added BE
This commit is contained in:
maintenance
parent
7c80d68289
commit
20591ad7ae
1545 changed files with 270058 additions and 0 deletions
155
data/BE/EB/0F/BEEB0F8637442467BE732D93C52464D6.xml
Normal file
155
data/BE/EB/0F/BEEB0F8637442467BE732D93C52464D6.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
|
|||
<document id="ABBC1AC28871A1C586A67A5C9BA97F56" ID-CLB-Dataset="35391" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.5936" ID-GBIF-Dataset="94bbf041-7d82-4fe3-a799-5d50e52aed3c" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-33" ID-ZooBank="71689C6BD5AB48CB87858B43999F6379" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1860-0743-1-33" ModsDocOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 92 (1)" ModsDocTitle="Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, with lectotype designations" checkinTime="1456008193476" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Albano, Paolo G. & Bakker, Piet A. J." docDate="2016" docId="BEEB0F8637442467BE732D93C52464D6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 92(1): 33-78" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 92 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.5936" docTitle="Triphora sceptrum Thiele 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFA0F274016EFF989278FFC4FFDAE72F" masterDocTitle="Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum fuer Naturkunde, Berlin, with lectotype designations" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1701374870783" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="235DCE30528F929297A1B3E5A865C680" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="AAFAF8C7D05B9016DA78348563CB43A7">
|
||||
<mods:title id="AE8232662B099DD92F91F993F5A775F2">Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum fuer Naturkunde, Berlin, with lectotype designations</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="403639F8B319213C39FD830ABC83885E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="E928E562CF8B5973C5DF2B52D7B18B5B">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="81BA67E442CEA1AFF39B334925C7C3F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="72FB07B602AFDF9F7C47169E21A13287">Albano, Paolo G.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="42FAE3FE641AE29BB91388927F26BA04" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="B766BC660671E221D4AB8DA8886D1DC9">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="2B14C3ECBDC4BC90B2BE82EB02F663C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="EC5568BBB6391136A73587BCD41105B4">Bakker, Piet A. J.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="9B17A31D2E60D3120BCDAB61B2BBC341">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="874ECDDC71557BFD200673B9F46ED482" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="012442A02CDF9A0764B0CEDAE9C4B319">
|
||||
<mods:title id="65D9F524DAEB0B39D181457C4EDFAE16">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="75671042B91EDE14D88050670AF60320">
|
||||
<mods:date id="26422845B45977782826075DD98145AC">2016</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="BDDBEDEFC15F50D2828BFC237ED27343" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="6DA86E29570C5BA6CD02F8ABD930321E">92</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="15EAD25321BBD9F3B0EB838976A75D87" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="1868459792D044F6C3B28226573631DE">1</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="56DD1BC8A289AE4131330C5E2A00202B" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="91D496A2F589E13E50FE8989A3B18F89">33</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="5E21AE7F9AB66D8764347B11833F98F3">78</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="D04413D1C16CACADF6FEED0F79AA1822">
|
||||
<mods:url id="CE5D36F01B14C85B05CE61A470744293">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.5936</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="B279841616A3BFE813E32FFB99E353ED">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="88642992C7976ECDD5DEBC204D5DC540" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.5936</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="BB51AE8615699F8BF043A130F154F2F5" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-33</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="78F258CFC39148FB8F3BE37F1BA60B5F" type="ZooBank">71689C6BD5AB48CB87858B43999F6379</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="BEEB0F8637442467BE732D93C52464D6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BEEB0F8637442467BE732D93C52464D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BEEB0F8637442467BE732D93C52464D6" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EAFEA30B38672E228D4DD95E37D0B1EE" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CBDAA4C6B6B3E8EC1FB855432D97D8A7" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">Taxon classification Animalia Caenogastropoda Triphoridae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FE53E9208BCC29335F459B53A8214949" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D5723263CB36ED93CB15A6B80A13CE20" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FC49227794F130EF4B4C39636F551B6" ID-CoL="7D77P" authority="Thiele, 1925" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1925" class="Gastropoda" family="Triphoridae" genus="Triphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triphora sceptrum" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sceptrum">Triphora sceptrum Thiele, 1925</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figure 26
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="998404335A16EE24CD69602224BA3E7F" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="97E134C5CF620DD46FC86771AB742F30" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0B5E5CF867653A31D3D79638E83FD6D9" class="Gastropoda" family="Triphoridae" genus="Triphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triphora sceptrum" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sceptrum">Triphora sceptrum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Thiele, 1925: 130-131 (96-97), plate XXII (X), figures 24 and 24a.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0BB5E78CF1C920BA26C7ACB8540D157D" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" type="type specimens">
|
||||
<paragraph id="188367C7154F583A65469E9B910BB09C" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">Type specimens.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4BDE1F3D1920AD18C055727EC9BCA517" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">Lectotype: ZMB/Moll no. 109275, here designated. Paralectotypes A-B: ZMB/Moll no. 109275b-c.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="402495618A394BC53DE0A28F88117103" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D2B91F8D2D66FC371C4FB39590C42309" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2DC32823A0185C48C2FFB5ACD50D9578" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
"Station 242 (6°34,8'
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C305DFC0DF2A0DA5BAF3E84FE1FC5C25" originalValue="südl">suedl</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Br., 39°35,5'
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2E62E18AF6C80547063D73B6506525C8" originalValue="östl">oestl</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. L., 404 m Tiefe, bei Daressalam)" [Dar es Salaam, Tanzania].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F5A3C917153ABFC90B06A0D97CDDDF86" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" type="original description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="133F5ADE370D672979344E91329ACDAD" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">Original description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D403D8BE7709FDCB4260111419627231" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
Drei Schalen von Station 242 (6°34,8'
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="508CCF4DF34027C0972A78BCCAC03A8B" originalValue="südl">suedl</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Br., 39°35,5'
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9621C09913A475D2984C34CEDE3D0D0A" originalValue="östl">oestl</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. L., 404 m Tiefe, bei Daressalam) haben sehr
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BC2C6785FF2049406C22A6D060028C5E" originalValue="ähnliche">aehnliche</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Skulptur, wie die vorige Art [
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="58AE3B8154BF90F832F129B916D01EC8" class="Gastropoda" family="Triphoridae" genus="Triphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triphora regia" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="regia">Triphora regia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
], von der sie sich indessen durch das Fehlen des
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="78C238358AB278DAA2844D910A4B76A8" originalValue="eigentümlichen">eigentuemlichen</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Glanzes, etwas breitere Form und
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C174FCA4EBAAC889C07EE64119E18AB9" originalValue="hauptsächlich">hauptsaechlich</normalizedToken>
|
||||
durch ganz verschiedene Beschaffenheit der Anfangswindungen unterscheiden. Die
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0221342D77935239EC9D971802670A41" originalValue="größte">groesste</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Schale besteht aus 20 langsam zunehmenden Windungen, die ersten sind wie die
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4BEEF854020C1B96F028A5274085DFC1" originalValue="übrige">uebrige</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Schale
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6F01D3E28D96E076379F85115BA769A1" originalValue="weiß">weiss</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, etwas
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="37FEED77186D82E22B78C7A7002C7B71" originalValue="glänzend">glaenzend</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, zuerst ziemlich
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4A4B266F8E63D1C17A25A3635B2E6643" originalValue="groß">gross</normalizedToken>
|
||||
und rundlich, dann gekielt, ohne
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="50140F3928C1972F2C5D1BD120BA1935" originalValue="oberflächliche">oberflaechliche</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Skulptur, die weiteren Windungen zeigen einen etwas welligen Reifen unter der Naht und 2 Reihen starker Knoten, die
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="791BD20AC52A1F709CA907D0E59DAB13" originalValue="schräg">schraeg</normalizedToken>
|
||||
herablaufenden Falten entsprechen; auf der
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="813F74F4FC81A98CAB3377C1B5A9DE2A" originalValue="Rückseite">Rueckseite</normalizedToken>
|
||||
der letzten Windung gehen diese beiden Knotenreihen in einfache Reifen
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B7D5146602D77289C6DB3C960F856F32" originalValue="über">ueber</normalizedToken>
|
||||
und unter jeder schiebt sich noch ein Reifen ein, die untere Kante wird durch einen glatten Reifen bezeichnet, unter dem noch ein weiterer sichtbar ist. Spindelfortsatz ziemlich stark
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C0BDF70C99594C52A49190C4AEFD4065" originalValue="gekrümmt">gekruemmt</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Mundrand oben
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="08399C159B45F13ABDF02417CEDAB1B6" originalValue="zurück">zurueck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, unten vortretend, Kanal nicht abgeschlossen.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="229024DAEEDE8529F01E0B74CB37B72F" originalValue="Höhe">Hoehe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13 mm, Durchmesser 2,5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1F729BB3C88C0F7C6C8980EB2804DC62" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" type="translation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9231390BE0DBFB7C612A6ECF78BF8504" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">Translation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BB0F62F1273419EF78797E05B95C5B5" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
Three shells from station 242 (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="571FA6FE03AE67BBA0BB7864C468AC0B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-6.58">6°34.8'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8B8BAE6898F439FFCA83273461D56956" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="39.591667">39°35.5'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 404 m depth, off Dar es Salaam) have a sculpture very similar to the previous species [
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8FEB89E6A7193817FA2A39BD875D5256" class="Gastropoda" family="Triphoridae" genus="Triphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triphora regia" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="regia">Triphora regia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
], from which it is distinguishable by the absence of its peculiar glossiness, its slightly wider shape and mainly because of the different protoconch. The biggest shell has 20 whorls, which slowly increase in size, the first whorls are white like the rest of the shell, a bit shiny; the first whorl of the protoconch is large and rounded, the following whorls have a spiral keel, without any other sculpture; the teleoconch whorls have one spiral cord under the suture and 2 more rows of tubercles, which lie on prosocline axial ribs; on the back of the last whorl there is an additional spiral cord above and below each of the two main rows of tubercles, the lowest cord becomes smooth and forms an angle with the base, and a further cord is visible below this. The siphonal canal is quite strongly curved, the upper part of the aperture has a sinus, and the peristome protrudes significantly, the siphonal canal is not closed. Height 13 mm, diameter 2.5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0372D4794CAC92F6BC9361E2C5D82A5E" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AD9DA9F0E9646B70C0B48154E0F47453" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1ADC193EDE652D3444C69265DBCE9740" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">Lectotype height 12.7 mm. Shell very slender, conical, with slightly rounded whorls. Teleoconch of 17 whorls, which have three tubercled spiral cords well visible since the very first teleoconch whorls. A very fine suprasutural smooth cord is also present. The last whorl has a fourth smooth cord, the base has a further fine smooth cord. On the last whorl a further almost smooth spiral cord is present between the second and the third. An ample posterior siphonal canal is present. The protoconch is paucispiral and composed of three whorls: the first is smooth, while the other two have a single prominent spiral keel. Colour white.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37AC112998F6F54C062490AA1309755" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="008E728C77F35780D3485BAFD854AF25" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D04073CFBDEE9A9E35E780E54B636A71" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
It can be easily distinguished from the previous
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="78D2C8F3165305FC1D265BE0317D3A09" class="Gastropoda" family="Triphoridae" genus="Triphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triphora regia" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="regia">Triphora regia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because of the paucispiral protoconch.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="81539D22F1420441DA1459511899FCD4" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A77B756D1F34B83DAE47D4D7CCF7B7D2" pageId="26" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
Figure 26.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="81784E66F156C272525B3AC36D44DDD7" class="Gastropoda" family="Triphoridae" genus="Triforis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triforis sceptrum" pageId="26" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sceptrum">Triforis sceptrum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Thiele, 1925, Station 242 (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7DEF49C754B0BE207649C662A67E6A66" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-6.58">6°34.8'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1FE66C1EC809B4D4617428E9CDE70DDF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="39.591667">39°35.5'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 404 m depth, off Dar es Salaam). A-C, H-K. Lectotype, ZMB/Moll no. 109275a: front (A), left side (B), back (C), protoconch (H-I), peristome (J-K). D-F. Paralectotype A, ZMB/Moll no. 109275b: front (D), left side (E), back (F). G. Original figure in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="95F03C29D24045831B6B94F552DDECF3" author="Thiele, J" journalOrPublisher="Gastropoda der DeutschenTiefsee-Expedition. II. Teil. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899" pageId="33" pageNumber="66" volume="17" year="1925">Thiele 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. L. Original label. Scale bar: A-F: 2 mm, H-I: 0.3 mm, J-K: 0.6 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
557
data/BE/EB/21/BEEB21DCD3D16D918751B4C2C08AF936.xml
Normal file
557
data/BE/EB/21/BEEB21DCD3D16D918751B4C2C08AF936.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,557 @@
|
|||
<document id="D06F1B571ABB09A9D6EDF9D406463AD5" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2f66036b-e6bd-4234-aebf-079c02a2dcdc" ModsDocAuthor="Kropf, C." ModsDocDate="1990" ModsDocID="Kropf1990Comaroma" ModsDocOrigin="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/Kropf1990Comaroma/Kropf1990Comaroma.pdf" ModsDocTitle="Comaroma is an anapid spider (Arachnidae, Araneae, Anapidae)" checkinTime="1366523084386" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Kropf, C." docDate="1990" docId="BEEB21DCD3D16D918751B4C2C08AF936" docLanguage="en" docName="Kropf1990Comaroma.xml" docOrigin="Verh. naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg (NF) 31" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/Kropf1990Comaroma/Kropf1990Comaroma.pdf" docTitle="Comaroma" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="201" masterDocId="33DD32AF84B180846EB24F45E3BA312A" masterDocTitle="Comaroma is an anapid spider (Arachnidae, Araneae, Anapidae)" masterLastPageNumber="203" masterPageNumber="185" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1701280319279" updateUser="admin">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="93DD7C47F0B18F72552C9F1EBFCDD762" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="6FD0D6F13AB2C58292A076252EE73A7D">
