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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7345e6b-fa55-474e-9b6e-d6b185121541" ID-PMC="PMC7718216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-168-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" ID-PubMed="33335445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-168-1" checkinTime="1606572050664" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio, Nee, Michael H., Kang, Hannah, Starbuck, Thomas, Rodrigues, Annamarie &amp; Conner, Matthew" docDate="2020" docId="8F7C08A63F2A42C77C8F0172F17E30C9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 168: 1-333" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" docTitle="Lycianthes chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" masterDocTitle="The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140149145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dean, Ellen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0027</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eadean@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Poore, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-8108</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kang, Hannah</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Starbuck, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Annamarie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Conner, Matthew</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>168</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>333</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-168-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170596530" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F7C08A63F2A42C77C8F0172F17E30C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F7C08A63F2A42C77C8F0172F17E30C9" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
10b
<taxonomicName authority="Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274 1940" authorityName="Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">Lycianthes chiapensis (Brandegee) Standl. var. sparsistellata Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22(4): 274 1940</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Image of herbarium specimen of L. chiapensis var. sparsistellata, Tellez 7946 (MO). Specimen used with permission from the Missouri Botanical Garden (http: // www. tropicos. org)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Guatemala. Chiquimula:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tixixí">Tixixi</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tishishí">Tishishi</normalizedToken>
), 3-5 miles north of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jocotán">Jocotan</normalizedToken>
, 500-1500 m, 10 Nov 1939,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 31555</emphasis>
(holotype: F [0072902F, acc. # 1039909]; isotype WIS).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
Image of herbarium specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">L. chiapensis var. sparsistellata</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Téllez">Tellez</normalizedToken>
7946
</emphasis>
(MO). Specimen used with permission from the Missouri Botanical Garden (http://www.tropicos.org).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shrub to woody vine, beginning as a shrub, becoming a large liana climbing into tree crowns up to 25 m tall and spreading in the crown up to 10 m wide, the lower stem to 15 cm in diameter. Indument of tannish-yellow to brown, uniseriate, multicellular, stalked, multangulate-stellate, eglandular, spreading trichomes 0.25-1 mm long, 0.75-1.2 mm in diameter, the rays 3-6 per whorl, straight, rarely rebranched. Stems light green when young (drying tan), moderately to densely pubescent, not compressed when dried in a plant press, becoming dark brown and woody with age, the stems sinuous, sometimes glabrate; upper sympodial branching usually monochasial, sometimes dichasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia sometimes paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 2.5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-4 cm, the smaller ones with blades 0.8-4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-2 cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate, elliptic or obovate (sometimes the small geminate leaf nearly orbicular), thin chartaceous to chartaceous, sparsely to moderately pubescent especially along the veins (sometimes nearly glabrous), the base cuneate to rounded, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually undulate, the apex acute to acuminate (rarely rounded on smaller leaves), the petiole 0.2-1 cm long, the larger leaf blades with 4-5 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-3 (5), axillary, oriented horizontally to ascending; peduncles absent; pedicels (5) 7-24 mm and erect to arching in flower, to 30 mm long and erect to arching in fruit, sparsely to moderately pubescent; calyx (2) 2.5-3.5 mm long, 3-4.5 mm in diameter, campanulate, sparsely to moderately pubescent, the margin truncate, slightly membranous, truncate to wavy or shallowly lobed, with 10 erect to spreading, linear appendages 0.5-2.5 mm long emerging 0.25-0.5 mm below the calyx rim; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl- to plate-shaped, 2-3(4) mm long, 5-8(10) mm in diameter, the appendages not lengthening and often breaking off; corolla 0.6-1.5 cm long, rotate to slightly reflexed in orientation, nearly entire to stellate in outline, divided ca. 1/3-2/3 of the way to the base, with abundant interpetalar tissue, white, the adaxial lobes sometimes with a green spot at the base near the insertion of the shorter stamens, sparsely to moderately pubescent with short trichomes abaxially near the veins; stamens unequal, the four short filaments 0.5-1 mm long, the fifth filament 2.5-4 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4-5 mm long, lanceolate, free of one another, yellow, pubescent on the inner face, poricidal at the tips, the pores obovate, those of the shorter stamens dehiscing distally or toward the style, those of the long stamen dehiscing toward the style, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 7-8 mm long, linear, straight to slightly curved, glabrous, the stigma capitate. Fruit a berry, 5-10 (13) mm long, 5-10 (13) mm in diameter, globose, green to white when immature, orange to red at maturity, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 5-20 per fruit, 3.5-4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3.5 mm, flattened, with slightly thickened rim, depressed ovate in outline, yellow-orange to brown, the surface reticulum with minute serpentine pattern and shallow luminae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz), Guatemala (Baja Verapaz, Chiquimula, El Progresso, probably elsewhere), Honduras (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Copán">Copan</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
