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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddc0b0c4-9482-4e13-8c6a-7169a9a2412d" ID-PMC="PMC7015969" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-909-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="20461C583BD85D32967073986DD9C353" ID-PubMed="32089632" ID-ZooBank="202D2B194952431DA07680D6110971CA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-909-1" checkinTime="1580983814342" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Adam, Conti-Jerpe, Inga Elizabeth, Richards, John Lawrence &amp; Baker, David Michael" docDate="2020" docId="CFC50CE8D2A05A99972CCF179D500F14" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 909: 1-24" docOrigin="ZooKeys 909" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278" docTitle="Phestilla Bergh 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="20461C583BD85D32967073986DD9C353" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="20461C583BD85D32967073986DD9C353" masterDocTitle="Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae), a corallivorous pest species in the aquarium trade" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168388623" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae), a corallivorous pest species in the aquarium trade</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Adam</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Conti-Jerpe, Inga Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Richards, John Lawrence</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Baker, David Michael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>909</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>24</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-909-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">202D2B194952431DA07680D6110971CA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">20461C583BD85D32967073986DD9C353</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162047756" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CFC50CE8D2A05A99972CCF179D500F14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFC50CE8D2A05A99972CCF179D500F14" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="CFC50CE8-D2A0-5A99-972C-CF179D500F14" authority="Bergh, 1874" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Phestilla Bergh, 1874</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">&quot;Physical form quite depressed. An edge anterior to the head, wing-like, attached to [...]; oral tentacles short, rhinophores simple. Cerata arranged on singular slanting rows, lacking cnidosacs. [...] Masticatory edge contains mandibles behind teeth (round, with irregular serration). Radula uniserial.&quot; - Bergh, 1874: 1, partially translated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="included species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Included species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla chaetopterana" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chaetopterana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla chaetopterana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ekimova, Deart &amp; Schepetov, 2017), comb. nov.,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla lugubris" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bergh, 1870),
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla melanobrachia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanobrachia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla melanobrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bergh, 1874),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1981" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla minor" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rudman, 1981),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1982" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla panamica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="panamica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla panamica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rudman, 1982),
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rudman" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla poritophages" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="poritophages">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla poritophages</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rudman, 1979),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang &amp; Conti-Jerpe &amp; Richards &amp; Baker" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla subodiosus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subodiosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla subodiosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Historically,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed in the family
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1889" family="Tergipedidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Tergipedidae</taxonomicName>
. This family contained a large &quot;unnecessary and unnatural&quot; number of genera (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb01099.x" author="Rudman, WB" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="339 - 350" refId="B63" refString="Rudman, WB, 1979. The ecology and anatomy of a new species of aeolid opisthobranch mollusc; a predator of the scleractinian coral Porites. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 65 (4): 339 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb01099.x" title="The ecology and anatomy of a new species of aeolid opisthobranch mollusc; a predator of the scleractinian coral Porites." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb01099.x" volume="65" year="1979">Rudman 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 344). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this grouping was polyphyletic and a &quot;radical solution&quot; (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" author="Cella, K" journalOrPublisher="Wiley, Iowa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Cella, K, Carmona, L, Ekimova, I, Chichvarkhin, A, Schepetov, D, Gosliner, T, 2016. A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(23): e0167800. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" title="A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11 (23): e 0167800." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" year="2016">Cella et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: title) was proposed: several families were combined into the family
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" family="Fionidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fionidae</taxonomicName>
, and several genera, including
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, into the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Costa" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Tenellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenellia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tenellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" author="Cella, K" journalOrPublisher="Wiley, Iowa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Cella, K, Carmona, L, Ekimova, I, Chichvarkhin, A, Schepetov, D, Gosliner, T, 2016. A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(23): e0167800. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" title="A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11 (23): e 0167800." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" year="2016">Cella et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). However, a study into the ontogeny of these groups elucidated that
