diff --git a/data/B8/4D/56/B84D564F21020712DF9D01C6CBA4FA04.xml b/data/B8/4D/56/B84D564F21020712DF9D01C6CBA4FA04.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d176f3d0cda --- /dev/null +++ b/data/B8/4D/56/B84D564F21020712DF9D01C6CBA4FA04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1646 @@ + + + +A new species of the Scinax catharinae species group (Anura: Hylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest of northeastern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil + + + +Author + +Ana Carolina + + + +Author + +C. Lourenço + + + +Author + +João Victor A. Lacerda + + + +Author + +Carlos Alberto Gonçalves Cruz + + + +Author + +Luciana Barreto Nascimento + + + +Author + +José P. Pombal + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2020 + +2020-11-13 + + +4878 + + +2 + + +305 +321 + + + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.5 +1175-5326 +4576829 +BD314D9F-17E3-468C-9CFF-CD0F6A4E3457 + + + + + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + + + + + +( +Fig. 1 +; +Table 1 +) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +MZUFV 5288, adult male collected at Fazenda Duas Barras ( +16° 24’ 36.82” S +, +40° 2’ 42.35” W +; + +757 m +a.s.l. + +), district of +Talismã +, municipality of +Santa Maria do Salto +, state of +Minas Gerais +, +Brazil +, on + +October 2003 + +, by +R.N. Feio +, +P.L. Ferreira +, +L.B. Nascimento +, +M. Soares +, +D. Cabral +, and +C.A.G. Cruz. + + + + + +Paratypes + +– MNRJ 93654–93658, MZUFV 5978–5982, and MZUFV 5289, adult males collected with the +holotype +. CFBH 42051, an adult male collected at the type locality, on +April 02, 2017 +, by A.C.C. Lourenço and colleagues + +. + + + + +Diagnosis +. The new species belongs to the genus + +Scinax + +by sharing morphological synapomorphies known for the genus: webbing between toes I and II that does not extend beyond the subarticular tubercle of Toe I, +m. pectoralis abdominalis +originates at well-defined tendons, and +m. pectoralis abdominalis +overlaps the +m. obliqus externus +( +Faivovich 2002 +; + +Faivovich +et al +. 2005 + +). Also, we include the new species in the + +S. catharinae + +clade by the absence of a pectoral fold. This combination of characters differentiates adults of species of the + +S. catharinae + +clade from all those of the + +S. ruber + +clade ( +sensu +Faivovich 2002 +). Furthermore, the new species shares with members of the + +S. catharinae + +species group a +m. extensores brevis distalis digit III +with a laterodistal origin (synapomorphy of this group; +Faivovich 2002 +) and the lack of a bromeligenous reproductive mode (synapomorphy of the + +S. perpusillus + +group; +sensu +Peixoto 1987; Favivovich +et al +. 2005). + + + +FIGURE 1. + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +, holotype (MZUFV 5288). (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral view of body; (D) palmar view of the left hand and (D) plantar view of the left foot. Scale bar = 5 mm. + + + + +TABLE 1. +Measurements (in mm) of type specimens of + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +. Ranges followed by means and standard deviation in parentheses. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Males (n=12)
SVL26.6–32 (29±1.5)
HL10–11.7 (10.9±0.5)
HW8.1–9.9 (9.1±0.5)
END2.9–3.7 (3.4±0.2)
IND2.3–2.8 (2.5±0.2)
ED3.8–4.8 (4.4±0.3)
IOD3.1–3.7 (3.3±0.2)
TD1.0–1.6 (1.3±0.2)
THL12.6–15 (14±0.7)
TL14.7–16.5 (15.6±0.6)
FL7.6–10.0 (8.2±0.5)
