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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bee49e3-7184-47ae-8c81-8087c21739a6" ID-PMC="PMC5539366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-661-15" ID-PubMed="28769602" ID-ZBK="7ADEBBF244A04276AB7D1EB2BBFD8953" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-661-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 661" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore" checkinTime="1489572793026" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lin, Yucheng, Koh, Joseph K. H., Koponen, Seppo &amp; Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2017" docId="C2E14DABB4BA913957984550D49D7B90" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 661: 15-60" docOrigin="ZooKeys 661" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677" docTitle="Ablemma malacca Lin &amp; Li, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4404C598-0F48-44E6-A95D-8B8A1D05DFA8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="D064C572FFEFFFD88F28FFD23F2FFFDE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668164295527" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lin, Yucheng</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Koh, Joseph K. H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Koponen, Seppo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>661</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>15</mods:start>
<mods:end>60</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-661-15</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">7ADEBBF244A04276AB7D1EB2BBFD8953</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7ADEBBF244A04276AB7D1EB2BBFD8953</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875392" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4404C598-0F48-44E6-A95D-8B8A1D05DFA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2E14DABB4BA913957984550D49D7B90" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4404C598-0F48-44E6-A95D-8B8A1D05DFA8" authority="Lin &amp; Li" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma malacca" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malacca">Ablemma malacca Lin &amp; Li</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="19">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 7, 8, 9
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Holotype ♂ (LKCNHM), SINGAPORE: Central Catchment Nature Reserve, altitude 60 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.3560278">1°21'21.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.801056">103°48'3.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 26 August 2015, S. Li and Y. Tong leg. Paratypes 1♂ and 2♀ (LKCNHM), same data as holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
1♂ and 1♀ (NHMSU), SINGAPORE: Central Catchment Nature Reserve, altitude 60 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.3560278">1°21'21.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.801056">103°48'3.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 26 August 2015, S. Li and Y. Tong leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">The specific epithet refers to the Strait of Malacca, which separates Singapore from the Indonesian island of Sumatra; noun.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
This new species can be distinguished from all its congeners with the exception of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma datahu" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="datahu">Ablemma datahu</taxonomicName>
Lehtinen, 1981,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma makiling" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makiling">Ablemma makiling</taxonomicName>
Lehtinen, 1981,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma shimojanai" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shimojanai">Ablemma shimojanai</taxonomicName>
(Komatsu, 1968),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma singalang" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singalang">Ablemma singalang</taxonomicName>
Lehtinen, 1981, and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma unicornis" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicornis">Ablemma unicornis</taxonomicName>
Burger, 2008 by the absence of a long, pointed tooth on male cephalic area posteriorly (Fig. 7E), the elongated palpal bulb (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
), and by the long, claviform inner vulval plate (Fig. 9C). It differs from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma datahu" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="datahu">Ablemma datahu</taxonomicName>
(see Lehtinen, 1981: 48, figs 176, 190, 196) and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma makiling" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makiling">Ablemma makiling</taxonomicName>
(see Lehtinen, 1981: 50, figs 192, 187) by the trifurcated embolic end (Fig. 8C) and the narrower, longer and straighter inner vulval plate (Fig. 9C); from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma shimojanai" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shimojanai">Ablemma shimojanai</taxonomicName>
(see Shear, 1978: 32, figs 82-87) by the lack of cheliceral horn and posteriorly cephalic process in male (Fig. 7E, G), the larger embolus (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
), the inner vulval plate with a bent end and the stouter lateral horns (Fig. 9C); from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma singalang" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singalang">Ablemma singalang</taxonomicName>
(see Lehtinen, 1981: 48, fig. 170) by the shorter, trifurcated embolus (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
); and from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma unicornis" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicornis">Ablemma unicornis</taxonomicName>
(see Burger, 2008b: 253, figs 1, 2, 5, 11, 13) by the higher cephalic process in male ocular area (Fig. 7E), the six eyes in both sexes (Fig. 7A, C), the longer embolus (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
) and the narrower base of inner vulval plate (Fig. 9C).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Figure 7.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma malacca" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malacca">Ablemma malacca</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male holotype (
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, E, G) and female paratype (
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
, F, H).
