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<taxonomicName id="1E68C40776577023AFC3BF7177C06ECA" ID-CoL="42WKF" authority="Thomson, 1895" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microgaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microgaster areolaris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="areolaris">Microgaster areolaris Thomson, 1895</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4634ACACAD37D749335AB7C5517394A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7DD8B0A3144CDD8A75AC04AD93038A2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">England, Scotland</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.443.8324" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d2dee0c-f53b-4701-9e7c-df97624eee1c" ID-PMC="PMC4205505" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-443-119" ID-PubMed="25349498" ID-ZBK="90C90D44D7A048D9AC1207FE6ACACF87" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-443-119" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 443" ModsDocTitle="Longivena, a new robber-fly genus from Brazil (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae)" checkinTime="1451245268698" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vieira, Rodrigo &amp; Rafael, Jose Albertino" docDate="2014" docId="CFBD43FA684A42C58420F46929833E1E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 443: 119-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 443" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.443.8324" docTitle="Longivena spatulata Vieira &amp; Rafael, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="8293ED25-CC91-47BC-A821-98AC41243DCB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FFD1FFBE5579FFB0343E73069C28FFA1" masterDocTitle="Longivena, a new robber-fly genus from Brazil (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae)" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1668159446245" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Asilidae</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/8293ED25-CC91-47BC-A821-98AC41243DCB" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Longivena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Longivena spatulata" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">Longivena spatulata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="123">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 41-49
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="124" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
four setae and two ocellar macrosetae; tergites
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–VII">V-VII</normalizedToken>
brown; sternites
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
black, gray tomentose; sternite VIII triangular, developed medioapically and with yellow setae (Fig. 45); epandrium basal margin rounded, apex with two truncated projections in lateral view (Figs 42, 44); gonocoxite with a long spatulated projection (Fig. 46).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Holotype. Head. Antenna black; four setae and two ocellar macrosetae; vertex black, sparsely golden tomentose; frons black; face black, golden tomentose; mystax with black setae on dorsal 1/2 of facial swelling and yellow setae on ventral 1/2; palpus with yellow setae on basal 1/2 and black setae on apical 1/2; proboscis black with yellow setae ventrally; yellow labial setae; occiput black, golden tomentose, sparse; yellow occipital setae; seven black and four yellow, thick, postocular macrosetae on each side of the head.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Thorax (Fig. 41). Antepronotum black, golden to brown tomentose; postpronotum black, golden tomentose; mesonotum black dorsally, golden laterally, presutural and prescutellar spot golden tomentose; pleuron gray tomentose, except for anepisternum black, sparsely golden tomentose; scutellum golden tomentose. Chaetotaxy: two black notopleural macrosetae; two black supra-alar macrosetae; two black postalar macrosetae; two pairs black presutural dorsocentral macrosetae; no anatergal setae; one pair of yellow apical scutellar macrosetae; katatergal macrosetae yellow; setae on posterior meron + metanepisternum yellowish.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Wing (Fig. 43). Brown. Crossvein r-m passes slightly beyond middle of discal cell; halter with yellow stem and dark red capitulum.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
Legs (Fig. 41). Femora black; fore tibia black anteriorly, brown ventrally, and with basal 1/2 brown and apical 1/2 black posterodorsally; mid tibia with basal 2/3 brown and apical 1/3 black anteriorly, remaining brown (except apex black); hind tibia brown, black posteroapically; tarsomeres brown, except for black apical ones. Fore femur with only yellow setae ventrally; mid femur with a yellow macroseta anteromedially and two black macrosetae apically and one yellow apical seta posterodorsally; hind femur with three yellow macrosetae anteriorly, three yellow setae basally, and three black macrosetae apically, one black preapical macroseta anterodorsally and one yellow preapical macroseta posterodorsally; fore tibia with four yellow setae posteriorly; mid tibia with two black setae anteriorly and three yellow setae posteriorly; hind tibia with
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="125" start="start">three</pageBreakToken>
yellow setae anteriorly and three posteriorly; tarsomeres with black setae, except for one yellow seta on the first tarsomere of the right mid leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
Abdomen. Tergites
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
black, gray tomentose, with brown apical margin, tergites
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–VII">V-VII</normalizedToken>
brown; sternites
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
