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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.224.3675" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9147ca13-956f-4bda-9341-aa33b27bb486" ID-PMC="PMC3487645" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-224-37" ID-PubMed="23129989" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-224-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 224" ModsDocTitle="The first precinctive Carabidae from Moorea, Society Islands: new Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera) from the summit of Mont Tohiea" checkinTime="1451248718100" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2012" docId="14E56E0EDFF23472EFAF8EA121C22DF5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 224: 37-80" docOrigin="ZooKeys 224" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.224.3675" docTitle="Mecyclothorax pahere Liebherr, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="B217D107014FFFE1FFF0F15F0806B15A" masterDocTitle="The first precinctive Carabidae from Moorea, Society Islands: new Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera) from the summit of Mont Tohiea" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668154504896" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The first precinctive Carabidae from Moorea, Society Islands: new Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera) from the summit of Mont Tohiea</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>224</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.224.3675</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037182" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52B4B915-D08B-4409-A118-4901879032DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14E56E0EDFF23472EFAF8EA121C22DF5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52B4B915-D08B-4409-A118-4901879032DE" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax pahere" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pahere">Mecyclothorax pahere</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="47">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
This species plus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax altiusculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altiusculus">Mecyclothorax altiusculus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax pseudaltiusculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudaltiusculus">Mecyclothorax pseudaltiusculus</taxonomicName>
Perrault, and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax paraltiusculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraltiusculus">Mecyclothorax paraltiusculus</taxonomicName>
Perrault share a bisetose, trapezoidal pronotum with rounded hind angles, and a setal formula of 2122, however individuals of this new species are larger; standardized body length 7.5-7.9 mm. The pronotum is also more transverse; MPW/PL = 1.35-1.36 (n = 2). The striae are deep and distinctly punctate in their basal half, and the convex intervals are covered with dense transverse microsculpture consisting of a mixture of parallel transverse lines and transverse-mesh sculpticells 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
broad as long. The mesal face of the male metatibia is lined with pectinate swellings at the points of articulation of the mesal longitudinal setal series (Fig. 2B). Of the three species listed above,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax paraltiusculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraltiusculus">Mecyclothorax paraltiusculus</taxonomicName>
is most similar, attaining a similar body size-7.0 mm-and possessing elytral microsculpture consisting of a mixture of transverse lines and transverse mesh.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
Head capsule withbroad, shallow frontal grooves, the frontal surface transversely wrinkled between the grooves, and a broad, low convexity bordering the groove mesad the anterior supraorbital seta; dorsally the head capsule is flat from the frons to the pronotum; ocular lobe moderately prominent and largely covered by eyes, the posterior portion of lobe obtusely joined to gena, the juncture marked by fine, shallow groove; ocular ratio 1.47, ocular lobe ratio 0.79-0.83; labral anterior margin broadly emarginate 0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length; antennomeres glabrous except for apical setae; antennae elongate filiform, antennomere 8 length 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
greatest width; mentum tooth with sides defining an acute angle, the apex rounded. Prothorax transverse, the basolateral margins straight to slightly concave due to the upcurved margin anterad the rounded hind angles, MPW/BPW = 1.55-1.60 (n = 2); median base slightly depressed medially, moreso laterally, with more than 40 small punctures each side; basal margin broadly, slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression obsolete but traceable on disc, present as a lenticular depression at front of median base; anterior transverse impression deep, finely incised, with 7-8 elongate punctures each side bordered by longitudinal carinae that span impression from disc to anterior callosity; anterior callosity moderately convex, covered with indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; front angles protruded, broadly rounded, APW/BPW = 0.95-0.96 (n = 2); lateral marginal depression broadly explanate, translucent, edge upturned anteriorly, more beadlike near lateral seta; laterobasal depression a broadened continuation of the lateral depression, surface punctured as median base, deepest portion meeting posterior margin at lateral
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="48" start="start">edge</pageBreakToken>
