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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f61aa496-eaf5-4d9a-bcc3-e93e4f71bbd8" ID-PMC="PMC7481264" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-72-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" ID-PubMed="32963488" ModsDocID="1314-4049-72-43" checkinTime="1599126124911" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pykaelae, Juha, Kantelinen, Annina &amp; Myllys, Leena" docDate="2020" docId="14EE11C9D7975D61A9684CBEE29E1323" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 72: 43-92" docOrigin="MycoKeys 72" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223" docTitle="Verrucaria subjunctiva Nyl., Flora 67: 218 1884" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668136534071" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pykaelae, Juha</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-9310</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">juha.pykala@ymparisto.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kantelinen, Annina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Myllys, Leena</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-9473</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>72</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
<mods:end>92</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-72-43</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167465747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:14EE11C9D7975D61A9684CBEE29E1323" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14EE11C9D7975D61A9684CBEE29E1323" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName LSID="14EE11C9-D797-5D61-A968-4CBEE29E1323" authority="Nyl., Flora 67: 218, 1884" authorityName="Nyl., Flora 67: 218" authorityYear="1884" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria subjunctiva" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subjunctiva">Verrucaria subjunctiva Nyl., Flora 67: 218, 1884</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
=?
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria lacerata" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacerata">Verrucaria lacerata</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Servít">Servit</normalizedToken>
, Stud. Bot.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Čech">Cech</normalizedToken>
. 11: 115, 1950. Type. Slovakia, Tatry
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bielské">Bielske</normalizedToken>
, rup, calc. pr.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tatranská">Tatranska</normalizedToken>
kotlina, 800 m alt., 1925 Suza (PRM-859169!, syntype)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">[Russia,] Sibiria Septentrionalis: Si nus Konyam ad fretum Bering, 64°50' lat. bor., 173° long. occid. (Greenw.) 28-30.7.1879 E. Almquist (S-L46!, lectotype, designated here); Fretum Behring, Kongar Bay, E. Almquist (H-NYL 3512!, isolectotype).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Prothallus absent. Thallus white or grey, rarely pale ochraceous, endolithic or thinly epilithic, continuous or rimose, up to 0.1 mm thick, algal cells 5-8 mm. Perithecia (0.16-)0.23-0.45 mm in diam., (1/4-)1/2-3/4(-1)-immersed, not leaving pits or usually leaving shallow or deep pits in the rock, sometimes covered by a thin thalline layer except for the apex, often surrounded by a thalline collar; ca. (10-)30-100(-120) perithecia/cm2. Ostiole tiny, pale or dark, plane or depressed, ca. 20-40(-50) mm wide, ostiolar depression rarely wide, up to 130 mm wide. Involucrellum exceeding half of the exciple or reaching the exciple base level, rarely enveloping the exciple, (40-)50-100 mm thick, appressed to the exciple or slightly to moderately diverging from the exciple. Exciple 0.20-0.36 mm in diam., wall dark brown or black, ca. 22-45 mm thick. Periphysoids ca. 30-60
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(1-)1.5-2.5 mm, branching. Asci 84-109
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
32-40 mm, 8-spored. Ascospores 0-septate, rarely very few spores 1-septate, (23.4-)27.0-30.4-33.8(-40.1)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(11.7-)12.6-13.8-15.0(-17.4) mm (n = 242), perispore 1-2 mm thick.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The species occurs on calcareous rocks in both sun-exposed and shady sites. Most sequenced specimens are from the biogeographical province of Koillismaa. Three sequenced specimens (two localities) originate from eastern Finland (biogeographical Province of Pohjois-Karjala) and three (two localities) from southern Finland (biogeographical Province of Varsinais-Suomi). In southern Finland, the species seems to be very rare.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nyl., Flora 67: 218" authorityYear="1884" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria subjunctiva" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subjunctiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria subjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been collected in Finland from lime quarries.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Finland. Varsinais-Suomi,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Länsi-Turunmaa">Laensi-Turunmaa</normalizedToken>
(Korppoo),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Åfvensår">Afvensar</normalizedToken>
, Kilamo, calcareous rock outcrop, on flat rock, scarce, 17 m. alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.283333">60°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.533333">21°32'E</geoCoordinate>
, 28 July 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
35326 (H);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Länsi-Turunmaa">Laensi-Turunmaa</normalizedToken>
(Korppoo),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Åfvensår">Afvensar</normalizedToken>
, Kilamo, calcareous rock outcrop, on flat rock, on pebbles, 17 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.283333">60°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.533333">21°32'E</geoCoordinate>
, 28 July 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
35361 (H); Salo (Kisko), Haapaniemi, Plantmaannokka, calcareous rock outcrop on shore of Lake
<normalizedToken originalValue="Määrjärvi">Maeaerjaervi</normalizedToken>
, on calcareous boulder, 43 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.2">60°12'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.516666">23°31'E</geoCoordinate>
, 4 June 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
37746 (H); Koillismaa, Kuusamo, Oulanka National Park,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pikkukönkäänkuru">Pikkukoenkaeaenkuru</normalizedToken>
, dolomite rock outcrop, on SW-facing wall, 173 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.35">66°21'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.316668">29°19'E</geoCoordinate>
, 8 Aug 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
35930 (H); Kuusamo, Oulanka National Park,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kiutaköngäs">Kiutakoengaes</normalizedToken>
, N-shore of river Oulankajoki, dolomite rock outcrop, on SE-slope, 150 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.36667">66°22'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.333334">29°20'E</geoCoordinate>
, 12 Aug 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
36308 (H); Salla, Oulanka National Park, 400 m N of Savilampi, shore of river Savinajoki, cliff, dolomite rock outcrop, on NW-facing wall, 177 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.416664">66°25'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.166666">29°10'E</geoCoordinate>
, 13 Aug 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
36371 (H); Kuusamo, Juuma, Lammasvuoma, gorge, calciferous (dolomite) schistose rock outcrop, on NE-facing wall, 225 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.26667">66°16'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.433332">29°26'E</geoCoordinate>
, 8 Aug 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
39475 (H), 39478 (H), 39491 (H); Salla, Oulanka National Park, Savilamminniemi, shore of lake Savilampi, cliff, dolomite rock outcrop, on E-facing wall, scarce, 185 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.416664">66°25'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.166666">29°10'E</geoCoordinate>
