From 1d6036e712c78c42446ed19aba8aa884abf3e31a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver <ggserver@srv1.plazi.org> Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2024 14:11:25 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-18 14:05:20 --- .../29/D777297787018035FDF8303C617B574D.xml | 91 + .../29/D777297787038037FDCB3736614F5262.xml | 116 + .../29/D77729778707802CFF05301A674655C7.xml | 4246 +++++++++++++++++ .../29/D777297787208014FDBC37EA63C852E9.xml | 84 +- .../29/D7772977872E801AFD81348661EE53EF.xml | 85 +- .../29/D77729778734800FFDBD338561F9509D.xml | 97 +- .../29/D777297787378003FDFF376A63865262.xml | 114 + 7 files changed, 4703 insertions(+), 130 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/D7/77/29/D777297787018035FDF8303C617B574D.xml create mode 100644 data/D7/77/29/D777297787038037FDCB3736614F5262.xml create mode 100644 data/D7/77/29/D77729778707802CFF05301A674655C7.xml create mode 100644 data/D7/77/29/D777297787378003FDFF376A63865262.xml diff --git a/data/D7/77/29/D777297787018035FDF8303C617B574D.xml b/data/D7/77/29/D777297787018035FDF8303C617B574D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2bd5234ace6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D7/77/29/D777297787018035FDF8303C617B574D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +<document id="987873DF5C8C2DB93154132E72B1421C" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7222499" ID-ZooBank="390ED50A-A0D5-45B0-B9C4-BA4EE7F619B3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1666126103615" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam & Clark, Shawn M." docDate="2022" docId="D777297787018035FDF8303C617B574D" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-842_1-102.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 842" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Monoleptites (sect. 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Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87018035FF053070617B574D" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187018035FF053070631F5465" blockId="34.[189,303,1370,1396]" box="[189,303,1370,1396]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35"> +<heading id="04292F0D87018035FF053070631F5465" bold="true" box="[189,303,1370,1396]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387018035FF053070631F5465" bold="true" box="[189,303,1370,1396]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187018035FF0530A0617B574D" blockId="34.[189,1399,1418,1628]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35"> +The taxonomic rank and relationships of this group have varied quite dramatically. The group is sometimes viewed as a subtribe within the tribe +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287018035FCBE3084615B54D9" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[774,875,1454,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Luperini">Luperini</taxonomicName> +(e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FC023084666754D8" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[954,1111,1454,1481]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox 1965</bibRefCitation> +), while other times it is treated as a section within the subtribe +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287018035FD3130F960C354FC" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[649,755,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Luperina">Luperina</taxonomicName> +(e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FC8630F9667754FC" author="Seeno T. N. & Wilcox J. A." box="[830,1095,1491,1517]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 221" refId="ref40905" refString="Seeno T. N. & Wilcox J. A. 1982. Leaf beetle genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomography 1: 1 - 221." type="journal article" year="1982">Seeno & Wilcox 1982</bibRefCitation> +). However, in spite of the superficial similarity with the luperines, we concur with +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FCF730D2663E5703" author="Nie R. & Breeschoten T. & Timmermans M. J. T. N. & Nadein K. & Xue H. & Bai M. & Huang Y. & Yang X. & Vogler A. P." box="[847,1038,1528,1554]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="113 - 130" refId="ref40011" refString="Nie R., Breeschoten T., Timmermans M. J. T. N., Nadein K., Xue H., Bai M., Huang Y., Yang X. & Vogler A. P. 2018. The phylogeny of Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the performance of mitochondrial genomes in phylogenetic inference compared to nuclear rRNA genes. Cladistics 34: 113 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12196" type="journal article" year="2018"> +Nie +<emphasis id="6DAA447387018035FCC730D361895703" box="[895,953,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis> +(2018) +</bibRefCitation> +that the group is quite distinct. Perhaps, it should be treated as a separate tribe of +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287018035FC97333761F15726" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[815,961,1565,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galerucinae">Galerucinae</taxonomicName> +. Even so, until greater consensus is achieved, we continue to list it as a section of +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287018035FD6133686177574D" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[729,839,1602,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Luperina">Luperina</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D7/77/29/D777297787038037FDCB3736614F5262.xml b/data/D7/77/29/D777297787038037FDCB3736614F5262.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4de26ad9356 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D7/77/29/D777297787038037FDCB3736614F5262.xml @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +<document id="5C52A43984C3D880AEE6FF74BCB106DE" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7222499" ID-ZooBank="390ED50A-A0D5-45B0-B9C4-BA4EE7F619B3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1666126103615" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam & Clark, Shawn M." docDate="2022" docId="D777297787038037FDCB3736614F5262" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-842_1-102.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 842" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pteleon Jacoby 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="2B4E510F87238017FFB8352A62305111" masterDocTitle="New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1734530697782" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED"> +<mods:mods id="010BB81B9EE7160EBA188D1AAA41F33B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="3A2FB26EB65579075E42159B2C639064"> +<mods:title id="E8BC1695C1BE9D9352E8DD9CAA37B13A">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="8E3590BFA040D8B9038ED3CC15617291" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="663CDA661673B5B3F792C12FC5E311B7"> +<mods:roleTerm id="A5572F77019CB3EA06477260BC2C269A">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="EB1A4B7E878996F1D6ACBBA3B5D60E9A">Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA2CC54F97DEAB180247CCFCB41A3A36" type="LSID">D4086923-B29E-40C6-BB48-0E6D3E83E7EE</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="64C8270429CE5A70D2F506B1CD055D15">Monte L. 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London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87038037FF05377760D1538B" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187038037FF05377760D1538B" blockId="32.[189,1398,605,667]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="7FCEBF4F87038037FF05377760D1538B" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087038037FF05377763C45366" author="Jacoby M." box="[189,500,605,632]" page="603" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1888"> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FF05377763C45366" ID-CoL="74JB" authority="Jacoby, 1888: 603" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityPageNumber="603" authorityYear="1888" box="[189,500,605,632]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pteleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FF05377763275366" box="[189,279,605,631]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pteleon</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FEA6377763C45366" author="Jacoby M." box="[286,500,605,632]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888: 603</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</treatmentCitation> +( +<typeStatus id="806526C387038037FDBC377460085369" box="[516,568,606,632]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus> +species +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FD25377766795369" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[669,1097,605,632]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pteleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicaeruleus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD25377761965366" box="[669,934,605,631]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pteleon semicaeruleus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FC15377766795369" author="Jacoby M." box="[941,1097,605,632]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, by original designation), +<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FF5337AB601F538A" bold="true" box="[235,559,640,667]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">new taxonomic placement</emphasis> +(in Scelidites). +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87038037FF0537E8614F5262" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187038037FF0537E8631F53CD" blockId="32.[189,303,706,732]" box="[189,303,706,732]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +<heading id="04292F0D87038037FF0537E8631F53CD" bold="true" box="[189,303,706,732]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FF0537E8631F53CD" bold="true" box="[189,303,706,732]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187038037FF0537DA614F5262" blockId="32.[189,1399,752,884]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +This genus was formerly classified in the section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FCB437DA6670521B" authority="Wilcox, 1973" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1973" box="[780,1088,752,778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="section" section="Exosomites"> +Exosomites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FC2537DA6670521B" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[925,1088,752,778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref41867" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1973. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa: 433 - 664. Pars 78, Fasc. 3 (Editio seconda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book" year="1973">Wilcox, 1973</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +. However, +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FB7F37DA633B523C" author="Gillespie J. J. & Tallamy D. W. & Riley E. G. & Cognato A. I." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="195 - 222" refId="ref37968" refString="Gillespie J. J., Tallamy D. W., Riley E. G. & Cognato A. I. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of rootworms and related galerucine beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zoologica Scripta 37: 195 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2007.00320. x" type="journal article" year="2008"> +Gillespie +<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FA8237DB6747521B" box="[1338,1399,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis> +(2008) +</bibRefCitation> +provided evidence indicating that it is nested within +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FC1936396627523C" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[929,1047,787,813]" pageId="32" pageNumber="64" rank="section" section="Scelidites">Scelidites</taxonomicName> +. We here formally make the taxonomic change. The genus contains three described species. They occur in the southwestern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187038037FA9F361C63345262" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">United States</collectingCountry> +and in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187038037FEE3367363885262" box="[347,440,857,883]" name="Mexico" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mexico</collectingCountry> +. See +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487038037FE4D367360675262" box="[501,599,857,883]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 137</figureCitation> +for a habitus illustration. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D7/77/29/D77729778707802CFF05301A674655C7.xml b/data/D7/77/29/D77729778707802CFF05301A674655C7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ab733d3e8a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D7/77/29/D77729778707802CFF05301A674655C7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,4246 @@ +<document id="CB18EE12F079D17AEC00F0B31B047977" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7222499" ID-ZooBank="390ED50A-A0D5-45B0-B9C4-BA4EE7F619B3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1666126103615" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam & Clark, Shawn M." docDate="2022" docId="D77729778707802CFF05301A674655C7" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-842_1-102.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 842" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Galerucinae Latreille 1802" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="2B4E510F87238017FFB8352A62305111" masterDocTitle="New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1734531050155" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED"> +<mods:mods id="E1F6F843316CD8AA663F9A6B08E9D69A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="44108D10D5E9B1B4234A023E9D801F19"> +<mods:title id="CB3752DE603521F0C9E4125DD6755705">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="A748948E14CEB7ECBA7352AF1E63D015" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9ED8031CCC88488870A3E501A5A4A0BE"> +<mods:roleTerm id="ED11ECC5499F0E23677E92A6293C4CFE">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0934E247DE8CBE78E166A2A6E0B2651A">Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="007789FC8B8F24F7D5EA2AE6C6046BBD" type="LSID">D4086923-B29E-40C6-BB48-0E6D3E83E7EE</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="AF29CFDA9647F0BBEF70B1FCED164A3F">Monte L. 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G. & Clark S. M. & Flowers R. W. & Gilbert A. J." box="[378,589,1382,1409]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="617 - 691" refId="ref40505" refString="Riley E. G., Clark S. M., Flowers R. W. & Gilbert A. J. 2002 a. Chrysomelidae Latreille 1802. In: Arnett R. H., Thomas M. C., Skelley P. E. & Frank J. H. (eds) American Beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea: 617 - 691. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." type="book chapter" year="2002"> +Riley +<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FE79304D63C45491" box="[449,500,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis> +. 2002a +</bibRefCitation> +) +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87078032FF05308367475732" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="key"> +<key id="2B4FCF5087078032FF05308367475732" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187078033FF053083674757FD" blockId="36.[189,1400,1449,2025]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37"> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487078033FF053083674757FD" pageId="36" pageNumber="37"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487078033FF05308367475749" pageId="36" pageNumber="37"> +1. Hind femur usually adapted for jumping, broad, with internal extensor apodeme (spring); if hind femora slender, then prosternum comparatively broad, forming small horizontally flattened area between front coxae; pronotum variable, but often with transverse prebasal groove in basal fourth (this groove is not to be confused with fine sulcus delimiting basal bead); inner wall of epipleuron usually with two elytron-to-body binding patches .............................. +<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FBAD331766695746" bold="true" box="[1045,1113,1597,1623]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tribe</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FBE7331767475749" authority="Newman, 1835" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1835" box="[1119,1399,1597,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Alticini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FBE73317668C5746" bold="true" box="[1119,1212,1597,1623]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Alticini</emphasis> +Newman, 1835 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487078033FF793349674757FD" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">– Hind femur not abnormally broad (except rarely), without sclerotized internal extensor apodeme (spring); front coxae contiguous, or narrowly separated by keel-like prosternum; pronotum sometimes shallowly impressed near base, but never with well-defined, transverse groove in basal fourth; inner wall of epipleuron with single elytron-to-body binding patch ..................................... 2</keyLead> +</keyStep> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187078033FF05323F674656F9" blockId="36.[189,1400,1449,2025]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37"> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487078033FF05323F674656F9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487078033FF05323F67475668" pageId="36" pageNumber="37"> +2. Median lobe of aedeagus with prominent basal spurs ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487078033FC3D323F61C0563E" box="[901,1008,1813,1839]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 148</figureCitation> +); last ventrite of male abdomen without apical lobe; antennae usually inserted low on frons, beyond middle of eyes; larvae, where known, feeding on leaves .................................................................................................................. 3 +</keyLead> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487078033FF7932AF674656F9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37"> +– Basal spurs of aedeagus small or absent ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487078033FD6232AE6173568F" box="[730,835,1924,1950]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 149</figureCitation> +); male abdomen variable, sometimes with lobe at apex; antennae usually inserted higher, nearer middle of eyes; larvae, where known, feeding on roots. .................................................................................................4 ( +<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FBA432E4665056F9" bold="true" box="[1052,1120,1998,2024]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tribe</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FBDF32E4675E56F9" ID-CoL="KYH" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1127,1390,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Luperini"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FBDF32E466E656F9" bold="true" box="[1127,1238,1998,2024]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Luperini</emphasis> +Gistel, 1848 +</taxonomicName> +) +</keyLead> +</keyStep> +</paragraph> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487068032FF0534236747537C" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF053423674750CA" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF053423674750CA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +3. Posterior-most ventrite of male abdomen usually with median, apical, semicircular depression; abdominal apex sometimes emarginate behind impression; tarsal claws of most genera either simple ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487068032FF4A34786368507D" box="[242,344,338,364]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 144</figureCitation> +) or bifid with narrow, sharply pointed appendage ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487068032FC0934786629507D" box="[945,1049,338,364]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 146</figureCitation> +); anterior and posterior tibiae usually without terminal spurs; larvae feeding on leaves.................................................................... ............. +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FEED34B163A950A4" bold="true" box="[341,409,411,437]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Tribe</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FE1834B160EE50A4" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[416,734,411,437]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FE1834B1601650A4" bold="true" box="[416,550,411,437]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Galerucini</emphasis> +Latreille, 1802 +</taxonomicName> +: Sections +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FCEA34B166AD50A7" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[850,1181,411,438]" genus="World" pageId="37" pageNumber="14" rank="section" section="Apophyliites"> +Apophyliites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FC4934B166AD50A7" author="Chapuis F." box="[1009,1181,411,438]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FB1F34B1631750CA" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" pageId="37" pageNumber="8" rank="section" section="Atysites"> +Atysites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FAB734B1631750CA" author="Chapuis F." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FE8434EA60AC50CA" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[316,668,448,475]" pageId="37" pageNumber="4" rank="section" section="Coelomerites"> +Coelomerites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FE5034EA60AC50CA" author="Chapuis F." box="[488,668,448,475]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FD0934EA61CD50CB" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[689,1021,448,474]" pageId="37" pageNumber="13" rank="section" section="Galerucites">Galerucites Latreille, 1802</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FBAA34EA674750CA" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1042,1399,448,475]" pageId="37" pageNumber="9" rank="section" section="Schematizites"> +Schematizites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB7D34EA674750CA" author="Chapuis F." box="[1221,1399,448,475]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF7934CF6747537C" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF7934CF6747537C" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +– Posterior-most ventrite of male abdomen without distinct impression, although sometimes flattened; tibiae usually with terminal spurs; tarsal claws of most genera appendiculate, with broad, blunt lobe ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487068032FE7C3704601B5359" box="[452,555,557,584]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 145</figureCitation> +); larvae unknown for most genera, but feeding on leaves in at least one genus.............................................................................................. +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC503778661C537D" bold="true" box="[1000,1068,594,620]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Tribe</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FB8B37786747537C" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1075,1399,594,621]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metacyclini"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FB8B377866F6537D" bold="true" box="[1075,1222,594,620]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Metacyclini</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB7537786747537C" author="Chapuis F." box="[1229,1399,594,621]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487068032FF0537BF6746520F" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF0537BF674653C5" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF0537BF674653C5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +4. Last ventrite of male abdomen with rectangular lobe ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487068032FCD937BF663453BE" box="[865,1028,661,687]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs 198–199</figureCitation> +) ................................................ ................................................................................................... 5 ( +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC543793666953C2" bold="true" box="[1004,1113,697,723]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Subtribe</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FBD93793675E53C5" ID-CoL="92DMX" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1121,1390,697,724]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Luperina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FBD9379366E653C2" bold="true" box="[1121,1238,697,723]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Luperina</emphasis> +Gistel, 1848 +</taxonomicName> +) +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF7937F56746520F" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF7937F56746520F" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +– Last ventrite of male apically rounded or slightly truncate, without lobe........................................... .......................................................................................... 7 ( +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC1236296627520C" bold="true" box="[938,1047,771,797]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Subtribe</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FBA63629675E520F" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1054,1390,771,798]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Diabroticina"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FBA63629668C520C" bold="true" box="[1054,1212,771,797]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diabroticina</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB7B3629675E520F" author="Chapuis F." box="[1219,1390,771,798]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +) +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487068032FF05366F67475295" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF05366F67475271" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" box="[189,1399,837,864]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF05366F67475271" box="[189,1399,837,864]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +5. Elytral epipleura extremely narrow, indistinct..................... +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC26366F66F6524E" bold="true" box="[926,1222,837,863]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +Section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FBB9366F67475271" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1025,1399,837,864]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="section" section="Phyllobroticites"> +Phyllobroticites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB75366C67475271" author="Chapuis F." box="[1229,1399,837,864]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF79364167475295" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" box="[193,1399,874,901]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF79364167475295" box="[193,1399,874,901]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">– Elytral epipleura normal, comparatively broad at least basally......................................................... 6</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487068032FF0536876747556E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF05368767475500" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF05368767475500" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +6. Tarsomere 1 of hind leg distinctly longer than 2 and 3 combined; apical lobe of last ventrite of male abdomen large, nearly square (as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487068032FCBF36F8614452FD" box="[775,884,978,1004]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 198</figureCitation> +); aedeagal orifice covered by sclerotized plate........................................................................................... +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC7836DC66F65501" bold="true" box="[960,1222,1014,1040]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +Section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FB9B36DC67475500" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1059,1399,1014,1041]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="section" section="Monoleptites"> +Monoleptites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB7536DC67475500" author="Chapuis F." box="[1229,1399,1014,1041]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF7931316747556E" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF7931316747556E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +– Tarsomere 1 of hind leg usually shorter than 2 and 3 combined; apical lobe of male abdomen usually much wider than long (as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487068032FDF331156085554B" box="[587,693,1087,1114]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 199</figureCitation> +); aedeagal orifice variable, but usually without sclerotized covering .......................................................................................... +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC56314E66F5556F" bold="true" box="[1006,1221,1124,1150]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +Section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FBE8314E6747556E" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1104,1399,1124,1151]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="section" section="Scelidites"> +Scelidites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB75314E6747556E" author="Chapuis F." box="[1229,1399,1124,1151]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487068032FF05318D674755F7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF05318D674755D0" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" box="[189,1399,1191,1217]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF05318D674755D0" box="[189,1399,1191,1217]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +7. Mesotibia of male with deep, inner, subapical notch ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487068032FCE2318D618E55D0" box="[858,958,1191,1217]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 201</figureCitation> +).. +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC62318D66DA55D0" bold="true" box="[986,1258,1191,1217]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +Section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FB85318D674755D0" authority="Horn, 1892" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1892" box="[1085,1399,1191,1217]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="section" section="Phyllecthrites">Phyllecthrites Horn, 1892</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF7931E6674755F7" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" box="[193,1399,1227,1254]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF7931E6674755F7" box="[193,1399,1227,1254]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">– Mesotibia of male without subapical notch ....................................................................................... 8</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487068032FF05302467475463" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF0530246747545F" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF0530246747545F" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +8. Tarsal claws bifid, with narrow, sharply pointed inner lobe (as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487068032FF523019637D545C" box="[234,333,1331,1357]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 146</figureCitation> +).................................................................................... +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC7A301966F6545C" bold="true" box="[962,1222,1331,1357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +Section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FB9D30196747545F" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1061,1399,1331,1358]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="section" section="Diabroticites"> +Diabroticites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB7530196747545F" author="Chapuis F." box="[1229,1399,1331,1358]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF79307267475463" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" box="[193,1399,1367,1394]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF79307267475463" box="[193,1399,1367,1394]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +– Tarsal claws appendiculate, with comparatively broad, blunt inner lobe (as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487068032FBC1307D66EC5463" box="[1145,1244,1367,1394]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 145</figureCitation> +) ................ 9 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487068032FF0530B067475732" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF0530B0674754C8" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF0530B0674754C8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +9. Elytra entirely dark, with distinct transverse impression near basal third........................................... .............................................................................................. +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC1E309566E254C8" bold="true" box="[934,1234,1471,1497]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +Section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FBB03095674754C8" authority="Wilcox, 1972" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1972" box="[1032,1399,1471,1497]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="section" section="Trachyscelidites"> +Trachyscelidites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB603095674754C8" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[1240,1399,1471,1497]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref41823" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1972. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Aulacphorina, Diabroticina. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa: 296 - 431. Pars 78, Fasc. 2 (Editio seconda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book" year="1972">Wilcox, 1972</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF7930CE67475732" blockId="37.[189,1399,265,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487068032FF7930CE67475732" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +– Elytra often colored otherwise, without transverse impression across basal third .............................. ................................................................................................... +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FC72332266F65733" bold="true" box="[970,1222,1544,1570]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +Section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FB95332267475732" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1069,1399,1544,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="section" section="Cerotomites"> +Cerotomites +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB75332267475732" author="Chapuis F." box="[1229,1399,1544,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +</key> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87068031FF05337A61FB5056" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="multiple"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068032FF05337A6642577D" blockId="37.[189,1138,1615,1644]" box="[189,1138,1615,1644]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387068032FF05337A6642577D" bold="true" box="[189,1138,1615,1644]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +Key to the genera of adult +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FDA1336561B5577A" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[537,901,1615,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galerucinae">Galerucinae Latreille, 1802</taxonomicName> +of the New +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FB9B33656642577D" box="[1059,1138,1615,1644]" genus="World" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">World</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187068031FF0533AF61FB5056" blockId="37.[189,1400,1669,2025]" lastBlockId="38.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38"> +The following key does not deal with the genera of +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287068032FC8E33AF61A3578E" ID-CoL="KKH" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1835" box="[822,915,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Alticini">Alticini</taxonomicName> +. See +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FC6E33AF66B1578E" author="Scherer G." box="[982,1153,1669,1695]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="497 - 607" refId="ref40807" refString="Scherer G. 1962. Bestimmungsschlussel der neotropischen Alticinen-Genera (Col. Chrysom.). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, Tutzing 13 (2): 497 - 607." type="journal article" year="1962">Scherer (1962</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087068032FB3733AF66FB578E" author="Scherer G." box="[1167,1227,1669,1695]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref40867" refString="Scherer G. 1983. Diagnostic key for the Neotropical alticine genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, Tutzing 31 / 32: 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation> +) for keys that enable identification of most of those genera. It is not necessary to know the tribe etc. before using the following key to genera. As evidenced by the preceding key, galerucine classification is largely based on male features, especially those found on the aedeagus. The following key to genera partially reflects this, in that some of the couplets mention only male characteristics. Indeed, users will occasionally be frustrated in their attempts at identification, if only female specimens are available for examination. However, such instances are less frequent than in previously published keys. The principal objective of our key is to facilitate identification, rather than follow phylogeny. In an effort to enable identification of females, as well as males, we usually use characters that are present in either gender. Some of these characteristics are of very little value in classification. Accordingly, genera that key out close to each other might be quite distantly related. Moreover, the superficial characters (such as color) may not always allow for proper generic placement of undescribed species. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA8705802CFF053445674655C7" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="key"> +<key id="2B4FCF508705802CFF053445674655C7" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487058031FF0534456747532A" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF053445674750C1" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF053445674750C1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +1. Hind femora clearly enlarged, except rarely; extensor apodeme present inside hind femur; front coxae of most genera clearly separated from each other by posterior process of prosternum ............ ................................................................................. +<emphasis id="6DAA447387058031FCFC349F61DB50DE" bold="true" box="[836,1003,437,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +Tribe +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287058031FC36349F669550C0" authority="Newman, 1835" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1835" box="[910,1189,437,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Alticini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alticini Newman, 1835</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +(not treated here) +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF7934F06747532A" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF7934F06747532A" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +– Hind femora not abnormally enlarged (except in +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287058031FC8534F061EE50E2" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1958" box="[829,990,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Leptonesiotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387058031FC8534F061EE50E2" box="[829,990,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leptonesiotes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, an anomalous genus from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187058031FA8934F3674250E2" box="[1329,1394,473,499]" name="Cuba" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cuba</collectingCountry> +, +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FF5234D763615306" box="[234,337,509,535]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 202</figureCitation> +); extensor apodeme absent from inside hind femur; front coxae of most genera contiguous or very narrowly separated ................................................................................................................ 2 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487058031FF053749674753D5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF053749674753B1" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF053749674753B1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +2. Epipleuron extremely narrow along entire length, narrower than width of second antennomere ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FF4B37AC636853B0" box="[243,344,646,673]" captionStart="Figs 224–228" captionStartId="100.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,273,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-65@100.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figs 224–228. Elytra. 224. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954), showing elytral costae. 225. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, showing extreme reduction of epipleuron. 226. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879), showing elytral fovea and modification. 227. Paratriarius sp., showing elytral modification. 228. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222603/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 225</figureCitation> +) ........................................................................................................................................... 3 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF793780674753D5" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" box="[193,1399,682,708]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF793780674753D5" box="[193,1399,682,708]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">– Epipleuron wider, at least near base .................................................................................................. 6</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487058031FF0537C6674752A9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF0537C66747525C" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF0537C66747525C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +3. Tarsal claws appendiculate, with inner appendage broad and apically blunt ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FBC637C666D85217" box="[1150,1256,747,774]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 145</figureCitation> +); male with terminal abdominal ventrite impressed, with rectangular lobe at apex ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FBEA3625668E5238" box="[1106,1214,783,809]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 199</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FF52361963BE525C" box="[234,398,819,845]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 132, 134</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187058031FDFF361960AF525C" box="[583,671,819,845]" name="Canada" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Canada</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187058031FD6036196145525C" box="[728,885,819,845]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">United States</collectingCountry> +.................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287058031FBB736186747525C" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[1039,1399,818,845]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllobrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387058031FBB736186682525C" bold="true" box="[1039,1202,818,845]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Phyllobrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087058031FB0136196747525C" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[1209,1399,819,845]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF79367D674752A9" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF79367D674752A9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +– Tarsal claws bifid, with inner appendage apically pointed ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FC7E367D66435261" box="[966,1139,854,881]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 146–147</figureCitation> +); male with terminal abdominal ventrite semicircularly incised ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FD5F365061A05285" box="[743,912,890,917]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 195, 197</figureCitation> +), but without median rectangular lobe at apex.................................................................................................................................................... 4 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487058031FF0536CA67475574" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF0536CA6747550F" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF0536CA6747550F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +4. Metasternum shorter than basal abdominal ventrite; both pronotum and elytra with well-developed tubercles ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FEDD3129638C550F" box="[357,444,1027,1054]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 21</figureCitation> +); distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187058031FDC7312E60CF550C" box="[639,767,1027,1054]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +..................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287058031FC2531296747550F" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2020" box="[925,1399,1027,1054]" genus="Apteroyinga" pageId="38" pageNumber="4" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387058031FC2531296601550C" bold="true" box="[925,1073,1027,1053]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Apteroyinga</emphasis> +Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF79310267475574" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF79310267475574" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">– Metasternum longer than basal abdominal ventrite; pronotum and elytra not both strongly tuberculate.......................................................................................................................................... 5</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487058031FF0531A66747546C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF0531A667475403" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF0531A667475403" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +5. Elytron with strongly developed carina, beginning at humerus and extending most of elytral length, simulating edge of extremely broad epipleuron ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FC93319A61E555DB" box="[811,981,1200,1226]" captionStart="Figs 218–223. 218" captionStartId="99.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,265,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-76@99.[218,1351,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figs 218–223. 218. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923), lateral view showing elytral carina. 219. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956, lateral view showing elytral carina. 220. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), lateral view showing elytral costa. 221. Metrogaleruca sp., lateral view showing elytropleuron. 222. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view. 223. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view of elytron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222595/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 218–219</figureCitation> +); elytra with numerous long, erect, comparatively sparse setae, without short, dense, appressed setae ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FB9C31FE668355FF" box="[1060,1203,1236,1262]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 16–17</figureCitation> +); distribution in northern South America and perhaps Central America ............................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287058031FBF831DD67475403" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[1088,1399,1271,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Socorroita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387058031FBF831DD668F5400" bold="true" box="[1088,1215,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Socorroita</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1956 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF7930366747546C" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF7930366747546C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +– Elytron without posthumeral carina; elytra densely covered in very short, dense, appressed setae, in addition to longer, sparser, erect setae; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FCF5301561925448" box="[845,930,1343,1369]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 11</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187058031FBE3301566885448" box="[1115,1208,1343,1369]" name="Panama" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Panama</collectingCountry> +......................... .................................................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287058031FB8030486747546C" authority="Hincks, 1949" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1949" box="[1080,1399,1378,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neophaestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387058031FB80304866E3546C" bold="true" box="[1080,1235,1378,1405]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Neophaestus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087058031FB6230486747546C" author="Hincks W. D." box="[1242,1399,1378,1405]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="607 - 622" refId="ref38219" refString="Hincks W. D. 1949. Some nomenclatural notes on Chrysomelidae (Col.). No. 1, Galerucinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12 (2): 607 - 622. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908654009" type="journal article" year="1949">Hincks, 1949</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487058031FF05308E6746575C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF05308E67475717" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF05308E67475717" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +6. Elytra with dense, short, subappressed setae, in most species covering entire disc, in some species evident only in basolateral area; in some species, elytral surface obscured by dense setae; basal spurs of aedeagus well developed in most species ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FD4130C1616D5717" box="[761,861,1515,1542]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 148</figureCitation> +)..................................................................... 7 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF79333A6746575C" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF79333A6746575C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +– Elytral setae, when present, rather sparse, long, and erect; elytral surface clearly visible, even when sparsely pubescent; basal spurs of aedeagus either present ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FC1933196635575C" box="[929,1029,1587,1613]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 148</figureCitation> +) or absent ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FB28331966C4575C" box="[1168,1268,1587,1613]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 149</figureCitation> +) ........... 47 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487058031FF05335F674757C7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF05335F6747579E" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" box="[189,1399,1653,1679]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF05335F6747579E" box="[189,1399,1653,1679]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">7. Tarsal claws appendiculate; inner appendage of claw broad and apically blunt ............................... 8</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF7933B3674757C7" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF7933B3674757C7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">– Tarsal claws bifid or simple; inner appendage of claw, when present, narrow, with apex sharply pointed ............................................................................................................................................... 9</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487058031FF0533D467465695" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF0533D46747562A" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF0533D46747562A" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +8. Body larger than +<quantity id="9826358487058031FE0333D460205609" box="[443,528,1790,1816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity> +long; male with distal five antennomeres enlarged, wider than preceding antennomeres; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FD8F320B604E562D" box="[567,638,1825,1852]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 3</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187058031FC8F320B614F562A" box="[823,895,1825,1851]" name="Brazil" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry> +.................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287058031FBB7320B6747562A" authority="Bechyne, 1963" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1963" box="[1039,1399,1825,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Austrochorina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387058031FBB7320B668F562D" bold="true" box="[1039,1215,1825,1852]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Austrochorina</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087058031FB7E320B6747562A" author="Bechyne J." box="[1222,1399,1825,1851]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="235 - 239" refId="ref34431" refString="Bechyne J. 1963. Notes sur quelques Chrysomeloidea neotropicaux nouveaux ou peu connus (Col. Phytophaga). Bulletin mensuel de la Societe linneenne de Lyon 32 (8): 235 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / linly. 1963.7170" type="journal article" year="1963">Bechyné, 1963</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF79326C67465695" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF79326C67465695" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +– Body less than +<quantity id="9826358487058031FE25326F63DF5671" box="[413,495,1861,1888]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity> +long; male antennae filiform ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FCE8326F61E8564E" box="[848,984,1861,1887]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 26–27</figureCitation> +); distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187058031FB03326F6725564E" box="[1211,1301,1861,1887]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America ...................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287058031FC9A324266695692" authority="Bechyne, 1963" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1963" box="[802,1113,1896,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Itaitubana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387058031FC9A324261915692" bold="true" box="[802,929,1896,1923]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Itaitubana</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087058031FC11324366695692" author="Bechyne J." box="[937,1113,1897,1923]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="235 - 239" refId="ref34431" refString="Bechyne J. 1963. Notes sur quelques Chrysomeloidea neotropicaux nouveaux ou peu connus (Col. Phytophaga). Bulletin mensuel de la Societe linneenne de Lyon 32 (8): 235 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / linly. 1963.7170" type="journal article" year="1963">Bechyné, 1963</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 25] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487058031FF053281674656F9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF053281674656D4" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" box="[189,1398,1963,1989]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF053281674656D4" box="[189,1398,1963,1989]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +9. Tarsal claws simple, without inner appendage ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FCAA3281614656D4" box="[786,886,1963,1989]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 144</figureCitation> +) ............................................................... 10 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187058031FF7932E5674656F9" blockId="38.[189,1401,366,2025]" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487058031FF7932E5674656F9" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39"> +– Tarsal claws bifid, with sharply pointed inner appendage ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487058031FC2932E4660556F9" box="[913,1077,1998,2024]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 146–147</figureCitation> +) ..................................... 13 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487048030FF05342367465082" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF05342367475059" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF05342367475059" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +10. Antennomeres 6–10 more elongate than described below; each elytron dark with pale, transverse or oblique band across middle; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FD6D3404612C5059" box="[725,796,302,328]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 8</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187048030FC6E3404662E5059" box="[982,1054,302,328]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry> +.............. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FB33340467475059" authority="Baly, 1866" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1866" box="[1163,1399,302,329]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chorina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387048030FB33340466C05058" bold="true" box="[1163,1264,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chorina</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087048030FB40340467475059" author="Baly J. S." box="[1272,1399,302,328]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="471 - 478" refId="ref33972" refString="Baly J. S. 1866. New genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (3 rd Series) 2: 471 - 478. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1865. tb 00121. x" type="journal article" year="1866">Baly, 1866</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF79347E67465082" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF79347E67465082" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">– Antennomeres 6–10 short, each only slightly longer than broad; elytral color pattern not as above.................................................................................................................................................11</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487048030FF05349667465357" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF053496674750EA" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF053496674750EA" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +11. Pronotal punctures much smaller than those of elytra; body more than +<quantity id="9826358487048030FB80349666BD50C6" box="[1080,1165,444,471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity> +long; gender either male or female; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FDFD34C860BC50ED" box="[581,652,482,508]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 9</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187048030FCFE34C8614C50ED" box="[838,892,482,508]" name="Peru" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Peru</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187048030FC0D34C8665350ED" box="[949,1123,482,508]" name="French Guiana" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">French Guiana</collectingCountry> +... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FB3834CB674750EA" authority="Baly, 1866" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1866" box="[1152,1399,481,508]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Syphaxia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387048030FB3834CB66C050ED" bold="true" box="[1152,1264,481,508]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Syphaxia</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087048030FB4034C8674750EA" author="Baly J. S." box="[1272,1399,481,508]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="471 - 478" refId="ref33972" refString="Baly J. S. 1866. New genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (3 rd Series) 2: 471 - 478. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1865. tb 00121. x" type="journal article" year="1866">Baly, 1866</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF79372D67465357" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF79372D67465357" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +– Pronotal punctures as large as, or much larger than, those of elytra; body less than +<quantity id="9826358487048030FB63372D67005330" box="[1243,1328,519,545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity> +long; gender female (males with bifid claws) ........................................................................................... 12 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487048030FF05375A67475255" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF05375A674653C5" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF05375A674653C5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +12. Pronotal punctures much larger than those of elytra; body length usually larger than 6.0 mm; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FE9F37BF634E53BE" box="[295,382,661,687]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 34</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187048030FDE137BF608153BE" box="[601,689,661,687]" name="Canada" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FD6D37BF617A53BE" ID-CoL="32LP" box="[725,842,661,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="39" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName> +......................................................................... ....................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FD463790661153C5" ID-CoL="6343R" authority="Blake, 1936" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1936" box="[766,1057,698,725]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Erynephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387048030FD46379061BC53C4" bold="true" box="[766,908,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Erynephala</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087048030FC2B3790661153C5" author="Blake D. H." box="[915,1057,698,724]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref34989" refString="Blake D. H. 1936. A redisposition of Monoxia puncticollis and allied species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 26 (10): 423 - 430." type="journal article" year="1936">Blake, 1936</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 15, 47] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF7937CA67475255" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF7937CA67475255" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +– Pronotal punctures similar in size to those of elytra; body length usually less than 6.0 mm; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FE91362F634F5231" box="[297,383,773,800]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 35</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187048030FDE3362F6083520E" box="[603,691,773,799]" name="Canada" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187048030FD60362F6167520E" box="[728,855,773,799]" name="Guatemala" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +......................................................................... ............................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FC8E360066695254" ID-CoL="63D9G" authority="LeConte, 1865" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1865" box="[822,1113,810,837]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387048030FC8E360061935255" bold="true" box="[822,931,810,836]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Monoxia</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087048030FC12360066695254" author="LeConte J. L." box="[938,1113,810,837]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 41] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487048030FF053644674652BC" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF05364467465299" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,878,904]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF05364467465299" box="[189,1398,878,904]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">13. Pronotal punctures much larger than those of elytra ....................................................................... 14</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF7936BE674652BC" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,915,942]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF7936BE674652BC" box="[193,1398,915,942]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">– Pronotal punctures not larger than those of elytra, or only slightly larger ...................................... 16</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487048030FF0536FD67465597" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF0536FD6747552A" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF0536FD6747552A" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +14. Eyes separated from each other by distance greater than length of basal antennomere; pronotum pale, with two dark spots; elytra dark, with sutural, median, and lateral pale vittae; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FF52310B6371552D" box="[234,321,1057,1084]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 45</figureCitation> +; distribution in Hispaniola.................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FBCC310B6747552A" authority="Clark, 1987" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1987" box="[1140,1399,1057,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonaives" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387048030FBCC310B66D4552A" bold="true" box="[1140,1252,1057,1083]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Gonaives</emphasis> +Clark, 1987 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF79316D67465597" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF79316D67465597" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">– Eyes separated from each other by distance less than length of basal antennomere; color not as above................................................................................................................................................ 15</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487048030FF053185674654E5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF0531856746544F" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF0531856746544F" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +15. Basal margin of pronotum gently curved from meson to posterolateral pronotal angle; posterolateral angle only slightly more anterior than most posterior part of prothorax; males only (females with simple tarsal claws); aedeagus extraordinarily long, C-shaped, forming complete semicircle in lateral view; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FDA5303560445428" box="[541,628,1311,1337]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 34</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187048030FCF7303561975428" box="[847,935,1311,1337]" name="Canada" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FC73303566705428" ID-CoL="32LP" box="[971,1088,1311,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="39" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName> +........................................ ....................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FD46306E6611544F" ID-CoL="6343R" authority="Blake, 1936" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1936" box="[766,1057,1348,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Erynephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387048030FD46306E61BC544E" bold="true" box="[766,908,1348,1375]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Erynephala</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087048030FC2B306E6611544F" author="Blake D. H." box="[915,1057,1348,1374]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref34989" refString="Blake D. H. 1936. A redisposition of Monoxia puncticollis and allied species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 26 (10): 423 - 430." type="journal article" year="1936">Blake, 1936</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 12, 47] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF793040674654E5" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF793040674654E5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +– Basal margin of pronotum very strongly bisinuate from meson to posterolateral pronotal angle; posterolateral angle positioned far anterior to most posterior part of pronotum ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FB1D30A5673F54B8" box="[1189,1295,1423,1449]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 188</figureCitation> +); gender either male or female; aedeagus not as above; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FC06309E662754DF" box="[958,1047,1460,1486]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 40</figureCitation> +; distribution from Arizona to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187048030FF5530F0635D54E2" box="[237,365,1497,1524]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FCF630F3666954E2" ID-CoL="68ZM" authority="Jacoby, 1886" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1886" box="[846,1113,1497,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387048030FCF630F3618854E5" bold="true" box="[846,952,1497,1524]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ophraea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087048030FC7830F3666954E2" author="Jacoby M." box="[960,1113,1497,1523]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref38704" refString="Jacoby M. 1886. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 409 - 496. London." type="book" year="1886">Jacoby, 1886</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 27] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487048030FF053337674657B6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF0533376746574D" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF0533376746574D" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +16. Elytropleuron (lateral area of elytron, just before epipleural ridge) distinctly swollen, in some species coalescing with epipleural ridge and together forming broad, rounded, single costa ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FB7833686714574D" box="[1216,1316,1602,1628]" captionStart="Figs 218–223. 218" captionStartId="99.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,265,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-76@99.[218,1351,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figs 218–223. 218. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923), lateral view showing elytral carina. 219. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956, lateral view showing elytral carina. 220. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), lateral view showing elytral costa. 221. Metrogaleruca sp., lateral view showing elytropleuron. 222. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view. 223. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view of elytron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222595/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 223</figureCitation> +) .... 17 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF793342674657B6" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF793342674657B6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">– Elytropleuron concave, not or only vaguely swollen; epipleural ridge narrow, normally acutely carinate, although less commonly forming narrowly rounded costa............................................... 27</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487048030FF0533FA67465624" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF0533FA67475601" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF0533FA67475601" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +17. Antennomeres 3–7 compressed or dilated; body depressed; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487048030FBF133FA669157FB" box="[1097,1185,1744,1770]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 28</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187048030FF5333DC63755601" box="[235,325,1782,1808]" name="Mexico" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287048030FB9033DF67475601" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[1064,1399,1781,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Schematiza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387048030FB9033DF66835601" bold="true" box="[1064,1203,1781,1808]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Schematiza</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087048030FB0133DC67475601" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[1209,1399,1782,1808]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF79323167465624" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1819,1845]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF79323167465624" box="[193,1398,1819,1845]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">– Antennae filiform............................................................................................................................. 18</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487048030FF053275674656F9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF053275674656D2" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF053275674656D2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">18. In many species, elytral pubescence directed in various directions, forming mottled pattern; if elytral pubescence otherwise, then elytra tuberculate, in addition to standard humeral and basal callosities ........................................................................................................................................ 19</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187048030FF7932E5674656F9" blockId="39.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487048030FF7932E5674656F9" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">– Elytral pubescence not swirling in various directions; elytra not unusually tuberculate ................ 20</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870B803FFF053423674650E9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF0534236747509F" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF0534236747509F" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +19. Proximal male tarsomere of front leg with small ventral tubercle at base (visible only when tarsus bent dorsally, +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFE36340663C45056" box="[398,500,300,327]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 204</figureCitation> +); body of single included species +<quantity id="98263584870B803FFCC1340661E95056" box="[889,985,300,327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity> +long (but undescribed or misplaced species may be smaller); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFD14347A6132507B" box="[684,770,336,362]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 32</figureCitation> +; distribution from Texas to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFBFE347A66F5507B" box="[1094,1221,336,362]" name="Guatemala" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +...................... .......................................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFBCD34596747509F" ID-CoL="3DFC" authority="Wilcox, 1965" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[1141,1399,371,398]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brucita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFBCD345966E0509C" bold="true" box="[1141,1232,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Brucita</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870B803FFB6034596747509F" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[1240,1399,371,398]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF7934B2674650E9" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF7934B2674650E9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +– Male without tubercle at base of proximal tarsomere; body of most species smaller than +<quantity id="98263584870B803FFA9F34BD674250A3" box="[1319,1394,407,434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity> +; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFE313490602050C4" box="[393,528,442,469]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs 29–30</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFD483490617A50C5" box="[752,842,442,468]" name="Mexico" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies......................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFCA434F4666950E8" ID-CoL="89VX" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[796,1113,478,505]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Yingaresca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFCA434F4619250E9" bold="true" box="[796,930,478,504]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Yingaresca</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1956 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 60] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870B803FFF05370A674653B5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF05370A6746534C" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF05370A6746534C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +20. Seventh antennomere with tuberculate protuberance on distal edge ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFB9D370A66BF532A" box="[1061,1167,544,571]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 215</figureCitation> +), distinct in males, obsolete in some females; pronotum at least twice as wide as long................................................ 21 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF79374D674653B5" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF79374D674653B5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">– Seventh antennomere without apical tubercle; pronotum in many (but not all) species less than twice as wide as long................................................................................................................................. 23</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870B803FFF0537E66746523C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF0537E667475218" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF0537E667475218" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +21. Elytra green with yellow lateral margins; discal elytral costae absent; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFB2A37E666D653F7" box="[1170,1254,716,742]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 43</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America .......................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFCD137C567475218" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1969" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[873,1399,751,778]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chlorolochmaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFCD137C56603521B" bold="true" box="[873,1075,751,778]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Chlorolochmaea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870B803FFB8237C567475218" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[1082,1399,751,778]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref34660" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1969. Die Galerucidengattungen in Sudbrasilien. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 36: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1969">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1969</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF79363E6746523C" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,787,814]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF79363E6746523C" box="[193,1398,787,814]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">– Elytra dark, with pale, slightly elevated, discal vittae ..................................................................... 22</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870B803FFF05367F674752EC" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF05367F674752A7" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF05367F674752A7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +22. Each elytron dark with suture, lateral margin, and two discal vittae pale; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFAAF367F6741527E" box="[1303,1393,853,879]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 41</figureCitation> +; distribution in Florida, West Indies, Central America, and South America......................................... ......................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFC4036B1674752A7" ID-CoL="63DHM" authority="Laboissiere, 1939" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1939" box="[1016,1399,923,950]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolochmaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFC4036B166AE52A7" bold="true" box="[1016,1182,923,950]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Neolochmaea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870B803FFB1E36B6674752A7" author="Laboissiere V." box="[1190,1399,924,950]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref39227" refString="Laboissiere V. 1939. Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du navire-ecole belge Mercator. XIII, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae (Coleoptera). Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (ser. 2) 15: 153 - 158." type="journal article" year="1939">Laboissière, 1939</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF7936EA674752EC" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF7936EA674752EC" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +– Each elytron dark with suture, lateral margin, and three discal vittae pale ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFBD9369566FB52C8" box="[1121,1227,959,985]" captionStart="Figs 224–228" captionStartId="100.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,273,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-65@100.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figs 224–228. Elytra. 224. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954), showing elytral costae. 225. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, showing extreme reduction of epipleuron. 226. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879), showing elytral fovea and modification. 227. Paratriarius sp., showing elytral modification. 228. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222603/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 224</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFF5436C9637352EC" box="[236,323,995,1021]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 42</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFE4236C9604252EC" ID-CoL="32LP" box="[506,626,995,1021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName> +, +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFDC536C960F852EC" box="[637,712,995,1021]" name="Brazil" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFCBD36C9614252EC" box="[773,882,995,1021]" name="Paraguay" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Paraguay</collectingCountry> +................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFBD436C9674752EC" authority="Moura, 1998" authorityName="Moura" authorityYear="1998" box="[1132,1399,995,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Iucetima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFBD436C966E852EC" bold="true" box="[1132,1240,995,1021]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Iucetima</emphasis> +Moura, 1998 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870B803FFF05310F67465597" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF05310F67465573" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF05310F67465573" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +23. Pronotum and elytra uniformly reddish; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFCCD310F61FF552E" box="[885,975,1061,1087]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 22</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFB28310F66D8552E" box="[1168,1256,1061,1087]" name="Canada" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Canada</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFA9F310F63005573" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">United States</collectingCountry> +..................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFD03316266695573" ID-CoL="63VRT" authority="Laboissiere, 1932" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1932" box="[699,1113,1096,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Tricholochmaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFD03316261B15572" bold="true" box="[699,897,1096,1123]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tricholochmaea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870B803FFC30316266695573" author="Laboissiere V." box="[904,1113,1096,1122]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="960 - 970" refId="ref39156" refString="Laboissiere V. 1932. Galerucini de la collection du Museum national d'histoire naturelle recueillis dans l'Himalaya par le Dr. J. Harmand. Bulletin du Museum d'histoire naturelle (ser. 2) 4 (8): 960 - 970." type="journal article" year="1932">Laboissière, 1932</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 46] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF79314667465597" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1132,1158]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF79314667465597" box="[193,1398,1132,1158]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">– Color usually otherwise; distribution in Latin America .................................................................. 24</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870B803FFF05318467465422" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF0531846747541E" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF0531846747541E" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +24. Pronotum entirely pale, or dark with pale lateral margins; elytra either entirely dark metallic blue or violet, or dark red with narrow black lateral margin; body 7.5–9.0 mm long; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFABA31FB674655FA" box="[1282,1398,1233,1259]" name="Colombia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Colombia</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFEA231DF6360541E" box="[282,336,1269,1295]" name="Peru" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Peru</collectingCountry> +........................................................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFBED31DE6747541E" authority="Kirsch, 1883" authorityName="Kirsch" authorityYear="1883" box="[1109,1399,1268,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Narichona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFBED31DE66E7541E" bold="true" box="[1109,1239,1268,1295]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Narichona</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870B803FFB6731DE6747541E" author="Kirsch T." box="[1247,1399,1268,1295]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="187 - 213" refId="ref38994" refString="Kirsch T. 1883. Neue sudamerikanische Kafer. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 27: 187 - 213." type="journal article" year="1883">Kirsch, 1883</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF79303267465422" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1304,1331]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF79303267465422" box="[193,1398,1304,1331]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">– Color otherwise................................................................................................................................ 25</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870B803FFF05307367465713" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF053073674754AA" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF053073674754AA" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +25. Third antennomere distinctly longer than fourth; elytra pale, often with green and yellow vittae ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFEF93057639F5486" box="[321,431,1405,1431]" captionStart="Figs 218–223. 218" captionStartId="99.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,265,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-76@99.[218,1351,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figs 218–223. 218. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923), lateral view showing elytral carina. 219. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956, lateral view showing elytral carina. 220. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), lateral view showing elytral costa. 221. Metrogaleruca sp., lateral view showing elytropleuron. 222. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view. 223. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view of elytron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222595/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 222</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFDCD305761325486" box="[629,770,1405,1431]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs 26–27</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFC57305766795486" box="[1007,1097,1405,1431]" name="Mexico" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFC89308A665854AA" authority="Bechyne, 1963" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1963" box="[817,1128,1440,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Itaitubana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFC89308A618054AA" bold="true" box="[817,944,1440,1467]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Itaitubana</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870B803FFC0F308B665854AA" author="Bechyne J." box="[951,1128,1441,1467]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="235 - 239" refId="ref34431" refString="Bechyne J. 1963. Notes sur quelques Chrysomeloidea neotropicaux nouveaux ou peu connus (Col. Phytophaga). Bulletin mensuel de la Societe linneenne de Lyon 32 (8): 235 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / linly. 1963.7170" type="journal article" year="1963">Bechyné, 1963</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 8] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF7930EF67465713" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF7930EF67465713" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">– Third antennomere usually shorter than fourth; if third antennomere longer than fourth, then elytra entirely dark..................................................................................................................................... 26</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870B803FFF053303674757E7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF0533036747579B" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF0533036747579B" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +26. Body at least twice as long as broad, usually dorsoventrally flattened; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFF523367637A5776" box="[234,330,1613,1639]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 31</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFDFC336760AE5776" box="[580,670,1613,1639]" name="Mexico" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in Lesser Antilles............................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFC38335A6747579B" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1969" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[896,1399,1648,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrogaleruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFC38335A6603579A" bold="true" box="[896,1075,1648,1675]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Metrogaleruca</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870B803FFB82335A6747579B" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[1082,1399,1648,1675]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref34660" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1969. Die Galerucidengattungen in Sudbrasilien. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 36: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1969">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1969</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF7933BF674757E7" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF7933BF674757E7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +– Body less than twice as long as broad, oval, with dorsum usually distinctly convex, not flattened; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFE3C339D63FB57C0" box="[388,459,1719,1745]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFD1F339D613157C0" box="[679,769,1719,1745]" name="Mexico" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America................................ ................................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFB8633F1674757E7" ID-CoL="8WCYS" authority="Bechyne, 1954" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1954" box="[1086,1399,1755,1782]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Caraguata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFB8633F1668F57E4" bold="true" box="[1086,1215,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Caraguata</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870B803FFB7E33F1674757E7" author="Bechyne J." box="[1222,1399,1755,1782]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="116 - 133" refId="ref34158" refString="Bechyne J. 1954. Uber die in Matto Grosso von F. Plaumann gesammelten Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 5 (1): 116 - 133." type="journal article" year="1954">Bechyné, 1954</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870B803FFF053237674656F9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF053237674756B3" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF053237674756B3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +27. Basal margin of pronotum very strongly bisinuate from meson to posterolateral pronotal angle ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFEF0326A638D564B" box="[328,445,1856,1882]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 188</figureCitation> +); posterolateral angle positioned far anterior to most posterior part of pronotum; elytra uniformly dark; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870B803FFCF4324E619C566F" box="[844,940,1892,1918]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 40</figureCitation> +; distribution from Arizona to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870B803FFA8C324E631056B0" name="Costa Rica" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +........................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870B803FFCF632AD666956B0" ID-CoL="68ZM" authority="Jacoby, 1886" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1886" box="[846,1113,1927,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870B803FFCF632AD618856B3" bold="true" box="[846,952,1927,1954]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ophraea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870B803FFC7832AD666956B0" author="Jacoby M." box="[960,1113,1927,1953]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref38704" refString="Jacoby M. 1886. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 409 - 496. London." type="book" year="1886">Jacoby, 1886</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 15] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870B803FFF793281674656F9" blockId="40.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870B803FFF793281674656F9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">– Basal margin of pronotum usually not strongly bisinuate as described above; if basal margin of pronotum strongly bisinuate, then elytra partly or entirely pale...................................................... 28</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870A803EFF053423674650EC" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF053423674750A4" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF053423674750A4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +28. Third and fourth antennomeres nearly equal in length; each elytron yellow, with long, broad, sublateral, black vitta extending from base, over humerus, to shortly before elytral apex; most specimens also with short, black, basal vitta positioned midway between scutellum and sublateral vitta; yellow areas of elytra with greenish tint in some specimens; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFB18345C66C85081" box="[1184,1272,374,400]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation> +; Palearctic species, adventive in North and South America.......................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870A803EFC6334B0674750A4" ID-CoL="63XHV" authority="Laboissiere, 1934" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1934" box="[987,1399,410,437]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Xanthogaleruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870A803EFC6334B066AF50A4" bold="true" box="[987,1183,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Xanthogaleruca</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870A803EFB1E34B0674750A4" author="Laboissiere V." box="[1190,1399,410,437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref39200" refString="Laboissiere V. 1934. Galerucinae de la faune francaise (coleopteres). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 103: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1934">Laboissière, 1934</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF793495674650EC" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF793495674650EC" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">– Third and fourth antennomeres differing in length; if third and fourth antennomere lengths only slightly different, then elytral color pattern not as above ................................................................ 29</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870A803EFF05370C67465375" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF05370C67465351" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,550,576]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF05370C67465351" box="[189,1398,550,576]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">29. Third antennomere shorter than fourth ............................................................................................ 30</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF79376167465375" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,586,613]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF79376167465375" box="[193,1398,586,613]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">– Third antennomere longer than fourth, in some species only slightly so ........................................ 33</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870A803EFF0537A7674653DA" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF0537A7674653B6" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,653,680]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF0537A7674653B6" box="[189,1398,653,680]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">30. Pronotum short and broad, at least 2.5 times as wide as long ......................................................... 31</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF793798674653DA" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,689,716]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF793798674653DA" box="[193,1398,689,716]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">– Pronotum less than 2.5 times as wide as long ................................................................................. 32</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870A803EFF0537DE674752D5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF0537DE67475246" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF0537DE67475246" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +31. Depression on each side of pronotum large, extending to anterolateral and posterolateral corners of pronotum ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFED6363263E65223" box="[366,470,792,818]" captionStart="Figs 189–194" captionStartId="95.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,276,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-71@95.[232,1356,265,1804]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figs 189–194. Anterior portions of bodies. 189. Pyesexora sp., dorsal view. 190. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), dorsal view. 191. Anisobrotica sp., dorsal view. 192. Megarhabda sp., dorsal view. 193. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina. 194. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1308), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222579/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 192</figureCitation> +); due to large depressions, pronotum broadly explanate laterally; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFF54361663715246" box="[236,321,828,855]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 14</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFDA5361660AC5247" box="[541,668,828,854]" name="Guatemala" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFD7A3617612E5246" box="[706,798,829,855]" name="Panama" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Panama</collectingCountry> +............................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870A803EFBD2361667355246" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[1130,1285,828,855]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Megarhabda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870A803EFBD2361667355246" bold="true" box="[1130,1285,828,855]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Megarhabda</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908870A803EFAB4361767475246" box="[1292,1399,829,855]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF79364B674752D5" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF79364B674752D5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +– Lateral depressions of pronotum smaller, not extending to anterolateral and posterolateral corners; pronotum more evenly convex; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFC1C36AF6633528E" box="[932,1027,901,927]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 12</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFB4036AF6760528E" box="[1272,1360,901,927]" name="Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFF523680637452D5" box="[234,324,938,964]" name="Mexico" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mexico</collectingCountry> +.......................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870A803EFBE03683674752D5" ID-CoL="43HY" authority="Blake, 1931" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1931" box="[1112,1399,937,964]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Derospidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870A803EFBE0368366D152D5" bold="true" box="[1112,1249,937,964]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Derospidea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870A803EFB513680674752D5" author="Blake D. H." box="[1257,1399,938,964]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref34937" refString="Blake D. H. 1931. Revision of the species of the beetles of the genus Trirhabda north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 79 (2): 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.79 - 2868.1" type="journal article" year="1931">Blake, 1931</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870A803EFF0536C6674755F0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF0536C667465565" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF0536C667465565" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +32. Elytral surface rough, but punctation usually not visible without magnification; elytra vittate in many species, but varying from entirely pale to entirely dark; aedeagus with dorsal, thinly chitinized groove extending medially for most of aedeagal length; body +<quantity id="98263584870A803EFC7A311F66035541" box="[962,1075,1077,1104]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">4–12 mm</quantity> +long; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFAA2311F67405541" box="[1306,1392,1077,1104]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFE02317360225562" box="[442,530,1113,1139]" name="Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFD8F317360865562" box="[567,694,1113,1139]" name="Guatemala" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +............... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870A803EFC90317366695565" ID-CoL="82FV" authority="LeConte, 1865" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1865" box="[808,1113,1113,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trirhabda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870A803EFC90317361935565" bold="true" box="[808,931,1113,1140]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Trirhabda</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870A803EFC12317066695565" author="LeConte J. L." box="[938,1113,1113,1140]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 58] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF793154674755F0" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF793154674755F0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +– Elytral punctation of some species coarser, noticeable without magnification; elytra not vittate; aedeagus lacking dorsal groove as described above; body +<quantity id="98263584870A803EFC163188661155AC" box="[942,1057,1186,1213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="7.0">7–14 mm</quantity> +long; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFAA03188674155AD" box="[1304,1393,1186,1212]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 19</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFE2F31EC63C155F1" box="[407,497,1222,1248]" name="Mexico" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mexico</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFD9231EC609955F1" box="[554,681,1222,1248]" name="Guatemala" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +(doubtfully reported from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFC5D31EC661E55F1" box="[997,1070,1222,1248]" name="Brazil" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Brazil</collectingCountry> +) ........ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870A803EFBC331EC674755F0" authority="Clark, 1865" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[1147,1399,1222,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nestinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870A803EFBC331EC66D555F1" bold="true" box="[1147,1253,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Nestinus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870A803EFB5431EC674755F0" author="Clark H." box="[1260,1399,1222,1249]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870A803EFF053023674654A4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF0530236747547D" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF0530236747547D" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +33. Both male and female with antennomeres 7–11 strongly broadened and flattened, with each antennomere shorter than wide ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFDDA300760F95459" box="[610,713,1325,1352]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 208</figureCitation> +); elytra with callosities near mid-length ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFB1F3007673E5459" box="[1191,1294,1325,1352]" captionStart="Figs 229–232. 229" captionStartId="101.[189,241,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[259,1316,269,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-71@101.[221,1349,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figs 229–232. 229. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846, lateral view, showing clubbed antenna and tuberculate elytron. 230. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold), 1875, lateral view, showing silky golden setae on metathorax. 231. Deinocladus sp., anterior portion of body, dorsal view, showing subequal lengths of second and third antennomeres. 232. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906, lateral view, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222607/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 229</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFE903078634D547D" box="[296,381,1362,1388]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 33</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America ......................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870A803EFBA4307B6747547D" authority="Blanchard, 1842" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1842" box="[1052,1399,1361,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Platynocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870A803EFBA4307B669D547D" bold="true" box="[1052,1197,1361,1388]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Platynocera</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870A803EFB0D30786747547D" author="Blanchard C. E." box="[1205,1399,1362,1388]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref35407" refString="Blanchard C. E. 1842 [Plate 24]. Insectes de l'Amerique meridionale. Recueillis par Alcide d'Orbigny et decrits par Emile Blanchard et Auguste Brulle. Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale (le Bresil, la Republique orientale de l'Uruguay, la Republique Argentine, la Patagonie, la Republique du Chili, la Republique de Bolivie, la Republique du Perou), execute pendant les annees 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 par Alcide d'Orbigny. Tome sixieme. 2. e Partie: Insectes [1837 - 184 3]: 57 - 222. P. Bertrand, Paris [&] V. Levrault, Strasbourg." type="journal volume" year="1842">Blanchard, 1842</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF79305D674654A4" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF79305D674654A4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">– Antennomeres 7–10, whether or not short, not strongly broadened and flattened in either sex; elytra without callosities near mid-length.................................................................................................. 34</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870A803EFF0530F76746570D" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF0530F7674654E9" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,1501,1528]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF0530F7674654E9" box="[189,1398,1501,1528]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">34. Body length 10.0 mm or more......................................................................................................... 35</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF7933286746570D" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1538,1564]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF7933286746570D" box="[193,1398,1538,1564]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">– Body length 8.0 mm or less ............................................................................................................. 39</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870A803EFF05336E674657E1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF05336E674757B6" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF05336E674757B6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +35. Third antennomere equal to or longer than fourth to sixth antennomeres combined; fifth to ninth antennomeres short, each not more than twice as long as wide; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFBE5334366935792" box="[1117,1187,1641,1667]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 7</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870A803EFF5133A7635857B6" box="[233,360,1677,1703]" name="Guatemala" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +through much of South America ........................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870A803EFB9633A7674757B6" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1844" box="[1070,1399,1677,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Coelomera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870A803EFB9633A7668257B9" bold="true" box="[1070,1202,1677,1704]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Coelomera</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870A803EFB0133A7674757B6" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[1209,1399,1677,1703]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF793398674657E1" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF793398674657E1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">– Third antennomere shorter than fourth to sixth antennomeres combined; fifth to ninth antennomeres more elongate................................................................................................................................... 36</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870A803EFF053232674656F9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF053232674756B1" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF053232674756B1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +36. Pronotum distinctly broader in distal half than in basal half, with lateral margins strongly sinuate ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFEEF321763F65646" box="[343,454,1853,1879]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 186</figureCitation> +); third antennomere distinctly longer than fourth antennomere, more than three times as long as second antennomere; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870A803EFC4E324B6667566A" box="[1014,1111,1889,1915]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 10</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America....................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870A803EFCE632AF666956B1" authority="Clark, 1865" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[862,1113,1925,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Dircema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870A803EFCE632AF61F6568E" bold="true" box="[862,966,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Dircema</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870A803EFC7632AF666956B1" author="Clark H." box="[974,1113,1925,1952]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 51] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870A803EFF793280674656F9" blockId="41.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870A803EFF793280674656F9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">– Pronotum not distinctly broader in distal half, without strongly sinuate lateral margins; third antennomere as above or not ........................................................................................................... 37</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48709803DFF053423674650A0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF0534236747507B" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF0534236747507B" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +37. Epipleuron more than twice as wide as second antennomere length, wider than apical portion of foretibia; elytra broadly explanate in dorsal view; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFC06340666335057" box="[958,1027,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2</figureCitation> +; distribution in Central America and northwestern South America ............................