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<document id="BA6B57CF6BFCC2325F674684D427F946" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa001" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14855646" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1739348209905" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Powell, Gareth S, Cline, Andrew R, Duffy, Alexandra G & Zaspel, Jennifer M" docDate="2020" docId="03989875AC5CFFFA2B42FAFA223DFBC2" docLanguage="en" docName="zlaa001.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/189/4/1359/5810333" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Caplothorax KIREJTSHUK 2020, STAT. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="1366" masterDocId="FFA1E00DAC58FFFD2831FFD22315FFC5" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and reclassification of Carpophilinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), with insights into the origins of anthophily" masterLastPageNumber="1369" masterPageNumber="1359" pageNumber="1363" updateTime="1739348591888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F2815A3A95E8CBEB5CECB7EC58C16D32">Phylogeny and reclassification of Carpophilinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), with insights into the origins of anthophily</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99910B95B5254D3871A5CACF3B84EE67">Powell, Gareth S</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FEE56B4A30E09CF50000E2AA520CDEF2">Cline, Andrew R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6184909DA5A9E51A53A271D05BCEBA41">Duffy, Alexandra G</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E45BFE580864570F70CB80242603BB53">Zaspel, Jennifer M</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="4F6B67C84AE7918946361E0A6C210D2F">2020-08-31</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5CFFF92B42FAFA27AEFAFE" authority="KIREJTSHUK" authorityName="KIREJTSHUK" authorityYear="2020" box="[883,1211,1320,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Caplothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945F571AC5CFFF92B42FAFA270AFAFE" bold="true" box="[883,1055,1320,1339]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">CAPLOTHORAX</emphasis>
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KIREJTSHUK
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A276480AAC5CFFF92CF8FAFA2652FAF8" box="[1225,1351,1317,1341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">STAT. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5CFFF92B05FA84272EFAAA" ID-CoL="62KJB" authority="SUBGEN." authorityName="SUBGEN." box="[820,1083,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Carpophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945F571AC5CFFF92B05FA8420C1FAAB" box="[820,980,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">CARPOPHILUS</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5CFFF92C73FA84276CFA4B" authority="KIREJTSHUK, 1997" authorityName="KIREJTSHUK" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Caplothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945F571AC5CFFF92C73FA8427FCFAAB" box="[1090,1257,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">CAPLOTHORAX</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA05492AC5CFFF92CDEFA84276CFA4B" author="Kirejtshuk AG" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" pagination="111 - 134" refId="ref6478" refString="Kirejtshuk AG. 1997. On the evolution of anthophilous Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) in tropical and subtropical regions. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 47: 111-134." type="journal article" year="1997">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D68BFBFAC5CFFF92CDEFA84266AFAAB" baselines="1385,1385" box="[1263,1407,1366,1391]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Kirejtshuk" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">KIREJTSHUK</smallCapsWord>
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, 1997
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5CFFF92B1BFA742724FA7A" ID-CoL="62KJB" authority="SUBGEN." authorityName="SUBGEN." box="[810,1073,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Carpophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D68BFBFAC5CFFF92B1BFA7420DCFA7B" baselines="1463,1465" box="[810,969,1446,1470]" lowerCaseFontSize="10" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Carpophilus" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">
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<emphasis id="B945F571AC5CFFF92B1BFA7420DCFA7B" box="[810,969,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">CARPOPHILUS</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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|
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.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5CFFF92C09FA75276CFA1B" authority="KIREJTSHUK, 1997" authorityName="KIREJTSHUK" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Plapennipolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D68BFBFAC5CFFF92C09FA7527E6FA7B" baselines="1464,1465" box="[1080,1267,1447,1470]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Plapennipolus" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">
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<emphasis id="B945F571AC5CFFF92C09FA7527E6FA7B" box="[1080,1267,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">PLAPENNIPOLUS</emphasis>
|
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</smallCapsWord>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA05492AC5CFFF92CCBFA74276CFA1B" author="Kirejtshuk AG" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" pagination="111 - 134" refId="ref6478" refString="Kirejtshuk AG. 1997. On the evolution of anthophilous Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) in tropical and subtropical regions. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 47: 111-134." type="journal article" year="1997">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D68BFBFAC5CFFF92CCBFA74269CFA7B" baselines="1465,1465" box="[1274,1417,1446,1471]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Kirejtshuk" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">KIREJTSHUK</smallCapsWord>
