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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2117" ID-GBIF-Dataset="737d9e49-ca5a-4db8-8ad8-5b26fd663709" ID-PMC="PMC3286262" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-147-399" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC09D1206663066632323645E417D20" ID-PubMed="22371669" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577410" ID-ZooBank="2296366206F44A6D82D31EFD1AD3D055" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-147-399" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 147" ModsDocTitle="Badister Clairville 1806: A new species and new continental record for the nominate subgenus in Amazonian Perú (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Licinini)" checkinTime="1451249658171" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Erwin, Terry L. &amp; Ball, George E." docDate="2011" docId="D9A216E8941C1E2C4DE1EAF2254ACB9A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 147: 399-417" docOrigin="ZooKeys 147" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2117" docTitle="Badister Clairville 1806" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="FFC09D1206663066632323645E417D20" lastPageNumber="404" masterDocId="FFC09D1206663066632323645E417D20" masterDocTitle="Badister Clairville 1806: A new species and new continental record for the nominate subgenus in Amazonian Peru (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Licinini)" masterLastPageNumber="417" masterPageNumber="399" pageNumber="403" updateTime="1668152674102" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Badister Clairville 1806: A new species and new continental record for the nominate subgenus in Amazonian Peru (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Licinini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Erwin, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Hyper-diversity Group, Department of Entomology, MRC- 187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, P. O. Box 37012, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">erwint@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ball, George E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>147</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>399</mods:start>
<mods:end>417</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2117</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2117</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-147-399</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2296366206F44A6D82D31EFD1AD3D055</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC09D1206663066632323645E417D20</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577410</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032055" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D9A216E8941C1E2C4DE1EAF2254ACB9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9A216E8941C1E2C4DE1EAF2254ACB9A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="4" pageNumber="403">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="403">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName LSID="D9A216E8-941C-1E2C-4DE1-EAF2254ACB9A" authority="Clairville, 1806" authorityName="Clairville" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Badister" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Badister Clairville, 1806</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="403" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clairville" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Badister</taxonomicName>
Clairville, 1806: 90
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityYear="1810" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Amblychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amblychus</taxonomicName>
Gyllenhal, 1810: 74
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="4" pageNumber="403" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="403">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="4" pageNumber="403">
In addition to the features presented in the generic diagnosis and description above, all of the Western Hemisphere species of the typical subgenus have the right
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="404" start="start">mandible</pageBreakToken>
deeply notched (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Badister amazonus sp. n., dorsal aspect, female, ADP 051544; type locality. Head, including eyes, antennomeres 1 - 3, mouthparts, and anterior part of pronotum. Legend: a 3, antennomere 3; cl, clypeus; lb, labrum; lp 3, labial palpomere 3; mb, mandibular boss; mn, mandibular notch; mp 4, maxillary palpomere 4." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/19731" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">mn</emphasis>
), and a row of setae on each latero-ventral margin of tarsomere 5. Another useful attribute in distinguishing the subgenera is the relative length of the hind tarsi. In adults of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clairville" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Badister</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1828" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trimorphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Trimorphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the posterior tarsi are more than 3/4 the length of the hind tibiae; in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ragusa" authorityYear="1884" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Baudia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Baudia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the hind tarsi are perceptibly relatively shorter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" type="geographic distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Geographic Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="404">
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Western Hemisphere</emphasis>
).-The known range of this subgenus includes Amazonian
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
in South America, Middle American countries of Costa Rica, Honduras, Belize and
<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, and the North American countries of USA and Canada.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" type="key to the western hemisphere species of subgenus badister clairville, 1806">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="404">
Key to the Western Hemisphere Species of Subgenus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clairville" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Badister</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Clairville, 1806
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="404">
(Modified from
