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<document id="A00A4FDBEFFC8A788DC18AB9220C9C67" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77d07a5c-cc8e-45f7-84bd-5587ecf0d3d5" ModsDocID="8111" checkinTime="1243377608815" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Santschi, F." docDate="1914" docId="C23D332AB9C13641345690215E6456A4" docLanguage="fr" docName="8111" docOrigin="Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912). Résultats scientifiques. Hyménoptères 2" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/8111/8111.pdf" docTitle="Plectroctena mandibularis F. Smith" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FE06B16C2BBDFCD084D4F6343B802CB0" masterDocTitle="Formicidae." masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1701312626052" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6DBDFC985FCD9E28F251ACE4998BD743">Formicidae.</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="67559172235F9960FB50802A4876D958">Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912). Résultats scientifiques. Hyménoptères</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="51406F801348E27025DD335213CA1130">1914</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C23D332AB9C13641345690215E6456A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5063490" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100126890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5063490" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C23D332AB9C13641345690215E6456A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C23D332AB9C13641345690215E6456A4" lastPageNumber="54" pageNumber="54">
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<paragraph id="45235E8E20DF84C3277BBE3C7D0B56B6" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="59D7BF235E380622167B5EE11B859D57" ID-CoL="77QJR" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34264" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectroctena mandibularis Smith" lsidName-HNS="Plectroctena mandibularis Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandibularis">Plectroctena mandibularis F. Smith</taxonomicName>
.
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<paragraph id="DC734BC1D3ED5961AEA0FA6490845647" pageNumber="54">
Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., vol. 6, p. 101, pl. 7, f. 1-5, [[worker]], [[male]]. -
<taxonomicName id="11AC1695DFEC1823845BB7A146A3B210" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:228146" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica caffra" lsidName-HNS="Formica caffra" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">Formica caffra</taxonomicName>
. (Klug), Spinola, Mem. Accad. Sc. Torino, vol. 13, p. 70 (1853).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C7AD83C6D5F3820E4FB84FA40025E5C5" pageNumber="54">Afrique orientale anglaise: Fort-Mall (nov. 1908), 2 [[worker]]; - Nairobi (1904), [[worker]]: - Bura, dans les Wa-Taila (1904), 2 [[male]].; - riviere Tchania (1.500 m., st. no 29, janv. 1912), 2 [[worker]].</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60FEB5EBFD64B121988E3EF4713E6C72" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<pageBreakToken id="77054899204047C72DEB6C54EF1BF571" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="start">23</pageBreakToken>
.
<taxonomicName id="C854BBC509C72A241E7CD0ADE023E84D" ID-CoL="6FNRB" authority="Mitchell, 1962" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus floridensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">Epeolus floridensis Mitchell, 1962</taxonomicName>
Figs 49, 50, 97B
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<paragraph id="B7A73A046398168592044AB620F9C694" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="011690061192DA59607EA4BCCE91A997" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus floridensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<pageBreakToken id="8DEEE2EBF22B3234B8787CF2FCA76137" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="start">Epeolus</pageBreakToken>
floridensis
</taxonomicName>
Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 152: 446 (♀).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="465DFAB3CC58259B611A594B059E3E8C" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5369D1BA59B2CD3F48ACF7721A03EA86" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE64B92D1A3376E7BA889D4FBE5E1105" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
The following morphological features in combination (excluding any that are specific to the opposite sex of the one being diagnosed) can be used to tell
<taxonomicName id="E21406926BDDAAC3FA08803E4F3C3608" lsidName="E. floridensis" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="floridensis">E. floridensis</taxonomicName>
apart from all other North American
<taxonomicName id="B8DEC63FE07DA1D086738957BFAD82FD" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
: the axilla is large, with the tip extending as far back as or beyond the posterior margin of the mesoscutellum, dilated laterally, and like the mesoscutellum ferruginous; the mesopleuron is closely (i≤1d) and evenly punctate; T1 is (with few exceptions) ferruginous and with a distinct, although sometimes medially-interrupted, basal fascia; the mesoscutum and metasomal terga have bands of pale gray to white short appressed setae; at least the T1-T3 apical fasciae are distinctly interrupted medially; and the pseudopygidial area of the female is lunate with the apex &lt;2
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the medial length.
<taxonomicName id="59F2AB6B011C186B3C12AD3529893802" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus floridensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">Epeolus floridensis</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="D657B7170A49D641D07D9EA3EB33701E" lsidName="E. howardi" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="howardi">E. howardi</taxonomicName>
, but in
<taxonomicName id="922F263DA015165257672F8BA2A905DA" lsidName="E. howardi" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="howardi">E. howardi</taxonomicName>
the mesoscutum and metasomal terga have bands of bright or pale yellow short appressed setae and the metasomal terga (including T1) are black.
<taxonomicName id="4F4BB36D9C0DB21870529AF32DED2BDA" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus floridensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">Epeolus floridensis</taxonomicName>
is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="944551B52D40C918F7C623043C14BF51" lsidName="E. packeri" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="packeri">E. packeri</taxonomicName>
, but in
<taxonomicName id="41FE87D8DED9B7E11202482D2DF23ABC" lsidName="E. packeri" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="packeri">E. packeri</taxonomicName>
the T1 basal fascia is absent or reduced to a pair of small
<pageBreakToken id="8C74D10F635A77B42F7EC03739DEF3CA" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" start="start">patches</pageBreakToken>
of pale tomentum, the metasomal terga (including T1) are black, and the pseudopygidial area of the female is lunate with the apex&gt;2
<normalizedToken id="0CBD59E2A12340AC6BF37EE77708E13C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the medial length.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F590BA5B349C04ED78C64EFDDEF47E14" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="A295E578F0FE1D9E7DA60856B7412D28" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8DEE922BCB60E5EA22419C4B5984037C" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FEMALE: Length 7.5 mm; head length 2.1 mm; head width 2.7 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8DB61CC41D909013DA9A9658DA677E9C" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Integument coloration. Black in part, at least partially ferruginous on mandible, labrum, clypeus, antenna, pronotal collar, pronotal lobe, tegula, axilla, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, mesopleuron, metapleuron, propodeum, legs, T1, T5, pygidial plate, and metasomal sterna. Mandible with apex darker than rest of mandible; preapical tooth slightly lighter than mandibular apex. Antenna brown and orange in part. Pronotal lobe and tegula pale ferruginous to amber. Mesoscutum almost entirely reddish brown. Wing membrane subhyaline, apically dusky. Legs more extensively reddish orange than brown or black.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="53CE1A764CCD183E34C4226982B79C36" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pubescence. Face with tomentum densest around antennal socket. Tomentum slightly sparser on clypeus; upper paraocular and frontal areas, and vertexal area mostly exposed. Dorsum of mesosoma and metasoma with bands of off-white to pale gray short appressed setae. Mesoscutum with paramedian band. Mesopleuron sparsely hairy, but tomentum moderately dense along margins. Metanotum with tomentum uninterrupted, uniformly off white. T1 with discal patch quadrangular and very wide, the basal and apical fasciae only narrowly joined laterally by few sparsely scattered pale hairs. T1-T4 with apical fasciae interrupted medially and somewhat broader laterally, T2 with fascia without anterolateral extensions of tomentum. T5 with two patches of pale tomentum lateral to and contacting pseudopygidial area. T5 with pseudopygidial area lunate, its apex less than twice as wide as medial length, indicated by silvery setae on impressed disc of apicomedial region elevated from rest of tergum. S5 with apical fimbria of coppery to silvery hairs not extending beyond apex of sternum by more than 1/4 MOD.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB7472390EFCB2079B0E4CF0C8D4777A" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Surface sculpture. Punctures dense. Labrum with larger and sparser punctures (i=1-2d) than clypeus (i&lt;1d). Upper paraocular and frontal areas, and vertexal area with punctures equally dense. Impunctate spot lateral to lateral ocellus absent in holotype, but shiny spot present in non-type specimens. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and axilla coarsely and densely rugose-punctate. Tegula densely punctate mesally (i≤1d), less so laterally (i=1-2d). Mesopleuron with ventrolateral half densely punctate (i≤1d), the interspaces shining; mesopleuron with punctures more or less equally dense throughout. Metasomal terga with punctures very fine, dense (i=1-2d), evenly distributed on disc; the interspaces shining somewhat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F93DBF4BA58B04E93323AB06C2513BCA" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
Structure. Preapical tooth inconspicuous, blunt and obtuse. Labrum with pair of small subapical denticles not preceded by carinae. Frontal keel not strongly raised. Scape with greatest length 1.8
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greatest width. F2 noticeably longer than wide (L/W ratio = 1.6). Preoccipital ridge not joining hypostomal carina, from which it is separated by about 1.5 MOD at its terminal (difficult to see in holotype; described from non-type specimens). Mesoscutellum weakly bigibbous. Axilla large, its lateral margin (L) more than half as long as mesoscutellar width (W) (L/W ratio = 0.6) and tip extending as far back as apex of horizontal dorsal portion of mesoscutellum; axilla with
<pageBreakToken id="42948A3CE315947BFF1497A682CD69C3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" start="start">tip</pageBreakToken>
clearly visible, but unattached to mesoscutellum for less than 1/3 the medial length of axilla; axilla with lateral margin arcuate. Fore wing with three submarginal cells. Pygidial plate apically truncate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41A1259410ABF184A56372FD1CFCAB98" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MALE: Description as for female except for usual secondary sexual characters and as follows: upper paraocular area very finely and sparsely punctate in part, the interspaces shining; F2 shorter, but still longer than wide (L/W ratio = 1.3); S4 and S5 with much longer coppery to silvery subapical hairs; pygidial plate apically rounded, with large deep punctures closely clustered basomedially and sparser apically and laterally, with the interspaces shining.</paragraph>
<caption id="CAAB3B0807DD90D984FB90CB3AE4B5BE" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<paragraph id="07EA564A1672651DFA1FC2D88252F0F4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Figure 49.