|
||||
<mods:title id="79F5D80660F21B31362A03200A404226">Comaroma is an anapid spider (Arachnidae, Araneae, Anapidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="0068DE2BE3BDB8D260BA72478665060E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="12E5BA625F36644C8CFC8D3354C65129">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="775D9D02306A6A027A0BE130ADBA8BB9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="F35200D1EF91DFB1EFC336AFD358EB13">Kropf, C.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="CFB64CFFE974F017AB8B953595586990">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="C13C7617403A1F800C995276804D1E6A" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="EB4B1D28621FA291271516928CEC0A82">
|
||||
<mods:title id="880F8BB112D9F1F0BD97528856335439">Verh. naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg (NF)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="DC4372225AAEBE9D40EB6160179639EF">
|
||||
<mods:date id="81C67DED4C734C135E156F9EF696B7C6">1990</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="C00EB384BA07FE9CD2FB5001656DFAC3" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="9E05F7BC9CFC9D5E3A3697A6BE9A4061">31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="94EB5B682F7861013EECB6FE9381AF37" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="50418B386F8F691431B348458A860A49">185</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="B2E93D220D9A9B7947E8775C132ADE17">203</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="6DE493DB9446427DE6EB3A3DA930EB9B">
|
||||
<mods:url id="D1733837EF63F7743D340C61D9CB22A5">http://antbase.org/ants/publications/Kropf1990Comaroma/Kropf1990Comaroma.pdf</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="2579576A54B888F3133902D3C04C7265">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="C25ECC81F85294FB2E8559D039EE140A" type="Plazi-Custom">Kropf1990Comaroma</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="BEEB21DCD3D16D918751B4C2C08AF936" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6281998" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100107974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6281998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BEEB21DCD3D16D918751B4C2C08AF936" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BEEB21DCD3D16D918751B4C2C08AF936" lastPageNumber="201" pageNumber="188">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="32EC2D055464EED24222BA15B8B4DB8C" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4E91A517A47EB4F0B5A03EC572B48FA1" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="mainText">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2B7FF1D2943D13F38B59594FCE15EEBD" ID-CoL="3SQM" ID-ENA="1112511" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FE1A9C0965AD674368ACCDFB76E292EF" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7C2DC6959EB8BD666183736BEE72DDC7" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="mainText">I. Labrum and gnathocoxae</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E538D0C34D3CBEBA6C9A514EFF0F978" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="mainText">
|
||||
1.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="358BD5A75C2F9B1C2CA96C8F94C592EE" authorityName="Bertkau" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
|
||||
Comaroma simoni
|
||||
<authority id="55F54970C699685EC573E7A17FFD982F">Bertkau</authority>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 1889
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="38D609323B77093A4EBB7A3E6549DAB1" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="mainText">The labrum connecting the gnathocoxae in front of the mouth opening bears a large sclerite on its anterior wall, projecting forward to the bases of the chelicerae (Fig. 1). The surrounding cuticle of the labrum is not as heavily sclerotized as the sclerite, but is extraordinarily thick.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2CEB2AAB5F733C9E16F06DC2C34A9540" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="mainText">
|
||||
Frontal sections through the labrum of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F6050C0D087D0A9FFCBA4EE1172A62D" authorityName="Theridiidae" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||||
Theridion pallens (
|
||||
<authority id="079C9FE5E9277906118E73FD567B9C17">Theridiidae</authority>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="450FD9212D45CC480801D482CA3A3B44" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anapistula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. A (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D8261EA204E42917F5ADCCCD1CB3288E" family="Symphytognathidae" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) show that the cuticle in these two species is normally developed and that there is no distinct sclerite on the anterior wall.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="09217D660FB54EF56F6700404AD42061" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="mainText">A pair of muscles, the dilator muscles of the pharynx (M6 according to the usage of Marples 1983) inserts near the middle of the sclerite and extends to the lateral corners of the pharynx. A second, very fine pair of muscles (M3 as per the usage of Marples), probably extending from the middle rim of the pharynx to the middle of the sclerite, could not be clearly distinguished.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0354869935A05771264D083CCE2926BB" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="mainText">The sclerite itself has a remarkable structure. A small cavity with some minute, cuticular bristle-like pins just outside its entrance lies on its ventral side (Fig. 2), so that the cavity is covered by the sclerite. No communication has been found between the cavity and the lumen of the labrum. The ventral border of the sclerite is less highly sclerotized, which gives it a ragged appearance.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3E8B8A35F38C951ED82D77339CD717A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="mainText">A group of longitudinal cells running to the sclerite lies directly behind the sclerite in the inner space of the labrum (Fig. 3). Fine ducts running through the sclerite and probably belonging to these cells have also been found.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="968868782D061C975A53A42E095ACFA1" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8DB3E1E83A5F0E1F057FDCBE874C52B8" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="caption">
|
||||
Fig. 1-2: Labral sclerite of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E0F8B4F2A4763141AFBE9A670E79A216" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. - 1) Frontal view; 2) Ventral view showing a cavity with cuticular pins in front of it.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="E6B28BD1DB262A0681C1E7841E7D6C6F" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C56FB97C39FA3B8F9198C269A3B0C57D" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="caption">
|
||||
Fig. 3-4: Frontal sections of the mouthparts of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="991AB8B05F513767CA62B97E345F29D9" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. - 3) Labrum, showing longitudinal cells behind the labral sclerite (arrow); 4) Labrum and gnathocoxae, showing dorsal labrum compressor muscle (white arrow) and processes of the gnathocoxa (black arrows).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="25E3C27149AA2B2C74AC6A89EFE48FE2" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="mainText">The gnathocoxae bear two processes on their inner sides (Fig. 4). One is closely connected to the labium and in this way forms a rigid wall behind the mouth opening and the pharynx. The second process serves as an insertion point for the dorsal labrum compressor muscle (M9 as per Marples).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EC0E82925814C7CD1AA76B3908F305EC" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="mainText">
|
||||
2.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A92AE297A95CF2F945E8B8124D1556E3" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sp.A">Pseudanapis sp. A</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E39DAF5AF5FB9C8D34299F8DE245005D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" type="mainText">
|
||||
The labrum is heavily sclerotized and is connected with the gnathocoxae, in this way forming a sclerotized wall in front of the mouth opening and the pharynx. The gnathocoxae themselves are not separate, as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40981309640DD8939B7F240579602F83" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but are fused with the sternum and the labium so that there is also a sclerotized wall behind the mouth opening. The labral spur of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4AFFB94384624CBDED61C8E26A45810B" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a large sclerite, which is not fused with the sclerotized labrum but connected to it all round by a narrow membranous area (Fig. 5). In its ventral parts the sclerite covers the labrum almost totally. The course of the muscle M6 (as per Marples) is the same as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D63EDDB858CF8FF51544EF4EBCCF5B02" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from the sclerite to the lateral corners of the pharynx. The muscle M3 (as per Marples) is very fine and runs from the middle rim of the pharynx to the sclerite, forming a
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="329E2D862F296A22A51DC8C895FEA113" originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
with its tip at the pharynx.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="30A9E4306A62F08FB6655095863FED2E" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||||
<paragraph id="595A8465E452C989B86AF97B0F8D2954" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="caption">
|
||||
Fig. 5-6: Labrum of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="604536E400DD72536B316E2204014BB3" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. A. - 5) Frontal section, showing narrow membranous area around the labral sclerite (arrows); 6) Labral sclerite, ventrolateral view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C0310D0170916FC1A323B901E62112CF" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="mainText">
|
||||
The structure of the sclerite, projecting forward between the bases of the chelicerae and covering a small cavity with some cuticular pins in front of it, is basically the same as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A41DE579DBAD252E3F17449BA87B93C8" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 6). Abundant cells filling the inner space of the labrum and with narrow ducts running through the sclerite were found.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="116A5875BD6FE8FD2537A02F1DA35793" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="mainText">II. Epigynum and vulva</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="26F76E529C5C149E821E79E3AC928C93" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="mainText">
|
||||
1.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7F59DF7574049017DF91E5CAA8B53455" authorityName="The" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Comaroma simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D19E033E53A3B911209297E52941F04B" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="mainText">
|
||||
<authority id="AD6190CA467D75BEF5E408F3092E37EF">The</authority>
|
||||
epigynum, from the ventral aspect, is a simple plate with no external openings, so that the embolus has to penetrate through the epigastric furrow. It is not possible to recognize the border between the epigynum and the large ventral scutum, which is characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0F02664CD564329973A739E6851D1644" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and also surrounds the pedicel but not the epigastric furrow. The inner (dorsal) view of the epigynum shows a narrow slit approximating to a letter
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2437A0CE3A61307A332CFDD39759ED12" originalValue="“W”">"W"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in shape (Fig. 7).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="43B5F3B5815896AF693BF3B59D5368AC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="mainText">The heavily sclerotized vulva shining through the ventral scutum shows two receptacula seminis, which are globular or slightly dumbbell-shaped (Fig. 8). The ducts are not clearly visible, so that cross sections were necessary to clarify their courses (Fig. 9). The localizations of the numbered sections are shown in Fig. 9a. A section through the frontal region of the vulva, shortly behind the receptacula, shows that two ducts are connected by a fine slit (Fig. 9b). This means that there is in fact only one duct, which is functionally divided into a smaller dorsal and a larger ventral portion. A little further back the slit appears S-shaped, so that the division between the two portions of the duct is more perfect (Fig. 9c). In this region the ventral portions of the ducts begin to come nearer to each other towards the midline. Behind this region the dorsal portions lose contact with the slit and terminate in dead ends. They do not have any connection with the uterus externus. From this region on, the ventral portions appear as fine slits (Fig. 9d). In the most strongly sclerotized region of the vulva the dorsal parts of the remaining slits show a curved retrolateral course. The uterus externus begins to appear sclerotized and slightly beyond this the vulval parts (not yet the ducts) communicate by way of a weakly sclerotized connection with the uterus (Fig. 9e). Shortly beyond this region again, the dorsal parts of the ducts run into the uterus (Fig. 9f). This aperture marks the beginning (or the most frontal part) of the epigyneal slit (Fig. 7). The ventrolateral parts of the uterus externus are sclerotized and can be seen in the dorsal view as two cone-shaped sclerotizations (Fig. 8, arrows). Shortly after this the uterus forms a small dorsal pocket, from which lateral connections to the lumen of the uterus soon arise (Fig. 9g). The heavily sclerotized parts of the vulva are now connected in the middle. The ventral portions of the ducts run slightly dorsad and towards the midline (Fig. 9g). Further back the ventral portions of the ducts unite at the point where the connection of each to the uterus begins (Fig. 9h). This marks the tip in the middle of the W-shaped epigyneal slit (Fig. 7). The pocket of the uterus can no longer be seen. Near the epigastric furrow the uterus becomes connected to the ventral scutum (Fig. 9i) and appears to be heavily sclerotized shortly before the posterior end of the epigyneal slit and beyond it (Fig. 9k).</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="05F3A37F0E5AA89AEE9F97AEF607FB06" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3E3B3266576FE240605675788B7F5F25" pageId="7" pageNumber="192" type="caption">
|
||||
Fig. 7-8: Female genitalia of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD0C74EFB3BADCBBE6025B4685936C60" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. - 7) Epigynum, dorsal (inner) view, showing
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7654501812CEF39A91C97A246DF1C370" originalValue="“W”">"W"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
-like slit; 8) Vulva, dorsal view. Arrows: Ventrolateral sclerotizations of the uterus externus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="3B3886128C97E2BDF76A4B4E88499427" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B9E1BC9B026367CFC52E443C5B774742" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" type="caption">
|
||||
Fig. 9: Vulva of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5162D3A9B2F4392FD401991279355545" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. - a) Localizations of figured cross sections; b) - k) Cross sections in different regions of the vulva. Black coloured: Heavily sclerotized. Punctuated: Weakly sclerotized.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="90F34F810859F1E6451C2C4EF7AB1241" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" type="mainText">
|
||||
2.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1A5075DA0719551E1F03FF0C2C33AD18" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sp.A">Pseudanapis sp. A</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9F4EB4AA1487263B820BF409F988ABAF" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" type="mainText">The vulva is heavily sclerotized and shows a pair of receptacula and a clearly distinguishable copulatory duct. The fertilization duct is clearly visible only near the epigastric furrow, where it runs medially and opens into the uterus. Cross sections show that the fertilization duct is connected with the copulatory duct by a fine slit (Fig. 10) for a long way, from its origin at the receptaculum to the point where it branches off to the uterus.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="108A71BA00BDE007117B8D5430A90267" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D0FB38A324EA9EB9D581A54D16902CC8" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" type="caption">
|
||||
