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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.12.3027" ID-PMC="PMC3349054" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-12-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF86FF89B94CB5755A456F773913732A" ID-PubMed="22645412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576121" ModsDocID="1314-2003-12-35" checkinTime="1451252016430" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ulloa, Carmen Ulloa, Neill, David A. &amp; Dudek, Olivia A." docDate="2012" docId="DF5E28A188DF587AA665BF8DD301297B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 12: 35-46" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 12" docPubDate="2012-04-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.12.3027" docTitle="Miconia machinazana C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF86FF89B94CB5755A456F773913732A" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FF86FF89B94CB5755A456F773913732A" masterDocTitle="A new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae, Miconieae) from the Ecuador-Peru border" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668139321372" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae, Miconieae) from the Ecuador-Peru border</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ulloa, Carmen Ulloa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166 - 0299, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Neill, David A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dudek, Olivia A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Washington University, 6985 Snow Way Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130 - 4400, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-04-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>35</mods:start>
<mods:end>46</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.12.3027</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.12.3027</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-12-35</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF86FF89B94CB5755A456F773913732A</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576121</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229392" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5E28A188DF587AA665BF8DD301297B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF5E28A188DF587AA665BF8DD301297B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName LSID="DF5E28A1-88DF-587A-A665-BF8DD301297B" authority="C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityName="C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Miconia machinazana" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="machinazana" status="sp. nov.">Miconia machinazana C.Ulloa &amp; D.A.Neill</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="36">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Miconia machinazana C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill, A fertile branch B partial inflorescence and flower bract C young fruit crowned by calyx lobes and style D stamens, ventral (left) and lateral views E young stamens folded inside a partial flower bud F petal, ventral view. Line drawing by A. L. Arbelaez; voucher Neill &amp; Kajekai 16909." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10069" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Miconia machinazana, fruiting branch, Neill 16167 (photograph D. A. Neill)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10072" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">-4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="note">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
Haec species ad
<taxonomicName genus="Miconiam" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Miconiam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sect.
<taxonomicName authorityName="D.Don" authorityYear="1823" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Cremanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Cremanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D.Don) Hook.f. pertinens, a congeneris sect.
<taxonomicName genus="Chaenopleurae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Chaenopleurae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DC.) Hook.f. floribus pentameris differt; intra sect.
<taxonomicName authorityName="D.Don" authorityYear="1823" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Cremanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Cremanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigente">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Miconia rigente</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Naudin foliis minoribus (usque ad 35.1 mm vs. 60 mm longis) petalis luteolis (vs. albis et roseis) atque foliis 1- (vs. 3-)nerviis, a
<taxonomicName authorityName="Naud" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ledifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Miconia ledifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DC.) Naudin foliis latioribus (usque ad 10.5 mm vs. 4 mm latis) atque
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="37" start="start">fructu</pageBreakToken>
majore (2.4-3.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.8-3.8 mm in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Naud" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ledifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Miconia ledifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) seminibus pluribus (usque ad 9 in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Naud" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ledifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Miconia ledifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) differt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Ecuador</emphasis>
. Zamora-Chinchipe: Paquisha, Cordillera del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
. The Machinaza plateau. About 500 m W of the Ecuador-Peru international border, near end of
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="38" start="start">trail</pageBreakToken>
from Paquisha Alto military post.