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
habitus
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
prosoma. A, C dorsal B, D ventral
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
anterior
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
lateral. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Male (holotype). Coloration: body brownish-yellow; legs yellowish-orange.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Measurements: total length 1.08; carapace 0.49 long, 0.44 wide, 0.47 high; abdomen 0.66 long, 0.50 wide, 0.40 high; clypeus 0.24 high; sternum 0.31 long, 0.30 wide. Length of legs: I 1.14 (0.39, 0.13, 0.28, 0.16, 0.18); II 1.01 (0.33, 0.12, 0.23, 0.16, 0.17); III 0.88 (0.28, 0.11, 0.18, 0.17, 0.14); IV 1.19 (0.37, 0.13, 0.30, 0.22, 0.17).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Prosoma (Fig. 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, E, G): carapace finely reticulated, margin rugose; eyes white, ALE&gt;PME&gt;PLE, ocular area protruded (Fig. 7E, G); clypeus very high, sloping forward, marginally rounded; cephalic part raised, flat top; thoracic part radial furrow distinctly smooth; chelicerae robust, with a small basal tuber and an anterodistal tooth (Fig. 7E), cheliceral lamina well developed; labium triangular, distally blunt; sternum finely reticulated, with sparse setae. Legs: cuticle striated; femur I slightly swollen, tibia I with a distal-laterally ventral tuber (Fig. 8A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Opisthosoma (Fig. 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, G): dorsal scutum oval, dimpled with tiny pits, smooth between the pits, covered with sparse setae; ventral scutum rugose; perigenital scutum absent; postepigastral scutum straight, nearly same width as preanal scutum; preanal scutum rectangular, with thick posterolateral corners.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Palp (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
): femoral cuticle sculptured and ventrally granulated, approximately 2 times longer than patella; tibia not swollen, with a distally dorsal trichobothrium; cymbium small, cup-shaped; bulb long pear-shaped, its surface smooth; spermatic duct basally broad, distally narrow; embolus short, foot-shaped, distally strongly sclerotized, and forming a trifurcated terminal.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma malacca" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malacca">Ablemma malacca</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male holotype. A left leg I, retrolateral B left palp, retrolateral Cditto, prolateral. Abbreviations: ep = embolic part of apes of palpal organ; sd = spermatic duct; sl = subterminal lamella. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="20" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
(one of paratypes). Coloration: same as in male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Measurements: total length 1.10; carapace 0.52 long, 0.42 wide, 0.42 high; abdomen 0.72 long, 0.54 wide, 0.42 high; clypeus 0.14 high; sternum 0.31 long, 0.31 wide. Length of legs: I 1.14 (0.38, 0.14, 0.25, 0.17, 0.20); II 1.00 (0.32, 0.13, 0.22, 0.16, 0.17); III 0.88 (0.26, 0.12, 0.17, 0.18, 0.15); IV 1.16 (0.36, 0.13, 0.29, 0.20, 0.18).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
Prosoma (Fig. 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
, F, H): clypeus lower than in male, smooth, bears sparse setae; ocular area not protruded; cephalic part lower than in male, palps reduced; other features as in male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
Opisthosoma (Figs 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
, H; 9
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
): dorsal and ventral scuta as in male; lateral scutum I long, extending beyond posterior rim of booklung cover; cover centrally smooth, laterally rugose; postgenital scutum narrow, slightly curved; perigenital scutum absent; preanal scutum rectangular, with sparse serrated setae and one posteromedial and two posterolateral corners.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
Genitalia (Fig. 9
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
): epigynal pit and vulval stem forming to an oval structure, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 9B, D); vulval duct and lateral horn weakly sclerotized, connected to the translucent, saccular seminal receptaculum (Fig. 9C); inner vulval plate long, distal end slightly bent (Fig. 9C); central process absent.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
Figure 9.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Ablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablemma malacca" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malacca">Ablemma malacca</taxonomicName>
sp. n., female paratype. A opisthosoma B genital area (untreated) C cleared vulva (lactic acid-treated) Dditto.