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFC0F34656747507B" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[951,1399,335,362]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Platycesta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFC0F34656601507B" bold="true" box="[951,1073,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Platycesta</emphasis> +Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF79345E674650A0" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF79345E674650A0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">– Epipleuron not more than two times as wide as second antennomere length, not distinctly wider than apical portion of foretibia; elytra narrowly explanate in dorsal view.............................................. 38</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48709803DFF0534F267475391" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF0534F26746532B" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF0534F26746532B" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +38. Pronotum at least twice as wide as long; lateral carina of pronotum well developed, narrowly explanate; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFDBA34D160765307" box="[514,582,507,534]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFC9B34D1618F5307" box="[803,959,507,534]" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, and in West Indies........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFCFB37356669532B" ID-CoL="63BHX" authority="Clark, 1865" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[835,1113,543,570]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monocesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFCFB373561F75328" bold="true" box="[835,967,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Monocesta</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908709803DFC7637356669532B" author="Clark H." box="[974,1113,543,570]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 54] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF79376967475391" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF79376967475391" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +– Pronotum less than twice as wide as long; lateral pronotal carina weakly developed, especially anteriorly; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFDBE374C605F5391" box="[518,623,613,640]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs 4–5</figureCitation> +; distribution from Texas to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFC0B374C66025391" box="[947,1074,614,640]" name="Guatemala" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +............ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFB29374C67475391" ID-CoL="62MJP" authority="Clark, 1865" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[1169,1399,613,640]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Coraia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFB29374C66D45391" bold="true" box="[1169,1252,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Coraia</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908709803DFB54374C67475391" author="Clark H." box="[1260,1399,613,640]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48709803DFF05378D6746525E" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF05378D67475219" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF05378D67475219" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +39. Elytral pubescence nearly absent, but usually noticeable laterally; weak carina present behind humerus, extending most of elytral length ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFCB937E1615E53F4" box="[769,878,715,741]" captionStart="Figs 218–223. 218" captionStartId="99.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,265,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-76@99.[218,1351,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figs 218–223. 218. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923), lateral view showing elytral carina. 219. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956, lateral view showing elytral carina. 220. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), lateral view showing elytral costa. 221. Metrogaleruca sp., lateral view showing elytropleuron. 222. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view. 223. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view of elytron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222595/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 220</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFB9737E166BA53F4" box="[1071,1162,715,741]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 20</figureCitation> +; Palearctic species, introduced to North America ( +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFDF437C460DB5219" box="[588,747,750,776]" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFC9C37C461B05219" box="[804,896,750,776]" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mexico</collectingCountry> +) ............................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFBE537C467475219" ID-CoL="45YZ" authority="Weise, 1883" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1883" box="[1117,1399,750,777]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diorhabda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFBE537C466EF5218" bold="true" box="[1117,1247,750,777]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Diorhabda</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908709803DFB5E37C467475219" author="Weise J." box="[1254,1399,750,776]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="315 - 316" refId="ref41591" refString="Weise J. 1883. Ueber die mit Galeruca Geoffr. Verwandten Gattungen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 27 (2): 315 - 316." type="journal article" year="1883">Weise, 1883</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF7936386746525E" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF7936386746525E" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">– Elytral pubescence dense in most species; if elytral pubescence nearly absent, then elytra not carinate............................................................................................................................................. 40</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48709803DFF05365D67465553" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF05365D674652C6" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF05365D674652C6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +40. Elytra pale brown, in most species with darker speckles, which often coalesce to +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFB76365C67465281" box="[1230,1398,886,912]" form="irregular" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="form">form irregular</taxonomicName> +blotches; elytral vittae, if present, usually short and irregular; antennae short, not or barely reaching beyond base of elytra; abdomen of male with deflexed pygidium in most cases............................ 41 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF7936CB67465553" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF7936CB67465553" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">– Elytral coloration varying from entirely pale to entirely black; dark elytral markings not forming speckles or irregular blotches, sometimes forming long, regular vittae; antennae usually longer, distinctly extending beyond humeri; abdomen without deflexed pygidium.................................... 42</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48709803DFF05314367475449" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF053143674755DB" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF053143674755DB" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +41. Lateral third of pronotum almost entirely occupied by large depression; prothorax usually more than twice as wide as long; gender either male or female; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFC5431A6667355B7" box="[1004,1091,1164,1190]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 36</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFAA531A6674555B7" box="[1309,1397,1164,1190]" name="Canada" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFEB0319A635255DB" box="[264,354,1200,1226]" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mexico</collectingCountry> +......................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFBD73185673555DB" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[1135,1285,1199,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Yingabruxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFBD73185673555DB" bold="true" box="[1135,1285,1199,1226]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Yingabruxia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F9088709803DFAB4319A674755DB" box="[1292,1399,1200,1226]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF7931FE67475449" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF7931FE67475449" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +– Lateral third of pronotum partially occupied by convex elevation; pronotum usually not distinctly more than twice as wide as long; gender usually male (female claws simple, except in one anomalous species with bifid claws); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFC00303066235424" box="[952,1043,1306,1333]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 35</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFB44303067645425" box="[1276,1364,1306,1332]" name="Canada" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFF52301763595446" box="[234,361,1341,1367]" name="Guatemala" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +.............................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFC8E301766695449" ID-CoL="63D9G" authority="LeConte, 1865" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1865" box="[822,1113,1341,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFC8E301761935446" bold="true" box="[822,931,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Monoxia</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908709803DFC12301466695449" author="LeConte J. L." box="[938,1113,1341,1368]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 12] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48709803DFF0530556746577C" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF05305567475737" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF05305567475737" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +42. Front coxae narrowly but distinctly separated from each other by posterior extension of prosternum; middle coxae separated from each other by distance subequal to half coxal width ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFF4B30EC636F54F0" box="[243,351,1478,1505]" captionStart="Figs 153–157. 153" captionStartId="88.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,265,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-61@88.[212,1375,265,1858]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figs 153–157. 153. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. 154. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886, ventral view. 155. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956), head, including maxillary palpi. 156. Pyesexora sp., head, including maxillary palpi. 157. Byblitea sp., lower portion of head, including maxillary palpi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222557/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 153</figureCitation> +); pronotum polished and nearly impunctate, except in depressions; all tibiae lacking apical spurs in both male and female; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFCD530C361F85715" box="[877,968,1513,1540]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 25</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFB3530C366D55712" box="[1165,1253,1513,1539]" name="Canada" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Canada</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFA9F30C363005736" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">United States</collectingCountry> +......................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFD6E332666345736" ID-CoL="4LVN" authority="Crotch, 1873" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1873" box="[726,1028,1548,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFD6E332661545736" bold="true" box="[726,868,1548,1575]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Galerucella</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908709803DFCD3332666345736" author="Crotch G. R." box="[875,1028,1548,1575]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="19 - 83" refId="ref36325" refString="Crotch G. R. 1873. Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25: 19 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Crotch, 1873</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +(subgenus +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFB313326675F5737" ID-CoL="4LVN" authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1873" box="[1161,1391,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFB31332667255737" box="[1161,1301,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Galerucella</emphasis> +Crotch +</taxonomicName> +) +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF79331A6746577C" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF79331A6746577C" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +– Front coxae not separated by prosternum; middle coxae closely approximate but rarely in actual contact ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFEF733796386577F" box="[335,438,1619,1646]" captionStart="Figs 153–157. 153" captionStartId="88.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,265,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-61@88.[212,1375,265,1858]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figs 153–157. 153. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. 154. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886, ventral view. 155. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956), head, including maxillary palpi. 156. Pyesexora sp., head, including maxillary palpi. 157. Byblitea sp., lower portion of head, including maxillary palpi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222557/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 154</figureCitation> +); male with broad, often curved, apical spur on middle tibia.............................. 43 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48709803DFF0533BF674657E7" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF0533BF674657C3" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF0533BF674657C3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +43. Elytra with distinct, dark vittae ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48709803DFD4533BF619457BE" box="[765,932,1685,1711]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs 37–38</figureCitation> +); distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFB5A33BF670A57BE" box="[1250,1338,1685,1711]" name="Canada" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFF523392637457C3" box="[234,324,1720,1746]" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mexico</collectingCountry> +...................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFD6D339261C557C2" ID-CoL="68ZN" authority="Wilcox, 1965" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[725,1013,1720,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFD6D3392617F57C2" bold="true" box="[725,847,1720,1747]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ophraella</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908709803DFCEF339261C557C2" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[855,1013,1720,1747]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 46, 55, 66] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF7933F6674657E7" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1756,1782]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF7933F6674657E7" box="[193,1398,1756,1782]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">– Elytra not distinctly vittate............................................................................................................... 44</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48709803DFF053237674756F9" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF0532376746566E" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF0532376746566E" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">44. Fourth antennomere distinctly longer than second; outer margin of epipleuron (marginal bead between disc of elytron and epipleuron) sometimes becoming obscure near apex, but inner margin (next to body) always distinct to apex or to point where it joins outer margin ............................... 45</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618709803DFF7932A2674756F9" blockId="42.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548709803DFF7932A2674756F9" pageId="42" pageNumber="43"> +– Second and fourth antennomeres nearly equal in length; inner margin of epipleuron remaining distant from outer margin, ending rather abruptly before apex; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFB29328166D956D4" box="[1169,1257,1963,1989]" name="Canada" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Canada</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18709803DFA9F3281630356F9" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">United States</collectingCountry> +.................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFD0D32E461D356F9" ID-CoL="4LVN" authority="Crotch, 1873" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1873" box="[693,995,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFD0D32E4617356F8" bold="true" box="[693,835,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Galerucella</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908709803DFCF232E461D356F9" author="Crotch G. R." box="[842,995,1998,2024]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="19 - 83" refId="ref36325" refString="Crotch G. R. 1873. Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25: 19 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Crotch, 1873</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +(subgenus +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28709803DFBD132E4675F56F9" ID-CoL="5ZH5" authority="Chujo" authorityName="Chujo" authorityYear="1962" box="[1129,1391,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neogalerucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738709803DFBD132E4672E56F9" box="[1129,1310,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Neogalerucella</emphasis> +Chûjô +</taxonomicName> +) +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF053423674650BA" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF05342367475079" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF05342367475079" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +45. Elytral punctures relatively fine, similar in size to those of abdomen; pronotum pale with three dark markings, one mesal and one at each side lateral to depressed area; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFB18340166C65054" box="[1184,1270,299,325]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 23</figureCitation> +; Palearctic species, adventive in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFE5E3467600E5076" box="[486,574,333,359]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFDCF346761245076" box="[631,788,333,359]" name="United States of America" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">United States</collectingCountry> +............................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFBE2346667475079" ID-CoL="766J" authority="Joannis, 1865" authorityName="Joannis" authorityYear="1865" box="[1114,1399,332,360]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738708803CFBE2346666FE5076" bold="true" box="[1114,1230,332,359]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pyrrhalta</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908708803CFB6D346767475079" author="Joannis M. L. de" box="[1237,1399,333,360]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref38909" refString="Joannis M. L. de. 1865. Gallerucides, tribu de la famille de Phytophages, ou Chrysomelines. L'Abeille 3: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1865">Joannis, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF793445674650BA" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF793445674650BA" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">– Elytral punctures much larger than those of abdomen; dark pronotal markings sometimes present on sublateral tubercles or in sublateral depressions, but not lateral to depressions.............................. 46</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF0534FB674653C8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF0534FB67465340" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF0534FB67465340" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +46. Median lobe of aedeagus symmetrical; aedeagal orifice located very near aedeagal apex, small, without weakly sclerotized area above it; body oval, usually (but not always) strongly convex; hosts +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFD9B373F6098533E" ID-CoL="622TP" box="[547,680,533,559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName> +; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFC3F373F61DC533E" box="[903,1004,533,559]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 39</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFB4A373F677A533E" box="[1266,1354,533,559]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFF52371D63745340" box="[234,324,567,593]" name="Mexico" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mexico</collectingCountry> +...................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFD6D371C61C55340" ID-CoL="68ZN" authority="Wilcox, 1965" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[725,1013,566,593]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738708803CFD6D371C617F5340" bold="true" box="[725,847,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ophraella</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908708803CFCEF371D61C55340" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[855,1013,566,593]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 43, 55, 66] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF793773674653C8" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF793773674653C8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +– Median lobe of aedeagus strongly asymmetrical, with apex curved to one side; aedeagal orifice large, with weakly sclerotized area above it; body usually more oblong, not as convex; hosts other than +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFD9C37B7609953A6" ID-CoL="622TP" box="[548,681,669,695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName> +; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFCDD37B661F153A6" box="[869,961,668,695]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 22</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFB3237B666D253A7" box="[1162,1250,668,694]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFA9F37B6630053C8" name="United States of America" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">United States</collectingCountry> +..................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFD033794666953C8" ID-CoL="63VRT" authority="Laboissiere, 1932" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1932" box="[699,1113,702,729]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Tricholochmaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738708803CFD03379461B153C8" bold="true" box="[699,897,702,729]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Tricholochmaea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908708803CFC303794666953C8" author="Laboissiere V." box="[904,1113,702,729]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="960 - 970" refId="ref39156" refString="Laboissiere V. 1932. Galerucini de la collection du Museum national d'histoire naturelle recueillis dans l'Himalaya par le Dr. J. Harmand. Bulletin du Museum d'histoire naturelle (ser. 2) 4 (8): 960 - 970." type="journal article" year="1932">Laboissière, 1932</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 23] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF0537D5674652F5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF0537D5674752B0" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF0537D5674752B0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +47. Pronotal punctation very coarse, with punctures distinctly larger than those of elytra; upon close examination, elytra with numerous, short, appressed setae (easily rubbed off in some specimens); aedeagus extraordinary long, C-shaped, forming complete semicircle in lateral view; tarsal claws bifid in male, simple in female; procoxal cavities open behind; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFB32364E66D1526E" box="[1162,1249,868,895]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 34</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFE9336AC63B352B1" box="[299,387,902,928]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFE1F36AC602C52B1" ID-CoL="32LP" box="[423,540,902,928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="43" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName> +.............................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFD4636AC661152B1" ID-CoL="6343R" authority="Blake, 1936" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1936" box="[766,1057,902,929]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Erynephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738708803CFD4636AC61BC52B0" bold="true" box="[766,908,902,929]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Erynephala</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908708803CFC2B36AC661152B1" author="Blake D. H." box="[915,1057,902,928]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref34989" refString="Blake D. H. 1936. A redisposition of Monoxia puncticollis and allied species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 26 (10): 423 - 430." type="journal article" year="1936">Blake, 1936</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 12, 15] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF793683674652F5" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF793683674652F5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">– Pronotal punctation coarse to fine; if coarse, then tarsal claws appendiculate or procoxal cavities closed behind; aedeagus not exceptionally long and C-shaped....................................................... 48</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF05312167465556" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF05312167465534" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,1034,1061]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF05312167465534" box="[189,1398,1034,1061]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">48. Tarsal claws bifid; inner appendage of claw sharply pointed at apex.............................................. 49</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF79310767465556" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1068,1095]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF79310767465556" box="[193,1398,1068,1095]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">– Tarsal claws appendiculate; inner appendage of claw broad and apically blunt ............................. 95</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF053147674655FC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF053147674755DB" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF053147674755DB" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +49. Elytra short, leaving much of abdomen uncovered; portion of mesosternum anterior to mesocoxa shorter than anterior to posterior length of mesocoxa; mesosternum with anteromesal tubercle; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFE3C319A63EB55DA" box="[388,475,1200,1227]" captionStart="Figs 46–54" captionStartId="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figs 46–54. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné & Bechyné, 1976." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 50</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFD2C319A60C655DB" box="[660,758,1200,1226]" name="Ecuador" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ecuador</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFC96319B615455DA" box="[814,868,1201,1227]" name="Peru" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Peru</collectingCountry> +..................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFBC0319A674755DB" ID-CoL="8PQ4N" authority="Baly, 1861" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1861" box="[1144,1399,1200,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Metalepta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738708803CFBC0319A66C155DA" bold="true" box="[1144,1265,1200,1227]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Metalepta</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908708803CFB40319A674755DB" author="Baly J. S." box="[1272,1399,1200,1226]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="275 - 302" refId="ref33918" refString="Baly J. S. 1861. Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga. Journal of Entomology 1: 193 - 206, 275 - 302." type="journal article" year="1861">Baly, 1861</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF7931F9674655FC" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1234,1261]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF7931F9674655FC" box="[193,1398,1234,1261]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">– Elytra and mesosternum not both as above ..................................................................................... 50</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF05303867465460" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF0530386747545F" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF0530386747545F" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +50. Procoxal cavities closed behind ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFDC4303860D6543C" box="[636,742,1298,1325]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 150</figureCitation> +); elytral disc usually with several longitudinal costae; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFE3C301E63EB545E" box="[388,475,1332,1359]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 44</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFD2C301E60DC545F" box="[660,748,1332,1358]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFC9D301E61F2545E" box="[805,962,1332,1359]" name="United States of America" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">United States</collectingCountry> +.................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFBF4301E6747545F" ID-CoL="4LVM" authority="Geoffroy, 1762" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1762" box="[1100,1399,1332,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galeruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738708803CFBF4301E668C545E" bold="true" box="[1100,1212,1332,1359]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Galeruca</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908708803CFB7C301E6747545F" author="Geoffroy E. L." box="[1220,1399,1332,1358]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="523" refId="ref37575" refString="Geoffroy E. L. 1762. Histoire abregee des insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris; dans laquelle ces animaux sont ranges suivant un ordre methodique. Vol. 1: 523. Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 154842" type="journal article" year="1762">Geoffroy, 1762</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF79307D67465460" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1366,1393]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF79307D67465460" box="[193,1398,1366,1393]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +– Procoxal cavities open behind ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFDE3307C61315460" box="[603,769,1366,1393]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 151–152</figureCitation> +); elytral disc either with or without costae ............. 51 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF0530BC67465728" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF0530BC67465707" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF0530BC67465707" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +51. Pronotum distinctly broader in distal half than in basal half, with lateral margins strongly sinuate ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFEEF309263F654C3" box="[343,454,1464,1490]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 186</figureCitation> +); third antennomere distinctly longer than fourth antennomere, more than three times as long as second antennomere; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFC4E30F0666754E4" box="[1014,1111,1498,1525]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 10</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America....................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFCE630D666695706" authority="Clark, 1865" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[862,1113,1532,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Dircema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738708803CFCE630D661F65707" bold="true" box="[862,966,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dircema</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908708803CFC7630D666695706" author="Clark H." box="[974,1113,1532,1559]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 36] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF79333567465728" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1566,1593]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF79333567465728" box="[193,1398,1566,1593]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">– If pronotum distinctly broader in distal half than in basal half, then antennae not as above........... 52</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF0533746746578A" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF05337467465768" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,1630,1657]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF05337467465768" box="[189,1398,1630,1657]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">52. Entire anterior pronotal margin with well-formed fringe of short, densely spaced setae................ 53</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF7933AB6746578A" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1664,1691]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF7933AB6746578A" box="[193,1398,1664,1691]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">– Setal fringe absent from anterior pronotal margin, or noticeable only laterally.............................. 59</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF0533EA67465650" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF0533EA6746560E" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF0533EA6746560E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +53. Elytra with numerous erect setae arranged in rows ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFCF433EB61E657CA" box="[844,982,1729,1755]" captionStart="Figs 73–81" captionStartId="79.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,264,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-65@79.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figs 73–81. Dorsal views. 73. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835). 74. Anisobrotica sp. 75. Paratriarius cruciatus (Jacoby, 1887). 76. Paratriarius sp. 77. Acalymma mysticum (Jacoby, 1887). 78. Acalymma gouldi Barber, 1947. 79. Ensiforma inflaticornis (Bechyné, 1956). 80. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892. 81. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222531/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 77–78</figureCitation> +); distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFB0333EB672357CA" box="[1211,1299,1729,1755]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies.............................................................................. ............................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFC81322E6669560E" ID-CoL="LWZ" authority="Barber, 1947" authorityName="Barber" authorityYear="1947" box="[825,1113,1796,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Acalymma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738708803CFC81322E618A560E" bold="true" box="[825,954,1796,1823]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Acalymma</emphasis> +Barber, 1947 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 94] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF79320D67465650" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1830,1857]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF79320D67465650" box="[193,1398,1830,1857]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">– Elytral setae either absent or short and appressed ........................................................................... 54</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48708803CFF05324C674656F8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF05324C674656D4" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF05324C674656D4" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +54. Extensor margin of tibiae deeply channeled, with distinct carina between margins of channel, therefore tricarinate; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48708803CFD3132A260E056B2" box="[649,720,1928,1955]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 1</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18708803CFC0E32A2666556B2" box="[950,1109,1928,1955]" name="United States of America" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, and in West Indies.................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28708803CFCFB3281666956D4" ID-CoL="63BHX" authority="Clark, 1865" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[835,1113,1962,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monocesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738708803CFCFB328161F756D4" bold="true" box="[835,967,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Monocesta</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908708803CFC763280666956D4" author="Clark H." box="[974,1113,1962,1989]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 38] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618708803CFF7932E5674656F8" blockId="43.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548708803CFF7932E5674656F8" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">– Tibiae not deeply grooved and tricarinate ....................................................................................... 55</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870F803BFF05342367465078" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF05342367465054" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF05342367465054" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +55. Third antennomere longer than fourth; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFC383423663D5032" box="[896,1037,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 37–39</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFB42342367625032" box="[1274,1362,265,291]" name="Canada" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFF52340663745057" box="[234,324,300,326]" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mexico</collectingCountry> +...................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFD6E340161C55057" ID-CoL="68ZN" authority="Wilcox, 1965" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[726,1013,299,326]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870F803BFD6E340161605057" bold="true" box="[726,848,299,326]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ophraella</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870F803BFCEF340661C55057" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[855,1013,299,326]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 43, 46, 66] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF79346567465078" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,334,361]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF79346567465078" box="[193,1398,334,361]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">– Third antennomere shorter than fourth ............................................................................................ 56</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870F803BFF0534A5674650FE" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF0534A5674650DD" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF0534A5674650DD" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +56. Tibiae with easily visible apical spurs; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFCC934A561EA50B8" box="[881,986,399,425]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 124</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFB2734A5677150B8" box="[1183,1345,399,425]" name="United States of America" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFF523498637450DD" box="[234,324,434,460]" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mexico</collectingCountry> +..................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFCFF3498667A50DD" ID-CoL="7YX2" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[839,1098,434,460]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Triarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870F803BFCFF3498619950DD" bold="true" box="[839,937,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Triarius</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870F803BFC093498667A50DD" author="Jacoby M." box="[945,1098,434,460]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 140] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF7934FF674650FE" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,468,495]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF7934FF674650FE" box="[193,1398,468,495]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">– Tibial spurs either absent or tiny and hidden among nearby setae .................................................. 57</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870F803BFF05373F67465389" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF05373F67465364" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF05373F67465364" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +57. Third antennomere not more than 1.5 times as long as second antennomere; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFAA2373F6742533E" box="[1306,1394,533,559]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 67</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFE03371260235343" box="[443,531,568,594]" name="Canada" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Canada</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies ....................... ....................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFD3C377061F95364" ID-CoL="43YX" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[644,969,602,629]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870F803BFD3C377061355364" bold="true" box="[644,773,602,629]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diabrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870F803BFCB4377161F95364" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[780,969,603,629]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 78, 80, 81, 82] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF79375467465389" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,637,664]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF79375467465389" box="[193,1398,637,664]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">– Third antennomere more than 1.5 times as long as second antennomere ....................................... 58</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870F803BFF053794674652B8" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF0537946746520F" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF0537946746520F" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +58. Both anterior and posterior margins of pronotum with fine bead; elytra, upon close inspection, with numerous appressed setae; apex of male abdomen arcuately incised; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFAAF37CB674153ED" box="[1303,1393,737,764]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 15</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFE01362E6021520F" box="[441,529,772,798]" name="Canada" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Canada</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFD8F362E6086520F" box="[567,694,772,798]" name="Guatemala" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +............... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFC9036296669520E" ID-CoL="82FV" authority="LeConte, 1865" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1865" box="[808,1113,771,799]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trirhabda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870F803BFC9036296193520F" bold="true" box="[808,931,771,798]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Trirhabda</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870F803BFC12362E6669520E" author="LeConte J. L." box="[938,1113,772,799]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 32] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF79360D674652B8" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF79360D674652B8" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +– Both anterior and posterior margins of pronotum lacking marginal bead; elytra with a few erect setae, especially towards apex, but without appressed setae; apex of male abdomen with rectangular lobe; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFCFA364661805297" box="[834,944,876,902]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 127</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFB103646677F5297" box="[1192,1359,876,902]" name="United States of America" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">United States</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFF5236A5637752B8" box="[234,327,911,937]" name="Panama" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Panama</collectingCountry> +........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFD4336A4663452B8" ID-CoL="7D89" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[763,1028,910,937]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870F803BFD4336A4616352B8" bold="true" box="[763,851,910,937]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Scelida</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870F803BFCE236A4663452B8" author="Chapuis F." box="[858,1028,910,937]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 152, 184] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870F803BFF0536E56746551D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF0536E5674652F8" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,975,1002]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF0536E5674652F8" box="[189,1398,975,1002]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">59. Elytra strongly tuberculate; pronotum and elytra coarsely punctate ............................................... 60</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF7936D96746551D" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1010,1037]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF7936D96746551D" box="[193,1398,1010,1037]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">– If elytra strongly tuberculate, then pronotum and elytra not both coarsely punctate ...................... 61</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870F803BFF053119674755A4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF05311967475561" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF05311967475561" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +60. Body less than twice as long as broad ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFD753119616B555C" box="[717,859,1075,1101]" captionStart="Figs 28–36" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 28–36. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 29–30</figureCitation> +); distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFBF031196692555C" box="[1096,1186,1075,1101]" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies .......... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFCA4317F66695561" ID-CoL="89VX" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[796,1113,1109,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Yingaresca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870F803BFCA4317F6192557E" bold="true" box="[796,930,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Yingaresca</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1956 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 19] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF793153674755A4" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF793153674755A4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +– Body more than twice as long as broad; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFC7F315266175583" box="[967,1063,1144,1170]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 13</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFB453152670B5583" box="[1277,1339,1144,1170]" name="Cuba" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cuba</collectingCountry> +and Hispaniola ............................................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFBAC31B0674755A4" authority="Blake, 1941" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1941" box="[1044,1399,1178,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Dicoelotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870F803BFBAC31B066D155A4" bold="true" box="[1044,1249,1178,1205]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Dicoelotrachelus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870F803BFB5131B1674755A4" author="Blake D. H." box="[1257,1399,1179,1205]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref35113" refString="Blake D. H. 1941. New species of Chaetocnema and other chrysomelids (Coleoptera) from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 43 (8): 171 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Blake, 1941</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870F803BFF0531F6674654F9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF0531F667475490" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF0531F667475490" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +61. Both male and female with third, fourth, and fifth antennomeres elongate, subequal in length, each distinctly longer than sixth antennomere (1.5 or more times longer); mesotibia in many males with emargination on flexor margin, modified into clasping organ ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFBEA300B668B542D" box="[1106,1211,1313,1340]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 205</figureCitation> +); mesofemur of some species expanded apically; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFCAE306E615D544F" box="[790,877,1348,1374]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 91</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFB94306E66B9544F" box="[1068,1161,1348,1374]" name="Panama" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Panama</collectingCountry> +and northern South America.................................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFB99304C67475490" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[1057,1399,1382,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Aristobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870F803BFB99304C668F5490" bold="true" box="[1057,1215,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Aristobrotica</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1956 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF7930A0674654F9" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF7930A0674654F9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +– Third, fourth, and fifth antennomeres not all significantly elongate in comparison to sixth antennomere; in most genera, preapical emargination of male mesotibiae absent; if male with preapical tibial emargination, then tibia not modified to +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFD7B30E4615654F9" box="[707,870,1486,1512]" form="clasping" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="form">form clasping</taxonomicName> +organ......................................................... 62 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870F803BFF053325674657A5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF0533256746577E" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF0533256746577E" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +62. Genal distance (distance from eye margin to external edge of mouth, before base of mandible) large, equal to at least half maximum diameter of eye ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFC91331861A1575D" box="[809,913,1586,1612]" captionStart="Figs 180–182" captionStartId="93.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,267,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-55@93.[219,1365,266,1835]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figs 180–182. Anterior portion of bodies, lateral views. 180. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, showing large gena, enlarged front femur, and spine on trochanter. 181. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835), showing medium-sized gena. 182. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), showing small gena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222573/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 180</figureCitation> +); eye small, with maximum diameter not more than three-fourths interocular distance, usually two-thirds or less......................................... 63 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF793352674657A5" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF793352674657A5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +– Genal distance small, less than half-maximum diameter of eye ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFBB3335D66875783" box="[1035,1207,1655,1682]" captionStart="Figs 180–182" captionStartId="93.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,267,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-55@93.[219,1365,266,1835]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figs 180–182. Anterior portion of bodies, lateral views. 180. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, showing large gena, enlarged front femur, and spine on trochanter. 181. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835), showing medium-sized gena. 182. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), showing small gena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222573/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 181–182</figureCitation> +); eyes small to large ................................................................................................................................................ 70 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870F803BFF0533F1674756F8" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF0533F16746562B" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF0533F16746562B" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">63. Antenna inserted at or below middle level of eyes; face flat, not excavated; ventral surface of proximal three tarsomeres of male front leg uniformly covered with truncate setae, forming adhesive patch ................................................................................................................................................ 64</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870F803BFF79326E674756F8" blockId="44.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870F803BFF79326E674756F8" pageId="44" pageNumber="45"> +– Antenna inserted above midline of eyes (sometimes at midline in female), widely separated from eyes (space between antennal fossa and eye equal to half diameter of antennal fossa); proximal three tarsomeres of male foreleg densely setose ventrally, but without patch of truncate adhesive setae; males of most species with face excavated ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFD4A328161AA56D7" box="[754,922,1963,1990]" captionStart="Figs158–163" captionStartId="89.[189,241,1925,1951]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-56@89.[203,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figs158–163.Heads,anteriorviews.158.Gynandrobroticaventricosa(Jacoby,1878),♂.159.G.ventricosa, ♀. 160. Gynandrobrotica nigrofasciata (Jacoby, 1878), ♂. 161. Elyces?quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 162. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), ♂. 163. M. geometrica, ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222561/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 158–160</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870F803BFBF43281669456D4" box="[1100,1188,1963,1989]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 82</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870F803BFF5332E4637556F9" box="[235,325,1998,2024]" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America........................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870F803BFC4832E4674756F8" authority="Bechyne, 1955" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1955" box="[1008,1399,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gynandrobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870F803BFC4832E4668F56F8" bold="true" box="[1008,1215,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Gynandrobrotica</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1955 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870E803AFF05342367465054" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF05342367465035" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,265,292]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF05342367465035" box="[189,1398,265,292]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">64. Distal male antennomeres not distinctly enlarged ........................................................................... 65</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF79340167465054" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,299,325]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF79340167465054" box="[193,1398,299,325]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">– One or more antennomeres in distal half of male antenna distinctly broadened............................. 68</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870E803AFF0534416746533F" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF053441674750FA" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF053441674750FA" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +65. Male with front femora much wider than hind femora; front trochanter of male posteriorly produced to form spine-like process ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFD9434A760A750B6" box="[556,663,397,423]" captionStart="Figs 180–182" captionStartId="93.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,267,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-55@93.[219,1365,266,1835]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figs 180–182. Anterior portion of bodies, lateral views. 180. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, showing large gena, enlarged front femur, and spine on trochanter. 181. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835), showing medium-sized gena. 182. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), showing small gena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222573/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 180</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFD1B34A760E350B6" box="[675,723,397,423]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">207</figureCitation> +); elytral disc with longitudinal rows of erect setae (easily abraded); lateral pronotal margin with regular row of short setae (easily abraded); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFF5234FA637150FA" box="[234,321,464,491]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 90</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870E803AFE4234FA606C50FB" box="[506,604,464,490]" name="Ecuador" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ecuador</collectingCountry> +......................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870E803AFC3534FA674750FA" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2020" box="[909,1399,464,491]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Prathapanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870E803AFC3534FA660250FA" bold="true" box="[909,1074,464,491]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Prathapanius</emphasis> +Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF7934D96746533F" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF7934D96746533F" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">– Male with front femora narrower than hind femora; front trochanter of male without posterior process; elytral disc and pronotal margin either with or without such setae ................................... 66</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870E803AFF05377E674653E7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF05377E674653A2" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF05377E674653A2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +66. Genal length more than greatest diameter of eye; aedeagus with basal spurs; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFAA8377E633B5381" captionStart="Figs 37–45" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 37–45. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 37– 39</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870E803AFE7C375C602C5381" box="[452,540,630,656]" name="Canada" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Canada</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870E803AFDED375C60C25381" box="[597,754,630,656]" name="United States of America" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">United States</collectingCountry> +...................................................................................... .................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870E803AFD6E37BD61C553A2" ID-CoL="68ZN" authority="Wilcox, 1965" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[726,1013,663,691]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870E803AFD6E37BD616053A3" bold="true" box="[726,848,663,690]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ophraella</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870E803AFCEF37B261C553A2" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[855,1013,664,691]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 43, 46, 55] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF793790674653E7" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF793790674653E7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">– Genal length less than greatest diameter of eye; aedeagus lacking basal spurs; distribution in Latin America............................................................................................................................................ 67</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870E803AFF053636674652CE" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF0536366746526B" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF0536366746526B" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +67. Elytra with numerous, long, erect setae; male mesotibia with preapical, ventral notch; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFF53361463605249" box="[235,336,830,856]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 109</figureCitation> +; distribution in northern South America................................................................................ ....................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870E803AFD3E367566695268" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1961" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1961" box="[646,1113,863,890]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Parabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870E803AFD3E36756125526B" bold="true" box="[646,789,863,890]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Parabrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870E803AFCA4367566695268" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[796,1113,863,890]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref34515" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1961. Notas sobre Chrysomeloidea neotropicais. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Novo Serie, Zoologia 33: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1961">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1961</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 74] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF7936A8674652CE" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF7936A8674652CE" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +– Elytra nearly asetose; male mesotibia lacking preapical notch; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFABA36AB633A52AC" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 84– 88</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870E803AFDAF3689604152AC" box="[535,625,931,957]" name="Mexico" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies........................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870E803AFCFC36EF661152CE" authority="Weise, 1922" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1922" box="[836,1057,965,991]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Isotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870E803AFCFC36EF61BA52CE" bold="true" box="[836,906,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Isotes</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870E803AFC2936EF661152CE" author="Weise J." box="[913,1057,965,991]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="39 - 130" refId="ref41653" refString="Weise J. 1922. Chrysomeliden der Indo-Malayischen Region. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 65: 39 - 130." type="journal article" year="1922">Weise, 1922</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 86, 92] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870E803AFF05312F674655B7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF05312F67475572" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF05312F67475572" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +68. Third antennomere distinctly longer than fourth ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFCE4312F61FC550E" box="[860,972,1029,1055]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 209</figureCitation> +); mesotibiae of male with broad, shallow, subapical emargination; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFCD5310D61E35550" box="[877,979,1063,1089]" captionStart="Figs 73–81" captionStartId="79.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,264,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-65@79.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figs 73–81. Dorsal views. 73. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835). 74. Anisobrotica sp. 75. Paratriarius cruciatus (Jacoby, 1887). 76. Paratriarius sp. 77. Acalymma mysticum (Jacoby, 1887). 78. Acalymma gouldi Barber, 1947. 79. Ensiforma inflaticornis (Bechyné, 1956). 80. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892. 81. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222531/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 81</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870E803AFB04310D67055550" box="[1212,1333,1063,1089]" name="Venezuela" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870E803AFF52316363025572" box="[234,306,1097,1123]" name="Brazil" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry> +.................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870E803AFC28316267475572" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1969" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[912,1399,1096,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cornubrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870E803AFC28316266035572" bold="true" box="[912,1075,1096,1123]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cornubrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870E803AFB82316367475572" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[1082,1399,1097,1123]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref34660" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1969. Die Galerucidengattungen in Sudbrasilien. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 36: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1969">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1969</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF793141674655B7" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF793141674655B7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">– Third antennomere subequal to or shorter than fourth; mesotibiae in male not emarginate, although bent at apical third in some specimens ............................................................................................ 69</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870E803AFF0531E7674754A3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF0531E76746545D" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF0531E76746545D" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +69. Seventh and especially ninth antennomeres of male much wider than other antennomeres and somewhat pointed laterally; elytra metallic green or blue, with yellow lateral and distal areas; elytral punctation dense, with punctures separated by distance less than their diameters; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFAA4303A6740543B" box="[1308,1392,1296,1322]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 83</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America ...... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870E803AFDC130186669545D" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1969" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[633,1113,1330,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Buckibrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870E803AFDC130186125545C" bold="true" box="[633,789,1330,1357]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Buckibrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870E803AFCA430186669545D" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[796,1113,1330,1356]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref34660" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1969. Die Galerucidengattungen in Sudbrasilien. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 36: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1969">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1969</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 88] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF79307F674754A3" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF79307F674754A3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +– Eighth through eleventh male antennomeres enlarged, with tenth antennomere largest, although with ninth antennomere nearly as large in some species; elytral color and punctation not as above; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFE9F30B2634E54A3" box="[295,382,1432,1458]" captionStart="Figs 73–81" captionStartId="79.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,264,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-65@79.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figs 73–81. Dorsal views. 73. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835). 74. Anisobrotica sp. 75. Paratriarius cruciatus (Jacoby, 1887). 76. Paratriarius sp. 77. Acalymma mysticum (Jacoby, 1887). 78. Acalymma gouldi Barber, 1947. 79. Ensiforma inflaticornis (Bechyné, 1956). 80. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892. 81. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222531/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 79</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America ................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870E803AFBED30BD674754A3" authority="Jacoby, 1876" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1876" box="[1109,1399,1431,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ensiforma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870E803AFBED30BD66E654A0" bold="true" box="[1109,1238,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ensiforma</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870E803AFB6630B2674754A3" author="Jacoby M." box="[1246,1399,1432,1458]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="807 - 817" refId="ref38612" refString="Jacoby M. 1876. Descriptions of new genera and species of phytophagous Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876: 807 - 817. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1876. tb 02617. x" type="journal article" year="1876">Jacoby, 1876</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870E803AFF0530F26746578A" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF0530F26746576B" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF0530F26746576B" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">70. Lateral margin of prothorax with large setae only on anterior and posterior angles or with only one or two small setae placed near large setae..............................................71 [Note that the setae along the lateral margin are easily rubbed off or are difficult to see at lower magnifications. If a specimen, apparently without lateral prothoracic setae, is not identifiable using the key, the user should return to this part of the key and attempt identification as if the specimen had lateral pronotal setae.]</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF7933A86746578A" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1665,1692]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF7933A86746578A" box="[193,1398,1665,1692]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">– Lateral margin of prothorax with six or more fine, evenly spaced setae......................................... 90</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870E803AFF0533EB67465672" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF0533EB6747560E" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF0533EB6747560E" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +71. Upon close examination, lateral portion of anterior pronotal margin with fringe of short setae; terminal maxillary palpomere short, stout, abruptly narrowed to nipple-like apex ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFB1E33C9673D57EF" box="[1190,1293,1763,1790]" captionStart="Figs 153–157. 153" captionStartId="88.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,265,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-61@88.[212,1375,265,1858]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figs 153–157. 153. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. 154. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886, ventral view. 155. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956), head, including maxillary palpi. 156. Pyesexora sp., head, including maxillary palpi. 157. Byblitea sp., lower portion of head, including maxillary palpi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222557/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 157</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFE90322F634F5631" box="[296,383,1797,1824]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 59</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America ......................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870E803AFB35322E6747560E" authority="Baly, 1864" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1864" box="[1165,1399,1796,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Byblitea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870E803AFB35322E66C0560E" bold="true" box="[1165,1264,1796,1823]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Byblitea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870E803AFB40322F6747560E" author="Baly J. S." box="[1272,1399,1797,1823]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="133 - 136" refId="ref33947" refString="Baly J. S. 1864. Descriptions of some uncharacterized genera of Phytophaga. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 1: 133 - 136." type="journal article" year="1864">Baly, 1864</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF79320D67465672" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF79320D67465672" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">– Anterior pronotal margin lacking setal fringe; terminal maxillary palpomere of many genera slender.............................................................................................................................................. 72</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870E803AFF0532A3674656F9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF0532A3674656D4" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF0532A3674656D4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +72. Genal distance (distance from eye margin to external edge of mouth, before base of mandible) small, less than one-fourth maximum diameter of eye ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFCA6328161B256D4" box="[798,898,1963,1989]" captionStart="Figs 180–182" captionStartId="93.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,267,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-55@93.[219,1365,266,1835]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figs 180–182. Anterior portion of bodies, lateral views. 180. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, showing large gena, enlarged front femur, and spine on trochanter. 181. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835), showing medium-sized gena. 182. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), showing small gena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222573/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 182</figureCitation> +) ............................................................. 73 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870E803AFF7932E5674656F9" blockId="45.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870E803AFF7932E5674656F9" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46"> +– Genal distance medium sized, one-fourth to one-half maximum diameter of eye ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870E803AFB1932E4673556F9" box="[1185,1285,1998,2024]" captionStart="Figs 180–182" captionStartId="93.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,267,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-55@93.[219,1365,266,1835]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figs 180–182. Anterior portion of bodies, lateral views. 180. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, showing large gena, enlarged front femur, and spine on trochanter. 181. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835), showing medium-sized gena. 182. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), showing small gena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222573/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 181</figureCitation> +)......... 83 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF05342367465056" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF05342367465032" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,265,292]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF05342367465032" box="[189,1398,265,292]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">73. Third antennomere 2.5–3.5 times as long as second antennomere.................................................. 74</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF79340767465056" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,300,327]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF79340767465056" box="[193,1398,300,327]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">– Third antennomere not more than 1.5 times as long as second antennomere ................................. 77</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF053445674650E5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF053445674650C1" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF053445674650C1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +74. Elytra with numerous erect setae; male mesotibia with preapical notch; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FAB0344467415098" box="[1288,1393,366,393]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 109</figureCitation> +; distribution in northern South America ............................................................................................... ....................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FD3E349F666950C1" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1961" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1961" box="[646,1113,437,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Parabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FD3E349F612550C1" bold="true" box="[646,789,437,464]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parabrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870D8039FCA4349C666950C1" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[796,1113,438,464]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref34515" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1961. Notas sobre Chrysomeloidea neotropicais. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Novo Serie, Zoologia 33: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1961">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1961</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 67] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF7934F0674650E5" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,473,500]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF7934F0674650E5" box="[193,1398,473,500]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">– Elytra lacking numerous erect setae; male mesotibia with or without preapical emargination ...... 75</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF05373167465348" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF05373167475327" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1399,539,566]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF05373167475327" box="[189,1399,539,566]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +75. Mesotibia emarginate before apex; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870D8039FC8E3736615C5327" box="[822,876,540,566]" name="Peru" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Peru</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870D8039FC1D373161CB5324" box="[933,1019,539,565]" name="Bolivia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +.......... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FBF7373167475327" ID-CoL="6CTJ" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[1103,1399,539,566]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Palmariaceae" genus="Palmaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Palmariales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FBF73731668F5327" bold="true" box="[1103,1215,539,566]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Palmaria</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1956 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF79371567465348" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,575,601]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF79371567465348" box="[193,1398,575,601]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">– Mesotibia not emarginate before apex............................................................................................. 76</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF0537AB6746525C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF0537AB674753F3" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF0537AB674753F3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +76. Inner lobe of tarsal claw only about half as long as outer lobe; gender male (female with appendiculate tarsal claws); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FCC9378E61E653AE" box="[881,982,676,703]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 92</figureCitation> +; distribution in northern South America...................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FDDF37E2667A53F3" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1968" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1968" box="[615,1098,712,739]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hyperbrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FDDF37E2613753F2" bold="true" box="[615,775,712,739]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hyperbrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870D8039FCB637E2667A53F3" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[782,1098,712,738]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="24 - 50" refId="ref34612" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1968. Notas sobre el genero Acalymma Barber (Col.: Phytophaga, Galerucidae). Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela 4 (4): 24 - 50." type="journal article" year="1968">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 121] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF7937C66746525C" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF7937C66746525C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +– Inner lobe of tarsal claw three-fourths or more times as long as outer lobe; gender either male or female; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FE513625605F5238" box="[489,623,783,809]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 70–71</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870D8039FCF4362561DA5238" box="[844,1002,783,809]" name="United States of America" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies...................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FD0A36186611525F" ID-CoL="6FRH" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[690,1057,818,846]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paranapiacaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FD0A3618615A525C" bold="true" box="[690,874,818,845]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Paranapiacaba</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870D8039FCC936196611525F" author="Bechyne J." box="[881,1057,819,846]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 88, 92] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF05365F674652EB" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF05365F674652A2" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF05365F674652A2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">77. Third antennomere, at least in males, slightly shorter than second antennomere, together usually considerably shorter than fourth antennomere ................................................................................ 78</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF793697674652EB" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF793697674652EB" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">– Third antennomere equal to or slightly longer than second antennomere, together more than half as long as fourth antennomere ............................................................................................................. 79</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF05310867475403" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF053108674755B7" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF053108674755B7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +78. Fourth antennomere about as long as first, second, and third antennomeres combined ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FB4731086758552D" box="[1279,1384,1058,1084]" captionStart="Figs 229–232. 229" captionStartId="101.[189,241,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[259,1316,269,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-71@101.[221,1349,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figs 229–232. 229. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846, lateral view, showing clubbed antenna and tuberculate elytron. 230. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold), 1875, lateral view, showing silky golden setae on metathorax. 231. Deinocladus sp., anterior portion of body, dorsal view, showing subequal lengths of second and third antennomeres. 232. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906, lateral view, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222607/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 231</figureCitation> +); male with ninth antennomere, and sometimes others also, greatly enlarged ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FBD2316F66E2554E" box="[1130,1234,1093,1119]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 217</figureCitation> +); middle tibia of male with distinct, preapical, ventral notch; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FC0B314366285592" box="[947,1048,1129,1155]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 113</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870D8039FB4F314367485592" box="[1271,1400,1129,1155]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870D8039FEB131A6636F55B7" box="[265,351,1164,1190]" name="Bolivia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +.................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FBF231A6674755B7" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[1098,1399,1164,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Deinocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FBF231A666D255B6" bold="true" box="[1098,1250,1164,1191]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Deinocladus</emphasis> +Blake, 1966 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF79319B67475403" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF79319B67475403" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +– Fourth antennomere much shorter than first, second, and third antennomeres combined; antennae filiform; male middle tibia without preapical notch; distribution in Central and South America................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FE5931DD61175400" ID-CoL="43YX" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[481,807,1271,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FE5931DD60525403" bold="true" box="[481,610,1271,1298]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diabrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870D8039FDD131DD61175400" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[617,807,1271,1297]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part ( +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FC2C31D261CC5403" box="[916,1020,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">signifera</emphasis> +group); see couplets 57, 80–82] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF0530136746548A" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF05301367465466" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF05301367465466" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +79. Metepisternum and adjacent metasternum with patch of long, silky, golden or silvery, overlapping setae ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FE8E307763AB5466" box="[310,411,1373,1399]" captionStart="Figs 229–232. 229" captionStartId="101.[189,241,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[259,1316,269,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-71@101.[221,1349,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figs 229–232. 229. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846, lateral view, showing clubbed antenna and tuberculate elytron. 230. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold), 1875, lateral view, showing silky golden setae on metathorax. 231. Deinocladus sp., anterior portion of body, dorsal view, showing subequal lengths of second and third antennomeres. 232. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906, lateral view, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222607/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 230</figureCitation> +) ................................................................................................................................ 80 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF7930AB6746548A" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1409,1435]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF7930AB6746548A" box="[193,1398,1409,1435]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">– Metepisternum without golden or silvery setae............................................................................... 81</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF0530E967475759" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF0530E967465711" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF0530E967465711" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +80. Elytron with two transverse depressions on disc, one behind basal callus, one behind mid-length; distribution Central America.......... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FD3C30CC61F95711" ID-CoL="43YX" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[644,969,1510,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FD3C30CC61355710" bold="true" box="[644,773,1510,1537]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diabrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870D8039FCB430CC61F95711" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[780,969,1510,1536]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 57, 78, 81–82] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF79332067475759" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF79332067475759" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +– Elytron without two transverse depressions; pronotum as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FC2D332061C75735" box="[917,1015,1546,1572]" captionStart="Figs 189–194" captionStartId="95.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,276,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-71@95.[232,1356,265,1804]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figs 189–194. Anterior portions of bodies. 189. Pyesexora sp., dorsal view. 190. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), dorsal view. 191. Anisobrotica sp., dorsal view. 192. Megarhabda sp., dorsal view. 193. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina. 194. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1308), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222579/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 190</figureCitation> +; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FB2A332066D65735" box="[1170,1254,1546,1572]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 66</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America ................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FBA7330767475759" authority="Bechyne, 1955" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1955" box="[1055,1399,1581,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cochabamba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FBA73307668F5759" bold="true" box="[1055,1215,1581,1608]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<collectingRegion id="9D1A5683870D8039FBA73307668F5759" box="[1055,1215,1581,1608]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Cochabamba</collectingRegion> +</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1955 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF05334567465609" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF053345674657BC" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF053345674657BC" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">81. Elytral surface even, not longitudinally sulcate, although sometimes with one or two short plicae in posthumeral area.............................................................................................................................. 82</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF79339D67465609" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF79339D67465609" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +– Each elytron with two or more distinct, sinuate, longitudinal sulci, strongest behind humeral callus, extending beyond middle; pronotum deeply bifoveate; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870D8039FBF633F0669657E5" box="[1102,1190,1754,1780]" name="Canada" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Canada</collectingCountry> +through much of South America ... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FE0033D760CD5609" ID-CoL="43YX" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[440,765,1789,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FE0033D760095609" bold="true" box="[440,569,1789,1816]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diabrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870D8039FDF833D460CD5609" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[576,765,1790,1816]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part ( +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FCD333D461E15609" box="[875,977,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">virgifera</emphasis> +group); see couplets 57, 78, 80, 82] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870D8039FF05326A674656F9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF05326A6747566F" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF05326A6747566F" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +82. Sixth to tenth antennomeres of male enlarged and ventrally excavated; distribution in +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FF523249636F566C" ID-CoL="32LP" box="[234,351,1891,1917]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="46" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName> +................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FC7132496747566F" authority="Cabrera & Walsh, 2004" authorityName="Cabrera & Walsh" authorityYear="2004" box="[969,1399,1891,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Platybrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FC713249666C566F" bold="true" box="[969,1116,1891,1918]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Platybrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870D8039FBDB32496747566F" author="Cabrera N. & Walsh G. C." box="[1123,1399,1891,1918]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="6 - 14" refId="ref35644" refString="Cabrera N. & Walsh G. C. 2004. Platybrotica misionensis a new genus and species of Luperini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Argentina. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 97 (1): 6 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0006: PMANGA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Cabrera & Walsh, 2004</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870D8039FF7932A2674656F9" blockId="46.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870D8039FF7932A2674656F9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47"> +– Male antennae not as above; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870D8039FD6032AD611F56B0" box="[728,815,1927,1953]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 67</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870D8039FBB132AD665156B0" box="[1033,1121,1927,1953]" name="Canada" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Canada</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies ...................................................................................................... ....................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870D8039FD3C32E461F956F9" ID-CoL="43YX" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[644,969,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870D8039FD3C32E4613556F8" bold="true" box="[644,773,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diabrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870D8039FCB432E461F956F9" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[780,969,1998,2024]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 57, 78, 80–81] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF053423674650A3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF0534236747509F" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF0534236747509F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +83. Head, pronotum, and abdomen strongly alutaceous, black with distinct blue or green luster; legs and antennae dark brown; apical portion of male elytron attenuate and deeply excavated, with dense setae along sutural rim of excavation; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FBF3347A669E507B" box="[1099,1198,336,362]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 72</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FF52345E6377509F" box="[234,327,372,398]" name="Panama" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Panama</collectingCountry> +...................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FB8034596747509F" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[1080,1399,371,398]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microbrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FB80345966E6509F" bold="true" box="[1080,1238,371,398]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Microbrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FB66345E6747509F" author="Jacoby M." box="[1246,1399,372,398]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF7934B2674650A3" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,407,434]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF7934B2674650A3" box="[193,1398,407,434]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">– Not as above .................................................................................................................................... 84</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF0534F067465392" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF0534F06747534F" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF0534F06747534F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +84. Pronotum at mid-length with transverse impression occupying most of pronotal width; body less than +<quantity id="98263584870C8038FF5034D7631D5309" box="[232,301,509,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity> +long; elytral punctation of most (but not all) species rather coarse, with punctures separated from each other by distance about equal to diameter of puncture; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FB34370B66D2532A" box="[1164,1250,545,571]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 18</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FE93376E63F8534F" box="[299,456,580,606]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">United States</collectingCountry> +to South America, as well as in West Indies...................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FBCC376E6747534F" ID-CoL="5TKG" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[1140,1399,580,606]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Miraces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FBCC376E66E6534F" bold="true" box="[1140,1238,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Miraces</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FB66376E6747534F" author="Jacoby M." box="[1246,1399,580,606]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF79374267465392" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,616,643]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF79374267465392" box="[193,1398,616,643]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +– If pronotum with transverse impression, then body more than +<quantity id="98263584870C8038FC79374266355393" box="[961,1029,616,643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity> +long..................................... 85 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF0537806747523E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF053780674653D5" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,682,709]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF053780674653D5" box="[189,1398,682,709]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">85. Third antennomere 1.5 or more times as long as second antennomere........................................... 86</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF7937E46747523E" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF7937E46747523E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +– Second and third antennomeres subequal in length; head and pronotum with pattern of spots; pronotum strongly foveate ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FD2B37DB60CE521A" box="[659,766,753,779]" captionStart="Figs 189–194" captionStartId="95.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,276,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-71@95.[232,1356,265,1804]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figs 189–194. Anterior portions of bodies. 189. Pyesexora sp., dorsal view. 190. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), dorsal view. 191. Anisobrotica sp., dorsal view. 192. Megarhabda sp., dorsal view. 193. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina. 194. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1308), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222579/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 191</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FC7C37DB6610521A" box="[964,1056,753,779]" captionStart="Figs 73–81" captionStartId="79.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,264,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-65@79.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figs 73–81. Dorsal views. 73. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835). 74. Anisobrotica sp. 75. Paratriarius cruciatus (Jacoby, 1887). 76. Paratriarius sp. 77. Acalymma mysticum (Jacoby, 1887). 78. Acalymma gouldi Barber, 1947. 79. Ensiforma inflaticornis (Bechyné, 1956). 80. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892. 81. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222531/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 74</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FAB337DB6763521A" box="[1291,1363,753,779]" name="Brazil" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Brazil</collectingCountry> +to +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FF52363F636F523E" ID-CoL="32LP" box="[234,351,789,815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="47" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName> +............................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FC20363E6747523E" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1969" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[920,1399,788,815]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Anisobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FC20363E6603523E" bold="true" box="[920,1075,788,815]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Anisobrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FB82363F6747523E" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[1082,1399,789,815]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref34660" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1969. Die Galerucidengattungen in Sudbrasilien. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 36: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1969">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1969</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF05367C674652CD" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF05367C67465260" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,854,881]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF05367C67465260" box="[189,1398,854,881]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">86. Basal tarsomere of hind leg long, in male longer than two following tarsomeres combined.......... 87</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF793651674652CD" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF793651674652CD" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +– Basal tarsomere of hind leg short, in male subequal to two following tarsomeres combined; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FE9636B4638952A9" box="[302,441,926,952]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 84–88</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FD2536B460C752A9" box="[669,759,926,952]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies........................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FCFC36E8661152CD" authority="Weise, 1922" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1922" box="[836,1057,961,988]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Isotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FCFC36E861BA52CD" bold="true" box="[836,906,962,988]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Isotes</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FC2936EB661152CD" author="Weise J." box="[913,1057,961,988]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="39 - 130" refId="ref41653" refString="Weise J. 1922. Chrysomeliden der Indo-Malayischen Region. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 65: 39 - 130." type="journal article" year="1922">Weise, 1922</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 67, 92] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF05312E67465550" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF05312E6746550F" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,1027,1054]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF05312E6746550F" box="[189,1398,1027,1054]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">87. Elytra in male often dilated posteriorly, but without raised areas, excavations, or depressions...... 88</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF79310267465550" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1063,1090]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF79310267465550" box="[193,1398,1063,1090]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">– Elytra in male with raised areas, excavations, or depressions in posterior half .............................. 89</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF05314367465424" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF053143674655FF" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF053143674655FF" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +88. Seventh and especially ninth antennomeres of male much wider than other antennomeres and somewhat pointed laterally; elytra metallic green or blue, with yellow lateral and distal areas; elytral punctation dense, with punctures separated by distance less than their diameters; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FAA4319A674055DB" box="[1308,1392,1200,1226]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 83</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America ...... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FDC131F9666955FF" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1969" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[633,1113,1235,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Buckibrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FDC131F9612555FF" bold="true" box="[633,789,1235,1262]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Buckibrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FCA431FE666955FF" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[796,1113,1236,1262]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref34660" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1969. Die Galerucidengattungen in Sudbrasilien. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 36: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1969">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1969</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 69] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF7931D267465424" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF7931D267465424" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +– Not as above; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FDFA31DD60FC5403" box="[578,716,1271,1298]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 71–72</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FC0931DD66625403" box="[945,1106,1271,1298]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies ...... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FD0A303166115427" ID-CoL="6FRH" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[690,1057,1307,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paranapiacaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FD0A3031615A5427" bold="true" box="[690,874,1307,1334]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Paranapiacaba</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FCC9303166115427" author="Bechyne J." box="[881,1057,1307,1334]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 76, 92] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF05307767475717" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF053077674754AF" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF053077674754AF" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +89. Distal portion of male elytron not excavated, or (if excavated) excavation not extending to elytral apex ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FE8D30AB63AE548A" box="[309,414,1409,1435]" captionStart="Figs 224–228" captionStartId="100.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,273,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-65@100.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figs 224–228. Elytra. 224. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954), showing elytral costae. 225. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, showing extreme reduction of epipleuron. 226. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879), showing elytral fovea and modification. 227. Paratriarius sp., showing elytral modification. 228. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222603/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 227</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FDEC30AB60EC548A" box="[596,732,1408,1435]" captionStart="Figs 73–81" captionStartId="79.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,264,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-65@79.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figs 73–81. Dorsal views. 73. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835). 74. Anisobrotica sp. 75. Paratriarius cruciatus (Jacoby, 1887). 76. Paratriarius sp. 77. Acalymma mysticum (Jacoby, 1887). 78. Acalymma gouldi Barber, 1947. 79. Ensiforma inflaticornis (Bechyné, 1956). 80. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892. 81. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222531/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 75–76</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FC0430AB666B548A" box="[956,1115,1409,1435]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America.................................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FB9B308E674754AF" ID-CoL="63M5J" authority="Schaeffer, 1906" authorityName="Schaeffer" authorityYear="1906" box="[1059,1399,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paratriarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FB9B308E668754AF" bold="true" box="[1059,1207,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Paratriarius</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FB06308E674754AF" author="Schaeffer C." box="[1214,1399,1444,1470]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="221 - 253" refId="ref40776" refString="Schaeffer C. 1906. On new and known genera and species of the family Chrysomelidae. Brooklyn Institute Museum Science Bulletin 1 (9): 221 - 253." type="journal article" year="1906">Schaeffer, 1906</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF7930E267475717" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF7930E267475717" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +– Male elytron narrowed sharply in distal fourth to +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FC9C30E2619254F3" box="[804,930,1480,1506]" form="point" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="form">form point</taxonomicName> +, with apex excavated ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FB1030E2673E54F3" box="[1192,1294,1480,1506]" captionStart="Figs 224–228" captionStartId="100.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,273,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-65@100.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figs 224–228. Elytra. 224. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954), showing elytral costae. 225. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, showing extreme reduction of epipleuron. 226. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879), showing elytral fovea and modification. 227. Paratriarius sp., showing elytral modification. 228. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222603/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 228</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FE9F30C1634E5717" box="[295,382,1515,1542]" captionStart="Figs 73–81" captionStartId="79.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,264,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-65@79.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figs 73–81. Dorsal views. 73. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835). 74. Anisobrotica sp. 75. Paratriarius cruciatus (Jacoby, 1887). 76. Paratriarius sp. 77. Acalymma mysticum (Jacoby, 1887). 78. Acalymma gouldi Barber, 1947. 79. Ensiforma inflaticornis (Bechyné, 1956). 80. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892. 81. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222531/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 80</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FD8E30C160A05714" box="[566,656,1515,1541]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry> +.................