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-3.9016669">03°54'06&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-78.4825">78°28'57&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2315 m, 23 June 2009 (fl, fr), D.A.Neill &amp; C.Kajekai 16909 (holotype MO!; isotypes AAU!, CAS!, LOJA!, M!, NY!, QCNE!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Small, profusely branched shrub 0.5-1.2 m tall; internodes 1.5-7.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2-2.4 mm. A thick indument of pinoid trichomes densely covering and totally concealing the surface of branches, petioles, both surfaces of young leaves, bracts, pedicels, hypanthium, calyx lobes outside surface, and fruits, the indument reddish-brown (cinnamon) colored on young parts and becoming darker, maroon-brown, and caducous on older organs, leaving the base of older branches and the adaxial surface of leaves with scattered trichomes. Leaves decussate, the petiole erect and nearly parallel to the stem, and the blade ascending at an angle of 90-120
<normalizedToken originalValue="º">°</normalizedToken>
with the petiole, 11.8-35.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.2-10.5 mm, narrowly elliptic to na
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="39" start="start">rrowly</pageBreakToken>
lanceolate, coriaceous, with 15-22 pairs of faintly visible nerves adaxially, the base acute, the margins revolute and remotely crenate, the minute teeth dark, the adaxial surface dark green with scattered pinoid whitish trichomes on the surface and covering the midrib, the abaxial surface concealed by the indument, the apex bluntly acute and mucronate; petiole 1.6-4.5 mm. Inflorescences 10-20 mm, panicles, terminal at the tip of the branches or on short lateral branches, 1-3 flowers open at a time; bracts 3-9 mm, spatulate, persistent. Hypanthium 1.0-2.4 mm, campanulate, maroon red, glabrous inside. Flowers 5-merous; calyx lobes ca. 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2 mm, maroon red and glabrous adaxially, the external teeth thick, ca. 0.35 mm, projecting, concealed by the indument. Corolla pale yellow, the petals 1.3-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-1.7 mm, concave, the apex oblique, the margin minutely erose, the outer surface granulose. Stamens 10, slightly dimorphic in size, the filaments 2.0-2.3 mm, geniculate above the middle, twice as wide below the folding point towards the base, cream colored, tinged with pink in older flowers, the anthers 0.9-1.2 mm, 2-celled, obovate, retuse at apex, initially uniformly cream colored and later tinged with pink, opening by two broad, apical, ventrally inclined pores, the connective at the base ventrally with a blunt, bilobed appendage and dorsally with a blunt,
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="start">minutely</pageBreakToken>
notched tooth, slightly longer than the ventral lobes; ovary 3-celled, 3/4 inferior, ridged, with a ring of pinoid trichomes at the apex, the style ca. 3.5 mm, straight, pale yellow, glabrous, the stigma clavate but not conspicuously so, pale yellow. Infructescences with up to 22 mature fruits. Berries 5-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.5-7.5 mm, nearly globose, fleshy, the surface concealed by the indument, maroon red apically, ridged and with a few trichomes at the base of the attachment of the style; seeds 15-25, globose, ca. 0.99
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.93 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10069" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="machinazana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Miconia machinazana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C. Ulloa &amp; D.A. Neill,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
fertile branch
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
partial inflorescence and flower bract
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
young fruit crowned by calyx lobes and style
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
stamens, ventral (left) and lateral views
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">E</emphasis>
young stamens folded inside a partial flower bud
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">F</emphasis>
petal, ventral view. Line drawing by A.L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Arbeláez">Arbelaez</normalizedToken>
; voucher Neill &amp; Kajekai 16909.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10070" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrograph of a seed of
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="machinazana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Miconia machinazana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(photograph O.A. Dudek).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10071" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="machinazana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Miconia machinazana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, flowering branch,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Neill 16909</emphasis>
(photograph D.A. Neill).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10072" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="machinazana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Miconia machinazana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, fruiting branch,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Neill 16167</emphasis>
(photograph D.A. Neill).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="machinazana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Miconia machinazana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been found on the Machinaza plateau, one of the highest-elevation
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hollín">Hollin</normalizedToken>
Sandstone plateaus in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
region between 2315 and 2420 m (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vegetation at the summit of the Machinaza plateau, Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, 2450 m (photograph D. A. Neill)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10073" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The area is precisely on the Ecuador-Peru international border, near the end of the trail from the Paquisha Alto military post. Since the population actually straddles the border it is recorded as occurring in the province of Zamora-Chinchipe in Ecuador and in the department of Amazonas, Peru.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10073" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Vegetation at the summit of the Machinaza plateau, Cordillera del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
, Ecuador, 2450 m (photograph D.A. Neill).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
The specimens collected in June have just a few open flowers and several fruits, while the specimens collected in March have abundant fruits. The
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
