From 1b0905888c15fc63d959e3820b22fdc5a14ed6b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Wed, 6 Nov 2024 17:41:02 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-06 17:35:58 --- .../E5/038FE5135520FFBCFCDEFB8CFACBF9F6.xml | 117 +++++++ .../E5/038FE5135520FFBCFF8EF9AEFBEEFBF6.xml | 205 ++++++++++++ .../E5/038FE5135527FFBCFC9EFBCCFEF6FA2B.xml | 269 +++++++++++++++ .../3C/396D3C09F924FD59F436FBD22D83293A.xml | 67 ++++ .../DB/3E2DDB79915EDA4389C67A4A16335E24.xml | 307 ++++++++++++++++++ .../28/916B2809FFEBAE2E5EB853D935D0FBAD.xml | 75 +++++ 6 files changed, 1040 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135520FFBCFCDEFB8CFACBF9F6.xml create mode 100644 data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135520FFBCFF8EF9AEFBEEFBF6.xml create mode 100644 data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135527FFBCFC9EFBCCFEF6FA2B.xml create mode 100644 data/39/6D/3C/396D3C09F924FD59F436FBD22D83293A.xml create mode 100644 data/3E/2D/DB/3E2DDB79915EDA4389C67A4A16335E24.xml create mode 100644 data/91/6B/28/916B2809FFEBAE2E5EB853D935D0FBAD.xml diff --git a/data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135520FFBCFCDEFB8CFACBF9F6.xml b/data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135520FFBCFCDEFB8CFACBF9F6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d9363d91af5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135520FFBCFCDEFB8CFACBF9F6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ + + + +Pleistocene lagomorphs from Cathedral Cave, Nevada + + + +Author + +Christopher + + + +Author + +Jass, N. + + + +Author + +Usa + + + +Author + +J. J. + + + +Author + +Usa + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2009 + +2009-06-22 + + +29 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + +journal article +0031-0298 + + + + + + +Brachylagus coloradoensis +Ramos 1999 + + + + +Referred Specimens +—See Appendix 1. + + + + +Description +—The +two specimens +identified as + +Brachylagus coloradoensis + +are similar to + +B. idahoensis + +, but both have a weakly developed posterointernal reentrant and a posteroexternal reentrant that extends only between one-third and two-thirds across the tooth ( +Fig. 4d +). As such, these specimens are consistent with those identified as + +B. coloradoensis + +from Porcupine Cave ( +Ramos, 1999b +). + + + + +Discussion +—Prior to this report, + +B. coloradoensis + +was known only from several localities of Irvingtonian or unknown age within Porcupine Cave ( +Ramos 1999b +, Barnosky 2004, +Barnosky and Hopkins 2004 +, +Baxter, 2004 +; age assignments from Barnosky et al. 2004). Its occurrence in Cathedral Cave extends both its geographic and chronologic ranges. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135520FFBCFF8EF9AEFBEEFBF6.xml b/data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135520FFBCFF8EF9AEFBEEFBF6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ea921579499 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135520FFBCFF8EF9AEFBEEFBF6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ + + + +Pleistocene lagomorphs from Cathedral Cave, Nevada + + + +Author + +Christopher + + + +Author + +Jass, N. + + + +Author + +Usa + + + +Author + +J. J. + + + +Author + +Usa + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2009 + +2009-06-22 + + +29 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + +journal article +0031-0298 + + + + + + +Brachylagus idahoensis +(Merriam, 1891) + + + + +Referred Specimens +—See Appendix 1. + + + + +Description +— +Three specimens +of + +Brachylagus idahoensis + +were identified from Cathedral Cave ( +Fig. 4c +). Two of the specimens retain simple anteroexternal reentrants and the trigonid and talonid are either completely (TMM 43693-1777), or nearly (TMM 43693-1776), separated by cementum. The extension of the anteroexternal folds across the tooth is characteristic of + +B. idahoensis +( +Ramos 1999b +) + +. Length and width of the p3s were: (TMM 43693-1777) - +l += +1.8 mm +, +w += +1.6 mm +; (43693-1776) - +l += +1.8 mm +, +w += +1.8 mm +. + + +A third p +3 specimen +(TMM 43693-1775) with a damaged occlusal surface that was also identified as + +Brachylagus idahoensis + +is unique. In ventral view, it has a posteroexternal reentrant that extends across two-thirds of the tooth, but exhibits an enamel lake in the position of a posterointernal reentrant. Because the joining of the posteroexternal reentrant with the enamel lake would result in a morphology more similar to + +B +. +idahoensis + +than + +B +. +coloradoensis + +(see below), the specimen is identified as the former. Further review of variation in the p3 enamel patterns of + +B. idahoensis + +is needed. + + + + + +Discussion— + +Brachylagus + + +is distinguished from most extant and fossil North American leporids by the lack of an anterior reentrant on the p3 ( +Kurtén and Anderson 1980 +, +Ramos 1999a +). The extinct genus + +Hypolagus + +is similar in some qualitative aspects to an extinct form of + +Brachylagus + +( + +B +. +coloradoensis + +) but is larger in size ( +Ramos 1999b +). Until recently, the genus + +Brachylagus + +was considered monotypic, with + +B +. +idahoensis + +as the only recognized species ( +Ramos 1999b +). + + +Fossils of + +Brachylagus idahoensis + +are known only from the western +United States +and most fall within or near the present distribution of the species ( +Kurtén and Anderson 1980 +). Exceptions are the records from Isleta Cave No. 2 and Sheep Camp Shelter in +New Mexico +( +Harris 1993 +). The occurrence of + +B +. +idahoensis + +at Cathedral Cave was previously noted by +Ramos (1999b) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135527FFBCFC9EFBCCFEF6FA2B.xml b/data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135527FFBCFC9EFBCCFEF6FA2B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..362358c68b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8F/E5/038FE5135527FFBCFC9EFBCCFEF6FA2B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ + + + +Pleistocene lagomorphs from Cathedral Cave, Nevada + + + +Author + +Christopher + + + +Author + +Jass, N. + + + +Author + +Usa + + + +Author + +J. J. + + + +Author + +Usa + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2009 + +2009-06-22 + + +29 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + +journal article +0031-0298 + + + + + + +Aztlanolagus agilis +Russell and Harris, 1986 + + + + +Referred Specimens +—See Appendix 1. + + + + +Description +—The p3s of + +Aztlanolagus agilis + +are characterized by the presence of five reentrant folds ( +Fig. 4a +; +Russell and Harris 1986 +). No extant North American leporid retains this pattern, and among fossil taxa only + +Nekrolagus + +is similar ( +Russell and Harris 1986 +). All specimens identified as + +A. agilis + +exhibit a strongly developed anterointernal fold and a well-developed posterointernal fold ( +Fig. 4b +) or lake. The presence of a strongly developed anterointernal fold on the p3 distinguishes + +A +. +agilis + +from + +Nekrolagus + +, in which the fold is less developed or absent ( +Russell and Harris 1986 +). The degree of crenulation within individual folds varies among individual specimens from Cathedral Cave. +Table 1 +summarizes the number of major crenulations in the anteroexternal reentrant, along the posterior wall of the posterointernal reentrant, and along the posterior wall of the posteroexternal reentrant. For specimens of + +A +. +agilis + +from Cathedral Cave, the p3 average length is +2.40 mm +(n = 25; SD = 0.23; range = 1.7–2.8) and average width is +2.29 mm +(n = 25; SD = 0.34; range = 1.2–2.8). These are slightly larger than average measurements recorded by +Winkler and Tomida (1988) +for other localities in the southwestern +United States +. + + + + +Figure 3. +The p3 of + +Ochotona + +from Cathedral Cave. +A +. Occlusal