+ + + +FIGURE 2. +Gular region of the (A) MZUFV 5288 (holotype), (B) MNRJ 93654 (paratype), and (C) MNRJ 93655 (paratype), showing the vocal sac with different external expansions. Scale bar = 5mm. + + + + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +is diagnosed by the following characters: (1) SVL in males 26.6–33.0 mm, n = 12 (females unavailable); (2) snout mucronate in dorsal view; (3) +canthus rostralis +marked; (4) vocal slits in males present; (5) males with vocal sac externally distended ( +Fig. 2 +a–c); (6) light-yellow gular region in live males ( +Fig. 3 +); (7) glandular acini on the medial region of forearm in males present; (8) light colored, protruded nuptial pad on finger II; (9) glandular acini on the dorsal region of the fingers II and III in males; (10) skin on dorsum covered by scattered tubercles; (11) inguinal gland in males absent; (12) webbing between toes II and III reaching the subarticular tubercle of Toe II; (13) webbing between toes IV and V reaching the second subarticular tubercle or at most half of the penultimate phalanx of Toe V; (14) narrow irregular band, restricted to the median interocular region present; (15) orange-yellow coloration on inguinal region and hidden portions of thigh and shank ( +Fig. 3 +); and (16) +m. depressor mandibulae +with an origin on the dorsal fascia at the level of the +m. dorsalis scapulae +( +Fig. 4 +). + + +Comparison with other species +. + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +differs from + +S. agilis + +, + +S. argyreornatus + +, + +S. aromothyella + +, + +S. berthae + +, + +S. caissara + +, + +S. cardosoi + +, + +S. carnevallii + +, + +S. centralis + +, + +S. garibaldiae + +, + +S. heyeri + +, + +S. luizotavioi + +, + +S. machadoi + +, + +S. melanodactylus + +, + +S. pombali + +, + +S. ranki + +, + +S. skuki + +, and + +S. tripui + +by the larger male SVL ( + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +26.6–33.0 mm; combined SVL in males of these species 12.0–26.2 mm). + + + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +differs from all species of the + +S. catharinae + +group (except + +S. garibaldiae + +, + +S. obtriangulatus + +, and + +S. skaios + +) by its light-yellow coloration on the gular surface in life, contrasting with its overall color pattern (the gular region of + +S. garibaldiae + +is bright yellow; topotypes of + +S. obtriangulatus + +and + +S. skaios + +were not analyzed in this study). The gular region of all other species is entirely beige or has irregular brown spots on a beige background in life. Males of + +S. aromothyella + +, + +S. hiemalis + +, + +S. littoralis + +, + +S. luizotavioi +, + +and + +S. rizibilis + +present yellow pigmentation spread throughout body, including the gular region, but it happens only at night and in vocalization activity. + + +Males of the new species have an externally distended vocal sac ( +Fig. 2 +a–c), characteristic that promptly dis- tinguishes it from all other species of the + +S. catharinae + +group, except from + +S. aromothyella + +, + +S. berthae + +, + +S. cardosoi + +, + +S. garibaldiae + +, and + +S. rizibilis + +(all other species do not have a distended vocal sac). + + + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +is also distinguished from + +S. agilis + +, + +S. albicans + +, + +S. argyreornatus + +, + +S. aromothyella + +, + +S. berthae + +, + +S. machadoi + +, + +S. ranki + +, and + +S. rizibilis + +by its marked +canthus rostralis +(not marked in these species); and from + +S. ariadne + +and + +S. skaios + +by the presence of vocal slits (absent in these species). + + +The new species differs from almost all species of the + +S. catharinae + +group (except + +S. argyreornatus + +, + +S. cardosoi + +, + +S. carnevallii + +, and + +S. kautskyi + +) by its mucronate snout in dorsal view (subovoid in + +S. caissara + +, + +S. canastrensis + +, + +S. centralis + +, + +S. longilineus + +, + +S. goya + +, + +S. machadoi + +, + +S. rizibilis + +, + +S. skaios + +, and + +S. melanodactylus + +; sub-elliptical in + +S. aromothyella + +, + +S. berthae + +, and + +S. pombali + +; rounded in + +S. ariadne + +, + +S. catharinae + +, + +S. brieni +, +S. garibaldiae + +, + +S. obtriangulatus + +, and + +S. ranki + +; rounded with mucronate tip in + +S. albicans + +, + +S. angrensis + +, + +S. flavoguttatus + +, + +S. hiemalis + +, + +S. heyeri + +, + +S. humilis + +, + +S. littoralis + +, + +S. muriciensis + +, + +S. strigilatus + +, + +S. trapicheiroi + +, and + +S. tripui + +; and sub-elliptical with acute tip in + +S. jureia + +and + +S. luizotavioi + +). + + + +FIGURE 3. +Patatype (CFBH 42051) of + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +in life: dorsal, ventral, and inguinal color. Scale bar = 5mm. + + + + +FIGURE 4 +. Tympanic region of (A) +a specimen of +the +S. perpusillus +species group (UFMG 19964) and ( + +B) +Scinax feio + +i sp. n. male (MZUFV 5289); arrow showing in detail the origin of the +m. depressor mandibulae +on the dorsal +fascia +that covers the suprascapula, an autapomorphy of the new species. + + + + +FIGURE 5. +Type locality of + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +: municipality of Santa Maria do Salto, northeastern state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. BA = State of Bahia; MG = State of Minas Gerais; ES = State of Espírito Santo. + + + + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +differs from most species of the + +S. catharinae + +group (except + +S. argyreornatus + +, + +S. aromothyella + +, + +S. caissara + +, + +S. cardosoi +, +S. catharinae + +, + +S. kautskyi + +, + +S. flavoguttatus + +, + +S. heyeri + +, + +S. luizotavioi + +, + +S. muriciensis + +, + +S. skuki + +, + +S. strigilatus + +, and + +S. tripui + +) by its webbing between toes IV and V reaching the second subarticular tubercle or at most half of the penultimate phalanx of Toe V (more developed webbing between toes IV and V in the remaining species, reaching the base of the disc of the Toe V). + + +Webbing between toes II and III reaching only the subarticular tubercle of Toe II, differs the new species from + +S +. +agilis + +, + +S +. +albicans + +, + +S. ariadne + +, + +S. brieni + +, + +S. canastrensis + +, + +S. centralis + +, + +S. flavoguttatus + +, + +S. garibaldiae + +, + +S. goya + +, + +S. hiemalis + +, + +S. jureia + +, + +S. longilineus + +, + +S. melanodactylus + +, + +S. obtriangulatus + +, and + +S. trapicheiroi + +(webbing reaching the base of the disc or the half of the penultimate phalanx of the Toe II in these species). + + +The narrow irregular band (looking a subtle W-shaped) restricted to the median interocular region differs the new species from almost all species of the + +S. catharinae + +group, except + +S. angrensis + +, + +S. humilis + +, and + +S. littoralis + +( + +S. agilis + +and + +S. melanodactylus + +with a black longitudinal line or no mark on the interocular region); + +S. argyreornatus + +, + +S. caissara + +, + +S. carnevallii + +, + +S. flavoguttatus + +, + +S +. +garibaldiae + +, + +S. heyeri + +, + +S. kautskyi + +, + +S. machadoi + +, + +S. muriciensis + +, + +S. rizibilis + +, + +S. strigilatus + +, and + +S. tripui + +with a trapezoid mark or a W-shaped blotch reaching or slightly exceeding the posterior margin of the eyes; + +S. ariadne + +, + +S. brieni + +, + +S. canastrensis + +, + +S. catharinae + +, + +S. centralis + +, + +S. goya + +, + +S. hiemalis + +, + +S. jureia + +, + +S. longilineus + +, + +S. luizotavioi + +, + +S. obtriangulatus + +, + +S. pombali + +, + +S. ranki + +, and + +S. skaios + +with an inverted triangle or an irregular trapezoid mark on this region, reaching or slightly exceeding the posterior border of the tympanum; + +S. trapicheiroi + +with a W-shaped blotch, which is very long, reaching the posterior half of the body; and + +S. cardosoi + +with a longitudinal band in the interocular region, sometimes interrupted, that