of basal margin convexity; proepisternum with 7 distinct punctulae along hind margin, ~10 smaller punctures along posterior marginal bead of proepimeron; prosternal process broad, slightly depressed anteriorly between coxal cavities, convex posterad at juncture with posterior face. Elytra broad, subquadrate, MEW/HuW = 2.32-2.35 (n = 2); disc convex medially, sides sloped to nearly vertical; basal groove moderately curved to subangulate humerus, elytral margin at humerus only slightly upraised; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole defined by 4 separated punctures, the striole depressed between punctures; sutural intervals elevated to meet at suture, only slightly more convex than distinctly convex discal intervals; striae 1-8 deep, finely impressed, and distinctly punctate in basal half; all striae deep and smooth at elytral apex; eighth interval upraised in a narrow bulbous carina laterad subapical seta, the
<normalizedToken originalValue="interval’s">interval's</normalizedToken>
outer face nearly vertical; 2 dorsal elytral setae (one individual with 3 setae on one elytron) positioned at 0.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
and 0.52
<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.60×">-0.60x</normalizedToken>
elytral length (asymmetrical third seta at 0.75
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
elytral length), each seta within evident depressions that span ⅔ width of interval 3; both apical and subapical elytral setae present; lateral elytral setae 7 + (5-6); elytral marginal depression moderately broad throughout length, translucent, reduced to beadlike margin only just anterad abruptly concave subapical sinuation. Mesepisternum distinctly punctate anteriorly, ~19 deep punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternum short, width to length ratio 0.87; metepisternal-metepimeral suture varied, a distinct suture in one individual, an indistinct, broad depression in the second; metathoracic flight wing an elongate straplike vestigium, length 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width, and apical
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
of wing length surpassing hind margin of metathorax, rudimentary R and M veins evident. Abdomen with irregular wrinkles on visible ventrites 1-4, and indistinct round depressions laterally on ventrites 4-6; suture between visible ventrites 2 and 3 complete. Legs with metatarsomere 1 moderate, length 0.19
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of metatibia; metatarsomere 4 with short apical lobes, maximal tarsomere length 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
median tarsomere length; metatarsomere 4 with very short subapical setae and longer apical setae; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci very shallow, obsolete, dorsum broadly convex. Microsculpture on frons and vertex a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length; pronotal disc with obsolete microsculpture, indistinct transverse mesh with sculpticells 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
broad as long visible near edge of light reflections; pronotal median base with evident transverse-mesh microsculpture between punctures, sculpticell breadth 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
length; elytral disc covered with a mixture of transverse lines and transverse mesh with sculpticell breadth 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
length; elytral apex covered with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
length; metasternum glossy with obsolete transverse sculpticells; laterobasal abdominal ventrites glossy with shallow, swirling isodiametric and transverse mesh sculpticells. Coloration of frons and vertex piceous; antennomeres 1-4 rufoflavous to brunneous, segments 5-11 slightly darker; pronotal disc rufopiceous with metallic silvery reflection; reflexed pronotal margins translucent brunneous; proepipleuron rufo-brunneous, proepisternum rufopiceous; elytral disc rufopiceous with cupreous reflection; sutural interval concolorous basally, rufous apically; reflexed elytral margin brunneous, elytral apex narrowly, indistinctly paler, brunneous; elytral epipleuron rufobrunneous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdominal ventrites glossy rufopiceous, apical ventrite narrowly rufobrunneous; metafemur and metatibia rufobrunneous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="49" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
genitalia. (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe broadest dorsoventrally near midlength, apex hooklike, with small dorsal toothlike expansion (Fig. 4B); median lobe curved to right in ventral view (Fig. 4C), the apex elongated beyond apical margin of ostium; internal sac with well-developed dorsal and ventral ostial microtrichial patches; flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
distance from apex to parameral articulation; parameres broad basally, right paramere extended 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
distance from parameral articulation to apex (Fig. 4B), left paramere longer, extended 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
distance to apex (Fig. 4C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
Female reproductive tract. (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, heavily sclerotized, the surface leathery, bursal length 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
maximal width in slide-mounted dissection (Fig. 5B); spermathecal duct entering on dorsal bursal wall apicad position along length of bursal juncture with common oviduct; spermathecal gland duct short, little longer than spermatheca, the glandular reservoir elongate and gradually widened in diameter from duct; basal gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, and 8-10 setae along ventromesal margin (Fig. 6B); apical gonocoxite 2 broad basally with narrow, acuminate tip, and 2-3 lateral ensiform setae, 1 dorsal ensiform seta, and 2 apical nematiform setae.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
Figure 6. Female left gonocoxa, ventral view; scale bar = 0.05 mm. A M. perraultiB M. pahereC
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax popotioaoa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="popotioaoa">Mecyclothorax popotioaoa</taxonomicName>
