box="[655,685,439,464]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="generic">5F</specimenCount>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
. In dorsal and lateral views, body tan, speckled with black; areas around the snout are lighter. Venter cream with black markings, semi-translucent; guts visible as a darker area; throat translucent with small cream flecks; gills evident as a red hue. Caudal musculature reddish-pink in proximal half, decreasing its intensity towards distal half; myomeres and nerves barely visible; caudal musculature and fins with cream marks, clustered in dorsal line of caudal musculature, otherwise caudal fins translucent. Legs cream. Oral apparatus light cream. Iris copper-yellow, with small black reticulations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0AD648FF7172AEF7D9FCC3" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0AD648FF7172AEF400FD7E" box="[199,311,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||||
Variation of 26 meristic characters of tadpoles in Stages 35–39 (CJ 1959) are shown in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B0AD648FAB572B0F06FFD71" box="[1283,1368,655,680]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="52.[151,239,832,855]" captionText="TABLE 7. Variation of 26 meristic characters of tadpoles in stages 35–39 of Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1959). Values are given in mm, mean±standard deviations (first row) and ranges (second row), number of specimens in parentheses. See Materials and methods for character abreviations." pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||||
. Total length varies between 61.3 (Stage 39) and 75.0 (Stage 35); tail length proportion varied from 63.2 to 67.0 until Stage 39; labial tooth row formula was 2/3(1). Number of marginal papillae varied among specimens and Gosner stages, variation in lower lip papillae is high (42–57).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B0AD648FF21737FF7E2FC41" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0AD648FF21737FF7E2FC41" blockId="52.[151,1436,831,919]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0AD648FF21737FF43EFC81" bold="true" box="[151,265,832,855]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Variation of 26 meristic characters of tadpoles in stages 35–39 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0AD648FC647300F1E2FC81" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[978,1237,831,855]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0AD648FC647300F1E2FC81" box="[978,1237,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(CJ 1959). Values are given in mm, mean±standard deviations (first row) and ranges (second row), number of specimens in parentheses. See Materials and methods for character abreviations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0AD648FECF738DF6FEF869" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<table id="25CCEAFD0B0A2983FF29738DF1F6F869" box="[159,1217,946,1983]" colsContinueIn="53.[159,1217,201,1400]" gridcols="5" gridrows="26" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF29738DF1F6FC1E" box="[159,1217,946,968]" gridrow="0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF738DF485FC1E" box="[377,434,946,968]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Stage</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE5738DF7E5FC1E" box="[595,722,946,968]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Stage</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB738DF6CBFC1E" box="[893,1020,946,968]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Stage</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E738DF1F6FC1E" box="[1160,1217,946,968]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Stage</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF2973E5F1F6FC26" box="[159,1217,986,1008]" gridrow="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF73E5F485FC26" box="[377,434,986,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">(n=1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE573E5F7E5FC26" box="[595,722,986,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">(n=2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB73E5F6CBFC26" box="[893,1020,986,1008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">(n=4)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E73E5F1F6FC26" box="[1160,1217,986,1008]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">(n=1)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF29743AF1F6FBCD" box="[159,1217,1029,1051]" gridrow="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF29743AF5CFFBCD" box="[159,248,1029,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">TL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF743AF485FBCD" box="[377,434,1029,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">75.01</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE5743AF7E5FBCD" box="[595,722,1029,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">61.2–64.14</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB743AF6CBFBCD" box="[893,1020,1029,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">64.19±1.83</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E743AF1F6FBCD" box="[1160,1217,1029,1051]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">61.3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297412F1F6FB95" box="[159,1217,1069,1091]" gridrow="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7412F6CBFB95" box="[893,1020,1069,1091]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">62.12–66.55</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297469F1F6FBBA" box="[159,1217,1110,1132]" gridrow="4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF297469F5CFFBBA" box="[159,248,1110,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">BL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF7469F485FBBA" box="[377,434,1110,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">24.73</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE57469F7E5FBBA" box="[595,722,1110,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">21.69–22.63</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7469F6CBFBBA" box="[893,1020,1110,1132]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">23.12±0.31</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E7469F1F6FBBA" box="[1160,1217,1110,1132]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">22.54</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297441F1F6FB42" box="[159,1217,1150,1172]" gridrow="5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7441F6CBFB42" box="[893,1020,1150,1172]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">21.68–25.37</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297498F1F6FB6B" box="[159,1217,1191,1213]" gridrow="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF297498F5CFFB6B" box="[159,248,1191,1213]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">BW</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF7498F485FB6B" box="[377,434,1191,1213]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">17.44</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE57498F7E5FB6B" box="[595,722,1191,1213]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">12.5–13.67</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7498F6CBFB6B" box="[893,1020,1191,1213]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">14.81±3.15</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E7498F1F6FB6B" box="[1160,1217,1191,1213]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">14.71</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF2974F0F1F6FB33" box="[159,1217,1231,1253]" gridrow="7" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB74F0F6CBFB33" box="[893,1020,1231,1253]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">12.82–19.51</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF2974C7F1F6FAD8" box="[159,1217,1272,1294]" gridrow="8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF2974C7F5CFFAD8" box="[159,248,1272,1294]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">BH</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF74C7F485FAD8" box="[377,434,1272,1294]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">15.62</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE574C7F7E5FAD8" box="[595,722,1272,1294]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">9.56–11.16</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB74C7F6CBFAD8" box="[893,1020,1272,1294]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">11.7±1.92</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E74C7F1F6FAD8" box="[1160,1217,1272,1294]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">11.93</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF29751FF1F6FAE0" box="[159,1217,1312,1334]" gridrow="9" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB751FF6CBFAE0" box="[893,1020,1312,1334]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">9.76–14.35</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297576F1F6FA89" box="[159,1217,1353,1375]" gridrow="10" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF297576F5CFFA89" box="[159,248,1353,1375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">HWEL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF7576F485FA89" box="[377,434,1353,1375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">15.34</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE57576F7E5FA89" box="[595,722,1353,1375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">10.98–11.45</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7576F6CBFA89" box="[893,1020,1353,1375]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">12.22±1.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E7576F1F6FA89" box="[1160,1217,1353,1375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">12.87</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF29754DF1F6FA5E" box="[159,1217,1394,1416]" gridrow="11" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB754DF6CBFA5E" box="[893,1020,1394,1416]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">11.19–14.28</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF2975A5F1F6FA66" box="[159,1217,1434,1456]" gridrow="12" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF2975A5F5CFFA66" box="[159,248,1434,1456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">TAL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF75A5F485FA66" box="[377,434,1434,1456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">50.28</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE575A5F7E5FA66" box="[595,722,1434,1456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">39.51–41.51</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB75A5F6CBFA66" box="[893,1020,1434,1456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">41.06±1.52</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E75A5F1F6FA66" box="[1160,1217,1434,1456]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">38.76</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF2975FCF1F6FA0F" box="[159,1217,1475,1497]" gridrow="13" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB75FCF6CBFA0F" box="[893,1020,1475,1497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">38.88–42.11</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF2975D4F1F6F9D7" box="[159,1217,1515,1537]" gridrow="14" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF2975D4F5CFF9D7" box="[159,248,1515,1537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">TLP (%)</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF75D4F485F9D7" box="[377,434,1515,1537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">67.03</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE575D4F7E5F9D7" box="[595,722,1515,1537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">64.56–64.72</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB75D4F6CBF9D7" box="[893,1020,1515,1537]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">63.98±2.06</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E75D4F1F6F9D7" box="[1160,1217,1515,1537]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">63.23</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF29762BF1F6F9FC" box="[159,1217,1556,1578]" gridrow="15" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB762BF6CBF9FC" box="[893,1020,1556,1578]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">61.88–66</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297603F1F6F984" box="[159,1217,1596,1618]" gridrow="16" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF297603F5CFF984" box="[159,248,1596,1618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MTH</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF7603F485F984" box="[377,434,1596,1618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">17.64</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE57603F7E5F984" box="[595,722,1596,1618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">12.18–12.41</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7603F6CBF984" box="[893,1020,1596,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">13.64±1.89</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E7603F1F6F984" box="[1160,1217,1596,1618]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">12.71</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF29765AF1F6F9AD" box="[159,1217,1637,1659]" gridrow="17" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB765AF6CBF9AD" box="[893,1020,1637,1659]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">12.21–16.41</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF2976B2F1F6F975" box="[159,1217,1677,1699]" gridrow="18" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF2976B2F5CFF975" box="[159,248,1677,1699]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">TMW</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF76B2F485F975" box="[377,434,1677,1699]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">6.88</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE576B2F7E5F975" box="[595,722,1677,1699]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">5.01–5.04</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB76B2F6CBF975" box="[893,1020,1677,1699]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">5.38±0.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E76B2F1F6F975" box="[1160,1217,1677,1699]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">4.83</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297689F1F6F91A" box="[159,1217,1718,1740]" gridrow="19" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7689F6CBF91A" box="[893,1020,1718,1740]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">4.57–6.47</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF2976E1F1F6F922" box="[159,1217,1758,1780]" gridrow="20" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF2976E1F5CFF922" box="[159,248,1758,1780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">TMH</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF76E1F485F922" box="[377,434,1758,1780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">8.92</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE576E1F7E5F922" box="[595,722,1758,1780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">5.45–5.55</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB76E1F6CBF922" box="[893,1020,1758,1780]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">6.58±1.29</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E76E1F1F6F922" box="[1160,1217,1758,1780]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">5.35</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297738F1F6F8CB" box="[159,1217,1799,1821]" gridrow="21" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7738F6CBF8CB" box="[893,1020,1799,1821]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">5.18–8.3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297710F1F6F893" box="[159,1217,1839,1861]" gridrow="22" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF297710F5CFF893" box="[159,248,1839,1861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">SND</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF7710F485F893" box="[377,434,1839,1861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE57710F7E5F893" box="[595,722,1839,1861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2.54–2.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7710F6CBF893" box="[893,1020,1839,1861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2.66±0.29</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E7710F1F6F893" box="[1160,1217,1839,1861]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">3.7</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297767F1F6F8B8" box="[159,1217,1880,1902]" gridrow="23" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7767F6CBF8B8" box="[893,1020,1880,1902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2.33–2.9</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF2977BFF1F6F840" box="[159,1217,1920,1942]" gridrow="24" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0A2983FF2977BFF5CFF840" box="[159,248,1920,1942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">IND</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FECF77BFF485F840" box="[377,434,1920,1942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">4</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FDE577BFF7E5F840" box="[595,722,1920,1942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">3.3–3.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB77BFF6CBF840" box="[893,1020,1920,1942]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">3.63±0.21</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FB3E77BFF1F6F840" box="[1160,1217,1920,1942]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0A2983FF297796F1F6F869" box="[159,1217,1961,1983]" gridrow="25" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0A2983FCCB7796F6CBF869" box="[893,1020,1961,1983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">3.4–3.8</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0AD648FBE877EDF0A2F83E" blockId="52.[1118,1429,2002,2024]" box="[1118,1429,2002,2024]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<tableNote id="AA2A19D30B0AD648FBE877EDF0A2F83E" box="[1118,1429,2002,2024]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[159,1217,946,1983]" targetPageId="52">......continued on the next page</tableNote>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0BD649FECF70F6F6E1FAAE" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<table id="25CCEAFD0B0B2983FF2970F6F1F6FAAE" box="[159,1217,201,1400]" colsContinueFrom="52.