<bibRefCitation author="Ball, GE" pageId="12" pageNumber="411" refId="B1" refString="Ball, GE, 1959. A taxonomic study of the North American Licinini with notes on the Old World species of the Genus Diplocheila Brulle (Coleoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 16, iv + 1-258." title="A taxonomic study of the North American Licinini with notes on the Old World species of the Genus Diplocheila Brulle (Coleoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 16, iv + 1 - 258." year="1959">Ball 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">
<table lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">
<tr lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" rowspan="1">
Anterior margin of proepisternum and lateral margins of prosternum distinctly rugose; maxillary palpomere 3 distinctly shorter than palpomere 4; head and pronotum black, shining surface of pronotum smooth without microlines; head with mesh pattern isodiametric, microlines shallow, very fine,
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="405" start="start">hardly</pageBreakToken>
discernible at magnification of 18 dia; elytra rufo-piceous, striae deep, finely punctate, intervals narrow, convex
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haldeman" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="405">Badister notatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Haldeman, 1843
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">1'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">Anterior margin of proepisternum and prosternum not rugose, but rugulose in some specimens; maxillary palpomere 3 distinctly shorter than or subequal to palpomere 4; surface of head and pronotum with mesh pattern isodiametric, surface dull, or mesh pattern transverse, markedly iridescent; elytral striae shallow, intervals relatively broad and flat</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">2(1')</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">Elytra not iridescent, microlines relatively far apart, in form of obvious sculpticells, as seen under magnification of 54 dia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="405">Badister obtusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1878
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">2'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">Elytra markedly iridescent, microlines relatively close together, not in form of obvious sculpticells, as seen under magnification of 54 dia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">3(2')</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">Elytra either concolorous or somewhat paler at base and/or paler marginally and interval 1, but not markedly bicolored</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">3'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">Elytra markedly bicolored</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">4(3)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">Elytra black</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">4'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">Elytra piceous to rufescent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">5(4)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">Pronotum flavotestaceous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erwin &amp; Ball" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="405">Badister amazonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">5'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">Pronotum black</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" rowspan="1">6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="406" start="start">6</pageBreakToken>
(5')
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Legs rufous or darker</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ferrugineus" subSpecies="anthracinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister ferrugineus anthracinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1859
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">6'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Legs testaceous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">7(6')</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Lateral margins of pronotum rounded evenly into lateral portion of basalmargin, the posterior angles thus broadly rounded</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authority="flavipes" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavipes" subSpecies="flavipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister flavipes flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1853
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">7'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Lateral margins of pronotum sinuate posteriorly, in form of a shallow notch in front of posterior marginal setiferous punctures, posterior angles obtuse, narrowly rounded</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Dyke" authorityYear="1945" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavipes" subSpecies="mexicanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister flavipes mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Van Dyke, 1945
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">8(4')</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Pronotum with base relatively narrow (W base/W apex = 0.93-1.07, W base/L pn 0.96 -1.10), antennae testaceous to rufo-testaceous throughout</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavipes" subSpecies="laticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister flavipes laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Blatchley, 1910
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">8'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Pronotum with base relatively broad (W base/W apex = 1.05-1.16, W base/L pn= 1.18 -1.33).Antennomeres 4-7 rufo-piceous or darker, distinctly darker than rest of antenna</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authority="ferrugineus" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ferrugineus" subSpecies="ferrugineus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister ferrugineus ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dejean, 1831
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">9(3')</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Pronotum orange-testaceous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">9'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Pronotum black</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">11</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">10(9)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Metepisternum orange-testaceous, or at least paler than metasternum, maxillary palpomere 3 distinctly shorter than palpomere 4; scape of antenna uniformly testaceous throughout</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister pulchellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1848