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FBBC30C167475717" authority="Jacoby, 1892" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1892" box="[1028,1399,1515,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudodiabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FBBC30C166E65717" bold="true" box="[1028,1238,1515,1542]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pseudodiabrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FB6630C167475717" author="Jacoby M." box="[1246,1399,1515,1542]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref38829" refString="Jacoby M. 1892. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Supplement to Phytophaga. Volume 6, Part 1: 313 - 348. London." type="book" year="1892">Jacoby, 1892</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF0533046746579E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF0533046746577A" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF0533046746577A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">90. Elytra largely asetose, irregularly punctate, sometimes with scattered setae in apical third or on margins............................................................................................................................................. 91</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF79335F6746579E" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1653,1679]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF79335F6746579E" box="[193,1398,1653,1679]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">– Elytral disc with erect or suberect setae, often arranged in rows .................................................... 93</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF05339D6747562D" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF05339D674657C0" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,1719,1745]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF05339D674657C0" box="[189,1398,1719,1745]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">91. Elytra without vittae ........................................................................................................................ 92</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF7933F16747562D" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF7933F16747562D" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +– Elytra vittate; maximum diameter of eye equaling two-thirds to three-fourths interocular distance; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FE3C33D463EB5609" box="[388,475,1790,1816]" captionStart="Figs 73–81" captionStartId="79.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,264,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-65@79.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figs 73–81. Dorsal views. 73. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835). 74. Anisobrotica sp. 75. Paratriarius cruciatus (Jacoby, 1887). 76. Paratriarius sp. 77. Acalymma mysticum (Jacoby, 1887). 78. Acalymma gouldi Barber, 1947. 79. Ensiforma inflaticornis (Bechyné, 1956). 80. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892. 81. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222531/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 73</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FD0E33D461635609" box="[694,851,1790,1816]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">United States</collectingCountry> +to northern South America ............................. .................................................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FB81320B6747562D" ID-CoL="629WM" authority="Barber, 1947" authorityName="Barber" authorityYear="1947" box="[1081,1399,1825,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Amphelasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FB81320B66E7562D" bold="true" box="[1081,1239,1825,1852]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amphelasma</emphasis> +Barber, 1947 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4870C8038FF05324E674656F9" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF05324E674656B0" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF05324E674656B0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +92. Elytra faintly striate; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FDCB324960C8566F" box="[627,760,1891,1918]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 70–71</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FC7432496658566F" box="[972,1128,1891,1918]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies ...... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FD0A32AC661156B3" ID-CoL="6FRH" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[690,1057,1926,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paranapiacaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FD0A32AC615A56B0" bold="true" box="[690,874,1926,1953]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Paranapiacaba</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FCC932AD661156B3" author="Bechyne J." box="[881,1057,1927,1954]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 76, 88] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861870C8038FF793281674656F9" blockId="47.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54870C8038FF793281674656F9" pageId="47" pageNumber="48"> +– Elytra without striae; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4870C8038FD2A3281612B56D4" box="[658,795,1963,1989]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 84–88</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1870C8038FC453281666756D4" box="[1021,1111,1963,1989]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies.......................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2870C8038FCFB32E5661156F9" authority="Weise, 1922" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1922" box="[835,1057,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Isotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473870C8038FCFB32E561B956F8" bold="true" box="[835,905,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Isotes</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590870C8038FC2932E4661156F9" author="Weise J." box="[913,1057,1998,2024]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="39 - 130" refId="ref41653" refString="Weise J. 1922. Chrysomeliden der Indo-Malayischen Region. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 65: 39 - 130." type="journal article" year="1922">Weise, 1922</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 67, 86] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF05342367465076" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF05342367475057" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF05342367475057" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +93. Elytra with erect or suberect setae scattered on disc, not arranged in rows; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FAA0342367425032" box="[1304,1394,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 68</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FE2F340163E05054" box="[407,464,299,325]" name="Peru" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Peru</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FE64340160055054" box="[476,565,299,325]" name="Bolivia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FDCA3401608A5054" box="[626,698,299,325]" name="Brazil" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry> +.................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FBF8340067475057" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[1088,1399,298,326]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zischkaita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FBF83400668F5054" bold="true" box="[1088,1215,298,325]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Zischkaita</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1956 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF79346767465076" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,333,359]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF79346767465076" box="[193,1398,333,359]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">– Elytra with erect or suberect setae arranged in rows ....................................................................... 94</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF0534A767465340" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF0534A7674650FA" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF0534A7674650FA" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +94. Apex of abdomen deeply incised; gender male (females with appendiculate claws); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FF523485637050D8" box="[234,320,431,457]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 89</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FE423485604A50D8" box="[506,634,431,457]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FD0B3485612050D8" box="[691,784,431,457]" name="Panama" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Panama</collectingCountry> +................................................................................. .................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FDCB34FA667A50FA" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[627,1098,464,491]" genus="Heterochele" pageId="48" pageNumber="24" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FDCB34FA613650FA" bold="true" box="[627,774,464,491]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Heterochele</emphasis> +Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 133] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF7934D967465340" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF7934D967465340" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +– Apex of male abdomen not deeply incised; gender either male or female; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FF52373F6349533E" box="[234,377,533,559]" captionStart="Figs 73–81" captionStartId="79.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,264,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-65@79.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figs 73–81. Dorsal views. 73. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835). 74. Anisobrotica sp. 75. Paratriarius cruciatus (Jacoby, 1887). 76. Paratriarius sp. 77. Acalymma mysticum (Jacoby, 1887). 78. Acalymma gouldi Barber, 1947. 79. Ensiforma inflaticornis (Bechyné, 1956). 80. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892. 81. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222531/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 77–78</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FDD4373F60F4533E" box="[620,708,533,559]" name="Canada" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Canada</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies...................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FC81371C66695340" ID-CoL="LWZ" authority="Barber, 1947" authorityName="Barber" authorityYear="1947" box="[825,1113,566,593]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Acalymma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FC81371C618A5340" bold="true" box="[825,954,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Acalymma</emphasis> +Barber, 1947 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 53] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF05375D6746524C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF05375D674653C4" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF05375D674653C4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">95. Terminal ventrite of male abdomen with large, nearly square, apical lobe; aedeagal orifice with sclerotized covering; hind leg with basitarsus usually (but not always) longer than tarsomeres 2–5 combined; tibiae with apical spurs conspicuous, much longer than nearby setae........................... 96</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF7937F76746524C" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF7937F76746524C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">– Apical lobe of male abdomen either absent or much wider than long; aedeagal orifice of most species lacking sclerotized covering; hind leg with basitarsus usually (but not always) shorter than tarsomeres 2–5 combined; tibial spurs often (but not always) only slightly longer than nearby setae, often more or less hidden among nearby setae, sometimes absent................................................ 103</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF0536A9674652AE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF0536A96746528C" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,898,925]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF0536A96746528C" box="[189,1398,898,925]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +96. Front coxal cavities closed behind ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FD3336A960DF528C" box="[651,751,898,925]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 150</figureCitation> +).................................................................................. 97 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF79368F674652AE" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,932,959]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF79368F674652AE" box="[193,1398,932,959]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +– Front coxal cavities open behind ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FDC1368F60ED52AE" box="[633,733,932,959]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 151</figureCitation> +) .................................................................................... 98 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF0536CF674755DB" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF0536CF67465596" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF0536CF67465596" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +97. New +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FE9336CF63E252EE" box="[299,466,997,1023]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">World species</taxonomicName> +usually testaceous, orange, or yellow (brown to black in a few species); dark elytral markings usually faint, irregular, or absent; many species with dark markings on pronotum; body usually elongate oval; dorsum usually less convex than in +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FC593103666F5552" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[993,1119,1065,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FC593103666F5552" box="[993,1119,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Monolepta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FAB4310367415552" box="[1292,1393,1065,1091]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 139</figureCitation> +; reported distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FD9B316160F05574" box="[547,704,1099,1125]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry> +through +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FC923161616F5574" box="[810,863,1099,1125]" name="Peru" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Peru</collectingCountry> +........................................................................ ........................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FCBB3146667A5596" ID-CoL="5R25" authority="Fairmaire, 1882" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[771,1098,1132,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FCBB314661B75596" bold="true" box="[771,903,1132,1159]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Metrioidea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087138027FC373146667A5596" author="Fairmaire M. L." box="[911,1098,1132,1159]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="461 - 492" refId="ref37237" refString="Fairmaire M. L. 1882. Essai sur les coleopteres des iles Viti (Fidgi). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 1882: 461 - 492." type="journal article" year="1882">Fairmaire, 1882</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 100] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF7931A5674755DB" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF7931A5674755DB" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +– Color various, but usually not as described above; dorsum usually more convex than in +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FB5431A4675E55B9" ID-CoL="5R25" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[1260,1390,1166,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FB5431A4675E55B9" box="[1260,1390,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Metrioidea</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FE3C319A63D955DA" box="[388,489,1200,1227]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 142</figureCitation> +; reported distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FC96319A61B855DB" box="[814,904,1200,1226]" name="Mexico" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FC15319B663A55DA" box="[941,1034,1201,1227]" name="Panama" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Panama</collectingCountry> +.... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FB88319A674755DB" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[1072,1399,1200,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FB88319A668255DA" bold="true" box="[1072,1202,1200,1227]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Monolepta</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087138027FB01319A674755DB" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[1209,1399,1200,1226]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF0531DB6746543C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF0531DB6746541A" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,1265,1291]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF0531DB6746541A" box="[189,1398,1265,1291]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">98. Hind leg with basal tarsomere shorter than or equal to all following tarsomeres combined........... 99</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF7930396746543C" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1298,1325]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF7930396746543C" box="[193,1398,1298,1325]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">– Hind leg with basal tarsomere longer than all following tarsomeres combined............................ 100</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF053079674754C2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF0530796747549E" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF0530796747549E" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +99. Dorsum somewhat flattened; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FD6530796172547C" box="[733,834,1363,1389]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 140</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America .......................... ..................................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FBF5305E6747549E" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[1101,1399,1396,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Halinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FBF5305E668F549E" bold="true" box="[1101,1215,1396,1423]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Halinella</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1956 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF7930BD674754C2" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF7930BD674754C2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +– Dorsum more convex; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FD2A30BD60C754A0" box="[658,759,1431,1457]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 138</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FC0830BD667D54A0" box="[944,1101,1431,1457]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FB3E30BD66D054A0" box="[1158,1248,1431,1457]" name="Mexico" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mexico</collectingCountry> +................... ...................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FD403092667A54C3" ID-CoL="4H3Q" authority="Schaeffer, 1906" authorityName="Schaeffer" authorityYear="1906" box="[760,1098,1464,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eusattodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FD40309261BB54C2" bold="true" box="[760,907,1464,1491]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Eusattodera</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087138027FC2A3092667A54C3" author="Schaeffer C." box="[914,1098,1464,1490]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="221 - 253" refId="ref40776" refString="Schaeffer C. 1906. On new and known genera and species of the family Chrysomelidae. Brooklyn Institute Museum Science Bulletin 1 (9): 221 - 253." type="journal article" year="1906">Schaeffer, 1906</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 101] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF0530D36746578A" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF0530D367465768" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF0530D367465768" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +100. New +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FE8130D363EF5702" box="[313,479,1529,1555]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">World species</taxonomicName> +usually testaceous, orange, or yellow (brown to black in a few species); dark elytral markings usually faint, irregular, or absent; many species with dark markings on pronotum; body usually elongate oval, dorsally convex; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FC7E3316661E5746" box="[966,1070,1596,1623]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 139</figureCitation> +; reported distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FF41337463A75768" box="[249,407,1630,1657]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry> +through +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FDB9337560075768" box="[513,567,1631,1657]" name="Peru" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Peru</collectingCountry> +............................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FCAA337466695768" ID-CoL="5R25" authority="Fairmaire, 1882" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[786,1113,1630,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FCAA337461A65768" bold="true" box="[786,918,1630,1657]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Metrioidea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087138027FC25337466695768" author="Fairmaire M. L." box="[925,1113,1630,1657]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="461 - 492" refId="ref37237" refString="Fairmaire M. L. 1882. Essai sur les coleopteres des iles Viti (Fidgi). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 1882: 461 - 492." type="journal article" year="1882">Fairmaire, 1882</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 97] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF7933AB6746578A" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1664,1691]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF7933AB6746578A" box="[193,1398,1664,1691]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +– Color often otherwise; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FD6033AA6145578A" box="[728,885,1664,1691]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America .......... 101 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF0533EB67465672" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF0533EB6746560E" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF0533EB6746560E" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +101. Body of most species rather elongate; elytra entirely black, sometimes with blue luster; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FEA033C8634D57EC" box="[280,381,1762,1789]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 138</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FD8E33C860E357EC" box="[566,723,1762,1789]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FCB433C8615657ED" box="[780,870,1762,1788]" name="Mexico" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mexico</collectingCountry> +....................................................................... ...................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FCBF322E6669560F" ID-CoL="4H3Q" authority="Schaeffer, 1906" authorityName="Schaeffer" authorityYear="1906" box="[775,1113,1796,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eusattodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FCBF322E61AA560E" bold="true" box="[775,922,1796,1823]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Eusattodera</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087138027FC19322E6669560F" author="Schaeffer C." box="[929,1113,1796,1822]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="221 - 253" refId="ref40776" refString="Schaeffer C. 1906. On new and known genera and species of the family Chrysomelidae. Brooklyn Institute Museum Science Bulletin 1 (9): 221 - 253." type="journal article" year="1906">Schaeffer, 1906</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 99] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF79320D67465672" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF79320D67465672" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +– Body of most species less elongate, with dorsum more convex; elytral color of some species entirely black, but of many species otherwise; distribution south of +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FBA93262669E5672" box="[1041,1198,1864,1891]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry> +.................... 102 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487138027FF0532A3674756F8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF0532A3674756B2" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1399,1928,1955]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF0532A3674756B2" box="[189,1399,1928,1955]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +102. Reported distribution in South America; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FCCA32A261E356B2" box="[882,979,1928,1955]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 143</figureCitation> +............... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FBFD32A2674756B2" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[1093,1399,1928,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lilophaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FBFD32A2668F56B2" bold="true" box="[1093,1215,1928,1955]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lilophaea</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087138027FB7E32A2674756B2" author="Bechyne J." box="[1222,1399,1928,1955]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187138027FF793281674756F8" blockId="48.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487138027FF793281674756F8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49"> +– Reported distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187138027FD83328060E856D4" box="[571,728,1962,1989]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487138027FABB3280675556D4" box="[1283,1381,1962,1989]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 141</figureCitation> +. ........................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287138027FBA932E4674756F8" authority="Motschulsky, 1858" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1858" box="[1041,1399,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387138027FBA932E466A056F8" bold="true" box="[1041,1168,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Luperodes</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087138027FB2F32E4674756F8" author="Motschulsky V. de" box="[1175,1399,1998,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="20 - 122" refId="ref39604" refString="Motschulsky V. de. 1858. Insectes des Indes orientales 1 iere serie. Etudes entomologiques 7: 20 - 122." type="journal article" year="1858">Motschulsky, 1858</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487128026FF05342367465057" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF05342367465032" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,265,291]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF05342367465032" box="[189,1398,265,291]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +103. Pronotum lacking lateral carina ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FDC23423612E5032" box="[634,798,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 189–194" captionStartId="95.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,276,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-71@95.[232,1356,265,1804]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figs 189–194. Anterior portions of bodies. 189. Pyesexora sp., dorsal view. 190. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), dorsal view. 191. Anisobrotica sp., dorsal view. 192. Megarhabda sp., dorsal view. 193. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina. 194. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1308), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222579/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 193–194</figureCitation> +) ......................................................................... 104 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF79340667465057" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,299,326]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF79340667465057" box="[193,1398,299,326]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">– Lateral margin of pronotum carinate ........................................................................................... 105</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487128026FF0534476747536B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF053447674750FF" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF053447674750FF" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +104. Elytra black with suture and lateral margins pale, without transverse band near mid-length; antennae of male and female filiform, unmodified; head of male with small, median, round hole distal to antennal insertions ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FD253498613950DD" box="[669,777,434,460]" captionStart="Figs 164–169" captionStartId="90.[189,241,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,272,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-65@90.[203,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="Figs 164–169. Heads. 164. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1308), ♂, anterior view. 165. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791), ♂, anterior view. 166. C. arcuata, ♀, anterior view. 167. Eucerotoma sp., ♂, anterior view. 168. Eucerotoma sp., ♂, lateral view. 169. Eucerotoma sp., ♀, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222565/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 164</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FC733498660550DD" box="[971,1077,434,460]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 102</figureCitation> +; distribution in Texas and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187128026FF4134FE636350FF" box="[249,339,468,494]" name="Mexico" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mexico</collectingCountry> +.................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FB8334FE674750FF" ID-CoL="3Y5D" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[1083,1399,468,495]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyclotrypema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FB8334FE66D150FE" bold="true" box="[1083,1249,468,495]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cyclotrypema</emphasis> +Blake, 1966 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF7934D26747536B" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF7934D26747536B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +– Elytral color pattern including transverse, pale band near mid-length; male with second and third antennomeres strongly modified ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FD33373060C35325" box="[651,755,538,564]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 212</figureCitation> +); head lacking small hole distal to antennal insertions ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FEBA371663995347" box="[258,425,572,598]" captionStart="Figs158–163" captionStartId="89.[189,241,1925,1951]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-56@89.[203,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figs158–163.Heads,anteriorviews.158.Gynandrobroticaventricosa(Jacoby,1878),♂.159.G.ventricosa, ♀. 160. Gynandrobrotica nigrofasciata (Jacoby, 1878), ♂. 161. Elyces?quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 162. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), ♂. 163. M. geometrica, ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222561/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 162–163</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FDEF3716609E5346" box="[599,686,572,599]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 94</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America............................................... +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FEBE374A662E5368" box="[262,1054,608,633]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">............................................................................................................</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FB9937756747536B" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[1057,1399,607,634]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FB993775668F536B" bold="true" box="[1057,1215,607,634]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Metrobrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087128026FB7E37756747536B" author="Bechyne J." box="[1222,1399,607,634]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487128026FF05378A674753CC" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF05378A674653AB" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,672,699]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF05378A674653AB" box="[189,1398,672,699]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">105. Front coxal cavities closed behind............................................................................................... 106</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF7937E9674753CC" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1399,707,733]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF7937E9674753CC" box="[193,1399,707,733]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">– Front coxal cavities open behind..................................................................................................110</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487128026FF05362E67465272" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF05362E6746520F" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,772,798]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF05362E6746520F" box="[189,1398,772,798]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">106. Antennae filiform, with third antennomere equal to or shorter than fourth................................. 107</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF79360D67465272" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF79360D67465272" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">– Third antennomere longer than fourth; antennae either entirely filiform or with some antennomeres greatly modified ........................................................................................................................... 108</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487128026FF0536A067475540" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF0536A0674752F8" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF0536A0674752F8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +107. Elytral punctures confused; middle tibia of male with preapical, ventral notch; pronotum with pore, as illustrated in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FE0B3687602852D6" box="[435,536,941,967]" captionStart="Figs 176–179. 176" captionStartId="92.[189,241,1770,1796]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,273,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-85@92.[194,1393,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="Figs 176–179. 176. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibia and bristly setae on face. 177. P. variegata, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibiae. 178. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010, pronotal depression. 179. C. amazonensis, pore in pronotal depression. [Figures 178 and 179 are from Moura (2010), and they are reproduced with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222571/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 179</figureCitation> +; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FD063687611252D6" box="[702,802,941,967]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 114</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187128026FC633687661352D6" box="[987,1059,941,967]" name="Brazil" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Brazil</collectingCountry> +............................................. .............................................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FB9036E5674752F8" authority="Moura, 2010" authorityName="Moura" authorityYear="2010" box="[1064,1399,975,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Coronabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FB9036E566E852FB" bold="true" box="[1064,1240,975,1002]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Coronabrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087128026FB6736FA674752F8" author="Moura L. de" box="[1247,1399,975,1002]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="26 - 32" refId="ref39727" refString="Moura L. de. A. 2010. Coronabrotica, a new genus and species of Luperini, and a key to genera of Section Phyllecthrites (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2675: 26 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2675.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">Moura, 2010</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF7936D967475540" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF7936D967475540" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +– Elytral punctures arranged in irregular rows; middle tibia of male lacking preapical notch; pronotum without such pore; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FC35313F61DD553E" box="[909,1005,1045,1071]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 98</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187128026FB7B313F670C553E" box="[1219,1340,1045,1071]" name="Venezuela" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187128026FF41311D63715540" box="[249,321,1079,1105]" name="Brazil" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Brazil</collectingCountry> +...................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FB88311D67475540" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[1072,1399,1079,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Potamobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FB88311D66D25543" bold="true" box="[1072,1250,1079,1106]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Potamobrotica</emphasis> +Blake, 1966 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487128026FF05315267465451" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF053152674655EB" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF053152674655EB" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +108. Third and fourth antennomeres greatly enlarged and modified ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FBF7315266F55583" box="[1103,1221,1144,1170]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 210</figureCitation> +); area below antennal insertions deeply excavated ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FCB331B161F755A7" box="[779,967,1179,1206]" captionStart="Figs 164–169" captionStartId="90.[189,241,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,272,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-65@90.[203,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="Figs 164–169. Heads. 164. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1308), ♂, anterior view. 165. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791), ♂, anterior view. 166. C. arcuata, ♀, anterior view. 167. Eucerotoma sp., ♂, anterior view. 168. Eucerotoma sp., ♂, lateral view. 169. Eucerotoma sp., ♀, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222565/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 165–166</figureCitation> +); gender male; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FF413194636B55C9" box="[249,347,1214,1240]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 97</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187128026FDED3194609D55C9" box="[597,685,1214,1240]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies.............................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FCB731CA667A55EB" ID-CoL="62JXR" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[783,1098,1248,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cerotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FCB731CA61B655EB" bold="true" box="[783,902,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerotoma</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087128026FC3531CA667A55EB" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[909,1098,1248,1274]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 109] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF79302967465451" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF79302967465451" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">– Third and fourth antennomeres unmodified; area below antennal insertions sometimes depressed, but not deeply excavated; gender either male or female ............................................................. 109</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487128026FF05304D6746571A" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF05304D674754B5" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF05304D674754B5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +109. Female with area just anterior to antennal insertions shallowly, transversely depressed; body more elongate oval than in +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FE4E30A0605A54B5" ID-CoL="62JXR" box="[502,618,1418,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cerotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FE4E30A0605A54B5" box="[502,618,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerotoma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187128026FC9E30A3615E54B2" box="[806,878,1417,1443]" name="Brazil" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Brazil</collectingCountry> +...... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FC1A30A3674754B5" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1965" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1965" box="[930,1399,1417,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Interbrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FC1A30A3660354B5" bold="true" box="[930,1075,1417,1444]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Interbrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087128026FB8230A3674754B5" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[1082,1399,1417,1444]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref34550" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1965. Notes sur les Chrysomeloidea captures par le Dr. W. A. Egler au Rio Jari (Bresil: Para / Amapa) en 1961 (Col. Phytophaga). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Novo Serie, Zoologia 53: 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1965">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1965</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF7930866746571A" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF7930866746571A" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +– Female without transverse impression just anterior to antennal insertions; body less elongate; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FE2A30E463D854F8" box="[402,488,1486,1513]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 97</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187128026FD7A30E4612A54F9" box="[706,794,1486,1512]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in West Indies.............................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FCB730DB667A571A" ID-CoL="62JXR" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[783,1098,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cerotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FCB730DB61B6571A" bold="true" box="[783,902,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerotoma</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087128026FC3530DB667A571A" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[909,1098,1521,1547]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 108] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487128026FF0533186746560D" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF05331867475783" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF05331867475783" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">110. Mesepisternum densely pubescent; anterior margin of prothorax without bead and without fringe of short setae; male without rectangular lobe at abdominal apex; males of some genera with preapical notch on flexor side of middle tibia; aedeagus without basal spurs .............................................111</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF7933B16746560D" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF7933B16746560D" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">– Mesepisternum asetose or sparsely pubescent; if mesepisternum sparsely pubescent, then anterior pronotal margin usually with bead or fringe of short setae; abdominal apex with or without rectangular lobe; middle tibia without preapical notch, except in some species with numerous erect elytral setae; aedeagus with or without basal spurs ..................................................................... 131</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487128026FF053269674756F9" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF053269674756B2" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF053269674756B2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +111. Hind femur greatly swollen, as in many genera of tribe +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FCC0326961E5564C" ID-CoL="KKH" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1835" box="[888,981,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Alticini">Alticini</taxonomicName> +; middle tibia of male with preapical notch on flexor side ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FE55324C60655691" box="[493,597,1894,1920]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 202</figureCitation> +); color yellow, with head and two spots on each elytron dark; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487128026FE8F32A263AC56B2" box="[311,412,1928,1955]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 108</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187128026FDED32A260A356B3" box="[597,659,1928,1954]" name="Cuba" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cuba</collectingCountry> +......................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287128026FB8532A2674756B2" authority="Blake, 1958" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1958" box="[1085,1399,1928,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Leptonesiotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387128026FB8532A266D256B3" bold="true" box="[1085,1250,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leptonesiotes</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087128026FB5132A2674756B2" author="Blake D. H." box="[1257,1399,1928,1955]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="59 - 101" refId="ref35186" refString="Blake D. H. 1958. A review of some galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108 (3395): 59 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3395.59" type="journal article" year="1958">Blake, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187128026FF793286674756F9" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487128026FF793286674756F9" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">– Hind femur not abnormally swollen; male middle tibia with or without preapical notch; color usually otherwise ..........................................................................................................................112</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487118025FF053423674753AA" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF05342367475313" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF05342367475313" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +112. Posterior margin of pronotum with complete, uninterrupted bead; male with eighth or ninth antennomere distinctly enlarged ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FDC3340460D15059" box="[635,737,302,328]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 214</figureCitation> +); other male antennomeres also enlarged in some species; female of most species also with some antennomeres enlarged, but not as much as in males; middle tibia of male without preapical notch; elytra entirely dark; pronotum usually pale; if pronotum dark, then both front and middle legs of male with basal tarsomeres greatly enlarged; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FF4134E8636E50CD" box="[249,350,450,476]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 126</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187118025FDAF34E8604150CD" box="[535,625,450,476]" name="Mexico" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Mexico</collectingCountry> +and Central America ..................................................................... ......................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287118025FCA134C2667A5313" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[793,1098,488,514]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacoryna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387118025FCA134C2619A5313" bold="true" box="[793,938,488,514]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Metacoryna</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087118025FC0934C2667A5313" author="Jacoby M." box="[945,1098,488,514]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 131] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF793727674753AA" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF793727674753AA" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">– Posterior margin of pronotum often with poorly formed bead in lateral portion, but usually without well-formed, uninterrupted bead; male antennae of some species modified, with some antennomeres enlarged, but usually not as above; female antennae of all species filiform, without enlarged antennomeres; middle tibia of male with or without preapical notch; color often different than described above.....................................................................................................................113</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487118025FF0537CF6747527F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF0537CF67475235" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF0537CF67475235" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +113. Pronotal disc convex, not at all impressed; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FC3537CE61C153EE" box="[909,1009,740,767]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 104</figureCitation> +; distribution in West Indies........ ................................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287118025FBE8362067475235" authority="Blake, 1940" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[1104,1399,778,804]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ectmesopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387118025FBE8362066D15235" bold="true" box="[1104,1249,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ectmesopus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087118025FB51362067475235" author="Blake D. H." box="[1257,1399,778,804]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="95 - 104" refId="ref35077" refString="Blake D. H. 1940. A new genus of Galerucinae (Coleoptera) from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 42 (5): 95 - 104." type="journal article" year="1940">Blake, 1940</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF7936056747527F" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF7936056747527F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">– Pronotal disc distinctly impressed in most species; distribution in continental areas, not including West Indies....................................................................................................................................114</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487118025FF0536BD6747557D" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF0536BD67475531" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF0536BD67475531" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +114. Eye very small, with diameter less than distance from eye margin to mandibular base; third male antennomere much widened and irregularly incised at middle; male with head deeply excavated beyond antennal insertions; elytra vittate; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FC3A36CB61E952ED" box="[898,985,993,1020]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 95</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187118025FB2A36CB66DC52EA" box="[1170,1260,993,1019]" name="Mexico" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Mexico</collectingCountry> +.................. ................................................................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287118025FB83312C67475531" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[1083,1399,1030,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Rachicephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387118025FB83312C66D15530" bold="true" box="[1083,1249,1030,1057]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rachicephala</emphasis> +Blake, 1966 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF7931066747557D" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF7931066747557D" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">– Eye usually larger; if third male antennomere enlarged, then not incised, or incised only apically; male head excavated or not; elytra vittate or not..........................................................................115</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487118025FF0531BE674655C2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF0531BE674755BF" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[189,1399,1172,1199]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF0531BE674755BF" box="[189,1399,1172,1199]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">115. Elytral disc with numerous, longitudinal costae...........................................................................116</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF793190674655C2" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1209,1236]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF793190674655C2" box="[193,1398,1209,1236]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">– Elytra not distinctly costate, except sometimes behind humeri................................................... 120</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487118025FF0531D767475470" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF0531D76747542D" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF0531D76747542D" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">116. Elytral costae moderately to strongly developed; male head of some species deeply excavated beyond antennal insertions ...........................................................................................................117</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF79306D67475470" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1399,1351,1377]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF79306D67475470" box="[193,1399,1351,1377]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">– Elytral costae weakly developed; head not excavated..................................................................119</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487118025FF0530A0674754FE" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF0530A0674754D8" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF0530A0674754D8" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +117. Frons similar in both sexes, slightly depressed, with mesal carina indistinct; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FAA330A0674154B5" box="[1307,1393,1418,1444]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 93</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America....................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287118025FBDD3085674754D8" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[1125,1399,1455,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hystiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387118025FBDD308566D154D8" bold="true" box="[1125,1249,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hystiopsis</emphasis> +Blake, 1966 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF7930FF674754FE" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1399,1492,1519]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF7930FF674754FE" box="[193,1399,1492,1519]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +– Frons deeply excavated in male, unmodified in female ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FC3E30FE661A54FF" box="[902,1066,1492,1518]" captionStart-0="Figs 164–169" captionStart-1="Figs 170–175" captionStartId-0="90.[189,241,1926,1952]" captionStartId-1="91.[189,241,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox-0="[203,1384,272,1875]" captionTargetBox-1="[221,1371,268,1842]" captionTargetId-0="figure-65@90.[203,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetId-1="figure-56@91.[216,1371,266,1847]" captionTargetPageId-0="90" captionTargetPageId-1="91" captionText-0="Figs 164–169. Heads. 164. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1308), ♂, anterior view. 165. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791), ♂, anterior view. 166. C. arcuata, ♀, anterior view. 167. Eucerotoma sp., ♂, anterior view. 168. Eucerotoma sp., ♂, lateral view. 169. Eucerotoma sp., ♀, anterior view." captionText-1="Figs 170–175. Heads, anterior views. 170. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966, ♂. 171. E. costaricensis, ♀. 172. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888, ♂. 173. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 174. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov. 175. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222565" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222567" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7222565/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7222567/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 167–171</figureCitation> +)......................................118 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487118025FF053332674757FA" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF0533326747576D" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF0533326747576D" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +118. Elytral costae strong; transverse pronotal impression very deep; third antennomere of female equal to or shorter than fourth, never longer; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FBB9331766505746" box="[1025,1120,1597,1623]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 99</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America............................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287118025FBB233486747576D" authority="Laboissiere, 1939" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1939" box="[1034,1399,1634,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eucerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387118025FBB2334866AE576D" bold="true" box="[1034,1182,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Eucerotoma</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087118025FB1E33486747576D" author="Laboissiere V." box="[1190,1399,1634,1660]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref39227" refString="Laboissiere V. 1939. Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du navire-ecole belge Mercator. XIII, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae (Coleoptera). Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (ser. 2) 15: 153 - 158." type="journal article" year="1939">Laboissière, 1939</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF7933A2674757FA" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF7933A2674757FA" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +– Elytral costae moderate; pronotal impression more shallow (as in +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287118025FBBB33AD66B557B0" ID-CoL="63DRG" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[1027,1157,1671,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neobrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387118025FBBB33AD66B557B0" box="[1027,1157,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Neobrotica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); third antennomere of female equal to or longer than fourth, never shorter ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FCCC338661E757D7" box="[884,983,1708,1734]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 211</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FB39338666D457D7" box="[1153,1252,1708,1734]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 101</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187118025FE8233FB63A457FA" box="[314,404,1745,1771]" name="Mexico" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America........................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287118025FBEA33FB674757FA" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[1106,1399,1745,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eccoptopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387118025FBEA33FB66D157FA" bold="true" box="[1106,1249,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Eccoptopsis</emphasis> +Blake, 1966 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487118025FF05323F674656F9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF05323F67465668" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF05323F67465668" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +119. Third antennomere less than twice as long as second; middle tibia of male with deep, preapical notch; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FDDF321060FD5645" box="[615,717,1850,1876]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 111</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187118025FC0A321066635645" box="[946,1107,1850,1876]" name="United States of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287118025FCAA3275667A5668" ID-CoL="5HBN" authority="Jacoby, 1891" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1891" box="[786,1098,1887,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387118025FCAA3275619A5668" bold="true" box="[786,938,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Luperosoma</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087118025FC093275667A5668" author="Jacoby M." box="[945,1098,1887,1913]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="82 - 88" refId="ref38782" refString="Jacoby M. 1891. [Families Eumolpidae, Chrysomelidae, Halticidae and Galerucidae]. In: Whymper E. (ed.) Supplementary Appendix to Travels Amongst the Great Andes of the Equator: 82 - 88. J. Murray, London." type="book chapter" year="1891">Jacoby, 1891</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 130] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187118025FF7932AF674656F9" blockId="50.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487118025FF7932AF674656F9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51"> +– Third antennomere more than twice as long as second; middle tibia of male without preapical notch; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487118025FDD4328360F756D2" box="[620,711,1961,1987]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 96</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187118025FC163283667F56D2" box="[942,1103,1961,1987]" name="United States of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America............................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287118025FC9C32E4667A56F9" ID-CoL="63DRG" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[804,1098,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neobrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387118025FC9C32E4619A56F8" bold="true" box="[804,938,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Neobrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087118025FC0932E4667A56F9" author="Jacoby M." box="[945,1098,1998,2024]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 122] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487108024FF053423674650CC" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF05342367465059" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF05342367465059" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">120. Male tibia without preapical notch; antennae eleven-segmented, with third antennomere nearly as long as fourth............................................................................................................................... 121</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF79347E674650CC" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF79347E674650CC" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">– Male tibia with preapical notch; most species with third antennomere much shorter than fourth (if antenna with fewer than eleven antennomeres, then second or third antennomere entirely missing); if third and fourth antennomeres similar in length, then elytra with exceptionally coarse punctation .................................................................................................................................... 123</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487108024FF05372C674653CB" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF05372C674653A5" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF05372C674653A5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +121. Each elytron pale brown, with 5–6 elongate maculae, one extending posteriorly from humerus to beyond middle of elytron (sometimes divided to +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287108024FC9F370161A25357" box="[807,914,555,582]" form="two" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="form">form two</taxonomicName> +smaller maculae), two near suture in basal half (one behind the other), two near distal declivity(one near suture, the other slightly more posterior, near apicolateral angle); gender female (males with bifid claws); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FB31375F66D3539E" box="[1161,1251,629,655]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 92</figureCitation> +; distribution in northern South America......... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287108024FDCD37B0666953A5" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1968" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne" authorityYear="1968" box="[629,1113,666,693]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hyperbrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387108024FDCD37B0612553A4" bold="true" box="[629,789,666,693]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Hyperbrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087108024FCA437B0666953A5" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[796,1113,666,692]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="24 - 50" refId="ref34612" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1968. Notas sobre el genero Acalymma Barber (Col.: Phytophaga, Galerucidae). Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela 4 (4): 24 - 50." type="journal article" year="1968">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 76] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF7937EA674653CB" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,703,730]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF7937EA674653CB" box="[193,1398,703,730]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">– Elytral color pattern not as above; gender either male or female ................................................ 122</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487108024FF053629674652C7" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF05362967465276" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF05362967465276" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +122. Male with mesal spine or spine-like tuft of setae on clypeus ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FB8C36296694520C" box="[1076,1188,771,797]" captionStart="Figs 176–179. 176" captionStartId="92.[189,241,1770,1796]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,273,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-85@92.[194,1393,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="Figs 176–179. 176. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibia and bristly setae on face. 177. P. variegata, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibiae. 178. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010, pronotal depression. 179. C. amazonensis, pore in pronotal depression. [Figures 178 and 179 are from Moura (2010), and they are reproduced with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222571/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 176</figureCitation> +); male protibiae greatly enlarged ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FE59360260A65253" box="[481,662,808,834]" captionStart="Figs 176–179. 176" captionStartId="92.[189,241,1770,1796]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,273,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-85@92.[194,1393,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="Figs 176–179. 176. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibia and bristly setae on face. 177. P. variegata, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibiae. 178. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010, pronotal depression. 179. C. amazonensis, pore in pronotal depression. [Figures 178 and 179 are from Moura (2010), and they are reproduced with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222571/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs 176–177</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FCC3360261DD5253" box="[891,1005,808,834]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 106</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FB493602677B5253" box="[1265,1355,808,834]" name="Mexico" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FF41366463665279" box="[249,342,846,872]" name="Panama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry> +........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287108024FCB53666667A5276" ID-CoL="8PQTW" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[781,1098,844,871]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" genus="Platymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387108024FCB5366661995276" bold="true" box="[781,937,844,871]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Platymorpha</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087108024FC093667667A5276" author="Jacoby M." box="[945,1098,845,871]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 127] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF793659674652C7" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF793659674652C7" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +– Male without such clypeal spine, without enlarged front tibiae; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FB32365866D2529D" box="[1162,1250,882,908]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 96</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FE8336BD63E852A0" box="[315,472,919,945]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America ........................................................................ ........................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287108024FC9D3696667B52C7" ID-CoL="63DRG" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[805,1099,956,983]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neobrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387108024FC9D3696619B52C6" bold="true" box="[805,939,956,983]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Neobrotica</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087108024FC0A3696667B52C7" author="Jacoby M." box="[946,1099,956,982]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 119] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487108024FF05312A674655C5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF05312A67465575" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF05312A67465575" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +123. Male antenna with fewer than eleven antennomeres (female with eleven); if distribution south of +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FF43310F63AE552E" box="[251,414,1061,1087]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">United States</collectingCountry> +, then frons unusually flat or broadly concave, without mesal carina; regardless of distribution, metasternum yellow ................................................................................................ 124 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF79315A674655C5" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF79315A674655C5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +– Antenna of both male and female with eleven antennomeres; frons of most species not flat or concave, usually bulging or with mesal elevation; if distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FBBB31BE669055BF" box="[1027,1184,1172,1198]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">United States</collectingCountry> +then metasternum dark brown or black ..................................................................................................................... 125 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487108024FF0531D7674754BA" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF0531D767475470" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF0531D767475470" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +124. Male antennae with some antennomeres towards base distinctly distorted ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FB1F31D767275406" box="[1191,1303,1277,1303]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 216</figureCitation> +); frons, especially of male, rather flat or broadly concave, without distinct mesal elevation ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FB4530086759542D" box="[1277,1385,1314,1340]" captionStart="Figs 170–175" captionStartId="91.[189,241,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[221,1371,268,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-56@91.[216,1371,266,1847]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figs 170–175. Heads, anterior views. 170. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966, ♂. 171. E. costaricensis, ♀. 172. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888, ♂. 173. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 174. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov. 175. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222567/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 172</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FE2B306D63C85473" box="[403,504,1351,1378]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 105</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FD6C306D611E5470" box="[724,814,1351,1377]" name="Mexico" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to South America ............... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287108024FBC1306D67475470" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[1145,1399,1351,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Oroetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387108024FBC1306D66E65470" bold="true" box="[1145,1238,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Oroetes</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087108024FB66306D67475470" author="Jacoby M." box="[1246,1399,1351,1377]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF793047674754BA" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF793047674754BA" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +– Male antennae not modified; frons mesally elevated; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FBBD3046665A5497" box="[1029,1130,1388,1414]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 100</figureCitation> +; distribution in eastern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FF4130BB63A754BA" box="[249,407,1425,1451]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">United States</collectingCountry> +............................................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287108024FBFA30BB674754BA" ID-CoL="6PJG" authority="Dejean, 1836" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1836" box="[1090,1399,1425,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllecthris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387108024FBFA30BB66E354BD" bold="true" box="[1090,1235,1425,1452]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Phyllecthris</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087108024FB6230BB674754BA" author="Dejean P. F. M. A." box="[1242,1399,1425,1451]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="361 - 443" refId="ref36483" refString="Dejean P. F. M. A. 1836. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Deuxieme edition. Livraison 5: 361 - 443. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173109" type="journal article" year="1836">Dejean, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487108024FF0530FE6746574F" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF0530FE67475728" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF0530FE67475728" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +125. Frons convex, bulging, without mesal ridge; male with mesal pore on frons, slightly beyond level of antennae ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FE5E30D360635705" box="[486,595,1529,1556]" captionStart="Figs 170–175" captionStartId="91.[189,241,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[221,1371,268,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-56@91.[216,1371,266,1847]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figs 170–175. Heads, anterior views. 170. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966, ♂. 171. E. costaricensis, ♀. 172. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888, ♂. 173. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 174. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov. 175. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222567/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 173</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FCA530D361B95705" box="[797,905,1529,1556]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 103</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FBC030D066E55705" box="[1144,1237,1530,1556]" name="Panama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FAB030D0670E5705" box="[1288,1342,1530,1556]" name="Peru" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Peru</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FF41333563715728" box="[249,321,1567,1593]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry> +.......................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287108024FBF3333467475728" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[1099,1399,1566,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Porechontes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387108024FBF3333466D15728" bold="true" box="[1099,1249,1566,1593]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Porechontes</emphasis> +Blake, 1966 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF79336E6746574F" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1604,1630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF79336E6746574F" box="[193,1398,1604,1630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">– Frons not bulging, without mesal pore, usually with mesal ridge............................................... 126</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487108024FF0533AD67465627" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF0533AD67475601" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF0533AD67475601" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +126. Male with fifth to seventh antennomeres slightly enlarged; head black; pronotum pale; each elytron pale with two dark markings on distal declivity, with one elongate dark marking on scutellum and postscutellar area, with one elongate dark marking in subscutellar area (sometimes united with humeral marking); distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187108024FD3133DC60E15601" box="[649,721,1782,1808]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry> +........................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287108024FBCE33DC67475601" ID-CoL="8K3ZZ" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[1142,1399,1782,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Simopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387108024FBCE33DC66D25601" bold="true" box="[1142,1250,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Simopsis</emphasis> +Blake, 1966 +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF79323667465627" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1820,1846]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF79323667465627" box="[193,1398,1820,1846]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">– Male antennomeres either enlarged or not; color pattern not as above ....................................... 127</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487108024FF053275674656F9" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF053275674756D5" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF053275674756D5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +127. Elytra uniformly dark, with metallic luster, coarsely punctate, with punctures separated from each other by distance less than diameter of puncture; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487108024FC4E32AE666E568F" box="[1014,1118,1924,1950]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 107</figureCitation> +; distribution in Central America........................................................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287108024FBE33283673556D5" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[1115,1285,1961,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachyelytron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387108024FBE33283673556D5" bold="true" box="[1115,1285,1961,1988]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Trachyelytron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F90887108024FAB43280674756D5" box="[1292,1399,1962,1988]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187108024FF7932E5674656F9" blockId="51.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487108024FF7932E5674656F9" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">– Elytra not as above....................................................................................................................... 128</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487178023FF053423674650A0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF0534236747507A" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF0534236747507A" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +128. Proximal tarsomere of hind leg very long, clearly longer than all more distal tarsomeres combined; elytra somewhat depressed beyond middle; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FC103406662C5057" box="[936,1052,300,326]" name="Colombia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Colombia</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FBEC340666AC5057" box="[1108,1180,300,326]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry> +........................... .................................................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287178023FBF0347A6747507A" authority="Bechyne, 1957" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1957" box="[1096,1399,336,363]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Romanita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387178023FBF0347A668F507B" bold="true" box="[1096,1215,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Romanita</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087178023FB7E347A6747507A" author="Bechyne J." box="[1222,1399,336,363]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="133 - 152" refId="ref34355" refString="Bechyne J. 1957. Voyage de M. le Dr. A. Roman au Bresil (1914 - 1915). Eumolpides, Galerucides et Alticides (Col. Phytophaga). Arkiv for Zoologi 11 (10): 133 - 152." type="journal article" year="1957">Bechyné, 1957</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF79345E674650A0" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF79345E674650A0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">– Proximal tarsomere of hind leg at most slightly longer than more distal tarsomeres combined; elytra usually not depressed beyond middle................................................................................ 129</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487178023FF0534F26746534D" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF0534F267465328" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF0534F267465328" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +129. Male with mesal spine or spine-like tuft of setae on clypeus ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FB9534F266AD50E3" box="[1069,1181,472,498]" captionStart="Figs 176–179. 176" captionStartId="92.[189,241,1770,1796]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,273,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-85@92.[194,1393,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="Figs 176–179. 176. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibia and bristly setae on face. 177. P. variegata, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibiae. 178. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010, pronotal depression. 179. C. amazonensis, pore in pronotal depression. [Figures 178 and 179 are from Moura (2010), and they are reproduced with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222571/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 177</figureCitation> +); male foretibiae greatly enlarged ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FE5934D160A65304" box="[481,662,507,533]" captionStart="Figs 176–179. 176" captionStartId="92.[189,241,1770,1796]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,273,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-85@92.[194,1393,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="Figs 176–179. 176. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibia and bristly setae on face. 177. P. variegata, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibiae. 178. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010, pronotal depression. 179. C. amazonensis, pore in pronotal depression. [Figures 178 and 179 are from Moura (2010), and they are reproduced with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222571/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs 176–177</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FCC334D161DD5304" box="[891,1005,507,533]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 106</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FB4934D1677B5304" box="[1265,1355,507,533]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FF41373563665328" box="[249,342,543,569]" name="Panama" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Panama</collectingCountry> +........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287178023FCB53734667A5328" ID-CoL="8PQTW" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[781,1098,542,569]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" genus="Platymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387178023FCB5373461995328" bold="true" box="[781,937,542,569]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Platymorpha</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087178023FC093735667A5328" author="Jacoby M." box="[945,1098,543,569]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 122] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF7937696746534D" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,578,605]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF7937696746534D" box="[193,1398,578,605]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">– Male without such clypeal spine, without enlarged front tibiae.................................................. 130</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487178023FF0537AE6746525E" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF0537AE674653F4" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF0537AE674653F4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +130. Distal half of male antenna with some antennomeres distinctly broadened; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FE68378D607753D0" box="[464,583,679,705]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 111</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FCE6378D663F53D0" box="[862,1039,679,705]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287178023FCAB37E1667B53F4" ID-CoL="5HBN" authority="Jacoby, 1891" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1891" box="[787,1099,715,741]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387178023FCAB37E1619B53F4" bold="true" box="[787,939,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Luperosoma</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087178023FC0A37E1667B53F4" author="Jacoby M." box="[946,1099,715,741]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="82 - 88" refId="ref38782" refString="Jacoby M. 1891. [Families Eumolpidae, Chrysomelidae, Halticidae and Galerucidae]. In: Whymper E. (ed.) Supplementary Appendix to Travels Amongst the Great Andes of the Equator: 82 - 88. J. Murray, London." type="book chapter" year="1891">Jacoby, 1891</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 119] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF7937C56746525E" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF7937C56746525E" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +– Distal half of male antenna with all antennomeres narrow; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FBF837C466935219" box="[1088,1187,750,776]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 110</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FF41363B6363523A" box="[249,339,785,811]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America........................................................................................... ................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287178023FD55361E667A5241" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[749,1098,820,848]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trichobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387178023FD55361E61A2525E" bold="true" box="[749,914,820,847]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Trichobrotica</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1956 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 133] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487178023FF05365D674655E3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF05365D6746550F" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF05365D6746550F" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +131. Male with some of fifth through tenth antennomeres greatly enlarged; second, third, fourth, and eleventh male antennomeres narrow ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FD1E36B0613B52A5" box="[678,779,922,948]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 214</figureCitation> +); female of most species also with some antennomeres enlarged, but not as much as in males; elytra entirely dark; pronotum usually pale; if pronotum dark, then both front and middle tarsi of male greatly enlarged; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FBC636CB66D352EA" box="[1150,1251,993,1019]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 126</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FEA0312E6342550F" box="[280,370,1028,1054]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry> +and Central America....................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287178023FCA2312E667B550F" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[794,1099,1028,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacoryna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387178023FCA2312E619B550F" bold="true" box="[794,939,1028,1054]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Metacoryna</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087178023FC0A312E667B550F" author="Jacoby M." box="[946,1099,1028,1054]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 112] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF793102674655E3" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF793102674655E3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">– Male usually with all antennomeres (except first) narrow, less often with some antennomeres slightly enlarged distally, leading to slightly serrate antennae, sometimes with distal half of antenna, including eleventh antennomere, slightly widened, rarely with some antennomeres greatly enlarged; if male with greatly enlarged antennomeres, then elytra not entirely dark; female antennae filiform or moniliform, without abnormally enlarged antennomeres; middle tarsus of male rarely greatly enlarged ....................................................................................................................................... 132</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487178023FF05303067465449" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF05303067465425" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,1306,1333]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF05303067465425" box="[189,1398,1306,1333]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">132. Elytral disc with numerous erect setae ........................................................................................ 133</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF79301467465449" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1341,1368]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF79301467465449" box="[193,1398,1341,1368]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">– Elytral disc asetose or nearly so................................................................................................... 134</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487178023FF05305567465780" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF05305567465712" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF05305567465712" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +133. Lateral margin of pronotum with numerous, evenly spaced setae (sometimes missing in improperly handled specimens and often hard to see at low magnification); gender female (males with bifid claws); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FCC930EC61E254F1" box="[881,978,1478,1504]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 89</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FB1630EC670954F1" box="[1198,1337,1478,1504]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FF4130C063665715" box="[249,342,1514,1540]" name="Panama" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Panama</collectingCountry> +........................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287178023FD3930C366695712" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[641,1113,1513,1540]" genus="Heterochele" pageId="52" pageNumber="24" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387178023FD3930C361245715" bold="true" box="[641,788,1513,1540]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Heterochele</emphasis> +Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 94] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF79332767465780" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF79332767465780" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +– Pronotum with setae near anterolateral and posterolateral corners, but without numerous, evenly spaced setae along entire lateral margin; gender either male or female; males with deep, preapical notch on middle tibia; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FD0933796127577C" box="[689,791,1619,1645]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 110</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FC4333796665577C" box="[1019,1109,1619,1645]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America...................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287178023FD55335C667A5783" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[749,1098,1654,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trichobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387178023FD55335C61A25780" bold="true" box="[749,914,1654,1681]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Trichobrotica</emphasis> +Bechyné, 1956 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 130] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487178023FF0533926746562C" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF05339267475608" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF05339267475608" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +134. Body broadly oval, with length less than twice width; head, thorax, abdomen, and legs entirely yellow or orange; elytra entirely black; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FC3F33F661DE57E6" box="[903,1006,1756,1783]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 115</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187178023FB6D33F6674657E7" box="[1237,1398,1756,1782]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">United States</collectingCountry> +through much of South America.............................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287178023FBF933D567475608" ID-CoL="648BD" authority="Horn, 1893" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1893" box="[1089,1399,1791,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachyscelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387178023FBF933D566D9560B" bold="true" box="[1089,1257,1791,1818]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Trachyscelida</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087178023FB49322A67475608" author="Horn G. H." box="[1265,1399,1791,1818]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="57 - 136" refId="ref38344" refString="Horn G. H. 1893. The Galerucini of boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 20: 57 - 136." type="journal article" year="1893">Horn, 1893</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF7932096746562C" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1826,1853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF7932096746562C" box="[193,1398,1826,1853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">– Body usually more elongate; color variable, but often different than described above .............. 135</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487178022FF05324E6746507A" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187178023FF05324E674756F8" blockId="52.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487178023FF05324E674756F8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53"> +135. Third antennomere twice as long as second; head and elytra entirely dark brown to black; elytra densely, rather coarsely punctate, with most punctures separated by distance subequal to diameter of puncture; body about +<quantity id="9826358487178023FD583281611E56D4" box="[736,814,1963,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity> +long; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487178023FBFB3281668156D4" box="[1091,1201,1963,1989]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 121</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387178023FF4132E5630D56F8" box="[249,317,1999,2025]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Texas</collectingRegion> +................................................................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287178023FBCE32E4673456F8" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[1142,1284,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Texiluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387178023FBCE32E4673456F8" bold="true" box="[1142,1284,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Texiluperus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F90887178023FAB432E5674756F8" box="[1292,1399,1999,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF7934236746507A" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF7934236746507A" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +– Not exactly fitting above description; third antennomere often less than twice as long as second; head and elytra often partially or entirely pale; elytral punctation fine to coarse; body length variable; distribution in +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387168022FDAC34786068507D" box="[532,600,338,364]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Texas</collectingRegion> +and elsewhere.............................................................................. 136 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487168022FF0534B9674653BB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF0534B96747532F" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF0534B96747532F" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +136. Abdomen of female very large, mostly not covered by elytra; eyes in dorsal view very small, separated from each other by distance more than four times width of each eye; pronotum at least as wide anteriorly as posteriorly; elytral punctation much coarser than pronotal punctation; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487168022FEAF372A635E530B" box="[279,366,512,538]" captionStart="Figs 46–54" captionStartId="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figs 46–54. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné & Bechyné, 1976." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 49</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FD9E372A60B0530B" box="[550,640,512,538]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FD01372A6108530B" box="[697,824,512,538]" name="Guatemala" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +(doubtfully recorded from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FBC1372A6681530B" box="[1145,1201,512,538]" name="Peru" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Peru</collectingCountry> +) ........................ ........................................................................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287168022FBCC37096747532F" authority="Baly, 1861" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1861" box="[1140,1399,547,574]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacycla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387168022FBCC370966C0532F" bold="true" box="[1140,1264,547,574]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Metacycla</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087168022FB40370E6747532F" author="Baly J. S." box="[1272,1399,548,574]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="275 - 302" refId="ref33918" refString="Baly J. S. 1861. Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga. Journal of Entomology 1: 193 - 206, 275 - 302." type="journal article" year="1861">Baly, 1861</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF793762674653BB" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF793762674653BB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">– Female abdomen covered by elytra, not abnormally enlarged; eyes usually larger; interocular distance usually less; pronotum of most (but not all) species narrower anteriorly than posteriorly; elytral punctation variable, coarse to almost absent.................................................................... 137</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487168022FF0537F967465248" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF0537F967465200" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF0537F967465200" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">137. Upon close inspection, entire anterior margin of pronotum with fringe of short, closely spaced setae; male abdomen with rectangular lobe at apex .................................................................... 138</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF79363167465248" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF79363167465248" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">– Anterior margin of pronotum not distinctly fringed with setae, although sometimes with a few setae in lateral portion; male abdomen either with or without rectangular lobe at apex ...................... 155</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487168022FF0536AB6746553D" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF0536AB674652F2" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF0536AB674652F2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +138. Basal bead of pronotum complete, although fine, extending without interruption between posterolateral angles (this character obscured by extremely coarse pronotal punctation in one yellow or reddish species of +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287168022FDF236E3613052F2" ID-CoL="7R8Z" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1910" box="[586,768,969,995]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Synetocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387168022FDF236E3613052F2" box="[586,768,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synetocephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387168022FCF036E361F152F2" box="[840,961,969,995]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">California</collectingRegion> +) ................................................... 139 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF7936C46746553D" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF7936C46746553D" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +– Basal bead of pronotum absent, or restricted to extreme lateral areas; pronotal punctation never coarse, except in metallic blue +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287168022FDDD313B60D4553A" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1998" box="[613,740,1041,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelidacne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387168022FDDD313B60D4553A" box="[613,740,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Scelidacne</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FC93313B61B5553A" box="[811,901,1041,1067]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry> +............................................................ 149 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487168022FF05317E6746547B" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF05317E674655CB" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF05317E674655CB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +139. Rectangular lobe at apex of male abdomen at least half as long as wide, not strongly impressed towards dorsum ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487168022FE7E3152601A5583" box="[454,554,1144,1170]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 198</figureCitation> +); basal antennomere subequal to maximum diameter of eye; apical spurs of tibiae large, conspicuous; elytra not metallic, varying from entirely pale to entirely dark, in many species pale with dark vittae ........................................................................................................ 140 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF7931CF6746547B" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF7931CF6746547B" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">– Rectangular lobe at apex of male abdomen either less than half as long as wide, or distinctly impressed towards dorsum; basal antennomere usually shorter than maximum diameter of eye; tibial spurs of most species relatively small, often somewhat hidden among nearby setae, sometimes entirely absent; elytral color variable, sometimes metallic ......................................................... 141</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487168022FF0530B967465773" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF0530B9674754E4" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF0530B9674754E4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +140. Aedeagus asymmetrical in dorsal view, with distal portion spatulate; each elytron pale with five long, dark stripes (one sutural, one lateral, three discal); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487168022FBED309D668D54C0" box="[1109,1213,1463,1489]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 136</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FF4130F163A754E4" box="[249,407,1499,1525]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FE6830F1601A54E4" box="[464,554,1499,1525]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry> +......................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287168022FC6A30F0674754E4" authority="Clark & Anderson, 2019" authorityName="Clark & Anderson" authorityYear="2019" box="[978,1399,1498,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Triariodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387168022FC6A30F0667E54E4" bold="true" box="[978,1102,1498,1525]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Triariodes</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087168022FBEE30F1674754E4" author="Clark S. M. & Anderson E. R." box="[1110,1399,1499,1525]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="343 - 357" refId="ref36258" refString="Clark S. M. & Anderson E. R. 2019. A review of Triarius Jacoby, 1887 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Luperini), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 343 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 73.2.343" type="journal article" year="2019">Clark & Anderson, 2019</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF79332A67465773" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF79332A67465773" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +– Aedeagus symmetrical in dorsal view, at most only slightly broadened towards apex; elytral color pattern not as described above; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487168022FCC8330961E9572C" box="[880,985,1571,1597]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 124</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FB2733096770572C" box="[1183,1344,1571,1597]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FF41336D63635770" box="[249,339,1607,1633]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry> +..................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287168022FCEE336D66695770" ID-CoL="7YX2" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[854,1113,1607,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Triarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387168022FCEE336D61885770" bold="true" box="[854,952,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Triarius</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087168022FC78336D66695770" author="Jacoby M." box="[960,1113,1607,1633]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 56] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487168022FF0533A0674656F9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF0533A067475649" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF0533A067475649" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +141. Distance between antennal fossae equal to at least twice diameter of fossa; mesal frontal ridge very poorly developed, nearly continuous with antennal calli, delimited behind by shallow, sometimes indistinct impression; elytra usually pale with darker stripes or entirely pale, rarely entirely dark with faint metallic luster, never with obvious metallic luster; aedeagal orifice often with sclerotized covering; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487168022FCEA3230618F5625" box="[850,959,1818,1844]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 116</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FB2D3230670B5625" box="[1173,1339,1818,1844]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187168022FF41321463635649" box="[249,339,1854,1880]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry> +.................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287168022FB83321767475649" ID-CoL="7R8Z" authority="Fall, 1910" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1910" box="[1083,1399,1853,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Synetocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387168022FB83321766C85649" bold="true" box="[1083,1272,1853,1880]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synetocephalus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087168022FB47321467475649" author="Fall H. C." box="[1279,1399,1854,1880]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="89 - 197" refId="ref37209" refString="Fall H. C. 1910. Miscellaneous notes and descriptions of North American Coleoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 36: 89 - 197." type="journal article" year="1910">Fall, 1910</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187168022FF793249674656F9" blockId="53.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487168022FF793249674656F9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">– Distance between antennal fossae equal to less than twice diameter of fossa; mesal frontal ridge narrower, usually separated from antennal calli by distinct sulci; supracallinal sulcus usually distinct, abruptly delimiting antennal calli behind; elytral color variable, often with distinct metallic luster; orifice of aedeagus lacking sclerotized covering .............................................................. 142</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487158021FF053423674650C4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF0534236746507B" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF0534236746507B" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +142. Elytra with conspicuous transverse impression at basal third; body, including appendages, strongly metallic; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FDB9340660555056" box="[513,613,300,327]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 129</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FCA7340761AF5057" box="[799,927,300,327]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +............................................................... ......................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FCA43465667A507B" authority="Clark, 1993" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1993" box="[796,1098,335,362]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Inbioluperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FCA434656188507B" bold="true" box="[796,952,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Inbioluperus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087158021FC07347A667A507B" author="Clark S. M." box="[959,1098,336,362]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="215 - 218" refId="ref36123" refString="Clark S. M. 1993. A new genus and two new species of Luperini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Costa Rica. Insecta Mundi 7: 215 - 218." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 177] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF79345E674650C4" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF79345E674650C4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +– Transverse impression of elytra absent or weakly developed; front tibiae or other body parts lacking metallic luster; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FDCD34BD60FF50A0" box="[629,719,407,433]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry> +and northward (except one pale, non-metallic species occurring from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FE0A3490603C50C5" box="[434,524,442,468]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FD89349160A050C4" box="[561,656,443,469]" name="Panama" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Panama</collectingCountry> +)............................................................................................. 143 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487158021FF0534D6674653B5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF0534D66747534F" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF0534D66747534F" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +143. Second abdominal ventrite of male with large, mesal appendage, which is single at base, bifurcate beyond base; dorsal surface entirely pale; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FC11370A6621532B" box="[937,1041,544,570]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 117</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FB42370A6764532B" box="[1274,1364,544,570]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FF41376E6366534F" box="[249,342,580,606]" name="Panama" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Panama</collectingCountry> +........................................................