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, D ventral C dorsal. Abbreviations: A = anal plate; AV = anterior ventrolateral plate; EF = epigynal fold; EP = epigynal pit; IVP = inner vulval plate; LH = lateral horn; PA = preanal plate; PG = postgenital plate; PLC = posterolateral corner of PA; PMC = posteromedial corner of PA; SR = seminal receptaculum; VD = vulval duct; VS = vulval stem. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Singapore.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.1461" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c9c6f87-a2c4-45c8-a711-07bb60932b5c" ID-PMC="PMC3095130" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-95-29" ID-PubMed="21594068" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-95-29" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 95" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the stiletto fly genera Acupalpa Kröber and Pipinnipons Winterton (Diptera, Therevidae, Agapophytinae) using cybertaxonomic methods, with a key to Australasian genera" checkinTime="1451250455909" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shaun L., Winterton" docDate="2011" docId="C2E16EA0971A386F76D5381E3CEEA86C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 95: 29-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 95" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.1461" docTitle="Acupalpa semirufa Mann" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFEC260EF305FFF0FFB7FFABFFFB221F" masterDocTitle="Revision of the stiletto fly genera Acupalpa Kroeber and Pipinnipons Winterton (Diptera, Therevidae, Agapophytinae) using cybertaxonomic methods, with a key to Australasian genera" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668169158343" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of the stiletto fly genera Acupalpa Kroeber and Pipinnipons Winterton (Diptera, Therevidae, Agapophytinae) using cybertaxonomic methods, with a key to Australasian genera</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shaun L., Winterton</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>95</mods:number>
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<mods:start>29</mods:start>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159365063" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E16EA0971A386F76D5381E3CEEA86C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2E16EA0971A386F76D5381E3CEEA86C" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CF947CED-BCB0-4A62-AFDF-433DDBF3E1D3" authority="Mann" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Acupalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acupalpa semirufa" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirufa">Acupalpa semirufa Mann</taxonomicName>
Fig. 19
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Acupalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acupalpa semirufa" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirufa">Acupalpa semirufa</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Mann, JS" journalOrPublisher="Australian Zoologist" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" pagination="17 - 49" title="Revisional notes on Australian Therevidae. Part 2." volume="6" year="1929">Mann 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 27;
<bibRefCitation author="Irwin, ME" editor="Evenhuis NL (Ed) Catalog of Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian, regions" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Press" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" pagination="353 - 358" title="39. Family Therevidae." volume="86" volumeTitle="Bishop Museum Special Publication." year="1989">Irwin and Lyneborg 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 354 [catalogue];
<bibRefCitation author="Winterton, SL" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" pagination="225 - 240" title="Phylogenetic revision of Acupalpa Kroeber (Diptera: Therevidae)." url="doi:10.1163/187631200X00417" volume="31" year="2000">Winterton 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 237;
<bibRefCitation author="Winterton, SL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" pagination="173 - 211" title="Phylogenetic revision of Agapophytinae subf. n. (Diptera: Therevidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence." url="doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00142.x" volume="26" year="2001">Winterton et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 210.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="51" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
Holotype male, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Blackheath, Hardy[not examined-location unknown]. Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Queensland:
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Allotype’">'Allotype'</normalizedToken>
female, Bribie Island, 12.ix.1918, H. Hacker (MEI029439) (QM). New South Wales: 2 females, Sydney, Manly, 20.xi.1923 (MEI108786, 108787) (QM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Frons profile concave above antenna; antenna dark; scutum dark; pleuron black; wing dark banded; femora orange to yellow; tibia yellow, darker distally; abdomen black with segments 2-3 yellow-orange, overlain with silver velutum in male.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
Body length= 6.0-9.0 mm. Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile transversely concave above antennae, pubescence as silver patches along eye margin, sparse silver-grey dorsally, frontal vestiture as small dark setae,
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="52" start="start">surface</pageBreakToken>
texture verrucous; face projecting anteriorly with dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts short (approximately equal to head length), or elongate, projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black, acuminate; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape brown, length shorter than flagellum, scape with pale setae ventrally, shorter dark setae dorsally; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum uniform grey-black or light grey to black, setal bases glossy black; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings dark, banded infuscate; haltere knob white, dark basally; coxae black; femora orange or yellow; tibia yellow-orange, darker distally; basitarsi yellow-orange, rest black, fore-basitarsus white distally, 2nd tarsomere basally. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1. Abdomen. Segment 2 in male, or segments 2-3 in female orange with black medial patch, rest of segments black, silver velutum dorsally on tergites (male) or absent (female); terminalia pale.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