Fig. 10: Cross section of the anterior part of the vulva of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="72B4611BD2928518A0768A3B6F40EA62" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. A.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="136724CBEBDBD8E426F1EFC9325069D3" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="mainText">III. Depressions on the prosoma</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E80CCA7F620D702D4E3D31A0ED8486A8" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="mainText">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C4591016907A5E8A65A97C27B75D29B4" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Comaroma simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shows circular depressions on the prosoma, which show a single pore on the base (Fig. 11). These depressions are found over the entire sternum, on the pleurae and along the lateral border of the tergum, except in the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A54230A7D1CC637DAAB3538135CDFA22" originalValue="‘cephalic’">'cephalic'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
region. The most anteriorly situated depressions occur on the lateral margin of the tergum just above the gnathocoxae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="4B9B334F4CDDED2558C5BB34BCC2E91B" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B093632EA358A74B74E630323403C4D5" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="caption">
|
||||
Fig. 11: Pore-bearing depression from the prosoma of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="49B776D5F7E9AADB5B8F12AA2E79A7A1" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C2892AAC61B402DD897CCAC9DB8FA4C0" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="mainText">IV. Male palpus</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7185D27DEBEEFBAD8EE02AFDCF4B945B" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="mainText">
|
||||
The male palpal cymbium of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E1BC1A52BEEA6C95CC35E866D555126" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
bears a small but distinct distal-retrolateral paracymbium (see Thaler 1978, Fig. 4). A tarsal organ is present. The bristles of the cymbium are of the serrate hair-type, with the exception of one distal row of hairs that appear smooth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0C4DB3D0BFEBA54354BAFF568075466F" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="mainText">
|
||||
The bulb of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="71E7C4F9037C45D5C30FD8AC49F83019" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
consists of a large proximal haematodocha, a disc-like subtegulum, a smaller median haematodocha, a voluminous tegulum that bears several membranous and sclerotized elements, a distal haematodocha and an embolus (Fig. 12-17). Through the sclerotized wall of the tegulum the spermophor can be seen. It shows glandular pores, except in the fundus region and in the most distal parts, throughout its course. It ends within the subtegulum. Sections through the tegulum show that its inner space is filled with glandular systems.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A8D9C50C76114C2B774CE5F330B9B62E" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="mainText">On the ventral side of the bulb there is a large, striking, grey-coloured (alcohol-preserved material!) and spoon-shaped apophysis, which extends distally into a long twisted end and has a light area in the middle, where it can possibly be bent. At its base it bears a conspicuous spur, which varies a little in shape. Near this spur there is a small knob on the tegulum, which may be pointed to a greater or lesser degree.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="84D703CB86F1F93B5763CA30D28EC339" pageId="9" pageNumber="194">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D27B78921A66DFB5D305C2C80EEB6BD9" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" type="caption">
|
||||
Fig. 12-14: Male palpus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EC9EB2849EBE0B849F2D2EC67D223E1D" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, normal position. - 12) Ventral view; 13) Prolateral view; 14) Retrolateral view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5CD6FB92A24179AEEC09E16A6F75AA13" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" type="mainText">Between the large grey apophysis and the embolus a longish, thin membranous process inserts distally; this is hard to see (Fig. 12). The distal haematodocha bears small pegs (Fig. 18). On the retrolateral side of the distal haematodocha lies the sphenoid base of the embolus, which shows a blunt tip (Fig. 13). The embolus is black and pliable and bears a small, transparent hook near its tip (Fig. 12, 14-16).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F84069DB80D5D98D2A6156E11951B174" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" type="mainText">The palpal tibia bears a small, plate-like distal process (Fig. 19). The other segments of the palp do not bear any processes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="62627FDD9AF1DF604EB38D7C841AF75F" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" type="mainText">
|
||||
Artificial expansion of the bulb (Fig. 15-17) shows that at the beginning the distal haematodocha is expanded. Because of this, the small pegs of the haematodocha become erect and the embolus and the large grey apophysis move in a distal direction (Fig. 15). The basal haematodocha then expands. Thus, the whole bulb moves in a distal-retrolateral direction and rotates on its longer axis. The right bulb rotates clockwise (seen from behind), and the left bulb, counter-clockwise. Finally, the median haematodocha expands, some time before the expansion of the basal haematodocha is complete. The median haematodocha presses the tegulum away from the subtegulum until the two sclerites touch in the fundus region only (Fig. 17). Therefore, the tegulum and the distal sclerites move backwards in a prolateral direction, so that the longer axis of the bulb, which was formerly at an oblique angle to the longer axis of the cymbium in the retrolateral direction, appears at the end of the expansion as an extension of the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4F9F5F98144500D23B359D6E1F21C492" originalValue="cymbium’s">cymbium's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer axis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2940A45533AF45D508217E296245DE05" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" type="mainText">The expanded basal haematodocha shows two weakly sclerotized elements shining through. One more element is a part of the subtegulum and projects towards the alveolus (Fig. 17). In the expanded palp the alveolus is also visible. It is situated in the proximal-prolateral region of the cymbium (Fig. 16).</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="285ABDE1F474E18864E660919D746AC0" pageId="10" pageNumber="195">
|
||||
<paragraph id="09CAC57B0E0F067C41F767A030BB6D8A" pageId="10" pageNumber="195" type="caption">Fig. 15-17: Various aspects of artificially expanded right bulbs from three different specimens.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ED6D18804C8574CC644257CB2DF965AE" pageId="10" pageNumber="195" type="mainText">
|
||||
The only possible function of the paracymbium seems to be to fix the subtegulum while the median haematodocha is expanding. The expanded median haematodocha also fixes the subtegulum, by pressing it in a proximal direction. I have observed such a process only twice, despite observing more than twenty expansions. No other variant of internal arrest was ever observed. On "normal
|
||||
<sup id="DC6436BFB9E1974F0F6AFFBA00A219EB" pageId="10" pageNumber="195">55</sup>
|
||||
artificial expansion no function of the paracymbium was recognizable and the subtegulum passed the paracymbium closely (Fig. 15, 17). The reason for this could be the absence of back-pressure of the female epigynum in the experiment.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EBD0ED1C65232ACBB306F4E81AFD8258" pageId="10" pageNumber="195">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6417545640047F43B49D64F61CAB6005" pageId="10" pageNumber="195" type="caption">Fig. 18-19: Details of the male palpus. - 18) Pegs, situated on the distal haematodocha; 19) Plate-like apophysis of the palpal tibia (arrow).</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FF7CA232838707881166ED22B08279CE" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" type="mainText">V. Tarsal comb setae</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9B7D8F4CCA58F98EAE8BC34F818F34F6" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" type="mainText">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="93086FDC5EE28CF10BE493BADBCDB4FC" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
bears several rows of serrate bristles on the ventral side of all tarsi and distal metatarsi (Kropf in press). The investigated specimens of the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09B9200928FE75E8940AE292333CBF71" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Latrodectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Latrodectus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4B3247B3E8A2913E50A28D0D587A643B" higher="Achaearanea" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" rank="higher">Achaearanea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8CB7BDD67D7FD2950FC94A98EEC9D720" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theridion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E0B332A3F42194FBFA31E45D333BADC6" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Episinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42C0ADD9998DE4EA5CD393741CD14EE5" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Steatoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Steatoda</taxonomicName>
|
||||
show a single row of strong bristles with S-shaped teeth on the ventral side (Fig. 20). The serrate bristles of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="478EA6606A6E9386EA628157A44DDA8A" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Enoplognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enoplognatha</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D02965DFD7DAD21D88AA90DBF233DF14" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Robertus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Robertus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species are similar to those of the genera named above, but the teeth on the bristles are not curved. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="61A8C15492C6EEEE6AD098AD43E793FC" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Robertus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Robertus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the bristles have extraordinarily long tips. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="023F6FB84F130C2E796F785698F09364" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Euryopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euryopis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species, which use no capture-webs, the teeth are reduced in size, except in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1111105E1DB5D957EA98A2F49FB14A1F" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Euryopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">E. laeta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is remarkable for its strong teeth. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BCB287A0AF44EA5649A4B0BD79624B5E" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theonoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theonoe</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2B2EECE5C9DC1EB623FB6935666AA005" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Crustulina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crustulina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the serrate bristles have strong teeth on the ventral side (Fig. 21).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AA89B751F9594F44DC360A05C5FC7751" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pholcomma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="16DFDB4DE7D84CBC7B08D5815AA927B1" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Dipoena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dipoena</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 22) have bristles that differ from all other theridiid bristles (as far as investigated) in having many teeth on all sides. The teeth on the ventral side of the bristles are the biggest, especially in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="329A9D94075923F6FAA928979896026B" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Dipoena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dipoena</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="18DA9AEDE7A97F8997514BF0689B72BD" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theonoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theonoe</taxonomicName>
|
||||
there are additional thinner bristles, which also bear large teeth. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5C436CE41AF2F2B07496FE872A7D6AC5" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pholcomma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the differences between the ventral bristles and other bristles found on the tarsus are not striking, so that there is no distinct single row of "comb setae". In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B32B348C99EE067298B322D20758172B" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Dipoena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dipoena</taxonomicName>
|
||||
there are several rows of
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7DA7E63AB84A17EE3F4D210DE4E3E82E" originalValue="“serrate”">"serrate"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
bristles on tarsus IV, and similar, but thinner, bristles are also found on metatarsus IV. In all other species the serrate bristles are arranged in a single row and on the tarsus only.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6B4D8D02030B25DA826B378173BE2511" type="multiple">
|
||||
<caption id="BA3C1F80FDE3217128B47C503828DA47" pageId="11" pageNumber="196">
|
||||
<paragraph id="62F896F0AA2504578C2962723620E4DE" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" type="caption">
|
||||
Fig. 20-22: Tarsi IV of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73583FA95404A34927565F5C39DE1B22" family="Theridiidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. - 20) Serrate bristles of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B9D253F30369823943AD59FCCEE8D008" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Latrodectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Latrodectus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp., ventral view; 21)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4C632C6D9C86EDDFA0F7BC34EDA6AA6" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theonoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">Theonoe minutissima</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, lateral view; 22)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="44EBDC77C80551D2919302106DA38122" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Dipoena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coracina">Dipoena coracina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, lateral view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D73A2723518CCC0DA95FCAACDA012CF1" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3CB580ACA46A7CCF2A20FD3074B84420" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" type="mainText">D. Discussion</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8245828FB080AF3C058521831E16CE57" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" type="mainText">1. Labrum</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="885568130363B04CB7FFCA3D025214A8" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" type="mainText">
|
||||
The labral spur of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="88C5C4361B65DCA74407B0891B42A3D8" family="Anapidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has never been described in detail
|
||||
<sup id="73B80FA2D310A600BC9F2EC426EFFA20" pageId="12" pageNumber="197">1</sup>
|
||||
. In my opinion, the labral spur in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7CE1799082CEC7B134D36E51093F0964" family="Anapidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the labral sclerite in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8B0D93781E87AE7B62DD8B4174A1B27A" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are homologous, although the sclerite is not a
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B1224FC1A807839C43BCB19F7AB05382" originalValue="“spur”">"spur"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="03EC6BAA0DD0B1B31CA54A9DCBF1B0CE" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but appears to be only vaulted forwards. The arguments are: (1) Both sclerites, that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="76E04E94EB5A2DC851C3476FB1802F11" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2CDAEAAE064A2A8E5C65085A2657E53F" family="Anapidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are situated in the same place. (2) Both sclerites appear as separate structures on the anterior wall of a more or less sclerotized labrum (at least in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C04C1A5AD40D943CF6B49FCAC05B100" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Comaroma simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="96F48FA973E3EF421F66ABD6DD52C8DB" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. A) and project forward. (3) The pharynx dilator muscle, M6 (as per Marples 1983), inserts in the same manner on both sclerites. (4) Behind both sclerites there lies a more or less extended cell group (glands?) in the lumen of the labrum, and fine ducts run through the sclerites. (5) Both sclerites cover a small cavity with chitinous pins just outside it.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="319DDA79D4E2F5DD06382A85CEE15AA9" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" type="mainText">
|
||||
The labrum does not seem to be sclerotized in all anapids, because Platnick & Forster (in press) have described unfused gnathocoxae in the New Zealand genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="75B0CC9704EA71F9EBBE73DC26F09FA3" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Zealanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zealanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(generic name not yet available). The labral spur in this genus must therefore also be a separate sclerite.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="65BC349545A4342B3E651F06CE919480" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" type="mainText">