pattern and terminology discussed in text; +B +. Left p3 (TMM 43693-1814) of + +Ochotona +sp. + +from Cathedral Cave; +C +. Right p3 of + +Ochotona +sp. + +exhibiting a fourth reentrant fold (TMM 43693- 1856). Scale bar equals 1 mm. + + + + + +Discussion— + +Aztlanolagus + + +is known from Blancan to late Rancholabrean deposits in the western +United States +and +Mexico +. Records other than Cathedral Cave come from localities within Porcupine Cave, CO ( +Barnosky and Hopkins 2004 +, +Baxter 2004 +), and localities in northern +Mexico +, New +Mexico +, Arizona, and Texas ( +Russell and Harris 1986 +, +Winkler and Tomida 1988 +). Although +Winkler and Tomida (1988) +tentatively referred all specimens that they examined to + +A. agilis, +Baxter (2004) + +reported Porcupine Cave specimens as + +Aztlanolagus +spp. + +because of variation in tooth size and crenulation patterns. + + + +Figure 4. +Leporid teeth from Cathedral Cave. +A +. Enamel pattern and terminology for the p3; +B +. Right p3 of + +Aztlanolagus agilis + +(TMM 43693-1750) from Cathedral Cave; +C +. Left p3 + + +of + +Brachylagus idahoensis + +(TMM 43693-1777) from Cathedral Cave; +D +. Right p3 of + +Brachylagus coloradoensis + +(TMM 43693- 1774) from Cathedral Cave. Scale bars equal 1 mm. + + + + +Aztlanolagus + +might be synonymous with + +Pliopentalagus + +, an extinct leporid known mostly from +China +that has five reentrant folds on the p3 ( +Tomida and Jin 2002 +, +2004 +). However, until the argument for synonymy is formalized, + +Aztlanolagus + +should be retained. Taxonomic issues notwithstanding, the disappearance of + +A. agilis + +is one of the few known late Quaternary small mammal extinctions in continental North America. + + + +The records of + +Aztlanolagus agilis + +from +Cathedral Cave +presented here represent its first known occurrence in the Great Basin. The only other specimen known from the Great Basin is unnumbered in bulk material from +Smith Creek Cave +, +Nevada +, housed at the +Nevada State +Museum (Jass +personal observation +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/39/6D/3C/396D3C09F924FD59F436FBD22D83293A.xml b/data/39/6D/3C/396D3C09F924FD59F436FBD22D83293A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..59b60b0d616 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/39/6D/3C/396D3C09F924FD59F436FBD22D83293A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ + + + +Herpetocetine (Cetacea: Mysticeti) dentaries from the Upper Miocene Santa Margarita Sandstone of Central California + + + +Author + +Robert + + + +Author + +Boessenecker, W. + + + +Author + +Mt + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2011 + +2011-02-18 + + +30 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + +journal article +0031-0298 + + + + + +ORDER: +CETACEA Brisson 1762 + + + + + + +SUBORDER: MYSTICETI +Flower 1864 + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/3E/2D/DB/3E2DDB79915EDA4389C67A4A16335E24.xml b/data/3E/2D/DB/3E2DDB79915EDA4389C67A4A16335E24.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..96ef077f56f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3E/2D/DB/3E2DDB79915EDA4389C67A4A16335E24.xml @@ -0,0 +1,307 @@ + + + +The earliest North American record of the Antilocapridae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) + + + +Author + +Brian + + + +Author + +Larry, L. Beatty + + + +Author + +Martin, D. + + + +Author + +Ny + + + +Author + +Ks + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2009 + +2009-06-22 + + +29 + + +1 + + +29 +35 + + + +journal article +0031-0298 + + + + + +FAMILY + +ANTILOCAPRIDAE +Gray, 1866 + +GENUS: indeterminate + + + + + +Figure 1. +Stratigraphy of the Harrison Formation of the Niobrara Valley (drawn by D. A. Yatkola, previously unpublished). Note location of Ellicott Ranch Local fauna in Section 2. + + + + +Referred material +— +KUVP +48020, a partial left mandible. + + + + +Diagnosis +—Moderately hypsodont selenodont lower molars with small ectostylids, but lacking other accessory features (such as metastylids found in later + +Paracosoryx + +). Length of m2 = +6.8 mm +, width = +5.73 mm +(N=1). The hypoconulid of the m3 has a sulcus on the posterolabial aspect, extending dorsoventrally for the entire exposed length. + + + + +Comments +—The only antilocaprid yet known from the Arikareean. Taxonomic assignment is provisional pending revision of the +Merycodontinae +. + + +DESCRIPTION +Mandible and dentition +KUVP 48020 ( +Figs. 2–4 +) is a partial mandible with all + + +three molars intact and fully erupted. Except for the broken distal root of the p4, the mandible anterior to the first molar is missing. The body of the mandible immediately below the teeth is complete and the inferior beginning of the ramus is preserved. Nothing remains of the angle of the mandible, the coronoid process or the mandibular condyle posteriorly, though the mandibular foramen is preserved. The depth of the mandible below the m2 = +11 mm +. It steadily increases to +19mm +at the level of the m3 hypoconulid, most likely to accommodate a more hypsodont m3. Other merycodontines, such as + +Paracosoryx + +, maintain a roughly uniform mandibular depth along these teeth, suggesting that this Arikareean merycodontine had slightly more hypsodont m3s or an enlarged site of attachment for the masseter and/or medial pterygoid muscles, or both. + +The dentition is in an advanced, but not senescent stage of wear, with all dentine lakes connected, including that of the hypoconulid. The infundibulum of the m1 is nearly worn away, and if there was an infundibulum of the m3 hypoconulid, it is now missing. All that remains of the p4 is part of the distal root in the broken end of the mandibular body. + + +Figures 2–4. +KUVP 48020. +2. +left labial view. +3. +occlusal (dorsal) view. +4. +right lingual view. + + + +Unlike + +Merycodus +, KUVP + +48020 possesses ectostylids on the lower m1 and m2 (this region in the m3 is covered in calculus). Unlike + +Paracosoryx + +, it does not have any metastylids. An apomorphic feature of KUVP 48020 is the hypoconulid of the m3. A shallow vertical groove on its postero-labial edge makes the hypoconulid C-shaped in cross section (visible in occlusal view). Due to the advanced stage of wear, it is uncertain whether this hypoconulid was one solid cusp or a double posterior lobe. Because this shallow vertical groove is on the labial aspect, it differs from both conditions (open and closed) of the posterior lobe +sensu +Janis and Scott (1987) +. This posterolabial groove of the m3 hypoconulid is not reported in + +Paracosoryx + +or + +Merycodus +( +Janis and Manning 1998 +) + +, and is not present in any specimens identified as such in the AMNH collections. + + +Comparisons + +Differentiating this mandible from other Late Arikareean artiodactyls of similar size is difficult, particularly because many taxa within this size range lack both cranial appendages and well-diagnosed dental characteristics. Future studies of intraspecific variation from large samples of these relatively smaller artiodactyls may better clarify their range of variation. The combination of dental characteristics and mandibular depth preserved in KUVP 48020 is not found in other contemporaneous selenodont artiodactyl groups, including gelocids, leptomerycids, hypertragulids, moschids and camelids. + +The Family +Gelocidae +is typically characterized by an anterior cingulum on the lower molars ( +Janis and Scott 1987 +) and brachydont lower molars ( +Métais and Vislobokova 2007 +). Like KUVP 48020, gelocids lack metastylids, although this is where the similarities end. Gelocids have only a remnant of a paraconid present, crowded metaconids and entoconids and a trace of the + +Dorcatherium + +fold ( +Métais and Vislobokova 2007 +). + +Pseudoceras + +, the only known North American gelocid ( +Frick 1937 +, +Webb and Perrigo 1984 +), differs from KUVP +48020 in +having a posteriorly directed metaconid and a hypoconid enclosing a narrow fossettid ( +Métais and Vislobokova 2007 +). + + +Leptomerycids are perhaps the best candidate outside of merycodontines for the placement of KUVP 48020 based primarily on size and the lack of distinctive lower molar characters, although their mandibular ramus depth is much less. + +Pronodens + +is larger than KUVP 48020 with broader lower molars (molar width +holotype +m2 = +7.2 mm +) ( +Koerner 1940 +, +Métais and Vislobokova 2007 +). + + +The hypertragulids, including + +Hypertragulus + +and + +Nanotragulus + +, share one feature with KUVP 48020: an enlarged masseteric fossa and mandibular angle ( +Frick 1937 +). Though the mandibular angle is not preserved in KUVP 48020, the posterior portion of the inferior rim of the mandibular ramus preserves the ventral projection of the most anterior part of an enlarged masseteric fossa. This ventral projection can be seen in + +Hypertragulus + +as well, though it should be noted that hypertragulids (including the +holotype +of + +Hypertragulus +, AMNH + +6815) otherwise differ from KUVP +48020 in +having brachydont lower molars with a shallow mandibular ramus depth. Also, + +Hypertragulus + +has prominent anterior cingula as well as accessory cuspids, unlike KUVP 48020 ( +Vislobokova 1998 +, +Webb 1998 +, +Métais and Vislobokova 2007 +). + + +The only members of the +Moschidae +that immigrated to North America were the Blastomerycinae, which consist of six genera ( +Prothero 2007 +). Unlike gelocids and KUVP 48020, moschid lower molars have metastylids like + +Paracosoryx + +. Unlike moschids, antilocaprid metaconid crests (including that of + +Paracosoryx + +and KUVP 48020) are not anteriorly directed to meet the paraconid crest ( +Webb 1998 +). + + +KUVP 48020 can be differentiated from camelids in general because it lacks the labial ribs and entostylids of the postcanine dentition that are considered characteristic of the +Camelidae +. Of the stenomylines, + +Stenomylus + +is the only known Arikareean taxon, and although its molars are also hypsodont, the m3s of stenomyline camels are characteristically extremely elongated anteroposteriorly ( +Honey et al. 1998 +), which KUVP 48020 is not. The protolabine camelid + +Michenia + +is known from this time period, but is differentiated from KUVP 48020 by its more slender mandibular ramus and larger teeth (length of m2 = +16–24.8 mm +) ( +Frick and Taylor 1971 +, +Honey et al. 1998 +). + + +Lastly, KUVP 48020 is differentiated from the contemporary ruminant, + +Delahomeryx + +, on the basis of molar morphology. The dentition of + +Delahomeryx + +is larger than KUVP 48020 ( + +Delahomeryx + +m2 length +14.4 mm +). The entoconid overlaps the hypoconulid and the protocone has unusual intercolumnar tubercles ( +Stevens et al. 1969 +), unlike KUVP 48020. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/91/6B/28/916B2809FFEBAE2E5EB853D935D0FBAD.xml b/data/91/6B/28/916B2809FFEBAE2E5EB853D935D0FBAD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3b7e0042dc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/91/6B/28/916B2809FFEBAE2E5EB853D935D0FBAD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ + + + +A new immigrant mustelid (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the middle Miocene Temblor Formation of central California + + + +Author + +Tseng, Zhijie Jack + + + +Author + +Wang, Xiaoming + + + +Author + +Stewart, J. D. + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2009 + +2009-06-22 + + +29 + + +1 + + +13 +23 + + + + +https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gj4j3z2 + +journal article +10.5070/P9291021804 +0031-0298 +14047117 + + + + + +FAMILY: + +MUSTELIDAE +Fischer de Waldheim 1817 + + + + + + + +SUBFAMILY: MUSTELINAE +Fischer de Waldheim 1817 + + + + + \ No newline at end of file