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<document id="3B1737D34BBDA02B9C32B89340512DAA" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e24071" ID-PMC="PMC5956030" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-6-24071" ID-PubMed="29773960" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2828-6-e24071" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 6" ModsDocTitle="Checklist of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from managed emergent wetlands in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Arkansas" checkinTime="1525928108899" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Stephenson, Phillip L, Griswold, Terry L, Arduser, Michael S, Dowling, Ashley P G &amp; Krementz, David G" docDate="2018" docId="140B360427C33DCCCD34211814337D38" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 6: e24071" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 6" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e24071" docTitle="Halictus (Odontalictus) ligatus Say 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="24071" masterDocId="D46BFFDAC862132AB77AFF972279FFFE" masterDocTitle="Checklist of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from managed emergent wetlands in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Arkansas" masterLastPageNumber="24071" masterPageNumber="24071" pageNumber="24071" updateTime="1668128201067" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CC7C4B0DEB0BEFA0EC5ACF5365B2E0D0">Checklist of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from managed emergent wetlands in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Arkansas</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B6362C7A31A122F13D4412BB33C9514">Stephenson, Phillip L</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1A6A0A34BEDB892572B7051FF6272369">Griswold, Terry L</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="578F21DB0D1A07538C38E2BF6CFB21F1">Arduser, Michael S</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5FE18C77D867BC08E3463B64F3F16FF9">Dowling, Ashley P G</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="82CED2B73440EDC26157B6D9D87A6A0A">2018</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="79C635452782B8E4D49192507119C248" ID-CoL="3JD9C" ID-ENA="77576" authority="Say, 1837" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halictus (Odontalictus) ligatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="24071" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligatus" subGenus="Odontalictus">Halictus (Odontalictus) ligatus Say, 1837</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="E29E8A126784F0BE1A579C56347B4EAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="24071">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="381671C8E2F86F885B920DA39EFBC01B" pageId="0" pageNumber="24071">Opportunistic (Table 1: All Sites).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>A second update to the checklist of Finnish long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with a re-evaluation of the status of Hydrophoruscallosoma Frey, 1915</mods:title>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:140B7D8764095695089D4A944BAE8746" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/140B7D8764095695089D4A944BAE8746" lastPageNumber="976" pageId="0" pageNumber="976">
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Classification:
<taxonomicName family="Dolichopodidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="976" rank="family">Dolichopodidae</taxonomicName>
Rank: SpeciesType of treatment: Redescription or species observationextantHabitat: terrestrialRoot classification: 8
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="976">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=135341" authority="Macquart, 1827" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus cupreus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="976" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">Chrysotus cupreus (Macquart, 1827)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="976" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="976">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="976">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-06-15" collectionCode="Priv. Coll. J. Kahanpaeae" collectorName="Jere Kahanpaeae" country="Finland" latitude="60.009" location="Naesen" longitude="20.126" pageId="0" pageNumber="976" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2">
Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="976">
Jere
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kahanpää">Kahanpaeae</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="976">3</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; otherCatalogNumbers: labelcode: jka07-01767, jka07-01794, jka07-01766; Taxon: scientificName: Chrysotuscupreus; order: Diptera; family: Dolichopodidae; scientificNameAuthorship: (Macquart, 1827); Location: country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="976">Finland</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: A; municipality: Lemland; locality:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Näsen">Naesen</normalizedToken>
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; verbatimCoordinates: 66751:31171; verbatimCoordinateSystem: ykj; decimalLatitude:
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; decimalLongitude:
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; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinatePrecision: 300; Identification: identifiedBy:
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Jere
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kahanpää">Kahanpaeae</normalizedToken>
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; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="976" value="2007-06-15">2007-06-15</collectingDate>
; Record Level: collectionCode:
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Priv. Coll. J.
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="976">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="976">
New to Finland. Widespread in Europe, reaching the Middle East (
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="976">Pollet 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
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<treatment id="140BCB1E881CF0440781E674BEE3AC6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6267573" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6267573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:140BCB1E881CF0440781E674BEE3AC6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/140BCB1E881CF0440781E674BEE3AC6D" lastPageNumber="25" pageNumber="25">
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<paragraph id="70BFA6F7BA0AD7B0A03878024ED27D3F" pageNumber="25">
Study Material -
<taxonomicName id="88E9D324E862D702D8F493DB5B792C6A" ID-CoL="458HS" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Myrichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">M. ocellatus</taxonomicName>
: DZUFRJ 2911, 2912, 2913, 2914, 2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 2919; nine specimens; preanal myomeres 62-67; predorsal myomeres 10-17; nephric myomeres 62-66; total myomeres 168; 12.0-61.0 mm SL.