|
||||
The labral sclerite of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="399164DCF851D7ECBC46F92C97BDE9C6" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B1AF2397347AA8EA71D4760414B40F82" family="Anapidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cannot function as an insertion point for the pharynx dilator muscles alone, because these muscles are also found in spiders of many other families. As the labral sclerite fits well between the bases of the chelicerae, an additional function of the sclerite could be the fixation of the chelicerae in the normal position. At the moment it is not possible to say whether the cell group behind the sclerite is homologous to the labral gland (rostral gland), which seems to be present in most
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA414764FB5D43C5845ADB92B472D73C" higher="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" rank="higher">
|
||||
Araneae
|
||||
<taxonNameAuthority id="7F3BC05BE14D312A9FE15EEF76C0E9E0">(Snodgrass 1948).</taxonNameAuthority>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8266332755C18DE806EBB8F9247FA0F3" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" type="mainText">
|
||||
Xiphosura and most Arachnida show a median plate on the labrum, the epistome (Snodgrass 1948), which was described by Whitehead & Rempel (1959: 835) as a "sclerotized plate on the anterior wall of the labrum, connecting the two palpal coxae" in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2C285936D743D424B63214B1D819184E" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Latrodectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mactans">
|
||||
Latrodectus mactans
|
||||
<taxonNameAuthority id="5C0599DA27C426E6C4FB63018842DB01">(Fabricius, 1775).</taxonNameAuthority>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Because of the insertion of the median pharynx dilators on the epistome (Whitehead & Rempel 1959), which correspond to the M3 as per Marples (1983), the epistome is, in my opinion, homologous to the anapid labral spur. The fact that the lateral pharynx dilators (M6) originate in orthognaths on the epistome (Meyer 1981) and in anapids on the labral sclerite supports this assumption.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4B81F2874A9FE68C9E8261574790155F" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" type="mainText">
|
||||
Thus, as it seems most unlikely that a sclerite with the same quality has evolved on two separate occasions from a simple epistomeal plate, I regard
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A279587E152F1753F51BEE566DC2B798" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a genus of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39555DD5174356604FD5843F640346C9" family="Anapidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It should be mentioned here that Forster & Platnick (1984) described a pair of lateral protuberances on the labrum of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A64255A1347E6983A9B1FF9F1C3A66B" authorityName="sensu Forster & Platnick" family="Archaeidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" rank="family">
|
||||
Archaeidae
|
||||
<authority id="771DF7283D90724063CBF43CF9BFB50C">sensu Forster & Platnick</authority>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="70800F0025EB34AC014200C7B5E0301C" family="Mecysmaucheniidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" rank="family">Mecysmaucheniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Simon, which should be reconsidered in respect of their possible homology to the anapid labral sclerite.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="45609CADE61822878A026376DBFBA577" pageId="12" pageNumber="197" type="mainText">
|
||||
<sup id="D0814131E51E578C22F7112BBFD9FFCA" pageId="12" pageNumber="197">1</sup>
|
||||
Wunderlich (1976, 1986, 1988) described it falsely as a spur of the "labium
|
||||
<sup id="F335E7CDA67EDB982C926DEFA05E1D94" pageId="12" pageNumber="197">55</sup>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D254AE575E793F8D8D097C3067BE1334" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" type="mainText">2. Vulva</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="75D1D5A4AAEEDED8D1967B5A8B2B2447" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" type="mainText">
|
||||
The conformity of the vulval structure between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="33DCDDA78382B480BA7CA1DB67D76E10" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0F244F3BDFF1945F72D78518E07F0752" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
- a single duct functionally divided into two ducts at least in the anterior region of the vulva - could be an additional character of at least some anapids. But the decision as to whether this vulval structure is a synapomorphy or not is very difficult. Unfortunately, the vulval structures of other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1ABB190BCEC999630FD76CB2120FBDA3" family="Anapidae" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and their possible relatives are not sufficiently well known and could sometimes have been misinterpreted, as in the case of the fertilization duct in the vulva of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4706838071DBA04B48241FDF708243D" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which has been illustrated by Wiehle (1960a, Fig. 137).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A33D6558B42545946260E26B90FF727F" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" type="mainText">
|
||||
An outgroup comparison, if possible at all, indicates that the functionally bipartite duct is synapomorphic for anapids; it seems to be unique among spiders. But problems remain: Wiehle (1967) described a semientelegyne type of vulvae in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6A1F7D95E584F51128B6F8313FF4A47E" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Meta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Meta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which he characterized as an entelegyne type of vulvae without fertilization ducts. In contrast to semientelegyne vulvae, haplogyne vulvae show receptacula that are derivatives of the uterus externus (Wiehle 1967). Brignoli (1978) assumed that the evolution of internal female genitalia had proceeded from a condition found in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D90A9FF698D755715F3D91E309CBBDF7" genus="Orthognatha" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" rank="genus">Orthognatha</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A0612EC16558D060391ECC8C0E872D22" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Haplogynae">Haplogynae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to the semientelegyne, and further to the entelegyne type with fertilization ducts. Kraus (1984b) expressed the opinion that the semientelegyne vulva was more primitive than the entelegyne vulva. The selective pressure to develop coupling mechanisms occured with the development of complicated webs and copulation in the web or on special capture-threads (Levi 1961; Kraus 1984b).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5606356F77FED042587DDF774057C7BD" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" type="mainText">As a functional separation of former bifunctional ducts (guiding of the embolus on the one hand and of sperm on the other hand) allows safeguarding and improvement of the two functions, it seems sensible to me to consider the semientelegyne type as phylogenetically older than the entelegyne type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BCFF2009D7E1668504C389EC9D6B691" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" type="mainText">
|
||||
On the other hand, the question arises as to why
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1728798884807D2951131D0205E8DAE3" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a separate fertilization duct in the posterior region of the vulva, while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2D8356CE03D79E07E777788D46D4266" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the dorsal portions of the bipartite ducts which seem to be homologous to the fertilization ducts of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7F3B36E5A4AE92BBAA44A5427948C316" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, terminate in dead ends. Were they secondarily reduced?
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A135C5E0C0B3F3BBD58A734E85F6082D" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" type="mainText">However, the anapid arrangement of vulval ducts can be taken as a model, suggesting what the transition from the semientelegyne to the entelegyne type of vulvae could have looked like. If the bifunctional duct of anapid vulvae is indeed such a transition type, it can hardly be regarded as an apomorphic character.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A57230C5BFC0710F3ECF938D3507BE92" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" type="mainText">Forster (1980: 278) demonstrated a concept on the evolution of the entelegyne vulva: "The ultimate form of female genitalia is the entelegyne structure in which the original bursal openings apparently migrate beyond the gonopore onto the external surface of the abdomen and a new duct - the fertilization duct - develops..." This concept allows the additional assumption that the fertilization duct has developed by separation from the original bifunctional duct.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5A600DC917F0F89902E77E8203FFA68E" pageId="13" pageNumber="198" type="mainText">
|
||||
There are illustrations of internal female genitalia in the anapid literature that show separate fertilization ducts originating from the receptaculum (e.g. Hickman 1944; Brignoli 1968, 1981). On the other hand Platnick & Forster (in press) reported haplogyne female genitalia in many anapid genera, saying that they found neither external epigyneal openings nor separate fertilization ducts. As the term
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="25DD81430449F14A22948F11C09036E2" originalValue="“haplogyne”">"haplogyne"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
is not always used in the same strict sense as it is used by Wiehle (e.g. Forster 1980), these vulvae could be semientelegyne in Wiehle 's sense or perhaps represent a type I have found in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B28A514DFA87AD4D2E0423795A787E1" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B0AFE01B6FD4C8066B2F07700BDAD813" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pseudanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Further studies on anapid vulvae would be most useful.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E3367F4B0FF53D5D26F184A4CB1632AB" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" type="mainText">3. Depressions on the prosoma</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="55E3BA4C1A62DB2C1C1892D5B15181F6" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" type="mainText">
|
||||
Platnick & Forster (1986: 3) proposed a second synapomorphy of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9F3E8FB1E70CCB92E709E3BE4124504A" family="Anapidae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a pair of pore-bearing depressions on the lateral margin of the tergum above the gnathocoxae, which they described as "widespread among the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="72F36DA646418158C660F685AB30FA54" family="Anapidae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
". The same authors (Platnick & Forster, in press) noted that in the Chilean genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7B9A0E3BF5C208FF9ECA835030324D75" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Pecanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pecanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09664BA7564CA39F03C2D4EBF1A000B9" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Minanapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Minanapis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(generic names not yet available) these depressions were lacking. Perhaps the described circular depressions on the prosoma of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EE626FDF644ECA8E6DD4EF951EFD8337" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are homologous with those in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CDE4F24509A54C97B621A12369E23FEA" family="Anapidae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but as long as we do not know anything about the function of these depressions no further conclusions are possible.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F34D47B5B1D12131F4D0AFFC6C79706E" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" type="mainText">4. Male palpus</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A809AB798CFBA09F7C5B16C7698C4F43" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" type="mainText">
|
||||
The male palpal organ of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D3305C1435D2C1539BD58F630E0805AC" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is more complicated than that of other anapids, insofar as it has three haematodochae, a sub tegulum, a tegulum and distal sclerites. Furthermore, the presence of a paracymbium is unknown in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0282624B84CEB2ECDBED8AAE562DC5E" family="Anapidae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Since the work of Kraus (1978) it has seemed certain that complicated bulbs such as are found in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A47634DBE2406826FCAF09E8B8E3CF41" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
reflect the ancestral situation, as against the simpler bulbs, such as that seen in the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AF6CD0855A13F743CD0B4D039DCCCAEA" originalValue="“classic”">"classic"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8A22EBA9FCEB5F7A4638A11A974B9426" family="Anapidae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0F3D98F3824C1AA1D9A63FAF1BF7E91C" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" type="mainText">
|
||||
The palpus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD05164751BB794B97EE6750C848A2F1" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
resembles that of some theridiids, but clear synapomorphic structures in the theridiid palp are difficult to find. Heimer (1982) showed that in most theridiids the paracymbium and the median apophysis arrest the bulb internally. An interesting exception is seen in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AAF8FB6B138A08EFD35A9E7B545814F4" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Paratheridula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">Paratheridula quadrimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks, 1896), in which the subtegulum is in contact with the distal and, in the fully expanded bulb, also with the dorsal margin of the cymbium. However, no internal arresting mechanism between a distal paracymbium and the subtegulum, as is thought probable in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="733B0808DD4DC113A9D06CA19516125A" genus="Comdroma" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" rank="genus">Comdroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, was found in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D939A4ABA64A6A1B1958D4E0C4CECCAB" family="Theridiidae" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AE60ECDBEAFAEE1629E23B5EB01E4508" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" type="mainText">
|
||||
The homologization of the distal palpal sclerites with that of other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7E0B3099A49FD59EB7768B87B45CF8E4" higher="Araneoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" rank="higher">Araneoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very difficult. The embolus is quite distinct, but does not allow precise assignment to any of the functional types described by Wiehle (1960b). However, it seems to be an "Einstoss-Embolus
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E2860F624C798523B14B2A5281A718F5" originalValue="stoß-Embolus”">"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
rather than any other type. The large grey apophysis was referred to as the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6A4616D37178C6441EF2AFC90FD8532E" originalValue="“conductor”">"conductor"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
by Levi (1957) in the Californian species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE730C20BAAB853911EBB853A727A9" genus="Comdroma" pageId="14" pageNumber="199" rank="species" species="mendocino">C. mendocino</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Levi, 1957). The position of the tip of this apophysis is adjacent to the embolus tip, but does not protect it. Because of its shape and because it is the strongest apophysis, it is thought that its function is probably to open the epigyneal slit. The base of this apophysis was named the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FA49D02C5FE48740502047F3500F3261" originalValue="“radix”">"radix"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and the base of the embolus, the "median apophysis" by Levi (1957). Later Levi (1968) reversed these two names, so that the base of the large grey apophysis has to be renamed "median apophysis" and the base of the embolus,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="90837F7AE2FCBF41912B4E6EDADAF75B" originalValue="“radix”">"radix"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="661787AD68721DBA3B11278ECFF58645" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" type="mainText">
|
||||