black, gray tomentose; sternites
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–VII">V-VII</normalizedToken>
gray and brown tomentose; sternite VIII triangular, medioapically developed and with yellow setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Terminalia (Figs 42, 44-49). Brown to black (Figs 41, 42). Epandrium basal margin rounded, apex with two truncated projections in lateral view (Figs 42, 44); gonostylus with apical indentation (Figs 46, 47); gonocoxite with long and spatulated projection, and medial margin with black and yellow setae (Fig. 46); ejaculatory apodeme long and wide proximally in lateral view (Fig. 48); aedeagus apex with trapezoidal projection (Figs 48, 49).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Length. Body 15.3 mm; wing 10.2 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="125" type="holotype conditions">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Holotype conditions.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Left hind leg lost; part of tergite I separated from thorax. Right detached wing mounted on microslides, terminalia placed in microvial with glycerin and pinned along with the specimen.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="126" type="female">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="126" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="126" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Etymology,</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">From Latin spatulata = spatulated, referring to the shape of the gonocoxite apex.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="126" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
Brazil:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
(Fig. 50).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
Figures 41-49.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Longivena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Longivena spatulata" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">Longivena spatulata</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Holotype male. 41 Habitus, lateral view 42 Terminalia, lateral view 43 Wing 44 Terminalia, lateral view treated in hot 10% KOH 45 Sternite VIII 46 Gonocoxite and gonostylus 47 Apex of gonostylus 48 Aedeagus 49 Apex of aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed: aedeagus; cerc: cercus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; epand: epandrium; goncx: gonocoxite; gonst: gonostylus; st VIII: sternite VIII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
Figure 50. Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Longivena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Longivena" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Longivena</taxonomicName>
gen. n. species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="126" type="type material examined">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
Holotype: BRASIL, MA[
<normalizedToken originalValue="ranhão">ranhao</normalizedToken>
], Caxias [
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-4.8747225">4°52'29&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-43.346943">43°20'49&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], Res.[erva] Ecol.[
<normalizedToken originalValue="ógica">ogica</normalizedToken>
] Inhamum,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lençol">Lencol</normalizedToken>
e Luz mista, 29-31.i.2006, F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limeira–de–Oliveira">Limeira-de-Oliveira</normalizedToken>
/ Holotype
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Longivena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Longivena spatulata" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">Longivena spatulata</taxonomicName>
(♂ INPA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="8C401B19DB13376654F22FEA320A1C5F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Canthon mutabile" order="Coleoptera" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutabile">Canthon mutabile</taxonomicName>
Lucas, 1857: 100 (original description. Type locality: Pebas, Haute-Amazone [= Upper Amazon].
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<paragraph id="E66156590CD55C3698A9FBA78EA9F542" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DAA5687527D43D5BE3F820546B361F55" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
<bibRefCitation id="08467697BCBC2C0578BE12982DEBF74B" author="Campos, F" journalOrPublisher="Revista del Colegio Nacional Vicente Rocafuerte" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" pagination="26 - 100" title="Estudios sobre la fauna entomologica del Ecuador." volume="6" year="1921">Campos (1921</bibRefCitation>
: 55) in the localities of: Naranjito, San Rafael, Bucay, Chimbo, Balzapamba, Posorja, El Morro, Chanduy and Naranjal;
<bibRefCitation id="B7E28C28FA821233749C6BD551F6BE79" author="Carvajal, V" journalOrPublisher="Quito, Ecuado" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" title="Escarabajos del Ecuador. Principales generos. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Escuela Politecnica Nacional. Serie Entomologia, Nro. 1." year="2011">Carvajal et al. (2011</bibRefCitation>
: 314-315) list of species. According to our data, there are no other records of this species in the collections listed.
</paragraph>
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141
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,
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<emphasis id="F1A5747FC189D05ED0370F3A51110258" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="125">Type Locality:</emphasis>
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subsp.
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;
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</taxonomicName>
;
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subsp.