[159,1217,946,1983]" gridcols="5" gridrows="30" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2970F6F1F6FF09" box="[159,1217,201,223]" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF70F6F485FF09" box="[377,434,201,223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stage</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE570F6F785FF09" box="[595,690,201,223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stage</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB70F6F6C6FF09" box="[893,1009,201,223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stage</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E70F6F1F6FF09" box="[1160,1217,201,223]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stage</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2970CEF1F6FED1" box="[159,1217,241,263]" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF70CEF485FED1" box="[377,434,241,263]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">(n=1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE570CEF785FED1" box="[595,690,241,263]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">(n=2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB70CEF6C6FED1" box="[893,1009,241,263]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">(n=4)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E70CEF1F6FED1" box="[1160,1217,241,263]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">(n=1)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297123F1F6FEE4" box="[159,1217,284,306]" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF297123F5C2FEE4" box="[159,245,284,306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">END</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF7123F485FEE4" box="[377,434,284,306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE57123F785FEE4" box="[595,690,284,306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.5–2.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7123F6C6FEE4" box="[893,1009,284,306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.63±0.14</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E7123F1F6FEE4" box="[1160,1217,284,306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.7</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF29717BF1F6FE8C" box="[159,1217,324,346]" gridrow="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB717BF6C6FE8C" box="[893,1009,324,346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.5–2.8</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297152F1F6FE55" box="[159,1217,365,387]" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF297152F5C2FE55" box="[159,245,365,387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">EL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF7152F485FE55" box="[377,434,365,387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE57152F785FE55" box="[595,690,365,387]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.1–2.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7152F6C6FE55" box="[893,1009,365,387]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.3±0.27</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E7152F1F6FE55" box="[1160,1217,365,387]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.4</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2971AAF1F6FE7D" box="[159,1217,405,427]" gridrow="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB71AAF6C6FE7D" box="[893,1009,405,427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.1–2.7</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297181F1F6FE02" box="[159,1217,446,468]" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF297181F5C2FE02" box="[159,245,446,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">EW</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF7181F485FE02" box="[377,434,446,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE57181F785FE02" box="[595,690,446,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.1–2.1</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7181F6C6FE02" box="[893,1009,446,468]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.13±0.31</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E7181F1F6FE02" box="[1160,1217,446,468]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.2</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2971D9F1F6FE2A" box="[159,1217,486,508]" gridrow="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB71D9F6C6FE2A" box="[893,1009,486,508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">1.93–2.6</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297230F1F6FDF3" box="[159,1217,527,549]" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF297230F5C2FDF3" box="[159,245,527,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">IOD</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF7230F485FDF3" box="[377,434,527,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">8.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE57230F785FDF3" box="[595,690,527,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">7.6–7.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7230F6C6FDF3" box="[893,1009,527,549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">7.43±0.33</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E7230F1F6FDF3" box="[1160,1217,527,549]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">–</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297207F1F6FD98" box="[159,1217,568,590]" gridrow="9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7207F6C6FD98" box="[893,1009,568,590]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">7.1–7.8</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF29725FF1F6FDA0" box="[159,1217,608,630]" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF29725FF5C2FDA0" box="[159,245,608,630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">VP</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF725FF485FDA0" box="[377,434,608,630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">57</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE5725FF785FDA0" box="[595,690,608,630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">43–53</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB725FF6C6FDA0" box="[893,1009,608,630]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">54.25±5.19</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E725FF1F6FDA0" box="[1160,1217,608,630]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">42</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2972B6F1F6FD49" box="[159,1217,649,671]" gridrow="11" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB72B6F6C6FD49" box="[893,1009,649,671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">47–58</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF29728EF1F6FD11" box="[159,1217,689,711]" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF29728EF5C2FD11" box="[159,245,689,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">DP right</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF728EF485FD11" box="[377,434,689,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">24</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE5728EF785FD11" box="[595,690,689,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">18–18</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB728EF6C6FD11" box="[893,1009,689,711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">19.75±2.75</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E728EF1F6FD11" box="[1160,1217,689,711]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">18</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2972E5F1F6FD26" box="[159,1217,730,752]" gridrow="13" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB72E5F6C6FD26" box="[893,1009,730,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">17–23</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF29733DF1F6FCCE" box="[159,1217,770,792]" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF29733DF5C2FCCE" box="[159,245,770,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">DP left</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF733DF485FCCE" box="[377,434,770,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">17</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE5733DF785FCCE" box="[595,690,770,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">19–20</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB733DF6C6FCCE" box="[893,1009,770,792]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">19.5±3</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E733DF1F6FCCE" box="[1160,1217,770,792]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">17</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297314F1F6FC97" box="[159,1217,811,833]" gridrow="15" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7314F6C6FC97" box="[893,1009,811,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">17–23</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF29736CF1F6FCBF" box="[159,1217,851,873]" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF29736CF5C2FCBF" box="[159,245,851,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">WOD</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF736CF485FCBF" box="[377,434,851,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">6.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE5736CF785FCBF" box="[595,690,851,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">5.5–5.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB736CF6C6FCBF" box="[893,1009,851,873]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">5.9±0.27</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E736CF1F6FCBF" box="[1160,1217,851,873]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">5.6</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297343F1F6FC44" box="[159,1217,892,914]" gridrow="17" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7343F6C6FC44" box="[893,1009,892,914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">5.7–6.3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF29739BF1F6FC6C" box="[159,1217,932,954]" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF29739BF5C2FC6C" box="[159,245,932,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">WUJ</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF739BF485FC6C" box="[377,434,932,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">4</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE5739BF785FC6C" box="[595,690,932,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">3.2–3.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB739BF6C6FC6C" box="[893,1009,932,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">3.43±0.15</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E739BF1F6FC6C" box="[1160,1217,932,954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">3.3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2973F2F1F6FC35" box="[159,1217,973,995]" gridrow="19" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB73F2F6C6FC35" box="[893,1009,973,995]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">3.3–3.6</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2973CAF1F6FBDD" box="[159,1217,1013,1035]" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF2973CAF5C2FBDD" box="[159,245,1013,1035]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">UJP (%)</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF73CAF485FBDD" box="[377,434,1013,1035]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">61.54</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE573CAF785FBDD" box="[595,690,1013,1035]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">56.14–60</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB73CAF6C6FBDD" box="[893,1009,1013,1035]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">58.05±1.58</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E73CAF1F6FBDD" box="[1160,1217,1013,1035]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">58.93</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297421F1F6FBE2" box="[159,1217,1054,1076]" gridrow="21" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7421F6C6FBE2" box="[893,1009,1054,1076]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">56.9–60.34</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297478F1F6FB8B" box="[159,1217,1095,1117]" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF297478F5C2FB8B" box="[159,245,1095,1117]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">SL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF7478F485FB8B" box="[377,434,1095,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">4</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE57478F785FB8B" box="[595,690,1095,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">3.2–4.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7478F6C6FB8B" box="[893,1009,1095,1117]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">3.49±0.57</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E7478F1F6FB8B" box="[1160,1217,1095,1117]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">3.4</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297450F1F6FB53" box="[159,1217,1135,1157]" gridrow="23" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7450F6C6FB53" box="[893,1009,1135,1157]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.8–4.18</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2974A7F1F6FB78" box="[159,1217,1176,1198]" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF2974A7F5C2FB78" box="[159,245,1176,1198]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">SW</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF74A7F485FB78" box="[377,434,1176,1198]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">1.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE574A7F785FB78" box="[595,690,1176,1198]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">0.9–1.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB74A7F6C6FB78" box="[893,1009,1176,1198]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">1.76±0.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E74A7F1F6FB78" box="[1160,1217,1176,1198]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">1.4</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2974FFF1F6FB00" box="[159,1217,1216,1238]" gridrow="25" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB74FFF6C6FB00" box="[893,1009,1216,1238]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">1.5–1.94</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF2974D6F1F6FB29" box="[159,1217,1257,1279]" gridrow="26" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF2974D6F5C2FB29" box="[159,245,1257,1279]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">VTL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF74D6F485FB29" box="[377,434,1257,1279]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE574D6F785FB29" box="[595,690,1257,1279]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.6–3.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB74D6F6C6FB29" box="[893,1009,1257,1279]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.8±0.13</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E74D6F1F6FB29" box="[1160,1217,1257,1279]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">4</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF29752EF1F6FAF1" box="[159,1217,1297,1319]" gridrow="27" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB752EF6C6FAF1" box="[893,1009,1297,1319]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.7–2.99</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF297505F1F6FA86" box="[159,1217,1338,1360]" gridrow="28" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B0B2983FF297505F5C2FA86" box="[159,245,1338,1360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">VTW</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FECF7505F485FA86" box="[377,434,1338,1360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">3.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FDE57505F785FA86" box="[595,690,1338,1360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2–2.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB7505F6C6FA86" box="[893,1009,1338,1360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.77±1.15</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FB3E7505F1F6FA86" box="[1160,1217,1338,1360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.6</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B0B2983FF29755DF1F6FAAE" box="[159,1217,1378,1400]" gridrow="29" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B0B2983FCCB755DF6C6FAAE" box="[893,1009,1378,1400]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2.1–4.48</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0BD649FF71758AF4B3F91E" blockId="53.[151,1437,1460,2024]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
We documented changes in coloration during ontogenetic development of CJ 1958–9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0BD649FB15758BF1CEFA1A" box="[1187,1273,1460,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,412,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,412,1279]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 20. Ontogenetic changes in live Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1958), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Loja Province, Ecuador. Stages of Gosner: (A) Stage 36, (B) Stage 42, (C) Stage 46 (CJ 1959), and (D) adult. Scale = 10 mm. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628024/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
). At Stage 36, the dorsum and flanks are pale brown with dark brown areas on posterior body and flanks. By Stage 42, dorsal surfaces of body and limbs are uniform green; fine, cream, dorsolateral stripes are present, extending to midbody. Cream stripes border the outer dorsal margins of the limbs. At Stage 46, dorsal surfaces of body and limbs have more well-defined cream stripes, and a cream labial stripe; the canthus rostralis is green, and remaining flanks are mostly dark brown with an upper diffuse black-stripe. Dorsal surfaces of fingers and toes are brown except on finger and toe discs, which are yellowish-cream. The iris is copper-yellow, lacking the brown horizontal band that is observed in adults.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0BD649FF7176EAF5C1F849" blockId="53.[151,1437,1460,2024]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FF7176EAF453F93A" box="[199,356,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||||