Figure 19.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Acupalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acupalpa semirufa" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirufa">Acupalpa semirufa</taxonomicName>
Mann, male, anterolateral view [576257]. Body length = 7.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="52" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Acupalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acupalpa semirufa" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirufa">Acupalpa semirufa</taxonomicName>
is a common species in south-eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales. It is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Acupalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acupalpa divisa" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">Acupalpa divisa</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Acupalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acupalpa yalgoo" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yalgoo">Acupalpa yalgoo</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but can be differentiated easily from the former by the orange leg colour (black in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Acupalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acupalpa divisa" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">Acupalpa divisa</taxonomicName>
) and from the latter by the projecting face (rounded in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Acupalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acupalpa yalgoo" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yalgoo">Acupalpa yalgoo</taxonomicName>
sp. n.) and two wing bands (single band in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Acupalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acupalpa yalgoo" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yalgoo">Acupalpa yalgoo</taxonomicName>
sp. n.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

139
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.290.4696" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79293d2e-63eb-45b4-bf90-77bc6b99e505" ID-PMC="PMC3677294" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-290-39" ID-PubMed="23794858" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-290-39" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 290" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Bolbochromus Boucomont (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae) from Southeast Asia" checkinTime="1451247402320" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih, Krikken, Jan &amp; Wang, Chuan-Chan" docDate="2013" docId="C2E179F649AB3C955CD45E9273A6C442" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 290: 39-54" docOrigin="ZooKeys 290" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.290.4696" docTitle="Bolbochromus Boucomont 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFD9FFEFFFC111494C2FFF81FF81FFEF" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Bolbochromus Boucomont (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae) from Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668155679268" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Three new species of Bolbochromus Boucomont (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae) from Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Chun-Lin</mods:namePart>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="42" start="start">Genus</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Bolbochromus" authority="Boucomont, 1909" authorityName="Boucomont" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbochromus Boucomont, 1909</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbochromus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Boucomont, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" pagination="116 - 118" title="Notes sur quelques sous-genres de Bolboceras [Col.,] et description d'un sous-genre nouveau." volume="10" year="1909">Boucomont 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 117. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolboceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolboceras laetus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">Bolboceras laetus</taxonomicName>
Westwood, 1852, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation author="Paulian, R" journalOrPublisher="Premiere partie. Librairie Larose, Paris" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" title="Faune de l'Empire Francais III Coleopteres Scarabeides de l'Indochine." year="1945">Paulian 1945</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
The following generic description is primarily based on the examination of continental
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbochromus</taxonomicName>
species. Length 5.8-13.0 mm. Dorsum glossy, color black to dark reddish brown, usually with brownish yellow or reddish brown markings on surface of pronotum and elytron varying in number, size and shape inter/intraspecifically. Head: Surface overall coarsely punctate. Clypeus with anterior border transversely arcuate or subtrapezoid with lateral border rounded; anterior margin unarmed or with tubercles/horns varying in number (1 or 3) and size. Frontal horn small to reduced. Antennal club with first antennomere mostly glabrous and polished on inner side; club ovoid in shape, apparently decreased in size apically, club segments slightly curved outwardly. Eye small in dorsal view, canthus broadened, rounded at anterior margin, entirely dividing eye into dorsal and ventral parts, ventral part larger than dorsal part. Thorax: Pronotum unarmed or with small anterior discal quadrituberculate carina; surface unevenly punctate, punctures usually large, deeply impressed at sides; form generally widest at middle, disc vaulted, apical declivity steep or gradually declined anteriorly; midline usually distinctly indented and punctate; lateral