extends posteriorly through the dorsal surface). + + +The new species also differs from some species of the group, except + +S. agilis + +, + +S. albicans + +, + +S. angrensis + +, + +S. aromothyella + +, + +S. cardosoi + +, + +S. carnevallii + +, + +S. catharinae + +, + +S. brieni + +, + +S. flavoguttatus + +, + +S. garibaldiae + +, + +S +. +humilis + +, + +S. littoralis + +, + +S. luizotavioi + +, + +S. obtriangulatus + +, + +S. trapicheiroi + +, and + +S. tripui + +by having a light-colored, protruded nuptial pad with respect to the surrounding skin in males (nuptial pad is particularly enlarged in + +S. rizibilis + +, black colored in + +S. melanodactylus + +, and not protruded in the other species). + + +Furthermore, + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +differs from + +S. agilis + +, + +S. ariadne + +, + +S. aromothyella + +, + +S. berthae + +, + +S. caissara + +, + +S. cardosoi + +, + +S. canastrensis + +, + +S. garibaldiae + +, + +S. goya + +, + +S. longilineus + +, + +S. pombali + +, and + +S. skaios + +by having scattered tu- bercles on dorsum (rough in + +S. ariadne + +, + +S. canastrensis + +, + +S. goya + +, + +S. longilineus + +, + +S. pombali + +, and + +S. skaios + +; smooth in + +S. agilis + +, + +S. aromothyella + +, + +S. berthae + +, + +S. caissara + +, + +S. cardosoi + +, and + +S. garibaldiae + +). + + +The absence of inguinal gland distinguishes + +S. feioi + + +sp. n. + +from + +S. ariadne + +, + +S. brieni + +, + +S. canastrensis + +, + +S. catharinae + +, + +S. centralis + +, + +S. flavoguttatus + +, + +S. garibaldiae + +, + +S. jureia + +, + +S. hiemalis + +, + +S. longilineus + +, + +S. luizotavioi + +, + +S. obtriangulatus + +, + +S. ranki + +, + +S. rizibilis + +, + +S. skaios + +, and + +S. tripui + +(externally evident inguinal gland in these species and particularly hypertrophied in + +S. centralis + +). + + +The new species differs from most species of the + +S. catharinae + +group, except + +S. canastrensis + +, + +S. carnevallii + +, + +S. flavoguttatus + +, + +S. goya + +, + +S. kautskyi + +, + +S. longilineus + +, + +S. machadoi + +, + +S. muriciensis + +, + +S. skaios + +, + +S. strigilatus + +, and + +S. tripui + +by the glandular acini on the medial region of forearm in males (glandular acini absent on the medial region of forearm in these species). In addition, the presence of glandular acini on the dorsal region of the Finger III in males distinguishes + +S. feioi + + +sp. n. + +from + +S. agilis + +, + +S. argyreornatus + +, + +S. ariadne + +, + +S. berthae + +, + +S. carnevallii + +, + +S. centralis + +, + +S. garibaldiae + +, + +S. heyeri + +, + +S +. +hiemalis + +, + +S. melanodactylus +, +S. ranki + +, + +S. rizibilis + +, + +S +. +skuki + +, and + +S. strigilatus + +(glandular acini absent on Finger III in these species). + + +The yellow-orange coloration of the inguinal region and hidden areas of the thigh and shank ( +Fig.3 +a–c) differs the new species from almost all species of the + +S. catharinae + +group [ + +S. ariadne + +has light brown irregular blotches on violet or pink background; + +S. brieni + +has brown irregular blotches on light blue background; + +S. catharinae + +, + +S. humilis + +, and + +S. trapicheiroi + +have dark brown irregular blotches on light blue or white background; + +S. hiemalis + +, + +S. jureia + +, + +S. ranki + +, + +S. skaios +( + +Pombal +et al +. 