Tadpoles of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FE4176EBF63FF93A" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[503,776,1748,1773]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FE4176EBF63FF93A" box="[503,776,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may occur in sympatry with those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FB0F76EAF02BF93B" box="[1209,1308,1748,1773]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FB0F76EAF02BF93B" box="[1209,1308,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FA9876EAF0A3F93B" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[1326,1428,1748,1773]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FA9876EAF0A3F93B" box="[1326,1428,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FF2176C7F47DF8C6" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,330,1783,1808]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychrophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FF2176C7F47DF8C6" box="[151,330,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. psychrophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FE2676C7F727F8C6" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[400,528,1784,1808]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FE2676C7F727F8C6" box="[400,528,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in the Loja-Abra de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FCA376C7F65BF8D9" box="[789,876,1784,1807]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Zamora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zamora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
region.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FC6676C8F1D2F8C6" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[976,1253,1783,1808]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FC6676C8F1D2F8C6" box="[976,1253,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FA3276C7F5EAF8E3" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FA3276C7F5EAF8E3" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by lacking a dorsal gray-pigmented fin that abruptly arises from the body; from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FBDC7722F1E6F8E3" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[1130,1233,1820,1845]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FBDC7722F1E6F8E3" box="[1130,1233,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a more rounded tail terminus and having bold cream marks in a dorsal line of caudal musculature, and from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FB4B777FF04EF88E" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1277,1401,1856,1880]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FB4B777FF04EF88E" box="[1277,1401,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a more rounded tail terminus (compare in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B0BD649FD72775BF63FF8AB" box="[708,776,1892,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). For
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FCFA775AF6CCF8AB" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1974" box="[844,1019,1892,1917]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychrophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FCFA775AF6CCF8AB" box="[844,1019,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. psychrophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, see remarks under
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FB6B775AF075F8AB" box="[1245,1346,1892,1917]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FB6B775AF075F8AB" box="[1245,1346,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpole account.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B0BD64AFF717793F148F87B" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B0BD64AFF717793F7CFFF01" blockId="53.[151,1437,1460,2024]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1436,151,359]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FF717793F4CAF813" bold="true" box="[199,509,1964,1989]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B0BD649FDBF7793F628F812" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[521,799,1964,1989]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B0BD649FDBF7793F628F812" box="[521,799,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
only is known from three localities in the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes in southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B0BD649FD8277F0F7A3F83E" box="[564,660,1999,2024]" name="Ecuador" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. These localities are in Parque Nacional Yacuri, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, and Reserva Tapichalaca in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B08D64AFDD670A7F606FF66" authority="Chinchipe" authorityName="Chinchipe" box="[608,817,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Zamora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zamora Chinchipe</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B08D64AFCD170A8F6ADFF66" box="[871,922,151,176]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||||
provinces. Its elevational range is
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B08D64AFAA870A8F59AFF01" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2394999999999996" metricValueMax="3.406" metricValueMin="3.073" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="3239.5" valueMax="3406.0" valueMin="3073.0">3073–3406 m</quantity>
|
||||
in an area of extent of occurrence of about
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B08D64AFD237081F7DDFF01" box="[661,746,190,215]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="450.0">450 km</quantity>
|
||||
<superScript id="A0B9B5150B08D64AFD5C7084F7C5FF1F" attach="left" box="[746,754,187,201]" fontSize="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2</superScript>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B08D64AFF7170DDF4C8FEB1" blockId="54.[151,1436,151,359]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
This mostly nocturnal, semiarboreal species inhabits mainly paramos and a few forests in the Evergreen Shrub and Herbazal of Paramo, and the Evergreen Montane Forest of Catamayo-Alamor (Ministerio de Ambiente del
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B08D64AFF217115F5C3FE95" box="[151,244,298,323]" name="Ecuador" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
2012), where the average annual rainfall is
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B08D64AFD457115F6AFFE94" box="[755,920,298,323]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0865" metricValueMax="1.278" metricValueMin="0.8949999999999999" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1086.5" valueMax="1278.0" valueMin="895.0">895–1278 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and the average annual temperature is 10.4– 13.5 °C (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B08D64AFF4F7171F4C4FEB1" author="Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J." box="[249,499,334,359]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="4302 - 4315" refId="ref42752" refString="Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. (2017) WorldClim 2: new 1 - km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37 (12), 4302 - 4315. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / joc. 5086" type="journal article" year="2017">Fick & Hijmans 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B08D64AFF21752BF0ABFA9F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628024/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[151,250,1300,1322]" targetBox="[151,1436,412,1279]" targetPageId="54">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B08D64AFF21752BF0ABFA9F" blockId="54.[151,1436,1300,1353]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B08D64AFF21752BF42EFAFC" bold="true" box="[151,281,1300,1322]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 20</emphasis>
|
||||
. Ontogenetic changes in live
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B08D64AFDFF752BF677FAFC" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[585,832,1300,1322]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B08D64AFDFF752BF677FAFC" box="[585,832,1300,1322]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(CJ 1958), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Loja Province, Ecuador. Stages of Gosner: (A) Stage 36, (B) Stage 42, (C) Stage 46 (CJ 1959), and (D) adult. Scale = 10 mm. Photos by LAC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B08D64AFF717549F4AFF904" blockId="54.[151,1437,1397,2037]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
At the Lagunas del Compadre in the Parque Nacional Podocarpus, a gravid female was collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B08D64AFA387549F478FA64" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1994-12-01">1 December 1994</date>
|
||||
. It deposited tadpoles on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B08D64AFDCF75A5F625FA65" box="[633,786,1434,1459]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2012-12">12 December</date>
|
||||
in the laboratory, some of them were raised, and others were preserved. On
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B08D64AFECA7581F76CFA00" box="[380,603,1469,1494]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2009-09-20">20 September 2009</date>
|
||||
, another female with eggs in her pouch was found at the same locality. It was sitting on moss at approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B08D64AFDED75DDF7BCFA2C" box="[603,651,1506,1530]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||||
from the Río Sabanilla, which is about
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B08D64AFBD975DDF1F6FA2D" box="[1135,1217,1506,1531]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
|
||||
from Lagunas del Compadre. The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B08D64AFEF8763AF484F9C8" box="[334,435,1541,1566]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, from Laguna Negra de Jimbura in the Parque Nacional Yacuri (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B08D64AFB26763AF1C2F9C8" box="[1168,1269,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. (A) Habitat of Gastrotheca elicioi, G. lojana, G. pseustes, G. psychrophila, and G. turnerorum at the Abra de Zamora, Loja Province, (B) habitat at the type locality of G. cuencana in Cuenca, Azuay Province, (C) habitat of G. turnerorum and G. yacuri at Lagunas Negras, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, (D) habitat of G. litonedis, G. lojana, and G. pseustes at Laguna de Busa, Azuay Province, (E) habitat of Gastrotheca lojana at El Tablón, Loja Province, (F) habitat of G. pseustes and (G–H) habitats of G. elicioi at Loja and 15 Km N of Loja, Loja Province. Photos A–B, E, G, H by LAC, C by PS, D by MMM, and F by Jan Verkade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628004/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), was found at the edge of a pond about 3
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B08D64AFE707614F4DEF994" box="[454,489,1578,1602]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
x
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B08D64AFE6D7615F4DEF994" box="[475,489,1578,1602]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
m at the edge of a lagoon, at 14:00 h. The water temperature was 16.4° C, and water pH was 5.3. Eighteen tadpoles were collected at this pond. Another group of tadpoles was found at 18:00 h; at the same locality in another lagoon, the water temperature was 7.4 ° C. Strong winds blow across the lagoon, and only a small patch of forest remained at one border (Elicio E. Tapia field notes,
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B08D64AFC4176A9F1A3F978" box="[1015,1172,1686,1710]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2011-06-12">12 June 2011</date>
|
||||
). A brooding female is depicted in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B08D64AFEAF7685F4A4F904" box="[281,403,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figure 10J</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B08D64AFF7176E2F148F87B" blockId="54.[151,1437,1397,2037]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B08D64AFF7176E2F48CF920" bold="true" box="[199,443,1757,1782]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||||
We suggest that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B08D64AFDC176E2F6B0F920" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[631,903,1757,1782]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B08D64AFDC176E2F6B0F920" box="[631,903,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
should be considered as an Endangered species according to criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii) of the IUCN Red List. Although this species occurs at the Yacuri and Podocarpus National Parks, we suggest this conservation status because of its small known area of occurrence (
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B08D64AFB5D7717F076F897" box="[1259,1345,1832,1857]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="159.0">159 km</quantity>
|
||||
<superScript id="A0B9B5150B08D64AFAF7771AF07EF8E5" attach="left" box="[1345,1353,1829,1843]" fontSize="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2</superScript>
|
||||
) that is vulnerable to improperly regulated tourism activities (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B08D64AFCBA7773F69BF8B3" author="Aguirre, Z." box="[780,940,1868,1893]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="217 - 218" refId="ref40895" refString="Aguirre, Z. (2001) La influencia de las actividades turisticas en los paramos del sur del Ecuador. In: Mena-Vasconez, P., Medina, G. & Hofstede, R. G. M. (Eds.), Los Paramos del Ecuador. Particularidades, Problemas y Perspectivas. Abya Yala, Quito, pp 217 - 218." type="book chapter" year="2001">Aguirre 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), introduced species such as trout, climate change, and pathogens. Laguna Negra de Jimbura has suffered the synergistic effects of agriculture, cattle and sheep raising, fires, introduced species, pesticide use, and unregulated tourism activitites.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B08D64BFF717787F4E8FDEB" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B08D64BFF717787F4E8FDEB" blockId="54.[151,1437,1397,2037]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B08D64AFF717787F479F807" bold="true" box="[199,334,1976,2001]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
The specific name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B08D64AFD9F7785F79EF807" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[553,681,1978,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B08D64AFD9F7785F79EF807" box="[553,681,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a latinized word that honors the Turner family. As unique as this marsupial frog is to the amphibian world, the Turner family stands out in their exceptional, unwavering and ever- growing commitment to conservation of the world natural resources. From Ted Turner’s pioneering efforts to protect very large land areas and restore them to their original and natural states of clean water and abundant fauna and flora to granddaughter Elizabeth’s awareness-raising book “Our friends the frogs,” there are multiple generations of active conservationists with a true appreciation for the value of all of our natural resources. In 1991, Laura Turner Seydel (with father Ted) co-founded the Captain Planet Foundation and continues to work diligently to inspire the same appreciation for conservation and sustainable living in the next generation of young people who will surely be making big decisions that will affect the health of our planet for themselves and their own grandchildren. Through the camera’s eye, Rhett Turner has managed to put conservation issues such as the pollinator perils and amphibian crisis in front of millions of people. Through the Turner Endangered Species Fund, there is hope for dozens of threatened species of plants and animals in the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFC6271E3F6CFFE22" box="[980,1016,476,500]" name="United States of America" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">US</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and abroad that was not there before. Together, the Turner family has put their hearts, souls, and personal resources into helping make the planet a better place for the next generation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D64BFF717278F4FDFD52" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF717278F4FDFD52" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF717278F478FDB6" bold="true" box="[199,335,583,608]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFEEB7278F742FDB6" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[349,629,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFEEB7278F742FDB6" box="[349,629,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
belongs to the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFC007278F108FDB6" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[950,1087,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFC007278F108FDB6" box="[950,1087,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as reported as species C in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B09D64BFF217253F4F1FD52" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[151,454,620,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015: Fig 12.1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
1869
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923
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@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
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<mods:title id="B9CF844E6E15348A293CD3EFEFA62FF7">Phylogenetic systematics, ecology, and conservation of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new biphasic species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D7BAA157E88E4D7911411F152B2FDC69">Carvajal-Endara, Sofía</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF9B47094957701BA0AAEA9C86BB3EF9">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="070DDB48C3267CDB9FEFC391A6AC0491">Morales-Mite, Manuel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="CDC025733ACC486BCD0F741A9AF09180">2019-02-27</mods:number>
