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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.295.4905" ID-GBIF-Dataset="59cbf2a9-41ca-4f5a-a350-ef034991798b" ID-PMC="PMC3677376" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-295-1" ID-PubMed="23794874" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-295-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 295" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Middle American clade of the ant genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" checkinTime="1451247354359" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Branstetter, Michael G." docDate="2013" docId="C281511B810932DB57E8FC7FE8A30050" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 295: 1-277" docOrigin="ZooKeys 295" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.295.4905" docTitle="Stenamma maximon Branstetter, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="FFB3D3328201C177FF99FFC5FFA8A72C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Middle American clade of the ant genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" masterLastPageNumber="277" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="138" updateTime="1668155749461" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
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||||
<mods:title>Revision of the Middle American clade of the ant genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
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||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Branstetter, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
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||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
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||||
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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||||
<mods:number>295</mods:number>
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||||
</mods:detail>
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||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>277</mods:end>
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||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.295.4905</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
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||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.295.4905</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-295-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152043620" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ED4A6E0D-05EF-4954-921E-9375046E8F0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C281511B810932DB57E8FC7FE8A30050" lastPageId="144" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ED4A6E0D-05EF-4954-921E-9375046E8F0F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="137" pageNumber="138" start="start">Stenamma</pageBreakToken>
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maximon
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</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="137" pageNumber="138">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Worker: Figures 115, 116; Queen: Figure 117; Map: Figure 118
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenamma</taxonomicName>
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mgb01 Branstetter, 2012: phylogeny.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
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Holotype worker. GUATEMALA: El Progresso, Cerro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pinalón">Pinalon</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.08654">15.08654°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.94445">89.94445°W</geoCoordinate>
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
50m, 2550m, 30 Apr 2009, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA, collection Wa-B-01-2-02) [USNM, specimen CASENT0604875]. Paratypes: same data as holotype but
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||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.08753">15.08753°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.94446">89.94446°W</geoCoordinate>
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
50m, 2550m, 30 Apr 2009 (LLAMA, Wa-B-01-2-38) [1w, CAS, CASENT0623344], [1w, EAPZ, CASENT0623345], [1w, ECOSCE, CASENT0623346], [1w, FMNH, CASENT0623347], [1w, ICN, CASENT0623348], [1w, INBio, CASENT0623349], [1w, JTLC, CASENT0623350], [1w, LACM, CASENT0623351], [1w, MGBPC, CASENT0623352], [1w, MCZ, CASENT0623353], [1w, MZSP, CASENT0623354], [1w, UCD, CASENT0623355], [1w, UNAM, CASENT0623356], [1w, UVGC, CASENT0623357];
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.0835">15.08350°N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.95319">89.95319°W</geoCoordinate>
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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55m, 2500m, 2 May 2009 (LLAMA, Wm-B-01-2-02) [1dq, 2w, USNM, CASENT0623358, CASENT0623359, CASENT0623360].