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">10'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Metepisternum black, or at least as dark as metasternum, maxillary palpomere 3 only very slightly shorter than or equal in length to the palpomere 4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lindroth" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neopulchellus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister neopulchellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lindroth, 1954
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">11(9')</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Sides of pronotum distinctly sinuate before hind angles, the angles therefore prominent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandykei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister vandykei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ball, 1959
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">11'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Sides of pronotum not sinuate before hind angles, angles obtusely rounded</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">12</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">12(11')</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Pronotum relatively long and slender (W pn wp/L pn= 1.15-1.35), elytral interval 1 in basal 1/3 not darker than intervals 2-8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1880
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">12'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">Pronotum broadly cordate, relatively short and broad (W pn wp/L pn = 1.40-1.55), elytral interval 1 black, or at least distinctly darker than intervals 2-8, at least in basal 1/3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Badister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Badister maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1853
</td>
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</paragraph>
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</document>

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<taxonomicName id="D924F72AB5A318CC36D8DA1CB4FF8A76" ID-CoL="3YPF" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyphoderus" authority="Nicolet, 1842" authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1842" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Cyphoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyphoderus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphoderus Nicolet, 1842</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E894DA8F3A9742F986E89C0B5CFEF998" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type species">
<paragraph id="E67679AF108E8BDE06ED3C6EE098C30B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56CE34FF8C41BCAD98B5D36734C6BDA7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="72F1951E90DDF5582DC67009641A22C1" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Cyphoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyphoderus albinus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albinus">Cyphoderus albinus</taxonomicName>
Nicolet, 1842
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3D49207AC7192FE8F80E5CA535ADD76" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="character assessment">
<paragraph id="2F4F4F32B32A178DB29BFA70EC94F6C0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Character assessment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF126A92DB817D7A26D92D56759F5C0B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Several characters of taxonomic importance were discovered or re-appraised in the course of this study.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A91ED994A8AA016AC7A21A3701390773" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56573B5B805A248617F01502D71ECD74" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
All antennal segments were examined on both dorsal and ventral sides, revealing 10 types of chaetae (Fig. 3A). Their distribution pattern on the antennae is complex, but similar in the two species. Similarities are also obvious with the few
<taxonomicName id="8B409DAAEE1DC4A2949D900ED8EC0086" class="Collembola" family="Hypogastruridae" genus="Entomobryoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobryoidea" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entomobryoidea</taxonomicName>
where antennal chaetotaxy has been described. For instance, sens 1 to 5 and 8 of AIIIO as figured in
<taxonomicName id="18E927F3DFBB13DD10FA466A98FC449F" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinella" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sinella</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="9F32E75190AF0C6858FB37EBC1B735DA" author="Chen, JX" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 54" title="The genus Sinella with special reference to Sinella s. s. (Collembola: Entomobryidae) of China." url="10.1080/00305316.1993.10432236" volume="27" year="1993">Chen and Christiansen (1993)</bibRefCitation>
were easily retrieved in our
<taxonomicName id="A53EFF9C88ECFFB56826553544C34B96" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Cyphoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyphoderus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphoderus</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 3G). Several of the chaetal types recognized here are also found in other genera of
<taxonomicName id="339FCC5D87C7E3A1DB7F5FF69F424F8A" class="Collembola" family="Hypogastruridae" genus="Entomobryoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobryoidea" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entomobryoidea</taxonomicName>
. However, patterns are very complex and their comparisons would require detailed analyses beyond the scope of this paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D10B0474E3F05B80041E1DEE48F7E66" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B3D5F9532CA86B7F2A38F70EC880A77" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
S-chaetae can be grouped in four types (Fig. 4A), with chaeta S4 difficult to distinguish from type-5 mes. The S-chaetae formula observed in our species, as well as in other unidentified ones of the bidenticulati group, is 0/2,1/1,2,3,4,3,0 from head to Abd.VI (Figs 4-6), including 0/1,0/1,0,1,0,0 for S1; 0/1,1/0,1,0,0,0 for S2, 0/0,0/0,1,2,2,3 for S3 and 0/0,0/0,0,0,2,0 for S4. This S-chaetae pattern is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="FDEB7B506D869887551EB6634C40B361" class="Collembola" family="Hypogastruridae" genus="Entomobryoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobryoidea" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entomobryoidea</taxonomicName>
, except for the position of chaetae S1 and S2 on Th.II. In
<taxonomicName id="6DBA63177F53B30C10EEE73E6109EE68" class="Collembola" family="Hypogastruridae" genus="Entomobryoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobryoidea" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entomobryoidea</taxonomicName>
, S1 and S2 (=ms and S in