<taxonomicName id="50CCFA6780D1984BF947AC7B3A7EEA93" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus floridensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">Epeolus floridensis</taxonomicName>
A female, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm) B female holotype, dorsal habitus (scale bar 3 mm) C male, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm), and D female axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm; blue lines indicate the posterior extent of the axilla relative to the length of the mesoscutellum; red lines indicate the extent of the free portion of the axilla relative to its entire medial length).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F7DB5AC48DA54EB39F7CC7FB14FB502" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9DD16F378355D2F9F069819FDE32CC62" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E9BC75B8732E182E460173F5E5342705" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Florida peninsula (Fig. 50).</paragraph>
<caption id="8A398F9964DC8F7D78602CF4461A4D76" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<paragraph id="3B1FFC6AEC236D3FA4389296AF51346D" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Figure 50. Occurrence records of
<taxonomicName id="5407B2E650167B5843CDD786213473C7" lsidName="E. floridensis" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="floridensis">E. floridensis</taxonomicName>
known to the author (yellow circles).
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60DEA134BD825CD0B67900D595DF295D" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="28053F327EB2E2D2381E1192CE9D21DA" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26F1685972DBA2117EC7647C8B9C2DE0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
HOST RECORDS: The host species of
<taxonomicName id="0424EAB63F7121D55A208E3136F2E2C5" lsidName="E. floridensis" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="floridensis">E. floridensis</taxonomicName>
is/are presently unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5D04511626B4829FB9A3549B993E8FC" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
FLORAL RECORDS:
<bibRefCitation id="2668217ECAB7D21D80ED59F9ADAE9903" author="Mitchell, TB" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 557" title="Bees of the eastern United States. Volume II." volume="152" year="1962">Mitchell (1962)</bibRefCitation>
indicated a floral association with
<taxonomicName id="98D6E1B21C106CECB51665C089B8146F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Eriogonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriogonum tomentosum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosum">Eriogonum tomentosum</taxonomicName>
Michx. (
<taxonomicName id="A886063B3B8253BD6C3C8EBB726FC636" family="Polygonaceae" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
). Labels of examined voucher specimens further indicate associations with
<taxonomicName id="2BE69A4684608D432FFF468603A44EE9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Licania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Licania michauxii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxii">Licania michauxii</taxonomicName>
Prance (
<taxonomicName id="F90F3A4982869A2AAAEE12CC668634DD" family="Chrysobalanaceae" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="family">Chrysobalanaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="25E79DEC11CDFD05C6E901BE14C60555" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ptilimnium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ptilimnium capillaceum" order="Apiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capillaceum">Ptilimnium capillaceum</taxonomicName>
(Michx.) Raf. (
<taxonomicName id="1B0C32E102646BB84BBBB6A65253B789" family="Apiaceae" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="2CB543BF8720E911B102A112FBFBE2F4" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Sabal" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sabal etonia" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="etonia">Sabal etonia</taxonomicName>
Swingle ex Nash (
<taxonomicName id="32CB86A1C3C2D14694152ECE694DBA59" family="Arecaceae" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="086E45AAA35C74B276F010F23F590539" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CF5949CB6E675435D76E64051D8B3ACD" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A28AD707015DDA04534D24EBF5EADBE" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="4C44552CD6AC01B4A8C5B9EA5295082C" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus floridensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">Epeolus floridensis</taxonomicName>
exhibits very little intraspecific morphological variation. However, one specimen was observed in which T1 is as dark as the remaining terga rather than bright ferruginous, the usual state. Also, in some males the upper paraocular area has comparatively fewer punctures than in females while in other specimens punctures are similarly dense between the sexes. Based on examined records,
<pageBreakToken id="BB0C2D568840DF24C50A1C16CF9093A4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" start="start">adults</pageBreakToken>
of
<taxonomicName id="437E98D40283DB25DC4D3EB28732B1EC" lsidName="E. floridensis" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="floridensis">E. floridensis</taxonomicName>
appear to be most active in spring, although
<bibRefCitation id="E6CC11D3064DC8981A72E10C21FA2861" author="Mitchell, TB" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 557" title="Bees of the eastern United States. Volume II." volume="152" year="1962">Mitchell (1962)</bibRefCitation>
lists some paratypes that were collected in mid-July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D81D835EECF20D1C171114D38DA2B748" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D0F14DDCAB24AE7CD5BB618C7AB3BF07" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Material studied.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D455DF52EC98984C0F4E50DE00DC5619" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Type material. Primary: USA: Florida: Arcadia (DeSoto County), 27.iv.1955, H.E. and M.A. Evans (holotype ♀ [CUIC, catalog number: 00015349]).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0BFEA3E4B4070AAE373A7545554A81C" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Secondary: USA: Florida: Arcadia (DeSoto County), 27.iv.1955, H.E. and M.A. Evans (allotype ♂ [CUIC, catalog number: 00015348]), 27.iv.1955, H.E. and M.A. Evans (paratypes 1♀, 1♂, NCSU).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F2CA9F35DCAA818235F32B21E276D4DF" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="566EBC0C211EBCAC5507DEF9C393F0C5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">DNA barcoded material with BIN-compliant sequences.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6BA3FD98296637D10D9ADDF219FB237E" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Available. BOLD:ACZ9059. Specimens examined and sequenced.-USA: Florida: Archbold Biological Station (Highlands County), 28.iv.-18.v.2008, S.M. Paiero (1♀, 1♂, DEBU); Lake Placid (Highlands County), 17.v.2014, S. Lenberger (1♀, FSCA).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="037EC1020851BD33927D458DF035220D" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BAC3E1AEE4E54E3EDB90DABFA06E812D" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Non-barcoded material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="76E220B8424CB4F261E1571AF31D9CFF" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
USA: Florida: Archbold Biological Station (
<geoCoordinate id="3454905D3F3CBD0CF645B91B0D5B90A1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.1838">27.1838°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="57CEAA0371D703F8466DE679FDA8F65F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.3532">81.3532°W</geoCoordinate>
) (Highlands County), 28.v.2010, M. Deyrup (1♀, ABS); Lake Wales Ridge State Forest (
<geoCoordinate id="D3C3CB2EAB9D9BADD3AE961F51B45D0D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.6611">27.6611°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="3AC39709B237C7F565B9DA20F5DBFEB2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.3964">81.3964°W</geoCoordinate>
) (Polk County), 30.iv.2009, M. Deyrup, A. May, and H. Otte (1♀, ABS); Lake Wales Ridge State Forest (
<geoCoordinate id="1DC85BF5777D6F1D010FFACD9136CD53" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.6933">27.6933°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="F17EE6E289E071854FE04840D943414A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.4279">81.4279°W</geoCoordinate>
) (Polk County), 30.iv.2009, M. Deyrup, A. May, and H. Otte (1♂, ABS); Lake Wales Ridge State Forest (
<geoCoordinate id="13F92E49B88B3DF945DFA1FE5BBCAAF3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.6915">27.6915°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="F7EDE1B040397FEEA41061A3B3A984A8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.4282">81.4282°W</geoCoordinate>
) (Polk County), 06.v.2009, M. Deyrup, A. May, and H. Otte (1♀, ABS); N FWC Carter Creek (27.5313°N;
<pageBreakToken id="E7C126D504FF8F283FC1AD4DE5C8403E" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" start="start">81.4104</pageBreakToken>
°W) (Highlands County), 15.v.2010, J. Dunlap, M. and N. Deyrup, and K. Dearborn (1♂, ABS); Saddle Blanket Lakes (
<geoCoordinate id="742311568D1CB88A83AD566559D7869F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.6696">27.6696°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="31D2A91053B23B883CBE3E7838377C32" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.5758">81.5758°W</geoCoordinate>
) (Polk County), 07.v.2009, M. Deyrup (1♂, ABS); Saddle Blanket Lakes (
<geoCoordinate id="3EB2F84BE690422921DE47CC61DE0E57" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.6716">27.6716°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="BB5731687E949A77C6CABB8C252B05AB" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.5759">81.5759°W</geoCoordinate>
) (Polk County), 08.v.2009, M. Deyrup, A. May, and H. Otte (1♀, ABS); Walk-In-The-Water State Forest (
<geoCoordinate id="47ECF0BA53AAE9BF49BAE20DEEDE1FF3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.7613">27.7613°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="0F01C4B5033E3D6F0AD15A1A4CC8F8B8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.4877">81.4877°W</geoCoordinate>
) (Polk County), 29.v.2010, M. Deyrup (1♀, ABS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<subSubSection id="028E65242C49A829FF734FAFC4FEA523" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF734FAFC50BA22C" blockId="2.[151,872,247,306]" box="[151,872,247,273]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="116381C32C49A829FF734FAFC50BA22C" bold="true" box="[151,872,247,273]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FF734FAFC50BA22C" bold="true" box="[151,872,247,273]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C49A829FF734FAFC57BA22C" ID-CoL="6RK5G" authority="Moreira &amp; Rudio" authorityName="Moreira &amp; Rudio" box="[151,792,247,273]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Kirkaldya">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FF734FAFC77AA22C" bold="true" box="[151,281,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Microvelia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FECE4FAFC7C2A22C" bold="true" box="[298,417,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Kirkaldya</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FE564FAFC457A22C" bold="true" box="[434,564,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">nessimiani</emphasis>
Moreira &amp; Rúdio
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C49A829FCC14FAFC50BA22C" box="[805,872,247,273]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF734E42C772A20F" blockId="2.[151,872,247,306]" box="[151,273,282,306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
(
<figureCitation id="D2AF2A2A2C49A829FF7B4E42C76AA20F" box="[159,265,282,306]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[171,1392,259,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,237,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Microvelia nessimiani n. sp. 2. Apterous male, dorsal view. 3. Apterous female, dorsal view. 4. Apterous thorax, male, dorsal view. 5. Hind leg, male. Scale bar = 1.00 mm. [P 1 = anterior superficial lobe of pronotum; P 2 = posterior superficial lobe of pronotum; MT = metanotum; T = lateral triangle]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201562/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF734E3BC400A2A3" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Apterous male. BL 1.35–1.46, ANT I 0.19–0.22, ANT II 0.10–0.12, ANT III 0.19–0.23, ANT IV 0.31–0.36, INT 0.18–0.20, PL 0.17–0.24, PW 0.42–0.48.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF214EF2C2CAA73F" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