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="worker diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Worker diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
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Integument mostly black, or dark brown to brown; medium-sized species (see HL, ML, PrW below); basal margin of mandible usually sinuous, with a distinct basal depression, but without a basal tooth (rarely basal margin appearing nearly straight); anterior clypeal margin undulating, with 2-4 distinct to somewhat blunt teeth; face sculpture variable, usually mostly smooth and shiny, with, at most, faint carinulae extending to about
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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||||
the distance to posterior margin of head, but some populations with face mostly rugoreticulate, with only area around posterior margin becoming smooth; pronotum sculpture variable, usually mostly smooth and shiny, but sometimes with some longitudinal rugulae on humeri, remainder of mesosoma with rugulae and punctae; postpetiole bulging, appearing distinctly larger than petiolar node (PPH/PH 0.96-1.14; PW/PPW 0.65-0.78); eye of moderate size (EL 0.11-0.16, REL 16-22), oval-shaped, with 6-8 ommatidia at greatest diameter (rarely 9 or 10); propodeal spines usually tuberculate, or at least forming a sharp angle, but sometimes forming a blunt angle, or becoming more developed, short (PSL 0.07-0.12, PSI 1.0-2.0). Similar species:
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma crypticum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Stenamma crypticum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma huachucanum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huachucanum">Stenamma huachucanum</taxonomicName>
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,
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||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma ochrocnemis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochrocnemis">Stenamma ochrocnemis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="geographic range">
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<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Geographic range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Southern Mexico to Honduras.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="worker description">
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<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Worker description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">(23 measured) HL 0.67-0.86 (0.79), HW 0.57-0.76 (0.68), FLD 0.16-0.21 (0.19), PCW 0.02-0.0.05 (0.04), SL 0.53-0.74 (0.68), EL 0.11-0.16 (0.12), ACL 0.49-0.65 (0.59), ML 0.84-1.09 (1.02), PrW 0.39-0.50 (0.46), PSL 0.07-0.12, SDL 0.06-0.09, PL 0.29-0.38 (0.37), PH 0.19-0.24 (0.23), PW 0.15-0.19 (0.18), PPL 0.21-0.27 (0.24), PPH 0.20-0.25 (0.25), PPW 0.22-0.27 (0.26), MFL 0.57-0.82 (0.76), MTL 0.48-0.65 (0.61), CI 83-93 (85), SI 80-101 (100), REL 16-22 (18), FLI 25-30 (28), PSI 1.0-2.0 (1.1), MFI 89-108 (89), ACI1 66-70 (68), ACI2 85-96 (88).</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
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<pageBreakToken pageId="138" pageNumber="139" start="start">Medium-sized</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
species; general body color mostly black, or dark brown to brown, with appendages dark brown to orange-brown, lighter at joints and toward extremities; setae golden brown; mandible with 6-8 teeth (usually 7), consisting of 3 distinct
|
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<pageBreakToken pageId="139" pageNumber="140" start="start">apical</pageBreakToken>
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||||
teeth, a basal tooth, and 2-4 smaller teeth/denticles, which are often worn and indistinct; basal margin of mandible usually sinuous, with a distinct basal depression, but without a basal tooth, sometimes basal margin only slightly sinuous or nearly straight; mandible often mostly smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae and some striations (type population), but sometimes surface completely carinulate, with carinulae extending from base to near teeth; anterior clypeal margin forming 2-4 distinct to somewhat blunt teeth, outer teeth often larger and sharper than inner teeth (best viewed in anterodorsal view); median clypeal lobe with a pair of faint longitudinal carinulae, apex of lobe with a short transverse carinula, remainder of clypeus mostly smooth and shiny; area in between median lobe of clypeus and anterior clypeal margin forming a distinct cavity where mandibles insert; posterior extension of clypeus between antennal insertions of moderate width (PCW 0.02-0.0.05), with sides subparallel to slightly hour-glass-shaped; frontal lobes of moderate width (FLD 0.16-0.21, FLI 25-30), not greatly covering torular lobes in full-face view; head roughly oval-shaped (CI 83-93), with posterior margin flat to slightly depressed mesad; face sculpture variable, usually mostly smooth and shiny (type population), with, at most, faint carinulae extending to about
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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||||