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<treatment id="DF65A94B0B70D628FF2172C1F079FCEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941955" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941955" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B70D628FF2172C1F079FCEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF65A94B0B70D628FF2172C1F079FCEE" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FF2172C1F7F6FCCE" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authority="Duellman & Hillis 1987" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,705,766,792]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FF2172C1F7F6FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,705,766,792]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FF2172C1F4A3FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,404,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FE2D72C1F7F6FCCE" author="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M." box="[411,705,766,792]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="141 - 173" refId="ref42571" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M. (1987) Marsupial frogs (Anura: Hylidae: Gastrotheca) of the Ecuadorian Andes: resolution of taxonomic problems and phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 43, 141 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">Duellman & Hillis 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B70D632FF21737AF141FA80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B70D632FF21737AF71CFB3F" blockId="78.[151,1437,837,2014]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FF21737AF4B2FC8B" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,389,837,862]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FF21737AF4B2FC8B" box="[151,389,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described from
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FDC77379F788FC88" box="[625,703,837,862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="km" value="7.1">7.1 km</quantity>
|
||||
by road north of San Lucas,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FBBE7379F169FC8B" box="[1032,1118,838,862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="2940.0">2940 m</quantity>
|
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(
|
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|
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,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B70D632FB577379F063FC88" box="[1249,1364,837,862]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="-79.25">79° 15' W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FADF737AF5CAFC54" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FEBA7356F45CFC54" box="[268,363,873,898]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, in the southern Andean Cordillera. The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B70D632FCFA7355F64BFC54" box="[844,892,874,898]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality is located about midway between San Lucas and Saraguro. Current assignment of specimens to this taxon is constrained because: (1) there is a high phenotypic similarity between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE47738DF75AFC1F" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[497,621,946,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE47738DF75AFC1F" box="[497,621,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FD12738DF61BFC1C" ID-CoL="6K9WP" box="[676,812,945,970]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FD12738DF61BFC1C" box="[676,812,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Cordillera de Huancabamba in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FB4E738DF01BFC1F" box="[1272,1324,946,969]" name="Peru" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(compare both species in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FEF873EAF496FC38" box="[334,417,981,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FE5173EAF7ABFC38" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[487,668,981,1006]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: Fig. 12.21); (2). There is no genetic information for topotypic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FA3273E9F436FBC4" ID-CoL="6K9WP" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FA3273E9F436FBC4" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, thereby precluding comparisons with specimens from southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FC4173C6F16FFBC4" box="[1015,1112,1017,1042]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; (3) according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FA9873C6F5D3FBE0" author="Duellman, W. E." pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, variation in morphometrics, structural characters, and coloration within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FB977421F1A9FBE3" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1057,1182,1054,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FB977421F1A9FBE3" box="[1057,1182,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
presents a geographic mosaic, except for the southernmost population, Saraguro. The frogs from Saraguro are somewhat more distinctive than the others in being larger in size, and in having broader heads and some consistent characteristics of color pattern, including dark flanks with pale spots and uniformly dark posterior surfaces of the thighs; and (4) new molecular phylogeographic data (not shown) suggest that there may be at least two species in what is now recognized as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE8174EEF713FB3F" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[311,548,1233,1258]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE8174EEF713FB3F" box="[311,548,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B70D632FF7174CAF141FA80" blockId="78.[151,1437,837,2014]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
While awaiting ongoing analyses of molecular data and a future report with a more detailed taxonomic and phylogeographic revision of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE687526F7FAFAE7" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[478,717,1305,1330]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE687526F7FAFAE7" box="[478,717,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, we provide additional data of specimens (adults, tadpoles and metamorphs) from the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B70D632FE2E7501F4FFFA80" box="[408,456,1342,1366]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality and surrounding areas in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FCF07502F64EFA80" box="[838,889,1341,1366]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FC197502F6CCFA80" box="[943,1019,1341,1366]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">El Oro</collectingRegion>
|
||||
provinces.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B70D628FF71755EF079FCEE" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B70D632FF71755EF4C7F8D3" blockId="78.[151,1437,837,2014]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
The recognition of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE2B755EF7A0FAAC" box="[413,663,1377,1402]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE2B755EF7A0FAAC" box="[413,663,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca lateonota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FC94755EF648FAAC" box="[802,895,1377,1402]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FC7A755EF12FFAAC" box="[972,1048,1377,1402]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">El Oro</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FBFB755EF1B6FAAC" box="[1101,1153,1377,1402]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||||
provinces) by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FA91755EF449FA48" author="Blackburn, D. C. & Duellman, W. E." pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="709 - 714" refId="ref41289" refString="Blackburn, D. C. & Duellman, W. E. (2013) Brazilian marsupial frogs are diphyletic (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68 (3), 709 - 714. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.04.021" type="journal article" year="2013">Blackburn & Duellman (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FE3875BAF7ABFA48" author="Duellman, W. E. & Barley, A. J. & Venegas, P. J." box="[398,668,1413,1438]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="159 - 177" refId="ref42452" refString="Duellman, W. E., Barley, A. J. & Venegas, P. J. (2014) Cryptic species diversity in marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) in the Andes of northern Peru. Zootaxa, 3768 (2), 159 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3768.2.4" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Duellman
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDBE75B9F773FA48" box="[520,580,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2014)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FD1A75B9F6DBFA48" author="Yanez-Munoz, M. H. & Sanchez L & Lopez, K. & Rea S & Ramos, P. A. M. & Oyagata, L. A. & Paul, C." box="[684,1004,1413,1438]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="5" refId="ref46173" refString="Yanez-Munoz, M. H., Sanchez L, J. C., Lopez, K., Rea S, E., Ramos, P. A. M., Oyagata, L. A. & Paul, C. (2014) Expansion of the distributional range of some species of amphibians and reptiles in southwestern Ecuador. Ampliaciones del rango de distribucion de algunas especies de anfibios y reptiles en el suroccidente de Ecuador. Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierias, 6 (1), B 2 - B 5." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Yáñez-Muñoz
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FCE175B9F6A3FA48" box="[855,916,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2014)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FB9975BAF1C4FA48" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[1071,1267,1413,1438]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
was based on specimens identified as that species by Carvajal-Endara and Coloma. Subsequent examination of the specimens from Chilla,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FE8775F2F4C3FA30" box="[305,500,1485,1510]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, reveals that they do not differ from the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B70D632FC5575F2F172FA30" box="[995,1093,1485,1510]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(KU 203443,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FB4075F2F057FA30" box="[1270,1376,1485,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and additional specimens (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FE2475CEF4DCF9DC" box="[402,491,1521,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
D–F) of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FDFB75CDF7FEF9DF" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[589,713,1522,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDFB75CDF7FEF9DF" box="[589,713,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FCA275CDF655F9DC" box="[788,866,1521,1546]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="km" value="3.7">3.7 km</quantity>
|
||||
S Saraguro,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FC4575CDF170F9DF" box="[1011,1095,1522,1546]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
|
||||
. Thus, we do not recognize
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FA3275CDF436F9F8" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FA3275CDF436F9F8" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to occur in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FE30762AF4D2F9F8" box="[390,485,1557,1582]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and treat the specimens from Chilla as part of a series of populations we consider
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FA327629F5C3F987" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FA327629F5C3F987" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FEC67605F4D9F987" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[368,494,1594,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FEC67605F4D9F987" box="[368,494,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FDA07605F7A3F987" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[534,660,1594,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDA07605F7A3F987" box="[534,660,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FD0A7606F626F984" box="[700,785,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 33. Localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca lateonota (red), G. pseustes 1 (green), and G. pseustes 2 (blue). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628050/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||||
), occurring from the Equator south to high elevations of Podocarpus National Park in southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FDEB7662F78DF9A0" box="[605,698,1629,1654]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(see also map in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FC237662F17CF9A0" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[917,1099,1629,1654]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: Figure 12.47). Conceivably, molecular data from topotypic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FDB876BDF7A9F94C" box="[526,670,1665,1690]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDB876BDF7A9F94C" box="[526,670,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FD4776BEF663F94C" box="[753,852,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="km" value="31.5">31.5 km</quantity>
|
||||
[by road] E Canchaque,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FB2676BDF1D8F94F" box="[1168,1263,1666,1690]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="2770.0">2770 m</quantity>
|
||||
, Cordillera de Huancabamba,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FEF1769AF737F968" box="[327,512,1701,1726]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Región de Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FDBB7699F774F96B" box="[525,579,1702,1725]" name="Peru" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FDEE769AF79AF968" box="[600,685,1701,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 33. Localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca lateonota (red), G. pseustes 1 (green), and G. pseustes 2 (blue). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628050/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and additional populations from northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FB2B7699F1E6F96B" box="[1181,1233,1702,1725]" name="Peru" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||||
would resolve by (1) placement of non-type populations in either
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FD0F76F5F600F937" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[697,823,1738,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FD0F76F5F600F937" box="[697,823,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FCE976F5F6DEF934" box="[863,1001,1737,1762]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FCE976F5F6DEF934" box="[863,1001,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, or (2) placement of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FB6B76F5F050F934" box="[1245,1383,1737,1762]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FB6B76F5F050F934" box="[1245,1383,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a junior synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FEDA76D1F4DFF8D0" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[364,488,1774,1798]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FEDA76D1F4DFF8D0" box="[364,488,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B70D632FF71772EF427F808" blockId="78.[151,1437,837,2014]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FF71772EF702F8FC" author="Castroviejo-Fisher, S. & Padial, J. & De La Riva, I. & Pombal Jr., J. & Da Silva, H. & Rojas-Runjaic, F. & Medina-Mendez, E. & Frost, D." box="[199,565,1809,1834]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref41480" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Padial, J., De La Riva, I., Pombal Jr., J., Da Silva, H., Rojas-Runjaic, F., Medina-Mendez, E. & Frost, D. (2015) Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa, 4004 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4004.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Castroviejo-Fisher
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE15772DF4E8F8FC" box="[419,479,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2015)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
included in a phylogenetic analysis a specimen UINHM 94580 from San Rafael,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FF587709F40FF898" box="[238,312,1846,1870]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Azuay</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FEF5770AF497F898" box="[323,416,1845,1870]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
under the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FDEC770AF654F898" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[602,867,1845,1870]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riobambae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDEC770AF654F898" box="[602,867,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca riobambae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a species that does not occur in southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FA8D770AF0A2F898" box="[1339,1429,1845,1870]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Their analysis places it in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE517765F755F8A7" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[487,610,1882,1905]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE517765F755F8A7" box="[487,610,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex. We also found a locality named San Rafael in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FB577765F0AEF8A4" box="[1249,1433,1881,1906]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Azuay Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, which is located between Cuenca and Cumbe, in Parroquia Tarqui at about