Body color pale yellow to yellow, lighter on venter. Antennomeres I–II yellow with darker apices; III dark yellow; IV brown, darker on distal 3/4. Eyes red. Rostrum with article I yellow, II–III pale yellow, IV dark brown. Punctuations of thorax marked by brown. Pronotum may bear irregular brown marks. Acetabula, coxae, trochanters, and base of femora pale yellow. Remaining of femora yellow, darker towards apex. Tibiae yellow; fore and mid ones brown on apex. Fore tarsus basally yellow, turning brown distally; mid tarsus dark yellow; hind tarsus dark yellow on proximal 1/3, distally brown. Abdominal tergite IV may bear a pair of brownish maculae on sides of midline. Abdominal connectives darker on anterior half. Genital segments pale to yellow. Body dorsally covered by sparse short setae. Antennae covered by sparse short setae, more numerous on antennomere IV. Antennomeres I–III cylindrical, IV fusiform; I slightly thicker than others, bowed outside on base; II–IV with almost same width. Rostrum slightly surpassing posterior margin of prosternum. Pronotum relatively long, reaching sublateral pits, but leaving metanotum exposed; pronotum superficially divided into two lobes, with the area between lobes impressed and marked by circular punctuations (
<figureCitation id="D2AF2A2A2C49A829FDA44C6EC4E6A073" box="[576,645,822,846]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[171,1392,259,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,237,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Microvelia nessimiani n. sp. 2. Apterous male, dorsal view. 3. Apterous female, dorsal view. 4. Apterous thorax, male, dorsal view. 5. Hind leg, male. Scale bar = 1.00 mm. [P 1 = anterior superficial lobe of pronotum; P 2 = posterior superficial lobe of pronotum; MT = metanotum; T = lateral triangle]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201562/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Metanotum with posterior margin centrally straight, curved on sides. Abdomen slightly narrowed on area posterior to segment II, bowed posteriorly. Abdominal connectives without posterior spines. Abdominal tergite VII subquadrate, with posterior margin slightly rounded. Abdominal sternites without tubercles or spines. Legs long and thin, covered by short light setae.
<collectingCountry id="3283763F2C49A829FC184CFAC257A087" box="[1020,1076,930,954]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Hind</collectingCountry>
femur slightly thicker than others, with two ventral rows of sharp spines (
<figureCitation id="D2AF2A2A2C49A829FD934C9EC4D8A0E3" box="[631,699,966,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[171,1392,259,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,237,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Microvelia nessimiani n. sp. 2. Apterous male, dorsal view. 3. Apterous female, dorsal view. 4. Apterous thorax, male, dorsal view. 5. Hind leg, male. Scale bar = 1.00 mm. [P 1 = anterior superficial lobe of pronotum; P 2 = posterior superficial lobe of pronotum; MT = metanotum; T = lateral triangle]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201562/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="3283763F2C49A829FD344C9EC56BA0E3" box="[720,776,966,990]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia straight (
<figureCitation id="D2AF2A2A2C49A829FC4F4C9EC58CA0E3" box="[939,1007,966,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[171,1392,259,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,237,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Microvelia nessimiani n. sp. 2. Apterous male, dorsal view. 3. Apterous female, dorsal view. 4. Apterous thorax, male, dorsal view. 5. Hind leg, male. Scale bar = 1.00 mm. [P 1 = anterior superficial lobe of pronotum; P 2 = posterior superficial lobe of pronotum; MT = metanotum; T = lateral triangle]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201562/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Genital segments well exposed; segment I cylindrical, unmodified; proctiger without lateral projections; parameres symmetrical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF214B57C400A777" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Apterous female BL 1.52–1.57, ANT I 0.17–0.18, ANT II 0.11, ANT III 0.18–0.19, ANT IV 0.32–0.33, INT 0.22–0.24, PL 0.19–0.24, PW 0.40–0.47.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF214B0EC722A78B" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
Color as in male, with maculae on abdominal tergite IV darker. Body larger and more rounded, wider on region of abdominal tergite I. Sparse dark setae present on abdominal tergite I.
<collectingCountry id="3283763F2C49A829FC334B22C26CA7AF" box="[983,1039,1146,1170]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Hind</collectingCountry>
femur slightly thicker than others, without spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF214B9BC4BBA7C3" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Macropterous female BL 1.62–1.93, ANT I 0.15–0.19, ANT II 0.11–0.12, ANT III 0.18–0.22, ANT IV 0.31– 0.32, INT 0.22–0.23, PL 0.41–0.51, PW 0.66–0.71.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF214A52C4FEA523" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Color darker than in apterous forms. Pronotum brown, with a transversal yellow stripe anteriorly, with width similar to that of base of head, except eyes. Thoracic sternites yellow, marked by brown, dark brown on intersegmental area. Abdominal tergites brown, darker on anterior portion; IV–VII with longitudinal yellow stripe. Venter of abdomen centrally brown, yellow on sides. Forewing brown, with area inside cells and apex whitish. Pronotum long, subpentagonal, divided into anterior and posterior lobes, with weak longitudinal median carina, and humeri slightly elevated. Anterior lobe of pronotum with a transversal row of punctuations adjacent to anterior margin; another row between anterior and posterior lobes. Posterior lobe with several punctuations and posterior angle rounded. Wings slightly passing apex of body.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E65242C49A829FF214973C4D3A5B7" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF214973C4D3A5B7" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FF214973C714A57E" bold="true" box="[197,375,1578,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="952F880D2C49A829FF214973C69DA57E" box="[197,254,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3283763F2C49A829FE634972C7ADA57F" box="[391,462,1578,1602]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Porto de Tubarão, Lagoa 0 7 [-20.256025 / -40.248818],
<date id="3E2A106F2C49A829FF734916C741A55B" box="[151,290,1614,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" value="2009-12-17">17.XII.2009</date>
, (J. L. Nessimian): 1 apterous male [
<typeStatus id="952F880D2C49A829FD124916C5F7A55A" box="[758,916,1614,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FD124916C5F7A55A" bold="true" box="[758,916,1614,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">HOLOTYPE</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
], 2 apterous males, 2 apterous females, 3 macropterous females [
<typeStatus id="952F880D2C49A829FE79492AC45CA5B6" box="[413,575,1650,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FE79492AC45CA5B6" bold="true" box="[413,575,1650,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">PARATYPES</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
] (
<collectionCode id="2C85AE6A2C49A829FDBE492AC4C6A5B7" box="[602,677,1650,1674]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n6nq-8nqh" name="Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">UFES</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E65242C49A829FF2149CFC20EA593" box="[197,1133,1686,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF2149CFC20EA593" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" box="[197,1133,1686,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FF2149CFC728A592" bold="true" box="[197,331,1687,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honor of Dr. Jorge Luiz Nessimian, entomologist and friend.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E65242C49A82FFF2349E2C6B8A162" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A829FF2349E2C2F5A497" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FF2349E2C72FA5EE" bold="true" box="[199,332,1722,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C49A829FEB749E3C42FA5EE" box="[339,588,1723,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FEB749E3C42FA5EE" box="[339,588,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Microvelia nessimiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C49A829FDB049E3C4CDA5EE" box="[596,686,1723,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FDB049E3C4CDA5EE" bold="true" box="[596,686,1723,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is described as belonging to the subgenus
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FB6B49E3C29CA5EE" box="[1167,1279,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Kirkaldya</emphasis>
Torre-Bueno, 1910, based on antennomere I (ANT I) longer than head width between eyes (INT), a feature used in keys of both
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C49A829FF73485AC7EDA427" author="Andersen" box="[151,398,1794,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" refString="Andersen, N. M. (1982) The semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha) phylogeny, adaptations, biogeography and classification. Entomonograph, 3, 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1982">Andersen (1982: 419)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C49A829FE22485AC563A427" author="Nieser" box="[454,768,1794,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" refString="Nieser, N. &amp; Melo, A. L. (1997) Os Heteropteros Aquaticos de Minas Gerais - Guia Introdutorio com Chave de Identificacao para as Especies de Nepomorpha e Gerromorpha. Editora UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 180 pp." type="book" year="1997">Nieser and Melo (1997: 97)</bibRefCitation>
to separate the subgenera
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C49A829FBC9485BC2C4A426" box="[1069,1191,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FBC9485BC2C4A426" box="[1069,1191,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Microvelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C49A829FB4A485BC289A427" box="[1198,1258,1795,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C49A829FAC6485BC778A403" authority="Kirkaldya" authorityName="Kirkaldya" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FAC6485BC3FFA426" box="[1314,1436,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Microvelia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FF44487FC773A402" box="[160,272,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Kirkaldya</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In the case of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C49A829FE2A487FC4AAA402" box="[462,713,1831,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FE2A487FC4AAA402" box="[462,713,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Microvelia nessimiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C49A829FD35487FC54EA402" box="[721,813,1831,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FD35487FC54EA402" bold="true" box="[721,813,1831,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, however, only males display ANT I longer than INT, whereas females have ANT I slightly shorter than INT. Such a fact shows that this feature should be reevaluated in a revision of the subgenera of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C49A829FE0D4837C400A4BA" box="[489,611,1903,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FE0D4837C400A4BA" box="[489,611,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Microvelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the New World, which is not possible for the authors at the moment because of lack of specimens of several species, especially those from the Nearctic Region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C49A828FF2148EEC258A3E9" blockId="2.[151,1437,354,2035]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
Another problem for the definition of subgenera or species-groups of New World