the distance to posterior margin of head, but some populations with face mostly rugoreticulate, with only area around posterior margin becoming smooth; scape of moderate length (SI 80-101), reaching posterior margin of head when laid back; scape surface mostly smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae; flagellum with a distinct 4-segmented antennal club; pronotum and mesonotal dorsum sculpture variable, usually mostly smooth and shiny, but sometimes with longitudinal rugulae on humeri, remainder of mesosoma mostly sculptured (contrast between smooth pronotum, and sculptured mesonotum, mesopleuron, and propodeum distinctive); mesopleuron mostly punctate, with a few rugulae; side of propodeum with rugulae and some faint punctae; dorsum and declivity of propodeum with variable number of transverse carinulae; promesonotum in profile low-domed, and roughly symmetrical, but anterior declivity sometimes more sharply angled than posterior face (type population); metanotal groove in profile well-demarcated, anterior slope often smoothly transitioning with promesonotum; propodeal spines usually tuberculate (type population), or at least forming sharp angles, but sometimes forming blunt angles, or more developed and short (PSL 0.07-0.12, PSI 1.0-2.0); petiole of moderate length (PL/HW 0.46-0.56), with peduncle thick, often with anteroventral edge sharp; petiolar node in profile somewhat small (PH/PL 0.58-0.68), wedge-shaped, with anterior face longer and more sloping than almost vertical posterior face, dorsum of node rounded, and distinctly pointed posteriad; postpetiole bulging, globular, appearing distinctly larger than petiolar node (PPH/PH 0.96-1.14; PW/PPW 0.65-0.78), anterior face of node much longer than posterior face; petiolar and postpetiolar nodes mostly smooth and shiny, remaining waist surfaces punctate, with a few rugulae around bases of nodes; gaster smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae; pilosity on face short, with a layer of sparse suberect setae, and a denser layer of decumbent setae, remainder of body dorsum with longer standing pilosity; pilosity on gastral dorsum usually distinctly bilayered, with a layer of longer suberect to subde
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<pageBreakToken pageId="140" pageNumber="141" start="start">cumbent</pageBreakToken>
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setae, and a layer of shorter decumbent setae, both layers similar in density; setae on scape and legs mostly decumbent to appressed, with some longer suberect setae on femoral venters and coxae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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Figure 115.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
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holotype worker (CASENT0604875) A Profile B Face C Dorsum D Anterior clypeal margin in anterodorsal view E Gaster.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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Figure 116.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
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worker variants. Face, profile, and dorsal views
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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Variant 1 (CASENT0605136)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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Type form (CASENT0605089)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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Variant 2 (CASENT0605448)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
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Variant 3 (CASENT0623062).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="queen description">
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Queen description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">(10 measured) HL 0.73-0.84 (0.84), HW 0.67-0.76 (0.76), FLD 0.19-0.23 (0.23), PCW 0.03-0.06 (0.06), SL 0.57-0.71 (0.71), EL 0.19-0.22 (0.22), ACL 0.47-0.62 (0.62), ML 1.05-1.34 (1.34), PrW 0.56-0.74 (0.74), PSL 0.13-0.17 (0.14), SDL 0.09-0.10 (0.10), PL 0.37-0.47 (0.47), PH 0.23-0.27 (0.27), PW 0.19-0.22 (0.22), PPL 0.20-0.29 (0.27), PPH 0.24-0.30 (0.30), PPW 0.27-0.33 (0.33), MFL 0.63-0.84 (0.84), MTL 0.55-0.70 (0.70), CI 91-93 (91), SI 82-94 (94), REL 26-30 (29), FLI 27-30 (30), PSI 1.4-1.7 (1.4), MFI 90-108 (90), ACI1 64-68 (65), ACI2 76-93 (87).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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Same as worker except for standard queen modifications and as follows (comparison between worker and queen of type population form only): facial sculpture
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<pageBreakToken pageId="141" pageNumber="142" start="start">usually</pageBreakToken>
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more developed (carinulae/rugulae longer and more distinct); mesopleuron mostly smooth and shiny; propodeum with transverse carinulae that wrap around entire surface; lower layer of gastral setae more dense, almost pubescent; propodeal spines (compared to worker from same population) slightly longer, more developed (PSL 0.13-0.17, PSI 1.4-1.7).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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Figure 117.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
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queen (CASENT0604871) A Profile B Face C Dorsum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="male">
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<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
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is an inhabitant of high elevation wet forest habitats (e.g. cloud forest, wet oak forest, hardwood forest, wet oak-pine forest), ranging from approximately 1700-2800 m elevation. When present,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
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workers are one of the most common components of the leaf-litter microenvironment, with most collections of the species made by sifting leaf litter from the forest floor. It has been collected also fairly commonly at cookie baits, suggesting that workers do forage epigeically some of the time. This is not surprising since
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
|
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is a larger species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenamma</taxonomicName>
|
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. I have found only one nest of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
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, which was in a small log in leaf litter. A few stray workers have been collected also from underneath a rock. Given these observations, I would guess that
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
|
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nests in wood in the leaf litter and forages both within the leaf litter and sometimes above it.