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="A2940733C7894495B723F8A213C682E2" ID-CoL="55J58" authority="Horstmann, 1971" authorityName="Horstmann" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Tersilochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tersilochus (Pectinolochus) spiracularis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiracularis" subGenus="Pectinolochus">Tersilochus (Pectinolochus) spiracularis Horstmann, 1971</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="155D64C829B3ED4ADE4E117E6C3F0D86" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1036F2F46EB73D3A8A805D5DA36F1931" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">England</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="336705DF2B0E5BC902691E59F716C466" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" type="notes">
<paragraph id="4BF39871C22E42B61AA7E4D6D628DF4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3D176CEDCFFC27CBDE86F99A7414931" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">BMNH, det. Broad and Khalaim, added here</paragraph>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France &amp; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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30.
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77298804-1" authority="S. S. Ying in X. Aubriot &amp; S. Knapp" authorityName="S. S. Ying in X. Aubriot &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoense" status="sp. nov.">Solanum peikuoense S.S.Ying in X.Aubriot &amp; S.Knapp</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="F49" captionText="Figure 49. Solanum peikuoense S. S. Ying A herbarium specimen collected in Taiwan in 1993 (Lin et al. 134, BM 000846380) B old stem and prickles (field photograph, unvouchered, Taiwan) C detail view of leaf base and petiole (field photograph, unvouchered, Taiwan) D detail view of inflorescence and open flower (field photograph, unvouchered, Taiwan) E detail view an infructescence (field photograph, unvouchered, Taiwan). Photograph credits: A CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London B-E M. - I. Weng." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689742" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Like
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pseudosaponaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudosaponaceum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pseudosaponaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with the upper surfaces of leaves glabrate and shiny, inflorescences forked but not many times branched, larger flowers corolla (2-2.4 cm diam. versus 1-1.5 cm diam.) and generally fewer seeds per berry (18-40 versus 25-&gt;100).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. Southern
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1993-10-13" country="Taiwan" location="Wutai Hsiang" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pingtung County" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung">Pingtung County</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:140BF2DA774FF1B528A9EDA2B3E5038A:CB8121C55366C6C3862094A880BD7145" country="Taiwan" name="Wutai Hsiang" stateProvince="Pingtung County">Wutai Hsiang</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1993-10-13">13 Oct 1993</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Y-R. Lin et al. 134</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: HAST [29822]; isotype: BM [BM000846380], E [E00320675], MO [MO-3105792, acc. # 04669018])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Erect shrub to small tree, to 4 m, unarmed, less often armed with a few prickles. Stems erect, terete, unarmed or with a few scattered prickles, sometimes dark purple (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ku 1752</emphasis>
), sparsely stellate-pubescent; prickles, if present, 0.1-0.3 cm long, straight, deltate, orange-yellow, glabrous; pubescence of mixed sessile and variously stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks to 0.1 mm long, the rays 6-8, 0.1-0.5 mm long, the midpoints absent or up to 0.1 mm long; new growth densely stellate-pubescent, the trichomes like those of the stems; bark of older stems glabrescent, reddish brown and shiny. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, very shallowly lobed, the blades 11-18 cm long, 5.2-10 cm wide, ca. 1.5-2 times longer than wide, elliptic to somewhat ovate, widest at the middle, chartaceous, strongly discolorous, unarmed or more rarely armed along the principal veins with tiny awl-shaped prickles like those of the stems; adaxial surface dark green, almost completely glabrous to sparsely stellate-pubescent along the midrib and veins but with a few sessile porrect-stellate trichomes on the midrib and along the principal veins, the rays 6-8, 0.3-0.5 mm long, the midpoints ca. 0.4 mm long, approximately equal to the rays; abaxial surface similarly but more densely pubescent with sessile porrect-stellate trichomes along the veins; major veins 5-7 pairs sparsely pubescent especially abaxially, drying pale yellow abaxially; base acute to attenuate, usually somewhat oblique; margins shallowly lobed, the lobes 5-7 on