Kraus (1978) showed that a distal haematodocha connects sclerite II (tegulum) with a distal sclerite in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="104620747B159F128D3CCECB9A864B72" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liphistius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and that in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="62BD872E867A9091B0ED0F3A7A654CCA" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Atypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in a similar situation two distal sclerites were found, an embolus and a functional conductor. The latter apophysis was referred to as the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="53BF42607E4E69D8A54EBE69E6D484BE" originalValue="“contrategulum”">"contrategulum"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
by Haupt (1983). The situation described above is basically similar to that in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30028CD5EE085617E6C45E84F8E61C3B" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="911C13FC668B3DFCC370BF60D2AFD054" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" type="mainText">
|
||||
Comstock (1910) defined the distal haematodocha as a part of the embolic subdivision in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CAC0888B821CE25A96A067C082C623C4" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
type of palpi. The question is whether the distal haematodocha, in
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="07FF8034AF709677C75D23A825239D10" originalValue="Comstock’s">Comstock's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
sense of the word, is homologous with that found for example in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="05862C45181CE71761572321676BAE8B" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liphistius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Haupt (1983) believes that the distal haematodocha of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9E1B60BDF4D3DFE2ED706D840F2E2CD" family="Liphistiidae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" rank="family">Liphistiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
corresponds to the embolic subdivision in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D013725CCFB687A9586127D387FF7934" family="Araneidae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E726348A167320C79D83D89EC50B3764" family="Theridiidae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Grasshoff (1968) showed clearly that the distal haematodocha in the sense understood by Comstock is connected with the tegulum by a separate sclerite in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3CF26ABFD47C7A46DCD94BAEE2D76D6" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the radix, and thus is situated distally of the radix, bearing neither a conductor nor a median apophysis. But the sclerite that was referred to as the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EE3C2E212F09C0BC81DDD2CCA9DB103E" originalValue="“radix”">"radix"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="645B9DD640B1B2E7E2980AD5FCD5039E" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(and in many theridiid genera), while showing no haematodocha distal to it, does show one lateral-proximal to it. Thus, if the distal haematodocha in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4490658C1152D5567D9D9075E61E3880" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1B03D638C48B4C590236C09F527D913C" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are homologous, the basic sclerite of the embolus in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E5A4E6DE1A25DD1496EB10FABCFD28A5" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cannot be the radix.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CBE7CD619B58FFB504281DE04A42ADAB" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" type="mainText">
|
||||
On the other hand Comstock (1910: 173) described a radix in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="083934DEC70263FC87FB0EDAEA8E4B75" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Linyphia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
type of palpi as situated "Immediately following the membranous neck that connects the middle and the apical divisions of the bulb..." The term
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="73016177C31DF614C6E17D98FEF9BD1C" originalValue="“radix”">"radix"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
could therefore be correct for the base of the embolus in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57C891D7C35363AF243C3519A8286237" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F3243EB3E050A33AA60FBD00AB4D0F7A" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" type="mainText">
|
||||
Moreover,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E47F4106F01C3065CD33ED41F3A13B28" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species show a membranous area above the tegulum (Grasshoff 1968) that bears the radix, the median apophysis and the conductor. Maybe this structure, in a similar way to the above mentioned area in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F07487C3587EB2F8FD5F5692C609514E" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Linyphia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is homologous to the distal haematodocha in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="780A58C6CE185E9499AB9CAA3A8F56B4" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and perhaps also to that in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B1CAED41C1AF01742E7EC9356EF88499" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liphistius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Because of this uncertainty, at the moment I am loath to propose names for the distal sclerites of the bulb in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACCEEC8CEA03F527D920AA75CC3A39CD" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(except the embolus).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="162C3B7E729882B0271FE6FD5E66E494" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" type="mainText">5. Other theridiid features</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AB6F6547251A61A0BB8605FACFC49930" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" type="mainText">
|
||||
The comb setae on tarsus IV are usually regarded as a synapomorphy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AA0CB384CEA709049879919292A6B291" family="Theridiidae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34F4D7ED10427D20E4E108A387B1793C" family="Nesticidae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" rank="family">Nesticidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the diversity of tarsal comb setae in different theridiid genera makes it difficult to decide whether these characters are really homologous. It can only be mentioned that serrate bristles may also function as cleaning bristles, as has been observed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="55F8AD908ED4F488804A86CF0CC9C0F0" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Kropf in press). Thus, they might have evolved at several different times. Tarsal comb setae and prey-catching behaviour of theridiid spiders must be studied further, all spiders recently assigned to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F14C9CCD1D504550E1517EFAE1577A8E" family="Theridiidae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AD2EC44EACDC93D844D6DF0ADB254280" family="Nesticidae" pageId="15" pageNumber="200" rank="family">Nesticidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) cannot be regarded as a monophyletic group until more is known on these subjects.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F0E3FAA7607B1DA1F998CAA504C2C7E0" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" type="mainText">
|
||||
Coddington (1989) has brought a new characteristic feature into the discussion, namely enlarged aggregate gland spigots on the posterior lateral spinnerets in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="480330E4637E7EC4F1AFA0436254AFFC" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theridula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE1ABABEA51B620EFA85BAB4482A370F" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Latrodectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Latrodectus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and some nesticids, and proposed that it is a synapomorphy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9F2B697104840CF7494CD4318650C3BB" family="Theridiidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="377BB7D2D1A6D10C6BA844D53111A849" family="Nesticidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">Nesticidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B264A23879B519B5B9C02B760053F199" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Comaroma simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has no enlarged aggregate gland spigots.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="82B26FA8699BF618E1DB99CDE992259C" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" type="mainText">
|
||||
The web of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E56A01DD5C06E509A6593E466B4CCB08" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
resembles a theridiid web, but can be regarded as a modified anapid orb web (Kropf in press). Similar webs are known from other European
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="68FA50CCA2B3FEA2AB9E5D65BCFFCDA3" family="Anapidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">
|
||||
Anapidae
|
||||
<taxonNameAuthority id="DB19E70E5956B7051F5785209073278B">(Kratochvil 1935).</taxonNameAuthority>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Some other theridiid-like characters in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="033EF2C24A7A737CD70ADD972BEAF35F" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(male palpus, serrate bristles on tarsi and metatarsi) support the assumption of Levi & Randolph (1975: 32) that "The division between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E1817B547E1E09CE1811894B4462211" family="Symphytognathidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2D6A06ABBF05415BE471C097B3E1AC27" family="Theridiidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is probably as arbitrary as that between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9DFA5E2EF4A43DE004BE6F926E914BDF" family="Theridiidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="47E224454DA7BD37E58A6065AE0D4E7F" family="Nesticidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">Nesticidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
."
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E0CD84B6D4222CFC23DA3013009243DF" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" type="mainText">6. Other anapid features</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="655DB23AE1D60E83F5D4C21BA32EEF7E" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" type="mainText">
|
||||
The reduction of the anterior median eyes (AME) was regarded as a synapomorphy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CA3339BD40F3EAB4A3AF1B5B8FD85122" family="Anapidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B0C3BC19D9B9B8DCE5C3F5FFA3FA1480" family="Symphytognathidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by Heimer & Nentwig (1982).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DA2555A5DB0558A9DFF98944838AF097" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">C. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shows a tendency to reduce the AME, but in fact most specimens show the full number of eight eyes, though one AME is totally absent in rare cases (Schuster & Moschitz 1984). The reduction of both AME has been reported by Wiehle (1960a) and by Baert & Kekenbosch (1980), for example. The problem of eye reduction in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B123DB119142C9FF94064F44BBD6A858" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Comaroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comaroma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is discussed in detail by Schuster & Moschitz (1984). Moreover, many anapids with the full number of eyes are known (e.g. Hickman 1938; Brignoli 1981; Platnick & Forster in press). Reduction of the AME also occurs in other families (Brignoli 1970), so that this character is of minor taxonomic value.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8270125F4B94E292BE4ADB94E42CEBA2" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" type="mainText">
|
||||
Many other negative characters (e.g. reduction of booklungs, female palp, leg spines) have been considered by various authors. The problems involved were discussed by Brignoli (1970: 1414): "Etablir un groupe sur des structures
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B803E7211788F1F27D11C2EAD063138A" originalValue="réduites">reduites</normalizedToken>
|
||||
...expose le taxonomiste au grand danger de se laisser tromper par des convergences." Especially in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="65528240F6AC2F0D741FE116887FA8FE" family="Anapidae" pageId="16" pageNumber="201" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, these characters could have evolved in connection with the small size.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
70
data/BE/EB/40/BEEB408102C76B39F339438FE84EBCE7.xml
Normal file
70
data/BE/EB/40/BEEB408102C76B39F339438FE84EBCE7.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
|
|||
<document id="E7F892D8FDA9FA726EF5F3EFC87A34DD" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013" ID-PMC="PMC4910507" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-4-8013" ID-PubMed="27346954" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828-4-e8013" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" ModsDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea" checkinTime="1465218162372" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dale-Skey, Natalie, Askew, Richard R., Noyes, John S., Livermore, Laurence & Broad, Gavin R." docDate="2016" docId="BEEB408102C76B39F339438FE84EBCE7" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8013" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013" docTitle="Lymaenon thyrides Debauche 1948" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="8013" masterDocId="FF9E1826DA315140A95C15484D367662" masterDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea" masterLastPageNumber="8013" masterPageNumber="8013" pageNumber="8013" updateTime="1668123646042" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="08CB81A1E96550E790CE0F316554CDA7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="CA78AC391DCB27A828A8255A07A2923F">
|
||||
<mods:title id="2AADE169E616F0A92CA74634F426A8E7">Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="E6B88FCAAAC0E8F807B79C5AF24682ED" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="F95F11DD8814CB9D1F1AE9A5E8D7BC8B">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="CA39955F4D6CB269C87CD8C1152B588D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="48E41FCDA51FE4E6D8AE9312530E9A13">Dale-Skey, Natalie</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="43FBBE535C645BF51C5F1A26579FE91E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="C89CC38AA1C64EDE1D72BC4C541E60B5">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="3CDF11C297D434C190C29C2B3136DFE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="3494D4C5C94243C9A979AB637652B8D9">Askew, Richard R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="B522BA46E2939D80584BA882FBF563C5" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="BA68AC6E950606252E30A8F7BB39ED7F">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="53EB4E38AD6D3AF4337F77B767EC33E8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="9EBDFD943905B9A3857B99C105DA6483">Noyes, John S.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="35EBEB7609A3119CF5AE19BE55509BE4" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="704CEE5209A8A5BB37B35462C5E3F6CD">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="E8150FAC979D1B7A633BDF4A99FEE030">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="558179B6907A92F0B1744C7D08CBE95B">Livermore, Laurence</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="BB695624C6D12904662CFCDB7777040A" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="41B063B5648B33B0C6396C0755E78835">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="DECD84151BDA1E3ED61B60A2C65309B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="1EDC48181B84C9DA5CD533EDFA72A447">Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="EC028C7671C9DCE85071F41A1C1D0E37">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="39118D7BE86B79E762B87CEDAA8E751A" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="D4AB74616BA86CE3DDFBC26C70B2E13F">
|
||||
<mods:title id="785B4544BD26FCBA631071C09C2F9F73">Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="5C6540E58B2E33AE62D0BC940807FABD">
|
||||
<mods:date id="364041A303A6A1115EB89B7E810761D6">2016</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="8CF4576FA1AC4C071589144EA56BEEA2" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="BBDEEA9743CECD9BC1FA194E045C27ED">4</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="D187F9AE90294EB87AD766C44D39C021" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="B5969AF44B0874B3952E5C55B1D405D3">8013</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="A60CC5FB8BB41D7FA25D30011A01B547">8013</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="294B8E71AA972ABB452000EB6A39DC46">
|
||||
<mods:url id="079C654A5AED8122A1EE4023EA218BFF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="BC35A9B5A194D024A0559E13CB2E26B5">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="12F4CF9541BEABA08C142B5DEAD43179" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="554AA569C79E000DE621A4392ED7B43B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-4-8013</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="BEEB408102C76B39F339438FE84EBCE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BEEB408102C76B39F339438FE84EBCE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BEEB408102C76B39F339438FE84EBCE7" lastPageNumber="8013" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4C1A2625021679D4722E24770C731E82" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3CD47FD2C5BB22C9B02C730C3EF7A01D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CC8DD5812732344CA400F81C41779F0B" ID-CoL="3WRKB" authority="Debauche, 1948" authorityName="Debauche" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Lymaenon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymaenon thyrides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thyrides">Lymaenon thyrides Debauche, 1948</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="75F9E2725BDC5F1CB79AFED16F6E953B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3B713C3AAB623F4BE980E1AD88E51E97" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E7B52DD106F4E51FBED69D62E5864247" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">England</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