D
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax mapo" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mapo">Mecyclothorax mapo</taxonomicName>
E
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax fatata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fatata">Mecyclothorax fatata</taxonomicName>
. Abbreviations: afs apical fringe setae of gonocoxite 1 ans apical nematiform seta des dorsal ensiform seta gc1 basal gonocoxite 1 gc2 apical gonocoxite 2 les lateral ensiform seta(e) r ramus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Holotype male (MNHN), labeled: FRENCH POLYNESIA: Moorea / Tohiea, muddy gulch along trail / 24-ix-2009 el. 1150 m C. Ewing / -17.55130 -149.82178 pyr. fog / mossy tree trunk MBIO 5860 // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / pahere / J.K. Liebherr 2012 (black-bordered red label).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Allotype female (MNHN), labeled: FRENCH POLYNESIA: Moorea / Tohiea, muddy gulch along trail / 25-ix-2009 el. 1150 m C. Ewing / -17.55130 -149.82178 pyr. fog / mossy tree trunk MBIO 5859 // ALLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / pahere / J.K. Liebherr 2012 (black-bordered red label).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">The species epithet is the Tahitian word pahere, or comb in English, either the noun or verb form (Wahlroos, 2002), and being indeclinable, is to be treated as a noun in apposition. The name is indicative of the metatibial comb in the male, formed by the evaginated bosslike articulatory processes associated with with the mediolongitudinal series of tibial setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
Distribution and habitat. The allotype female was collected in a pyrethrin fog sample from a mossy tree trunk along with one individual each of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax fatata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fatata">Mecyclothorax fatata</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax mapo" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mapo">Mecyclothorax mapo</taxonomicName>
. The holotype male comprised the only beetle collected in a similar situation the day earlier.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.700.11784" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30d1c76a-41e1-4f66-9fb5-460bf381f752" ID-PMC="PMC5711039" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-700-1" ID-PubMed="29358897" ID-ZBK="EBA4322720AD4CFFA04E8D2542DDA3D6" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-700-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 700" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the ant genus Melophorus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1506009303549" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Heterick, Brian E., Castalanelli, Mark &amp; Shattuck, Steve O." docDate="2017" docId="14E5762D3E95C9524C91D98DE738E90A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 700: 1-420" docOrigin="ZooKeys 700" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.700.11784" docTitle="Melophorus major Forel Status novus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="246" masterDocId="FF93E60CA711CB7BFF95D521FFFDFF9A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the ant genus Melophorus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="420" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="244" updateTime="1668164819442" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of the ant genus Melophorus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150814526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:14E5762D3E95C9524C91D98DE738E90A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14E5762D3E95C9524C91D98DE738E90A" lastPageId="245" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
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<taxonomicName authority="Forel Status novus" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus major" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<pageBreakToken pageId="243" pageNumber="244" start="start">Melophorus</pageBreakToken>
major Forel Status novus
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="243" pageNumber="244" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus fieldi var. major" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fieldi" variety="major">Melophorus fieldi var. major</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" pagination="1 - 119" title="Results of Dr. E. Mjoeberg's Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 2. Ameisen." url="http://www.antwiki.org/wiki/images/3/3f/Forel_1915b.pdf" volume="9" year="1915">Forel 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 87.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="243" pageNumber="244" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Syntype major worker and minor workers: major and minor worker on separate pins, Kimberley district, Western Australia [MHNG]. Also examined: MHNG, MSNG, NHRS AntWeb images of specimens (MHNG specimens CASENT0909812, CASENT0909813, MSNG specimen CASENT0905126, NHRS specimen NHRS-HEVA00003949).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="243" pageNumber="244" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">New South Wales: Moree (I. Oliver). Western Australia: 11 km N Wiluna (Davidson, D. &amp; Morton, S.), 11 km N Wiluna (Davidson, D. &amp; Morton, S. [ANIC32-066606]), 11 km N Wiluna (Davidson, D. &amp; Morton, S. [ANIC32-066608]).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="243" pageNumber="244" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus major" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Melophorus major</taxonomicName>
can be placed in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. biroi" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" rank="species" species="biroi">M. biroi</taxonomicName>