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FC517741F10BF843" box="[999,1084,1918,1942]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
|
||||
asl (not in the lowlands as was stated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FEBE779EF75BF86C" author="Castroviejo-Fisher, S. & Padial, J. & De La Riva, I. & Pombal Jr., J. & Da Silva, H. & Rojas-Runjaic, F. & Medina-Mendez, E. & Frost, D." box="[264,620,1953,1978]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref41480" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Padial, J., De La Riva, I., Pombal Jr., J., Da Silva, H., Rojas-Runjaic, F., Medina-Mendez, E. & Frost, D. (2015) Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa, 4004 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4004.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Castroviejo-Fisher
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE55779DF712F86C" box="[483,549,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||||
2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This locality is well within the altitudinal and latitudinal range of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FA32779DF5C3F808" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FA32779DF5C3F808" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B71D633FF2176BCF1AEF96E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628050/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,250,1667,1689]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1646]" targetPageId="79">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B71D633FF2176BCF1AEF96E" blockId="79.[151,1437,1667,1720]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FF2176BCF42DF94F" bold="true" box="[151,282,1667,1689]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 33</emphasis>
|
||||
. Localities of known occurrence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FD2776BCF643F94F" box="[657,884,1667,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FD2776BCF643F94F" box="[657,884,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Gastrotheca lateonota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(red),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FC0D76BBF11AF94F" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[955,1069,1668,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FC0D76BBF11AF94F" box="[955,1069,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1 (green), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FB7A76BBF00AF94F" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1228,1341,1668,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FB7A76BBF00AF94F" box="[1228,1341,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2 (blue). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B71D62CFF7176DBF711FE7B" blockId="79.[151,1436,1764,2006]" lastBlockId="80.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
Herein, we provide meristic data from specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FCA176DBF131F92B" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[791,1030,1764,1789]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FCA176DBF131F92B" box="[791,1030,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1 and 2 (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B71D633FBC676DBF1F1F92B" box="[1136,1222,1764,1789]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="21.[147,235,582,605]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (in mm) of adults of Gastrotheca litonedis, G. lojana, G. cuencana, G. elicioi, G. turnerorum, G. pseustes 1, G. pseustes 2, G. psychrophila, G. monticola, and G. yacuri. Mean±SD, and range are given. Abbreviations are: SVL (snout–vent length), TIBL (tibia length), FL (foot length), HL (head length), HW (head width), IOD (interorbital distance), EW (eyelid width), IND (internarial distance), ED (eye diameter), EN (eye–nostril distance), TD (tympanum diameter), FFL (thumb length), TFL (third finger length) and TFD (third finger disc width)." pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
), images depicting intrapopulation color pattern variation of metamorphs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B71D633FCBB7737F654F8F7" box="[781,867,1800,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,481,1680]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 34. Metamorph (Stage 46 of Gosner) variation in live Gastrotheca pseustes 1 from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador: (A) CJ 1954, (B) QCAZ 45126, (C) CJ 1955, (D) CJ 1953, (E) CJ 1956, and (E) from Chilla–Saraguro (CJ 1956). Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628052/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||||
), of adults of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FBB07736F1B4F8F7" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1030,1155,1801,1825]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FBB07736F1B4F8F7" box="[1030,1155,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1 from the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B71D633FAB97736F008F8F7" box="[1295,1343,1801,1825]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B71D633FF297713F432F893" box="[159,261,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and from Chillacocha (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B71D633FDA17713F745F893" box="[535,626,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
D–F). Data for additional specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FB847712F19AF893" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1074,1197,1837,1861]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FB847712F19AF893" box="[1074,1197,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1 are: QCAZ 45121, 45124
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FF6B776FF5DCF8BF" bold="true" box="[221,235,1872,1897]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">–</emphasis>
|
||||
5, adult males, and QCAZ 45123 adult female from Chillacocha, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B71D633FC52776EF12AF8BF" box="[996,1053,1872,1897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||||
SW Chilla,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B71D633FB1D776FF053F8BF" box="[1195,1380,1872,1897]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B71D633FAC2776EF42FF85B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="1" value="-3.5108612">03° 30' 39.1" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B71D633FE90774AF4C6F85A" box="[294,497,1908,1933]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="1" value="-79.6147">79° 36' 52.92" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B71D633FE49774BF760F85B" box="[511,599,1908,1933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.163" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="3163.0">3163 m</quantity>
|
||||
) collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B71D633FD4A774AF680F85B" box="[764,951,1909,1933]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="2009-08-18">18 August 2009</date>
|
||||
. The frogs were on leaves of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FAB9774AF044F85A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1295,1395,1909,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gunneraceae" genus="Gunnera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gunnerales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FAB9774AF044F85A" box="[1295,1395,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Gunnera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FF2877A6F403F867" box="[158,308,1945,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gunneraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gunnerales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gunneraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) near a small stream and adjoining marshland about
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B71D633FC2077A6F6D7F867" box="[918,992,1944,1969]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="2010-10-05">
|
||||
10 x
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B71D633FC6477A7F6D7F867" box="[978,992,1944,1969]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="5.0">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B71D633FC6477A7F6D7F867" box="[978,992,1944,1969]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="generic">5</specimenCount>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
m. The water temperature was 9.6° C. Two individuals—CJ
|
||||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B71D633FE267782F4CDF800" box="[400,506,1981,2006]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="adult">201 adult</specimenCount>
|
||||
female and KU 335386 adult male—are from Chillacocha, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B71D633FB0C7782F1C3F800" box="[1210,1268,1981,2006]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||||
SW Chilla,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B71D62CFA357782F419FF66" country="Ecuador" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" name="El Oro" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFE8B70A7F4C0FF66" box="[317,503,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-3.5042694">03° 30' 15.37" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFDB270A7F78CFF79" box="[516,699,152,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-79.61714">79° 37' 01.7" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFD7070A8F62BFF66" box="[710,796,151,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="3250.0">3250 m</quantity>
|
||||
) collected on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFC0A70A7F164FF66" box="[956,1107,152,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-10">10 June 2011</date>
|
||||
. They were in amplexus on a leaf of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6ED62CFF5B7082F466FF02" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[237,337,189,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gunneraceae" genus="Gunnera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gunnerales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6ED62CFF5B7082F466FF02" box="[237,337,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Gunnera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6ED62CFE3B7083F714FF02" box="[397,547,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gunneraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gunnerales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gunneraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFD577083F61DFF02" box="[737,810,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
|
||||
above the ground and a small stream. Tadpoles were collected from a puddle next to the road in the vicinity of Chilla,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6ED62CFCC670E0F110FF2E" box="[880,1063,223,248]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFB8070DFF1D8FF2E" box="[1078,1263,224,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-3.4581695">03° 27' 29.41" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFB4D70DFF583FECA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-79.58113">79° 34' 52.07" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFF09713BF422FECA" box="[191,277,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.452" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="2452.0">2452 m</quantity>
|
||||
) on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFEF1713BF4EAFECA" box="[327,477,260,284]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-11">11 June 2011</date>
|
||||
; one of these was raised to be an adult male (CJ 399). Tadpoles were collected from a puddle next to the road at Manu,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6ED62CFDB87118F79BFE96" box="[526,684,295,320]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFD0A7117F640FE96" box="[700,887,296,320]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-3.5547304">03° 33' 17.03" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFC357117F10CFEE9" box="[899,1083,295,320]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-79.36834">79° 22' 6.02" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFBF17118F1AAFE96" box="[1095,1181,295,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.876" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="2876.0">2876 m</quantity>
|
||||
) on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFB677117F05FFE96" box="[1233,1384,296,320]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-11">11 June 2011</date>
|
||||
; one of these was raised to be an adult female (CJ 400). Tadpoles were collected from the entrance of Parque Nacional Podocarpus,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6ED62CFE9E7150F4F1FE5E" box="[296,454,367,392]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFE63714FF7B8FE5E" box="[469,655,367,392]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-4.09042">04° 05' 25.51" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFD2A714FF656FE51" box="[668,865,368,392]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-79.20277">79° 12' 09.97" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFCDA7150F6F5FE5E" box="[876,962,367,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.456" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="2456.0">2456 m</quantity>
|
||||
) on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFC43714FF1BBFE5E" box="[1013,1164,368,392]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-14">14 June 2011</date>
|
||||
; one of these was raised to be an adult female (KU 335387).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B6ED62CFF217699F4A2F92F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628052/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,250,1702,1724]" targetBox="[151,1436,481,1680]" targetPageId="80">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6ED62CFF217699F4A2F92F" blockId="80.[151,1436,1702,1785]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6ED62CFF217699F42CF96A" bold="true" box="[151,283,1702,1724]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 34</emphasis>
|
||||
. Metamorph (Stage 46 of Gosner) variation in live
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6ED62CFC807699F139F96A" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[822,1038,1702,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6ED62CFC807699F139F96A" box="[822,1038,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1 from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador: (A) CJ 1954, (B) QCAZ 45126, (C) CJ 1955, (D) CJ 1953, (E) CJ 1956, and (E) from Chilla–Saraguro (CJ 1956). Not to scale. Photos by LAC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6ED62DFF71771FF48EFD1B" blockId="80.[151,1437,1824,2029]" lastBlockId="81.[151,1437,151,1400]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6ED62CFF71771FF40FF8EF" bold="true" box="[199,312,1824,1849]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Tadpoles.</emphasis>
|
||||
Tadpoles belong to
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B6ED62CFD94771EF76EF8EF" box="[546,601,1825,1849]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
IV tadpole of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B6ED62CFCB5771EF6ADF8EF" author="Orton, G. L." box="[771,922,1824,1849]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="63 - 75" refId="ref44349" refString="Orton, G. L. (1953) The systematics of vertebrate larvae. Systematic Zoology, 2 (2), 63 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2411661" type="journal article" year="1953">Orton (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and the exotroph, benthic ecomorphological guild. All measurements are expressed in millimeters. The following description is based on a specimen in Stage 36, from a series (CJ 1949) obtained from a pond at Chillacocha,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFC287756F6EDF857" box="[926,986,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||||
SW Chilla,
|
||||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFBD97757F1FEF856" box="[1135,1225,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="3250.0">3250 m</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6ED62CFB6E7757F0AEF857" box="[1240,1433,1896,1921]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B6ED62CFF2177B3F5C1F873" box="[151,246,1932,1957]" name="Ecuador" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, by Elicio E. Tapia, Sofía Carvajal-Endara, and Henry Grefa on