|
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, 1997
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B7AE8AC5CFFFA2B18F9D1223DFBC2" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1366" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5CFFF92B18F9D127CEF9F2" blockId="4.[809,1424,1538,1591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">
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<emphasis id="B945F571AC5CFFF92B18F9D120D7F9DD" box="[809,962,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548A97C1AC5CFFF92B18F9D12075F9DD" box="[809,864,1539,1560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5CFFF92BE9F9D02074F9F3" authority="Erichson, 1843" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Carpophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
|
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<emphasis id="B945F571AC5CFFF92BE9F9D02602F9D2" box="[984,1303,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">Carpophilus melanopterus</emphasis>
|
||||
Erichson, 1843
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; designation in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA05492AC5CFFF92C24F9F327C0F9F3" author="Kirejtshuk AG" box="[1045,1237,1569,1591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" pagination="111 - 134" refId="ref6478" refString="Kirejtshuk AG. 1997. On the evolution of anthophilous Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) in tropical and subtropical regions. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 47: 111-134." type="journal article" year="1997">Kirejtshuk, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5CFFF92B18F9A720A0F949" blockId="4.[809,949,1653,1676]" box="[809,949,1653,1676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5CFFF92B18F9A720A0F949" box="[809,949,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5CFFFB2B18F94F21E4F8D6" blockId="4.[809,1425,1693,1899]" lastBlockId="6.[145,762,1758,1903]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1365" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">
|
||||
The following description is based on males and females of all included species. Large size, length
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC98486AC5CFFF92D34F96E2698F914" box="[1285,1421,1724,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="3.2">3.2–6.8 mm</quantity>
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, width
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC98486AC5CFFF92B46F9092712F935" box="[887,1031,1755,1776]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="1.3">1.3–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dull, dorsal punctation coarse and uniformly distributed. Overall coloration typically matt [feebly to moderately shining in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5CFFF92C11F8E52633F889" authority="(Crotch, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1056,1318,1846,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Carpophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yuccae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5CFFF92C11F8E52791F889" box="[1056,1156,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363">C. yuccae</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA05492AC5CFFF92CA0F8E4260EF889" author="Crotch GR" box="[1169,1307,1846,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1363" pagination="73 - 80" refId="ref5972" refString="Crotch GR. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera from the Pacific coast of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 5: 73-80." type="journal article" year="1874">Crotch, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
]. Labrum deeply cleft; vertex of head densely and deeply punctate; clypeal–labral suture slightly concave; eyes finely faceted. Anterior margin of pronotum broadly concave, lateral margin narrowly explanate, fimbriate; pronotum widest in posterior third, abruptly sinuate prior to posterior angle, posterior angles distinct, reflexed. Pronotal disc densely, deeply punctate. Elytra with humeri moderately produced, lateral margins narrowly explanate, fimbriate. Elytral disc with setae not arranged in serial rows. Elytra shortened, exposing two abdominal tergites. Pygidium deeply, densely punctate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4E79EBAC5DFFF82892F95921B1F97B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14855650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14855650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14855650/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1364" startId="5.[163,241,1675,1697]" targetBox="[317,1290,197,1633]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5DFFF82892F95921B1F97B" blockId="5.[163,1442,1675,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5DFFF82892F959221FF965" bold="true" box="[163,266,1675,1697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1364">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Resulting phylogram from ML analysis. Genera and subgenera are shaded with the given colour ranges. Support values (bootstraps above 75%) are prior to nodes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4E79EBAC5EFFFB28A0F9AD22B1F977" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14855652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14855652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14855652/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1365" startId="6.[145,223,1663,1685]" targetBox="[241,1329,195,1623]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5EFFFB28A0F9AD22B1F977" blockId="6.[145,1424,1663,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1365">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5EFFFB28A0F9AD23EDF951" bold="true" box="[145,248,1663,1685]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1365">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Maximum parsimony ancestral state reconstruction of anthophilous behaviour in carpophiline sap beetles (black is presence of anthophily).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5EFFFA2898F8CE22AAFEB1" blockId="6.[145,762,1758,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[163,779,197,372]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1366" pageId="6" pageNumber="1365">