species-group on the basis of characters of the clypeus, propodeum, mandible and palps. The species is also placed in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. fieldi" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" rank="species" species="fieldi">M. fieldi</taxonomicName>
species-complex because of the appearance of the anteriorly placed clypeal psammophore, the compact propodeum, the presence of more than one preapical spine on the metatibia, at least in the major worker, the long, even spindly legs, and the unmodified mandible in the major worker. The large-eyed
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus major" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Melophorus major</taxonomicName>
closely resembles several related
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melophorus</taxonomicName>
, most obviously
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. bruneus" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" rank="species" species="bruneus">M. bruneus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. fieldi" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" rank="species" species="fieldi">M. fieldi</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. turneri" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" rank="subspecies" species="turneri" subspecies="candidus">M. turneri candidus</taxonomicName>
form of
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. turneri" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" rank="species" species="turneri">M. turneri</taxonomicName>
. The one distinctive feature that places at least the
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. major" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" rank="species" species="major">M. major</taxonomicName>
minor worker apart from other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melophorus</taxonomicName>
in its species-complex is the low placement of the clypeal psammophore: in profile, this structure is to be found just behind the anterior clypeal margin and it is also placed well below the midpoint of the clypeus in some major workers. At present the few known major workers cannot be separated with any confidence from related species or populations of species with an anteriorly situated psammophore, but the propodeum is narrow with an oblique dorsal face and the colour of major workers seen is shining brown with the gaster slightly darker, and this character may be helpful in some cases.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="244" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Minor worker description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="244" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
Head. Head square; posterior margin of head planar or weakly convex; frons shining with superficial shagreenation or microreticulation only; pilosity of frons a mixture of a few well-spaced, erect setae interspersed with appressed setae only. Eye large (eye length ≥ 0.50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of side of head capsule), or moderate (eye length 0.20-0.49 length of side of head capsule); in full-face view, eyes set at about midpoint of head capsule; in profile, eye set anteriad of midline of head capsule; eyes elliptical or slightly reniform. In full-face view, frontal carinae distinctly concave; frontal lobes straight in front of antennal insertion. Anteromedial clypeal margin broadly and evenly convex; clypeal psammophore set at or just above anterior clypeal margin; palp formula 6,4. Five mandibular teeth in minor worker; mandibles triangular, weakly incurved; third mandibular tooth distinctly shorter than apical tooth and teeth numbers two and four; masticatory margin of mandibles approximately vertical or weakly oblique. Mesosoma. Integument of pronotum, mesonotum and mesopleuron moderately shining and shagreenate throughout; anterior mesosoma
<pageBreakToken pageId="244" pageNumber="245" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
profile broadly convex; appearance of erect pronotal setae short, (i.e., longest erect setae shorter than length of eye) and unmodified; in profile, metanotal groove shallow, broadly V or U-shaped; propodeum shining and finely striolate and microreticulate; propodeum angulate, propodeal angle blunt; length ratio of propodeal dorsum to its declivity greater than 2:1; erect propodeal setae variable in number, may be absent; appressed propodeal setulae short, separated by more than own length and inconspicuous; propodeal spiracle situated on or beside declivitous face of propodeum, and longer (length ≥ 0.50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height of propodeum), or situated on or beside declivitous face of propodeum, and shorter (length &lt;0.50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height of propodeum). Petiole. In profile, petiolar node squamiform; in full-face view, shape of petiolar node uniformly rounded; node shining and distinctly shagreenate-microreticulate. Gaster. Gaster shining, shagreenate ('LP
<normalizedToken originalValue="record’">record'</normalizedToken>
appearance); pilosity of first gastral tergite consisting of well-spaced, erect and semi-erect setae interspersed with regularly placed appressed setae. General characters. Colour of foreparts brown, gaster blackish-brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="244" pageNumber="245" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="244" pageNumber="245">Major worker description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="244" pageNumber="245">