is an eastern outlier of the main Andes chain and has revealed a fascinating and unexpected biogeographical connection between the sub-Andean cordilleras and the Guayana Shield in northeastern South America (
<bibRefCitation author="Ulloa Ulloa, C" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="281 - 285" refId="B11" refString="Ulloa Ulloa, C, Neill, DA, 2006. Phainantha shuariorum (Melastomataceae), una especie nueva de la Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, disyunta de un genero guayanes. Novon 16: 281 - 285" title="Phainantha shuariorum (Melastomataceae), una especie nueva de la Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, disyunta de un genero guayanes." volume="16" year="2006">Ulloa Ulloa and Neill 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The soils are very nutrient-poor, and consist of a bare sandstone substrate or coarse- to
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="start">medium-grained</pageBreakToken>
quartzite sand derived there from. The vegetation is mostly dwarf scrub, dominated by shrubs to about 0.5 m tall, with occasional small trees to four meters tall (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vegetation at the summit of the Machinaza plateau, Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, 2450 m (photograph D. A. Neill)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10073" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The vegetation seems to be recovering slowly from an extensive fire that occurred between 1990 and 1995, with charred woody stems in abundance on the ground.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
The species name
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">machinazana</emphasis>
commemorates the name of the Machinaza plateau and river in the Cordillera del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
area where this species was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Ulloa &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="machinazana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Miconia machinazana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a restricted distribution, only known from scattered populations within a single mountain range. The Area of Occupancy (AOO) of the species is 3 km2 and it falls completely outside any protected area under
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ecuador’s">Ecuador's</normalizedToken>
System of Protected Areas. In terms of our current knowledge, the species is assigned a provisional
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, , 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" year="2001">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
conservation status of Critically Endangered (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Working, Group" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refId="B6" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Working, Group, 2010. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 8.0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommitee in March 2010. http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf." title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 8.0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommitee in March 2010. http: // intranet. iucn. org / webfiles / doc / SSC / RedList / RedListGuidelines. pdf" year="2010">IUCN SPWG 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
Ecuador. Zamora-Chinchipe:Centinela del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
, Cordillera del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
, Machinaza plateau summit area, adjacent to obelisk-shaped border marker, at end of trail from upper Paquisha military post, precisely at Ecuador-Peru border.
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-3.897222">03°53'50&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-78.48028">78°28'49&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2420 m, 15 Mar 2008 (fr), D.A.Neill &amp; W.Quizhpe 16167 (COL, HA, K, LOJA, MO, QCA, QCNE, USM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="1D5AD03F39AF449A7B5C87C61ABF51AA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.291815" ID-ISBN="3-7643-0843-5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="291815" checkinTime="1646762399552" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Hess, Hans Ernst, Landolt, Elias &amp; Hirzel, Rosmarie" docDate="1972" docId="DF5E730E3054CDFF6BF71EEA3773DCCE" docLanguage="de" docName="36E6AC1FB8BC1FC524F55871EAF4A080" docOrigin="Birkhaeuser Verlag" docSource="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291815" docTitle="Epipactis Zinn" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="611" masterDocId="36E6AC1FB8BC1FC524F55871EAF4A080" masterDocTitle="Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 1. Pteridophyta bis Caryophyllaceae (2 nd edition): Registerzuband 1" pageNumber="611" updateTime="1690917483640" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="C216F980515976CB0B624A4FB726E0BE">Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 1. Pteridophyta bis Caryophyllaceae (2 nd edition): Registerzuband 1</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F97DCFDDB9D9563B5010328106776F0">Hess, Hans Ernst</mods:namePart>
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<title id="2176434A3BD3C604F18E831B8227CD59" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
<subSubSection id="2AB9F68270B29E31EAC1E146274F8040" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="827D87ED83BF2462CB2E188B3B890C1C" ID-CoL="8VXDW" ID-ENA="14457" authority="Zinn" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epipactis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken id="2AB706C34A5D51173096D5FB577928A7" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" start="start">
<normalizedToken id="3D61FABD72D4D03B25A5B7A1CBABA7A5" originalValue="Epipáctis" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Epipactis</normalizedToken>
</pageBreakToken>
Zinn
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="679D541BA970FA9700C8C2CF0C57BE58" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="F8158485E9A48A1EF48F0B60A595459D" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Sumpfwurz</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</title>
<subSubSection id="0334A1A39710A5FABF9ECE1DF8E6CE3E" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" type="description">
<paragraph id="DDE8F13A7722C148FFFFD5FD5D75C8F6" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
Rhizom lang, horizontal, verzweigt, fleischig, mit zahlreichen, am Grunde verdickten Wurzeln. Stengel aufrecht, bis 80 cm hoch, meist in der ganzen
<normalizedToken id="6861CCFC7BDF4C768FCF9A7BE1328F16" originalValue="Länge" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Laenge</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A560AE642586857748944B8AD219E93F" originalValue="beblättert" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">beblaettert</normalizedToken>
, besonders im obern Teil oft deutlich flaumig behaart.