319
data/BE/EB/D6/BEEBD6616E0A57F5B5B90AE5A09C129D.xml
Normal file
319
data/BE/EB/D6/BEEBD6616E0A57F5B5B90AE5A09C129D.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1187-401" ID-Pensoft-UUID="331A59CAD9185E36B059921AFDF9F77C" ID-ZooBank="91B4F76CD3894BE58AD07E3C82B75052" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1187-401" checkinTime="1703815693929" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Luo, Xin-Xing, Deng, Wen-Bo, Che, Yan-Li & Wang, Zong-Qing" docDate="2023" docId="BEEBD6616E0A57F5B5B90AE5A09C129D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1187: 401-421" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1187" docPubDate="2023-12-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403" docTitle="Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="337CEA3C-952C-4AEC-A463-15C46682CEB0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="331A59CAD9185E36B059921AFDF9F77C" lastPageNumber="401" masterDocId="331A59CAD9185E36B059921AFDF9F77C" masterDocTitle="Two new genera (Vittiblatta gen. nov. and Planiblatta gen. nov.) of Blattinae (Blattodea, Blattidae) from Southwest China and the discovery of chirally dimorphic male genitalia in Vittiblatta punctata sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="421" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="401" updateTime="1703815693929" updateUser="pensoft">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="AB5F1F7B63F4F9752B83E103F92B19BB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="44C3CF376183C1E03688B14B76265299">
|
||||
<mods:title id="CD07D3FA79A15BC73BC8A10547443D13">Two new genera (Vittiblatta gen. nov. and Planiblatta gen. nov.) of Blattinae (Blattodea, Blattidae) from Southwest China and the discovery of chirally dimorphic male genitalia in Vittiblatta punctata sp. nov.</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="5FEDD4E46B1E204E42C6624B7B48D467" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="FEB3970D92F7FC20C6D10029F8464921">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="5636C5C7698017ECC93423D15BC54472">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="333753144D9DDF69C1D7B144CAC402A4">Luo, Xin-Xing</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0A7B76B2953A2C671F527E95B8D6A7D5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6838-1696</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="22F3F575DC5AD0A273957FEC93E9BB42">College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="E02925CA965D964E1E9E01F9B07026C3" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="638D1995F76C149F44F87379C7ED7158">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="3B7770D8661C62BC23E0CDFFDA2C2CD5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="1EEA9BBFC7BBC8DC6157E52D47A7B815">Deng, Wen-Bo</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C566BE0C23D70C90CA87C2F189CF883B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-241X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="C270F9014DF5DA5E0F2CBE9B044F24F2">College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="EC819C347E871C426D012BBD0877E4B1" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="3F8EA0FF0690C1B3EA4F553C4A5D3F70">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="5B65DF6893929B42B31EF804B5723F54">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B67F9EB9CBA970F868BA9838C48C303E">Che, Yan-Li</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E0D7F2863FB67F5B771DAE13FAD3048" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-9494</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="A45B3D4135CE210652CF85678800AC9D">College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="6EDC7AF040FFB73A8CB9E36068D4272D" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="ED648D69FCA6EA9A18201A7FBA96DB2B">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="64754A3FD11350912C4963A9030DF76D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="5C9FF169188558AD29BE377FA4532EF6">Wang, Zong-Qing</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F9509D138E4051C9167E3BE41A5B5160" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-1105</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="71A7136EA5D960C5C30727473CF775E7">College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A61171D9DEEC874D2E2DDDC87AA6053D" type="email">zqwang2006@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="95CEEC27CB866E70CA01C36686B49781">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="07AAC5CE2A03A5FA981E9DE7035F2CE4" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="117DBE42251F6EC6B02F681D470DC0F4">
|
||||
<mods:title id="4A3F64D78782F393A78427AC79D5997C">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="5AD52BDB720409027CF32D95EED5FB84">
|
||||
<mods:date id="51C99DCEEE6A2AC620802906CB2421E1">2023</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="969DCAE58A6871346A6A1B49C2526A46" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="9980E0400115A7BD59A38AD0EECAAEEC">2023-12-28</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="646BDD81DB3481FCBDD64AA89285AC29" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="030F88A2D8EC2A540577CAE9DAE2228B">1187</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="4F14134AE9D70A67C4872DDF98981F5E" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="0E815FF3728ABACDAD074CFE3B0676AA">401</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="7A62789AA0F27CD31E446FE8446C030C">421</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="33F993DE9B357E2F2472B710DAC7B0FC">
|
||||
<mods:url id="670EF8BC66E96BF2BE4522C10F4FB45F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="58302C4780CC8726827FAE9FF4E08886">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="E5FA18183F6082D74BA030D8A3D283E0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="94AE434C450AF08264308B9DD7F6DA10" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1187-401</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="93B3CB4D7891E520CA4946B0EBC7E02E" type="ZooBank">91B4F76CD3894BE58AD07E3C82B75052</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="CCD284BE3532CE488563D6019209485D" type="Pensoft-UUID">331A59CAD9185E36B059921AFDF9F77C</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="BEEBD6616E0A57F5B5B90AE5A09C129D" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:337CEA3C-952C-4AEC-A463-15C46682CEB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BEEBD6616E0A57F5B5B90AE5A09C129D" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C9E0CF9F5B13F7914301E3E2A660F885" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FB4FA50EFCE4042D3505239270F23147" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D8F52BA0473EE4FBB758692103381122" LSID="https://zoobank.org/337CEA3C-952C-4AEC-A463-15C46682CEB0" authority="Luo & Wang" authorityName="Luo & Wang" authorityYear="2023" family="Blattidae" genus="Vittiblatta" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vittiblatta punctata" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="species" species="punctata" status="sp. nov.">Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80379BC39D88343297627908DE8DA98A" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C8AA077887C0EE98A726A8134B67E86D" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A4E476B72C1107CD591B3BF893C53C65" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="79CD0979374F645778523E44C8AAC9DB" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3205ACB36A4BFE778899995741058A36" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A ootheca-carrying female B ootheca C male on rocks D female in the grass. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (B). A, C, D photographed by Xinran Li." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958911" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0B489F5A3974AD5C9220556682ADC2CA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chiral dimorphism in male genitalia of Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A-C male paratypes, the samples from Mt Ailaoshan A mirrored genitalia, dorsal and ventral views B normal genitalia, ventro-caudal view (L 3 on the left) C mirrored genitalia, ventro-caudal view (L 3 on the right). Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958912" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">, 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="85956947A3E4963E501C5D58AEC1EA0B" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A-D hind tarsi A Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. B V. ferruginea Luo & Wang, sp. nov. C V. undulata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. D Planiblatta crassispina Luo & Wang, sp. nov. E spermatheca, in order from left to right: V. punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov., V. ferruginea Luo & Wang, sp. nov., P. crassispina Luo & Wang, sp. nov. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-D); 0.5 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958916" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">, 7 (in part)</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9EB0B5155EC642A8A5F520DA4E5CC0D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F4BA2F367DD1C2560D9E3B8BCE33A690" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Type materials.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3169F95C83CA3CCE5619C87180226F5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="240553F26C54E57F275E34042814E081" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
: China • ♂; Sichuan, Miyi County, Panzhihua City; 20.VII.2021; Lu Qiu leg.; SWU-B-BL-083301.
|
||||
<emphasis id="F1AF23102BBFFA4C0566C62A5574043F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||||
: China • 1♂; Sichuan, Mt Lushan, Xichang City, Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture; 21.VII.2022; Bianlun Li & Lin Guo leg.; SWU-B-BL-083302 • 1♂; Sichuan, Mt Lushan, Xichang City, Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture; 1800 m alt.; 30.VI.2015; Chao Zhou leg.; SWU-B-BL-083303 • 1♀; Sichuan, Mt Lushan, Xichang City, Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture; 21.VII.2022; Wei Han & Xinxing Luo leg.; SWU-B-BL-083304 • 2♂♂; Sichuan, Mt Daheishan, Panzhihua City; 20-21.V.2011; Keliang Wu leg.; SWU-B-BL-083305 to 083306 • 5♂♂; Yunnan, Mt Ailaoshan, Xinping County; 1988 m alt.; 24.V.2018; Lu Qiu, Wenbo Deng & Zhiwei Dong leg.; SWU-B-BL-083307 to 083311 • 1♂, 2♀; Yunnan, Mt Ailaoshan, Xinping County; 1988 m alt.; 11-13.V.2016; Lu Qiu & Zhiwei Qiu leg.; SWU-B-BL-083312 to 083314 • 4♀♀; Yunnan, Xishan Scenic Area, Kunming City; 2240 m alt.; 27.VI.2021; Jiawei Zhang & Jinlin Liu leg.; SWU-B-BL-083315 to 083318 • 1♂; Yunnan, Wenquan Street, Kunming City; 1900 m alt.; 3-4.VI.1974; Yao Zhou & Feng Yuan leg.; SWU-B-BL-083319 • 1♂; Qiongzhu Temple, Kunming City; 2166 m alt.; 14.VI.1980; collector unknown; SWU-B-BL-083320 • 2♂♂; Yunnan, Mengxima Town, Yingjiang County, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture; 1470 m alt.; 9.VI.2008; Weiwei Zhang leg.; SWU-B-BL-083321 to 083322 • 1♂; Yunnan, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture; 1160 m alt.; 27-31.VI.1974; Yao Zhou & Feng Yuan leg.; SWU-B-BL-083323 • 1♂; Yunnan, Baihualing, Mt Gaoligong, Baoshan City; 1523 m alt.; 19.IV.2014; Yunkong Jiang & Tian Lu leg.; SWU-B-BL-083324 • 2♂; Yunnan, Hanlongzhai, Baihualing, Mt Gaoligong, Baoshan City; 1508 m alt.; 11.VI.2023; Xinran Li & Yifeng Liu leg.; SWU-B-BL-083325 to 083326 • 1♂; Yunnan, Yuxi City; 13.V.1980; Jingrong Zhao leg.; SWU-B-BL-083327.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0B52C8F6886A6FB3BC781AAAB6104BAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="42A141452DE33A42D24569B9AC7ECE1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ABF07A71528F8DB7A18EC594ACD1B55F" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Combining the following characteristics, this species is easily distinguished from other species of this genus: 1) pronotum with dense punctures; 2) the middle and hind femora with sparse spines; 3) body brown and cerci yellowish brown; 4) L4C with densely spiny process; 5) the end of L2 with one long spine; 6) the distal part of R1G with a thick spine; 7) the surface of the basivalvulae with furrows and microtrichia; 8) the end capsule of the spermatheca rod-shaped.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8844695F56AE0D4A4E2E2C58AB707469" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1B31FE4B3F0A8F20EED495BA33696E30" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="83D3AF8EFC6ADBF59831838130F2BD43" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
Sexual dimorphism present.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6F1FDD2B5F8DD48E32A262FD618EA09" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB22E71BD0B006889A16B7F093E769AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Male body brown to dark brown and female body black; ocelli white; cerci and styli yellowish brown (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1009C14CD0431AFD052A27116893291D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1A-D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="23623D69050BEB7972B292710514E667" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F9F1A01398102F646288488A9157B8B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6681570C53C99CE8A638CD46FAF3B584" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1FEA656394ED12E12313ADD14132623E" authorityName="Luo & Wang" authorityYear="2023" family="Blattidae" genus="Vittiblatta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vittiblatta punctata" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="784796A147F4A26665F142812686AC80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Vittiblatta punctata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Luo & Wang, sp. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAAD172B4969AC5870D34F5AEA807D00" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">A, B, E-M</emphasis>
|
||||
male holotype
|
||||
<emphasis id="54418A071759A067F74F293745A6D9F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">C, D, N</emphasis>
|
||||
female paratypes
|
||||
<emphasis id="39672C216F164C6A191D3D4CE20382DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">A, C</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis id="3756BF56CD80A5ED458C056E70DC1596" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">B, D</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, ventral view
|
||||
<emphasis id="ADA409EC54017CABF92036F78AC74E79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">E</emphasis>
|
||||
head
|
||||
<emphasis id="489B7DAC4ACFD7D0BF25C756F8789207" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">F</emphasis>
|
||||
pronotum
|
||||
<emphasis id="57E23502D634FF5AAB790B7B27F1DC98" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">G</emphasis>
|
||||
front femur
|
||||
<emphasis id="B63D2F947D0C12187C79C821EC434674" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">H</emphasis>
|
||||
hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland
|
||||
<emphasis id="3F90BAF100CEDE0BE13B00426C6B3394" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">I</emphasis>
|
||||
tegmen
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2571F4DF1CDEE15F495EE40740F17B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">J</emphasis>
|
||||
hind wing
|
||||
<emphasis id="F241FB6A5C8C6539D998DB902F137074" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">K</emphasis>
|
||||
supra-anal plate, ventral view
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1AC3625E74E4CE48A7A79E8B75538E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">L</emphasis>
|
||||
subgenital plate, dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis id="B0210F3FB93970F45712F847C208A264" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">M</emphasis>
|
||||
male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right)
|
||||
<emphasis id="4C1AA45E8EB8C181446F4D54287650FA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">N</emphasis>
|
||||
female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="DEAB325F70FE77997B2617E6FE23B182" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">A-D, I, J</emphasis>
|
||||
); 2.0 mm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="37D57677A0C2E76E365605BD64A14216" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">E-H, K, L, N</emphasis>
|
||||
); 1.0 mm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="DAA6D5B8669FFFAA318BE7B55388CDFB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">M</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F8645CF4A5BCF2F0680179FE195EAF9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="82693E1C3F926DB013E26E25706A2480" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Male</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3A6A2B9191FD07DE408E73F3A0BBA044" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Body length including tegmen: 30.6-39.5 mm; body length: 20.7-29.8 mm; pronotum length
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="29D61526A86493549E641E07BB3039DE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
width: 4.3-6.8 mm
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1A77167BE077626147E25A498C244BA7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6.6-9.2 mm; tegmina length
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="46D17B6AD1362D7154C0C4A461686197" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
width: 26.0-32.9 mm
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EEBA82ED3C6622D7BA689CCD966FECCB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7.4-10.2 mm.