Head. Head square; posterior margin of head weakly concave; cuticle of frons shining with superficial shagreenation or microreticulation only; pilosity of frons a mixture of a few well-spaced, erect setae interspersed with appressed setae only. Eye moderate (eye length 0.20-0.49 length of head capsule); in full-face view, eyes set at about midpoint of head capsule; in profile, eye set anteriad of midline of head capsule; eyes elliptical. In full-face view, frontal carinae straight, divergent posteriad; frontal lobes straight in front of antennal insertion. Anterior clypeal margin broadly and evenly convex; clypeal psammophore set at or just above anterior clypeal margin; palp formula 6,4. Five mandibular teeth in major worker; mandibles triangular, weakly incurved; third mandibular tooth distinctly shorter than apical tooth and teeth numbers two and four; masticatory margin of mandibles approximately aligned vertically or weakly oblique. Mesosoma. Integument of pronotum, mesonotum and mesopleuron moderately shining and shagreenate throughout; anterior mesosoma in profile broadly convex; erect pronotal setae short, (i.e., shorter than length of eye) and unmodified; in profile, metanotal groove shallow, indicated mainly by an angle and metathoracic spiracles; propodeum shining and shagreenate; propodeum angulate, propodeal angle blunt; length ratio of propodeal dorsum to its declivity between 1:1 and1:2, or greater than 1:2; erect propodeal setae present and abundant (at least a dozen); appressed propodeal setae long and separated by at least own length; propodeal spiracle situated on or beside declivitous face of propodeum, and longer (length ≥ 0.50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height of propodeum). Petiole. In profile, petiolar node squamiform; in full-face view, shape of petiolar node uniformly rounded; node shining and faintly shagreenate-microreticulate. Gaster. Gaster shining with superficial microreticulation; pilosity of first gastral tergite consisting of well-spaced, erect and semi-erect setae interspersed with regularly spaced appressed setae. General characters. Colour of foreparts orange tan, gaster blackish-brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="244" pageNumber="245" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="244" pageNumber="245">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="244" pageNumber="245">Worker (n = 2): CI 99-112; EI 23-37; EL 0.28-0.37; HL 0.76-1.45; HW 0.75-1.63; ML 1.07-1.71; MTL 0.69-1.08; PpH 0.12-0.16; PpL 0.43-0.71; SI 70-109; SL 0.82-1.14.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
<pageBreakToken pageId="245" pageNumber="246" start="start">Comments</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
Apart from the low placement of the clypeal psammophore, this medium-sized
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melophorus</taxonomicName>
is completely unremarkable and can easily be mistaken for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus inconspicuus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inconspicuus">Melophorus inconspicuus</taxonomicName>
or a dark
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. hirsutipes" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" rank="species" species="hirsutipes">M. hirsutipes</taxonomicName>
, to which it is likely closely related. Only a handful of pinned workers from Wiluna, WA, and one pin of two minor workers from Moree, NSW, were available for analysis. However, ants of similar appearance have regularly turned up in some collections made in the Pilbara region of WA, as part of a survey by large mining companies, and the species may not be uncommon. However, no specimens have been available for sequencing. Because of the difficulty in separating this species (especially major workers) from several morphologically very similar taxa, its range is uncertain but it is likely to occur sparsely in drier areas across the continent in suitable habitat. No ecological data are available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
The name
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘major’">'major'</normalizedToken>
is given new species level status in this revision. The syntypes for this species (two separate pins available for specimen analysis and three Automontage photographs on AntWeb) reveal a few small differences from the remaining material; namely, the eye in the non-type material (both major and minor workers) is larger and the erect pilosity is longer and a little more extensive. These differences may be explained by biogeography, the type specimens having been collected in the Kimberley (not shown on the map because of the vagueness of the collection locality), and the others much further south. The media worker available for inspection, however, has the same protuberant clypeus and anteriorly placed clypeal psammophore seen in the non-type minor workers. This feature is distinctive and is not seen in any other member of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. fieldi" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" rank="species" species="fieldi">M. fieldi</taxonomicName>
complex. The major worker does not always share this feature and is difficult to separate from allied species. The dark colouration and short propodeum with an oblique dorsal face (compared with an often blocky, square propodeum in similar species) help in the identification of major workers, but minor workers are needed for identifications to be definitive.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
<paragraph pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
Figure 64.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus major" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Melophorus major</taxonomicName>
Forel: major worker (CASENT0905126) (MSNG) frons (a), profile (b) and dorsum (c); minor worker (NHRS-HEVA 000003949) (NHRS) frons (d), profile (e) and dorsum (f); distribution map for the species (g).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<bibRefCitation id="E6333033B13DE8BE9B9334816656E8BD" author="Perissinotto, R." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="118110" pagination="17 - 43" refId="B10631721" refString="Perissinotto, R., Clennell, L., 2021. Census of the fruit and flower chafers (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1026: 17 - 43" title="Census of the fruit and flower chafers (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) of the Macau SAR, China" volume="1026" year="2021">Perissinotto and Clennell (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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