, 12 Aug 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
39803 (H); Kuusamo, Oulanka National Park,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kiutaköngäs">Kiutakoengaes</normalizedToken>
, by the rapids, shore of Oulankajoki river, calciferous (dolomite) schistose rock outcrop, N-slope, on boulder, 152 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.36667">66°22'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.333334">29°20'E</geoCoordinate>
, 18 Aug 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
40284 (H); Kuusamo, Juuma, Oulanka National Park, Hautaniitynvuoma, gorge, dolomite rock outcrop, on high NE-facing wall, very scarce, 190 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.25">66°15'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.433332">29°26'E</geoCoordinate>
, 21 Aug 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
44671 (H); Kuusamo, Juuma, Oulanka National Park, Hautaniitynvuoma, gorge, stony NW-slope with sparse stunted birches, close to bottom, on dolomite boulder, 181 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.25">66°15'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.433332">29°26'E</geoCoordinate>
, 21 Aug 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
44734 (H); Salla, Oulanka National Park, Savilampi 1.2 km NE, steep E-slope, open area in forest, on small dolomite rock, 190 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.433334">66°26'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.183332">29°11'E</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Aug 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
44881 (H); Pohjois-Karjala, Juuka, Polvela, Valkealampi, close by E-shore,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus sylvestris" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-dominated forest, calcareous rock outcrop, on W-slope, 176 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="63.166668">63°10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.116667">29°07'E</geoCoordinate>
, 11 July 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
42392 (H), 42419 (H); Juuka, Polvela, Valkealampi, close by E-shore,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus sylvestris" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-dominated forest, calcareous rock outcrop, W-slope, directly on rock, rather scarce, 175 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="63.166668">63°10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.116667">29°07'E</geoCoordinate>
, 11 July 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
42406 (H); Juuka, Petrovaara, Riihilahti S, shore of lake
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polvijärvi">Polvijaervi</normalizedToken>
, calcareous rock outcrop, on W-facing wall, 171 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="63.15">63°09'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="28.966667">28°58'E</geoCoordinate>
, 13 July 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
42510 (H).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
This species has usually been treated as
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. papillosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ach. and was also reported from Finland as
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. papillosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pykaelae, J" journalOrPublisher="Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="34 - 42" refId="B36" refString="Pykaelae, J, 2010a. Notes on the lichen flora of Saana and Malla fells in northern Finland. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 86: 34 - 42" title="Notes on the lichen flora of Saana and Malla fells in northern Finland." volume="86" year="2010 a">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
2010a
</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282904014471" author="Orange, A" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="445 - 447" refId="B29" refString="Orange, A, 2004b. Verrucaria papillosa is a synonym of Verrucaria viridula. Lichenologist 36 (6): 445 - 447, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282904014471" title="Verrucaria papillosa is a synonym of Verrucaria viridula." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282904014471" volume="36" year="2004 b">Orange (2004b)</bibRefCitation>
showed that the type specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. papillosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. viridula" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="viridula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. viridula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schrad.) Ach. The type specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. lacerata" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. lacerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is small, but it fits rather well with the Finnish material. However, ITS sequences from Central Europe are needed to confirm the identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. lacerata" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. lacerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to
<bibRefCitation author="Breuss, O" journalOrPublisher="Herzogia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B7" refString="Breuss, O, 2008b. Neue Funde pyrenocarper Flechten aus den julischen Alpen (Slowenien und Italien). Herzogia 21: 85 - 92" title="Neue Funde pyrenocarper Flechten aus den julischen Alpen (Slowenien und Italien)." volume="21" year="2008 b">Breuss (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
, the exciple size in
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. lacerata" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. lacerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 0.4-0.6 mm, i.e. exceeding the size of
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subjunctiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subjunctiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The ITS phylogeny does not separate
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subjunctiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subjunctiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. foveolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="foveolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. foveolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These two taxa are here kept separated pending further study (see
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. foveolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="foveolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. foveolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nyl., Flora 67: 218" authorityYear="1884" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria subjunctiva" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subjunctiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria subjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. foveolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="foveolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. foveolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have larger spores than the other studied species. However, there is much overlap in the spore size of
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. devergens" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="devergens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. devergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. kuusamoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="kuusamoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. kuusamoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and specimens with suboptimally-developed spores are easily misidentified.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nyl., Flora 67: 218" authorityYear="1884" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria subjunctiva" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subjunctiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria subjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has larger perithecia and longer periphysoids than
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. kuusamoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="kuusamoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. kuusamoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>