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(
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)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="DD9FB4155575E75BEED3776B4994B729" authority="(Monard 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Monard" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="senegalensis" subSpecies="camerounensis">
<emphasis id="E24B71EF8828C9388A319EC9831A7E67" italics="true" pageNumber="125">Galago senegalensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="87AA8D110C9C0B53A02427F0CFF0E5BD" italics="true" pageNumber="125">camerounensis</emphasis>
(Monard 1951)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="30DEF8D417E0227B164D1C814B0E2E07" authority="Fischer 1806" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="senegalensis" subSpecies="geoffroyi">
<emphasis id="0C27B551364A44F5BFA9E8AE5ECA15C0" italics="true" pageNumber="125">Galago senegalensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B5508CA3A587DC2CF7FFA36922C9FD33" italics="true" pageNumber="125">geoffroyi</emphasis>
Fischer 1806
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="161DBE7B608A7C51FE05AECD0F7169AA" authority="Elliot 1910" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="senegalensis" subSpecies="pupulus">
<emphasis id="4093261507F22A05BDC6F960BD6F50D5" italics="true" pageNumber="125">Galago senegalensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="79722D0D595278BAC04703551258C7CA" italics="true" pageNumber="125">pupulus</emphasis>
Elliot 1910
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E090B9CE3D50612C415CCCC9CAEF5814" authority="Gray 1863" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="senegalensis" subSpecies="sennariensis">
<emphasis id="54EE9E7D70E22B3218144CB12EFD3A96" italics="true" pageNumber="125">Galago senegalensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="360FA94F1B96C9B86072AC9AC8404C3F" italics="true" pageNumber="125">sennariensis</emphasis>
Gray 1863
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7A2760C2C4F04DC70EC7CA72447CDE6A" authority="(Sundevall 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Sundevall" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="senegalensis" subSpecies="teng">
<emphasis id="961E799BA276294E69AE729E605753AE" italics="true" pageNumber="125">Galago senegalensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="68D7AC492B9E8BAF926D818F1076C0F6" italics="true" pageNumber="125">teng</emphasis>
(Sundevall 1843)
</taxonomicName>
.
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248
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Fig. 3
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Chamaedrilus</pageBreakToken>
glandulosus
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Friend, H" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination=": 174" title="A new British enchytraeid worm." url="10.1038/104174a0" volume="104" year="1919">Friend 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 174, partim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cognettia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cognettia glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Cognettia glandulosa</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Nielsen, CO" journalOrPublisher="Natura Jutlandica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 160" title="The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species." volume="8 - 9" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen 1959</bibRefCitation>
: 43, fig. 30, partim;
<bibRefCitation author="Schmelz, RM" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 176" title="A guide to European terrestrial and freshwater species of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta)." volume="82" year="2010">Schmelz and Collado 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 79, partim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cognettia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cognettia glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Cognettia glandulosa</taxonomicName>
A;
<bibRefCitation author="Martinsson, S" journalOrPublisher="Pedobiologia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="27 - 35" title="Cryptic diversity in the well-studied terrestrial worm Cognettiasphagnetorum (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)." url="10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.09.006" volume="57" year="2014">
Martinsson and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
ZMBN99905, CE19052, mature, anterior part, COI barcode acc. no. KP878464, leg. Christer
<normalizedToken originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
, Aug 10, 2013.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
NORWAY: Buskerud, Hol, at
<normalizedToken originalValue="Örtedalsåna">Oertedalsana</normalizedToken>
River (S of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Haugastöl">Haugastoel</normalizedToken>
), elevation 1,075 m above sea level (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="60.4866">N60.4866°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="7.8562">E7.8562°</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
ZMBN99906, CE19818, submature, anterior part, COI barcode acc. no. KP878469; NORWAY: Hedmark, Engerdal, Nymoen at Femundelva (Trysilelva) River, at Nordre Husfloen Farm (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="61.6569">N61.6569°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="11.8164">E11.8164°</geoCoordinate>
), leg. Christer
<normalizedToken originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
, Aug 15, 2013. SMNH type-8723, CE19819, submature, anterior part, COI barcode acc. no. KP878470. Same collection data as for the other paratype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="other material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">See Table 1. Twenty-seven immature specimens, of which 2 from the Czech Republic, 12 from Norway, and 13 from Sweden, all DNA-barcoded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The species is named after the variation in numbers of chaetae in the lateral preclitellar bundles.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The new species can be separated from all other European species of
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Chamaedrilus</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
s. s. by its unique combination of 3-4 pairs of well-developed secondary pharyngeal glands, two chaetae in most lateral bundles in preclitellar segments, and three chaetae in all other bundles, spermathecae with comparatively long ectal ducts, and genitalia shifted forward 3-4 segments (in relation to normal placement in
<taxonomicName family="Enchytraeidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Enchytraeidae</taxonomicName>
). No characters completely separate this species from
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