2010 + +) + +, + +S. strigilatus + +, and + +S. tripui + +has brown irregular blotches on greenish background; + +S. obtriangulatus + +has “dull grayish violet” (B. +Lutz 1973 +)]. Moreover, other species of the + +S. catharinae + +group have no bright coloration on these regions, they have dark brown spots on light pale background: + +S. agilis + +, + +S. albicans + +, + +S. angrensis + +, + +S. caissara + +, + +S. carnevallii + +, + +S. kautskyi + +, + +S. luizotavioi + +, and + +S. littoralis + +. + + +Furthermore, the +m. depressor mandibulae +with an origin on the dorsal fascia at the level of the +m. dorsalis scapulae +differs + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +from all species of the + +S. catharinae + +group, except from + +S. goya + +, + +S. jureia + +, and + +S. muriciensis + +that were not examined (without origin on the dorsal fascia in all other species of the group; see also +Faivovich, 2002 +). + + + + + +Description of the +holotype + +. SVL 29.1 mm. Head longer than wide (HW 80% of HL), head length about 40% of SVL. Snout mucronate in dorsal view and protruding in profile. Nostril elliptical, protruding immediately posterior the tip of snout, opening directed dorsolaterally. +Canthus rostralis +marked and convex, with tubercles in all its extension. Loreal region concave. Eye large, protruding laterally, diameter 51.6% of head width. Interorbital and internostril distance 37.9% and 28.9% of head width, respectively. Tympanum rounded, +annulus tympanicus +well defined, its diameter 26.5% of eye-diameter. Supratympanic fold evident, covering the top of the tympanic annulus, extending from posterior corner of eye until near the insertion of the arms. Tongue large, elongated, unattached posterior and laterally. Vocal slits present, originating on the side of the tongue and running to the posterolateral corner of the mouth. Choanae elliptical. Vomerine teeth in two contiguous straight series of five teeth each, positioned between choanae. Vocal sac expanded externally. + + +Forearms longer than arms, nonhypertrophied. Outer metacarpal tubercle bilobed; inner metacarpal tubercle single and elliptical. Subarticular tubercles single, conical on the fingers II, III, and IV and rounded on the finger V. Supernumerary tubercles small and rounded. Webbing absent between fingers II and III and basal between other fingers. Discs on fingers elliptical, wider than long. Discs on finger II and III smaller than others. Relative finger length II<III<V<IV. The nuptial pad is light-colored, protruded with respect to the adjacent skin. The glandular acini of the nuptial pad are mainly concentrated on the medial margin of Finger II, extending from the base of the finger to the origin of the disc, and medially covering almost all the inner metacarpal tubercle. The epidermal projections of the nuptial pad are evident with magnification, and likely of papillary structure. Dorsal region of Finger III has evident glandular acini, macroscopically similar to the nuptial pad glands. Foot 42.7 % of SVL. Inner metatarsal tubercle single and ovoid, about three times larger than outer metatarsal tubercle, which is single and elliptical. Subarticular tubercles single, conical on the toes I and II but rounded in the others. Supernumerary tubercles present and rounded; scattered across the plantar surface. Relative toe length: I<II<V=III<IV. Webbing formula I – II2 +- +– +31/2 +III2 +- +– 3 ++ +IV3 ++ +– 2 +- +V. Discs elliptical, wider than long. Discs on toes I and II smaller than others. + +Pectoral fold absent. Mental region, pectoral area, and medial region of the forearm with evident glandular acini. Outer margin of forearm and tarsus with a row of tubercles. Inguinal gland absent. Cloacal region with high concentration of tubercles. Cloacal opening at upper level of thighs. Skin on dorsum with many small tubercles; granular on throat, belly, supratympanic fold, and undersurfaces of thigh. + + +Measurements of the +holotype + +(in mm). SVL 29.1; HW 9.3; HL 11.6; END 3.7; IND 2.7; ED 4.8; IOD 3.5; TD 1.3; THL 14.6; TL 16.0; FL 12.4. + + + +Color of +holotype +in preservative + +. Overall dorsal coloration light brown with