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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" ID-PMC="PMC5523159" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-682-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFBCE458FFDBFFC93B2EFFB2F562FFBE" ID-PubMed="28769723" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3484859" ID-ZooBank="0AE82225C67E4D908BBEC30124E6C312" ModsDocID="1313-2970-682-1" checkinTime="1502744574757" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Foon, Junn Kitt, Clements, Gopalasamy Reuben &amp; Liew, Thor-Seng" docDate="2017" docId="C231012F8BD85F43ABF1900F5CF83634" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 682: 1-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 682" docPubDate="2017-07-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" docTitle="Alycaeus perakensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFBCE458FFDBFFC93B2EFFB2F562FFBE" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="FFBCE458FFDBFFC93B2EFFB2F562FFBE" masterDocTitle="Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1668164573306" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Foon, Junn Kitt</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia &amp; Rimba, 22 - 3 A, Casa Kiara 2, Jalan Kiara 5, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Clements, Gopalasamy Reuben</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Rimba, 22 - 3 A, Casa Kiara 2, Jalan Kiara 5, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia &amp; Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liew, Thor-Seng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia &amp; Rimba, 22 - 3 A, Casa Kiara 2, Jalan Kiara 5, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thorsengliew@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2017-07-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>682</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>94</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-682-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0AE82225C67E4D908BBEC30124E6C312</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFBCE458FFDBFFC93B2EFFB2F562FFBE</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3484859</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182230678" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C231012F8BD85F43ABF1900F5CF83634" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C231012F8BD85F43ABF1900F5CF83634" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName LSID="C231012F-8BD8-5F43-ABF1-900F5CF83634" authority="(Crosse, 1879 a)" baseAuthorityName="Crosse" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus perakensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perakensis">Alycaeus perakensis (Crosse, 1879a)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A. Acmella ' Kanthan 1 ' BOR / MOL 9781. Perak, Ipoh, Bat Cave Hill Plot 1 B Alycaeus conformis Fulton, 1902 BOR / MOL 10057. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Rapat Plot C 3 C Alycaeus gibbosulus (Stoliczka, 1872) BOR / MOL 9436. Perak, Ipoh, Mykarst- 025 Plot 3 D Alycaeus jousseaumei (de Morgan, 1885 a) BOR / MOL 11211. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Tempurung Plot 3 E Alycaeus kapayanesis (de Morgan, 1885 a) BOR / MOL 11385. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Tempurung Plot 2 F Alycaeus perakensis (Crosse, 1879) BOR / MOL 11506. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Pondok, plot 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.682.12999.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143342" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 4F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Materials examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MOL 10088" collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Batu Kebelah, Prk, Bt Kepala Gajah" location="Bat Cave" specimenCount="1">
mykarst-184
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C231012F8BD85F43ABF1900F5CF83634:65E5F7551321CC14EFC0C5CED8C1549F" name="Bat Cave">Bat Cave</location>
: BOR/MOL 9877, BOR/MOL 9799, BOR/MOL 9833, BOR/MOL 9770. mykarst-185
<collectorName>Batu Kebelah</collectorName>
: BOR/MOL 9546, BOR/MOL 9565, BOR/MOL 9573, BOR/MOL 9585.
<collectorName>Prk</collectorName>
64
<collectorName>Bt Kepala Gajah</collectorName>
: BOR/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MOL10088">MOL 10088</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MOL 10124" collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" specimenCount="1">
BOR/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MOL10124">MOL 10124</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MOL 10136" collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" specimenCount="1">
BOR/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MOL10136">MOL 10136</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MOL 10166" collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" specimenCount="1">
BOR/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MOL10166">MOL 10166</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MOL 11506" collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="G. Pondok" location="Prk" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C231012F8BD85F43ABF1900F5CF83634:B4CA898DBBFDB364C02E6CC132DC69C9" name="Prk">Prk</location>
55
<collectorName>G. Pondok</collectorName>
: BOR/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MOL11506">MOL 11506</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MOL 11479" collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" specimenCount="1">
BOR/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MOL11479">MOL 11479</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MOL 11539" collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" specimenCount="1">
BOR/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MOL11539">MOL 11539</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MOL 11563" collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" specimenCount="1">
BOR/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MOL11563">MOL 11563</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Known from Upper Kinta Valley and Perak River Valley, Perak only.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Shell larger than
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Morgan" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus kapayanensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kapayanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Alycaeus kapayanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Tall spire, conical shell. Penultimate whorl more expanded than
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. kapayanensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species" species="kapayanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A. kapayanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Peristome expanded and reflected. Shell lemon yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8347159-0e7f-4951-9212-5a3bc41ceb15" ID-PMC="PMC4304016" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-471-1" ID-PubMed="25632245" ID-ZBK="9068F500995E4D1893A4A79ECB9A4ABB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-471-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 471" ModsDocTitle="Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780–1857), Turin" checkinTime="1451244849908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rosa, Paolo &amp; Xu, Zai-fu" docDate="2015" docId="C2315EF16B70088A8BAC2538C549E11D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 471: 1-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 471" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558" docTitle="Chrysis episcopalis Spinola 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FF692F5EFFC5FFDDFFE1FFC7FFFF7D1B" masterDocTitle="Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668159800154" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xu, Zai-fu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>471</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>96</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9068F500995E4D1893A4A79ECB9A4ABB</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152057667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2315EF16B70088A8BAC2538C549E11D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2315EF16B70088A8BAC2538C549E11D" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName authority="Spinola, 1838" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis episcopalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">Chrysis episcopalis Spinola, 1838</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis episcopalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">Chrysis episcopalis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="437 - 546" title="Comte rendu des Hymenopteres recuillis par M. Fischer pendant son voyage en Egypte, et communiques par M. le Docteur Waltl a Maximilien Spinola." volume="7" year="1838">Spinola 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 449 nec Bloch, 1799.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Egypt.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="material">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Lectotype (here designated) ♀.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis episcopalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">Chrysis episcopalis</taxonomicName>
, Spin.; D. Waltl,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Égypte">Egypte</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Paralectotype 1♀. idem.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Catalogue Casolari &amp; Casolari Moreno.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis episcopalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">Chrysis episcopalis</taxonomicName>
, 1, 23, 95, 2 (box 51).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
We designate a lectotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis episcopalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">Chrysis episcopalis</taxonomicName>
Spinola using one of two syntypes, the one less severely damaged. The second available syntype is badly damaged, with its metasoma glued on the mesosoma. The name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis episcopalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">Chrysis episcopalis</taxonomicName>
Spinola was used as a valid name until recently, when
<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="University Press, New York" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The Chrysidid Wasps of the World." year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart (1991</bibRefCitation>
: 469) observed that it was a junior homonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis episcopalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">Chrysis episcopalis</taxonomicName>
Block, 1799. They suggested to use the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis syriaca" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syriaca">Chrysis syriaca</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin">Guerin</normalizedToken>
, 1842. However,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis episcopalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">Chrysis episcopalis</taxonomicName>
Block is no longer congeneric with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysis</taxonomicName>
and no author has used the name
<taxonomicName lsidName="episcopalis" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="episcopalis">episcopalis</taxonomicName>
Block after the year 1899. Therefore, according to Article 23.9.5 of the Code, the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis episcopalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">Chrysis episcopalis</taxonomicName>
Spinola is a valid and available name in the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysis</taxonomicName>
. It belongs to the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis viridissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridissima">Chrysis viridissima</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="current status">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Current status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis syriaca" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syriaca">Chrysis syriaca</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin">Guerin</normalizedToken>
, 1842 (synonymised by
<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="University Press, New York" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The Chrysidid Wasps of the World." year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 469).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/C2/31/8F/C2318F7C3D1F388491ABB5BE9BFB5735.xml Normal file
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<mods:namePart>Miller, Jeremy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Griswold, Charles E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Řezac, Milan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Szűts, Tamas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Marhabaie, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>195</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>144</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-195-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2318F7C3D1F388491ABB5BE9BFB5735" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2318F7C3D1F388491ABB5BE9BFB5735" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Seothyra" authority="Purcell" class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra" order="Araneae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Seothyra Purcell</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra" order="Araneae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Seothyra</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Purcell, WF" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="13 - 40" title="New Arachnida collected by Mr. S. C. Cronwright Schreiner at Hanover, Cape Colony." volume="3" year="1903">Purcell 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 31;
<bibRefCitation author="Lehtinen, PT" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="199 - 468" title="Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families." volume="4" year="1967">Lehtinen 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 264;
<bibRefCitation author="Dippenaar-Schoeman, AS" journalOrPublisher="Cimbebasia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="135 - 160" title="A revision of the African spider genus Seothyra Purcell (Araneae: Eresidae)." volume="12" year="1990">Dippenaar-Schoeman 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 136. Type species
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra schreineri" order="Araneae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schreineri">Seothyra schreineri</taxonomicName>
Purcell, 1903.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="note">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra" order="Araneae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Seothyra</taxonomicName>
contains 13 recognized species from southern Africa and was revised by
<bibRefCitation author="Dippenaar-Schoeman, AS" journalOrPublisher="Cimbebasia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="135 - 160" title="A revision of the African spider genus Seothyra Purcell (Araneae: Eresidae)." volume="12" year="1990">Dippenaar-Schoeman (1990)</bibRefCitation>
. We examined specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra henscheli" order="Araneae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henscheli">Seothyra henscheli</taxonomicName>
Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991 from Namibia. Our species identification was based on the recent revision; we did not seek to examine type material. See
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Dorceus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dorceus" order="Araneae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dorceus</taxonomicName>
for note on phylogenetic relationships.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Distinguished from other eresid genera except
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Dorceus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dorceus" order="Araneae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dorceus</taxonomicName>
by the small eyes subequal in size (AME/PME&gt; 0.7, Figs 10I, K, 72C, G), and the long, extensible ALS contrasting with reduced PLS (Fig. 72D, although ALS may be retracted and therefore not look so long). Male distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Dorceus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dorceus" order="Araneae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dorceus</taxonomicName>
by the enlarged leg I
<pageBreakToken pageId="75" pageNumber="76" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
Figs 72A, B, 74A; legs I and II subequal in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Dorceus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dorceus" order="Araneae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dorceus</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 26A), and by the form of the conductor, which is highly variable and elaborate and usually longer than the tegular division (Figs 15A, B, 72I, J, 73
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
; a simple spiral or L-shape hook and shorter than the tegular division in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Dorceus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dorceus" order="Araneae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dorceus</taxonomicName>
, Figs 12D, E, 26I, J; see
<bibRefCitation author="El-Hennawy, HK" journalOrPublisher="Serket" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="57 - 72" title="Revision of the North African spider genus Dorceus C. L. Koch, 1846 (Araneida: Eresidae)." volume="8" year="2002">El-Hennawy 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Female distinguished by the median lobe of the epigynum, which is clearly longer than wide with a central constriction (Figs 18C; 76A; wider than long with more or less straight, converging lateral margins in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Dorceus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dorceus" order="Araneae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dorceus</taxonomicName>
, Figs 16B, 29C) and by the lack of ampullate gland spigots on the ALS (Fig. 77B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="distinguishing species">
<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Distinguishing species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra" order="Araneae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Seothyra</taxonomicName>
was revised by
<bibRefCitation author="Dippenaar-Schoeman, AS" journalOrPublisher="Cimbebasia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="135 - 160" title="A revision of the African spider genus Seothyra Purcell (Araneae: Eresidae)." volume="12" year="1990">Dippenaar-Schoeman in 1990</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
Known from semi-stabilized sand dunes in semiarid desert (
<bibRefCitation author="Dippenaar-Schoeman, AS" journalOrPublisher="Cimbebasia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="135 - 160" title="A revision of the African spider genus Seothyra Purcell (Araneae: Eresidae)." volume="12" year="1990">Dippenaar-Schoeman 1990</bibRefCitation>
). They build a simple straight to curved 5-15 cm deep burrow (Fig. 4H). The opening is covered by two or four lobed silk flaps covered with sand, resembling a hoof print (Fig. 4G;
<bibRefCitation author="Lubin, YD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Desert Ecological Research Unit" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="10 - 12" title="Namib and Negev spiders: a comparison of foraging adaptations." volume="8" year="1989">Lubin 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, HM" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen naturwissenschaften vereins Hamburg (NF)" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="191 - 211" title="On the burrowing behaviour and the production and use of silk in Seothyra, a sand-inhabiting spider from the Namib Desert (Arachnida, Araneae, Eresidae)." volume="33" year="1992 a">Peters 1992a</bibRefCitation>
). Prey remnants are placed at the bottom of the burrow. The spider positions itself upside down under the burrow cover (
<bibRefCitation author="Filmer, MR" journalOrPublisher="An Identification Guide. Struik Publishers, Cape Town" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" title="Southern African Spiders." year="1995">Filmer 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Prey are mainly ants (
<bibRefCitation author="Dippenaar-Schoeman, AS" journalOrPublisher="Cimbebasia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="135 - 160" title="A revision of the African spider genus Seothyra Purcell (Araneae: Eresidae)." volume="12" year="1990">Dippenaar-Schoeman 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Eggs hatch at the beginning of summer. Juveniles feed on their
<normalizedToken originalValue="mother’s">mother's</normalizedToken>
corpse before dispersing (cf. Fig. 3D). Mating occurs in April and May. Males are active during the day, mimicking
<taxonomicName class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Camponotus</taxonomicName>
ants and mutillid wasps in behavior and appearance (
<bibRefCitation author="Henschel, JR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Desert Ecological Research Unit" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="12 - 13" title="On spoons and spiders." volume="8" year="1989">Henschel 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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