<normalizedToken id="461A1D4E7DFE473729CF4DE1083F49A9" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
oval bis lanzettlich, obere den
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<normalizedToken id="2B4A36A47C0AC327CCDD03C8893253C2" originalValue="ähnlich" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">aehnlich</normalizedToken>
. Untere
<normalizedToken id="AAAB63100FD388D891F51C55921EA6DD" originalValue="Tragblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Tragblaetter</normalizedToken>
die
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meist
<normalizedToken id="6A5A563827AF861249575DDF179192F8" originalValue="überragend" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">ueberragend</normalizedToken>
, obere die Fruchtknoten nicht
<normalizedToken id="8F29B3E56CDADAEA0A35A7AD73DC3554" originalValue="überragend" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">ueberragend</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="C44317A6F9E52048CB31C7FD94D2D0C9" originalValue="Blütenstand" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Bluetenstand</normalizedToken>
eine meist einseitswendige, oft
<normalizedToken id="DAFB3816126187B5002C342560B439BF" originalValue="lockerblütige" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">lockerbluetige</normalizedToken>
Traube,
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mit
<normalizedToken id="A887CF4BC1645654178FF6C9A6D74A56" originalValue="hängenden" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">haengenden</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E860D17D96F7BFDA7117C06CA61B5F65" originalValue="Blüten" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Blueten</normalizedToken>
.
</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="1FF39420A02EF8F079DAF8C293AFD891" originalValue="Blüten" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Blueten</normalizedToken>
:
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3
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oval bis lanzettlich, abstehend oder zusammenneigend,
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, braun bis
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, innere 2
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den
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<normalizedToken id="29105E31B953AD984BF22948FE59B6D3" originalValue="ähnlich" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">aehnlich</normalizedToken>
;
<emphasis id="6ECDA84FD98F821B159A536C62F0C70D" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
Lippe nicht geteilt, durch einen tiefen Einschnitt oder durch eine
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<normalizedToken id="FCA0FDA1490FF9A977E00112FA317484" originalValue="Einschnürung" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Einschnuerung</normalizedToken>
deutlich in einen vordern und einen hintern Teil gegliedert; Vorderteil am Grunde mit glatten Schwielen oder runzelig-kraus, selten flach; Hinterteil
<normalizedToken id="36DDE88E054C7C29A2F4E8CB46347CC6" originalValue="schüsselförmig" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">schuesselfoermig</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
(Lippe nur bei dieser Gattung so!);
<emphasis id="87AF8F1102FFE12CF32DD65939C07AD6" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">kein Sporn.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="786DE911D15C1A1F90DD2387164172CD" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
Die Gattung
<taxonomicName id="B0E0C4DFC13B094BCAD67C178C76EC19" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epipactis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9873276D069757892AD013C8EEA77FCD" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Epipactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="410E5A734AB6D32E7B9893738FEE4BFC" originalValue="umfaßt" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">umfasst</normalizedToken>
etwa
<emphasis id="21B0845F5A3B5BE83FD53535358E98F4" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">20 Arten</emphasis>
, davon sind
<emphasis id="02458036079363836777C600804D0573" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">13 in Ostasien</emphasis>
verbreitet, in
<emphasis id="7D528DC32F8457B7090108F71D4B5F15" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
<taxonomicName id="A7735CC40ACBDD87835947735EDAE4A9" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Europa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Europa</taxonomicName>