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" author="Cella, K" journalOrPublisher="Wiley, Iowa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Cella, K, Carmona, L, Ekimova, I, Chichvarkhin, A, Schepetov, D, Gosliner, T, 2016. A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(23): e0167800. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" title="A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11 (23): e 0167800." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" year="2016">Cella et al.'s (2016)</bibRefCitation>
taxonomic decisions were underrepresenting the molecular, ecological, morphological, and ontogenetic diversity of the clades; thus, the families and genera that were combined into
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" family="Fionidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fionidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Costa" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Tenellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenellia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tenellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were reinstated (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" author="Korshunova, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 139" refId="B43" refString="Korshunova, T, Martynov, A, Bakken, T, Evertsen, J, Fletcher, K, Mudianta, IW, Saito, H, Lundin, K, Schroedl, M, Picton, B, 2017c. Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 717 (1): 1 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" title="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" volume="717" year="2017 c">Korshunova et al. 2017c</bibRefCitation>
). While there is controversy surrounding which interpretation is the taxonomic truth, we have designated
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate genus to
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Costa" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Tenellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenellia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tenellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the arguments presented by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" author="Korshunova, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 139" refId="B43" refString="Korshunova, T, Martynov, A, Bakken, T, Evertsen, J, Fletcher, K, Mudianta, IW, Saito, H, Lundin, K, Schroedl, M, Picton, B, 2017c. Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 717 (1): 1 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" title="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" volume="717" year="2017 c">Korshunova et al. (2017c)</bibRefCitation>
. However, given the results of the
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">p</emphasis>
-distance and ABGD analysis, we follow
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" author="Cella, K" journalOrPublisher="Wiley, Iowa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Cella, K, Carmona, L, Ekimova, I, Chichvarkhin, A, Schepetov, D, Gosliner, T, 2016. A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(23): e0167800. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" title="A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11 (23): e 0167800." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" year="2016">Cella et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01136.x" author="Rudman, WB" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="373 - 412" refId="B64" refString="Rudman, WB, 1981. Further studies on the anatomy and ecology of opisthobranch molluscs feeding on the scleractinian coral Porites. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 71 (4): 373 - 412, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01136.x" title="Further studies on the anatomy and ecology of opisthobranch molluscs feeding on the scleractinian coral Porites." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01136.x" volume="71" year="1981">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rudman’s">Rudman's</normalizedToken>
(1981)
</bibRefCitation>
decisions to synonymize
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sibogae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. lugubris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
At the same time that
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" author="Korshunova, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 139" refId="B43" refString="Korshunova, T, Martynov, A, Bakken, T, Evertsen, J, Fletcher, K, Mudianta, IW, Saito, H, Lundin, K, Schroedl, M, Picton, B, 2017c. Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 717 (1): 1 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" title="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" volume="717" year="2017 c">Korshunova et al. (2017c)</bibRefCitation>
published their findings,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0795-z" author="Ekimova, I" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 300" refId="B17" refString="Ekimova, I, Deart, Y, Schepetov, D, 2017. Living with a giant parchment tube worm: a description of a new nudibranch species (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) associated with the annelid Chaetopterus. Marine Biodiversity 49 (1): 289 - 300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0795-z" title="Living with a giant parchment tube worm: a description of a new nudibranch species (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) associated with the annelid Chaetopterus." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0795-z" volume="49" year="2017">Ekimova et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
published a paper describing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ekimova, Deart &amp; Schepetov" authorityYear="2017" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Tenellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenellia chaetopterana" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chaetopterana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tenellia chaetopterana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species that clusters phylogenetically and morphologically with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As both papers were released on the same date (26 September 2019),
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0795-z" author="Ekimova, I" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 300" refId="B17" refString="Ekimova, I, Deart, Y, Schepetov, D, 2017. Living with a giant parchment tube worm: a description of a new nudibranch species (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) associated with the annelid Chaetopterus. Marine Biodiversity 49 (1): 289 - 300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0795-z" title="Living with a giant parchment tube worm: a description of a new nudibranch species (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) associated with the annelid Chaetopterus." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0795-z" volume="49" year="2017">Ekimova et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