each side, 0.5-1 cm long, deltate and apically acute, the sinuses extending up to ca. 1/4 of the distance to the midvein; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1.5-3.5 cm long, 1/9-1/5 of the leaf blade length, unarmed or with a few awl-shaped prickles, and very sparsely pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the stems. Inflorescences 1.5-3.5 cm long, internodal and lateral, forked, with 10-16 flowers, some of these borne below the branching point, only a few flowers open at any one time, sparsely pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle ca. 1.3 cm long; pedicels 1-1.2 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.2 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading and perhaps slightly nodding at anthesis, sparsely stellate-pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like the inflorescence axes, articulated at the base; pedicel scars irregularly spaced (1)4-5 mm apart. Buds pointed-ovoid, the corolla exserted from the calyx lobe acumens before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx with the tube ca. 2 mm long, cup-shaped, tearing to form irregular lobes, the lobes ca. 1 mm long with an elongate acumen to 3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, sparsely stellate-pubescent to glabrescent. Corolla 2-2.4 cm in diameter, white or purple (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ku 1752</emphasis>
), stellate, lobed ca. 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 8-10 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, spreading at anthesis, glabrous adaxially, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent along the petal midribs abaxially. Stamens equal; anthers 5-7 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, tapering, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with drying; filament tube minute, glabrous and papery; free portion of the filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary conical, glabrous; style ca. 10 mm long, straight, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate, the surfaces minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 2-6 per infructescence, 1-1.3 cm in diameter, the pericarp smooth, red or black (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lin et al. 134</emphasis>
), glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-2.3 cm long, 1-1.2 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 2 mm in diameter at the apex, woody, erect or spreading, unarmed; fruiting calyx lobes not markedly expanding, 1/3 the length of the mature fruit, spreading, broadly deltate with a filiform acumen to 3 mm long, this usually breaking off. Seeds 18-40 per berry, 3-3.5 mm long, 2-2.7 mm wide, flattened-reniform, dull yellow, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells with sinuate margins. Chromosome number: not known.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689742" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 49" startId="F49">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 49.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying in X. Aubriot &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum peikuoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S.S.Ying
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
herbarium specimen collected in Taiwan in 1993 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lin et al. 134</emphasis>
, BM000846380)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
old stem and prickles (field photograph, unvouchered, Taiwan)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
detail view of leaf base and petiole (field photograph, unvouchered, Taiwan)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
detail view of inflorescence and open flower (field photograph, unvouchered, Taiwan)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
detail view an infructescence (field photograph, unvouchered, Taiwan). Photograph credits:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-E</emphasis>
M.-I. Weng.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Figure 50. Distribution of S. peikuoense." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689743" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">50</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying in X. Aubriot &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum peikuoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the island of Taiwan, most collections are from the southern part of the island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying in X. Aubriot &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum peikuoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in broadleaf, coniferous or mixed broadleaf-coniferous forests, often along roadsides or in open areas, from 1,200 to 2,000 m elevation.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689743" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 50" startId="F50">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 50.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. peikuoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Vulnerable (VU [B1,2a,bi,ii,]. EOO (10,013 km2, VU); AOO (44 km2, EN).