, Ocotepeque), Nicaragua (Jinotega, Matagalpa), in primary or secondary cloud forest (including oak forest), montane rain forest, and tropical dry forest, (500) 900-2000 m in elevation (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Map of geographic distribution of L. chiapensis var. sparsistellata from Mexico to Honduras based on herbarium specimen data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480039" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480039" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 27.</emphasis>
Map of geographic distribution of
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">L. chiapensis var. sparsistellata</taxonomicName>
from Mexico to Honduras based on herbarium specimen data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None known.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In most parts of the range, flowering specimens have been collected July through November (January to March in Nicaragua). Specimens with immature and mature fruits have been collected throughout the year. In the field in Guatemala, the first author observed that the corollas of this species were still open at noon and closed later in the day.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">Lycianthes chiapensis var. sparsistellata</taxonomicName>
is a widespread variety of cloud forest habitat ranging from Mexico to Nicaragua, represented by 23 collections and occurring in five protected areas. The EOO is 156,415.154 km2, and the AOO is 84 km2. Based on the
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" refId="B67" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019." url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">Lycianthes chiapensis var. sparsistellata</taxonomicName>
is an upper elevation cloud forest taxon that ranges from Veracruz to Honduras (possibly Nicaragua) mostly along the Caribbean slope. It can grow into a very tall liana that can cover the tree canopy, supported by a very large twining woody stem. The lower sympodial units merge into sinuate woody branches as the plant ages. The mature wood is dark brown and lustrous. This variety is the more common of the two varieties of
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. chiapensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chiapensis">L. chiapensis</taxonomicName>
and differs from var.
<taxonomicName lsidName="var. chiapensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" variety="chiapensis">chiapensis</taxonomicName>
in having a smaller flowering calyx that becomes plate-like as the plant fruits. The other variety has a larger flowering calyx that adheres to the fruit as it ages and a larger fruit with more seeds. See further discussion of the two varieties under var.
<taxonomicName lsidName="var. chiapensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" variety="chiapensis">chiapensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatemala. Alta Verapaz</emphasis>
: at Orchigonia orchid nursery/preserve outside of the city of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobán">Coban</normalizedToken>
along Guatemala Highway 14,
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.4373" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.4373">15.4373</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="90.4120" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.412">-90.4120</geoCoordinate>
, 1487 m, 10 Aug 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Dean 9507</emphasis>
(DAV).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chiquimula</emphasis>
: Cerro
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tixixí">Tixixi</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tishishí">Tishishi</normalizedToken>
), 3-5 m north of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jocotán">Jocotan</normalizedToken>
, 500-1500 m, 10 Nov 1939,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 31555</emphasis>
(F, WIS).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">El Progreso</emphasis>
: Cerro
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pinalón">Pinalon</normalizedToken>
, Sierra de las Minas, San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acasaguastlán">Acasaguastlan</normalizedToken>
, 15.0656, 89.9833, 2230 m, 1 Mar 2007,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Flores 3548</emphasis>
(MO).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico. Chiapas</emphasis>
: cima del Cerro
<normalizedToken originalValue="Salomón">Salomon</normalizedToken>
, al NO de Benito
<normalizedToken originalValue="Juárez">Juarez</normalizedToken>
, ca. 44 km en
<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
recta al N de San Pedro Tapantepec,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.7708" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.7708">16.7708</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="94.1953" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-94.1953">-94.1953</geoCoordinate>
, 1770 m, 7 Apr 1986,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Ishiki 1451</emphasis>
(NY).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oaxaca</emphasis>
: Cerro Sabinal, ca. 2 km al SO de Cerro Guayabitos, ca. 3 km en
<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
recta al NNO de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
Ordaz, ca. 40 km en
<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
recta al N de San Pedro Tapanatepec, al O de la cima del cerro,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.7333" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.7333">16.7333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="94.1917" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-94.1917">-94.1917</geoCoordinate>
, 1500 m, 21 Dec 1984,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Wendt 4678</emphasis>
(NY).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Veracruz</emphasis>
: along trails to base of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Santa Marta, 0-3 km E village of Santa Marta, [18.35, -95.8667], 1100-1200 m, 29 Jun 1982,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Nee</emphasis>