were unable to incorporate the revised designations from
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" author="Korshunova, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 139" refId="B43" refString="Korshunova, T, Martynov, A, Bakken, T, Evertsen, J, Fletcher, K, Mudianta, IW, Saito, H, Lundin, K, Schroedl, M, Picton, B, 2017c. Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 717 (1): 1 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" title="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" volume="717" year="2017 c">Korshunova et al. (2017c)</bibRefCitation>
into their description. However, there are considerable differences between
<taxonomicName lsidName="Te. chaetopterana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chaetopterana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Te. chaetopterana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Firstly, the radular cusp and lateral denticle proportions are unique in the entire family (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" author="Korshunova, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 139" refId="B43" refString="Korshunova, T, Martynov, A, Bakken, T, Evertsen, J, Fletcher, K, Mudianta, IW, Saito, H, Lundin, K, Schroedl, M, Picton, B, 2017c. Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 717 (1): 1 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" title="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" volume="717" year="2017 c">Korshunova et al. 2017c</bibRefCitation>
), but the general pattern is similar. Secondly, the species lacks penile glands or bulbs. Thirdly each ceratal row only has a single cerata (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0795-z" author="Ekimova, I" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 300" refId="B17" refString="Ekimova, I, Deart, Y, Schepetov, D, 2017. Living with a giant parchment tube worm: a description of a new nudibranch species (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) associated with the annelid Chaetopterus. Marine Biodiversity 49 (1): 289 - 300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0795-z" title="Living with a giant parchment tube worm: a description of a new nudibranch species (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) associated with the annelid Chaetopterus." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0795-z" volume="49" year="2017">Ekimova et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Finally,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Te. chaetopterana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chaetopterana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Te. chaetopterana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would represent the first
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that does not feed on scleractinian corals (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb01099.x" author="Rudman, WB" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="339 - 350" refId="B63" refString="Rudman, WB, 1979. The ecology and anatomy of a new species of aeolid opisthobranch mollusc; a predator of the scleractinian coral Porites. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 65 (4): 339 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb01099.x" title="The ecology and anatomy of a new species of aeolid opisthobranch mollusc; a predator of the scleractinian coral Porites." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb01099.x" volume="65" year="1979">Rudman 1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01136.x" author="Rudman, WB" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="373 - 412" refId="B64" refString="Rudman, WB, 1981. Further studies on the anatomy and ecology of opisthobranch molluscs feeding on the scleractinian coral Porites. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 71 (4): 373 - 412, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01136.x" title="Further studies on the anatomy and ecology of opisthobranch molluscs feeding on the scleractinian coral Porites." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01136.x" volume="71" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.1982.198.4.465" author="Rudman, WB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="465 - 471" refId="B65" refString="Rudman, WB, 1982. A new species of Phestilla; the first record of a corallivorous aeolid nudibranch from tropical America. Journal of Zoology 198 (4): 465 - 471, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.1982.198.4.465" title="A new species of Phestilla; the first record of a corallivorous aeolid nudibranch from tropical America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.1982.198.4.465" volume="198" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1066-0" author="Goodheart, JA" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination=": 221" refId="B23" refString="Goodheart, JA, Bazinet, AL, Valdes, A, Collins, AG, Cummings, MP, 2017. Prey preference follows phylogeny: evolutionary dietary patterns within the marine gastropod group Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia). BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (1): 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1066-0" title="Prey preference follows phylogeny: evolutionary dietary patterns within the marine gastropod group Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1066-0" volume="17" year="2017">Goodheart et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Further research is required to determine whether
<taxonomicName lsidName="Te. chaetopterana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chaetopterana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Te. chaetopterana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should represent a new genus or another species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on our independent phylogenetic analysis and the synapomorphies shared by
<taxonomicName lsidName="Te. chaetopterana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chaetopterana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Te. chaetopterana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we propose transferring
<taxonomicName lsidName="Te. chaetopterana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chaetopterana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Te. chaetopterana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the most parsimonious solution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

192
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Jordan
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<paragraph id="8E3C217358E23AB7CB597C0209B197F1" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">
(
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<emphasis id="2BF4EE186DE5AA22A98C5E780800B726" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">R. silvaticus</emphasis>
Thuill.,
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auct. non Andrz.)