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FBEB37696735534F" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[1107,1285,579,606]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Geethaluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FBEB37696735534F" bold="true" box="[1107,1285,579,606]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Geethaluperus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F90887158021FAB4376E6747534F" box="[1292,1399,580,606]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF79374D674653B5" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF79374D674653B5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">– If male abdominal appendages present, then not as above, either paired (separate from each other at base), or, if single, then very slender, not bifurcate; dorsal coloration variable...................... 144</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487158021FF0537E667465265" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF0537E66746523F" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF0537E66746523F" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">144. Elytral punctation conspicuous, with punctures in most areas at least as large as ommatidium, with average distance between punctures not much greater than twice diameter of puncture; elytral surface not strongly alutaceous.................................................................................................... 145</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF79361D67465265" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF79361D67465265" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">– Punctures in most areas of elytra very fine, obsolete, or obscured by alutaceous microsculpture ............................................................................................................................. 146</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487158021FF0536B667465555" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF0536B6674652EC" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF0536B6674652EC" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +145. Hind tibia of male with terminal process, nearly as long as basitarsus, located opposite terminal spur ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FE863695639652C8" box="[318,422,959,985]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 206</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FDEC3695608852C8" box="[596,696,959,985]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 112</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FCC9369561FB52C8" box="[881,971,959,985]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry> +......................................................... ........................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FD9136C8667A52EC" authority="Nino-Maldonado & Clark, 2020" authorityName="Nino-Maldonado & Clark" authorityYear="2020" box="[553,1098,994,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Carpiradialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FD9136C860F952EC" bold="true" box="[553,713,994,1021]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Carpiradialis</emphasis> +Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 149] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF79312D67465555" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF79312D67465555" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +– Hind tibia lacking such process; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FCEF312C61F45531" box="[855,964,1030,1056]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 119</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FB2F312C670C5531" box="[1175,1340,1030,1056]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FF41310063635555" box="[249,339,1066,1092]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry> +.................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FC87310361E85555" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[831,984,1065,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mexiluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FC87310361E85555" bold="true" box="[831,984,1065,1092]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexiluperus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F90887158021FC673100667A5555" box="[991,1098,1066,1092]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +[in part; see couplet 162] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487158021FF05314667465405" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF053146674755DC" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF053146674755DC" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +146. Second abdominal ventrite of male with conspicuous appendages ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FBBC3146665A5597" box="[1028,1130,1132,1158]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 201</figureCitation> +); elytra pale, with dark vittae; head pale, similar in color to pronotum; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FC0331A5661055B8" box="[955,1056,1167,1193]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 122</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FB6131A5674655B8" box="[1241,1398,1167,1193]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">United States</collectingCountry> +( +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FEB93199634C55DC" box="[257,380,1203,1229]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">California</collectingRegion> +) .................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FBD33199673455DC" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[1131,1284,1203,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cornuventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FBD33199673455DC" bold="true" box="[1131,1284,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cornuventer</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F90887158021FAB43199674755DC" box="[1292,1399,1203,1229]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF7931FD67465405" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF7931FD67465405" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">– Second abdominal ventrite of male without appendages; more posterior ventrites either with or without appendages; if elytra vittate, then head dark, strongly contrasting with pale pronotum 147</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487158021FF053016674654D1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF0530166747548C" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF0530166747548C" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +147. Pronotum and elytra both black; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FC95301161A55447" box="[813,917,1339,1366]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 123</figureCitation> +; distribution in western North America, from +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FE82307560355468" box="[314,517,1375,1401]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">British Columbia</collectingRegion> +to +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FD92307560A95468" box="[554,665,1375,1401]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nebraska</collectingRegion> +to +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FD06307561675468" box="[702,855,1375,1401]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New Mexico</collectingRegion> +to +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FCC4307561C35468" box="[892,1011,1375,1401]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">California</collectingRegion> +................................................... ............................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FC0730A86747548C" ID-CoL="72HK" authority="Beller & Hatch, 1932" authorityName="Beller & Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[959,1399,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FC0730A86642548C" bold="true" box="[959,1138,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pseudoluperus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087158021FBC230A86747548C" author="Beller S. & Hatch M. H." box="[1146,1399,1410,1437]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="65 - 144" refId="ref34801" refString="Beller S. & Hatch M. H. 1932. Coleoptera of Washington: Chrysomelidae. University of Washington Publications in Biology 1 (2): 65 - 144." type="journal article" year="1932">Beller & Hatch, 1932</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF79308C674654D1" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1446,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF79308C674654D1" box="[193,1398,1446,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">– Pronotum pale; elytra variable in color, entirely dark, entirely pale, or bicolored...................... 148</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487158021FF0530C267475781" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF0530C267475758" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF0530C267475758" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +148. Male elytron with distinct fovea near apicolateral angle, usually with complex modification within fovea ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FEF2332163825734" box="[330,434,1547,1573]" captionStart="Figs 229–232. 229" captionStartId="101.[189,241,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[259,1316,269,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-71@101.[221,1349,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figs 229–232. 229. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846, lateral view, showing clubbed antenna and tuberculate elytron. 230. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold), 1875, lateral view, showing silky golden setae on metathorax. 231. Deinocladus sp., anterior portion of body, dorsal view, showing subequal lengths of second and third antennomeres. 232. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906, lateral view, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222607/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 232</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FDE7332160F35734" box="[607,707,1547,1573]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 128</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FC26332161E75734" box="[926,983,1547,1573]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Utah</collectingRegion> +and +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FBB63321665C5734" box="[1038,1132,1547,1573]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Arizona</collectingRegion> +to +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FB29332167385734" box="[1169,1288,1547,1573]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">California</collectingRegion> +and +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FAF9332163905758" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion> +....................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FD07330466345758" ID-CoL="62C3Z" authority="Crotch, 1873" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1873" box="[703,1028,1582,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Androlyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FD07330461545758" bold="true" box="[703,868,1582,1609]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Androlyperus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087158021FCD3330566345758" author="Crotch G. R." box="[875,1028,1583,1609]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="19 - 83" refId="ref36325" refString="Crotch G. R. 1873. Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25: 19 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Crotch, 1873</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 158, 161] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF79337967475781" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF79337967475781" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +– Male elytra without fovea at apicolateral angle; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FB853378669D577D" box="[1085,1197,1618,1644]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 118</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387158021FF41335C630D5781" box="[249,317,1654,1680]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Texas</collectingRegion> +................................................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FB3A335C67345781" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[1154,1284,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FB3A335C67345781" bold="true" box="[1154,1284,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Monoaster</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F90887158021FAB4335C67475781" box="[1292,1399,1654,1680]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487158021FF05339267465671" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF05339267465608" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF05339267465608" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +149. Elytra noticeably costate, strongly vittate; male with large process at apex of hind tibia ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FABA339D675A57C0" box="[1282,1386,1719,1745]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 206</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FE2B33F163C757E4" box="[403,503,1755,1781]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado & Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert & Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 112</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FD0833F1613A57E4" box="[688,778,1755,1781]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry> +................................................................................... ........................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FD9133D4667A5608" authority="Nino-Maldonado & Clark, 2020" authorityName="Nino-Maldonado & Clark" authorityYear="2020" box="[553,1098,1790,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Carpiradialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FD9133D460F95608" bold="true" box="[553,713,1790,1817]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Carpiradialis</emphasis> +Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020 +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 145] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF79320967465671" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF79320967465671" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">– Elytra not costate or distinctly vittate (rarely, slightly darker near margins, but only indistinctly so); if male hind tibia with large apical process, then elytra entirely dark ......................................... 150</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487158020FF0532AD6746507D" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187158021FF0532AD674756F9" blockId="54.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487158021FF0532AD674756F9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55"> +150. Pronotum and elytra densely, coarsely punctate; color almost entirely dark metallic blue; male abdomen with ventral appendages; apex of male hind tibia with large, upcurved appendage; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487158021FE8E32E463AB56F8" box="[310,411,1998,2025]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 135</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187158021FDEC32E4609E56F9" box="[596,686,1998,2024]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry> +........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287158021FBDA32E4674756F9" authority="Clark, 1998" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1998" box="[1122,1399,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelidacne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387158021FBDA32E466D456F8" bold="true" box="[1122,1252,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Scelidacne</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087158021FB5432E4674756F9" author="Clark S. M." box="[1260,1399,1998,2024]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="189 - 206" refId="ref36188" refString="Clark S. M. 1998. Descriptions of new luperine genera and species from Mexico, with keys to related taxa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 12: 189 - 206." type="journal article" year="1998">Clark, 1998</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF7934236746507D" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF7934236746507D" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">– Pronotum and elytra not both densely, coarsely punctate; color variable, sometimes with extensive pale areas; male abdomen either with or without ventral appendages; male hind tibia without large apical appendage.......................................................................................................................... 151</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487148020FF0534BE67465374" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF0534BE6747530D" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF0534BE6747530D" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +151. Male front femora larger than middle or hind femora; aedeagus strongly asymmetrical in dorsal view; pronotum, of either male or female, usually with single, broad, shallowly impressed, flattened area in basal half; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487148020FDD734F760E550E6" box="[623,725,477,503]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 131</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FC2834F7661E50E6" box="[912,1070,477,503]" name="United States of America" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">United States</collectingCountry> +( +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387148020FB8634F7669050E6" box="[1086,1184,477,503]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Arizona</collectingRegion> +) and nearby areas of +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FEA2372B6344530A" box="[282,372,513,539]" name="Mexico" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mexico</collectingCountry> +....................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287148020FBD5372B6747530D" ID-CoL="5HP3" authority="Wilcox, 1965" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[1133,1399,513,540]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lygistus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387148020FBD5372B66E1530A" bold="true" box="[1133,1233,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lygistus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087148020FB60372B6747530D" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[1240,1399,513,540]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF79370C67465374" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF79370C67465374" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">– Male front femora not abnormally enlarged; aedeagus symmetrical in dorsal view; pronotum usually not as above, usually convex, sometimes with paired depressions................................. 152</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487148020FF0537A767465293" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF0537A767465205" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF0537A767465205" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +152. All tibiae lacking terminal spurs; body of most (but not all) species longer than 5.0 mm; pronotum usually entirely pale, but, if partially dark, then male abdomen with conspicuous ventral appendages; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487148020FE2937FF63C653E1" box="[401,502,725,752]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 127</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FD6937FF615E53E1" box="[721,878,725,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">United States</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FC2C37FC61C153E1" box="[916,1009,726,752]" name="Panama" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Panama</collectingCountry> +................................................... ....................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287148020FCB237D366235204" ID-CoL="7D89" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[778,1043,761,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387148020FCB237D361525205" bold="true" box="[778,866,761,788]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Scelida</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087148020FCD137D066235204" author="Chapuis F." box="[873,1043,762,789]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 58, 184] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF79363567465293" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF79363567465293" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">– Tibial spurs present, at least on hind legs; body of many (but not all) species shorter than 5.0 mm; pronotum variable, either pale, dark, or bicolored; male abdomen without ventral appendages...... .................................................................................................................................................... 153</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487148020FF05368367465547" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF0536836747551C" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF0536836747551C" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +153. Antennae short, reaching only slightly beyond humeri; second, third, and fourth antennomeres each about equal in length and width; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487148020FCCD36E461ED52F9" box="[885,989,974,1000]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 137</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FB1936E4677152F9" box="[1185,1345,974,1000]" name="United States of America" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FF4136D86363551D" box="[249,339,1010,1036]" name="Mexico" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mexico</collectingCountry> +............................................................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287148020FBC336D86747551C" ID-CoL="74JB" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[1147,1399,1010,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pteleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387148020FBC336D866E6551C" bold="true" box="[1147,1238,1010,1037]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pteleon</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087148020FB6636D86747551C" author="Jacoby M." box="[1246,1399,1010,1037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF79313D67465547" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF79313D67465547" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">– Antennae longer, usually reaching to at least middle of elytra; third antennomere distinctly longer than wide...................................................................................................................................... 154</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487148020FF05315467465463" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF053154674655F0" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF053154674655F0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +154. Orifice of aedeagus with sclerotized covering; pronotum of many (but not all) species entirely pale, contrasting with uniformly dark elytra; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487148020FCE7318861F355AD" box="[863,963,1186,1212]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 133</figureCitation> +; distribution from central to southern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FF4131EC636355F1" box="[249,339,1222,1248]" name="Mexico" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mexico</collectingCountry> +............................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287148020FCA431EC667A55F0" authority="Clark, 1998" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1998" box="[796,1098,1222,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microscelida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387148020FCA431EC618855F0" bold="true" box="[796,952,1222,1249]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Microscelida</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087148020FC0731EC667A55F0" author="Clark S. M." box="[959,1098,1222,1249]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="189 - 206" refId="ref36188" refString="Clark S. M. 1998. Descriptions of new luperine genera and species from Mexico, with keys to related taxa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 12: 189 - 206." type="journal article" year="1998">Clark, 1998</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 183] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF7931C167465463" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF7931C167465463" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +– Aedeagal orifice without sclerotized covering; coloration not as above, either with dark or bicolored pronotum, or with partially pale elytra; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487148020FBD1302566E95438" box="[1129,1241,1295,1321]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 120</figureCitation> +; distribution in southwestern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FE59301E60A2545F" box="[481,658,1332,1358]" name="United States of America" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">United States</collectingCountry> +and northwestern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FC1F301E6631545F" box="[935,1025,1332,1358]" name="Mexico" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mexico</collectingCountry> +(including +<collectingRegion id="9D1A568387148020FB17301E6747545F" box="[1199,1399,1332,1358]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Baja California</collectingRegion> +peninsula)........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287148020FC9D307261E85462" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[805,984,1368,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Amplioluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387148020FC9D307261E85462" bold="true" box="[805,984,1368,1395]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Amplioluperus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F90887148020FC673073667A5462" box="[991,1098,1369,1395]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +[in part; see couplet 184] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487148020FF0530B067465756" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF0530B0674754EF" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF0530B0674754EF" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +155. Frons forming single, broad convexity or flattened area; frontal ridge and anterofrontal ridge not developed; antennae longer than body in male, nearly as long as body in female ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487148020FB1F3095673C54C8" box="[1191,1292,1471,1497]" captionStart="Figs158–163" captionStartId="89.[189,241,1925,1951]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-56@89.[203,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figs158–163.Heads,anteriorviews.158.Gynandrobroticaventricosa(Jacoby,1878),♂.159.G.ventricosa, ♀. 160. Gynandrobrotica nigrofasciata (Jacoby, 1878), ♂. 161. Elyces?quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 162. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), ♂. 163. M. geometrica, ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222561/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 161</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487148020FE8F30C963BD54EF" box="[311,397,1507,1534]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 58</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FDD030C960D754EC" box="[616,743,1507,1533]" name="Guatemala" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Guatemala</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FCB530CE617354EF" box="[781,835,1508,1534]" name="Peru" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Peru</collectingCountry> +........................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287148020FB3030C9674754EF" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[1160,1399,1507,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Elyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387148020FB3030C966E654EF" bold="true" box="[1160,1238,1507,1534]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Elyces</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087148020FB6630C9674754EF" author="Jacoby M." box="[1246,1399,1507,1534]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF79332267465756" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF79332267465756" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">– Both frontal and anterofrontal ridges well developed in nearly all species; if ridges indiscernible, then antennae shorter than described above ................................................................................ 156</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487148020FF053345674657C3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF053345674657BF" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF053345674657BF" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">156. Basal bead of pronotum complete, although fine, extending without interruption between posterolateral angles .................................................................................................................... 157</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF793392674657C3" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1719,1746]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF793392674657C3" box="[193,1398,1719,1746]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">– Basal bead of pronotum absent or restricted to lateral areas ....................................................... 181</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C487148020FF0533D06746564F" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF0533D067465628" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF0533D067465628" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">157. Elytron strongly modified, with distinct lateral fovea, often with complex structure within impression; gender male.............................................................................................................. 158</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF7932696746564F" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1859,1886]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF7932696746564F" box="[193,1398,1859,1886]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">– Elytron without distinct lateral fovea; gender male or female .................................................... 159</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48714802FFF0532AF6747507C" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187148020FF0532AF674656F9" blockId="55.[189,1401,265,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B5487148020FF0532AF674656F9" pageId="55" pageNumber="56"> +158. Lateral fovea located near mid-length of elytron ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487148020FCFD32AF619E568E" box="[837,942,1925,1951]" captionStart="Figs 224–228" captionStartId="100.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,273,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-65@100.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figs 224–228. Elytra. 224. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954), showing elytral costae. 225. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, showing extreme reduction of epipleuron. 226. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879), showing elytral fovea and modification. 227. Paratriarius sp., showing elytral modification. 228. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222603/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 226</figureCitation> +); abdomen without rectangular lobe at apex; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487148020FE613280601E56D5" box="[473,558,1962,1988]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 61</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FCB03280619556D5" box="[776,933,1962,1988]" name="United States of America" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">United States</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FC713280661956D5" box="[969,1065,1962,1988]" name="Panama" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Panama</collectingCountry> +, as well as in South America ( +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FEB832E4634B56F9" box="[256,379,1998,2024]" name="Venezuela" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187148020FE0C32E4603C56F9" box="[436,524,1998,2024]" name="Bolivia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +).............. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287148020FDC632E461F956F9" ID-CoL="5KDH" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[638,969,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Malacorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387148020FDC632E4611956F8" bold="true" box="[638,809,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Malacorhinus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087148020FC8832E461F956F9" author="Jacoby M." box="[816,969,1998,2024]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 167, 174, 180] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF7934236747507C" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF7934236747507C" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +– Lateral fovea located near apicolateral angle of elytron ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFC35342361C55032" box="[909,1013,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 229–232. 229" captionStartId="101.[189,241,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[259,1316,269,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-71@101.[221,1349,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figs 229–232. 229. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846, lateral view, showing clubbed antenna and tuberculate elytron. 230. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold), 1875, lateral view, showing silky golden setae on metathorax. 231. Deinocladus sp., anterior portion of body, dorsal view, showing subequal lengths of second and third antennomeres. 232. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906, lateral view, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222607/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 232</figureCitation> +); abdomen with rectangular lobe at apex; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFE57340460625059" box="[495,594,302,328]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 128</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingRegion id="9D1A5683871B802FFC91340461525059" box="[809,866,302,328]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Utah</collectingRegion> +and +<collectingRegion id="9D1A5683871B802FFC2F340461C55059" box="[919,1013,302,328]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Arizona</collectingRegion> +to +<collectingRegion id="9D1A5683871B802FFBAF340466BE5059" box="[1047,1166,302,328]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">California</collectingRegion> +and +<collectingRegion id="9D1A5683871B802FFB7C34046311507C" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion> +........................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871B802FFD0734786634507C" ID-CoL="62C3Z" authority="Crotch, 1873" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1873" box="[703,1028,338,365]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Androlyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871B802FFD0734786154507C" bold="true" box="[703,868,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Androlyperus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871B802FFCD334796634507C" author="Crotch G. R." box="[875,1028,339,365]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="19 - 83" refId="ref36325" refString="Crotch G. R. 1873. Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25: 19 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Crotch, 1873</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 148, 161] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871B802FFF0534BC674650C4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF0534BC674650A1" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,406,433]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF0534BC674650A1" box="[189,1398,406,433]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">159. Entire anterior edge of pronotum distinctly margined by fine bead ............................................ 160</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF793496674650C4" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,443,470]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF793496674650C4" box="[193,1398,443,470]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">– Anterior pronotal bead absent or very indistinct ......................................................................... 167</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871B802FFF0534D46746520A" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF0534D467465396" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF0534D467465396" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +160. Apex of male abdomen clearly truncate, usually with short, rectangular, often impressed lobe; aedeagus without basal spurs ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFDCC370960D0532C" box="[628,736,547,573]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 149</figureCitation> +); distal maxillary palpomere relatively narrow, nearly parallel sided for much of length; third antennomere usually distinctly longer than second, but if nearly equal in length, then elytra entirely dark.......................................................................... 161 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF7937B96746520A" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF7937B96746520A" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +– Apex of male abdomen indistinctly truncate, without rectangular lobe; aedeagus with basal spurs ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFEBB379D635A53C0" box="[259,362,695,721]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 148</figureCitation> +); distal maxillary palpomere usually stouter, more abruptly narrowed from base to apex; if distal maxillary palpomere narrow, then second and third antennomeres subequal in length and elytra largely pale ........................................................................................................................ 163 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871B802FFF05366E6746552D" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF05366E674652E2" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF05366E674652E2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +161. Genal distance (distance from eye margin to external edge of mouth, before base of mandible) as great as or greater than length of second antennomere; elytra entirely pale, entirely dark, or bicolored, never metallic; gender female (male elytron with distinct posterolateral fovea); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFE1B3699603D52DC" box="[419,525,947,973]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 128</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingRegion id="9D1A5683871B802FFD413699610252DC" box="[761,818,947,973]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Utah</collectingRegion> +and +<collectingRegion id="9D1A5683871B802FFCCC369961E252DC" box="[884,978,947,973]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Arizona</collectingRegion> +to +<collectingRegion id="9D1A5683871B802FFBBB3699664A52DC" box="[1027,1146,947,973]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">California</collectingRegion> +and +<collectingRegion id="9D1A5683871B802FFB053699631252E3" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion> +........................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871B802FFD0736FD663452E3" ID-CoL="62C3Z" authority="Crotch, 1873" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1873" box="[703,1028,983,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Androlyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871B802FFD0736FD615452E3" bold="true" box="[703,868,983,1010]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Androlyperus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871B802FFCD336F2663452E3" author="Crotch G. R." box="[875,1028,984,1010]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="19 - 83" refId="ref36325" refString="Crotch G. R. 1873. Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25: 19 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Crotch, 1873</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 148, 158] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF7936D76746552D" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF7936D76746552D" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">– Genal distance less than length of second antennomere; elytral color variable, often entirely metallic; gender either male or female ........................................................................................ 162</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871B802FFF05314F6746572A" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF05314F6746544C" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF05314F6746544C" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +162. Mesal frontal ridge narrow, usually forming angulate ridge; antennal calli often extending to and continuous with orbit, rarely delimited laterally by poorly defined impression; genal distance (distance from eye margin to external edge of mouth, before base of mandible) about as long as, or longer than, terminal maxillary palpomere; vertex often with alutaceous microsculpture; head and elytra dark, often metallic ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFD8A31D360A75405" box="[562,663,1273,1300]" captionStart="Figs 170–175" captionStartId="91.[189,241,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[221,1371,268,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-56@91.[216,1371,266,1847]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figs 170–175. Heads, anterior views. 170. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966, ♂. 171. E. costaricensis, ♀. 172. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888, ♂. 173. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 174. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov. 175. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222567/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 175</figureCitation> +); apex of aedeagus often truncate, emarginate, or asymmetrical, rarely symmetrical and pointed; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFCAC3034614C5429" box="[788,892,1310,1336]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 130</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871B802FFB8F303466A25429" box="[1079,1170,1310,1336]" name="Canada" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Canada</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871B802FFB27303467705429" box="[1183,1344,1310,1336]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">United States</collectingCountry> +, and northwestern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871B802FFE23306963C5544C" box="[411,501,1347,1373]" name="Mexico" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Mexico</collectingCountry> +...................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871B802FFCA83068667A544C" ID-CoL="7D95" authority="Crotch, 1874" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[784,1098,1346,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelolyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871B802FFCA830686199544C" bold="true" box="[784,937,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Scelolyperus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871B802FFC093069667A544C" author="Crotch G. R." box="[945,1098,1347,1373]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="73 - 80" refId="ref36359" refString="Crotch G. R. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera from the Pacific coast of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 5: 73 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076288" type="journal article" year="1874">Crotch, 1874</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 170] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF7930426746572A" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF7930426746572A" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +– If frontal ridge narrow or acutely elevated, then antennal calli delimited laterally by distinct impression; genal distance usually not more than half as great as terminal maxillary palpomere; vertex not distinctly alutaceous; head and elytra variable in color, sometimes largely pale; apical portion of aedeagus usually pointed and symmetrical, rarely strap-like and asymmetrical, never truncate or emarginate; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFC0230D166115707" box="[954,1057,1531,1558]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 119</figureCitation> +; distribution in Arizona and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871B802FFF41330A6363572B" box="[249,339,1568,1594]" name="Mexico" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Mexico</collectingCountry> +.................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871B802FFC87330A61E8572A" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[831,984,1568,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mexiluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871B802FFC87330A61E8572A" bold="true" box="[831,984,1568,1595]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Mexiluperus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908871B802FFC67330B667A572A" box="[991,1098,1569,1595]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +[in part; see couplet 145] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871B802FFF053349674657D6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF053349674757B3" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF053349674757B3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +163. Distribution in Greater Antilles ( +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871B802FFDCF33496089576C" box="[631,697,1635,1661]" name="Cuba" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cuba</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871B802FFD7D33496117576C" box="[709,807,1635,1661]" name="Jamaica" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Jamaica</collectingCountry> +, Hispaniola); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFBDC334966D8576F" box="[1124,1256,1635,1662]" captionStart="Figs 46–54" captionStartId="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figs 46–54. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné & Bechyné, 1976." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 47–48</figureCitation> +.................. ................................................................................................................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871B802FFB8333A2674757B3" authority="Blake, 1963" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1963" box="[1083,1399,1672,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nyctiplanctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871B802FFB8333A266D157B2" bold="true" box="[1083,1249,1672,1699]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Nyctiplanctus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871B802FFB5133A2674757B3" author="Blake D. H." box="[1257,1399,1672,1698]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="14 - 20" refId="ref35269" refString="Blake D. H. 1963. Eight new chrysomelid beetles from the West Indies (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 65 (1): 14 - 20." type="journal article" year="1963">Blake, 1963</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF793384674657D6" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1709,1736]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF793384674657D6" box="[193,1398,1709,1736]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">– Distribution in Lesser Antilles or in continental areas................................................................. 164</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871B802FFF0533DA674656F8" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF0533DA6746568F" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF0533DA6746568F" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +164. Third antennomere distinctly more than 1.5 times as long as second; pronotum largely or entirely pale ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFE87323F63995621" box="[319,425,1813,1840]" captionStart="Figs 189–194" captionStartId="95.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,276,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-71@95.[232,1356,265,1804]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figs 189–194. Anterior portions of bodies. 189. Pyesexora sp., dorsal view. 190. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), dorsal view. 191. Anisobrotica sp., dorsal view. 192. Megarhabda sp., dorsal view. 193. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina. 194. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1308), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222579/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 189</figureCitation> +); elytral coloration variable, usually either entirely dark or bicolored (dark with transverse median band, or pale basally, dark apically); in dorsal view, aedeagus strongly asymmetrical; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871B802FFDF9327560A85668" box="[577,664,1887,1913]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 64</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871B802FFCCB327561FD5668" box="[883,973,1887,1913]" name="Mexico" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to South America............................ ................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871B802FFCD232AE667A568E" authority="Clark, 1865" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[874,1098,1924,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871B802FFCD232AE6188568F" bold="true" box="[874,952,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Pyesia</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871B802FFC0732AE667A568E" author="Clark H." box="[959,1098,1924,1951]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 186] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871B802FFF793280674656F8" blockId="56.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871B802FFF793280674656F8" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">– Third antennomere not more than 1.5 times as long as second; aedeagus either symmetrical or asymmetrical................................................................................................................................ 165</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871A802EFF053423674650C5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF053423674650A0" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF053423674650A0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +165. Male antennae either longer than body, or modified (fourth through eleventh antennomeres wider than more basal antennomeres, or some antennomeres with longitudinal, asetose carina); female antennae usually nearly as long as body; aedeagus strongly asymmetrical, with orifice directed laterally; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFD2A345960C0509F" box="[658,752,371,398]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 65</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFC5D3459660F509C" box="[997,1087,371,397]" name="Mexico" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America.................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871A802EFCF034BC667A50A0" authority="Baly, 1864" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1864" box="[840,1098,406,433]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871A802EFCF034BC61F450A0" bold="true" box="[840,964,406,433]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chthoneis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871A802EFC7334BD667A50A0" author="Baly J. S." box="[971,1098,407,433]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="133 - 136" refId="ref33947" refString="Baly J. S. 1864. Descriptions of some uncharacterized genera of Phytophaga. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 1: 133 - 136." type="journal article" year="1864">Baly, 1864</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 172] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF793491674650C5" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,442,469]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF793491674650C5" box="[193,1398,442,469]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">– Antennae shorter than body, not unusually modified; aedeagal orifice directed dorsally ........... 166</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871A802EFF0534D667465201" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF0534D667475390" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF0534D667475390" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +166. Body 7.0–11.0 mm long; distal maxillary palpomere relatively narrow, nearly parallel sided for much of length ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFE03370A6012532A" box="[443,546,544,571]" captionStart="Figs 153–157. 153" captionStartId="88.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,265,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-61@88.[212,1375,265,1858]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figs 153–157. 153. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. 154. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886, ventral view. 155. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956), head, including maxillary palpi. 156. Pyesexora sp., head, including maxillary palpi. 157. Byblitea sp., lower portion of head, including maxillary palpi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222557/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 156</figureCitation> +); elytra pale with darker vittae, or entirely pale; in dorsal view, aedeagus symmetrical; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFD80376960BF534C" box="[568,655,579,605]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 63</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFCD6376961F8534C" box="[878,968,579,605]" name="Mexico" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America, as well as in Lesser Antilles................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871A802EFB31374D67355390" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[1161,1285,615,641]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyesexora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871A802EFB31374D67355390" bold="true" box="[1161,1285,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pyesexora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908871A802EFAB4374D67475390" box="[1292,1399,615,641]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF7937A167465201" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF7937A167465201" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +– Body smaller; distal maxillary palpomere stouter, more abruptly narrowed from base to apex ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFEBA3784635C53D8" box="[258,364,686,713]" captionStart="Figs 153–157. 153" captionStartId="88.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,265,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-61@88.[212,1375,265,1858]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figs 153–157. 153. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. 154. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886, ventral view. 155. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956), head, including maxillary palpi. 156. Pyesexora sp., head, including maxillary palpi. 157. Byblitea sp., lower portion of head, including maxillary palpi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222557/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 155</figureCitation> +); elytral coloration often otherwise; aedeagus either symmetrical or not; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFF4137FB63B053FD" box="[249,384,721,748]" captionStart-0="Figs 46–54" captionStart-1="Figs 55–63" captionStartId-0="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionStartId-1="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId-0="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId-0="76" captionTargetPageId-1="77" captionText-0="Figs 46–54. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné & Bechyné, 1976." captionText-1="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 51–55</figureCitation> +; distribution in Central and South America .................................................................... ....................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871A802EFD2C37DE61F95201" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[660,969,756,784]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zepherina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871A802EFD2C37DE6121521E" bold="true" box="[660,785,756,783]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Zepherina</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871A802EFCA137DF61F95201" author="Bechyne J." box="[793,969,757,784]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 171, 175, 185] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871A802EFF05361C674652AA" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF05361C67465289" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF05361C67465289" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +167. Third antennomere much longer and broader than fourth; gender male; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFAAE361C67415241" box="[1302,1393,822,848]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 61</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFE64367060B35265" box="[476,643,858,884]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">United States</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFD043671612C5264" box="[700,796,859,885]" name="Panama" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Panama</collectingCountry> +, as well as in South America ( +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFB783670670B5265" box="[1216,1339,858,884]" name="Venezuela" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFF41365463615289" box="[249,337,894,920]" name="Bolivia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +) ....................