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFC7177B2F16BF873" box="[967,1116,1933,1957]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-10">10 June 2011</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6ED62CFBDD77B3F1F5F873" box="[1131,1218,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Total length 58.2; body length 22.7 (39% of total length). Body ovoid in dorsal and lateral views, slightly depressed; throat concave in lateral profile, sloping from anterior margin of snout to belly; body width at level of spiracle 15.3, and height at same position 12.9; head width at level of eyes 11.7. Lateral-line system present but barely visible, supraorbital and infraorbital lines both originating at tip of snout, running parallel to the eye and making contact immediately behind the eye; angular line descending vertically from just posterior of eye to throat; it dorsally contacts with post infraorbital line; post-supraocular present in form of a few stitches, anterior oral line descending vertically from oral disc level and behind nares level to throat, making a curve that parallels infraorbital line, forming a circuit continuous with angular and loreal lines; ventral line surrounds dorsally the spiracle; dorsal body and middle body lines not visible. Nostril medium sized (in proportion to body length), ovoid, protruding, with a fleshy annulus, its opening directed anterolaterally. Snout–nostril distance 3.9; internarial distance 3.6. Eye positioned and directed dorsolaterally, eye length 2.9, eye width 2.3; interorbital distance 7.1. Spiracle sinistral, located at midbody, spiracular opening oriented posteriorly; distance from tip of snout to spiracular opening 15.6; end of spiracle rounded, attached to body wall, inner wall of spiracle not evident; tube length 2.7, tube transverse width 3.0. Vent tube dextral, opening directed posteriorly, tube length 2.9, tube transverse width 2.8. Tail length 35.0, caudal musculature robust, narrowing gradually until tail terminus; caudal muscle height 4.5, caudal muscle width 4.3; caudal fins well developed and proportional, dorsal fin originating near tail-body junction, forming low hump; dorsal fin height 4.2, ventral fin height 3.8; maximum height of tail 12.3; tail terminus rounded, caudal musculature not reaching fin terminus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFF7172E8F436FC3B" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Oral disc small, ventral, anteriorly reaching level of tip of snout, not protruding laterally beyond body, not visible dorsally; transverse width 5.9, surrounded by an uniserial row of small, marginal papillae, interrupted medially in upper lip; lower lip papillae alternating in orientation in and out, giving appearance of two rows; upper lip with 17 papillae on right side and 16 papillae on left side; lower lip with 52 marginal papillae; upper jaw sheath medium-sized, forming a finely serrated, smooth arch, with lateral processes, height 0.56, transverse width 3.7 (63% of oral disc width); lower jaw sheath V- shaped, finely serrated, width 2.9, height 0.68. Labial tooth row formula 2/3(1), tooth rows lengths: A1: 4.2, A2: 4.5, P1 right row 1.9, P1 left row 2.0, P1 gap 0.3, P2: 4.1, P3: 3.7. (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6FD62DFF2973EBF5C3FC3B" box="[159,244,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1453,1475]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oral discs of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 38), from Cuenca (south control), Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 5292, Stage 35), from from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 4309, Stage 37), from El Tablón, Loja Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4311, Stage 36), from Barrio Puntzará Grande, Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1959, Stage 39), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627994/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFF7173C8F6C4FBAB" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6FD62DFF7173C8F48AFBC6" box="[199,445,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Color in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsum gray with darker gray areas on flanks, above eye and on throat; margin of snout paler than adjacent areas. Caudal musculature and fins with a profusion of medium-sized dots that are most dense on upper part of the musculature; fins otherwise translucent. Venter cream, speckled with white, guts not exposed; eyes lavender gray with irregular white markings, oral apparatus translucent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFF7174B8F41EFAAE" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6FD62DFF7174B8F460FB76" box="[199,343,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||||
In dorsal view, body tan with black flecks. Flanks reticulated with black and tan; areas around the eyes and snout paler tan. Venter cream with black markings; throat translucent with small cream flecks; reddish gills evident. Caudal muscles reddish-pink, more evident on proximal half; myomeres barely visible; caudal muscles and fins having medium-sized cream dots, most dense on upper side of caudal muscles and near tail-body junction, forming a nearly conitnuous stripe along dorsolateral caudal musculature; otherwise caudal fins translucent. Legs cream with black markings on toes. Oral apparatus pale cream. Iris copper-yellow, with black reticulations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B6FD62DFF21759BF7E2FA2D" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFF21759BF7E2FA2D" blockId="81.[151,1436,1443,1531]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6FD62DFF21759BF42FFA6D" bold="true" box="[151,280,1444,1467]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
Variation of 26 meristic characters of tadpoles in Stages 36–42 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6FD62DFC59759CF1E4FA6D" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1007,1235,1443,1467]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6FD62DFC59759CF1E4FA6D" box="[1007,1235,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(CJ 1949). Values are given in mm, mean±standard deviations (first row) and ranges (second row), number of specimens in parentheses. See Materials and methods for character abreviations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFE1E7629F021F872" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<table id="25CCEAFD0B6F2983FF297629F015F872" box="[159,1314,1558,1956]" colsContinueIn="82.[159,1314,201,1836]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF297629F015F9FA" box="[159,1314,1558,1580]" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E7629F4C8F9FA" box="[424,511,1558,1580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Stage 36</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD107629F7C9F9FA" box="[678,766,1558,1580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Stage 40</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC137629F115F9FA" box="[933,1058,1558,1580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Stage 41</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB157629F015F9FA" box="[1187,1314,1558,1580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Stage 42</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF29767FF015F980" box="[159,1314,1600,1622]" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E767FF4C8F980" box="[424,511,1600,1622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">(n=1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD10767FF7C9F980" box="[678,766,1600,1622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">(n=1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC13767FF115F980" box="[933,1058,1600,1622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">(n=2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB15767FF015F980" box="[1187,1314,1600,1622]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">(n=3)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF297655F015F956" box="[159,1314,1642,1664]" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FF297655F5FFF956" box="[159,200,1642,1664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">TL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E7655F4C8F956" box="[424,511,1642,1664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">58.23</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD107655F7C9F956" box="[678,766,1642,1664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">55.02</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC137655F115F956" box="[933,1058,1642,1664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">57.6–58.66</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB157655F015F956" box="[1187,1314,1642,1664]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">54.61±3.1</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF2976ABF015F97C" box="[159,1314,1684,1706]" gridrow="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB1576ABF015F97C" box="[1187,1314,1684,1706]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">51.24–57.34</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF297681F015F902" box="[159,1314,1726,1748]" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FF297681F5FFF902" box="[159,200,1726,1748]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">BL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E7681F4C8F902" box="[424,511,1726,1748]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">23.19</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD107681F7C9F902" box="[678,766,1726,1748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">19.13</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC137681F115F902" box="[933,1058,1726,1748]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">19–19.33</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB157681F015F902" box="[1187,1314,1726,1748]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">16.65±1.23</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF2976D6F015F929" box="[159,1314,1769,1791]" gridrow="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB1576D6F015F929" box="[1187,1314,1769,1791]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">15.35–17.82</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF29772DF015F8FE" box="[159,1314,1810,1832]" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FF29772DF5FFF8FE" box="[159,200,1810,1832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">BW</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E772DF4C8F8FE" box="[424,511,1810,1832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">15.27</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD10772DF7C9F8FE" box="[678,766,1810,1832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">11.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC13772DF115F8FE" box="[933,1058,1810,1832]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">11.51–11.81</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB15772DF015F8FE" box="[1187,1314,1810,1832]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">9.44±1.18</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF297703F015F884" box="[159,1314,1852,1874]" gridrow="7" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB157703F015F884" box="[1187,1314,1852,1874]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">8.09–10.31</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF29775AF015F8AD" box="[159,1314,1893,1915]" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FF29775AF5FFF8AD" box="[159,200,1893,1915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">BH</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E775AF4C8F8AD" box="[424,511,1893,1915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">12.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD10775AF7C9F8AD" box="[678,766,1893,1915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">9.58</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC13775AF115F8AD" box="[933,1058,1893,1915]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">8.67–8.93</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB15775AF015F8AD" box="[1187,1314,1893,1915]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">8.86±1</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF2977B1F015F872" box="[159,1314,1934,1956]" gridrow="9" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB1577B1F015F872" box="[1187,1314,1934,1956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">8.23–10.01</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFBEA7787F0A5F818" blockId="81.[1116,1426,1976,1998]" box="[1116,1426,1976,1998]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<tableNote id="AA2A19D30B6FD62DFBEA7787F0A5F818" box="[1116,1426,1976,1998]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[159,1314,1558,1956]" targetPageId="81">......continued on the next page</tableNote>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B6CD62EFF29709FF4AEFF60" box="[159,409,160,182]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6CD62EFF29709FF4AEFF60" blockId="82.[159,409,160,182]" box="[159,409,160,182]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6CD62EFF29709FF42EFF60" bold="true" box="[159,281,160,182]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
(Continued)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6CD62EFE1E70F6F186F8FA" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<table id="25CCEAFD0B6C2983FF2970F6F015F8FA" box="[159,1314,201,1836]" colsContinueFrom="81.[159,1314,1558,1956]" gridcols="5" gridrows="39" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2970F6F015FF09" box="[159,1314,201,223]" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E70F6F4C8FF09" box="[424,511,201,223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Stage 36</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1070F6F7C9FF09" box="[678,766,201,223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Stage 40</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1370F6F113FF09" box="[933,1060,201,223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Stage 41</th>
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1570F6F015FF09" box="[1187,1314,201,223]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Stage 42</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2970CDF015FEDE" box="[159,1314,242,264]" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E70CDF4C8FEDE" box="[424,511,242,264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">(n=1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1070CDF7C9FEDE" box="[678,766,242,264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">(n=1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1370CDF113FEDE" box="[933,1060,242,264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">(n=2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1570CDF015FEDE" box="[1187,1314,242,264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">(n=3)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297122F015FEE5" box="[159,1314,285,307]" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297122F5CFFEE5" box="[159,248,285,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">HWEL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7122F4C8FEE5" box="[424,511,285,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">11.66</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107122F7C9FEE5" box="[678,766,285,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">9.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137122F113FEE5" box="[933,1060,285,307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.18–10.63</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157122F015FEE5" box="[1187,1314,285,307]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.32±0.85</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297179F015FE8A" box="[159,1314,326,348]" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157179F015FE8A" box="[1187,1314,326,348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">9.33–10.82</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29714FF015FE50" box="[159,1314,368,390]" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29714FF5CFFE50" box="[159,248,368,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TAL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E714FF4C8FE50" box="[424,511,368,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">35.04</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10714FF7C9FE50" box="[678,766,368,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">35.89</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13714FF113FE50" box="[933,1060,368,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">38.6–39.33</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15714FF015FE50" box="[1187,1314,368,390]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">37.96±1.87</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2971A6F015FE79" box="[159,1314,409,431]" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1571A6F015FE79" box="[1187,1314,409,431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">35.89–39.52</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2971FDF015FE0E" box="[159,1314,450,472]" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2971FDF5CFFE0E" box="[159,248,450,472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TLP (%)</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E71FDF4C8FE0E" box="[424,511,450,472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">60.18</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1071FDF7C9FE0E" box="[678,766,450,472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">65.23</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1371FDF113FE0E" box="[933,1060,450,472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">67.01–67.05</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1571FDF015FE0E" box="[1187,1314,450,472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">69.52±0.57</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2971D3F015FDD4" box="[159,1314,492,514]" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1571D3F015FDD4" box="[1187,1314,492,514]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">68.92–70.04</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29722AF015FDFD" box="[159,1314,533,555]" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29722AF5CFFDFD" box="[159,248,533,555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MTH</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E722AF4C8FDFD" box="[424,511,533,555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">12.32</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10722AF7C9FDFD" box="[678,766,533,555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.47</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13722AF113FDFD" box="[933,1060,533,555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">12.12–12.13</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15722AF015FDFD" box="[1187,1314,533,555]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">11.08±0.64</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297201F015FD82" box="[159,1314,574,596]" gridrow="9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157201F015FD82" box="[1187,1314,574,596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.51–11.78</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297257F015FDA8" box="[159,1314,616,638]" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297257F5CFFDA8" box="[159,248,616,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TMW</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7257F4C8FDA8" box="[424,511,616,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107257F7C9FDA8" box="[678,766,616,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.14</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137257F113FDA8" box="[933,1060,616,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.22–4.68</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157257F015FDA8" box="[1187,1314,616,638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.6±0.12</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2972AEF015FD71" box="[159,1314,657,679]" gridrow="11" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1572AEF015FD71" box="[1187,1314,657,679]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.49–4.73</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297285F015FD06" box="[159,1314,698,720]" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297285F5CFFD06" box="[159,248,698,720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TMH</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7285F4C8FD06" box="[424,511,698,720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107285F7C9FD06" box="[678,766,698,720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.29</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137285F113FD06" box="[933,1060,698,720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.91–5.18</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157285F015FD06" box="[1187,1314,698,720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.55±0.54</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2972DBF015FD2C" box="[159,1314,740,762]" gridrow="13" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1572DBF015FD2C" box="[1187,1314,740,762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.95–5.99</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297332F015FCF5" box="[159,1314,781,803]" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297332F5CFFCF5" box="[159,248,781,803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">SND</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7332F4C8FCF5" box="[424,511,781,803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107332F7C9FCF5" box="[678,766,781,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137332F113FCF5" box="[933,1060,781,803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.6–1.