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Fries
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<emphasis id="BEC035AFCEBEBAC8C9B14A060A4B9CEE" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">
Rhizom bis 10 cm lang, je nach Standort horizontal bis vertikal.
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bis fast zum Grunde 3-5teilig;
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Abschnitte breit, im
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rhombisch,
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⅔
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Zipfel grob
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,
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nicht spreizend und sich nicht
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.
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Untere
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von gleicher Form, obere mit schmal lanzettlichen Abschnitten. Schnabel bis
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so lang wie das
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, gerade, gebogen oder eingerollt. -
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:
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und
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Sommer, oft nochmals im Herbst.
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<emphasis id="D1DBFD911FCD9FDAC36F11E007CB60A0" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">Zytologische Angaben. 2n</emphasis>
=
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Material aus botanischen
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(Langlet 1927) und aus der Schweiz (Hess 1953).
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<emphasis id="BE3822BE3E6DC91B7286B3156798D1D7" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">Standort.</emphasis>
Kollin, montan, subalpin, seltener alpin. Frische bis nasse,
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. Besonders in
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(mehr als 5
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Verbreitung.
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Pflanze:
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Von
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bis ins westliche
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; sonst in Europa weit verschleppt in Kulturwiesen. - Im Gebiet besonders im Mittelland sehr
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; vom
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fehlen sichere Angaben.
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.
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Nach Herbarstudien von Hylander (1943) handelt es sich bei
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<emphasis id="CECBB74202F0C8B97BD9DD206549EC6D" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">R. Stevenii</emphasis>
Andrz.
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um eine nicht genau bekannte Sippe (kein Typusmaterial gesehen), die in
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vorkommt und dem dort verbreiteten
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<emphasis id="10EEE49E9ACCC0E908ED4424012000A2" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">R. strigulosus</emphasis>
Schur
</taxonomicName>
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ist (
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<emphasis id="F70BCADD0E4F7DBF113EAB1B70CE2F9F" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">R. strigulosus</emphasis>
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ist besonders durch am Grunde behaarte
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charakterisiert). Unsere
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Sippe soll
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nur etwa bis ins westliche
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<normalizedToken id="A3D8F49B16CD43F88271F153B62C9BB7" originalValue="ursprünglich" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">urspruenglich</normalizedToken>
sein und weiter im Osten selten und nur verschleppt vorkommen (vielleicht nicht beachtet!).
<normalizedToken id="2C3055B9510CBF51E5EB95307ACDD0DB" originalValue="Für" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">Fuer</normalizedToken>
unsere Sippe
<normalizedToken id="194FFD7DD7B25CDF697D50678604DEEB" originalValue="mußte" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">musste</normalizedToken>
deshalb der Name
<taxonomicName id="8882EE4E128031C3EC2126B41973488B" authority="(Friesanus, Frieseanus)" baseAuthorityName="Friesanus, Frieseanus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="null" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesianus">
<emphasis id="F1357EE642F41FBCF60E4BA355C0B014" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">R. Friesianus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="09230AC58DBEEF618145943933333336" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">Friesanus, Frieseanus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
Jordan
<normalizedToken id="EA71B7BCEA99FC965610CD9C3CDDB97B" originalValue="übernommen" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">uebernommen</normalizedToken>
werden. Die Verbreitung von
<taxonomicName id="317765F821460E8E21B5C241A6C7EFF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="null" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesianus">
<emphasis id="13206A1A57A928AE2CD9A55648A7E4A6" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="99">R. Friesianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ist weiter zu untersuchen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

245
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e62814" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1f0f9876-276d-4641-b607-dc76bb7f15d3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191979952" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-71-517" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EB647266F34357809C5EB02D7BBD12E5" ID-ZooBank="D5FDD6A77D8E471FB1D2425C56DF597B" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:29930F6A-A87B-4C35-9ADA-9172A1739BFA" ModsDocID="2625-8498-71-517" checkinTime="1641857311922" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kumkar, Pradeep, Pise, Manoj, Gorule, Pankaj A., Verma, Chandani R. &amp; Kalous, Lukas" docDate="2021" docId="CFC5FED35D6259C49A1997E48114A6AB" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 71: 517-533" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 71" docPubDate="2021-08-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e62814" docTitle="Indoreonectes