6 Arten, 1 Art in Mexiko.
</emphasis>
Die Gattung
<taxonomicName id="BFC0E7DE9D09A2D2B3CAAEA2973F101C" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epipactis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47948E921E77AF10DB537A03306C2E33" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Epipactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ist mit keiner andern Gattung nahe verwandt, steht wohl der Gattung
<taxonomicName id="835CDF8CB3218868658DD04C0513FA43" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="314C8EE79F99369C02A7A66AF0AB2C8D" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Cephalanthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
am
<normalizedToken id="36392656706229696D4CF2B8E53E6A0D" originalValue="nächsten" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">naechsten</normalizedToken>
. Die Gattung sollte zytogenetisch eingehend untersucht werden, da von Hagerup (1945 da von Hagerup (1947)
<emphasis id="1BF21746368B4C67C479F88B17214CCD" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Apomixis und andere Besonderheiten in der Fortpflanzung</emphasis>
festgestellt worden sind (siehe unter
<taxonomicName id="7FC4F96711351E7E98947AB8F7E54C06" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epipactis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
<emphasis id="FB1BEA36B8FA7780AA3931BECB2723AF" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">E. latifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Aus dem Norden von
<taxonomicName id="A3603469A778C27FE0A8F8A19910FB43" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Europa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Europa</taxonomicName>
sind 5
<emphasis id="F989A06EC270D7E62CBDC1BA23A3F3D1" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">selbstbefruchtende Sippen</emphasis>
bekannt geworden (davon 3 im Gebiet),
<emphasis id="04F81142273A4E75E4D48AEF4D30F5AB" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
die alle mit
<taxonomicName id="609D5B67D0810EA6A513372B0F928E40" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epipactis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">E. latifolia</taxonomicName>
verwandt sind
</emphasis>
und gelegentlich als
<normalizedToken id="348595B6558B3018E6F46907BCF86EFF" originalValue="Varietäten" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Varietaeten</normalizedToken>
dieser Art, oft auch als
<normalizedToken id="71347E50EF7CAD03520338E9C474A643" originalValue="selbständige" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">selbstaendige</normalizedToken>
Arten
<normalizedToken id="2587EFF3465843D83F37E7239D8DFBAC" originalValue="aufgefaßt" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">aufgefasst</normalizedToken>
werden.
<emphasis id="72F8CE6B44B7F396074C78CCCF81F16B" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
Bei allen diesen Sippen ist das
<normalizedToken id="777242F65667DB637C1084594208CC5A" originalValue="Schnäbelchen" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Schnaebelchen</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="7F2A9BC20374EA815B8B513126B6ACEA" class="Gastropoda" family="Rostellariidae" genus="Rostellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F410A3DFCE5CB9B3A35CD3CDD3503344" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Rostellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="CBDED35299501B9A69DDFE15D6B86128" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
<normalizedToken id="A8D549219BDA6DA449BC52076B416C55" originalValue="rückgebildet" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">rueckgebildet</normalizedToken>
, was zur Selbstbefruchtung
<normalizedToken id="7CA71B871F4B77A07C36A2E42A88FCA3" originalValue="führt" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">fuehrt</normalizedToken>
.
</emphasis>
Alle Sippen unterscheiden sich meist durch
<normalizedToken id="40292C9BCDB4B4047523776A902CE102" originalValue="schwächeren" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">schwaecheren</normalizedToken>
Wuchs,
<normalizedToken id="3DBE5C2B5C672F7433678DDA6A079F0D" originalValue="hellgrüne" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">hellgruene</normalizedToken>
Blattfarbe und eine niedrigere
<normalizedToken id="7FA6A191C031CA2E7F9898CDCDAB60EF" originalValue="Blütenzahl" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Bluetenzahl</normalizedToken>
von der
<normalizedToken id="2E9652B2E6D48A5101D86A178C5CADB3" originalValue="fremdbestäubenden" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">fremdbestaeubenden</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="10499F8D266ADA2B6F30673F67C60857" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
<taxonomicName id="E0EB13E930B9020F0DFE514E7B1D0A24" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epipactis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">E. latifolia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Durch die
<normalizedToken id="F596C3215DB2E95078341FEB656FCD33" originalValue="Selbstbestäubung" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Selbstbestaeubung</normalizedToken>
haben sich zudem kleine Unterschiede in der Behaarung des
<normalizedToken id="713D9C0D8D852E65D17BEE1DC357841B" originalValue="Blütenstandes" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Bluetenstandes</normalizedToken>
und in der Form, Farbe und
<normalizedToken id="58B4458EB81CF2629E80BD1D6F51EC2B" originalValue="Größe" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Groesse</normalizedToken>
gewisser
<normalizedToken id="FDC6CE427CE0483109F62007D166DFB6" originalValue="Blütenteile" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Bluetenteile</normalizedToken>