|
||||
Mandibles bidentate, most species with apical mandibular tooth elongate and molar region well pronounced with distinct transverse ridges. Raised portion of mentum highly transverse, apical angle acute; antennal furrows deep, strongly convergent; antennal club large and broad (except in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5EFFFB2D24F8CE2697F8F4" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1301,1410,1820,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Carpophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yuccae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5EFFFB2D24F8CE2697F8F4" box="[1301,1410,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1365">C. yuccae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Mesocoxal lines diverging slightly from mesocoxae forming a narrow axillary space that does not extend beyond one-fifth the metasternal/metepisternal suture. Female hypopygidium simple, male hypopygidium deeply recessed for reception of the anal sclerite. Anal sclerite directed ventrad, not visible from above. Male hypopygidium possessing distinct paired lateral foveae or a single median fovea.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5FFFFA2892FE7F2209FE01" blockId="7.[163,284,429,452]" box="[163,284,429,452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5FFFFA2892FE7F2209FE01" box="[163,284,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5FFFFA2892FE07214AFCBC" blockId="7.[163,780,469,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">
|
||||
The following combination of characters distinguishes
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5FFFFA2892FE26223AFDCC" authorityName="KIREJTSHUK" authorityYear="1997" box="[163,303,500,521]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Caplothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5FFFFA2892FE26223AFDCC" box="[163,303,500,521]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">Caplothorax</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from all other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5FFFFA29EDFE26216AFDCF" authorityName="ERICHSON" authorityYear="1843" box="[476,639,500,522]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Carpophilinae">Carpophilinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genera: two exposed abdominal segments dorsally, and the presence of hypopygidial foveae (paired or one single continuous fovea). Pronotum large, transverse, length-width ratio greater than 1.5; widest in posterior third, posterior angle distinct, reflexed (less distinct in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5FFFFA2ABDFD5F21EEFD66" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[652,763,653,675]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Carpophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yuccae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5FFFFA2ABDFD5F21EEFD66" box="[652,763,653,675]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">C. yuccae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), lateral margins abruptly sinuate prior to posterior angle [less distinct in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5FFFFA2967FD192147FD25" authority="(Parsons, 1943)" authorityName="Powell & Cline & Duffy & Zaspel" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Parsons" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[342,594,715,736]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Caplothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5FFFFA2967FD1922B5FD25" box="[342,416,715,736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">C. sayi</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA05492AC5FFFFA299EFD19215FFD25" author="Parsons CT" box="[431,586,715,736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366" pagination="121 - 273" refId="ref6782" refString="Parsons CT. 1943. A revision of nearctic Nitidulidae (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 92: 121-273." type="journal article" year="1943">Parsons, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3152E0AC5FFFFA2ABAFD19225CFD3B" authority="(Sharp, 1889)" authorityName="Powell & Cline & Duffy & Zaspel" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Caplothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viduatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5FFFFA2ABAFD19201EFD1A" box="[651,779,714,736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">C. viduatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Sharp, 1889)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
]. Axillary space reduced, reaching no more than one-fifth the length of the metasternal/ metepisternal suture. These characters, along with the generally larger body size and matt surface appearance, help distinguish members of this group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5FFFFA2892FC78222FFC07" blockId="7.[163,314,938,962]" box="[163,314,938,962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B945F571AC5FFFFA2892FC78222FFC07" box="[163,314,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8E2963AC5FFFFA2892FC00223DFBC2" blockId="7.[163,778,978,1031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1366">All currently included species are distributed in the New World.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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