rajeevi Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="29930F6A-A87B-4C35-9ADA-9172A1739BFA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="EB647266F34357809C5EB02D7BBD12E5" lastPageNumber="517" masterDocId="EB647266F34357809C5EB02D7BBD12E5" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the hillstream loach genus Indoreonectes from the northern Western Ghats of India (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="533" masterPageNumber="517" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" updateTime="1641863323700" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species of the hillstream loach genus Indoreonectes from the northern Western Ghats of India (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kumkar, Pradeep</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5443-1899</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kumkarpradeep@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pise, Manoj</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gorule, Pankaj A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Verma, Chandani R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kalous, Lukas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-1505</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-08-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>71</mods:number>
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<mods:start>517</mods:start>
<mods:end>533</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e62814</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e62814</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2625-8498-71-517</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EB647266F34357809C5EB02D7BBD12E5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191979952" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:29930F6A-A87B-4C35-9ADA-9172A1739BFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFC5FED35D6259C49A1997E48114A6AB" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="517" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/29930F6A-A87B-4C35-9ADA-9172A1739BFA" authority="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous, 2021" authorityName="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Indoreonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoreonectes rajeevi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajeevi" status="sp. nov.">Indoreonectes rajeevi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="517">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="517" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Mouth of Indoreonectes species, in ventral view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1070, 33.5 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi holotype (BNHS FWF 1071, 38.5 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081, 45.8 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017. 11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 2 mm. Red arrows in C points to conspicuous black markings on lower lip in I. rajeevi." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578100" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Cleared and stained specimens of Indoreonectes showing vertebral column and insertion of dorsal fin, in lateral view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1068, 43.8 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi (BNHS FWF 1074, 36.2 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi (BNHS FWF 1090, 35.1 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017.11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 5 mm. Note that vertebral column of I. neeleshi is malformed in caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578101" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Cleared and stained fifth ceratobranchials showing dentition pattern, in dorsal view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1068, 43.8 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi (BNHS FWF 1074, 36.2 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi (BNHS FWF 1090, 35.1 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017. 11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578102" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Indoreonectes rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081, 45.76 mm SL) (A) in life, in lateral view; preserved in lateral (B) dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Sides reversed in A and B." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578104" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
, 8 Common name:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rajeev’s">Rajeev's</normalizedToken>
hill stream loach
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="517" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
BNHS FWF 1081, 45.76 mm SL, India: Maharashtra, Hiranyakeshi River, Krishna river system, Amboli (
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="58.02" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="15.967">15°58.02'N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="east" minutes="0.66" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="74.011">74°0.66'E</geoCoordinate>
, ca 692 m a.s.l.), coll. P. Gorule and A. Gorule 23 Oct. 2017.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="517" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">BNHS FWF 1082-1092, 11 ex., 26.4-36.3 mm SL, same data as holotype. Paratypes BNHS FWF 1090 (35.1 mm SL), 1091 (33.0 mm SL) and 1092 (35.2 mm SL) used for clearing and staining.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="517" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Indoreonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoreonectes rajeevi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajeevi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Indoreonectes rajeevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all congeners by having maxillary barbel reaching the posterior border of operculum (vs. not reaching); presence of conspicuous black marking on the lower lip of mouth (vs. absence).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Indoreonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoreonectes rajeevi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajeevi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Indoreonectes rajeevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished from