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157332F015FCF5" box="[1187,1314,781,803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.3±0.52</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297309F015FC9A" box="[159,1314,822,844]" gridrow="15" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157309F015FC9A" box="[1187,1314,822,844]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1–1.9</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29735FF015FCA0" box="[159,1314,864,886]" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29735FF5CFFCA0" box="[159,248,864,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">IND</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E735FF4C8FCA0" box="[424,511,864,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10735FF7C9FCA0" box="[678,766,864,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.73</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13735FF113FCA0" box="[933,1060,864,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2–2.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15735FF015FCA0" box="[1187,1314,864,886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.09±0.08</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2973B6F015FC49" box="[159,1314,905,927]" gridrow="17" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1573B6F015FC49" box="[1187,1314,905,927]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2–2.13</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29738DF015FC1E" box="[159,1314,946,968]" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29738DF5CFFC1E" box="[159,248,946,968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">END</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E738DF4C8FC1E" box="[424,511,946,968]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10738DF7C9FC1E" box="[678,766,946,968]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.07</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13738DF113FC1E" box="[933,1060,946,968]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.13–2.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15738DF015FC1E" box="[1187,1314,946,968]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.2±0.07</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2973E3F015FC24" box="[159,1314,988,1010]" gridrow="19" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1573E3F015FC24" box="[1187,1314,988,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.13–2.27</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29743AF015FBCD" box="[159,1314,1029,1051]" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29743AF5CFFBCD" box="[159,248,1029,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">EL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E743AF4C8FBCD" box="[424,511,1029,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10743AF7C9FBCD" box="[678,766,1029,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.67</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13743AF113FBCD" box="[933,1060,1029,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.67–2.1</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15743AF015FBCD" box="[1187,1314,1029,1051]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.01±0.22</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297411F015FB92" box="[159,1314,1070,1092]" gridrow="21" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157411F015FB92" box="[1187,1314,1070,1092]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.87–2.27</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297467F015FBB8" box="[159,1314,1112,1134]" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297467F5CFFBB8" box="[159,248,1112,1134]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">EW</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7467F4C8FBB8" box="[424,511,1112,1134]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107467F7C9FBB8" box="[678,766,1112,1134]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.53</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137467F113FBB8" box="[933,1060,1112,1134]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.73–1.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157467F015FBB8" box="[1187,1314,1112,1134]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.77±0.12</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2974BEF015FB41" box="[159,1314,1153,1175]" gridrow="23" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1574BEF015FB41" box="[1187,1314,1153,1175]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.67–1.9</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297495F015FB16" box="[159,1314,1194,1216]" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297495F5CFFB16" box="[159,248,1194,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">IOD</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7495F4C8FB16" box="[424,511,1194,1216]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">7.1</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107495F7C9FB16" box="[678,766,1194,1216]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137495F113FB16" box="[933,1060,1194,1216]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.3–6.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157495F015FB16" box="[1187,1314,1194,1216]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.47±0.31</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2974EBF015FB3C" box="[159,1314,1236,1258]" gridrow="25" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1574EBF015FB3C" box="[1187,1314,1236,1258]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.2–6.8</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2974C2F015FAC5" box="[159,1314,1277,1299]" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2974C2F5CFFAC5" box="[159,248,1277,1299]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">VP</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E74C2F4C8FAC5" box="[424,511,1277,1299]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">52</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1074C2F7C9FAC5" box="[678,766,1277,1299]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">50</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1374C2F113FAC5" box="[933,1060,1277,1299]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">50–54</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1574C2F015FAC5" box="[1187,1314,1277,1299]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">43±2.65</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297519F015FAEA" box="[159,1314,1318,1340]" gridrow="27" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157519F015FAEA" box="[1187,1314,1318,1340]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">40–45</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29756FF015FAB0" box="[159,1314,1360,1382]" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29756FF5CFFAB0" box="[159,248,1360,1382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">DP right</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E756FF4C8FAB0" box="[424,511,1360,1382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">17</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10756FF7C9FAB0" box="[678,766,1360,1382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">22</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13756FF113FAB0" box="[933,1060,1360,1382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">20–20</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15756FF015FAB0" box="[1187,1314,1360,1382]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">18.67±3.21</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297546F015FA59" box="[159,1314,1401,1423]" gridrow="29" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157546F015FA59" box="[1187,1314,1401,1423]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">15–21</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2975F3F015FA34" box="[159,1314,1484,1506]" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2975F3F5CFFA34" box="[159,248,1484,1506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">DP left</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E75F3F4C8FA34" box="[424,511,1484,1506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">16</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1075F3F7C9FA34" box="[678,766,1484,1506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">23</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1375F3F113FA34" box="[933,1060,1484,1506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">20–21</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1575F3F015FA34" box="[1187,1314,1484,1506]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">17.67±0.58</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2975CAF015F9DD" box="[159,1314,1525,1547]" gridrow="31" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1575CAF015F9DD" box="[1187,1314,1525,1547]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">17–18</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297621F015F9E2" box="[159,1314,1566,1588]" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297621F5CFF9E2" box="[159,248,1566,1588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">WOD</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7621F4C8F9E2" box="[424,511,1566,1588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.87</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107621F7C9F9E2" box="[678,766,1566,1588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137621F113F9E2" box="[933,1060,1566,1588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5–5.1</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157621F015F9E2" box="[1187,1314,1566,1588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.9±0.1</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297677F015F988" box="[159,1314,1608,1630]" gridrow="33" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157677F015F988" box="[1187,1314,1608,1630]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.8–5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29764EF015F951" box="[159,1314,1649,1671]" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29764EF5CFF951" box="[159,248,1649,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">WUJ</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E764EF4C8F951" box="[424,511,1649,1671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.67</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10764EF7C9F951" box="[678,766,1649,1671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13764EF113F951" box="[933,1060,1649,1671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15764EF015F951" box="[1187,1314,1649,1671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2976A5F015F966" box="[159,1314,1690,1712]" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2976A5F5CFF966" box="[159,248,1690,1712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">UJP (%)</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E76A5F4C8F966" box="[424,511,1690,1712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">62.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1076A5F7C9F966" box="[678,766,1690,1712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">56.25</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1376A5F113F966" box="[933,1060,1690,1712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">74</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1576A5F015F966" box="[1187,1314,1690,1712]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2976FBF015F90C" box="[159,1314,1732,1754]" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2976FBF5CFF90C" box="[159,248,1732,1754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">SL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E76FBF4C8F90C" box="[424,511,1732,1754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.73</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1076FBF7C9F90C" box="[678,766,1732,1754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1376FBF113F90C" box="[933,1060,1732,1754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.3–2.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1576FBF015F90C" box="[1187,1314,1732,1754]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2976D2F015F8D5" box="[159,1314,1773,1795]" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2976D2F5CFF8D5" box="[159,248,1773,1795]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">SW</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E76D2F4C8F8D5" box="[424,511,1773,1795]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1076D2F7C9F8D5" box="[678,766,1773,1795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1376D2F113F8D5" box="[933,1060,1773,1795]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.6–1.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1576D2F015F8D5" box="[1187,1314,1773,1795]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297729F015F8FA" box="[159,1314,1814,1836]" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297729F5CFF8FA" box="[159,248,1814,1836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">VTL</th>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7729F4C8F8FA" box="[424,511,1814,1836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.93</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107729F7C9F8FA" box="[678,766,1814,1836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137729F113F8FA" box="[933,1060,1814,1836]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3</td>
|
||||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157729F015F8FA" box="[1187,1314,1814,1836]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6CD62EFF717752F49EF826" blockId="82.[151,1436,1900,2032]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6CD62EFF717752F400F852" box="[199,311,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||||
Variation of 28 meristic characters of tadpoles in Stages 36–42 (CJ 1949) are shown in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B6CD62EFA847753F0AFF852" box="[1330,1432,1900,1925]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="81.[151,239,1444,1467]" captionText="TABLE 10. Variation of 26 meristic characters of tadpoles in Stages 36–42 of Gastrotheca pseustes (CJ 1949). Values are given in mm, mean±standard deviations (first row) and ranges (second row), number of specimens in parentheses. See Materials and methods for character abreviations." pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||||
. Total length varies between 55.0 (Stage 40) and 58.2 (Stage 36) and tail length proportion varies from 60% to 70% until Stage 42. Number of marginal papillae varies among specimens and Gosner stages; number of lower lip papillae is high (43–52).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6DD62FFF7170A7F103FE23" blockId="83.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
We documented changes in coloration during ontogenetic development of one, mostly pale brown individual (CJ 1953) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6DD62FFEA07083F440FF03" box="[278,375,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6DD62FFE357083F494FF03" box="[387,419,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[151,1436,553,1616]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 35. Ontogenetic changes in live Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1953) from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador. Stages of Gosner: (A) Stage 41, (B) Stage 45, and (C) Stage 46. Scale = 5 mm. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628054/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">35</figureCitation>
|
||||
). At Stage 41, the dorsum and flanks are yellowish-brown with a poorly defined pattern of brown-gray, elongated paravertebral marks and few blotches on dorsum of hind limbs. A diffuse brown-gray stripe borders the canthal and dorsolateral body, and is bordered above by a creamy-brown stripe. The iris has a reddishgold suffusion. By Stage 45, markings on the dorsum and flanks are better defined with brown markings darkest peripherally; scattered green ill-defined flecks are present on dorsum of head, limbs, and canthus rostralis; tip of fingers are yellowish-cream. At Stage 46, paravertebral green-brown markings on dorsum of body and green flecks on limbs are contrasting to surrounding light brown areas; flanks have a dark brown stripe. Color variation in 6 metamorphs (CJ 1949,
|
||||
<date id="23723E9D0B6DD62FFE2D7188F737FE06" box="[411,512,439,464]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1953" valueMax="1956">1953–56</date>
|
||||
, QCAZ 45126) in Stage 46 is depicted in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6DD62FFC677188F177FE06" box="[977,1088,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,481,1680]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 34. Metamorph (Stage 46 of Gosner) variation in live Gastrotheca pseustes 1 from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador: (A) CJ 1954, (B) QCAZ 45126, (C) CJ 1955, (D) CJ 1953, (E) CJ 1956, and (E) from Chilla–Saraguro (CJ 1956). Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628052/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||||