sowie in
<normalizedToken id="8C766C51AB111447AB16B96F3FF1AE4B" originalValue="Standortansprüchen" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Standortanspruechen</normalizedToken>
und in der
<normalizedToken id="00E18473C8284DC3D0AAD21014A408E6" originalValue="Blütezeit" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
entwickelt, die eine Unterscheidung von Sippen erlauben. Merkmale und Verbreitung der Sippen zusammengestellt von Young und Renz (1958); sie geben
<normalizedToken id="6F62318F0EF7FE29EAE7361DA2274072" originalValue="für" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">fuer</normalizedToken>
das Gebiet 3 Sippen an, die sie als
<normalizedToken id="53E790913F88112CEDA7F500A7E64D26" originalValue="selbständige" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">selbstaendige</normalizedToken>
Arten auffassen (weiteres unter Bemerkungen bei
<taxonomicName id="90A12669DCF202326BC895743AE99594" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epipactis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
<emphasis id="DF79D039239DB995BBC1CE4C5BD5B47C" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">E. latifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BCEDD03517B277BBACA5DA6A9B678CB5" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
Das Vorkommen von B-Chromosomen wurde an mehreren
<emphasis id="3E4AB3BC88B08091323D0C9B4011D2B8" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Epipactis-</emphasis>
Arten aus Schaffhausen untersucht: Zahl und Verhalten der B-Chromosomen in der Meiose und in den Zellen verschiedener Gewebe; Herkunft der B-Chromosomen diskutiert; kein Zusammenhang zwischen Zahl der B-Chromosomen und der
<normalizedToken id="D8680198CC5C5606F5E05E615880D3AD" originalValue="äußeren" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">aeusseren</normalizedToken>
Gestalt der Pflanze (Meili-Frei 1965).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D750D98C408CB47FE92D52F70836A9F8" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
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<td id="9AB4C7D474287DCD79C0937ECF2F8375" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" valign="top">
1. Vorderteil der Lippe durch einen auffallend tiefen Einschnitt vom Hinterteil getrennt (Verbindung nur etwa 1,5 mm breit); Lippe deutlich
<normalizedToken id="CC95C5732F235078FF5AEA6018FEF3D2" originalValue="länger" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">laenger</normalizedToken>
als die
<normalizedToken id="28A99C279F5A6744E8988F42FF864DD5" originalValue="Perigonblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Perigonblaetter</normalizedToken>
, am Rande kraus
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<taxonomicName id="009D20164DE25DAA75F47B1C9395AF62" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Calla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="4B3C60A193BCF6BE6AAA41721EC464EA" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">E. palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nr. 1)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="430143CB2C6DA03023E506235995C9D1" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
<td id="19908DF85C1DD4A1A1DC66BFEB34D688" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" valign="top">
1*. Vorderteil der Lippe durch eine
<normalizedToken id="DE592E578225B24A58370A57020BDED5" originalValue="kanalförmige" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">kanalfoermige</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="86A725E6E0ECFAE88615A928B406969F" originalValue="Einschnürung" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Einschnuerung</normalizedToken>
(
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gebogene, nicht eingeschnittene
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) vom Hinterteil getrennt; Lippe nicht
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als die
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.
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<tr id="85F23E0FC7C18B5E022FF44988D722EF" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
<td id="FB7CAEBABE7943C124D2B50BD469578D" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" valign="top">2. Vorderteil der Unterlippe oberseits am Grunde auffallend runzelig-kraus (Herbarmaterial aufkochen!); Fruchtknoten dicht flaumig behaart.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B325E730C833F7222B2C9C511DC966CD" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
<td id="569BDE245E958580213B5C4C630FF061" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" valign="top">
3.
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<normalizedToken id="DD33DBFDBF17683AC60C8BC5F81B8145" originalValue="reichblütig" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">reichbluetig</normalizedToken>
. Vorderteil der Unterlippe 1
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-2mal so breit wie lang, im
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fast rechteckig;
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purpurrot;
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,
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als die Internodien, 2zeilig angeordnet
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<taxonomicName id="F78C1DBA237781E7090A419011F90565" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Heleocharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atropurpurea">
<emphasis id="D8F1CE2BFE2E6ABC9EE7B6575783AEA0" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">E. atropurpurea</emphasis>
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(Nr. 2)
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3*.