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C49A829FB9D48EFC290A4F2" box="[1145,1267,1975,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FB9D48EFC290A4F2" box="[1145,1267,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Microvelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is that several species are known only in the macropterous forms, such as those of the
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FC284884C223A4CE" box="[972,1088,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">marginata</emphasis>
group
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C49A829FB764884C2B3A4CE" box="[1170,1232,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">sensu</emphasis>
Nieser &amp; Alkins- Koo (1991). Being macropterous, the pronotum is always well-developed and covers all of the thorax, leaving no room for its use as a diagnostic feature or as a character to be used in a data matrix.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1EEB66272C48A828FF734A69C52FA6B9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201562/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[171,1392,259,1292]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C48A828FF734A69C52FA6B9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1329,1412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FF734A69C758A67B" bold="true" box="[151,315,1329,1352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">FIGURES 2–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FEA54A69C441A67A" box="[321,546,1329,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FEA54A69C441A67A" box="[321,546,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Microvelia nessimiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C48A828FDCD4A6AC401A67A" box="[553,610,1330,1351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FDCD4A6AC401A67A" bold="true" box="[553,610,1330,1351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
2. Apterous male, dorsal view. 3. Apterous female, dorsal view. 4. Apterous thorax, male, dorsal view. 5. Hind leg, male. Scale bar = 1.00 mm. [P1 = anterior superficial lobe of pronotum; P2 = posterior superficial lobe of pronotum; MT = metanotum; T = lateral triangle]
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C48A828FF214AE9C35BA540" blockId="3.[151,1436,1457,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
Finally, the interpretation of the dorsal thoracic sclerites of Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FBF94AE9C2F4A6F4" box="[1053,1175,1457,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FBF94AE9C2F4A6F4" box="[1053,1175,1457,1481]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Microvelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
changed considerably through time. According to
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C48A828FE2B4A8DC492A6D0" author="Drake" box="[463,753,1493,1518]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Hussey, R. F. (1955) Concerning the genus Microvelia Westwood, with descriptions of two new species and a check-list of the American forms (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Florida Entomologist, 38, 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1955">Drake and Hussey (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, the basic apterous thorax of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FBDF4A8DC2D6A6D0" box="[1083,1205,1493,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FBDF4A8DC2D6A6D0" box="[1083,1205,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Microvelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be composed of a pronotum of variable length, a mesonotum divided in two lobes (partially or totally covered by pronotum in some cases), and by lateral metathoracic triangles. The interpretation seen on
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C48A828FBE34946C3FFA508" author="Polhemus" box="[1031,1436,1565,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Polhemus, J. T. &amp; Chapman, H. C. (1979) Family Veliidae / small water striders, water crickets, riffle bugs. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 21, 49 - 57." type="journal article" year="1979">J.T. Polhemus and Chapman (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and followed here, however, is more consistent with other groups of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FC784919C255A564" box="[924,1078,1601,1625]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraOrder="Gerromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Gerromorpha</taxonomicName>
, and defines a pronotum, which can be more or less extended backwards, a simple mesonotum and a metanotum sided by lateral triangles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C48A828FF2149D1C537A4A0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1457,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
Being so, the apterous pronotum of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FDB949D2C498A59C" box="[605,763,1674,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FDB949D2C498A59C" box="[605,763,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. nessimiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C48A828FCE749D2C53DA59F" box="[771,862,1674,1698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FCE749D2C53DA59F" bold="true" box="[771,862,1674,1698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is here described as consisting of a relatively long pronotum divided into two superficial lobes, which covers mesonotum, but leaves metanotum fully exposed (
<figureCitation id="D2AF2A2A2C48A828FA8B49F5C6CBA5D4" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[171,1392,259,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,237,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Microvelia nessimiani n. sp. 2. Apterous male, dorsal view. 3. Apterous female, dorsal view. 4. Apterous thorax, male, dorsal view. 5. Hind leg, male. Scale bar = 1.00 mm. [P 1 = anterior superficial lobe of pronotum; P 2 = posterior superficial lobe of pronotum; MT = metanotum; T = lateral triangle]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201562/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C48A828FEB34989C415A5D4" author="Drake" box="[343,630,1745,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Hussey, R. F. (1955) Concerning the genus Microvelia Westwood, with descriptions of two new species and a check-list of the American forms (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Florida Entomologist, 38, 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1955">Drake and Hussey (1955)</bibRefCitation>
interpretation, which was probably used at least on the majority of species descriptions between the decades of
<date id="3E2A106F2C48A828FD8849ADC57AA430" box="[620,793,1781,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" value="1950" valueMax="1970">1950 and 1970</date>
, the thorax of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FC2449AEC23CA430" box="[960,1119,1782,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FC2449AEC23CA430" box="[960,1119,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. nessimiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C48A828FB8349ADC2A1A430" box="[1127,1218,1781,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FB8349ADC2A1A430" bold="true" box="[1127,1218,1781,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
would consist of a pronotum that covers about half of the mesonotum only, the actual metanotum corresponding to the posterior lobe of the mesonotum in their view. This arrangement was given on the original descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FB534866C752A444" authority="Drake &amp; Hussey, 1955" authorityName="Drake &amp; Hussey" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilena">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FB534866C353A468" box="[1207,1328,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. chilena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C48A828FADD4865C752A444" author="Drake" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Hussey, R. F. (1955) Concerning the genus Microvelia Westwood, with descriptions of two new species and a check-list of the American forms (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Florida Entomologist, 38, 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1955">Drake &amp; Hussey, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FEDB483AC480A444" authority="Drake &amp; Hussey, 1951" authorityName="Drake &amp; Hussey" authorityYear="1951" box="[319,739,1889,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaiana">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FEDB483AC7B7A444" box="[319,468,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. costaiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C48A828FE384839C480A444" author="Drake" box="[476,739,1889,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Hussey, R. F. (1951) Concerning some American Microvelia (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Florida Entomologist, 34, 137 - 145." type="journal article" year="1951">Drake &amp; Hussey, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FD15483AC2EBA444" authority="Drake &amp; Hottes, 1952" authorityName="Drake &amp; Hottes" authorityYear="1952" box="[753,1160,1889,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inannana">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FD15483AC5E1A444" box="[753,898,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. inannana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C48A828FC6F4839C2EBA444" author="Drake" box="[907,1160,1889,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Hottes, F. C. (1952) New neogaean water-striders of the genus Microvelia (Hemiptera; Veliidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 51, 63 - 67." type="journal article" year="1952">Drake &amp; Hottes, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FB27483AC724A4A0" authority="Drake &amp; Carvalho, 1954" authorityName="Drake &amp; Carvalho" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quieta">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FB27483AC353A444" box="[1219,1328,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. quieta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C48A828FADD4839C724A4A0" author="Drake" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Carvalho, J. C. M. (1954) New waterstriders from Brazil (Hemiptera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 67, 223 - 226." type="journal article" year="1954">Drake &amp; Carvalho, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, none of which has spines on male hind femur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C48A82FFF2148F1C4DEA221" blockId="3.[151,1436,1457,2021]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,607]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
Taking in consideration South American species which display spines on male hind femur,
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FB3048F2C311A4FC" box="[1236,1394,1962,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FB3048F2C311A4FC" box="[1236,1394,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. nessimiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C48A828FA9E48F2C6ABA4D8" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FA9E48F2C6ABA4D8" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FE874896C41BA4D8" authority="White, 1879" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1879" box="[355,632,1997,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimula">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FE874896C7BCA4D8" box="[355,479,1997,2021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. mimula</emphasis>
White, 1879
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FD614896C59BA4D8" authority="McKinstry, 1937" authorityName="McKinstry" authorityYear="1937" box="[645,1016,1997,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviensis">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FD614896C54FA4D8" box="[645,812,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. peruviensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2E054B5E2C48A828FCD14895C59BA4D8" author="McKinstry" box="[821,1016,1997,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="McKinstry, A. P. (1937) Some new species [of] Microvelia (Veliidae, Hemiptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 10, 30 - 41." type="journal article" year="1937">McKinstry, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C48A828FBD34896C334A4D8" authority="China, 1943" authorityName="China" authorityYear="1943" box="[1079,1367,1997,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C48A828FBD34896C2DCA4D8" box="[1079,1215,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. trinitatis</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3283763F2C48A828FB2C4895C36DA4D8" box="[1224,1294,1997,2021]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">China</collectingCountry>
, 1943
</taxonomicName>
. Only macropterous and brachypterous specimens of the last species are known, all with a well-developed pronotum, which bears anteriorly a peculiar light band with two broad lobes extending to posterior lobe of pronotum. Moreover, general color of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFE6A4FB9C477A3C5" box="[398,532,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFE6A4FB9C477A3C5" box="[398,532,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is cinnamon, whereas specimens of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFC4A4FB9C228A3C5" box="[942,1099,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFC4A4FB9C228A3C5" box="[942,1099,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. nessimiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C4FA82FFBB64FB8C2CFA3C5" box="[1106,1196,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFBB64FB8C2CFA3C5" bold="true" box="[1106,1196,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
have almost all body yellow, except for the dark marks on connexives.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B36AF2C4FA82FFF214E7FC6B8A162" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
Besides the spines on hind femur, males of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFD574E71C54EA27D" box="[691,813,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimula">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFD574E71C54EA27D" box="[691,813,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. mimula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be identified because of the long horn-like projections on the sides of the proctiger. These projections are not seen in
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFC744E15C24DA259" box="[912,1070,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFC744E15C24DA259" box="[912,1070,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. nessimiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C4FA82FFBD04E15C2E4A259" box="[1076,1159,333,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the proctiger displaying lateral margins only slightly convex. Males of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFD544E29C548A2B5" box="[688,811,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimula">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFD544E29C548A2B5" box="[688,811,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. mimula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also have only one spine row on hind femur, whereas those of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFF184ECDC7F8A291" box="[252,411,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessimiani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFF184ECDC7F8A291" box="[252,411,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. nessimiani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFE404ECCC463A291" bold="true" box="[420,512,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D357C62C4FA82FFE404ECCC463A291" box="[420,512,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
have two. Finally, the new species can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFB344ECDC314A291" box="[1232,1399,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviensis">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFB344ECDC314A291" box="[1232,1399,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. peruviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by being smaller (males with body length 1.35–1.46 vs.
<quantity id="8D6C9B4A2C4FA82FFD0A4EEFC54DA2F2" box="[750,814,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="1.6">1.6 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFCD14EE1C5B9A2ED" box="[821,986,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviensis">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFCD14EE1C5B9A2ED" box="[821,986,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. peruviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), lighter in coloration (specimens of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFA994EE1C774A2C9" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviensis">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFA994EE1C774A2C9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. peruviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are brown with markings of yellow), and for having parameres of same the size (in
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFB294E85C311A2C9" box="[1229,1394,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviensis">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFB294E85C311A2C9" box="[1229,1394,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. peruviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the left one is much larger than the right one).
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mentions only that the hind femur of
<taxonomicName id="8D944D2C2C4FA82FFB3A4D59C3E0A125" box="[1246,1411,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviensis">
<emphasis id="78E0EABD2C4FA82FFB3A4D59C3E0A125" box="[1246,1411,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">M. peruviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is covered by short sharp spines on the ventral surface, but does not mention in how many rows they might be organized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

133
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<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFF4A4BD258F99CD0" ID-CoL="7XQH" authority="Enderlein, 1937" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,467,221,247]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF4A4A2A59D99D1D" box="[151,243,293,314]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tonnoira</emphasis>
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: 106
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(original description)
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species:
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<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFCE44A2A5D3F9D1D" box="[825,1045,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tonnoira pelliticornis</emphasis>
Enderlein
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(original designation).
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<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF4A4A4C59D99D7F" box="[151,243,323,344]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tonnoira</emphasis>
Enderlein, Quate 1963: 189
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(diagnosis).
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<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF4A4A6D59D99D50" box="[151,243,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tonnoira</emphasis>
Enderlein,
<treatmentCitation id="CB357841FFC0FFCCFEB54A6E5B2E9D50" author="Quate" box="[360,516,353,375]" page="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="2E0523A1FFC0FFCCFEB54A6E58CB9D50" author="Quate" box="[360,481,353,375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" refString="Quate, L. W. (1996) Preliminary taxonomic of Costa Rica: Psychodidae (Diptera), exclusive of Plebotominae. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44, 1 - 81 (Supplement 1)." type="journal article" year="1996">Quate 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(revised description).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF4A4A8E5A629DB1" blockId="1.[151,1383,292,406]" box="[151,840,384,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6A84797EFFC0FFCCFF4A4A8E5A629DB1" box="[151,840,384,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFF4A4A8E5B439DB1" ID-CoL="7XQH" authority="Enderlein, Quate &amp; Brown 2004: 25" authorityName="Enderlein, Quate &amp; Brown" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,617,384,406]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF4A4A8E59D99DB1" box="[151,243,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tonnoira</emphasis>
Enderlein,
<treatmentCitation id="CB357841FFC0FFCCFEB54A8F5B439DB1" author="Quate" box="[360,617,384,406]" page="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="2E0523A1FFC0FFCCFEB54A8F5B6C9DB1" author="Quate" box="[360,582,384,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" refString="Quate, L. W. &amp; Brown, B. V. (2004) Revision of Neotropical Setomimini (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Contribution in Science: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles, 500, 1 - 117." type="journal article" year="2004">Quate &amp; Brown 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 25
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(revised description).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC0FFCCFF4A4ACD5D6E9F05" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF4A4ACD5D6E9F05" blockId="1.[151,1436,450,1018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF4A4ACD583B9DFC" bold="true" box="[151,273,450,475]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Eye bridge with 4 (rarely 5) facet rows, nearly contiguous or narrowly divided at median by less than one facet diameter, connected by inverted Y-shaped interocular suture; froms with patch of setae alveoli quadrate, narrowly divided at median in some species; antenna as long as, or longer than wing; flagellomeres usually elongate, cylindrical or fusiform, weakly nodiform in some species; apical flagellomere with elongate, slender apiculus; ascoids paired, simple, inconspicuous or possibly absent in some species; palpus extending to flagellomere 4; apical palp segment striated in some species, not striated in others. Wing with radial and medial forks in basal half of wing, radial fork basad of medial fork; R5 ending in wing Apex; wing Apex pointed; midcoxa with patch of setae on anterior margin. Terminalia with hypandrium present; gonostyli simple or bifurcate; aedeagus and parameres usually asymmetrical, symmetrical in few species; epandrial clasping lobes with 1–3 tenacula; subepandrial sclerite V-shaped; hypoproct conspicuous, usually triangular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC0FFCCFF1A48225D189FDD" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF1A48225D189FDD" blockId="1.[151,1436,450,1018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF1A482258659F61" bold="true" box="[199,335,813,838]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Comments.</emphasis>
Species of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFE0548215B149F62" box="[472,574,814,837]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFE0548215B149F62" box="[472,574,814,837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tonnoira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually larger in size and with significantly longer antennae than most other genera of Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFE0E485E5B4E9F4D" box="[467,612,849,874]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Psychodinae">Psychodinae</taxonomicName>
. This is particularly obvious when sorting them from other taxa collected in Malaise or light trap samples. Quate &amp; Brown’s (2004) brief description of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFBFE48795DA39FAA" box="[1059,1161,886,909]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFBFE48795DA39FAA" box="[1059,1161,886,909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tonnoira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
incorporates previously undescribed variation of the head and male genitalia; however, some character states (e.g. shape of flagellomeres; number of facet rows in eye bridge) are contradictory to those given in previous descriptions (Quate 1963, 1996). The diagnosis given above is intended to reconcile and clarify earlier descriptions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

136
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<mods:title id="5BE0170D7FA39E30B48C456834257993">Four new species of Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF4A4F425B349841" blockId="1.[151,542,1101,1162]" box="[151,542,1101,1126]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<heading id="1163E93CFFC0FFCCFF4A4F425B349841" bold="true" box="[151,542,1101,1126]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" reason="2">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF4A4F425B349841" bold="true" box="[151,542,1101,1126]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFF4A4F4258979841" ID-CoL="9HY9R" authority="Santos" authorityName="Santos" box="[151,445,1101,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brisolaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF4A4F42584D9841" bold="true" box="[151,359,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tonnoira brisolaii</emphasis>
Santos
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D33F39FFC0FFCCFE194F425B349841" box="[452,542,1101,1126]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF4A4F7E583898AD" blockId="1.[151,542,1101,1162]" box="[151,274,1137,1162]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
(
<figureCitation id="D2AF42D5FFC0FFCCFF424F7E582298AD" box="[159,264,1137,1162]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,193,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[196,1392,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tonnoira brisolaii sp. nov., holotype ♂. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Flagellomeres 13 – 14. 3. Wing. 4. Hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagal complex and parameres, dorsal view. 5. Epandrium and epandrial clasping lobes, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225104/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC0FFCCFF4A4FB65C7098DE" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF4A4FB65C7098DE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF4A4FB6583B98F5" bold="true" box="[151,273,1209,1234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Eye bridge with 4 facet rows; interocular suture inverted Y-shaped. Wing with base of R2+3 not connected to R4. Gonostylus bifurcated near base. Epandrial clasping lobes sickle-shaped, with two tenacula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC0FFCCFF1A4E085AE49A4E" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="description">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF1A4E085AE49A4E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF1A4E08587B9907" bold="true" box="[199,337,1287,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Description</emphasis>
. Male. Length total
<quantity id="8D6CF3B5FFC0FFCCFD944E085B8D9938" box="[585,679,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
. Head: eyes separated by 0.4 facet diameters; interocular suture inverted Y-shaped; antenna with 16 antennomeres; scape cylindrical, 1.3 times the length of pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellum with 14 flagellomeres; all flagellomeres cylindrical; basal flagellomere 1.1times the length of second; apiculus present on flagellomere 14 (fig. 2); palpus formula = 1.0:2.5:2.5:2.4; apical palp segment striated. Wing with Sc short, with apex unattached; base of R2+3 not connected to R4; radial and medial fork placed in basal half of wing; R5 unattached basally, ending slightly posterior to apex of wing (fig. 3). Terminalia: Gonocoxites contiguous with hypandrium; hypandrium narrow, arcuate in dorsal view; gonostylus bifurcated near base; basiphallus symmetrical; parameres simple, tapering to apex equaling the aedeagal length (fig. 4); epandrium nearly rectangular; hypoproct micropilose, with posterior margin rounded; epandrial clasping lobes elongate, sickle-shaped, with one apical and one subapical clavate tenacula (fig. 5).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC0FFCCFF1A4D7B58549AF2" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF1A4D7B58549AF2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF1A4D7B589D9AAA" bold="true" box="[199,439,1652,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="32831EC0FFC0FFCCFE194D7A5B069AAA" box="[452,556,1653,1677]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, state of Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológia Augusto Ruschi, (
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,
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,
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.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l.),
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC0FFCCFDC84D975B5D9A96" box="[533,631,1688,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male,
<date id="3E2A7890FFC0FFCCFD194D965A6F9A96" box="[708,837,1689,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" value="2011-09-28">28.IX.2011</date>
, Santos, CB., eighteen
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC0FFCCFB904D965D879A96" box="[1101,1197,1689,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
males with the same data as the
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC0FFCCFEC94DB358509AF2" box="[276,378,1724,1749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC0FFCCFF1A4DEF5C0E9ADE" box="[199,1316,1760,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF1A4DEF5C0E9ADE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1929]" box="[199,1316,1760,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF1A4DEF586C9ADE" bold="true" box="[199,326,1760,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named in honor of Dr. Carlos Brisola Marcondes, researcher of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFB154DEF5C0A9ADE" box="[1224,1312,1760,1785]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC0FFCCFF1A4C0B5D4B9BAE" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC0FFCCFF1A4C0B5D4B9BAE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFF1A4C0B58119B3A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1796,1821]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFE994C0A5B389B3A" box="[324,530,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brisolaii">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFE994C0A5B389B3A" box="[324,530,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tonnoira brisolaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFCB34C0B5AEE9B3A" box="[878,964,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFCB34C0B5AEE9B3A" box="[878,964,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">T.bifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFC094C095D7D9B3A" box="[980,1111,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFC094C095D7D9B3A" box="[980,1111,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">T. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFB4F4C095C299B3A" box="[1170,1283,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didyma">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFB4F4C095C299B3A" box="[1170,1283,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">T. didyma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the deeply bifurcated gonostylus and epandrial clasping lobe with two tenacula.
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC0FFCCFBCA4C255DBC9B66" box="[1047,1174,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brisolaii">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC0FFCCFBCA4C255DBC9B66" box="[1047,1174,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">T. brisolaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the other species by having an eye bridge with four facet rows devided medially by slightly less than one facet diameter, epandrial clasping lobes elongate, sickle-shaped and the epandrium nearly rectangular.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="97B4748542B7E6BF7FABAA0B0F063CE3">Four new species of Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C23DEF46FFC3FFC9FF4A4D2E587D9D43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6141183" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119413833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6141183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C23DEF46FFC3FFC9FF4A4D2E587D9D43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C23DEF46FFC3FFC9FF4A4D2E587D9D43" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
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<heading id="1163E93CFFC3FFCFFF4A4D2E5B359A1D" bold="true" box="[151,543,1569,1594]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" reason="2">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC3FFCFFF4A4D2E5B359A1D" bold="true" box="[151,543,1569,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC3FFCFFF4A4D2E58949A1D" ID-CoL="9HRY9" authority="Santos" authorityName="Santos" box="[151,446,1569,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferreirai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC3FFCFFF4A4D2E58439A1D" bold="true" box="[151,361,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Tonnoira ferreirai</emphasis>
Santos
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D33F39FFC3FFCFFE184D2E5B359A1D" box="[453,543,1569,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC3FFCFFF4A4D4B583B9A7A" blockId="2.[151,543,1569,1629]" box="[151,273,1604,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
(
<figureCitation id="D2AF42D5FFC3FFCFFF424D4B58209A7A" box="[159,266,1604,1629]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1769]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Tonnoira ferreirai sp. nov., holotype ♂. 6. Head, frontal view. 7. Wing. 8. Hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagal complex and parameres, dorsal view. 9. Epandrium and epandrial clasping lobes, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs. 6–9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC3FFCFFF4A4D835C0E9AD7" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC3FFCFFF4A4D835C0E9AD7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1676,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC3FFCFFF4A4D83583B9A82" bold="true" box="[151,273,1676,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Eye bridge divided medially by 0.3 facet diameter. Wing with base of R2+3 not connected to R4, CuA not attached basally or apically. Gonostylus bifurcated near the base with lateral branch about ¼ the length of mesal branch. Epandrial clasping lobes tapered from base to apex, strongly curved apically, with two tenacula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC3FFCEFF1A4DF45BAA9D67" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" type="description">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC3FFCEFF1A4DF45BAA9D67" blockId="2.[151,1436,1676,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC3FFCFFF1A4DF4587B9B33" bold="true" box="[199,337,1787,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Description</emphasis>
. Male. Length total
<quantity id="8D6CF3B5FFC3FFCFFDE94DF35BA69B34" box="[564,652,1788,1812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
. Head: eye bridge divided medially by 0.3 facet diameters; interocular suture inverted Y-shaped; antenna with 16 antennomeres; scape cylindrical, 1.7 times the length of pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellum with 14 flagellomeres; flagellomeres cylindrical; basal flagellomere 1.1 times the length of second; apiculus present on flagellomere 14; palpus formula = 1.0: 2.3: 2.6: 2.6 (fig. 6); apical palp segment not striated. Wing with Sc short, with apex unattached; base of R2+3 not connected to R4; R5 unattached basally, terminating slightly posterior to wing apex; CuA1 unattached basally; CuA2 free (fig. 7). Terminalia: Gonocoxites 1.6 times the length of gonostyli, contiguous with hypandrium; hypandrium narrow, arcuate in dorsal view; gonostylus bifurcated near base with lateral branch about ¼ the length of medial branch; basiphallus ovoid; parameres slightly curved, directed posterolaterally, tapering to apex, shorter than distiphallus (fig. 8); epandrium shorter than wide, appearing U-shaped with the pseudospiracular opening; hypoproct micropilose, with posterior margin rounded; epandrial clasping lobes tapered from base to apex, strongly curved near apices, each with one apical and one subapical tenaculum (fig. 9).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="1EEB0ED8FFC2FFCEFF4A4DF25D619B14" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1768]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC2FFCEFF4A4DF25D619B14" blockId="3.[151,1436,1789,1843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC2FFCEFF4A4DF258119B34" bold="true" box="[151,315,1789,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">FIGURES 6–9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC2FFCEFE9E4DF058D19B33" box="[323,507,1790,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferreirai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC2FFCEFE9E4DF058D19B33" box="[323,507,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Tonnoira ferreirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D33F39FFC2FFCEFDDE4DF05B7E9B33" box="[515,596,1791,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" rank="species">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC2FFCEFDDE4DF05B659B33" bold="true" box="[515,591,1791,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype ♂.
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC2FFCEFD394DF15BDD9B34" bold="true" box="[740,759,1790,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">6.</emphasis>
Head, frontal view.
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC2FFCEFC164DF05AF49B33" bold="true" box="[971,990,1791,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">7.</emphasis>
Wing.
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC2FFCEFBF74DF15D179B34" bold="true" box="[1066,1085,1790,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">8.</emphasis>
Hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagal complex and parameres, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC2FFCEFDC94C125B0D9B15" bold="true" box="[532,551,1821,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">9.</emphasis>
Epandrium and epandrial clasping lobes, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC2FFCEFF1A4C50582A9BE7" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC2FFCEFF1A4C50582A9BE7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1887,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC2FFCEFF1A4C50589D9B5F" bold="true" box="[199,439,1887,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="32831EC0FFC2FFCEFE194C6F5B069B5F" box="[452,556,1888,1912]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, state of Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológia Augusto Ruschi, (
<geoCoordinate id="2FA03897FFC2FFCEFF7D4C8C59D69BBB" box="[160,252,1923,1948]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" precision="925" value="-19.9">19º54’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2FA03897FFC2FFCEFED44C8B58479BBB" box="[265,365,1924,1948]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" precision="925" value="-40.55">40º33’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="5C9295D9FFC2FFCEFEA74C8B58E49BBB" box="[378,462,1923,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="generic">
<quantity id="8D6CF3B5FFC2FFCEFEA74C8B58E09BBB" box="[378,458,1923,1948]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" unit="m" value="820.0">820 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l.),
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC2FFCEFDCA4C8C5B539BBB" box="[535,633,1923,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male,
<date id="3E2A7890FFC2FFCEFD1A4C8C5A6B9BBB" box="[711,833,1923,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" value="2011-09-28">28.ix.2011</date>
, coll. C.B. Santos, five
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC2FFCEFB8C4C8B5D9B9BBB" box="[1105,1201,1924,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
males, same data as
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC2FFCEFF4A4CA859D79BE7" box="[151,253,1959,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC2FFC9FF1A4CC35D399C97" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC2FFC9FF1A4CC35D399C97" blockId="3.[151,1436,1887,2021]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC2FFCEFF1A4CC3586C9BC2" bold="true" box="[199,326,1996,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named for Dr. Adelson Luiz Ferreira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, in honor of his contributions to the study of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC5FFC9FDB54B985BDC9C97" box="[616,758,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psychodidae</taxonomicName>
in Espírito Santo,
<collectingCountry id="32831EC0FFC5FFC9FC1A4B985D259C97" box="[967,1039,151,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC5FFC9FF1A4BB3587D9D43" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC5FFC9FF1A4BB3587D9D43" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FF1A4BB358659CF2" bold="true" box="[199,335,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC5FFC9FE854BB25B0C9CF3" box="[344,550,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferreirai">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FE854BB25B0C9CF3" box="[344,550,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">Tonnoira ferreirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished from other species by the narrowly divided eye bridge with four facet rows and the bifurcate gonostyli with markedly shorter lateral branches.
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC5FFC9FB664BEE5C169CDF" box="[1211,1340,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andradei">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FB664BEE5C169CDF" box="[1211,1340,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">T. andradei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has bifurcate gonostyli, but with lateral branches longer than medial branches. Overall,
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC5FFC9FB9A4A0A5DEB9D3B" box="[1095,1217,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferreirai">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FB9A4A0A5DEB9D3B" box="[1095,1217,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">T. ferreirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be most similar morphologically to
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC5FFC9FE0C4A265B7E9D67" box="[465,596,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andradei">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FE0C4A265B7E9D67" box="[465,596,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">T. andradei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The apiculus on flagellomere 14 of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC5FFC9FBD84A265DBF9D67" box="[1029,1173,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferreirana">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FBD84A265DBF9D67" box="[1029,1173,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">T. ferreirana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC5FFC9FA5A4A2659DC9D42" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brisolaii">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FA5A4A2659DC9D42" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">T. brisolaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D2AF42D5FFC5FFC9FED84A4358609D43" box="[261,330,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,193,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[196,1392,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tonnoira brisolaii sp. nov., holotype ♂. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Flagellomeres 13 – 14. 3. Wing. 4. Hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagal complex and parameres, dorsal view. 5. Epandrium and epandrial clasping lobes, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart id="1F1890E422BD26A25674C86E8395E3F9">Santos, Claudiney Biral Dos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D036681301227887AB69D4748774144">Curler, Gregory R.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="1163E93CFFC4FFC8FF4A48BA5B319FE9" bold="true" box="[151,539,949,974]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" reason="2">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF4A48BA5B319FE9" bold="true" box="[151,539,949,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FF4A48BA58909FE9" ID-CoL="9HWF7" authority="Santos" authorityName="Santos" box="[151,442,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galatiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF4A48BA584E9FE9" bold="true" box="[151,356,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Tonnoira galatiae</emphasis>
Santos
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D33F39FFC4FFC8FE1C48BA5B319FE9" box="[449,539,949,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC4FFC8FF4A48D658079FD5" blockId="5.[151,539,949,1010]" box="[151,301,985,1010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
(
<figureCitation id="D2AF42D5FFC4FFC8FF4248D6580F9FD5" box="[159,293,985,1010]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1325,1348]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,193,1305]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Tonnoira galatiae sp. nov., holotype ♂. 14. Head, frontal view. 15. Wing. 16. Hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagal complex and parameres, dorsal view. 17. Male epandrium and epandrial clasping lobes, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Figs. 14–17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC4FFC8FF4A4F2E5DC998A2" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF4A4F2E583B981D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1057,1082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Eye bridge nearly contiguous over three facet rows, interocular suture inverted Y-shaped. Antennal flagellomeres fusiform to slightly nodiform. Wing with break in R1 near base. Hypandrium with triangular lateral projections at posterolateral margin. Gonostylus simple. Hypoproct narrowing, triangular apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC4FFC8FF1A4F9F5B849A1D" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="description">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC4FFC8FF1A4F9F5B849A1D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1057,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF1A4F9F587B988E" bold="true" box="[199,337,1168,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Description</emphasis>
. Male. Length total
<quantity id="8D6CF3B5FFC4FFC8FDE04F9E5BB2988F" box="[573,664,1169,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
. Head: eye bridge of four facet rows, divided medially by 0.2 facet diameters; interocular suture inverted Y-shaped; antennae with 16 antennomeres; scape cylindrical 1.4 times the length of pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellum with 14 flagellomeres; flagellomeres fusiform to slightly nodiform; basal three flagellomeres equal in length; apiculus present in flagellomere 14; palpus formula = 1.0:2.4:2.3:2.4 (fig. 14); apical palp segment not striated. Wing with Sc short and unattached basally and apically; R1 with break near base; base of R2+3 united and not contiguous with R4; M1+2 and CuA1 with break near base; R5 unattached basally and terminating posterior to the apex of wing (fig. 15). Terminalia: Gonocoxites contiguous with hypandrium, hypandrium with triangular projections at posterolateral margin; gonostyli simple, tapering towards the apex and with lateral margin sinuous; basiphallus symmetrical; distiphallus asymmetrical, about 1.6 times the length of parameres; parameres curved, directed laterally or posterolaterally, tapering to apex (fig. 16); epandrium wider than long; hypoproct triangular, narrowing at apex, micropilose; epandrial clasping lobes arcuate, with two clavate tenacula, one apical and one subapical (fig. 17).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC4FFC8FF1A4D4A58629A81" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC4FFC8FF1A4D4A58629A81" blockId="5.[151,1436,1057,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF1A4D4A589D9A79" bold="true" box="[199,439,1605,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="32831EC0FFC4FFC8FE194D495B069A79" box="[452,556,1606,1630]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, state of Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológia Augusto Ruschi, (
<geoCoordinate id="2FA03897FFC4FFC8FF7D4D6559D69AA4" box="[160,252,1642,1667]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" precision="925" value="-19.9">19º54’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2FA03897FFC4FFC8FED44D6558479AA5" box="[265,365,1642,1666]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" precision="925" value="-40.55">40º33’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="5C9295D9FFC4FFC8FEA74D6558E79AA4" box="[378,461,1642,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="generic">
<quantity id="8D6CF3B5FFC4FFC8FEA74D6558E39AA4" box="[378,457,1642,1667]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="820.0">820 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l.),
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC4FFC8FDC84D655B5D9AA4" box="[533,631,1642,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male,
<date id="3E2A7890FFC4FFC8FD184D655A659AA4" box="[709,847,1642,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" value="2011-12-16">16.XII.2011</date>
, Santos, CB., 31
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC4FFC8FBCB4D645D5C9AA4" box="[1046,1142,1643,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
males with the same data as the