. They vary from dark brown to green with either well-defined paravertebral marks to a uniformly colored dorsum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="03B348D50B6DD62FFF21765AF168F94C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628054/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[151,250,1637,1659]" targetBox="[151,1436,553,1616]" targetPageId="83">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6DD62FFF21765AF168F94C" blockId="83.[151,1437,1637,1690]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFF21765AF42BF9AD" bold="true" box="[151,284,1637,1659]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 35</emphasis>
|
||||
. Ontogenetic changes in live
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFDEF765AF604F9AA" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[601,819,1637,1660]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFDEF765AF604F9AA" box="[601,819,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1 (CJ 1953) from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador. Stages of Gosner: (A) Stage 41, (B) Stage 45, and (C) Stage 46. Scale = 5 mm. Photos by LAC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6DD62FFF7176F8F4ABF845" blockId="83.[151,1436,1734,2012]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFF7176F8F453F908" box="[199,356,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||||
Tadpoles of
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFE4476F9F645F909" box="[498,882,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFE4476F9F7E8F909" authority="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman, 2019" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[498,735,1734,1759]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="pseustes">Gastrotheca pseustes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7E8B79340B6DD62FFD5076F7F645F909" box="[742,882,1736,1759]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6DD62FFC2B76F9F6E6F909" box="[925,977,1734,1759]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6DD62FFBB376F9F166F909" box="[1029,1105,1734,1759]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">El Oro</collectingRegion>
|
||||
provinces) occur in sympatry with those of
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFE8776D3F483F8D5" box="[305,436,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFE8776D3F4A1F8D2" box="[305,406,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">G. elicioi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
the Saraguro region and with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFCBF76D3F659F8D2" box="[777,878,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFCBF76D3F659F8D2" box="[777,878,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFCCA76D3F6D4F8D2" box="[892,995,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFCCA76D3F6D4F8D2" box="[892,995,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFC4776D3F196F8D2" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1974" box="[1009,1185,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychrophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFC4776D3F196F8D2" box="[1009,1185,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. psychrophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFB5676D3F048F8D5" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1248,1407,1772,1795]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFB5676D3F048F8D5" box="[1248,1407,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the Loja-Abra de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFED7772FF48FF8F1" box="[353,440,1808,1831]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Zamora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="83" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zamora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
region.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFDA07731F632F8F1" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[534,773,1806,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFDA07731F632F8F1" box="[534,773,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFC2B7730F135F8F1" box="[925,1026,1806,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFC2B7730F135F8F1" box="[925,1026,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by lacking a dorsal gray-pigmented fin that abruptly arises from the body; from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFD1E770BF624F89A" box="[680,787,1843,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFD1E770BF624F89A" box="[680,787,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a reticulated pattern on flanks, and from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFA32770BF420F8B9" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFA32770BF420F8B9" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a less rounded tail terminus (compare in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6DD62FFCD07769F69DF8B9" box="[870,938,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). For
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFC597768F197F8B9" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1974" box="[1007,1184,1878,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychrophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFC597768F197F8B9" box="[1007,1184,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. psychrophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, see remarks under
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFA327768F5EAF842" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFA327768F5EAF842" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpole account.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6DD628FF7177A1F6F1FDCE" blockId="83.[151,1436,1734,2012]" lastBlockId="84.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFF7177A1F456F860" bold="true" box="[199,353,1950,1975]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||||
Four individuals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFDF277A1F606F861" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[580,817,1950,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFDF277A1F606F861" box="[580,817,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were recorded from three locations in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6DD62FFB5777A1F048F861" box="[1249,1407,1950,1975]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(2 individuals from Bosque Washapamba, one from Vía Urdaneta-Tutupali, and 1 from Cerro de Arcos; see Appendix III). Because of the taxonomic problems related to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FCA870A7F6A7FF66" box="[798,912,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseuste">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FCA870A7F6A7FF66" box="[798,912,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseuste</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
s complex we decided to use for the present analysis only the recordings obtained from populations situated nearby the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B6AD628FBB27082F103FF03" box="[1028,1076,189,213]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality, south of the Jubones- Girón river valley in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6AD628FE3570E0F716FF2E" box="[387,545,223,248]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FDD770DFF7EAFF2E" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[609,733,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FDD770DFF7EAFF2E" box="[609,733,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1). Descriptive statistics of the acoustic variables are provided in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B6AD628FF02713BF43DFECB" box="[180,266,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
. The advertisement call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FD8B713AF78EFECA" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[573,697,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FD8B713AF78EFECA" box="[573,697,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a complex call, composed of one to five long pulsed notes and followed (or not) by one to six short, single-pulsed notes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6AD628FCAC7118F65DFE96" box="[794,874,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1272,1294]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1238]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,193,1251]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 23. Advertisement calls of Gastrotheca yacuri (A–G) and G. pseustes (H–N): (A) oscillogram of three consecutive calls, with the first call composed of two long notes and the next two calls composed of two long and two short notes, (B) oscillogram of a single long note, (C) spectrogram of a single long note, (D) power spectrum of a single long note, (E) oscillogram of a single short note, (F) spectrogram of a single short note, (G) power spectrum of a single short note, (H) oscillogram of two consecutive calls, with the first call composed of one long and five short notes and the next call composed of two long and five short notes, (I) oscillogram of a single long note, (J) spectrogram of a single long note, (K) power spectrum of a single long note, (L) oscillogram of a single short note, (M) spectrogram of a single short note, (N) power spectrum of a single short note. All spectrograms at Hanning window function, 512 bands resolution. See text for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628030/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
H–N). The long note had a mean duration of
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6AD628FAEB7117F595FEB2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="55" value="-0.878">0.878 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(SD = 0.188) and consisted on average of 32.72 (SD = 6.867) distinct pulses, partly fused, without silent intervals (amplitude modulation close but less than 100%). The amplitude of the long note increases gradually towards the end of the note after which it decreases a little by the end. The short notes had a mean duration of
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6AD628FB4A71ABF078FE7A" box="[1276,1359,404,428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="55" value="-0.08">0.080 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(SD = 0.046) and the inter-note interval is on average of
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6AD628FD747188F624FE19" box="[706,787,439,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="55" value="-0.795">0.795 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(SD = 0.502). The mean dominant frequency of the call is 1359.0 Hz (SD = 37.981), with a mean 90% bandwidth of 1043.2–1483.4 Hz. The fundamental frequency is usually recognizable; when visible, 6 to 7 harmonics are distinguishable.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6AD628FF71721AF079FCEE" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FF71721AF452FDEA" box="[199,357,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Comparisons:</emphasis>
|
||||
The advertisement call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FD11721BF6AEFDEA" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[679,921,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FD11721BF6AEFDEA" box="[679,921,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is most similar to that of
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FB6E721AF07EFDEA" box="[1240,1353,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FB6E721AF071FDEA" box="[1240,1350,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">G. yacuri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
but
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FA32721AF5C3FDB6" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FA32721AF5C3FDB6" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a much longer call duration, longer long notes duration, longer inter-note interval a lower dominant frequency and a lower 90% bandwidth frequency compared with the call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FC407252F169FD52" box="[1014,1118,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FC407252F169FD52" box="[1014,1118,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B6AD628FBDB7253F1F2FD53" box="[1133,1221,620,645]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Also,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FAA97252F0ABFD52" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1311,1436,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FAA97252F0ABFD52" box="[1311,1436,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
usually emits 4–6 short notes compared with the only two short notes that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FC5472AFF17DFD7E" box="[994,1098,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FC5472AFF17DFD7E" box="[994,1098,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
emits. The call of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FAA972AFF0ABFD7E" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1311,1436,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FAA972AFF0ABFD7E" box="[1311,1436,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be easily distinguished from that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FDE2728AF78DFD1B" box="[596,698,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FDE2728AF78DFD1B" box="[596,698,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FD46728AF6B6FD1B" baseAuthorityName="Jiménez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[752,897,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FD46728AF6B6FD1B" box="[752,897,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. testudinea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the amplitude modulation of the longer note, much longer call duration, lower short note rate, longer long notes duration, longer inter-note interval, larger number of pulses, higher pulse rate, a higher dominant frequency, and higher 90% bandwidth frequency. Also,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FA3272C2F5C3FCEE" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FA3272C2F5C3FCEE" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
emits a larger number of long and short notes compared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FC1A731FF124FCEE" box="[940,1043,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FC1A731FF124FCEE" box="[940,1043,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FBFF731FF1ECFCEE" baseAuthorityName="Jiménez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1097,1243,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FBFF731FF1ECFCEE" box="[1097,1243,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. testudinea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B6AD628FB5F7320F077FCEE" box="[1257,1344,799,824]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
1532
data/DF/65/A9/DF65A94B0B78D632FF2170A8F070FD7C.xml
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1532
data/DF/65/A9/DF65A94B0B78D632FF2170A8F070FD7C.xml
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71
data/DF/65/BC/DF65BC1AA0504862A6D69E3BF355431F.xml
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71
data/DF/65/BC/DF65BC1AA0504862A6D69E3BF355431F.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Gloeer, Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Schulstrasse 3, D- 25491 Hetlingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Pesic, Vladimir</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Montenegro, Cetinjski put b. b., 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2012-09-04</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>219</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>61</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-219-11</mods:identifier>
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||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">35A0EBEF815740B5BE499DBD7B273918</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE7FFDBAA3AFF8BF81AFFD7FFCDFF87</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577535</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65BC1AA0504862A6D69E3BF355431F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF65BC1AA0504862A6D69E3BF355431F" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="DF65BC1A-A050-4862-A6D6-9E3BF355431F" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Anisus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisus spirorbis" order="Basommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spirorbis">Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="29" type="records from iran">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="29">Records from Iran.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
Azarbayjan Province (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Starmuehlner, F" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I," pageId="19" pageNumber="30" refId="B57" refString="Starmuehlner, F, Edlauer, A, 1957. Ergebnisse der Oesterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949/50 (Mit Beruecksichtigung der Ausbeute der Oesterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1956): Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna des Iran. Sitzungsberichte der oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 166 (9/10): 435-494." title="Ergebnisse der Oesterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949 / 50 (Mit Beruecksichtigung der Ausbeute der Oesterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1956): Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna des Iran. Sitzungsberichte der oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 166 (9 / 10): 435 - 494." year="1957">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Starmühlner">Starmuehlner</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Edlauer 1957
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="29">Palaearctic.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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