24700 (F, NY, XAL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e72764" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-11-e72764" ID-Pensoft-UUID="483CCF09D3A05B029A3B4B4A30E4CB79" ModsDocID="1314-2828-11-e72764" checkinTime="1673667829734" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Thomas-Cabianca, Arianna, Villet, Martin H., Martinez-Sanchez, Anabel &amp; Rojo, Santos" docDate="2023" docId="8F7C51D60B805744AB7D174FB85A8E1D" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 11: e72764" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 11" docPubDate="2023-01-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e72764" docTitle="Cosmina gracilis Curran 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="483CCF09D3A05B029A3B4B4A30E4CB79" lastPageNumber="72764" masterDocId="483CCF09D3A05B029A3B4B4A30E4CB79" masterDocTitle="South African nose flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Rhiniinae): taxonomy, diversity, distribution and biology" masterLastPageNumber="72764" masterPageNumber="72764" pageNumber="72764" updateTime="1673667829734" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>South African nose flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Rhiniinae): taxonomy, diversity, distribution and biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas-Cabianca, Arianna</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2126-6222</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, E- 03080, Alicante, Spain</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">athomasbio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Villet, Martin H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Rhodes University, Southern African Forensic Entomology Research Laboratory, Grahamstown, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Martinez-Sanchez, Anabel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rojo, Santos</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2160-9643</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, E- 03080, Alicante, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-01-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>11</mods:number>
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<mods:end>72764</mods:end>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e72764</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-11-e72764</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6B6KP" LSID="8F7C51D6-0B80-5744-AB7D-174FB85A8E1D" authority="Curran, 1927" authorityName="Curran" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Rhiniidae" genus="Cosmina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmina gracilis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Cosmina gracilis Curran, 1927</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curran" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Rhiniidae" genus="Cosmina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmina gracilis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">= Cosmina gracilis</taxonomicName>
Curran, 1927: 2.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Type locality</emphasis>
: South Africa, Barberton.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Remarks</emphasis>
: type-serie in SANC at ARC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Afrotropical</emphasis>
: Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F6961655" captionText="Figure 31. Cosmina gracilis occurrence map in South Africa, including eSwatini (eSw) and Lesotho (Le); horizontal axis longitude east and vertical axis latitude south." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e72764.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534563" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">31</figureCitation>
) and Zimbabwe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Preferred environment</emphasis>
: dry scrub forest, mixed bushveld-grass, sand and broad-leafed deciduous forest and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhus" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Rhus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliatae" family="Umbelliferae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Umbellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
savannah. In Namibia, associated with the Mesic Savannah, Arid Savannah, Karoo and Desert Biomes (
<bibRefCitation author="Kurahashi, Hiromu" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" pagination="1 - 131" refId="B7071266" refString="Kurahashi, Hiromu, Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H., 2006. The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 1322: 1 - 131" title="The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea)" volume="1322" year="2006">Kurahashi and Kirk-Spriggs 2006</bibRefCitation>
). We included new records in indigenous and degraded sand forest and cultivated plots for Namibia.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Recorded elevations</emphasis>
: 98-1240 m a.s.l.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Seasonality</emphasis>
: common species, highest abundance in September and November. Absent in February, June, July and August and low numbers in the remaining months. In Namibia, it was an abundant species, peaking from December to February (
<bibRefCitation author="Kurahashi, Hiromu" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" pagination="1 - 131" refId="B7071266" refString="Kurahashi, Hiromu, Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H., 2006. The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 1322: 1 - 131" title="The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea)" volume="1322" year="2006">Kurahashi and Kirk-Spriggs 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Behaviour and ecology</emphasis>
: in Namibia, was frequently observed feeding on flowers (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
and other families). The success of the pitfall-traps suggests ground-dwelling habit in adults (
<bibRefCitation author="Kurahashi, Hiromu" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" pagination="1 - 131" refId="B7071266" refString="Kurahashi, Hiromu, Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H., 2006. The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 1322: 1 - 131" title="The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea)" volume="1322" year="2006">Kurahashi and Kirk-Spriggs 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Life cycle and developmental stages</emphasis>
: unknown.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Collection methods</emphasis>
: Malaise traps and light trap. In Nambia, it was collected by sweeping or with UV-light, yellow and blue pan traps, hanging traps baited with fermenting fruit, Malaise and pitfall traps (
<bibRefCitation author="Kurahashi, Hiromu" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" pagination="1 - 131" refId="B7071266" refString="Kurahashi, Hiromu, Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H., 2006. The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 1322: 1 - 131" title="The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea)" volume="1322" year="2006">Kurahashi and Kirk-Spriggs 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Illustrations and photographs</emphasis>