|
||||
<emphasis id="115BD50A9AFC5735EEFBD56D4EE4D50A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5523D4F297B12407BFC8B9884521D8DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Head and thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Vertex slightly exposed. Interocular space slightly wider than the interocellar space, shorter than the distance between antennal sockets (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="25C0907A469AC7D45291484CBB0268F7" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Antennae longer than the body. Pronotum subelliptical, with the lateral edges not curved downward; anterior margin nearly concave, the median of hind margin convex; the widest point after the midpoint, the surface thin with dense punctures (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6AB6E7BC4F11AA250E8ABA7D5DC4CCF9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The posterior-lateral angles of metanotum without projections (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="09C21694B2842559D493D60CA1E74577" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Tegmina and wings well developed, surpassing the tip of abdomen (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7040D22F95FADA6E2F2677DFB4C34265" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1A, B, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Tegmina with ScP strong, posterior branch of R not reaching the end of tegmina (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="98C2825D24D79FF6F0ED92B6BB19D751" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Legs slender. Front femur of type A2 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="96AA7129C7ECC5B1D6D17A37E7E40472" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Mid- and hind legs with sparsely spines on ventral margin. Hind metatarsus approximately equal to the remaining segments combined. Pulvilli present on 1-4 tarsal segments, claws symmetrical and unspecialized, arolium small (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="59EDEE566E485B8FAED468735CF174F7" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A-D hind tarsi A Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. B V. ferruginea Luo & Wang, sp. nov. C V. undulata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. D Planiblatta crassispina Luo & Wang, sp. nov. E spermatheca, in order from left to right: V. punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov., V. ferruginea Luo & Wang, sp. nov., P. crassispina Luo & Wang, sp. nov. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-D); 0.5 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958916" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="CD39AFA42F68880BB911EB63B4F5441C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A9192A182096BF19749B4F2C8D3033F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
First tergite of male abdomen with visible gland, setose gland sparse and not obscured by metanotum (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="56F13BA2D1B9D82DCE35293362D481F9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Supra-anal plate short, lateral margin shrunken inward; the middle part of hind margin concave at an obtuse angle. Paraprocts (pp.) long, strip-shaped. Cerci robust (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="06D83FD587DD9705B304DF529EB72EAC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Subgenital plate nearly square; the hind margin arcuate, and the middle slightly concave. Styli symmetrical and apically rounded (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="ABAB9593F61B383B5DC665ABB8161F04" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1L</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="E8E2AEDDE7D6F7CF511D74E8ED61F764" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A3B48009BDF40D91019B57B3890635B8" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1M</figureCitation>
|
||||
). L1 composed of one elongate sclerite and membrane bearing pubescence. L4C thin ribbon-like, with a densely spiny process near basal inner margin. L2 irregular, the end with one long spine inward. L3 unciform and well sclerotized, the basal part bifurcated. The distal part of R1H broad, the inner margin bifurcated with two small spines. The distal part of R1G with a slightly curved and thick spine inward.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FEEA0EB3BE69620CB979D15161357910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="467A9925096845B3EABF9DA6E09DAB4C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Female</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="382EEBBB8E6A7B1C2B514FFABFCF94A9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Body length: 21.6-24.7 mm; pronotum length
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="43BA38541937F2B2ACC7D49BFE5BF2F9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
width: 6.4-8.2 mm
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EC7A86435B9CB11709E4A6736C40F77F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
8.5-10.5 mm; tegmina length
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CEA59C7F72BB6571DE87D30DA091C17F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
width: 6.3-7.5 mm
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ADA1ED6A1221AF27E57DF00D8769ACB6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5.1-6.4 mm.
|
||||
<emphasis id="823DF445DA067FAE49B8BC81BE851CDF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="968E7A59F6B85F77E40BDCBE3815CDFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Head and thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Interocular space slightly wider than the interocellar space and the distance between antennal sockets (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F551A018A71231DFFA8EFFA526F1DCAA" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pronotum subelliptical, the widest point near hind margin; anterior margin and hind margin straight (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3CBBF9D018560C9196F55088469EA0C8" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Tegmina and hind wings reduced. Tegmina squamiform, reaching the first tergite of abdomen; the outer margin oblique (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="740BAE232EEFAF750D915716E978F31A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Hind wings small lobe-like. Hind metatarsus approximately equal to the remaining segments combined. Pulvilli present on 1-4 tarsal segments, claws symmetrical and unspecialized, arolium smaller than male (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F80ADBA39866099D11BA51F2862A5538" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A-D hind tarsi A Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. B V. ferruginea Luo & Wang, sp. nov. C V. undulata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. D Planiblatta crassispina Luo & Wang, sp. nov. E spermatheca, in order from left to right: V. punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov., V. ferruginea Luo & Wang, sp. nov., P. crassispina Luo & Wang, sp. nov. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-D); 0.5 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958916" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="27BB73FBE0B1FC6BD34834B9F6C722DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6FEED82CE3086F6E9EF5A173E1C94C95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Hind margin of tergum X (TX) with median invagination, and with a membranous line inside; cerci thick and upturned (easily broken) (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CE4C46B1095DC9B07E86CC1CB7E4537" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A ootheca-carrying female B ootheca C male on rocks D female in the grass. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (B). A, C, D photographed by Xinran Li." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958911" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">2A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="693A859E31A8F9FA74D01B4DDCA3DCA2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="961FF679F5A8B06538964428A06816D9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A, B, E-M male holotype C, D, N female paratypes A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D habitus, ventral view E head F pronotum G front femur H hind margin of metanotum and tergal gland I tegmen J hind wing K supra-anal plate, ventral view L subgenital plate, dorsal view M male genitalia, dorsal (left) and ventral view (right) N female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A-D, I, J); 2.0 mm (E-H, K, L, N); 1.0 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958910" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">1N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). First valve (v.I.) well sclerotized. First valvifer (vlf.I) small. Second valve (v.II) with strip-like sclerite. Posterior lobes of valvifer II (p.l.) irregular, the outer margin slightly connected with laterosternite IX (ltst.IX). Laterosternite IX broad and irregular. The base of anterior arch (a.a.) extended downward, surface densely covered with microtrichia. Spermathecal plate (sp.pl.) small, connected to basivalvulae (bsv.) by membrane. Spermathecal opening (sp.o.) located at the base of basivalvulae. Spermatheca branched, the leading duct short, the branching duct relatively long, and the end capsule rod-shaped (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D60F4901C485C565327B69535659F46D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A-D hind tarsi A Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. B V. ferruginea Luo & Wang, sp. nov. C V. undulata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. D Planiblatta crassispina Luo & Wang, sp. nov. E spermatheca, in order from left to right: V. punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov., V. ferruginea Luo & Wang, sp. nov., P. crassispina Luo & Wang, sp. nov. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-D); 0.5 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958916" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">7E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Basivalvulae bulbous and flared, surface with furrows and microtrichia. Laterosternal shelf (ltst.sh.) symmetrical, the base with furrows.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ABF624778870F0A6E05A755EC363187E" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="ootheca">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ED00CA9F2F7D1BC7EF96B682BEFB3CD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Ootheca.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B7CB2CEF41E7EBC17B97FE06F72EC084" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
11.4 mm long, 5.6 mm wide, reddish brown. Overall long, ridge slightly broad with serrations (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="22A37BC96B9AACA5ED7516A94DAB61FB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A ootheca-carrying female B ootheca C male on rocks D female in the grass. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (B). A, C, D photographed by Xinran Li." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958911" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="D5617F285D07BEFB939F5E13074ED940" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958911" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EAA7A3A0564ADF8DABD7CDA6110BE844" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="56A881021C669B1CD6637DA51CE67C09" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="55D470FB9D3E1AA757ECCE676BF51076" authorityName="Luo & Wang" authorityYear="2023" family="Blattidae" genus="Vittiblatta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vittiblatta punctata" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B4DCBA99649BE4B5C7E36133F1BB6FC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Vittiblatta punctata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Luo & Wang, sp. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis id="046DAE1BA7DF5F70692329813335D5D5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">A</emphasis>
|
||||
ootheca-carrying female
|
||||
<emphasis id="F2B79D0315B92D337414176B743DE984" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">B</emphasis>
|
||||
ootheca
|
||||
<emphasis id="5501FA2C763CC8DDAC3AFF0FEEDFFCE6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">C</emphasis>
|
||||
male on rocks
|
||||
<emphasis id="C64CE0FAFE872427FE94716B04FCB90C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">D</emphasis>
|
||||
female in the grass. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="75D033BD9BF0C32A1B57A2CCEFED4D26" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">B</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="1AD057F93567D3F2455023D216BC839C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">A, C, D</emphasis>
|
||||
photographed by Xinran Li.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B1483B3D606168B50DED4FCF59369BE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="043659E9B77C05273DEB1680FE0F6721" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="12998498E32A84AD76D9BE7FB8A10F0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
The species epithet is from the Latin word "
|
||||
<emphasis id="2C754C0C4F189C60ADE1DCD88910BF8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">punctatus</emphasis>
|
||||
", which is in reference to the dense punctures on the pronotum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3D694ECB7926E1237C8905A90FC324E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="natural history">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1ABA1EE0C118473B6859A8CB4B8451F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D2C8195CA25F8633AEAA24C49FBB29F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
This species has been found in the wild not far from human habitats, on roadsides or in grassy areas (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EC6254824BA4A8EFD5F1599F6E99DC94" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A ootheca-carrying female B ootheca C male on rocks D female in the grass. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (B). A, C, D photographed by Xinran Li." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958911" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">2C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3C69BCD799E35745425CEC69891E5A2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="78B09472975813754F93FB5D3550E8B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F71CCB35C079BB5CFDE53A0991142AD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">China (Sichuan, Yunnan).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="185011E47BC91A40154A4BFDA680FB4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B5921D38633C3D7FBCEBBBC69C90792F" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8996496938748B93EA231B400D8E815A" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