<bibRefCitation id="B7F222306C07D22F8740D3ADEC82682C" author="Zhang, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="43 - 50" title="A new species of the genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet and a new record of Seira delamarei Jacquemart (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the east coast of India." volume="2310" year="2009">Zhang et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
) are close each other antero-laterally on the tergite (see
<bibRefCitation id="30CA23B0249AE6553C5C6477CDD35ACD" author="Zhang, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="43 - 50" title="A new species of the genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet and a new record of Seira delamarei Jacquemart (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the east coast of India." volume="2310" year="2009">Zhang et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). In the examined
<taxonomicName id="14D0396874CA6F05BFC846AEE79F8975" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Cyphoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyphoderus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphoderus</taxonomicName>
, S2 is not close to S1, but intermediate between the position of antero-lateral S2 and of the postero-lateral S2 as observed in several
<taxonomicName id="55056E9BD2A94AA421A06B3BB2727F82" family="Entomobryidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Entomobryidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="123B14C5D6DCA7695D613252066F1FBF" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2AE4399751F2842AA1EB5B580A1203A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Pseudopores on tergites are arranged as in the
<taxonomicName id="CFD62F1B566C487BC85A5793B899D419" class="Collembola" family="Hypogastruridae" genus="Entomobryoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobryoidea" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entomobryoidea</taxonomicName>
species where they have been recorded (
<bibRefCitation id="D98A827E078D7A6C6D3B94AA8AABE0AD" author="Jordana, R" journalOrPublisher="Goerlitz" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" title="Synopses on Palaearctic Collembola: Capbryinae and Entomobryini." volumeTitle="Senckenberg Museum of Natural History" year="2012">Jordana 2012</bibRefCitation>
for instance): 1,1/1,1,1,1,0,0 from Th.II to Abd.VI. The presence of dorso-distal pseudopores on manubrium (2+2 in the studied
<taxonomicName id="30C10DD279A181C0479FEE08E748B80F" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Cyphoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyphoderus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken id="970120BA223E52CA96B3F01EBAA94CE8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Cyphoderus</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 7H, 8D) is also characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="23AFC5211FBAD1BB8783213DB2FBB80B" class="Collembola" family="Hypogastruridae" genus="Entomobryoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobryoidea" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entomobryoidea</taxonomicName>
. Special to
<taxonomicName id="471B50BF426901E452BCCD6A15F1BCA8" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Cyphoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyphoderus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphoderus</taxonomicName>
described here are the 2+2 pseudopores behind the posterior row of chaetae of Abd.IV, found also in other unidentified
<taxonomicName id="E038AA7C1FCDD2108FA2AC876AD2F811" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Cyphoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyphoderus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphoderus</taxonomicName>
of the bidenticulati group (Fig. 4B). This pseudopore location is only known in
<taxonomicName id="7A11E09D94BDF2F6713A9FC9FDF7CA0D" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Troglopedetinae">Troglopedetinae</taxonomicName>
, i.e., in
<taxonomicName id="05EAECC95B7B64B6E2AB038B82BD42C5" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Troglopedetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Troglopedetes" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Troglopedetes</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A71BC2E39AC6A871B7CB527058EFA34A" author="Deharveng, L" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="95 - 98" title="A new troglomorphic Collembola from Thailand: Troglopedetes fredstonei new species (Collembola: Paronellidae)." volume="28" year="1988">Deharveng 1988</bibRefCitation>
), in
<taxonomicName id="659A07B692D9C2F466EB16D73AA03D9E" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Cyphoderopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyphoderopsis" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphoderopsis</taxonomicName>
(Jantarit et al. 2013) and in
<taxonomicName id="DC3A0C76CD5F7D7100CD67AA577BC167" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Trogolaphysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trogolaphysa" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trogolaphysa</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="37A4EC14755E91585BD56D7922864223" author="Soto-Adames, F" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="35 - 74" title="The dorsal chaetotaxy of Trogolaphysa (Collembola, Paronellidae), with descriptions of two new species from caves in Belize." url="10.3897/zookeys.323.4950" volume="323" year="2013">Soto-Adames and Taylor 2013</bibRefCitation>
), with a number of pseudopores different for each genus. A ventral pseudopore is present on antennal area, in the same location as in
<taxonomicName id="1AFCE76ABC15AC37A76BACEF575683F9" family="Isotomidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Isotomidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F3E5D336FCB78B6DC8E139BFBC25C22" author="Deharveng, L" journalOrPublisher="In: Dallai R (Ed) first International Seminar on Apterygota, Siena" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="59 - 62" title="Note sur un type d'organites tegumentaires originaux rencontre chez les Isotomidae (collembola)." volume="1979" year="1979">Deharveng 1979</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="E24FFAE0299519A5C0A5040462FA31DB" family="Neanuridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Neanuridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5ABF033AB712C41C6F75DE1F7720ECF1" author="Deharveng, L" journalOrPublisher="Travaux du Laboratoire d'Ecobiolologie des Arthropodes Edaphiques, Toulouse" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 63" title="Morphologie evolutive des Collemboles Neanurinae, en particulier de la lignee Neanurienne." volume="4" year="1983">Deharveng 1983</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="6544C7DDA51465B5A15BC10ECE4DDEE5" family="Onychiuridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Onychiuridae</taxonomicName>
(Pomorski 1998,
<bibRefCitation id="00E5B282104583D022AE8336500C739E" author="Martinez, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 15" title="A new genus and species of Collembola from caves of south Iberian Peninsula (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Onychiuridae)." volume="734" year="2004">Martinez et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
). At least, the presence of 1+1 or 2+2 pseudopores on head anteriorly to the antenno-basal line (Fig. 2H) is a new pseudopore location for
<taxonomicName id="EEDB7B2320BAC0F731591DAE704AB6AF" class="Collembola" family="Isotomidae" genus="Collembola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Collembola" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Collembola</taxonomicName>
, unnoticed as far as we know in other genera of the class.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D6F2FCB47ECAFDB332F4F8063733640A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B2567EED57DB549B5AC07FB44BAFA33" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Important features of dorsal head chaetotaxy have been discovered by
<bibRefCitation id="F2D0B40E050B07078B5D4121F9AB2C40" author="Yoshii, R" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the Biological Laboratory of Kyoto University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 16" title="Cyphoderid Collembola of Sabah." volume="26" year="1980">Yoshii (1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2CF47A48B7C5F0284FBC030D6B55A7E8" author="Yoshii, R" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the Biological Laboratory of Kyoto University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="121 - 136" title="Notes on some Cyphoderid Collembola of the tropical Asia." volume="27" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4B61C06C41539E0A6A225D4FE8948ED2" author="Yoshii, R" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the Biological Laboratory of Kyoto University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="99 - 118" title="Interim report of the taxonomic researches toward the Collembolan family Cyphoderidae." volume="28" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
), useful for characterizing the family
<taxonomicName id="F80A809ABE031834438C34296424F863" family="Cyphoderidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Cyphoderidae</taxonomicName>
and several taxa of lower rank. The number and arrangement of post-labial chaetae as well as the presence of one mic among them are the same in the two species described here. However, they differ when compared with other species and might provide another promising set of taxonomic characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3EBABE0844D156F94E92637EECC9E9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2418CD59D90E9B28E26E60F0993C8383" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Body chaetae of various types were detected and tentatively grouped in categories. The mes of type-5 are the most numerous chaetae dorsally. They are seen as smooth under microscope examination, but serrated under SEM, Fig. 4A5; distinguishing them from S4 sens is especially difficult on Abd.IV where both are present, and the same confusion may arise for many other
<taxonomicName id="4DB86D8700E394515FB9F0C5E8B717EC" class="Collembola" family="Hypogastruridae" genus="Entomobryoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobryoidea" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entomobryoidea</taxonomicName>
. As patterns of these mes as well as those of S4 sens seem to be stable inside population and different between species, further investigations will have to re-examine this character for its use in taxonomy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E036A8B3996521ED183CD96A74EEC01" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="119A8D166E53AC01EA17BE9FF397E416" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The chaetotaxy of dorsal side (Figs 4-6) matches in most cases that given by
<bibRefCitation id="5D265FA4A3C18A7E4C56E5A83811E4AE" author="Szeptycki, A" journalOrPublisher="Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa, Krakow" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" title="Chaetotaxy of the Entomobryidae and its phylogenetical significance: Morphosystematic studies of Collembola. IV." volumeTitle="Zaklad Zoologii Systematycznej i Doswiadczalnej Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe" year="1979">Szeptycki (1979)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="D669D1E4493C452E2C0EC8F5360082AA" class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Cyphoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyphoderus albinus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albinus">Cyphoderus albinus</taxonomicName>
, and is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4EA7A6D78A93A0CC7575AD86DFD114EB" class="Collembola" family="Hypogastruridae" genus="Entomobryoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobryoidea" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entomobryoidea</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="54B59DE05C5595B8A96C23A65CE35274" author="Zhang, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="43 - 50" title="A new species of the genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet and a new record of Seira delamarei Jacquemart (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the east coast of India." volume="2310" year="2009">Zhang et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Main differences include the relative position of S1 and S2 on Th.II (see above), and chaeta
<normalizedToken id="8096020C692C729E7DEFA4BD3060B038" originalValue="“as”">&quot;as&quot;</normalizedToken>
of Th.III as a mes in our material versus a short S-chaetae in
<bibRefCitation id="3BFA7EAA4CD1C35802B8BC98625B0238" author="Szeptycki, A" journalOrPublisher="Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa, Krakow" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" title="Chaetotaxy of the Entomobryidae and its phylogenetical significance: Morphosystematic studies of Collembola. IV." volumeTitle="Zaklad Zoologii Systematycznej i Doswiadczalnej Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe" year="1979">Szeptycki (1979)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FAD5A7A2542370761DF92DB4691A297A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2527DCC600BF8FA779C998A7687579" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">One of the most important characters for differentiating species of the bidenticulati group is claw morphology, and it is the most diagnostic feature of the species described here. Although some variability in size and position of the various dental teeth has been noticed by other authors, it has not been taken into account in previous descriptions, leaving doubts about the validity of several species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>