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="143" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="comments">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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||||
The presence of a bulging postpetiole, a sinuous basal margin of the mandible, and a toothed anterior clypeal margin, makes
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
easily separable from most other
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenamma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
forms a complex of phenotypic variants (described below) and some populations lose the distinctiveness of the type population form and are more difficult to separate from similar species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Distinctive features of the type population form (Figures 115, 116) are indicated in the species description (see parenthetical comments). Most notable are the characters mentioned in the previous paragraph, combined with a mostly smooth head and promesonotum. This form occurs mainly at high elevation sites in Chiapas, Mexico, and throughout most of Guatemala. It co-occurs with variant 1 at several sites in Guatemala.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="142" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
Variant 1 (Figure 116
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) includes many populations in Guatemala and Honduras. Each is variable and some are intermediate in morphology between variant 1 and the type form. Variant 1 differs from the type form as follows: basal margin of mandible only slightly sinuous, without a distinct basal depression; teeth of anterior clypeal margin reduced, sometimes only two blunt middle teeth or undulations perceptible; face strongly sculptured with rugoreticulae and carinulae, only sometimes posterior
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||||
of head smooth; lateral margins of promesonotal dorsum with distinctive oblique carinulae/rugulae that cross from upper portion of pronotal side to dorsum, middle of promesonotum smooth; propodeal spines reduced to blunt angles. I have found variant 1 with the type form most often at the locality 5km SE Antigua in Guatemala. Figure 116
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
shows two specimens from this locality, with
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
corresponding to the type form. This sympatry suggests that the two forms are somewhat reproductively isolated from one another. I have not separated variant 1 as a distinct species, however, because some populations, especially in Honduras, appear intermediate in phenotype. The general pattern I see is that the type form occurs in Chiapas, Mexico, to Guate
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="142" pageNumber="143" start="start">mala</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
; variant 1 occurs in Guatemala, often in sympatry with the type form; and then populations in Honduras appear intermediate. I also see some similarity between variant 1 and certain populations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma crypticum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Stenamma crypticum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, perhaps indicating that these two species occasionally hybridize.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
Variant 2 (Figure 116
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) is known from a few collections made from the wet side of the Sierra Juarez Mountains in Oaxaca, Mexico. These specimens are larger than average, have short propodeal spines (longer than in type form), and have lighter brown-black body coloration.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="143" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
Variant 3 (Figure 116
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) is known from a single collection at 4.6km S Suchixtepec in Oaxaca, Mexico. It is similar to variant 2, except that the basal margin of the
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="143" pageNumber="144" start="start">mandible</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
is nearly straight and the anterior clypeal margin appears as a median emargination, without teeth. It is possible this variant is not conspecific with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but has evolved similar features due to convergence. I have not been able to test this hypothesis with molecular data, but it should be done.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="144" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="144" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
|
||||
EL SALVADOR: Santa Ana: Cerro Verde, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="13.827">13.827°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-86.631">86.631°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 1760m, 14 May 1971 (S. B. Peck); GUATEMALA: Chimaltenango: Finca Chincharas,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Suizo,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.79775">14.79775°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="90.9838">90.98380°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2490m, 17 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson); 3.8km NNE
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tecpán">Tecpan</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.7969">14.7969°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.9817">90.9817°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2500m, 17 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter);El Progresso: Cerro
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pinalón">Pinalon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.08654">15.08654°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.94445">89.94445°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2550m, 30 Apr 2009 (M. G. Branstetter); Guatemala: nr Las Nubes,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.53975">14.53975°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.34882">90.34882°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2050m, 18 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson); 7km ESE San
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Pinula,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.5392">14.5392°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.3493">90.3493°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2060m, 18 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter); Jalapa: Aldea Manzano, 1.8km WNW San