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<normalizedToken id="554B5ED128C8840D3A8B4942308716A7" originalValue="wenigblütig" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">wenigbluetig</normalizedToken>
(4-12
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); Vorderteil der Unterlippe
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bis 3eckig;
<normalizedToken id="6C0F08FE71698C0B7C33DB40518A7217" originalValue="Blüten" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Blueten</normalizedToken>
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oder
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;
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klein, etwa
<normalizedToken id="C016784E7D990BA39987B66CDF0CD626" originalValue="½" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">1/2</normalizedToken>
so lang wie die Internodien, schraubig angeordnet
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<taxonomicName id="ADDEE07E902CE40E496701072D9363AE" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Europa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microphylla">
<emphasis id="4B645E101EC9B7BA5DDA1FCEAACCD697" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">E. microphylla</emphasis>
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(Nr. 3)
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<tr id="17C4532A2932B7F8AE19AA4CD0DE61AC" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
<td id="706D416360042183579F5D5DFE02B388" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" valign="top">
2*. Vorderteil der Unterlippe oberseits am Grunde mit
<normalizedToken id="48529614BA68794F829957BF6E5FC011" originalValue="±" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">+/-</normalizedToken>
deutlichen, glatten Schwielen.
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4. Fruchtknoten und
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der
<normalizedToken id="915EDA254F75E556189EB917B4A873D6" originalValue="äußern" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">aeussern</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="62D902DC5363D7F606BC71FE29C97F42" originalValue="Perigonblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Perigonblaetter</normalizedToken>
flaumig behaart;
<normalizedToken id="4E81E1A574F551B67D8AFE970C76182E" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="86D2F8291B2EFDFB9820B6F67FD12661" originalValue="kürzer" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">kuerzer</normalizedToken>
bis 1⅓mal so lang wie die Internodien, meist 2-3mal so lang wie breit
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<taxonomicName id="E1B8ECE59CA389F65BDD725B96192815" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Europa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurata">
<emphasis id="2F136FDFEFF3C5A485B8FCC51DFAC1E1" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">E. purpurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nr. 4)
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<tr id="08B02211FC534795C51CBAEF69F283F0" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
<td id="8F0C52F9E9CF23E448000E78B1C80E66" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" valign="top">
4*. Fruchtknoten kahl oder zerstreut flaumig behaart;
<normalizedToken id="8A98AAC13B3AE829BBBCA42CD201599A" originalValue="Außenseite" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Aussenseite</normalizedToken>
der
<normalizedToken id="B8267E2367F32E3F8AD7DEB3D682959F" originalValue="äußern" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">aeussern</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="48C0A412C309357B4735ADF22DBA83DE" originalValue="Perigonblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Perigonblaetter</normalizedToken>
stets kahl;
<normalizedToken id="089FC897C467719504E8E2A0EAB7BB05" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
meist 2-3mal so lang wie die Internodien, 1-3mal so lang wie breit
</td>
<td id="AC138271E611F2AEE925BBD32DB83DEF" align="left" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" valign="bottom">
<taxonomicName id="F4A3C363CCABC6235840A279641F8E45" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epipactis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="null" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
<emphasis id="BBB595575FB6F425FC94C51391D8EBF7" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">E. latifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nr. 5)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1A2261227A3766AEEEAE39FA3A5FE2" pageId="null" pageNumber="611">
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zur Gattung
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</title>
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

49
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">
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. Occurrence: lifeStage:
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,
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; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Trichodagmia) auricoma Meigen, 1818; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Trichodagmia; scientificNameAuthorship: Meigen, 1818; Location: continent: Europe; country:
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,
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="2002-05-06">06/05/2002</collectingDate>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">
According to
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="21 - 48" title="New faunal records, with taxonomic annotations, for the blackflies of Turkey (Diptera, Simuliidae)" volume="29" year="2007">Crosskey and Zwick (2007)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium auricoma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auricoma">Simulium auricoma</taxonomicName>
is spread through southern Europe from the Iberian to the Aegean islands, such as Lesbos and Rhodes, and occurs in mountainous areas. They reported it from Turkey for the first time and emphasized that it shows wide variation in the length, taper and spread of the filaments.
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="111 - 141" title="A first account of the black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Greek Islands" volume="8" year="2001">Crosskey and Malicky (2001)</bibRefCitation>
noted that gill filaments vary from short, stubby, and minimally tapered, to long and gradually tapered; in all forms, the lowermost filament tends to diverge downward from the others. The filaments of our pupae from the two sites are short, stubby, and minimally tapered. The cocoon and genitalia characters of pharate males conform to the description by
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="111 - 141" title="A first account of the black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Greek Islands" volume="8" year="2001">Crosskey and Malicky (2001)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">&lt;br/&gt;</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>