<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. keralensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" rank="species" species="keralensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">I. keralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having long nasal barbel reaching middle of eye (vs. short nasal barbel barely reaching anterior margin of eye); dorsal-fin origin vertical from pelvic-fin base (vs. posterior to vertical at pelvic-fin base); dorsal-fin insertion between neural spines of 12th and 13th abdominal vertebrae (vs. between 13th and 14th); presence of a dark brown to black spot on base of first dorsal-fin ray and distinct spots on dorsal side of head (vs. absence); spots on cheek below eye absent (vs. present); total vertebrae 36 (vs. 35).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Indoreonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoreonectes rajeevi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajeevi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Indoreonectes rajeevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. evezardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" rank="species" species="evezardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">I. evezardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having inner rostral barbel reaching anterior margin of eye (vs. reaching middle of nostril); absence of dorsal hump behind nape (vs. presence); dorsal fin origin at vertical from pelvic-fin base (vs. posterior to vertical at pelvic-fin base); caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep (vs. deeper than long); caudal peduncle bar not divided into two spots (vs. divided); total vertebrae 36 (vs. 35).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Indoreonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoreonectes rajeevi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajeevi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Indoreonectes rajeevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguished from
<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. telanganaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" rank="species" species="telanganaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">I. telanganaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking spots on cheek below eye (vs. spots present); absence of dorsal hump behind nape (vs. presence); caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep (vs. as long as deep).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Indoreonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoreonectes rajeevi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajeevi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Indoreonectes rajeevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguished from
<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. neeleshi" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" rank="species" species="neeleshi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">I. neeleshi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having inner rostral barbel reaching anterior margin of eye (vs. reaching middle of nostril); absence of dorsal hump behind nape (vs. presence); dorsal-fin insertion between neural spines of 12th and 13th abdominal vertebrae (vs. between 13th and 14th); caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep (vs. as long as deep); lateral bars narrower than inter-bar spaces (vs. wider); total vertebrae 36 (vs. 35).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="517" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
General morphology is shown in Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Indoreonectes rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081, 45.76 mm SL) (A) in life, in lateral view; preserved in lateral (B) dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Sides reversed in A and B." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578104" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">8</figureCitation>
; morphometric data are provided in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of Indoreonectes evezardi topotypes (BNHS FWF 299 - 300, 1068 - 1070, BNHS FWF, WILD- 17 - PIS- 350 - 359), I. neeleshi holotype (BNHS FWF 1071), paratypes (BNHS FWF 1072 - 1080) and I. rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081) and paratypes (BNHS FWF 1082 - 1092). Mean, standard deviation (sd) and range of new species include holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B5732FB6C0DEF5BD7D03FE1D812DDF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" tableUuid="2B5732FB6C0DEF5BD7D03FE1D812DDF9">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578104" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Indoreonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoreonectes rajeevi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajeevi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Indoreonectes rajeevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (BNHS FWF 1081, 45.76 mm SL) (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">A</emphasis>
) in life, in lateral view; preserved in lateral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">B</emphasis>
) dorsal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">C</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">D</emphasis>
) views. Sides reversed in A and B.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Body sub-cylindrical, elongate; head and anterior part of body almost cylindrical; body laterally compressed posteriorly; pre-dorsal outline slightly convex, gradually rising up to dorsal-fin origin, no hump behind nape; post dorsal outline straight up to base of caudal fin; ventral profile almost straight. Caudal peduncle as deep as long or slightly longer. Lateral line present, incomplete, short, ending above middle of adpressed pectoral fin. Scales minute.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
Head small, about one fifth of SL. Snout round, its length more than one-third of head length. Eye dorsolaterally positioned, closer to tip of snout than to posterior margin of operculum, its diameter about 14-20% HL. Mouth semi-circular, with thick fleshy lips, lower lip interrupted medially by a deep groove with conspicuous black markings on the either side of the groove (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Mouth of Indoreonectes species, in ventral view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1070, 33.5 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi holotype (BNHS FWF 1071, 38.5 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081, 45.8 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017. 11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 2 mm. Red arrows in C points to conspicuous black markings on lower lip in I. rajeevi." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578100" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">4C</figureCitation>