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||||
La Sierra,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.5048">14.5048°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.2561">90.2561°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 1990m, 18 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter); El Manzano,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.50476">14.50476°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.25613">90.25613°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2150m, 18 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson); 4km E Mataquescuintla,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.53329">14.53329°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.15314">90.15314°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2400m, 1 Jun 2009 (LLAMA); 4km E Mataquescuintla,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.52952">14.52952°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.14806">90.14806°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2600m, 1 Jun 2009 (LLAMA);5km ENE Mataquescuintla,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.5336">14.5336°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.1432">90.1432°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 255 0m, 5 Jul 2007 (J. L. Cozar); Huehuetenango: above Bojonal,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.53697">15.53697°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-91.98158">91.98158°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2350m, 16 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson); 3.3km WSW El
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.537">15.5370°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.9816">91.9816°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2350m, 16 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter); San Miguel Chicharro, 4km NNW El
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.5796">15.5796°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.9692">91.9692°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2100m, 16 Sep 2008 (L.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sáenz">Saenz</normalizedToken>
|
||||
); Quetzaltenango: Fuentes Georginas, 5.1km SW Santa Maria,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.7489">14.7489°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.4806">91.4806°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2500m, 13 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter);12km SE Zunil, NW face Cerro Zunil, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.7488">14.7488°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="91.48">91.4800°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,], 2700m, 28 May 1991 (R. S. Anderson); 12km SE Zunil, Fuentes Georginas, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.7488">14.7488°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.48">91.4800°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 2460m, 27 May 1991 (R. S. Anderson);
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quiché">Quiche</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: Laguna Danta,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.42729">15.42729°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.81689">90.81689°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2300m, 15 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson); 5.1km SE Los Encuentros,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.83598">14.83598°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-91.10867">91.10867°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2660m, 17 Sep 2008 (L.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sáenz">Saenz</normalizedToken>
|
||||
); 10km E Los Encuentros,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.83598">14.83598°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-91.10867">91.10867°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2620m, 17 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson); 1.4km SW Macalajau,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.4056">15.4056°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.8381">90.8381°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2360m, 15 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter); 3km S Joya Larga,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.40538">15.40538°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.83805">90.83805°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2350m, 15 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson);
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sacatepéquez">Sacatepequez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: 5km SE Antigua,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.53651">14.53651°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.6948">90.69480°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2150m, 10 Jun 2009 (LLAMA); 5km SE Antigua,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.52848">14.52848°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.68884">90.68884°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2350m, 10 Jun 2009 (LLAMA);5km SE Antigua,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.52357">14.52357°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.688">90.68800°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2470m, 11 Jun 2009 (LLAMA); Cerro Alux,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.61053">14.61053°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.64191">90.64191°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2190m, 9 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson); Cerro Carmona, 6km SE Antigua,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.5345">14.5345°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.6945">90.6945°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2180m, 9 Sep 2008 (L.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sáenz">Saenz</normalizedToken>
|
||||
); Guatemala City, Cerro Alux, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.6167">14.6167°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.6333">90.6333°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 2260m, 9 Jun 1991 (R. S. Anderson); San Marcos: 5.3km WSW San Marcos,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.9635">14.9635°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.8314">91.8314°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2520m, 11 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter); Zacapa: 14km NNE