fovea poorly to moderately developed; anterior margin evenly arcuate; basal margin not beaded at middle. Middle coxae narrowly separated by metasternal process. Elytron: With 7 or 5 punctate striae between suture and humeral umbone, first stria curving along side of scutellum and reaching elytral base with first interval tapering basally; stria 5 not reaching base of elytron or vanishing together with stria 2 when intervals 2, 3 and 5, 6 fused completely; disc with 7, 5 or 3 impunctate intervals between suture and humeral umbone, longitudinally convex in varying degree, interval 2 usually more flat and narrower than others, interval 5 and 6 fused at base. Legs: Protibia with 6-10 contiguous teeth on outer margin. Male genitalia: Overall unevenly sclerotized, complex. Parameres symmetrically elongate or capsule-like in shape, membranous or well sclerotized laterally with median membranous parts, usually longer than basal piece, surface sparsely punctate, glabrous or setose with varying length of setae, apex usually rounded, in some species curved ventrally. Median lobe well developed, degree of sclerotization usually stronger than parameres, mostly trilobate and significantly varying in shape by species, trilobate median lobe consisting of dorsal sclerite and paired lateral sclerites articulated by paired supporting sclerites at base, lateral sclerites connected laterobasally to parameres. Internal sac embedded in median lobe, unarmed and hardly visible. Temones paired, tapered apically with articulation to base of median lobe, greatly varying in length, shape and degree of sclerotization interspecifically. Basal piece unevenly sclerotized, apical portion usually asymmetrical in shape. Genital capsule well developed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="43" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbochromus</taxonomicName>
species shows little sexual dimorphism as compared with species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbelasmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbelasmus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbelasmus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbocerosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbocerosoma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbocerosoma</taxonomicName>
. The latter two genera have their major sexual dimorphisms in the frontal and pronotal protrusions. In contrast, the shape of frontal and pronotal protrusions in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbochromus</taxonomicName>
species is identical between males and females. Both sexes in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbochromus</taxonomicName>
species have slight morphological differences in the anterior margin of the labrum, the secondary punctures on the pronotal disc, and the apical tooth of the protibia, thus making it difficult to separate males and females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="key to males of bolbochromus species occurring in indochina and the malay peninsula">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
Key to males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbochromus</taxonomicName>
species occurring in Indochina and the Malay Peninsula
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus lao" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lao">Bolbochromus lao</taxonomicName>
</td>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus masumotoi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masumotoi">Bolbochromus masumotoi</taxonomicName>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus laetus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">Bolbochromus laetus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Bolbochromus minutus</taxonomicName>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus nomurai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nomurai">Bolbochromus nomurai</taxonomicName>
</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbochromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolbochromus malayensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">Bolbochromus malayensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3YHJ" ID-ENA="30220" LSID="C2E1AC99-0EB0-5886-AE9D-3D1CD54F21D2" authority="Holmgren, 1859" authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymodusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cymodusa Holmgren, 1859</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymodusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cymodusa</taxonomicName>
Holmgren, 1859:327. Type-species:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymodusa leucocera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocera">Cymodusa leucocera</taxonomicName>
Holmgren.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Eyes with setae. Inner margins of eyes weakly indented opposite antennal socket. Face strongly convergent ventrally (especially in female). Mandible short, lower edge with a narrow flange, or as a high carina; upper tooth usually as long as lower tooth. Malar space very short, or absolutely wanting in female. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete. Propodeal spiracle circular. Glymma absent. Ovipositor stout, compressed, almost straight.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

63
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="391911CC4FE4E8777E5140F1352A5E02" ID-CoL="7P3LR" LSID="C2E1EA37-309C-5650-859D-B82E0EB16BDB" authority="Thomas &amp; J. L. Barnard, 1986" authorityName="Thomas &amp; J. L. Barnard" authorityYear="1986" class="Malacostraca" family="Megaluropidae" genus="Gibberosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gibberosus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gibberosus Thomas &amp; J.L. Barnard, 1986</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="0014620E5048F4B793A985674A6008CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="249">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5CEF4CA6FEC52402BA7D510EE6CA58BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="249">Head rostrum short; ocular lobe with acute cusp. Antenna 1 accessory flagellum 2-articulate. Gnathopod 2 merus with large distal lobe. Uropod 1 peduncle with interramal tooth. Telson with long spines.</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>