diff --git a/data/18/D9/50/18D95061D9025FD6868C8ECCDE2CBE23.xml b/data/18/D9/50/18D95061D9025FD6868C8ECCDE2CBE23.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d76a854734d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/18/D9/50/18D95061D9025FD6868C8ECCDE2CBE23.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1199 @@ + + + +Cardamine zhangjiajieensis, a new species of Brassicaceae in China + + + +Author + +Li, Jia-Lu +https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8147-5157 +Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, Cheng +0000-0003-1020-0850 +Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen 518114, China & The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China + + + +Author + +He, Yi +0000-0002-6925-7299 +Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China + + + +Author + +Liu, Quan-Ru +Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +248 + + +293 +304 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.248.119678 + + + + + +Cardamine zhangjiajieensis +Q. R. Liu & J. L. Li + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 4 +, +5 + + + + +Type. + + + +China +• +Hunan +: +Zhangjiajie Nature Reserve +, +Wulingyuan +, + +29.340766°N +, +110.45326°E + +, + +880 m + +, + +May 21, 2022 + +, + +Li JL +, +Zhang C +, BNU 2022 ZJJ 02 + +( +holotype +: +BNU 0057018 +, +isotype +: +BNU 0057017 +, +BNU 0057016 +) + +. + + + + + + + +Cardamine zhangjiajieensis +Q. R. Liu & J. L. Li + +A +plants in fruit period +B +new leaves emanating from aerial roots +C +basal leaves +D +flower +E +petal and sepals +F +stamens +G +style +H +siliques and seed, All drawn by Quan-Ru Liu from voucher specimens +Li JL, Zhang C BNU 2022 ZJJ 02 +(BNU!) ( +A +), +Li JL, Zhang C BNU 2022 ZJJ 04 +(BNU!) ( +B – H +). + + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Cardamine zhangjiajieensis + +is similar to + +C. circaeoides + +. From the latter, + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +is readily distinguished by the terminal leaflet of the cauline leaf +4.5–7 cm +(vs. +2.5–4.5 cm +), lateral leaflets 0–2 pairs (vs. 0–1 pairs), without auriculate petioles (vs. auriculate petioles), mostly round or oblong (vs. oblong-oval to triangular-oval), margin undulating sinuses (vs. crenate or subentire), seed apically narrow wing (vs. wingless). + + + + + + +Morphology and habitat of + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +A, B +plants in flowering and fruit period +C +flower +D +siliques and seed morphology +E +flower (lateral view) +F +leaves, indicating cauline leaves ( + +F +1 +, F +2 + +), basal leaves ( + +F +4 + +), and new leaves emanating from aerial roots ( + +F +3 + +). Photographs +A, B, D, E +by Zhang C, +C, F +by Li JL. + + + + + +Description. + + +Herbs perennial, +15–40 cm +tall, glabrous. Rhizomes short, sometimes with a few stolons. Stems erect, simple or branched above middle. Basal leaves not rosette, simple or 2–4 foliolate; petiole +3–6 cm +, glabrous; leaf blade or terminal leaflets cordate or ovate, +3–5 cm +× +3–5 cm +, glabrous, base cordate, sometimes subtruncate, or subcuneate, margin often sinuous, apex obtuse; lateral leaflets (when present) petiolulate or sessile, much smaller than terminal one. Cauline leaves simple or 1 of which 2 – or 3 – foliolate, petiolate or rarely uppermost subsessile; petiole (0.4 –) 1–5 (– 6) cm; leaf blade similar to that of basal leaves, cordate, sometimes ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5 (– 6) × 3 (– 4) cm. Fruiting pedicels 3–12 (– 15) mm, ascending, base sometimes rooting, emitting new plants. Sepals ovate or oblong, +2.8–3.2 mm +× +1.4–1.9 mm +, glabrous, margin often membranous. Petals white, spatulate, +4.5–6.5 mm +× +2.5–3 mm +, apex notch. Median filament pairs +3.5–4.5 mm +, lateral pair +1.5–2.5 mm +; anthers oblong. Siliques linear, +2.5–4 cm +; valves torulose, glabrous; style (0.5 –) +1–2 mm +. Seeds brown, ovate or broadly oblong, 1.4–1.6 × +0.9–1.1 mm +, with a narrow wing. Fl. and fr. April – Jul. 2 n ≈ 6 x. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Only found in Zhangjiajie Nature Reserve, +Hunan Province +, grows in wet places of roadside, forest, river sides. + + + + +Specimens examined. + + + +China +• +Hunan +: +Zhangjiajie Nature Reserve +, +Wulingyuan +, + +29.324980°N +, +110.433310°E + +, + +600 m + +, + +May 21, 2022 + +, + +Li JL +, +Zhang C +, BNU 2022 ZJJ 06 + +( +BNU +, 4 duplicates) + +• + +Zhangjiajie Nature Reserve +, +Wulingyuan +, + +29.341153°N +, +110.457903°E + +, + +820 m + +, + +May 21, 2022 + +, + +Li JL +, +Zhang C +, BNU 2022 ZJJ 04 + +, ( +BNU +, 7 duplicates) + +; + + +April 25, 2023 + +, + +Li JL +, +Song QR +, BNU 2023 ZJJ 01 + +, ( +BNU +, 2 duplicates) + +; + +Jinbianxi +, +2021 +, + +Zhang C +zhang 670 + +, ( +BNU +, 7 duplicates) + +• + +Tianmenshan +, + +May 2, 2013 + +, + +Zhang DG +130502028 + +( +JIU 33520 +) + +• + +Hunan +, Exact location unknown, + +March 18, 1955 + +, + +Xia JL +20 + +, ( +PE 01995438 +) + +. + + + + +Discussion. + + +Major centers of + +Cardamine + +diversity estimated by the number of taxa appear to be in the European Mediterranean and the Caucasus; Eastern Asia and the Himalayas; and North and Central America ( +Marhold et al. 2018 +). Utilizing data from this study, we selected common + +Cardamine + +in +Hunan +and Central +China +, such as + +Cardamine lyrata + +, + +Cardamine anhuiensis + +, + +Cardamine engleriana + +, + +Cardamine fragariifolia + +, + +Cardamine circaeoides + +, + +Cardamine scutata + +, + +Cardamine fallax + +, + +Cardamine occulta + +and determined the phylogenetic position of + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +within the genus. Phylogenetic analysis shows that + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +falls in a clade sister to + +C. scutata + +. From the latter, + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +is readily distinguished by lateral leaflets 0–2 pairs (vs. 1–4), the terminal leaflet of the cauline leaf +4–7 cm +× +3.5–6.5 cm +(vs. 2–5 × +1.5–4 cm +), petals +4.5–6.5 mm +× +2.5–3 mm +(vs. 2.5–4.5 × +1.5–2.5 mm +), sepals +2.8–3.2 mm +× +1.4–1.9 mm +(vs. 1.5–2.5 × +0.9–1.4 mm +), vegetative propagated by adventitious buds in fruit stage. + + +As a widespread species in +East Asia +, the speciation of + +C. scutata + +has been elucidated. Allotetraploid + +C. scutata + +originated by hybridization between two diploid species, + +C. parviflora + +and + +C. amara +( +Mandáková et al. 2019 +) + +. Based on chloroplast genome data, our study showed that + +C. parviflora + +, + +C. scutata + +, + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +, + +C. amariformis + +formed a highly supported subclade, + +C. parviflora + +located at the base of clade, which supported the results of previous studies. Our analysis also suggested that + +C. scutata + +(2 n = 4 x = 32) may be involved in the speciation of + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +(2 n ≈ 6 x) as hybrid parent according to the ploidy level. + + +Another notable character of + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +is vegetative reproduction by adventitious buds in fruit stage, which is also found in + +C. hupingshanensis + +, an endemic species to Hupingshan Mountains ( +Long 2004 +). From the latter, + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +is readily distinguished by glabrous (vs. hirsute), terminal leaflet of the cauline leaf oblong, not petiole auriculate-amplexicaul at base (vs. reniform or orbicular, petiole auriculate-amplexicaul at base), seed apically narrow wing (vs. wingless), as shown in Table +4 +. + +C. hupingshanensis + +has 2 n = 24. In natural conditions, the reproduction of + +C. hupingshanensis + +relies on adventitious roots growing on each stem node after lodging, indicating that the ploidy level of + +C. hupingshanensis + +is 2 n = 3 x. To further clarify speciation and evolution of karyotype within + +Cardamine + +, studies with comprehensive sampling and seeds germination of + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +are needed. + + + + + + +Comparison of characters of + +C. zhangjiajieensis + +, + +C. circaeoides + +and + +C. scutata + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- +C. zhangjiajieensis + +C. circaeoides + +C. scutata +C. hupingshanensis