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Teculután">Teculutan</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.1144">15.1144°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-89.6805">89.6805°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2270m, 6 Jul 2007 (M. G. Branstetter) HONDURAS:Comayagua: 10km E Comayagua,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.45976">14.45976°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-87.54591">87.54591°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2000m, 15 May 2010 (LLAMA); 12km ENE Comayagua,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.48045">14.48045°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-87.53238">87.53238°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2140m, 15 May 2010 (M. G. Branstetter); 18km ENE Comayagua, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="14.456">14.456°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-87.541">87.541°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 17 Jun 1994 (S. & J. Peck);Francisco
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morazán">Morazan</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: PN La Tigra, 3.6km SW San Juancito,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.2073">14.2073°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-87.0943">87.0943°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 25 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter);
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="144" pageNumber="145" start="start">23</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
km N Tegucigalpa, PN La Tigre, Esperanza Trail, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="14.181">14.181°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-87.09">87.090°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 15 Jul 1994 (S. B. Peck); Reserva Uyuca, 4.8km WNW Zamorano,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.02695">14.02695°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-87.07077">87.07077°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 1900m, 24 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter);Lempira: PN Celaque, 8.7km SW
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Graçias">Gracias</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.5588">14.5588°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-88.6612">88.6612°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2100m, 30 Sep 2008 (M. G. Branstetter); Ocotepeque: 13km E Nueva Ocotepeque,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.42478">14.42478°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-89.0606">89.0606°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2140m, 26 May 2010 (LLAMA); 13km E Nueva Ocotopeque,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.45697">14.45697°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.06849">89.06849°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2200m, 25 May 2010 (LLAMA); 13km E Nueva Ocotopeque,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.41807">14.41807°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.06915">89.06915°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2210m, 26 May 2010 (LLAMA);
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="MÉXICO">MEXICO</normalizedToken>
|
||||
:Chiapas: Cerro Huitepec (Pico), ca. 5km W San Cristobal, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.75">16.7500°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-92.6802">92.6802°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 2750m, 18 Sep 1991 (R. S. Anderson); Cerro de Tapalapa,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.18786">17.18786°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.12308">93.12308°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2260m, 28 May 2008 (R. S. Anderson); 5km NE Coapilla,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.17602">17.17602°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.13293">93.13293°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 1990m, 26 May 2008 (M. G. Branstetter); 7.3km NE Coapilla,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.1826">17.1826°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-93.1182">93.1182°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2200m, 12 Jul 2007 (M. G. Branstetter); Huitepec, S.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.75018">16.75018°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.68331">92.68331°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2480m, 29 May 2008 (LLAMA); 7.4km SSW Montozintla de Mendoza, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.3049">15.3049°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-92.2597">92.2597°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 2000m, 17 Sep 1992 (R. S. Anderson); Reserva Huitepec,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.7448">16.7448°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-92.6885">92.6885°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2600m, 11 Jul 2007 (J. Longino); 5km W San Cristobal, Cerro Huitepec,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.75">16.75000°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.68023">92.68023°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2700m, 14 Sep 1992 (R. S. Anderson); 15km E San
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.74713">16.74713°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.49002">92.49002°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2500m, 29 May 2008 (LLAMA); 4km N Union Juarez, Volcan Tacana, lower slopes, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="15.333">15.333°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-92.1">92.100°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 2000m, 20 Sep 1992 (R. S. Anderson); Oaxaca: 5.1km S Suchixtepec, [ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.0833">16.0833°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-96.4667">96.4667°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], 2150m, 25 Jul 1992 (R. S. Anderson); 27km SW Valle Nacional,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.59582">17.59582°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.47572">96.47572°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2290m, 11 Aug 2009 (M. G. Branstetter).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
|
||||