many brown irregular blotches. Dorsolateral region light brown with a slight brown strip that originates on the posterior margin of the eye and reaches the inguinal region. Interocular surface with a narrow irregular brown band bordered by a white line in its anterior and posterior margins (looking a subtle W-shaped), restricted to the median interocular region. +Canthus rostralis +with a brown line along its length. The sacral region with an arc-shaped brown mark. Dorsally forelimbs and hindlimbs cream with brown bars. Iris gray. Upper lip light brown with diffuse dark brown blotches bellow the eye. Hidden areas of thighs and inguinal region with irregular dark brown markings on a cream background. Belly cream with some dots on its anterior region. Ventral region of limbs sepia brown with cream dots. Throat cream with little irregular brown spots, which is more concentrate on the edge of the lower lip. Sole is brown. + + +Color in life +(based on the +paratype +CFBH 42051). Overall dorsal coloration yellowish brown with irregular brown blotches. Gular region is light yellow with light brown irregular spots. The belly is white and has brown spots in the region near the throat. Ventral surfaces of limbs are dark brown with white tubercles. Ventral surfaces of hands and feet are dark brown. Hidden areas of thighs and inguinal region have irregular dark brown markings on a yellow-orange background. The other color patterns are the same seen in preservative. + + + +Variation among +paratypes +. + +Measurements are on +Table 1 +. The webbing formula varies among specimens as follows: I – II 2(2 +- +) – +31/2 +III 2(2 +- +) – +31/2 +(3 ++ +) IV 3 ++ +( +31/2 +) – 2 +- +(2) V. The specimens MNRJ 93654, MNRJ 93656, MNRJ 93658, MZUFV 5979, and MZUFV 5981 have six teeth in the two series of vomerine teeth; MZUFV 5980 has eight teeth in the two series of vomerine teeth; and MZUFV 5289 has seven and six teeth in the left and right vomer, re- spectively. The specimens MNRJ 93654 and 93655 have more expanded vocal sac than the +holotype +( +Fig.2 +a–c). + + + + + +Distribution and Natural History. +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +is currently known from its +type +locality: Fazenda Duas Barras ( +16° 24’ 36.82” S +, +40° 2’ 42.35” W +; +757 m +a.s.l.), Santa Maria do Salto municipality, northeastern of +Minas Gerais state +, southeastern +Brazil +( +Fig. 5 +). This region belongs to the Jequitinhonha river basin and it is one of the last remaining fragments of Atlantic rainforest in northeastern of +Minas Gerais +. The +type +locality has a peculiar geomorphic feature, with many huge granite inselbergs towering over forest. Males of the new species were found on leaves (about +1 m +above the water) of the marginal vegetation of a stream that have connections with several water bodies. They were observed calling during the wet season (on October) and after rainy days during the dry season (on April). + + + + +Remarks about m. depressor mandibulae +(observed in two +paratypes +, CFBH 42051 and MZUFV 5289). This muscle has three bodies: the anterior origins from the ventral margin of the tympanic ring; the medial one is bulkier and origins from the squamosal on the optic ramus; the posterior one origins on the dorsal fascia at the level of the +m. dorsalis scapulae +. + + + + +Etymology. +The specific epithet honors the herpetologist Dr. Renato Neves Feio (Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, +Minas Gerais +, +Brazil +), with gratitude for his contributions and efforts to the knowledge of Brazilian anurans and pleasant friendship. Dr. Renato Neves Feio helped to collect the +type +series of + +Scinax feioi + + +sp. n. + +and gently gave way part of the specimens housed at Museu Nacional. + + + + \ No newline at end of file