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying in X. Aubriot &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum peikuoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a single island endemic with a small extent of occurrence. It is found in at least one protected area (Dawushan National Park), so is likely to be protected in the future.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. S. Ying in X. Aubriot &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum peikuoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinctive plant, and unlikely to be confused with any other species in the region. It is a member of the Torva clade (see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot;spiny solanums&quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot; spiny solanums &quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. 2016a</bibRefCitation>
) and is morphologically similar to other southeast Asian members of the group such as
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. poka" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="poka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. poka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pseudosaponaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudosaponaceum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pseudosaponaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. torvoideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torvoideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. torvoideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and the introduced
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. torvum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torvum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. torvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Its shiny, almost glabrous mature leaves and stems distinguish it from any of these species, all of which are densely pubescent. It can be distinguished from the introduced
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. torvum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torvum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. torvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shiny leaves with acute to acuminate (rather than acute to truncate) apices, and its red or black berries (versus dirty green-yellow in
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. torvum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torvum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. torvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. peikuoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks the characteristic simple glandular trichomes found in the inflorescence axes of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. torvum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torvum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. torvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some collections (e.g.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ku 1752</emphasis>
) mention dark purple stems and purple flowers; other gatherings record the flowers as white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Although a single gathering (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ying s.n.</emphasis>
) in a single herbarium (NTUF) was cited in
<bibRefCitation author="Ying, SS" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="13 - 20" refId="B279" refString="Ying, SS, 1997. Miscellaneous note on the flora of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Forestry. National Taiwan University 11 (1): 13 - 20" title="Miscellaneous note on the flora of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Forestry." volume="11" year="1997">Ying (1997:14)</bibRefCitation>
, the word type or holotype, or its equivalent was not used. This is contrary to Art. 40.6 of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Code”">&quot;Code&quot;</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Applied Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B247" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF, 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and renders &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="S.S.Ying" authorityYear="1997" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum peikuoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S.S.Ying&quot; not validly published. We validate this name here and cite as type material a gathering for the same area that is widely distributed and has both flowers and fruits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
[also see Suppl. materials 1-3]
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taiwan. Chiayi Hsien</emphasis>
: Chiayi, Arisan, Kagi, common around Funkiko, 25 Jan 1918,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wilson 9657</emphasis>
(A).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hualien Hsien</emphasis>
: Tungnengkao, Panpien, 20 Apr 1927,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Saito 6965</emphasis>
(A).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kaohsiung Hsien</emphasis>
: Teng-chu, 22 Jan 1972,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hsu 13689</emphasis>
(A); Tengchih, 17 Nov 1992,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huang et al. 15850</emphasis>
(A); Taoyuan Hsiang, along Southern Cross-Island Hwy, between Lanya and Likuan, 27 Jun 2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lin 405</emphasis>
(CAS, HAST); Taoyuan Hsiang, near road mileage sign 13 km on Meilan Forest Road, 10 May 1994,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Liu et al. 427</emphasis>
(HAST); Taoyuan Hsiang, Shihshan Forest Road 9.7 km, 21 May 1997,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peng 16833</emphasis>
(HAST); Taoyuan Hsiang, Tengchih, 28 Jun 2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang 4317</emphasis>
(HAST); Kaohsiung Hsien, Taoyuan Hsiang, Tengchih, 29 Jun 2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang 4376</emphasis>
(HAST, PE); Taoyaun Hsiang, Tengchih, 24 Jul 2004,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang et al. 11628</emphasis>
(HAST).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nantou Hsien</emphasis>
: Hsinyi Hsiang, Shenmu village, 31st forest compartment, 19 Apr 1984,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peng 6576</emphasis>
(HAST); Jenai Hsiang, 9-10K, 22 Apr 2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang 5514</emphasis>
(HAST).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pingtung Hsien</emphasis>
: Wutain Hsiang, Hsiaogueihu forest road, 3 May 2003,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ku 1752</emphasis>
(HAST).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taichung Hsien</emphasis>
: Hoping Hsiang, Chia-yang to Tsui-luan, 7 May 1997,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lin et al. 938</emphasis>
(HAST); Hoping Hsiang, Tahsuehshan Forest Road, 30 Sep 2006,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lu 12541</emphasis>
(HAST); Tainchung Hsien, Hoping Hsiang, Tahhuehshan 200 forest road 30K, 28 Feb 2001,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang &amp; Li 4720</emphasis>
(HAST, PE); Hoping Hsiang, on Hsuehshan Forest Road, at road mileage sign 28.2 km, 5 May 1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wu 1273</emphasis>
(A, HAST); Hoping Hsiang, Pei-ko-ta-shan, 1 Aug 1996,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ying s.n.</emphasis>
(HAST).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taitung Hsien</emphasis>
: Haituan Hsiang, Hungshih Forest Road, near road marker 9.5 km, 1 Mar 2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Liu 1369</emphasis>
(HAST); Peinan Hsiang, LiChia Forest Road, between road marker 19 km and 22 km, 25 Jul 2008,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lu 16536</emphasis>
(HAST); Yenping Hsiang, Yenping Forest Road, 24 Dec 2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yang s.n.</emphasis>
(HAST); Chin-shui-ying, 18 Sep 1998,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yang 23750</emphasis>
(HAST).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>