Life cyclePerennialperennialannual or biennialperennial
TrichomeGlabrouspiloseglabrous or pilose + +hirsuta + +
Plant height15–40 cm9–36 cm(5 –) 15–50 (– 70) cm30–100 cm
Base of petioleSimpleauriculatesimpleauriculate
No. of lateral leaflet or lobes of the basal leaf(0 –) 1–2 (– 3)0 (– 2)1–40 (rare 1)
Length of terminal leaflet of the basal leaf3–5 cm2–4 cm1.5–2.5 cm4–13 cm
Terminal leaflet of the basal leafOrbicularcordate or ovalreniform or cordatereniform or orbicular
Base of the basal leafTruncatecordatecordatecordate, petiole auriculate-amplexicaul at base
Length of terminal leaflet of the cauline leaf4.5–7 cm1–3.5 cm2–5 cm4–13 cm
Terminal leaflet of the cauline leaforbicular to oblongcordate, ovate to ovate-lanceolateoblong-ovalreniform or orbicular
Base of the cauline leafOvatecuneateovatecordate, petiole auriculate-amplexicaul at base
Margin of cauline leafundulating sinusescrenate or subentireapically sinuses 3–5crenate
Sepals (mm)2.8–3.2 × 1.4–1.92–3.5 × 0.8–1.51.5–2.5 × 0.9–1.45–6 × 3–4
Petals (mm)4.5–6.5 × 2.5–35–7 × 2–2.52.5–4.5 × 1.5–2.58–10 × 7–9
Stamens (mm)1.8–32.5–52–3.53–6
Ovules of ovary18–4020–4220–40Not seen
Seed (mm)1.4–1.6 × 0.9–1.10.8–1.1 × 0.6–0.90.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.91.2–1.8 × 0.9–1.3
Wing of seedapically narrow wingwinglesswith wingwingless
(DNA) ploidy level2 n ≈ 6 x2 n = 2 x = 162 n = 4 x = 322 n = 3 x = 24
+ + + + + +Taxa in phylogenetic analyses. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
GenBank accession numbersSpecimensSpecies name
+NC 026446 +- + +Cardamine resedifolia +L. + +
+ +MT 136871 + +- + +Cardamine quinquefolia +(M. Bieb.) Schmalh. + +
+ +MK 637691 + +- + +Cardamine pentaphyllos + +(L.) Crantz +
+NC 036964 +- + +Cardamine parviflora +L. + +
+NC 036963 +- + +Cardamine oligosperma +Nutt. + +
+ +MZ 043777 + +- + +Cardamine occulta +With. + +
+ +MF 405340 + +- + +Cardamine macrophylla +Willd. + +
+ +MZ 846206 + +- + +Cardamine lyrata +Bunge + +
+ +MK 637684 + +- + +Cardamine kitaibelii +Bech. + +
+NC 026445 +- + +Cardamine impatiens +L. + +
+ +ON 322745 + +- + +Cardamine hupingshanensis +K. M. Liu + +
+ +MK 637681 + +- + +Cardamine hirsuta +L. + +
+ +MN 651504 + +- + +Cardamine heptaphylla +(Vill.) O. E. Schulz + +
+ +MK 637680 + +- + +Cardamine glanduligera +O. Schwarz + +
+ +MZ 043778 + +- + +Cardamine fallax +L. + +
+NC 049605 +- + +Cardamine enneaphyllos + +(L.) Crantz +
+ +OL 634846 + +- + +Cardamine circaeoides +Hook. f. & Thomson + +
+NC 049603 +- + +Cardamine bulbifera + +(L.) Crantz +
+ +MN 651509 + +- + +Cardamine bipinnata + +(C. A. Mey.) O. E. Schulz +
+ +MZ 043776 + +- + +Cardamine amariformis +Maxim. + +
+NC 036962 +- + +Cardamine amara +L. + +
+NC 060863 +- + +Cardamine abchasica +Govaerts + +
+ +KJ 136821 + +- + +Cardamine impatiens +L. + +
+NC 069649 +- + +Rorippa sylvestris + +(L.) Besser +
+NC 065833 +- + +Rorippa indica + +(L.) Hiern +
+PP 114745 + +ZJJ 02 +, Li JL, Zhang C + + +Cardamine zhangjiajieensis + +
+PP 114744 + +Msc 02 +, Li JL, Zhang C + + +Cardamine scutata +Thunb. + +
+PP 719683 + +Zhang 549 +, Zhang C + + +Cardamine anhuiensis + +D. C. Zhang & C. Z. Shao +
+PP 719686 + +Zhang 664 +, Zhang C + + +Cardamine hygrophila +T. Y. Cheo + +& R. C. Fang +
+PP 719685 + +EM 105 +, Li JL, Zhang C + + +Cardamine fragariifolia +O. E. Schulz + +
+PP 719684 + +Msc 05 +, Li JL, Zhang C + + +Cardamine engleriana +O. E. Schulz + +
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file