Figure 118. Distribution map of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma maximon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximon">Stenamma maximon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
99
data/C2/81/89/C28189C17BA717C190D1B7D090965075.xml
Normal file
99
data/C2/81/89/C28189C17BA717C190D1B7D090965075.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="7A35F485718A02D042F83EA925B57960">Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C)</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:namePart id="EAF529A1A8690C3FDAFF87E96A7773B4">Jarvis, Charlie</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="B23BC9A4E06F2814EE552F173F182821">Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="191ABF04EC9181F9F97C78B2D2760D65">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="CD54D481719733C1582BC70D5CD4EBF9">
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<mods:title id="6FBBB8D607A9C1FBEF75F0A76FCA7575">Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="3D0271B71FE698938443D1F64CFCB9D2">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="65095A40C3EEF3D0B5BAF4F33E2307CF" type="ISBN">978-0-9506207-7-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F4E4F5343118321B6163E269762EA658" type="Zenodo-Dep">291971</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C28189C17BA717C190D1B7D090965075" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4380057" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164003139" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4380057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C28189C17BA717C190D1B7D090965075" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C28189C17BA717C190D1B7D090965075" lastPageNumber="439" pageNumber="439">
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<paragraph id="DEF3C3955F1A97E6DB54F6C5BDBD5148" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="3345FD45130ADCF6DC2963BF327AA815" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="10" year="1756">
|
||||
<bibCitation id="0BBBE099EDFA60BAA41FBF7F158145C7" author="Linnaeus" pagination="10" title="Convolvulus linifolius" volumeTitle="Centuria II Plantarum" year="1756">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B10592099916EF14F0F88F404767C3F8" ID-CoL="XZD5" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1756" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Convolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linifolius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="847DE24283079F74210BFF53C5ABCACD" bold="true" pageNumber="439">Convolvulus linifolius</emphasis>
|
||||
Linnaeus
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="25C5E2FE1BB59F84424D980E499EA99D" italics="true" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
<volumeTitle id="2FDA599E0E2EF8E6D9760192935C238E">Centuria II Plantarum</volumeTitle>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: 10. 1756
|
||||
</bibCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="52E24662961E41C1C5F8EF4C944CAEF2" pageNumber="439" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3298A565D3E1897F2C8922576CF73601" pageNumber="439">"Habitat in Indiis." RCN: 2178.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E8BC157697850D7D1846CE29E13FBE86" pageNumber="439" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DDFAC44D750ADC75CB42F1EDBFA1FA04" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
Basionym of:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4B12BE8469AAAE823E4EF27D44C5E2AD" authority="(L.) L. (1762)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1756" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Evolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linifolius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="07F864746C08359ED7470301B9F9BC7B" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Evolvulus linifolius</emphasis>
|
||||
(L.) L. (1762)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7D035ACCF6E2876E8C059D4AF1B9CE83" pageNumber="439" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="12BC9CA688D35844280AEE1B81A4A417" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="2B1F1FF4CC694D5E9F4DA3A223CC3589" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612072587" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="393.5" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="26425CFA0732A12BEE83277B26C9AB09">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(van Ooststroom in
|
||||
<emphasis id="8375D5322AC4D5CD115DD312733D6879" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht</emphasis>
|
||||
14: 36. 1935 [1934]):
|
||||
<emphasis id="9A2CB848254BC93962CDA9867049A4F5" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Miller</emphasis>
|
||||
, Herb. Linn. No. 393.5 (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="CFCB9AC626976D01C059BFFE916A1548">LINN</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="31625FE86C3997A7EB42F68B6B000573" pageNumber="439" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="653030E1CE89C74F54AA62A269D9631C" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
Current name:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="312FEC86FB64EC18E520775415D8BBD4" ID-CoL="3DHXQ" authority="(L.) L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Evolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alsinoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="35580A85C3AB3B60884BFF829E084A86" italics="true" pageNumber="439">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F84174540D74F9898E8F71A9EE1CA824" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Evolvulus alsinoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(L.) L.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A8D51D636825F7D4859132201B9EE93" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
95
data/C2/81/E8/C281E818D519160DF186C591BEE6B016.xml
Normal file
95