: male habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F6961659" captionText="Figure 32. Habitus, left lateral view of Cosmina gracilis male SANC from South Africa; scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e72764.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/534564" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">32</figureCitation>
. Male terminalia as in fig. 26c in
<bibRefCitation author="Zumpt, Fritz" journalOrPublisher="[III] +" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" pagination="1 - 209" refId="B7073017" refString="Zumpt, Fritz, 1958. Calliphoridae (Diptera Cyclorrapha) Part II: Rhiniini. Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte (1933-1935). [III] + 92: 1 - 209" title="Calliphoridae (Diptera Cyclorrapha) Part II: Rhiniini. Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte (1933 - 1935)" volume="92" year="1958">Zumpt (1958)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Type material examined</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. gracilis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">C. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1? HT 1? AT // Barberton / May 17 1914 / (H. K. Munro).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="72764">Material examined</emphasis>
: Suppl. materials 1, 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="SMNH" country="Sweden" latitude="58.256668" location="Gullmarsfjord, near Fiskebaeckskil" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.457666" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" specimenCode="SMNH- 177075" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
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; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">female</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Location:</emphasis>
waterBody: Skagerrak; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Sweden</collectingCountry>
; locality:
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Gullmarsfjord, near
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</location>
; minimumDepthInMeters: 40; maximumDepthInMeters: 50; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="15,40" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="58.256668">58°15,40'N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="27,46" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="11.457666">11°27,46'E</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">O. Holovachov</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2010; month: 8; day: 21; habitat: Mud
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="SMNH" country="Sweden" latitude="58.37" location="Bratten" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.154333" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" specimenCode="SMNH- 177078" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">SMNH-177078</specimenCode>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">2</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">female</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Location:</emphasis>
waterBody: Skagerrak; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Sweden</collectingCountry>
; locality:
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; minimumDepthInMeters: 25; maximumDepthInMeters: 50; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="22,20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="58.37">58°22,20'N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="09,26" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="11.154333">11°09,26'E</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">O. Holovachov</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2011; month: 8; day: 9; habitat: Muddy sand
</materialsCitation>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Type status:</emphasis>
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.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
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; individualCount:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">female</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Location:</emphasis>
waterBody: Skagerrak; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Sweden</collectingCountry>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F7CF42FF96557558A19006A8A91635F:0511DF2AD51F461919284CED684812AE" country="Sweden" latitude="58.262165" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.435" name="Gullmarsfjord, Kristineberg-Lysekil" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Gullmarsfjord, Kristineberg-Lysekil</location>
; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 53; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="15,73" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="58.262165">58°15,73'N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2014; month: 8; day: 14; habitat: Mud
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; minimumDepthInMeters: 20; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; verbatimLatitude:
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
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; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2010; month: 8; day: 21; habitat: Mud
</materialsCitation>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">SMNH-177081</specimenCode>
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; sex:
<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Location:</emphasis>
waterBody: Skagerrak; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Sweden</collectingCountry>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F7CF42FF96557558A19006A8A91635F:FAF4B57E5BFECDA573C24C6E3FA6614B" country="Sweden" latitude="58.262165" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.435" name="Gullmarsfjord, Kristineberg-Lysekil" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Gullmarsfjord, Kristineberg-Lysekil</location>
; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 53; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="15,73" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="58.262165">58°15,73'N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="26,10" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="11.435">11°26,10'E</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">O. Holovachov</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2014; month: 8; day: 14; habitat: Mud
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2010; month: 8; day: 21; habitat: Mud
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; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2012; month: 10; day: 12; habitat: Soft bottom
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2014; month: 8; day: 14; habitat: Mud