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871A802EFDC6365761F95289" ID-CoL="5KDH" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[638,969,893,920]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Malacorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871A802EFDC6365761195289" bold="true" box="[638,809,893,920]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Malacorhinus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871A802EFC88365461F95289" author="Jacoby M." box="[816,969,894,920]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 158, 174, 180] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF793688674652AA" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,929,956]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF793688674652AA" box="[193,1398,929,956]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">– Third antennomere equal to or shorter than fourth; gender male or female................................ 168</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871A802EFF0536C967465531" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF0536C9674652EC" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,995,1021]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF0536C9674652EC" box="[189,1398,995,1021]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">168. Third antennomere similar in length to second, much shorter than fourth.................................. 169</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF79312D67465531" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1030,1057]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF79312D67465531" box="[193,1398,1030,1057]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">– Third antennomere much longer than second, approaching fourth in length .............................. 177</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871A802EFF053162674655DC" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF05316267465597" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF05316267465597" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +169. Terminal maxillary palpomere at least twice as long as broad, usually nearly parallel-sided in basal half ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFE8E314663AA5597" box="[310,410,1131,1158]" captionStart="Figs 170–175" captionStartId="91.[189,241,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[221,1371,268,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-56@91.[216,1371,266,1847]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figs 170–175. Heads, anterior views. 170. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966, ♂. 171. E. costaricensis, ♀. 172. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888, ♂. 173. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 174. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov. 175. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222567/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 175</figureCitation> +) .............................................................................................................................. 170 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF7931BA674655DC" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF7931BA674655DC" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +– Terminal maxillary palpomere less than twice as long as broad, rather abruptly narrowed from stout base to apex ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFE21319963CD55DC" box="[409,509,1202,1229]" captionStart="Figs 153–157. 153" captionStartId="88.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,265,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-61@88.[212,1375,265,1858]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figs 153–157. 153. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. 154. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886, ventral view. 155. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956), head, including maxillary palpi. 156. Pyesexora sp., head, including maxillary palpi. 157. Byblitea sp., lower portion of head, including maxillary palpi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222557/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 155</figureCitation> +)................................................................................................................. 172 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871A802EFF0531DF6746548C" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF0531DF67465444" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF0531DF67465444" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +170. Apex of male abdomen clearly truncate, usually with short, rectangular lobe; aedeagus without basal spurs ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFEFD3032639B5423" box="[325,427,1304,1330]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 149</figureCitation> +); elytra entirely dark, often metallic; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFC403032666C5423" box="[1016,1116,1304,1330]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 130</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFAAD303267405423" box="[1301,1392,1304,1330]" name="Canada" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Canada</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFF41301163A95447" box="[249,409,1339,1366]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">United States</collectingCountry> +, and northwestern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFDCF301160E15444" box="[631,721,1339,1365]" name="Mexico" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mexico</collectingCountry> +........ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871A802EFCA83011667A5447" ID-CoL="7D95" authority="Crotch, 1874" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[784,1098,1339,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelolyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871A802EFCA8301161995447" bold="true" box="[784,937,1339,1366]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Scelolyperus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871A802EFC093011667A5447" author="Crotch G. R." box="[945,1098,1339,1366]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="73 - 80" refId="ref36359" refString="Crotch G. R. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera from the Pacific coast of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 5: 73 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076288" type="journal article" year="1874">Crotch, 1874</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 162] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF7930756746548C" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF7930756746548C" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">– Male abdomen indistinctly truncate, without rectangular lobe; aedeagus with basal spurs; elytral color variable, often not as above; distribution in Central and South America........................... 171</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871A802EFF0530EE6746577C" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF0530EE67475713" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF0530EE67475713" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +171. Fifth to tenth antennomeres each only about twice as long as broad, broader than basal antennomere; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFE2930C263D85713" box="[401,488,1512,1538]" captionStart="Figs 46–54" captionStartId="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figs 46–54. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné & Bechyné, 1976." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 46</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFD7B30C261105713" box="[707,800,1512,1538]" name="Panama" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Panama</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFCFD30C261BD5713" box="[837,909,1512,1538]" name="Brazil" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry> +.......................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871A802EFBEF30C267475713" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[1111,1399,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hecataeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871A802EFBEF30C266E65713" bold="true" box="[1111,1238,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hecataeus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871A802EFB6630C267475713" author="Jacoby M." box="[1246,1399,1512,1538]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF7933266746577C" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF7933266746577C" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +– Fourth to eleventh antennomeres each much more than twice as long as broad, narrower than basal antennomere; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFCB633056193575B" box="[782,931,1583,1610]" captionStart-0="Figs 46–54" captionStart-1="Figs 55–63" captionStartId-0="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionStartId-1="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId-0="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId-0="76" captionTargetPageId-1="77" captionText-0="Figs 46–54. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné & Bechyné, 1976." captionText-1="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 51–55</figureCitation> +; distribution in Central and South America.......................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871A802EFD2C337861F9577C" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[660,969,1618,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zepherina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871A802EFD2C33786121577C" bold="true" box="[660,785,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Zepherina</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871A802EFCA1337861F9577C" author="Bechyne J." box="[793,969,1618,1645]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 166, 175, 185] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871A802EFF0533BE67465692" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF0533BE6746562C" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF0533BE6746562C" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +172. Male antennae either longer than body or modified (fourth through eleventh antennomeres wider than more basal antennomeres, or some antennomeres with longitudinal, asetose carina); female antennae usually nearly as long as body; aedeagus strongly asymmetrical, with orifice directed laterally; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFD2A33D460C05608" box="[658,752,1790,1817]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 65</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1871A802EFC5D33D4660F5609" box="[997,1087,1790,1816]" name="Mexico" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America.................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2871A802EFCF0320B667A562D" authority="Baly, 1864" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1864" box="[840,1098,1825,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA4473871A802EFCF0320B61F4562D" bold="true" box="[840,964,1825,1852]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chthoneis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590871A802EFC733208667A562D" author="Baly J. S." box="[971,1098,1826,1852]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="133 - 136" refId="ref33947" refString="Baly J. S. 1864. Descriptions of some uncharacterized genera of Phytophaga. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 1: 133 - 136." type="journal article" year="1864">Baly, 1864</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 165] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF79326C67465692" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF79326C67465692" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">– Antennae usually shorter than body, not unusually modified; aedeagus symmetrical or less strongly asymmetrical, with orifice directed dorsally................................................................................ 173</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C4871A802EFF053281674656F9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF053281674656D4" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[189,1398,1963,1989]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF053281674656D4" box="[189,1398,1963,1989]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">173. Pronotum wider in anterior half than in posterior half, with lateral margins sinuate.................. 174</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F619861871A802EFF7932E5674656F9" blockId="57.[189,1399,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B54871A802EFF7932E5674656F9" box="[193,1398,1998,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58"> +– Pronotum not wider anteriorly; lateral margins of pronotum rounded ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E4871A802EFB9432E466A056F8" box="[1068,1168,1998,2025]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 185</figureCitation> +)....................... 176 +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48719802DFF0534236746509F" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF0534236746507B" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF0534236746507B" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +174. Pronotum nearly as long as wide ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFD34342360C45032" box="[652,756,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 187</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFC1D342361CB5032" box="[933,1019,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 61</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFB61342367465032" box="[1241,1398,265,291]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">United States</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFEA0340763485056" box="[280,376,301,327]" name="Panama" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Panama</collectingCountry> +, as well as in South America ( +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFD61340661645057" box="[729,852,300,326]" name="Venezuela" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFC35340661D55057" box="[909,997,300,326]" name="Bolivia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +) .................................................... .................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFDC6346561F9507B" ID-CoL="5KDH" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[638,969,335,362]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Malacorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFDC634656119507B" bold="true" box="[638,809,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Malacorhinus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFC88347A61F9507B" author="Jacoby M." box="[816,969,336,362]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 158, 167, 180] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF79345E6746509F" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,371,398]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF79345E6746509F" box="[193,1398,371,398]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">– Pronotum much shorter than wide; distribution in Central and South America.......................... 175</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48719802DFF05349F67465393" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF05349F6746532B" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF05349F6746532B" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +175. Vertex black; elytra testaceous with black markings forming broad, transverse band at base and another black band beyond middle; sutural and apical margins of elytra also black; body 5.0– +<quantity id="982635848719802DFF4134D663635306" box="[249,339,508,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity> +long; body shape as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFDD034D6608F5306" box="[616,703,508,535]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 57</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFCC034D761E55306" box="[888,981,509,535]" name="Panama" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Panama</collectingCountry> +........................................................ ................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFD48370A6634532B" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[752,1028,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Masurius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFD48370A6154532B" bold="true" box="[752,868,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Masurius</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFCD3370A6634532B" author="Jacoby M." box="[875,1028,544,570]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 179, 186] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF79376E67465393" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF79376E67465393" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +– Color or size not as above; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFC923769618B534F" box="[810,955,579,606]" captionStart-0="Figs 46–54" captionStart-1="Figs 55–63" captionStartId-0="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionStartId-1="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId-0="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId-0="76" captionTargetPageId-1="77" captionText-0="Figs 46–54. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné & Bechyné, 1976." captionText-1="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs 51–55</figureCitation> +; distribution in Central and South America.......................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFD2C374C61F95393" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[660,969,614,642]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zepherina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFD2C374C61215390" bold="true" box="[660,785,614,641]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Zepherina</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFCA1374D61F95393" author="Bechyne J." box="[793,969,615,642]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 166, 171, 185] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48719802DFF05378267475240" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF053782674753F6" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF053782674753F6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +176. Pronotum twice as wide as long; antennae not attaining elytral apex; female abdomen incised at apex; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFE6437E6600353F7" box="[476,563,716,742]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 69</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America........................ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFBF537E6674753F6" authority="Bechyne, 1957" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1957" box="[1101,1399,716,743]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Uaupesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFBF537E6668F53F7" bold="true" box="[1101,1215,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Uaupesia</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFB7E37E6674753F6" author="Bechyne J." box="[1222,1399,716,743]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="133 - 152" refId="ref34355" refString="Bechyne J. 1957. Voyage de M. le Dr. A. Roman au Bresil (1914 - 1915). Eumolpides, Galerucides et Alticides (Col. Phytophaga). Arkiv for Zoologi 11 (10): 133 - 152." type="journal article" year="1957">Bechyné, 1957</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF7937DA67475240" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF7937DA67475240" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +– Pronotum often distinctly less than twice as wide as long; male antennae of some (but not all) species extending beyond elytral apex; female abdomen not incised at apex; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFAA336396742523C" box="[1307,1394,787,813]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 60</figureCitation> +; distribution in Central and South America .............................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFB85361C67475240" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[1085,1399,822,849]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Sonyadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFB85361C668F5240" bold="true" box="[1085,1215,822,849]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Sonyadora</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFB7E361C67475240" author="Bechyne J." box="[1222,1399,822,849]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48719802DFF05365267465531" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF053652674652C8" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF053652674652C8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +177. Male abdomen with short, rectangular lobe at apex; aedeagus without basal spurs; entire body, including appendages, strongly metallic; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFC4036B6665552A7" box="[1016,1125,924,950]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 129</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFA8C36B6631F52C8" name="Costa Rica" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +.................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFCA43695667A52C8" authority="Clark, 1993" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1993" box="[796,1098,959,986]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Inbioluperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFCA43695618852CB" bold="true" box="[796,952,959,986]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Inbioluperus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFC073695667A52C8" author="Clark S. M." box="[959,1098,959,985]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="215 - 218" refId="ref36123" refString="Clark S. M. 1993. A new genus and two new species of Luperini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Costa Rica. Insecta Mundi 7: 215 - 218." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 142] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF7936C967465531" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF7936C967465531" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">– Male abdomen slightly truncate, but without rectangular lobe; aedeagus with basal spurs; body of most species not entirely metallic................................................................................................ 178</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48719802DFF053162674655B8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF05316267475597" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF05316267475597" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +178. Body 6.5–13.0 mm long; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFD72316261125572" box="[714,802,1096,1123]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 56</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFBB93162666B5573" box="[1025,1115,1096,1122]" name="Mexico" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mexico</collectingCountry> +through much of South America and in Lesser Antilles..................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFBDF314667475597" ID-CoL="8PPK2" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1837" box="[1127,1399,1132,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Exora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFBDF314666825597" bold="true" box="[1127,1202,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Exora</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFB01314667475597" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[1209,1399,1132,1158]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF7931BA674655B8" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1167,1194]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF7931BA674655B8" box="[193,1398,1167,1194]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">– Body smaller................................................................................................................................ 179</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48719802DFF0531FB67465447" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF0531FB67465423" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF0531FB67465423" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +179. Terminal maxillary palpomere shorter than penultimate palpomere; elytra variable in color, but often entirely dark; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFCF631DE6180541E" box="[846,944,1268,1295]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 57</figureCitation> +; distribution in Central and South America...................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFD48303266345423" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[752,1028,1304,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Masurius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFD48303261545423" bold="true" box="[752,868,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Masurius</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFCD3303266345423" author="Jacoby M." box="[875,1028,1304,1330]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 175, 186] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF79301667465447" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" box="[193,1398,1339,1366]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF79301667465447" box="[193,1398,1339,1366]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">– Terminal maxillary palpomere longer than penultimate palpomere; elytra usually bicolored.... 180</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48719802DFF0530576746577D" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF05305767475713" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF05305767475713" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +180. Pronotum widest slightly anterior to mid-length; lateral pronotal margins rounded; male fourth abdominal ventrite of some (but not all) species with posteromesal irregularity, tooth, or long spine ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFD0930EE611354CF" box="[689,803,1476,1502]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 200</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFC4230EE666B54CF" box="[1018,1115,1476,1502]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 62</figureCitation> +; distribution in South America.............................................................................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFC2530C267475713" authority="Bechyne & Bechyne, 1969" authorityName="Bechyne & Bechyne. True" authorityYear="1969" box="[925,1399,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trigonexora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFC2530C266035713" bold="true" box="[925,1075,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Trigonexora</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFB8230C267475713" author="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de" box="[1082,1399,1512,1538]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref34660" refString="Bechyne J. & Bechyne B. S. de. 1969. Die Galerucidengattungen in Sudbrasilien. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 36: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1969">Bechyné & Bechyné, 1969</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF7933266746577D" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF7933266746577D" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +– Pronotum widest slightly behind anterior margin; lateral margins of pronotum sinuate ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFAB9332167595734" box="[1281,1385,1547,1573]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 187</figureCitation> +); habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFE18330563C95758" box="[416,505,1583,1609]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 61</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFD59330561B15758" box="[737,897,1583,1609]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">United States</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFC173305663F5758" box="[943,1039,1583,1609]" name="Panama" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Panama</collectingCountry> +, as well as in South America ( +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFEB93378634C577D" box="[257,380,1618,1644]" name="Venezuela" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFE0D3378603D577D" box="[437,525,1618,1644]" name="Bolivia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +).............. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFDC6337861F9577D" ID-CoL="5KDH" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[638,969,1618,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Malacorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFDC633786119577C" bold="true" box="[638,809,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Malacorhinus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFC88337861F9577D" author="Jacoby M." box="[816,969,1618,1644]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 158, 167, 174] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48719802DFF0533BE67465671" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF0533BE674657E4" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF0533BE674657E4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">181. Apex of male abdomen with short, rectangular, often impressed lobe; aedeagus lacking basal spurs; terminal maxillary palpomere distinctly longer than broad, nearly parallel-sided for much of length, usually comparatively narrow...................................................................................................... 182</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF7933D567465671" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF7933D567465671" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">– Apex of male abdomen slightly truncate, but without rectangular lobe; aedeagus with basal spurs; terminal maxillary palpomere only about as long as broad, rather abruptly narrowed from stout base to apex.................................................................................................................................. 185</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48719802CFF0532AD67465056" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618719802DFF0532AD674756F8" blockId="58.[189,1400,265,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548719802DFF0532AD674756F8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59"> +182. Basitarsus of male hind leg enlarged, much different in +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFCC332AD61C356B0" box="[891,1011,1927,1953]" form="from" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="form">form from</taxonomicName> +basitarsi of front and middle legs ( +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFEB93281635956D4" box="[257,361,1963,1989]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 203</figureCitation> +); elytra conspicuously vittate; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48719802DFCC9328161E756D7" box="[881,983,1963,1990]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 125</figureCitation> +; distribution in Texas and northern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18719802DFF4232E4636456F9" box="[250,340,1998,2024]" name="Mexico" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mexico</collectingCountry> +....................................................................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28719802DFBE832E4674756F8" ID-CoL="6388Z" authority="Wilcox, 1965" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[1104,1399,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Keitheatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738719802DFBE832E466E156F8" bold="true" box="[1104,1233,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Keitheatus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908719802DFB6032E4674756F8" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[1240,1399,1998,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618718802CFF79342367465056" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,1239]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548718802CFF79342367465056" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">– Basitarsus of male hind leg not conspicuously enlarged; elytra usually unicolorous, sometimes pale with vaguely darker margins ....................................................................................................... 183</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48718802CFF05344567465370" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618718802CFF053445674650E7" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,1239]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548718802CFF053445674650E7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +183. Aedeagus orifice with sclerotized covering; at least hind tibiae with terminal spurs; abdomen lacking ventral appendages; pronotum of many (but not all) species entirely pale; elytra largely or entirely dark, usually metallic; body +<quantity id="982635848718802CFD72349D616850C0" box="[714,856,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="3.1">3.1–4.9 mm</quantity> +long; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48718802CFB85349D669250C0" box="[1085,1186,439,465]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 133</figureCitation> +; distribution from central to southern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18718802CFE6334F1600550E4" box="[475,565,475,501]" name="Mexico" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mexico</collectingCountry> +.............................. +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28718802CFCA434F0667A50E4" authority="Clark, 1998" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1998" box="[796,1098,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microscelida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738718802CFCA434F0618850E4" bold="true" box="[796,952,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Microscelida</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908718802CFC0734F1667A50E4" author="Clark S. M." box="[959,1098,475,501]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="189 - 206" refId="ref36188" refString="Clark S. M. 1998. Descriptions of new luperine genera and species from Mexico, with keys to related taxa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 12: 189 - 206." type="journal article" year="1998">Clark, 1998</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 154] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618718802CFF7934D567465370" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,1239]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548718802CFF7934D567465370" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">– Aedeagal orifice usually without sclerotized covering; if sclerotized covering present, then terminal spurs absent from all tibiae and abdomen with ventral appendages; coloration variable, either as above or not ................................................................................................................................. 184</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48718802CFF0537A36746528E" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618718802CFF0537A36746521E" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,1239]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548718802CFF0537A36746521E" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +184. Pronotum usually entirely pale; if pronotum partially black, then male abdomen with ventral appendages; tibiae without terminal spurs; elytra usually entirely dark; if elytra partially pale, then body longer than 5.0 mm; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48718802CFCDE37FB61FF53FA" box="[870,975,721,747]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 127</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18718802CFB0C37FB676553FA" box="[1204,1365,721,747]" name="United States of America" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">United States</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18718802CFF4137DF6366521E" box="[249,342,757,783]" name="Panama" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Panama</collectingCountry> +........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28718802CFCB237DE6623521E" ID-CoL="7D89" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[778,1043,756,783]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738718802CFCB237DE6152521E" bold="true" box="[778,866,756,783]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Scelida</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908718802CFCD137DE6623521E" author="Chapuis F." box="[873,1043,756,783]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. & Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 58, 152] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618718802CFF7936336746528E" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,1239]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548718802CFF7936336746528E" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +– Pronotum often partially or entirely dark; if pronotum entirely pale, then elytra largely or entirely pale also, tibiae with terminal spurs, and body length less than 5.0 mm; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48718802CFAB2361667425246" box="[1290,1394,828,855]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 120</figureCitation> +; distribution in southwestern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18718802CFDEB364A60C3526B" box="[595,755,864,890]" name="United States of America" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">United States</collectingCountry> +and northwestern +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18718802CFC6F364A6601526B" box="[983,1073,864,890]" name="Mexico" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mexico</collectingCountry> +(including +<collectingRegion id="9D1A56838718802CFB07364A6747526B" box="[1215,1399,864,890]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Baja California</collectingRegion> +peninsula)........................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28718802CFC9D36AE61E8528E" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[805,984,900,927]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Amplioluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738718802CFC9D36AE61E8528E" bold="true" box="[805,984,900,927]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Amplioluperus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F9088718802CFC6736AF667A528E" box="[991,1098,901,927]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +[in part; see couplet 154] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48718802CFF0536EC67465539" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618718802CFF0536EC67465514" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,1239]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548718802CFF0536EC67465514" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +185. Third antennomere short, less than 1.5 times as long as second; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48718802CFBD936EC66D652F0" box="[1121,1254,966,993]" captionStart-0="Figs 46–54" captionStart-1="Figs 55–63" captionStartId-0="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionStartId-1="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId-0="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId-0="76" captionTargetPageId-1="77" captionText-0="Figs 46–54. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné & Bechyné, 1976." captionText-1="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 51–55</figureCitation> +; distribution in Central and South America ........ +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28718802CFD2C36C061F95514" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[660,969,1002,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zepherina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738718802CFD2C36C061215514" bold="true" box="[660,785,1002,1029]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Zepherina</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908718802CFCA136C061F95514" author="Bechyne J." box="[793,969,1002,1029]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplets 166, 171, 175] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618718802CFF79312567465539" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,1239]" box="[193,1398,1038,1065]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548718802CFF79312567465539" box="[193,1398,1038,1065]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">– Third antennomere at least 1.5 times as long as second .............................................................. 186</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="E42A80C48718802CFF05317A674655C7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<paragraph id="5F6198618718802CFF05317A6746559F" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,1239]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548718802CFF05317A6746559F" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +186. Upon close inspection, anterior edge of pronotum margined by fine bead; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48718802CFAA1317A6742557B" box="[1305,1394,1104,1130]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 64</figureCitation> +; distribution from +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18718802CFE70315E6012559F" box="[456,546,1140,1166]" name="Mexico" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to South America............... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28718802CFCD2315E667A559E" authority="Clark, 1865" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[874,1098,1140,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738718802CFCD2315E6188559F" bold="true" box="[874,952,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pyesia</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908718802CFC07315E667A559E" author="Clark H." box="[959,1098,1140,1167]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +[in part; see couplet 164] +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F6198618718802CFF7931B3674655C7" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,1239]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +<keyLead id="E42F3B548718802CFF7931B3674655C7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60"> +– Anterior margin of pronotum without bead; habitus as in +<figureCitation id="C7E584E48718802CFB8131B2669255A2" box="[1081,1186,1176,1203]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 57</figureCitation> +; distribution in +<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18718802CFF413197636655C6" box="[249,342,1213,1239]" name="Panama" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Panama</collectingCountry> +....................................................... +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28718802CFD483196663455C7" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[752,1028,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Masurius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA44738718802CFD483196615455C7" bold="true" box="[752,868,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Masurius</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908718802CFCD33196663455C7" author="Jacoby M." box="[875,1028,1212,1238]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. 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httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D77729778734800FFDBD338561F9509D" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="24"> <subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87348000FDBD3385661F57D8" box="[517,1071,1710,1737]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature"> <paragraph id="5F61986187348000FDBD3385661F57D8" blockId="23.[517,1071,1710,1737]" box="[517,1071,1710,1737]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24"> <heading id="04292F0D87348000FDBD3385661F57D8" box="[517,1071,1710,1737]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="2"> Genus -<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FDEF3384661F57D8" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[599,1071,1710,1737]" genus="Heterochele" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="genus"> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FDEF3384661F57D8" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[599,1071,1710,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> <emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FDEF338460DA57D8" bold="true" box="[599,746,1710,1737]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Heterochele</emphasis> Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021 </taxonomicName> @@ -64,12 +63,17 @@ Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021 </subSubSection> <subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87348000FF0533DB6065563E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group"> <paragraph id="5F61986187348000FF0533DB6065563E" blockId="23.[189,1398,1777,1839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24"> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FF0533DB60DB561D" authority="Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021 a: 3105" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,747,1777,1804]" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="genus"> <emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FF0533DB637B561A" box="[189,331,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Heterochele</emphasis> <bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FEEB33DB60DB561D" author="Viswajyothi K. & Clark S. M." box="[339,747,1777,1804]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="3103 - 3119" refId="ref41314" refString="Viswajyothi K. & Clark S. M. 2021 a. A new genus and two new species of Galerucinae from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Natural History 54 (47 - 48): 3103 - 3119. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2021.1890849" type="journal article" year="2021">Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021a: 3105</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> ( <typeStatus id="806526C387348000FD4333DB611F561A" box="[763,815,1777,1803]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus> species -<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FC2D33DB6642561A" box="[917,1138,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Heterochele actias</emphasis> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FC2D33DB6642561A" box="[917,1138,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24"> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FC2D33DB6613561A" authorityName="Viswajyothi & Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[917,1059,1777,1803]" genus="Heterochele" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="genus">Heterochele</taxonomicName> +actias +</emphasis> Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021, by original designation). </paragraph> </subSubSection> @@ -84,15 +88,20 @@ This genus contains two described species, occurring in <collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187348000FCE832AC61E056B1" box="[848,976,1926,1952]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> and <collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187348000FBB032AD665956B0" box="[1032,1129,1927,1953]" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Panama</collectingCountry> -. It is tentatively placed in the section Phyllecthrites, because the preapical, ventral portion of the male middle tibia is concave. However, the concavity is slight and not forming a deep notch as in most other genera of Phyllecthrites. The setae along the lateral margin of the pronotum (easily abraded) are suggestive of a relationship with +. It is tentatively placed in the section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FEDA3280603656D5" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1892" box="[354,518,1962,1988]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="section" section="Phyllecthrites">Phyllecthrites</taxonomicName> +, because the preapical, ventral portion of the male middle tibia is concave. However, the concavity is slight and not forming a deep notch as in most other genera of +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FB7632E4674356F9" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1892" box="[1230,1395,1998,2024]" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" rank="section" section="Phyllecthrites">Phyllecthrites</taxonomicName> +. The setae along the lateral margin of the pronotum (easily abraded) are suggestive of a relationship with <taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873B800FFF04340663085057" authorityName="Barber" authorityYear="1947" box="[188,312,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Acalymma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> <emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFF04340663085057" box="[188,312,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Acalymma</emphasis> </taxonomicName> -(section Diabroticites). The deep incision at the apex of the male abdomen and the tarsal claws (bifid in males, appendiculate in females) are both remarkable, as well as somewhat confusing with regards to classification. See +(section +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873B800FFE12340660775057" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[426,583,300,326]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="section" section="Diabroticites">Diabroticites</taxonomicName> +). The deep incision at the apex of the male abdomen and the tarsal claws (bifid in males, appendiculate in females) are both remarkable, as well as somewhat confusing with regards to classification. See <figureCitation id="C7E584E4873B800FFDF634586091509D" box="[590,673,370,396]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 89</figureCitation> for a habitus illustration. </paragraph> </subSubSection> </treatment> -</subSection> </document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D7/77/29/D777297787378003FDFF376A63865262.xml b/data/D7/77/29/D777297787378003FDFF376A63865262.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a5fcac381ee --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D7/77/29/D777297787378003FDFF376A63865262.xml @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +<document id="A42FFEC1591D90D37BFE96430167A348" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7222499" ID-ZooBank="390ED50A-A0D5-45B0-B9C4-BA4EE7F619B3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1666126103615" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam & Clark, Shawn M." docDate="2022" docId="D777297787378003FDFF376A63865262" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-842_1-102.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 842" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paratriarius Schaeffer 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="2B4E510F87238017FFB8352A62305111" masterDocTitle="New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1734530697782" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED"> +<mods:mods id="B6FFEB2F635C9E93DD904513379567E9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="5B166B37737334B22E20DC65EA206DE1"> +<mods:title id="46C9E7E6F60660AC5C3C61E3B07D4C7C">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="2B409118D4FD4C7E213938D1561EA40E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="6C6930A2DBE5728EC46BED70F5EA71AB"> +<mods:roleTerm id="40A3457F3F766208863AD5A229EA4363">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0867F843A0E68F091450A2B46DC2E3E5">Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="C24A9966B3ABFB3A8088D37F44E339DF" type="LSID">D4086923-B29E-40C6-BB48-0E6D3E83E7EE</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="DC23213302C4BCA31460F13B2F96A478">Monte L. 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On new and known genera and species of the family Chrysomelidae. Brooklyn Institute Museum Science Bulletin 1 (9): 221 - 253." type="journal article" year="1906">Schaeffer, 1906</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87378003FF0537A863B353F0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187378003FF0537A863B353F0" blockId="20.[189,1398,641,737]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="7FCEBF4F87378003FF0537A8675B538A" box="[189,1387,641,667]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087378003FF0537A8607A538A" author="Schaeffer C." box="[189,586,641,667]" page="243" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1906"> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287378003FF0537A8607A538A" ID-CoL="63M5J" authority="Schaeffer, 1906: 243" authorityName="Schaeffer" authorityPageNumber="243" authorityYear="1906" box="[189,586,641,667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paratriarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387378003FF0537A86360538A" box="[189,336,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Paratriarius</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087378003FEEF37AB607A538A" author="Schaeffer C." box="[343,586,641,667]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="221 - 253" refId="ref40776" refString="Schaeffer C. 1906. On new and known genera and species of the family Chrysomelidae. Brooklyn Institute Museum Science Bulletin 1 (9): 221 - 253." type="journal article" year="1906">Schaeffer, 1906: 243</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</treatmentCitation> +( +<typeStatus id="806526C387378003FDE237AB60BE538A" box="[602,654,641,667]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus> +species +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287378003FD4937AB660E538A" authority="Say, 1824" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[753,1086,641,667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galeruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsata"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387378003FD4937AB61F2538A" box="[753,962,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Galeruca dorsata</emphasis> +Say, 1824 +</taxonomicName> +, by original designation). +</treatmentCitationGroup> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="7FCEBF4F87378003FF05378E63B353F0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087378003FF05378E605E53AF" author="Bechyne J." box="[189,622,676,703]" page="243" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1956"> +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287378003FF05378E605E53AF" authority="Bechyne, 1956 a: 243" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityPageNumber="243" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,622,676,703]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chanchamayia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387378003FF05378E635F53AF" box="[189,367,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chanchamayia</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087378003FECE378E605E53AF" author="Bechyne J." box="[374,622,676,703]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="241 - 358" refId="ref34284" refString="Bechyne J. 1956 a. Reise des Herrn G. Frey in Sudamerika: Galerucidae (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 7 (1): 241 - 358." type="journal article" year="1956">Bechyné, 1956a: 243</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</treatmentCitation> +( +<typeStatus id="806526C387378003FDC6378E608253AF" box="[638,690,676,702]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus> +species +<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287378003FCAD378E66DA53AF" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[789,1258,676,702]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavolimbata"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387378003FCAD378E661F53AF" box="[789,1071,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diabrotica flavolimbata</emphasis> +Erichson, 1847 +</taxonomicName> +, by original designation). +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87378003FF05362263865262" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="5F61986187378003FF053622631F5233" blockId="20.[189,303,776,802]" box="[189,303,776,802]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +<heading id="04292F0D87378003FF053622631F5233" bold="true" box="[189,303,776,802]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3"> +<emphasis id="6DAA447387378003FF053622631F5233" bold="true" box="[189,303,776,802]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5F61986187378003FF05361C63865262" blockId="20.[189,1398,822,884]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087378003FF05361C63595240" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[189,361,822,849]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref41823" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1972. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Aulacphorina, Diabroticina. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa: 296 - 431. Pars 78, Fasc. 2 (Editio seconda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book" year="1972">Wilcox (1972)</bibRefCitation> +listed 51 species for this genus. They occur in North, Central, and South America. See +<figureCitation id="C7E584E487378003FF06367363755265" box="[190,325,857,884]" captionStart="Figs 73–81" captionStartId="79.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,264,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-65@79.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figs 73–81. Dorsal views. 73. Amphelasma cavum (Say, 1835). 74. Anisobrotica sp. 75. Paratriarius cruciatus (Jacoby, 1887). 76. Paratriarius sp. 77. Acalymma mysticum (Jacoby, 1887). 78. Acalymma gouldi Barber, 1947. 79. Ensiforma inflaticornis (Bechyné, 1956). 80. Pseudodiabrotica metallica Jacoby, 1892. 81. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222531/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 75–76</figureCitation> +, and 227. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file