data/C2/81/E8/C281E818D519160DF186C591BEE6B016.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.81.816" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5a780c15-d634-4462-ad09-262259b26f4e" ID-PMC="PMC3088063" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-81-1" ID-PubMed="21594157" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-81-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 81" ModsDocTitle="First Record of the Genus Aprivesa Melichar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from South India, with Description of One New Species" checkinTime="1451250797224" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bu, Cui-Ping & Liang, Ai-Ping" docDate="2011" docId="C281E818D519160DF186C591BEE6B016" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 81: 1-12" docOrigin="ZooKeys 81" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.81.816" docTitle="Aprivesa unimaculata Bu & Liang, 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFD7FFBCC26C6E7EF37AFFCAFFD6FFFD" masterDocTitle="First Record of the Genus Aprivesa Melichar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from South India, with Description of One New Species" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668166653701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>First Record of the Genus Aprivesa Melichar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from South India, with Description of One New Species</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Bu, Cui-Ping</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Liang, Ai-Ping</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>81</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>12</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.81.816</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.81.816</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-81-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159361311" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C281E818D519160DF186C591BEE6B016" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C281E818D519160DF186C591BEE6B016" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:446BD15B-E7E8-4132-A86E-B351EEEE07BC" class="Insecta" family="Ricaniidae" genus="Aprivesa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aprivesa unimaculata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unimaculata">Aprivesa unimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figs 923
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">♂ (n=1), BL: 6.0 mm, FWL: 7.0 mm; ♀ (n=1), BL: 6.0 mm, FWL: 8.0 mm. General colour brown to fuscous. Vertex, frons and clypeus brown. Eye brown. Ocelli yellowish. Rostrum pallid. Pronotum and mesonotum fuscous. Thorax fuscous ventrally, marked with brown. Legs pale brown; tarsi and tips of tibiae fuscous. Abdomen fuscous ventrally, with pale brown transverse strips; pygofer fuscous. Forewing brown, with many pale brown areoles; stigma relatively large, white hyaline. Hindwing pale brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Head (including compound eyes) (Figs 9-12) slightly wider than pronotum. Vertex (Fig. 11) wider at anterior margin than long in middle line (5.8:1). Frons (Fig. 12) wider at widest part than long in middle line (1.4:1); disc tricarinate, with sublateral carinae shorter than central carina. Clypeus (Fig. 12) triangular, with central carina. Rostrum long, nearly reaching between hind coxae, with apical segment slightly shorter than basal segment.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Pronotum</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
(Fig. 11) wider at widest part than long in middle line (7.1:1), punctuated beside central carina. Mesonotum (Fig. 11) large, longer than broad, tricarinate on disc, lateral carinae on each side diverging from the middle one, disunited on the anterior border. Wing venation as in Figs 13-14.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Female genitalia (Figs 15-18) symmetrical (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Stroinski, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="587 - 591" title="Three new species of Miliprivesa Metclaf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Fulguromorpha: Ricaniidae)." volume="52" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stroiński">Stroinski</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2002
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Liang, A-P" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="361 - 369" title="A new genus of Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from China and Vietnam, with description of eggs." volume="86" year="2003">Liang 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Anal tube (Figs 15-16) relatively short and small, with apical margin rounded, nearly parallel-sided in dorsal view. Gonopophyses VIII (first valvulae) (Fig. 18) with two triangular lobes, the outer lobes saw-like, strongly sclerotised and having 7 blunt teeth on dorsal margin, and the inner lobes slightly sclerotised, with 3 blunt teeth on dorsal margin. Gonopophyses IX (second valvulae) small, degenerated. Gonoplacs (third valvulae)
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
Figs 15, 17) triangular with many teeth extending along ventral margin, directed mesad. Bursa copulatrix (Fig. 15) large, with two pouches, the first pouch connected to the second by a short and narrow duct, the opening directed into vagina. Genital opening singular (monotrysian), occurring between gonopophyses VIII.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Male genitalia with pygofer (Fig. 19) narrow and high, with dorsal posterior margin smoothly produced posteriorly in lateral view. Anal tube (Figs 19-20) moderately small, distinctly projected caudad, dorsally sulcate in distal half, trapezium in dorsal view, longer than wide at middle (1.3:1). Anal styles (Figs 19-20) relatively short and small. Genital styles (Fig. 19) relatively large and slender, with a long apical process, the base of inner margin curvedly produced, in profile longer than wide at middle (4.3:1). Aedeagus (Figs 21-23) cone-liked, nearly straight, partly sclerotised, symmetrical, having two pairs of caudad directed membranous processes at apex, with the inner pair longer and the outer pair slightly short.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holotype ♂. Ammatti, S. Coorg, S. India, xi.1982, P S Nathan (NCSU). Paratype: 1♀, S. Coorg, S. India, Ammatti, 3100 ft., v.1951, P S Nathan (NCSU).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">This species is named for its forewing with one large hyaline spot.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South India (Coorg).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
This species is externally similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ricaniidae" genus="Aprivesa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aprivesa exuta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuta">Aprivesa exuta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Melichar, 1898)from Australia, butcan be distinguished from the latter by the characters given in the key.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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