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catalogNumber:
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,
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; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2010; month: 8; day: 21; habitat: Mud
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="SMNH" country="Sweden" latitude="58.33433" location="Bratten" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.154" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" specimenCode="SMNH- 177100" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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,
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Type status:</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
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waterBody: Skagerrak; country:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Type status:</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
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; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2011; month: 8; day: 11; habitat: Soft mud
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.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
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,
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; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2014; month: 8; day: 14; habitat: Mud
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="SMNH" country="Sweden" latitude="58.266666" location="Gullmarsfjord" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.466666" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" specimenCode="SMNH- 177120" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Sweden</collectingCountry>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F7CF42FF96557558A19006A8A91635F:FA6BC5961A023B9A335FF1CA9B20D636" country="Sweden" latitude="58.266666" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.466666" name="Gullmarsfjord" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Gullmarsfjord</location>
; minimumDepthInMeters: 54; maximumDepthInMeters: 54; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="16,00" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="58.266666">58°16,00'N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="28,00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="11.466666">11°28,00'E</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">O. Holovachov</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 1976; month: 4; day: 12; habitat: Very fine sediment
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="SMNH" country="Sweden" latitude="58.254166" location="Gullmarsfjord, near Fiskebaeckskil" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.455" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" specimenCode="SMNH- 177122" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">SMNH-177122</specimenCode>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">male</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Location:</emphasis>
waterBody: Skagerrak; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Sweden</collectingCountry>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F7CF42FF96557558A19006A8A91635F:94B4E3959841807B5154A22540218BFF" country="Sweden" latitude="58.254166" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.455" name="Gullmarsfjord, near Fiskebaeckskil" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">
Gullmarsfjord, near
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fiskebäckskil">Fiskebaeckskil</normalizedToken>
</location>
; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="15,25" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="58.254166">58°15,25'N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="27,30" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="11.455">11°27,30'E</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">O. Holovachov</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2011; month: 8; day: 11; habitat: Soft mud
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="SMNH" country="Sweden" latitude="58.254166" location="Gullmarsfjord, near Fiskebaeckskil" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.455" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" specimenCode="SMNH TYPE- 9205 (same slide as C. triclados)" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">SMNH TYPE-9205 (same slide as C.triclados)</specimenCode>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">2</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">female</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Location:</emphasis>
waterBody: Skagerrak; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Sweden</collectingCountry>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F7CF42FF96557558A19006A8A91635F:431F5BC5DF773EB9F5AD10EE8B626BD9" country="Sweden" latitude="58.254166" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.455" name="Gullmarsfjord, near Fiskebaeckskil" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">
Gullmarsfjord, near
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fiskebäckskil">Fiskebaeckskil</normalizedToken>
</location>
; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="15,25" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="58.254166">58°15,25'N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="27,30" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="11.455">11°27,30'E</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Oleksandr Holovachov</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2011; month: 8; day: 11; habitat: Soft mud
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="SMNH" country="Sweden" latitude="58.254166" location="Gullmarsfjord, near Fiskebaeckskil" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.455" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" specimenCode="SMNH TYPE- 9206 (same slide as C. triclados)" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">SMNH TYPE-9206 (same slide as C.triclados)</specimenCode>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">male</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Location:</emphasis>
waterBody: Skagerrak; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Sweden</collectingCountry>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F7CF42FF96557558A19006A8A91635F:634E1DFF24B686C8D3E0FCA086B8CB61" country="Sweden" latitude="58.254166" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="11.455" name="Gullmarsfjord, near Fiskebaeckskil" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">
Gullmarsfjord, near
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fiskebäckskil">Fiskebaeckskil</normalizedToken>
</location>
; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="15,25" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="58.254166">58°15,25'N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="27,30" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="11.455">11°27,30'E</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Oleksandr Holovachov</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2018;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Event:</emphasis>
year: 2011; month: 8; day: 11; habitat: Soft mud
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Measurements.</emphasis>
Table
<tableCitation captionStartId="T5234123" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CAB5F9EBA9044BF5774CE44A90FEE2B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" tableUuid="CAB5F9EBA9044BF5774CE44A90FEE2B3">3</tableCitation>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">
Adult.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F5342231" captionText="Figure 15. Campylaimus orientalis Fadeeva, Mordukhovich &amp; Zograf, 2016 (scale bars = 20 µm, PIJ = pharyngo-intestinal junction / cardia, EP = secretory-excretory pore): a: female tail; b: female pharyngeal region; c: male pharyngeal region; d: male caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.7.e46545.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/330939" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" tableDoi="10.3897/BDJ.7.e46545.figure15">Figs 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287134" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287147" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">17</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
. Cuticle without longitudinal striation. Lateral pair of outer labial sensilla distinct in some specimens, located half way between tip of lip region and anterior margin of amphid. Space between dorsal and ventral limbs of amphid developed. Lateral alae narrow, appearing externally as smooth uniform band with straight margins. It originates at posterior end of dorsal limb of amphid and ends in a small expansion at basis of tail tip (
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287147" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287157" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">f</figureCitation>
). Secretory-excretory pore opens posterior to cardia, at level with anterior part of intestine. Tail with conoid, gradually narrowing terminal part.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Male.</emphasis>
Anteriormost edge of amphid positioned anterior to oral opening. Dorsal limb of amphid extends for a short distance posteriorly, equal to 1.9-2.3 labial region diameters in length. Ventral limb of amphid extends along pharyngeal region to level of anterior third of pharynx; 1.2-1.4 times the length of dorsal limb. Ventral limb of amphid is as wide as dorsal limb. Interamphideal space extends along pharyngeal region to same level as ventral limb. Spicules with rounded manubrium and conoid, arcuate shaft. Gubernaculum plate-like, without apophysis. One small precloacal papilliform sensillum located on 6th annule anterior to cloacal opening (
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287147" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287154" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287155" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">d</figureCitation>
). Second precloacal pore-like sensillum located on 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="th">th-</normalizedToken>
11th annule anterior to cloacal opening (
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287147" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287154" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F5287155" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">d</figureCitation>
). Two pairs of ventrosublateral setae located along posterior half of tail and one pair of dorsosublateral setae located subterminally.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Female.</emphasis>
Anteriormost edge of amphid positioned anterior to oral opening. Dorsal limb of amphid extends for a short distance posteriorly, equal to 1.6-2.3 labial region diameters in length. Ventral limb of amphid extends along pharyngeal region to level of anterior third of pharynx; 1.2-1.4 times the length of dorsal limb. Ventral limb of amphid is as wide as dorsal limb. Interamphideal space extends along pharyngeal region to same level as ventral limb. Vagina straight. Vulva a transverse slit. One pair of ventrosublateral setae located along posterior third of tail and one pair of dorsosublateral setae located subterminally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">
Body 0.58-0.65 mm long; cuticle without longitudinal striation; anteriormost edge of amphid anterior to oral opening; dorsal limb of amphid equal to 1.9-2.3 labial region diameters in male, 1.6-2.3 labial region diameters in female; ventral limb of amphid extends towards anterior third of pharynx in both sexes, 1.2-1.4 times the length of dorsal limb in both sexes; ventral limb of amphid is as wide as dorsal limb; interamphideal space extends to same level as ventral limb; secretory-excretory pore opens posterior to cardia; spicules 23-27
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long; two precloacal supplements; tail equal to 3.9-5.3 anal body diameters in length, with conoid terminal part.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" type="taxon discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">
The main distinguishing feature of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545">C. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the shape of the amphid, where the ventral limb is only slightly longer than the dorsal limb and the inter-amphideal space is equal in width to either of the limbs of the amphid (
<bibRefCitation author="Fadeeva, Natalia" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="46545" pagination="222 - 238" refId="B5159465" refString="Fadeeva, Natalia, Mordukhovich, Vladimir, Zograf, Julia, 2016. Revision of the genus Campylaimus (Diplopeltidae, Nematoda) with description of four new species from the Sea of Japan. Zootaxa 4107: 222 - 238" title="Revision of the genus Campylaimus (Diplopeltidae, Nematoda) with description of four new species from the Sea of Japan" volume="4107" year="2016">Fadeeva et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). This feature unites both type population from the Sea of Japan and recently collected specimens from the Skagerrak, with recent specimens only being somewhat smaller in size (0.58-0.65 mm vs. 0.61-0.85 mm in type specimens), which also proportionally affects a number of other characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>