, but specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
are generally smaller, have shorter chaetae and smaller internal organs, and usually have a few preclitellar lateral bundles with three chaetae (
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
constantly has two chaetae per lateral bundle in preclitellar segments). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
is mainly found in moist to wet soils, whereas
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
is only found in aquatic habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
EXTERNAL CHARACTERS: Size: length of 20 anteriormost segments 2.33-4.38 mm, mean 2.89
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.59 (n = 13); body width in XII 0.20-0.42 mm,
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">mean</pageBreakToken>
0.28
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.07 (n = 20). Chaetae sigmoid without nodulus, 50-60
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, chaetal formula 2,3-(2),3:3-3; most specimens with 3 chaetae in lateral bundles of III(or IV)-V and 2 chaetae in the other lateral preclitellar bundles, but some specimens have 2 chaetae in all preclitellar lateral bundles; in sexually mature specimens, chaetae missing in the segment bearing male pores (VIII or IX). In the mature and submature specimens examined, clitellum only developed (but poorly) in the segment bearing the male pores and
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
a segment posterior and anterior to that segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
INTERNAL CHARACTERS: Brain slightly concave posteriorly, concave anteriorly, 125-140
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, about twice as long as broad (Fig. 3D). Pharyngeal glands, 3-4 primary pairs; 3-4 pairs of well-developed secondary glands (Fig. 3A), secondary glands behind the last pair of primary glands sometimes missing. Dorsal blood vessel arising in
<normalizedToken originalValue="XIII–XVII">XIII-XVII</normalizedToken>
, rarely in XI or XVIII. First pair of nephridia present at 8/9-11/12; nephridia with efferent duct originating antero-ventrally, close to septum; anteseptale consisting of funnel only; postseptale oval, elongate (Fig. 3E). Chloragogen cells granulated, 20-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long. Coelomocytes finely granulated, round to oval, approximately 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A Anterior part of body (immature specimen) in lateral view, indicating chaetal distribution and the size, shape and number of pharyngeal glands B Male genitalia of a mature worm with male pores in segment VIII C Spermatheca D Brain, dorsal view E Nephridium at septum 10/11, lateral view. Abbreviations: eg = ectal gland; pb = penial bulb; sa = spermathecal ampulla; sd = spermathecal duct; sf = sperm funnel; vd = vas deferens. Scale bars: 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(A); 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(B-E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Seminal vesicle unpaired, distinct in all three mature/submature specimens. Other genitalia paired. Sperm funnel about 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, 40-50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide; collar indistinct, 25-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide. Spermatozoa not observed on collar. Vas deferens long, with several loops, about 5-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide. Penial bulb poorly developed, about 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, 35-40
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long (Fig. 3B). Male pores in VIII or IX. Spermathecae paired; pores located slightly below lateral chaetae; ectal duct smooth, 225
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, approximately 15
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide; ectal gland 25-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter; ampulla about 150
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, with ectal enlargement, followed
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
a contraction and a tubular to oval ental chamber; no sperm observed in ampulla; ampulla not attached to oesophagus (Fig. 3C). Spermathecae entering into VI.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="habitat and distribution">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Found both in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In freshwater found on stony bottoms in rivers, on land found in both deciduous and coniferous forest as well as in grassland soils. Known from Canada (BOLD record), the Czech Republic, Finland (BOLD record), Norway and Sweden, but may be more widely distributed in Europe and North America.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schlaghamerský’s">Schlaghamersky's</normalizedToken>
(2013) description of
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cognettia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cognettia glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Cognettia glandulosa</taxonomicName>
from Michigan fits our description of
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
. This and
<bibRefCitation author="Schlaghamersky, J" journalOrPublisher="Applied Soil Ecology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="159 - 169" title="Earthworm invasion alters enchytraeid community composition and individual biomass in northern hardwood forests of North America." url="10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.09.005" volume="83" year="2014">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schlaghamerský’s">Schlaghamersky's</normalizedToken>
et al. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
records from Minnesota and Wisconsin are likely to refer to the same species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Parthenogenetic reproduction more limited in time (maturing specimens found in August in Norway) than fragmentation (observed in May-September in Sweden and Norway). Worms with regenerating tails and/or heads rather frequent. This species may correspond to the population studied by
<bibRefCitation author="Christensen, B" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1159 - 1160" title="Asexual reproduction in the Enchytraeidae (Olig)." url="10.1038/1841159a0" volume="184" year="1959">Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, in which the number of mature worms was high for a short period during the autumn. The variation in number of the lateral chaetae corresponds to that given in the diagnosis by
<bibRefCitation author="Nielsen, CO" journalOrPublisher="Natura Jutlandica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 160" title="The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species." volume="8 - 9" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">This species is represented in BOLD by BIN: AAT9501.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>