). Barbels four pairs. Two pairs of rostral barbels, inner rostral barbel extending to anterior margin of eye, outer rostral barbel reaching posterior margin of eye; Maxillary barbel longest, originating at vertical from nostril, reaching posterior border of operculum. Nasal barbel well developed, reaching middle of eye.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Dorsal-fin origin at vertical from ventral-fin origin; slightly closer to caudal-fin base than tip of snout, its posterior margin rounded, with 3 (12) simple and 7 (12) branched rays. Pectoral fin slightly shorter than head length; with 1 (12) simple and 9 (12) branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1 (12) simple and 7 (12) branched rays. Anal fin with 3 (12) simple and 5 (12) branched rays. Caudal fin rounded, 8+9 (1) or 9+9 (11) principal rays. Dorsal procurrent rays 12(8) or 14(4) and ventral procurrent rays 6(10) or 7(2).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
Total vertebrae 36 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Cleared and stained specimens of Indoreonectes showing vertebral column and insertion of dorsal fin, in lateral view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1068, 43.8 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi (BNHS FWF 1074, 36.2 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi (BNHS FWF 1090, 35.1 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017.11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 5 mm. Note that vertebral column of I. neeleshi is malformed in caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578101" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">5C</figureCitation>
) with 17 (3) abdominal and 19 (3) caudal vertebrae. Dorsal fin insertion between 12th and 13th abdominal vertebrae. Fifth ceratobranchial (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Cleared and stained fifth ceratobranchials showing dentition pattern, in dorsal view. (A) Indoreonectes evezardi (BNHS FWF 1068, 43.8 mm SL), (B) I. neeleshi (BNHS FWF 1074, 36.2 mm SL), (C) I. rajeevi (BNHS FWF 1090, 35.1 mm SL) and (D) I. keralensis (KUFOS. 2017. 11.217, 36.1 mm SL). Scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578102" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">6C</figureCitation>
) with single row of 14 to 18 small curved teeth with pointed tips; anterior teeth longer than posterior.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="517" type="colouration">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Colouration.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
In life (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Indoreonectes rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081, 45.76 mm SL) (A) in life, in lateral view; preserved in lateral (B) dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Sides reversed in A and B." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578104" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">8A</figureCitation>
), background colour golden yellow; with umber-coloured irregular vertical bars on lateral and dorsal side of body, lateral and dorsal bars usually separated from each other or rarely continuous; lateral bars narrower than inter-bar spaces; lateral complete bars 14 (4), 15 (2), 16 (3) or 17 (3); lateral incomplete bars 5 (4), 6 (3), 7 (2), 8 (2) or 11 (1). Head dorsally studded with dark brown spots; no spots on cheeks below eye. Caudal peduncle bar continuous. Dark brown to black spot on base of first dorsal-fin ray; dorsal fin membrane hyaline with three rows of black spots on rays. Pectoral, ventral and anal fins hyaline, lacking spots; caudal fin membrane hyaline, with three to four rows of dark-brown spots on rays. Ventral surface without any markings. In preservative (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Indoreonectes rajeevi holotype (BNHS FWF 1081, 45.76 mm SL) (A) in life, in lateral view; preserved in lateral (B) dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Sides reversed in A and B." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578104" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">8B-D</figureCitation>
), colouration similar to that in life, but faded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="517" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">The species name honours Rajeev Raghavan from Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Kochi, India, for his remarkable contributions to the understanding of the Systematics and Evolution of Indian freshwater fishes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="517" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Habitat and Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="517">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Indoreonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoreonectes rajeevi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajeevi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Indoreonectes rajeevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in a slow-flowing clear stream with boulders, pebbles and mud as major substratum. Co-occurring fish species includes
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Parapsilorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapsilorhynchus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Parapsilorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Schistura" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schistura" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Schistura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bhoite, Jadhav &amp; Dahanukar" authorityYear="2012" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balitora laticauda" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Balitora laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rasbora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rasbora dandia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dandia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Rasbora dandia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sykes" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra mullya" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mullya">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Garra mullya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Currently,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kumkar &amp; Pise &amp; Gorule &amp; Verma &amp; Kalous" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Indoreonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoreonectes rajeevi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajeevi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">Indoreonectes rajeevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from its type locality in the Hiranyakeshi tributary of east flowing Krishna River at Amboli, Maharashtra, India (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Type localities of species of the genus Indoreonectes in southern Peninsular India." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e62814.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578096" pageId="0" pageNumber="517">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>