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC4FFC8FF034D82586E9A81" box="[222,324,1677,1702]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC4FFC8FF1A4DBD58A49AC9" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC4FFC8FF1A4DBD58A49AC9" blockId="5.[151,1436,1057,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF1A4DBD586C9AEC" bold="true" box="[199,326,1714,1739]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named for Dr. Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati in honor of her contributions to the study of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FF244DDA58A09AC9" box="[249,394,1749,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psychodidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC4FFC8FF1A4DF55D039B7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC4FFC8FF1A4DF55D039B7D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1057,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF1A4DF558659B34" bold="true" box="[199,335,1786,1811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FE854DF45B089B34" box="[344,546,1786,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galatiae">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FE854DF45B089B34" box="[344,546,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Tonnoira galatiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other species that have simple gonostylus and epandrial clasping lobes arcuate with two tenacula by the triangular projections at the posterolateral margin of the hypandrium. The apiculus on flagellomere 14 of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FE294C4C5B419B7C" box="[500,619,1858,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galatiae">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FE294C4C5B419B7C" box="[500,619,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">T. galatiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FC904C4C5AED9B7C" box="[845,967,1858,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brisolaii">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FC904C4C5AED9B7C" box="[845,967,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">T. brisolaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D2AF42D5FFC4FFC8FC0B4C4D5D319B7D" box="[982,1051,1858,1883]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,193,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[196,1392,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tonnoira brisolaii sp. nov., holotype ♂. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Flagellomeres 13 – 14. 3. Wing. 4. Hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagal complex and parameres, dorsal view. 5. Epandrium and epandrial clasping lobes, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225104/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<heading id="1163E93CFFC5FFC9FF4A4AB85B0C9DF7" bold="true" box="[151,550,439,464]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" reason="2">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FF4A4AB85B0C9DF7" bold="true" box="[151,550,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC5FFC9FF4A4AB858EF9DF7" ID-CoL="9HYC9" authority="Santos" authorityName="Santos" box="[151,453,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andradei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FF4A4AB858459DF7" bold="true" box="[151,367,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">Tonnoira andradei</emphasis>
Santos
</taxonomicName>
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(
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<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC5FFC9FF4A492B5A139EA0" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC5FFC9FF4A492B5A139EA0" blockId="4.[151,1437,548,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FF4A492B583B9E1A" bold="true" box="[151,273,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Eye bridge divided medially by 0.5 facet diameters. Wing with base of R2+3 not contiguous with R4, CuA unattached basally and apically. Gonostylus bifurcate, with lateral branch slightly longer than medial branch. Epandrial clasping lobes arcuate, tapered from base to apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="1EEB0ED8FFC5FFC9FF4A4C4E5D9D9B51" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225106/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" targetBox="[151,1435,700,1835]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC5FFC9FF4A4C4E5D9D9B51" blockId="4.[151,1436,1857,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FF4A4C4E587D9B71" bold="true" box="[151,343,1857,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">FIGURES 10–13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC5FFC9FEBD4C4D5B0A9B70" box="[352,544,1857,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andradei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FEBD4C4D5B0A9B70" box="[352,544,1857,1879]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">Tonnoira andradei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63D33F39FFC5FFC9FDF74C4D5B579B70" box="[554,637,1858,1879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FDF74C4D5B5D9B70" bold="true" box="[554,631,1858,1879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype ♂.
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FCCF4C4E5A1B9B71" bold="true" box="[786,817,1857,1878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">10.</emphasis>
Head, frontal view.
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FBD14C4E5D039B70" bold="true" box="[1036,1065,1857,1879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">11.</emphasis>
Wing.
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FBA64C4E5DB09B71" bold="true" box="[1147,1178,1857,1878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">12.</emphasis>
Hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagal complex and parameres, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC5FFC9FDAE4C6F5BB89B52" bold="true" box="[627,658,1888,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">13.</emphasis>
Epandrium and epandrial clasping lobes, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC4FFC8FF1A4B9858409E39" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="description">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC4FFC8FF1A4B9858409E39" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF1A4B98587B9C97" bold="true" box="[199,337,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Description</emphasis>
. Male. Length total
<quantity id="8D6CF3B5FFC4FFC8FDE94B985BA69C88" box="[564,652,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
. Head: eye bridge divided medially by 0.5 facet diameters; interocular suture inverted Y-shaped; antenna with 16 antennomeres; scape cylindrical, 1.9 times the length of pedicel; pedicel spherical; all flagellomeres cylindrical; basal flagellomere 1.1 times the length of second, slightly wider than remaining flagellomeres; apiculus present on flagellomere 14; palpus formula = 1.0: 3.0: 2.6: 2.6 (fig. 10); apical palp segmet not striated. Wing with Sc short, unattached basally and apically, with break near base; base of R2+3 not contiguous with R4; R4 unattached, with break near the base; CuA1 unattached basally; CuA2 unattached basally (fig. 11). Terminalia: Gonocoxites 1.6 times the length of gonostyli, contiguous with hypandrium; gonostyli bifurcated near mid-length; basiphallus appearing trapezoidal in dorsal view; parameres slightly curved, directed posterolaterally, tapering to apex, shorter than distiphallus (fig. 12); hypoproct micropilose, with posterior margin rounded; epandrial clasping lobes arcuate, tapered from base to apex, with two clavate tenacula, one apical and one subapical (fig. 13).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC4FFC8FF1A4926582A9EAD" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC4FFC8FF1A4926582A9EAD" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF1A4926589A9E65" bold="true" box="[199,432,553,578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="32831EC0FFC4FFC8FE6B49255B349E65" box="[438,542,554,578]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, Espírito Santo state, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológia Augusto Ruschi, (
<geoCoordinate id="2FA03897FFC4FFC8FAE649265CB29E65" box="[1339,1432,553,578]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" precision="925" value="-19.9">19º54’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2FA03897FFC4FFC8FF4A494159D19E41" box="[151,251,590,614]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" precision="925" value="-40.55">40º33’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="5C9295D9FFC4FFC8FED7494158759E41" box="[266,351,589,614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="generic">
<quantity id="8D6CF3B5FFC4FFC8FED7494158719E41" box="[266,347,589,614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="820.0">820 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l.),
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC4FFC8FE7749425B269E41" box="[426,524,589,614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male,
<date id="3E2A7890FFC4FFC8FD8349415BF59E41" box="[606,735,590,614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" value="2011-09-28">28.IX.2011</date>
, Santos, CB., five
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC4FFC8FC6049415D349E41" box="[957,1054,590,614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
males with the same data as the
<typeStatus id="952FE0F2FFC4FFC8FF4A497E59D79EAD" box="[151,253,625,650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC4FFC8FF1A499A58069ED1" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC4FFC8FF1A499A58069ED1" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF1A499A586C9E89" bold="true" box="[199,326,661,686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named for Dr. José Dilermando Andrade Filho, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/ Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,
<collectingCountry id="32831EC0FFC4FFC8FCE549B65A559EF5" box="[824,895,697,722]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, in honor of his contributions to the study of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FF4A49D258029ED1" box="[151,296,733,758]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psychodidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="028E0DDBFFC4FFC8FF1A480E5B909F45" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4A2B5E50FFC4FFC8FF1A480E5B909F45" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FF1A480E58659F3D" bold="true" box="[199,335,769,794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FE8A480D5B019F3D" box="[343,555,769,794]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andradei">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FE8A480D5B019F3D" box="[343,555,769,794]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Tonnoira andradei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique in that it is the only species of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FBDA480D5D469F3E" box="[1031,1132,770,793]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FBDA480D5D469F3E" box="[1031,1132,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Tonnoira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described to date with the gonostyli bifurcated at midlength and having branches of nearly equal length. The apiculus on flagellomere 14 of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FA5A482959D69F45" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andradei">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FA5A482959D69F45" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">T. andradei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="8D9425D3FFC4FFC8FE0048455B729F45" box="[477,600,841,866]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Tonnoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brisolaii">
<emphasis id="78E08242FFC4FFC8FE0048455B729F45" box="[477,600,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">T. brisolaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D2AF42D5FFC4FFC8FDBA48465B879F45" box="[615,685,841,866]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,193,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[196,1392,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tonnoira brisolaii sp. nov., holotype ♂. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Flagellomeres 13 – 14. 3. Wing. 4. Hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagal complex and parameres, dorsal view. 5. Epandrium and epandrial clasping lobes, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225104/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>