Stochastic chiral dimorphism was found in male genitalia of this species. The genitalia of some male samples are left-right mirrored in comparison with common arrangement of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F461B1BE9F1B522EB632B18FB2B39BF5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Blattinae">Blattinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D84B4403623DAEF4EBDE606B975093D5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chiral dimorphism in male genitalia of Vittiblatta punctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov. A-C male paratypes, the samples from Mt Ailaoshan A mirrored genitalia, dorsal and ventral views B normal genitalia, ventro-caudal view (L 3 on the left) C mirrored genitalia, ventro-caudal view (L 3 on the right). Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958912" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">3A-C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). We carefully examined all male specimens, and this phenotype was found in samples from three localities: Mt Ailaoshan (normal genitalia in two samples and mirrored genitalia in three samples), Baihualing (normal genitalia in one sample and mirrored genitalia in one sample) and Mt Daheishan (normal genitalia in one sample and reversed genitalia in one sample). In addition, there are no significant differences between the two kinds of genitalia, so they should be the same species. This is the first discovery of intraspecific genital chirality in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="019D86700C405AB90EA0EFBEEC04FAA8" authorityName="Luo & Wang" authorityYear="2023" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="order">Blattodea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="B0E3EAF46E80100360F592071AC97E8E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/958912" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4E658BD75BB09EF46844A60427F2EAC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9ABFFABC248D2B2DAFDCC7AB52A193CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Chiral dimorphism in male genitalia of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8602AF40736BA38FDED5BFE9D6BE62E2" authorityName="Luo & Wang" authorityYear="2023" family="Blattidae" genus="Vittiblatta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vittiblatta punctata" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CC3911C72CF319A6D70A68B4C55EB4C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Vittiblatta punctata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Luo & Wang, sp. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C89A15C220C2810DA3A475C10A3A7C90" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">A-C</emphasis>
|
||||
male paratypes, the samples from Mt Ailaoshan
|
||||
<emphasis id="00B48896E17544D0CCF1486FDD6EE42E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">A</emphasis>
|
||||
mirrored genitalia, dorsal and ventral views
|
||||
<emphasis id="7974800945BE465F85AE110E9B238A0E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">B</emphasis>
|
||||
normal genitalia, ventro-caudal view (L3 on the left)
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA8C1DB3AD227A10B12A8D930CFB82DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">C</emphasis>
|
||||
mirrored genitalia, ventro-caudal view (L3 on the right). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
76
data/BE/EB/ED/BEEBED58DE7F41828734AF61F65D4AD9.xml
Normal file
76
data/BE/EB/ED/BEEBED58DE7F41828734AF61F65D4AD9.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
|
|||
<document id="53331800DFA328DBF4529EA027202471" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e15050" ID-PMC="PMC5665013" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--15050" ID-PubMed="29104434" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e15050" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="The bee family Halictidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Central Asia collected by the Kyushu and Shimane Universities Expeditions" checkinTime="1553125894993" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Murao, Ryuki, Tadauchi, Osamu & Miyanaga, Ryoichi" docDate="2017" docId="BEEBED58DE7F41828734AF61F65D4AD9" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 5: e15050" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 5" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e15050" docTitle="Halictus (Placidohalictus) bulbiceps Bluethgen 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="15050" masterDocId="FFAE494C3B44FFCFFFD3FFFF1C6CFF91" masterDocTitle="The bee family Halictidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Central Asia collected by the Kyushu and Shimane Universities Expeditions" masterLastPageNumber="15050" masterPageNumber="15050" pageNumber="15050" updateTime="1668128118587" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="7A94C298FA71F9A29BD50A26C6E5115E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="CEB5CA2629C4304D046EEB986195B1D1">
|
||||
<mods:title id="BF4E5B81166E8BB5C7CEC0D5A3F9ECD2">The bee family Halictidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Central Asia collected by the Kyushu and Shimane Universities Expeditions</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="A301332148A1DF1205886D7169A18701" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="335FF8328326FEBF08272271991D19EA">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="12314357C064BA5A1DB9883A03BC8437">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="FAC3B643D37459CF78377115E5BDDE58">Murao, Ryuki</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="1F2B3DA8EED180FD5B6112D397171194" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="76CC931E397B540A36DC465818474988">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="708259022A77349B8CC0943369C89A9D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="903AB6769A1B767CADDEE588082B61ED">Tadauchi, Osamu</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="FCF52DF95798F86D666088E079E51599" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="E95D85439890A41FAEA1DAB3975576AA">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="0E80F963C7CA76AC554C49BA189657CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="2550A63E0F47D8F0612A9F66001776AA">Miyanaga, Ryoichi</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="68FCFCF87943BDA99A266CFEAC1A379E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="B14660E1AAEC313C427B3E3FB4896E0D" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="A15B86F20ADEC5818A0ABA963DC4BD9C">
|
||||
<mods:title id="BCECFFEF9CA58A01AF452E36145C8B08">Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="F27169BBF9D50F7512460CAAB8E1E56A">
|
||||
<mods:date id="4EE1207C98864B7FB7E4DEB27E224B1C">2017</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="1C54EC91FE2D0FEBDBE9B573FFA0AF8E" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="A23D167C95372EE83ABDAD5F8107B1BC">5</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="1B517E3E9AD3540FAC2243533AE58523" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="3A30CFD301CE102F81E23EC93403A950">15050</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="C373B2C236759419DE75BC320A102E74">15050</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="58B4DEEB66DE1D05E11772BBF77DEF9E">
|
||||
<mods:url id="8DA155135208233715C5A92277BFDD72">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e15050</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="C55095D0A7B9F1F611206D60265F2E95">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="234895D4B2056E19812F8B3ED87B0D15" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e15050</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="10F95AC758E576A1456D6E297BA72283" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--15050</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="BEEBED58DE7F41828734AF61F65D4AD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BEEBED58DE7F41828734AF61F65D4AD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BEEBED58DE7F41828734AF61F65D4AD9" lastPageNumber="15050" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7CFDD2712C7A7ECFE0243747AA3CF58E" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B4112DC692EAE231276A9E15E0715942" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F3ED0B20A83BF80B65B19CA2E2D66EE" ID-CoL="3JD5J" authority="Bluethgen, 1929" authorityName="Bluethgen" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halictus (Placidohalictus) bulbiceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbiceps" subGenus="Placidohalictus">
|
||||
Halictus (Placidohalictus) bulbiceps
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D275B1DCC465D6225913041A03AC4E7E" originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1929
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="68AA767D2E11E79ADB78CB0C7EE54C4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050" type="ecological interactions">
|
||||
<paragraph id="85A47AB13A81827184BA1E8FC51B4322" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">Ecological interactions</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSection id="3E6D34BCD6B06664E94E066864230A87" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050" type="host of">
|
||||
<paragraph id="23D970DBEC2DE3E7F82AC836D2143091" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">Host of</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5BE73E16F573F2A5D5579194A374E375" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6FA1513B534F08B4919FA2EA5CFBF437" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tamarix" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tamarix</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSection>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="01BA66D1C14DF13696C503390E545DC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5419D5D06A16620DC6B210C842EF8AFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DEBC4D739D0EF7E8F981A64BFBEA5864" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">Central Asia. This species has been recorded from Kazakhstan.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="045ACC593900A7CD407454693340FF79" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9078DBBD77F32FEE828A2F0DA30BD0AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">Notes</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A1B52243A191D4E767D2166326245FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">New record for Xinjiang Uyghur of Chia.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
58
data/BE/EB/F4/BEEBF4DF29055180578E511C0A9DA4E2.xml
Normal file
58
data/BE/EB/F4/BEEBF4DF29055180578E511C0A9DA4E2.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
|||
<document id="3F5AAD61EACD583CD2FDABA67411A806" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-CLB-Dataset="21556" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3931989" ID-GBIF-Dataset="751112f9-dacb-4aa7-b6dd-94b531bd95b7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3931989" checkinTime="1594063508482" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Linnaeus, Carolus" docDate="1753" docId="BEEBF4DF29055180578E511C0A9DA4E2" docLanguage="en" docName="Linnaeus1753Treatments.xml" docOrigin="Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius" docSource="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669" docTitle="Celosia cristata Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="205" masterDocId="B60E6E2598A5F0FB2905D223E4672698" masterDocTitle="Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1710908005168" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="E1533FAB09734D4F4DF0E438F23C78AC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="B81734252D91D046B4CD774C655A0E1A">
|
||||
<mods:title id="84366C271AECA3497D7A888407994A2E">Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="9965B4A4F93FE0381C74AC4002056440" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="194BF77610FAFF4014D7C5E20969D187">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="79DEC76126B7368842EA836C04CCFAFB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="933A38CF7FA8DD152A3A3F17E9D0B26D">Linnaeus, Carolus</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="3D3A709FDF81E43C609CBAD665B215D9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:originInfo id="992A71889E9CCC3F47A6FCE95BB9B526">
|
||||
<mods:dateIssued id="805777D44D5CB1ED26758FEABC3C5BCB">1753</mods:dateIssued>
|
||||
<mods:publisher id="346CA28A3812345B5DC48C02B9A6D519">Laurentius Salvius</mods:publisher>
|
||||
<mods:place id="5AC4C04B84E8FB1DE0BB1A31EB125F1F">
|
||||
<mods:placeTerm id="8030D5699383968754F995C67E644568">Stockholm</mods:placeTerm>
|
||||
</mods:place>
|
||||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||||
<mods:location id="DED85804BC7F4CE33CA90B8536064A05">
|
||||
<mods:url id="E4332E3D8CE4289F55C6991890A118A3">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="014031BE202D44E9E9CA1AB2237CFCA9">book</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A3785B294997E73C2169A81DE265788D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3931989</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="D121BF3AD3C76DC090209D8DCA3829E7" type="Zenodo-Dep">3931989</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="BEEBF4DF29055180578E511C0A9DA4E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4356079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164948721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4356079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BEEBF4DF29055180578E511C0A9DA4E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BEEBF4DF29055180578E511C0A9DA4E2" lastPageNumber="205" pageNumber="205">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1B3EFDF92E95FFE383C1B98FADDB59AE" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6ECE424105F60E287C12F4329396C9E5" pageNumber="205">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="679B183489E0F15FE1B8FBCBE4C298B5" ID-CoL="69H9V" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Celosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cristata" status="spec. nov.">Celosia cristata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="89EC14AA0E3F3D66F15315F948EB9A9E" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DFB0BC513524E6E72857C3B8FF3445FC" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AE75A26182C026DC762440C6479203B4" pageNumber="205">2. Celosia foliis oblongo-ovatis, pedunculis teretibus substriatis, spica oblonga.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D6C08D1405FC9ACCC5B9DA08F90643EB" pageNumber="205">
|
||||
Celosia foliis lanceolato-ovatis.
|
||||
<emphasis id="55C5F1C1CB6BB819A71F708145C329C9" italics="true">Hort. cliff. 43. Hort. ups. 52. Roy. lugdb. 419.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C0B5BBB8F8CA4C1BE1E5F3881A66387F" pageNumber="205">
|
||||
Amaranthus panicula incurva.
|
||||
<emphasis id="773CDA325F3C8DEEC4667A3739CAAB3E" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 121.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B8DD82F10AEF3A0E159FE958331008C5" pageNumber="205">
|
||||
β. Amaranthus cristatus.
|
||||
<emphasis id="BF307072D6F24B45A9CCC03E93DE12A6" italics="true">Cam. epit. 792.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7D53A3BC54462779BC22BC4545036788" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AB005B366390825F5A557FFAD3F00EEB" pageNumber="205">
|
||||
<emphasis id="500B010EB8E6CB2560B8502587BAAC38" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
|
||||
India
|
||||
<emphasis id="1B59CD1B219FB58EC02D462384904630" italics="true">? ☉</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue