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<document id="CE25A2445A0FC86C6EDD1A1FC2B297BB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3951.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950882" ID-ZooBank="E7007E10-EC53-4B2E-9F9F-26E18B46AD8B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1740843784889" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M. &amp; De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2015" docId="250587A2A901FF80FF761A74FE067CD4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.3951.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3951 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3951.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Ernstia indonesiae Soest &amp; Voogd, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="D93CFFDAA915FF95FFE1196DFFB27B63" masterDocTitle="Calcareous sponges of Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1740844687203" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FF761A74FEC87850" ID-CoL="8J482" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,378,793,819]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="indonesiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF761A74FEC87850" bold="true" box="[151,378,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ernstia indonesiae</emphasis>
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,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FEA21A51FE387836" box="[323,394,828,853]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1133,1155]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1107]" captionTargetId="figure-350@22.[151,1436,151,1107]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia indonesiae sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16659, SEM images of the spicules, a, triactine, b, tetractine, c, detail of apical actine of tetractine, d, small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950924/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">14ad</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FE741A51FE6B7836" box="[405,473,828,853]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-177@23.[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov.,paratype ZMA Por. 07934 from Karang Kaledupa, SE Sulawesi, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), ce, SEM images of the spicules, c, various tetractines, d, various triactines, e, diactines, e1, detail of apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950927/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15ae</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF761AE9FF1678FA" box="[151,164,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">?</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF4B1AE9FEBF78F9" box="[170,269,900,922]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Clathrina</emphasis>
sp.
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Colin &amp; Anderson, 1995: 59, photo 228.
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF761AABFECC78BC" bold="true" box="[151,382,966,991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined</emphasis>
.
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Por. 16659,
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stat. 152/
<collectorName id="00595362A901FF81FF291DF3FEB07FD4" box="[200,258,1182,1207]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cave</collectorName>
2/02,
<date id="D9121074A901FF81FEAC1DF3FD9C7FD4" box="[333,558,1182,1207]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1984-09-28">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA901FF81FEAC1DF3FD9C7FD4" box="[333,558,1182,1207]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1984-09-28">28 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A901FF81FDDD1DF3FDFC7FB9" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="SW Salayar, NW" country="Indonesia" elevation="3" latitude="-6.35" location="Pulau Guang" longLatPrecision="783" longitude="120.45" municipality="Por." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A901FF81FDDD1DF3FDC87FD4" box="[572,634,1182,1207]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ZMA</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA901FF81FD651DF2FD027FD5" box="[644,688,1183,1206]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Por.</collectingMunicipality>
09486,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A901FF81FCEE1DF3FCCD7FD4" box="[783,895,1182,1207]" name="Indonesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A901FF81FC571DF3FBAC7FD4" box="[950,1054,1182,1207]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A901FF81FBCA1DF3FB5D7FD5" box="[1067,1263,1182,1207]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SW Salayar, NW</collectorName>
coast of
<location id="A873606FA901FF81FABD1DF3FF567FB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A901FF80FF761A74FE067CD4:A873606FA901FF81FABD1DF3FF567FB8" country="Indonesia" latitude="-6.35" longLatPrecision="783" longitude="120.45" municipality="Por." name="Pulau Guang" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Pulau Guang</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A901FF81FF0E1DAFFE8C7FB8" box="[239,318,1218,1243]" degrees="6.35" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" precision="555" value="-6.35">6.35°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A901FF81FEA81DAFFE077FB8" box="[329,437,1218,1243]" degrees="120.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" precision="555" value="120.45">120.45°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A901FF81FDE71DAFFDFC7FB9" box="[518,590,1218,1243]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A901FF81FDE71DAFFDFC7FB9" box="[518,590,1218,1243]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">24 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A901FF81FDBB1DAFFD087FB8" box="[602,698,1218,1243]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A901FF81FD1F1DAEFDC77F9C" collectingDate="1984-09-28" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. M. van Soest &amp; Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition &amp; Cave" country="Indonesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A901FF81FD1F1DAEFCA17FB9" box="[766,787,1219,1242]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="00595362A901FF81FCF71DAEFC797FB8" box="[790,971,1218,1243]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A901FF81FC361DAFFA2E7FB8" box="[983,1436,1218,1243]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 152/
<collectorName id="00595362A901FF81FF1F1D8BFE8A7F9C" box="[254,312,1254,1279]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cave</collectorName>
1/06A,
<date id="D9121074A901FF81FE771D8BFDC77F9C" box="[406,629,1254,1279]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1984-09-28">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA901FF81FE771D8BFDC77F9C" box="[406,629,1254,1279]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1984-09-28">28 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A901FF81FD631D8BFD2E7E41" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="SW Salayar, NW" country="Indonesia" elevation="4" latitude="-6.35" location="Pulau Guang" longLatPrecision="783" longitude="120.45" municipality="Por." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A901FF81FD631D8BFD727F9C" box="[642,704,1254,1279]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ZMA</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA901FF81FD291D8AFD477F9D" box="[712,757,1255,1278]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Por.</collectingMunicipality>
15509c,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A901FF81FCBE1D8BFC7D7F9C" box="[863,975,1254,1279]" name="Indonesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A901FF81FBE51D8BFBDE7F9C" box="[1028,1132,1254,1279]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A901FF81FB991D8BFA897F9D" box="[1144,1339,1254,1279]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SW Salayar, NW</collectorName>
coast of
<location id="A873606FA901FF81FF761C67FE9C7E40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A901FF80FF761A74FE067CD4:A873606FA901FF81FF761C67FE9C7E40" box="[151,302,1290,1315]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-6.35" longLatPrecision="783" longitude="120.45" municipality="Por." name="Pulau Guang" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Pulau Guang</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A901FF81FEDA1C67FE347E40" box="[315,390,1290,1315]" degrees="6.35" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" precision="555" value="-6.35">6.35°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A901FF81FE711C67FE497E40" box="[400,507,1290,1315]" degrees="120.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" precision="555" value="120.45">120.45°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A901FF81FDB01C67FD2E7E41" box="[593,668,1290,1315]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A901FF81FDB01C67FD2E7E41" box="[593,668,1290,1315]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">34 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A901FF81FD4B1C67FDD07E24" collectingDate="1984-09-28" collectionCode="SCUBA" collectorName="H. A. ten Hove &amp; Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition &amp; Cave" country="Indonesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A901FF81FD4B1C67FCB87E40" box="[682,778,1290,1315]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SCUBA</collectionCode>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A901FF81FCF91C67FC707E41" box="[792,962,1290,1315]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H.A. ten Hove</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A901FF81FC311C67FA2E7E40" box="[976,1436,1290,1315]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 152/
<collectorName id="00595362A901FF81FF1C1C43FE857E24" box="[253,311,1326,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cave</collectorName>
1/A3,
<date id="D9121074A901FF81FE651C43FDD07E24" box="[388,610,1326,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1984-09-28">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA901FF81FE651C43FDD07E24" box="[388,610,1326,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1984-09-28">28 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA901FF81FF261C3FFF6B7CE4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261C3FFF647EB5" blockId="20.[151,1437,966,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF261C3FFEE37E08" bold="true" box="[199,337,1362,1387]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
. Rounded mass of interwoven tubes (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FD171C3FFCE77E08" box="[758,853,1362,1387]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1606,1628]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-186@21.[151,1436,193,1585]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ernstia indonesiae sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16659 from Langkai, SW Sulawesi, a, habitus in situ (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950920/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13a</figureCitation>
), individual tubes
<quantity id="6A549B51A901FF81FBC21C3FFB327E09" box="[1059,1152,1362,1387]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13 mm</quantity>
in diameter. In the one
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FA671C3EFF727EED" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">in situ</emphasis>
photo several oscules at the end of water-collecting tubes are apparent but these are not visible in the preserved material (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FEE01CF7FED47ED0" box="[257,358,1434,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1606,1628]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-186@21.[151,1436,193,1585]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ernstia indonesiae sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16659 from Langkai, SW Sulawesi, a, habitus in situ (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950920/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 13b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FE901CF7FE2F7ED0" box="[369,413,1434,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-177@23.[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov.,paratype ZMA Por. 07934 from Karang Kaledupa, SE Sulawesi, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), ce, SEM images of the spicules, c, various tetractines, d, various triactines, e, diactines, e1, detail of apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950927/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15a</figureCitation>
). Live color pinkish white, in alcohol pale orange. Overall size of specimens up to 5 x 4.5 x
<quantity id="6A549B51A901FF81FF761CD3FF607EB5" box="[151,210,1470,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261C8FFE2E7D7C" blockId="20.[151,1437,966,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF261C8FFE9F7E98" bold="true" box="[199,301,1506,1531]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Skeleton</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FEA41C8FFE187E98" box="[325,426,1506,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1606,1628]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-186@21.[151,1436,193,1585]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ernstia indonesiae sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16659 from Langkai, SW Sulawesi, a, habitus in situ (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950920/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 13c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FE561C8FFE537E98" box="[439,481,1506,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-177@23.[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov.,paratype ZMA Por. 07934 from Karang Kaledupa, SE Sulawesi, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), ce, SEM images of the spicules, c, various tetractines, d, various triactines, e, diactines, e1, detail of apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950927/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15b</figureCitation>
) Walls of tubes formed by a one or two layers of triactines and tetractines arranged without apparent order.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261F47FC347D20" blockId="20.[151,1437,966,2035]" box="[199,902,1578,1603]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF261F47FE9B7D20" bold="true" box="[199,297,1578,1603]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FEDF1F47FE0C7D20" box="[318,446,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1133,1155]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1107]" captionTargetId="figure-350@22.[151,1436,151,1107]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia indonesiae sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16659, SEM images of the spicules, a, triactine, b, tetractine, c, detail of apical actine of tetractine, d, small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950924/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 14ad</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FE2B1F47FDBC7D20" box="[458,526,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-177@23.[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov.,paratype ZMA Por. 07934 from Karang Kaledupa, SE Sulawesi, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), ce, SEM images of the spicules, c, various tetractines, d, various triactines, e, diactines, e1, detail of apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950927/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15ce</figureCitation>
) Triactines, tetractines, diactines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261F23FD6C7DE8" blockId="20.[151,1437,966,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FEA61F23FE1C7D04" box="[327,430,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1133,1155]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1107]" captionTargetId="figure-350@22.[151,1436,151,1107]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia indonesiae sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16659, SEM images of the spicules, a, triactine, b, tetractine, c, detail of apical actine of tetractine, d, small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950924/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 14a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FE5D1F23FE5A7D04" box="[444,488,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-177@23.[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov.,paratype ZMA Por. 07934 from Karang Kaledupa, SE Sulawesi, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), ce, SEM images of the spicules, c, various tetractines, d, various triactines, e, diactines, e1, detail of apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950927/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15d</figureCitation>
), equiangular equiactinal, in a large size range, but no clear division in larger and smaller categories, 90
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FE7B1F1FFE6B7DE8" box="[410,473,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">206.7</emphasis>
269 x 10
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FDB61F1FFD3A7DE8" box="[599,648,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">17.3</emphasis>
22 µm
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261FFBFB297C78" blockId="20.[151,1437,966,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FEB11FFBFE607DCC" box="[336,466,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1133,1155]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1107]" captionTargetId="figure-350@22.[151,1436,151,1107]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia indonesiae sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16659, SEM images of the spicules, a, triactine, b, tetractine, c, detail of apical actine of tetractine, d, small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950924/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 14bd</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FE3F1FFBFDBB7DCC" box="[478,521,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-177@23.[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov.,paratype ZMA Por. 07934 from Karang Kaledupa, SE Sulawesi, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), ce, SEM images of the spicules, c, various tetractines, d, various triactines, e, diactines, e1, detail of apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950927/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15c</figureCitation>
), less diverse in size, but divisible into those with regular equiangular equiactinal basal radiate systems, actines 85
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FDC31FD7FDD37DB0" box="[546,609,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">214.2</emphasis>
249 x 12
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FD081FD7FCA87DB0" box="[745,794,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">17.8</emphasis>
22 µm, apical actines long and sometimes wavy, 57
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF761FB3FF647D94" box="[151,214,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">124.1</emphasis>
204 x 6
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FEAC1FB3FECC7D94" box="[333,382,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">10.7</emphasis>
14 µm; and parasagittal tetractines with unpaired actines, straight, 198210 x 1214 µm, paired actines usually curved or wavy, 137159 x 1214 µm, apical actines 5060 x 10 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261E4BFF6B7CE4" blockId="20.[151,1437,966,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Diactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FEA31E4BFE167C5C" box="[322,420,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-177@23.[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov.,paratype ZMA Por. 07934 from Karang Kaledupa, SE Sulawesi, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), ce, SEM images of the spicules, c, various tetractines, d, various triactines, e, diactines, e1, detail of apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950927/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 15e</figureCitation>
), uncommon, curved, usually with one end thicker and mucronate, (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FB561E4BFAA87C5C" box="[1207,1306,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-177@23.[153,1433,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov.,paratype ZMA Por. 07934 from Karang Kaledupa, SE Sulawesi, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), ce, SEM images of the spicules, c, various tetractines, d, various triactines, e, diactines, e1, detail of apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950927/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 15e</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="35972A31A901FF81FAFB1E4BFA967C5C" box="[1306,1316,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1274,1296]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,735,1251]" captionTargetId="figure-396@5.[227,1360,735,1251]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Indonesia and adjacent countries showing approximate distribution of the sample location. Each white square represents one or more localities, and one or more specimens. Detailed locality positions are provided in the material examined data with each species (Free Edition map courtesy www.primap.com)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950886/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1</figureCitation>
) the other end tapering gradually into a thin straight or curved ending, usually broken into fragments, 200
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FB301E27FB497C00" box="[1233,1275,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">345</emphasis>
600 x 2
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FA8A1E27FA3C7C00" box="[1387,1422,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.6</emphasis>
9 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA901FF81FF261EFFFD967CC8" box="[199,548,1938,1963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261EFFFD967CC8" blockId="20.[151,1437,966,2035]" box="[199,548,1938,1963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF261EFFFE967CC8" bold="true" box="[199,292,1938,1963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecology</emphasis>
. Reefs, shallow depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA901FF81FF261EDBFE6E7CAC" box="[199,476,1974,1999]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261EDBFE6E7CAC" blockId="20.[151,1437,966,2035]" box="[199,476,1974,1999]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF261EDBFED27CAC" bold="true" box="[199,352,1974,1999]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A901FF81FE861EDBFE6A7CAC" box="[359,472,1974,1999]" name="Indonesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA901FF81FF261EB7FD537C90" box="[199,737,2010,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261EB7FD537C90" blockId="20.[151,1437,966,2035]" box="[199,737,2010,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF261EB7FEFC7C90" bold="true" box="[199,334,2010,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after the country
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A901FF81FD8D1EB7FD6F7C90" box="[620,733,2010,2035]" name="Indonesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F9D3663CA900FF80FF761F2BFB737D18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950920/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[151,250,1606,1628]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1585]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A900FF80FF761F2BFB737D18" blockId="21.[151,1436,1606,1659]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FF761F2BFEA97D3F" bold="true" box="[151,283,1606,1628]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 13</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A900FF80FECB1F2AFE597D3F" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[298,491,1606,1628]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="indonesiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FECB1F2AFE597D3F" box="[298,491,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ernstia indonesiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FE121F2AFDF47D3F" bold="true" box="[499,582,1607,1628]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA900FF80FE121F2AFDF47D3F" box="[499,582,1607,1628]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype ZMA Por. 16659 from Langkai, SW Sulawesi, a, habitus
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FAF11F2AFAE37D3F" box="[1296,1361,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">in situ</emphasis>
(photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA900FF80FF261FCFFE067CD4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A900FF80FF261FCFFC8C7C0C" blockId="21.[151,1436,1698,1975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FF261FCFFE867DD8" bold="true" box="[199,308,1698,1723]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
. In the key of
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A900FF80FE191FCFFCF77DD8" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C." box="[504,837,1698,1723]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref55529" refString="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C. (2003). Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 139 (1), 1-62" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, this material keys out as the Japanese
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A900FF80FACE1FCFFE7C7DBC" authority="(Hozawa, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagamiana">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FACE1FCFFEA07DBD" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Clathrina sagamiana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A900FF80FEC01FABFE747DBC" author="Hozawa, S." box="[289,454,1734,1759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="277 - 389" refId="ref55372" refString="Hozawa, S. (1929) Studies on the calcareous sponges of Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Sciences Imperial University of Tokyo, 1, 277-389." type="journal article" year="1929">Hôzawa, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(p. 281, pl. XIII figs 12, textfig. 1), assigned to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A900FF80FC1D1FAAFBFD7DBD" authorityName="Klautau, Azevedo, Condor-Lujan, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo" authorityYear="2013" box="[1020,1103,1735,1758]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FC1D1FAAFBFD7DBD" box="[1020,1103,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ernstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A900FF80FB951FABFAE27DBC" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[1140,1360,1734,1759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FB351FAAFABE7DBC" box="[1236,1292,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
. There are considerable differences between
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A900FF80FDDD1F86FD657C61" baseAuthorityName="Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[572,727,1771,1794]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagamiana">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FDDD1F86FD657C61" box="[572,727,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E. sagamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and our specimens: the triactines of the former are smaller, the apical actines of the tetractines are longer, and the diactines are also longer. Parasagittal tetractines were not mentioned by Hôzawa. A further problem is that our material is all from shallow-water reefs and reef caves, whereas the Japanese material was collected at
<quantity id="6A549B51A900FF80FD4B1E3BFD437C0D" box="[682,753,1878,1903]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="171.0">171 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A900FF80FF261E16FE067CD4" blockId="21.[151,1436,1698,1975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
It is likely that our specimens are conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A900FF80FCF71E17FC1F7CF1" box="[790,941,1914,1939]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A900FF80FCF71E17FC317CF0" box="[790,899,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Clathrina</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
sensu Colin &amp; Arneson (1996: photo 228) from
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A900FF80FF351EF2FE037CD4" box="[212,433,1950,1975]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF761D31FD807F15" blockId="19.[151,562,1116,1175]" box="[151,562,1116,1142]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="F65B81D8A906FF86FF761D31FD807F15" bold="true" box="[151,562,1116,1142]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="4">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF761D31FD807F15" bold="true" box="[151,562,1116,1142]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A906FF86FF761D31FE7F7F15" ID-CoL="8R78X" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,461,1116,1142]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Arthuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubuloreticulosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF761D31FE7F7F15" bold="true" box="[151,461,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Arthuria tubuloreticulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA906FF86FE351D31FD807F15" box="[468,562,1116,1142]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF761D13FE347FF4" blockId="19.[151,562,1116,1175]" box="[151,390,1150,1175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A906FF86FF761D13FE847FF4" box="[151,310,1150,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-219@18.[151,1436,591,1770]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 5547, a, habitus in situ at Ternate (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), c, surface view of skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950916/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figures 11ac</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A906FF86FEA31D13FE347FF4" box="[322,390,1150,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,993,1015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,972]" captionTargetId="figure-348@19.[151,1436,193,972]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 5547, SEM images of spicules, a, triactines, b, tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950918/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12ab</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF761DABFE8A7E44" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF761DABFECF7FBC" bold="true" box="[151,381,1222,1247]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A906FF86FE6E1DABFE8A7E44" collectingDate="2009-10-26" collectionCode="RMNH, SCUBA" collectorName="N. J. de Voogd &amp; Ternate-Halmahera Expedition" country="Indonesia" elevation="10" latitude="0.8661" location="Halmaheira" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="127.3316" municipality="Sulamadaha Bay" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A906FF86FE6E1DABFE457FBC" box="[399,503,1222,1247]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A906FF86FDE21DAAFDE57FBD" box="[515,599,1223,1246]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 5547,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A906FF86FD051DABFCE67FBC" box="[740,852,1222,1247]" name="Indonesia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="A873606FA906FF86FC821DABFC5B7FBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A906FF81FF761D31FF5279A5:A873606FA906FF86FC821DABFC5B7FBC" box="[867,1001,1222,1247]" country="Indonesia" latitude="0.8661" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="127.3316" municipality="Sulamadaha Bay" name="Halmaheira" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Halmaheira</location>
, Ternate,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA906FF86FBBF1DABFA927FBC" box="[1118,1312,1222,1247]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sulamadaha Bay</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A906FF86FACE1DABFA2E7FBC" box="[1327,1436,1222,1247]" degrees="0.8661" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="0.8661">0.8661°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A906FF86FF761D87FEAD7E60" box="[151,287,1258,1283]" degrees="127.3316" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="127.3316">127.3316°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A906FF86FE931D87FE797E61" box="[370,459,1258,1283]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A906FF86FE931D87FE797E61" box="[370,459,1258,1283]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">515 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A906FF86FE391D87FD8A7E60" box="[472,568,1258,1283]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A906FF86FD9F1D86FC917E60" box="[638,803,1258,1283]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N.J. de Voogd</collectorName>
, #TER.05/261009/1,
<collectorName id="00595362A906FF86FBF71D87FAC67E60" box="[1046,1396,1258,1283]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ternate-Halmahera Expedition</collectorName>
,
<date id="D9121074A906FF86FA611D87FE867E44" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2009-10-26">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA906FF86FA611D87FE867E44" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2009-10-26">26 October 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA906FF86FF261C5FFD767D98" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF261C5FFD447EB8" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF261C5FFEE37E28" bold="true" box="[199,337,1330,1355]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description</emphasis>
. An orange flattened mass of short oscular tubes (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A906FF86FC9F1C5FFC6E7E28" box="[894,988,1330,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-219@18.[151,1436,591,1770]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 5547, a, habitus in situ at Ternate (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), c, surface view of skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950916/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11a</figureCitation>
), connected at the substratum by a basal tubular network, growing on an encrusting octocoral (
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A906FF86FCE01C35FCD97E0C" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1834" box="[769,875,1368,1391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Briareidae" genus="Briareum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FCE01C35FCD97E0C" box="[769,875,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Briareum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The erect tubes maybe divided into one or two side tubes. The preserved specimen (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A906FF86FDD51C17FD217EF0" box="[564,659,1402,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-219@18.[151,1436,591,1770]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 5547, a, habitus in situ at Ternate (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), c, surface view of skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950916/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11b</figureCitation>
) is fragmented, but there are several larger pieces that show the short erect tubes forming the main basis of the specimen. Overall size estimated to be 5 x
<quantity id="6A549B51A906FF86FBDA1CF3FBC77ED5" box="[1083,1141,1438,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
, with small tubes about
<quantity id="6A549B51A906FF86FA611CF3FF6A7EB9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2 4 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Color beige in preserved condition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF261C8BFC3D7D40" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF261C8BFE9F7E9C" bold="true" box="[199,301,1510,1535]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Skeleton</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A906FF86FEA91C8BFE1B7E9C" box="[328,425,1510,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-219@18.[151,1436,591,1770]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 5547, a, habitus in situ at Ternate (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), c, surface view of skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950916/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11c</figureCitation>
) The walls of the tubes are thin, approximately 15 µm in thickness. The spicules are dominated by triactines. The choanoderm lines all internal surfaces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF261F43FD767D24" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" box="[199,708,1582,1607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF261F43FE9B7D24" bold="true" box="[199,297,1582,1607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A906FF86FEDF1F43FE0F7D24" box="[318,445,1582,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,993,1015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,972]" captionTargetId="figure-348@19.[151,1436,193,972]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 5547, SEM images of spicules, a, triactines, b, tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950918/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 12ab</figureCitation>
) Triactines, tetractines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF261F3FFBD87DD0" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A906FF86FEA71F3FFE1A7D08" box="[326,424,1618,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,993,1015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,972]" captionTargetId="figure-348@19.[151,1436,193,972]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 5547, SEM images of spicules, a, triactines, b, tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950918/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 12a</figureCitation>
), equiangular, predominantly equiactinal, but a fair number are slightly parasagittal, with the longer actines often slightly wobbled; most actines are cylindrical with abruptly pointed ends, but small triactines may have their actines conical, size of actines 63
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FCD41FF7FCC07DD0" box="[821,882,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">112.1</emphasis>
138 x 4
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FC031FF7FBB77DD0" box="[994,1029,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">5.3</emphasis>
6.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF261FD3FD767D98" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A906FF86FEB01FD3FE007DB4" box="[337,434,1726,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,993,1015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,972]" captionTargetId="figure-348@19.[151,1436,193,972]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 5547, SEM images of spicules, a, triactines, b, tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950918/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 12b</figureCitation>
), similar to triactines in size and shape, actines of basal triadiate system, 62
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FAF31FD3FAFD7DB4" box="[1298,1359,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">119.5</emphasis>
156 x 4
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF521F8FFF647D98" box="[179,214,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">5.4</emphasis>
6 µm; apical actines 39132 x 3.56.5 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA906FF86FF261E6BFDBD7C7C" box="[199,527,1798,1823]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF261E6BFDBD7C7C" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" box="[199,527,1798,1823]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF261E6BFE967C7C" bold="true" box="[199,292,1798,1823]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecology</emphasis>
. Shallow-water reef.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA906FF86FF261E47FCE17C21" box="[199,851,1834,1859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF261E47FCE17C21" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" box="[199,851,1834,1859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF261E47FEEB7C20" bold="true" box="[199,345,1834,1859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from the
<typeStatus id="72178816A906FF86FD811E46FD227C20" box="[608,656,1835,1859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A906FF86FD161E46FCFC7C21" box="[759,846,1835,1858]" name="Indonesia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ternate</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA906FF86FF261E23FEDA7CE8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF86FF261E23FEDA7CE8" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF261E23FEF47C04" bold="true" box="[199,326,1870,1895]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name reflects the combination of a network of tubes on the substratum and erect tubes protruding from it.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA906FF81FF261EFBFF5279A5" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A906FF81FF261EFBFE4A7A23" blockId="19.[151,1437,1222,2003]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FF261EFBFE867CCC" bold="true" box="[199,308,1942,1967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
. The dominance of triactines over tetractines, and the normal-shaped apical actines of the tetractines makes this
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A906FF86FEFB1ED7FE357CB0" authorityName="Gray, 1867 sensu Klautau, Azevedo, Condor-Lujan, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo" authorityYear="2013" box="[282,391,1978,2003]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FEFB1ED7FE357CB0" box="[282,391,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like species a likely member of the recently erected genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A906FF86FBDA1ED7FB2E7CB0" authorityName="Klautau, Azevedo, Condor-Lujan, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo" authorityYear="2013" box="[1083,1180,1978,2003]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Arthuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A906FF86FBDA1ED7FB2E7CB0" box="[1083,1180,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Arthuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The genus has a few Indo-Pacific species, but none of them seem to be close to our new species: South Australian
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FB3919F5FF6A7BB6" authority="(Dendy, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Arthuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FB3919F5FA8B7BD3" box="[1240,1337,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. dubia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A901FF81FAAB19FAFF627BB6" author="Dendy, A." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref54220" refString="Dendy, A. (1891) A monograph of the Victorian sponges, I. The organisation and classification of the Calcarea Homocoela, with descriptions of the Victorian Species. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria, 3, 1-81." type="journal article" year="1891">Dendy, 1891</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FEE419D1FE287BB6" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1864" box="[261,410,188,213]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FEE419D1FE287BB6" box="[261,410,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) has much thicker actines (averaging 1516 µm) and the tetractines are very rare (they were not mentioned by Dendy, but subsequently reported by
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A901FF81FCC619B2FB217B9B" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C." box="[807,1171,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref55529" refString="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C. (2003). Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 139 (1), 1-62" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine, 2003: 26</bibRefCitation>
). Red Sea
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FAF7198DFE687A7E" authority="Klautau &amp; Valentine, 2003" authorityName="Klautau &amp; Valentine" authorityYear="2003" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Arthuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sueziana">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FAF7198DFA2E7B94" box="[1302,1436,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. sueziana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A901FF81FF761869FE687A7E" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C." box="[151,474,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref55529" refString="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C. (2003). Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 139 (1), 1-62" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has a different habitus and also much thicker actines. The above-described
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FA651869FEA67A23" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Arthuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuipilosa">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FA651869FEA67A23" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. tenuipilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses diactines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF261821FA247AB3" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A901FF81FF261821FE347A06" author="Haeckel, E." box="[199,390,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckels (1872)</bibRefCitation>
description and figures of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FD511821FCDC7A06" authorityName="II" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[688,878,332,357]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="darwinii">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FD511821FCDC7A06" box="[688,878,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ascaltis darwinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reminds rather strongly of the present species and at first we assumed that it could be conspecific. However, shapes and sizes of the tri- and tetractines presented by Haeckel consistently differ: actines are equiangular equiactinal, shorter (80100 µm) but more robust and conical (1012 µm thick) than those of our new species.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FD5A18DAFC3F7AB3" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[699,909,439,464]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="darwinii">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FD5A18DAFC3F7AB3" box="[699,909,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Clathrina darwinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be transferred to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FB4518DAFAB67AB3" authorityName="Klautau, Azevedo, Condor-Lujan, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo" authorityYear="2013" box="[1188,1284,439,464]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Arthuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FB4518DAFAB67AB3" box="[1188,1284,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arthuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF761B73FBD5795B" blockId="20.[151,1127,542,568]" box="[151,1127,542,568]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF761B73FBD5795B" bold="true" box="[151,1127,542,568]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FF0F1B73FBD5795B" authority="Klautau, Azevedo, Condor-Lujan, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo, 2013" authorityName="Klautau, Azevedo, Condor-Lujan, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo" authorityYear="2013" box="[238,1127,542,568]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FF0F1B73FEFA795B" bold="true" box="[238,328,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ernstia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A901FF81FEAE1B73FBD5795B" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[335,1127,542,568]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">Klautau, Azevedo, Cóndor-Luján, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A901FF81FF761B08FF5279A5" blockId="20.[151,1436,613,710]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A901FF81FF761B08FE90791D" authorityName="Minchin" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,290,613,638]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Clathrinidae</taxonomicName>
with asconoid aquiferous system possessing both triactines and tetractines in approximately equal proportions or tetractines more frequently. The apical actine of the tetractines is long and thin (after
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A901FF81FAE21BE4FF6679A5" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A901FF81FA821BE7FA2E79C1" box="[1379,1436,649,674]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A913FF93FF7619F5FDE37BD1" blockId="6.[151,593,152,178]" box="[151,593,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="F65B81D8A913FF93FF7619F5FDE37BD1" bold="true" box="[151,593,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FF7619F5FDE37BD1" bold="true" box="[151,593,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Family
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FF1719F5FDE37BD1" ID-CoL="84K2V" authority="Minchin, 1900" authorityName="Minchin" authorityYear="1900" box="[246,593,152,178]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
Clathrinidae
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FE7C19F5FDE37BD1" author="Minchin, E. A." box="[413,593,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref55889" refString="Minchin, E. A. (1900) Chapter III. Sponges. In: Lankester, E. R. (Ed.), A Treatise on Zoology. Part II. The Porifera and Coelenterata. 2. Adam &amp; Charles Black, London, pp. 1-178." type="book chapter" year="1900">Minchin, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA913FF93FF7619B3FE707F35" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A913FF93FF7619B3FA247870" blockId="6.[151,1437,222,895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FF7619B3FEB97B94" bold="true" box="[151,267,222,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
This family unites the
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FDFF19B3FD2E7B94" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1958" box="[542,668,222,247]" class="Calcarea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Clathrinida</taxonomicName>
species with an asconoid aquiferous system with simple unfolded choanoderm. Most species have a cormus consisting of a network of thin-walled tubes lined by an unstructured layer of mostly small triactines and/or tetractines, with occasional presence of diactines. The family was recently revised using molecular sequence data (
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FD9B1827FCDC7A00" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[634,878,330,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FD021826FC917A00" box="[739,803,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). This resulted in the erection of new genera subdividing the former genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FE041803FD667AE4" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[485,724,366,391]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FE041803FDE07AE4" box="[485,594,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Clathrina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FDB91803FD667AE4" author="Gray, J. E." box="[600,724,366,391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="492 - 558" refId="ref54890" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492-558." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray, 1867</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, some of which appeared to be affiliated to other families of the
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. The present classification into genera
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FD1218FFFCD27AC8" box="[755,864,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FC8618FEFC317AC9" box="[871,899,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FC7918FEFB7C7AC8" authority="Klautau et al., 2013" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2013" box="[920,1230,402,427]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FC7918FEFC597AC9" box="[920,1003,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ernstia</emphasis>
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Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FBB018FEFB3B7AC8" box="[1105,1161,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FB3D18FFFA8E7AC8" box="[1244,1340,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Arthuria</emphasis>
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Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FF7618DAFF7D7AAC" box="[151,207,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FEC218DAFDCA7AAC" authority="Klautau et al., 2013" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2013" box="[291,632,438,463]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Borojevia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FEC218DAFE227AAD" box="[291,400,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Borojevia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FE7618DBFDCA7AAC" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[407,632,438,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FE1618DAFD9D7AAC" box="[503,559,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FD6218DBFCA17AAC" box="[643,787,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brattegardia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FCFB18DBFC497AAC" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[794,1019,438,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FC9B18DAFC007AAC" box="[890,946,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
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</taxonomicName>
, and a restricted
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FB5918DBFE817A90" authority="Miklucho-Maclay, 1868" authorityName="Miklucho-Maclay" authorityYear="1868" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Guancha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FB5918DBFAAD7AAC" box="[1208,1311,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guancha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FAC718DBFE817A90" author="Miklucho-Maclay, N." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="221 - 240" refId="ref55862" refString="Miklucho-Maclay, N. (1868) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Spongien I. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Medicin und Naturwissenschaft, 4, 221-240." type="journal article" year="1868">Miklucho-Maclay, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, appears not yet fully operational for classifying former
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FC5018B7FBF77A90" box="[945,1093,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FC5018B7FBAC7A90" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[945,1054,474,499]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Clathrina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA913FF93FBC418B7FBF77A90" box="[1061,1093,474,499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
specimens because it is based primarily on molecular analysis. Some former
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FD5F1893FC387974" box="[702,906,510,535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FD5F1893FC997974" box="[702,811,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Clathrina</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, are now assigned to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FB701893FA2E7974" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[1169,1436,510,535]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FB701893FB587974" box="[1169,1258,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ascaltis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FB141893FA2E7974" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1269,1436,510,535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(family
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FF151B4FFE367958" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1893" box="[244,388,546,571]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Leucascidae</taxonomicName>
). These changes mean in practice that
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FCAD1B4FFC0B7958" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[844,953,546,571]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FCAD1B4FFC0B7958" box="[844,953,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like new species in this group cannot be easily assigned to their proper genus unless sequence data are available, excepting
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FBB41B2BFB70793C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1109,1218,582,607]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FBB41B2BFB70793C" box="[1109,1218,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FB2D1B2AFB5A793D" box="[1228,1256,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which remain morphologically recognizable. Morphological differences of the various genera, such as proportion of triactines and tetractines, or clathroid versus loosely anastomosed tubules, appear to be rather overlapping and not precise. We will give informal diagnoses of the genera based on our perception of their variability. These diagnoses should not be considered as formal definitions. For the classification of the known species we follow here the World
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FF761B97FF437870" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,241,762,787]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="phylum">Porifera</taxonomicName>
Database (Klautau in Van Soest
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FD801B96FD2B7870" box="[609,665,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2014), but for the new species the assignment to genera is tentative.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A913FF93FF261A73FC91781C" blockId="6.[151,1437,222,895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
According to the molecular analysis of
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FD411A73FC297854" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[672,923,798,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FCE41A72FCF17854" box="[773,835,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FC4D1A73FB797854" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[940,1227,798,823]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FC4D1A73FBAA7854" box="[940,1048,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ascandra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FBC51A73FB797854" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1060,1227,798,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
- in the Systema
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FF761A2FFF437838" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,241,834,859]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="phylum">Porifera</taxonomicName>
assigned to family
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FE391A2FFCE67838" authority="Dendy &amp; Row, 1913" authorityName="Dendy &amp; Row" authorityYear="1913" box="[472,852,834,859]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
Leucaltidae
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FD851A2FFCE67838" author="Dendy, A. &amp; Row, R. W. H." box="[612,852,834,859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="704 - 813" refId="ref54571" refString="Dendy, A. &amp; Row, R. W. H. (1913) The Classification and Phylogeny of the Calcareous Sponges, with a Reference List of all the described Species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1913 (3), 704-813." type="journal article" year="1913">Dendy &amp; Row, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
- is very probably also a member of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FAEA1A2FFA2B7838" authorityName="Minchin" authorityYear="1900" box="[1291,1433,834,859]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Clathrinidae</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, we here continue to assign it to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FD781A0BFCAD781C" authorityName="Dendy &amp; Row" authorityYear="1913" box="[665,799,870,895]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Leucaltidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A913FF93FF761ABFFAED788F" blockId="6.[151,1375,978,1004]" box="[151,1375,978,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FF761ABFFAED788F" bold="true" box="[151,1375,978,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FF0F1ABFFAED788F" authority="Gray, 1867 sensu Klautau, Azevedo, Condor-Lujan, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo, 2013" authorityName="Gray, 1867 sensu Klautau, Azevedo, Condor-Lujan, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo" authorityYear="2013" box="[238,1375,978,1004]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FF0F1ABFFED1788F" bold="true" box="[238,355,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Clathrina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FE8A1ABFFE46788F" author="Gray, J. E." box="[363,500,978,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="492 - 558" refId="ref54890" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492-558." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray, 1867</bibRefCitation>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FDA71ABFFAED788F" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[582,1375,978,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">Klautau, Azevedo, Cóndor-Luján, Rapp, Collins &amp; Russo, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A913FF93FF761D74FE707F35" blockId="6.[151,1436,1049,1110]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A913FF93FF761D74FE907F51" authorityName="Minchin" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,290,1049,1074]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Clathrinidae</taxonomicName>
with a cormus of anastomosed tubes, asconoid aquiferous system, and lacking tetractine spicules (after
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A913FF93FF3B1D50FE047F35" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[218,438,1085,1110]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A913FF93FEDB1D53FEC07F35" box="[314,370,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A919FF99FF761FF1FC8D7DD5" blockId="12.[151,831,1692,1751]" box="[151,831,1692,1718]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="F65B81D8A919FF99FF761FF1FC8D7DD5" bold="true" box="[151,831,1692,1718]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A919FF99FF761FF1FC8D7DD5" ID-CoL="5YXPX" authority="Worheide &amp; Hooper, 1999" authorityName="Worheide &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,831,1692,1718]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="luteoculcitella">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A919FF99FF761FF1FC8D7DD5" bold="true" box="[151,831,1692,1718]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A919FF99FF761FF1FEBE7DD5" bold="true" box="[151,268,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clathrina</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A919FF99FEA51FF1FE5D7DD5" bold="true" box="[324,495,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">luteoculcitella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A919FF99FE171FF1FC8D7DD5" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[502,831,1692,1718]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="859 - 891" refId="ref57408" refString="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (1999) Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43 (2), 859-891." type="journal article" year="1999">Wörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA919FF99FF761FD3FE9A7DB4" box="[151,296,1726,1751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A919FF99FF761FD3FE9A7DB4" blockId="12.[151,831,1692,1751]" box="[151,296,1726,1751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A919FF99FF761FD3FE9A7DB4" box="[151,296,1726,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-251@12.[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathrina aff. luteoculcitellaWörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999, ZMA Por. 08567 from SW Salayar, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), cd, SEM images of spicules, c, triactines, d, (pieces of rare) diactines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950898/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 6ad</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA919FF99FF761E6AFCB27C58" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A919FF99FF761E6AFB727C7F" blockId="12.[151,1216,1798,1851]" box="[151,1216,1798,1820]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBC119AA919FF99FF761E6AFB727C7F" box="[151,1216,1798,1820]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A919FF99FF761E6AFF167C7F" box="[151,164,1799,1820]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">?</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A919FF99FF4B1E6BFD557C7F" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[170,743,1798,1820]" page="868" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A919FF99FF4B1E6BFD557C7F" ID-CoL="5YXPX" authority="Worheide &amp; Hooper, 1999: 868" authorityName="Worheide &amp; Hooper" authorityPageNumber="868" authorityYear="1999" box="[170,743,1798,1820]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="luteoculcitella">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A919FF99FF4B1E6BFE167C7F" box="[170,420,1798,1820]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clathrina luteoculcitella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A919FF99FE421E6BFD557C7F" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[419,743,1798,1820]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="859 - 891" refId="ref57408" refString="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (1999) Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43 (2), 859-891." type="journal article" year="1999">Wörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999: 868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 5;
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A919FF99FCD51E6BFBDF7C7F" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C." box="[820,1133,1798,1820]" page="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A919FF99FCD51E6BFBDF7C7F" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C." box="[820,1133,1798,1820]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref55529" refString="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C. (2003). Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 139 (1), 1-62" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine, 2003: 30</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 23.
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A919FF99FF761E48FCB27C58" blockId="12.[151,1216,1798,1851]" box="[151,768,1829,1851]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBC119AA919FF99FF761E48FCB27C58" box="[151,768,1829,1851]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A919FF99FF761E48FE237C58" ID-CoL="5YXPX" authorityName="Worheide &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,401,1829,1851]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="luteoculcitella">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A919FF99FF761E48FE237C58" box="[151,401,1829,1851]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clathrina luteoculcitella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Indonesia;
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A919FF99FDF01E48FD4E7C58" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[529,764,1829,1851]" page="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A919FF99FDF01E48FD4E7C58" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[529,764,1829,1851]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A919FF99FD861E4BFD297C58" box="[615,667,1829,1851]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 12
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA919FF99FF761E05FE107CAA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A919FF99FF761E05FE107CAA" blockId="12.[151,1436,1896,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A919FF99FF761E05FEC97CE2" bold="true" box="[151,379,1896,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A919FF99FE6D1E05FE1C7CC0" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="SW Salayar, NW &amp; Pulau Guang" country="Indonesia" elevation="8" latitude="-6.35" location="Por." longLatPrecision="783" longitude="120.45" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A919FF99FE6D1E05FE787CE2" box="[396,458,1896,1921]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ZMA</collectionCode>
<location id="A873606FA919FF99FE321E04FDB27CE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A919FF98FF761FF1FEE978AB:A873606FA919FF99FE321E04FDB27CE3" box="[467,512,1897,1920]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-6.35" longLatPrecision="783" longitude="120.45" name="Por." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Por.</location>
08657,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A919FF99FDBE1E05FD7D7CE2" box="[607,719,1896,1921]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A919FF99FCE41E05FCDF7CE2" box="[773,877,1896,1921]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A919FF99FC9A1E05FB8D7CE3" box="[891,1087,1896,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SW Salayar, NW</collectorName>
coast of
<collectorName id="00595362A919FF99FB4D1E05FAF17CE2" box="[1196,1347,1896,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pulau Guang</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A919FF99FAB11E05FA2E7CE2" box="[1360,1436,1896,1921]" degrees="6.35" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="555" value="-6.35">6.35°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A919FF99FF761EE1FEB07CC6" box="[151,258,1932,1957]" degrees="120.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="555" value="120.45">120.45°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A919FF99FEB71EE1FE1C7CC0" box="[342,430,1932,1957]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A919FF99FEB71EE1FE1C7CC0" box="[342,430,1932,1957]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">412 m</elevation>
</quantity>
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,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A919FF99FE5A1EE1FDA97CC6" box="[443,539,1932,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A919FF99FD801EE1FADD7CC6" box="[609,1391,1932,1957]" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. M. van Soest &amp; Indonesian-Dutch Snellius &amp; Expedition" country="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A919FF99FD801EE1FDC47CC0" box="[609,630,1932,1955]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="00595362A919FF99FD9B1EE1FC817CC6" box="[634,819,1932,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A919FF99FCDE1EE1FBD87CC6" box="[831,1130,1932,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius</collectorName>
II
<collectorName id="00595362A919FF99FB6C1EE1FABA7CC6" box="[1165,1288,1932,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 152
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A919FF99FA961EE1FE2D7CAA" collectingDate="1984-09-29" collectionCode="III" country="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="III/ 40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA919FF99FA961EE1FF047CAA" collectionCode="III" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">III/ 40</specimenCode>
,
<date id="D9121074A919FF99FF201EDDFE2D7CAA" box="[193,415,1968,1993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1984-09-29">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA919FF99FF201EDDFE2D7CAA" box="[193,415,1968,1993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1984-09-29">29 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA919FF98FF261EB9FEAD7AB3" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A919FF98FF261EB9FE0B7BB6" blockId="12.[151,1436,1896,2029]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A919FF99FF261EB9FEEB7C8E" bold="true" box="[199,345,2004,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
Dense, partially digitate mass of tightly anastomosed thin tubes (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A919FF99FBD81EB9FB397C8E" box="[1081,1163,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-251@12.[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathrina aff. luteoculcitellaWörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999, ZMA Por. 08567 from SW Salayar, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), cd, SEM images of spicules, c, triactines, d, (pieces of rare) diactines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950898/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
). Water-collecting tubes are lacking. Overall size
<quantity id="6A549B51A918FF98FE4E19FAFE4E7BCC" box="[431,508,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="6A549B51A918FF98FDA519FAFDC97BCC" box="[580,635,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
wide, digitations
<quantity id="6A549B51A918FF98FCA419FAFC1F7BCC" box="[837,941,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.51 cm</quantity>
high. Live color noted as pale yellowish, in alcohol it is beige-yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A918FF98FF2619B2FF0D7A7E" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FF2619B2FE9F7B9B" bold="true" box="[199,301,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Skeleton</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A918FF98FEA519B2FE277B9B" box="[324,405,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-251@12.[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathrina aff. luteoculcitellaWörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999, ZMA Por. 08567 from SW Salayar, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), cd, SEM images of spicules, c, triactines, d, (pieces of rare) diactines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950898/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6b</figureCitation>
) A dense layer of small triactines, with occasional diactines, but these are invariably broken off.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A918FF98FF26184AFD317A23" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,643,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FF26184AFE9B7A23" bold="true" box="[199,297,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spicules</emphasis>
. Triactines, possibly diactines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A918FF98FF261821FE227AEB" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Triactines, (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A918FF98FEAF1821FE127A06" box="[334,416,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-251@12.[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathrina aff. luteoculcitellaWörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999, ZMA Por. 08567 from SW Salayar, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), cd, SEM images of spicules, c, triactines, d, (pieces of rare) diactines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950898/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
) equiangular equiactinal, with conical actines, 67
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FC041821FBA47A06" box="[997,1046,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">87.3</emphasis>
98 x 6
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FB9D1821FB2D7A06" box="[1148,1183,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8.1</emphasis>
10 µm; rarely one of the actines is crooked.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A918FF98FF2618F9FEAD7AB3" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Diactines, (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A918FF98FEA918F9FE287ACE" box="[328,410,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-251@12.[151,1436,411,1511]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathrina aff. luteoculcitellaWörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999, ZMA Por. 08567 from SW Salayar, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), cd, SEM images of spicules, c, triactines, d, (pieces of rare) diactines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950898/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
) not certainly proper, few are present and these consist mostly of short broken pieces, 80 120 x 6 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA918FF98FF2618B1FCDC7A90" box="[199,878,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A918FF98FF2618B1FCDC7A90" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,878,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FF2618B1FE967A96" bold="true" box="[199,292,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecology</emphasis>
. Caves and overhangs in reef environment,
<quantity id="6A549B51A918FF98FCF318B1FCD87A90" box="[786,874,476,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="14.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="4.0">425 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA918FF98FF261892FDCF797B" box="[199,637,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A918FF98FF261892FDCF797B" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,637,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FF261892FED2797B" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A918FF98FE861892FE65797B" box="[359,471,511,536]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, NE
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A918FF98FDEF1892FDCA797B" box="[526,632,511,536]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA918FF98FF261B49FEE978AB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A918FF98FF261B49FCB5785B" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FF261B49FE89795E" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A918FF98FEA21B49FD9C795E" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[323,558,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FE421B48FE6E795E" box="[419,476,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
listed this material as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A918FF98FCCF1B49FACA795E" authority="Worheide &amp; Hooper, 1999" authorityName="Worheide &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="1999" box="[814,1400,548,573]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="luteoculcitella">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FCCF1B49FBF1795E" box="[814,1091,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Clathrina luteoculcitella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A918FF98FBAA1B49FACA795E" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[1099,1400,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="859 - 891" refId="ref57408" refString="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (1999) Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43 (2), 859-891." type="journal article" year="1999">Wörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
on account of the tightly anastomosed mass of fine tubes in combination with the small triactines with relatively robust conical actines and a presence of diactines. The presence of diactines is a less convincing similarity with the Australian material as these were only few and mostly broken in our specimen, whereas Wörheide &amp; Hooper pictured a specimen with lots of diactines sticking from its surface (their fig. 5B). Dr Michelle Klautau (personal communication) used the present material in her phylogenetic analysis (see
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A918FF98FBF11BBAFB457993" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[1040,1271,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FB951BB4FB027993" box="[1140,1200,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1) and it appeared in the same clade - but at some distance - as the Australian
<typeStatus id="72178816A918FF98FC721B91FC477876" box="[915,1013,764,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A918FF98FBFB1B91FB687876" authorityName="Worheide &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="1999" box="[1050,1242,764,789]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="luteoculcitella">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FBFB1B91FB687876" box="[1050,1242,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. luteoculcitella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We assume here that it is close to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A918FF98FEB41A4DFDA4785B" authorityName="Worheide &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="1999" box="[341,534,799,824]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="luteoculcitella">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FEB41A4DFDA4785B" box="[341,534,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. luteoculcitella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but possibly distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A918FF98FF261A29FEE978AB" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
We note here that the specimen is also close to the
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A918FF98FCD61A29FCEA783E" box="[823,856,836,861]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sri</collectingRegion>
Lankan
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A918FF98FC221A29FADD783E" authority="(Dendy, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[963,1391,836,861]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FC221A29FB0F783E" box="[963,1213,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Clathrina ceylonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A918FF98FB301A29FAD5783E" author="Dendy, A." box="[1233,1383,836,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="57 - 246" refId="ref54356" refString="Dendy, A. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.) Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar 3 (Supplement 18). Royal Society, London, pp. 57-246." type="book chapter" year="1905">Dendy, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A918FF98FF761A0AFC8F78E3" authority="Dendy, 1905: 226" authorityName="Dendy" authorityPageNumber="226" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,829,871,896]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="coriacea" variety="ceylonensis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FF761A0AFE28781C" box="[151,410,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Leucosolenia coriacea</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A918FF98FE3D1A0AFDEF78E3" box="[476,605,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ceylonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A918FF98FD881A0AFC8F78E3" author="Dendy, A." box="[617,829,871,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="57 - 246" refId="ref54356" refString="Dendy, A. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.) Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar 3 (Supplement 18). Royal Society, London, pp. 57-246." type="book chapter" year="1905">Dendy, 1905: 226</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. XIII fig. 8). This also has a cormus of tightly anastomosed tubes and triactines in exactly the same size and shape.
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A918FF98FC401AE1FBC578C6" author="Dendy, A." box="[929,1143,908,933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="57 - 246" refId="ref54356" refString="Dendy, A. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.) Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar 3 (Supplement 18). Royal Society, London, pp. 57-246." type="book chapter" year="1905">Dendy (1905: 227)</bibRefCitation>
noticed diactines in some of the specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
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<mods:title id="59EF752E5243A53DEAB150E4EBC194EF">Calcareous sponges of Indonesia</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF761B01FD5479E5" blockId="9.[151,742,620,679]" box="[151,742,620,646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="F65B81D8A91CFF9CFF761B01FD5479E5" bold="true" box="[151,742,620,646]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A91CFF9CFF761B01FD5479E5" ID-CoL="5Z9PL" authority="Worheide &amp; Hooper, 1999" authorityName="Worheide &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,742,620,646]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heronensis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF761B01FD5479E5" bold="true" box="[151,742,620,646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF761B01FE2A79E5" bold="true" box="[151,408,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Clathrina heronensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A91CFF9CFE7F1B01FD5479E5" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[414,742,620,646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="859 - 891" refId="ref57408" refString="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (1999) Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43 (2), 859-891." type="journal article" year="1999">Wörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF761BE3FEA879C4" blockId="9.[151,742,620,679]" box="[151,282,654,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A91CFF9CFF761BE3FEA879C4" box="[151,282,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-107@10.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clathrina heronensis Wörheide &amp; Hooper (1999), RMNH Por. 4499 from Maratua, a, habitus in situ (photo L.E. Becking), b, habitus in preserved state (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of tubar skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm), d, detail of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), e, SEM images of spicules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950892/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figures 4e</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF761BBBFB72798F" blockId="9.[151,1216,726,748]" box="[151,1216,726,748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBC119AA91CFF9CFF761BBBFB72798F" box="[151,1216,726,748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A91CFF9CFF761BBBFD04798F" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[151,694,726,748]" page="863" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A91CFF9CFF761BBBFD04798F" ID-CoL="5Z9PL" authority="Worheide &amp; Hooper, 1999: 863" authorityName="Worheide &amp; Hooper" authorityPageNumber="863" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,694,726,748]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heronensis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF761BBBFEDF798F" box="[151,365,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Clathrina heronensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A91CFF9CFE921BBBFD04798F" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[371,694,726,748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="859 - 891" refId="ref57408" refString="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (1999) Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43 (2), 859-891." type="journal article" year="1999">Wörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999: 863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, figs 3AF;
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A91CFF9CFCD51BBBFBDF798F" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C." box="[820,1133,726,748]" page="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A91CFF9CFCD51BBBFBDF798F" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C." box="[820,1133,726,748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref55529" refString="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C. (2003). Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 139 (1), 1-62" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine, 2003: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 21.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA91CFF9CFF761A74FF647819" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF761A74FF647819" blockId="9.[151,1437,793,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF761A74FEC97851" bold="true" box="[151,379,793,818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A91CFF9CFE6A1A77FB367835" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="L. E. Becking" country="Indonesia" county="Berau region" elevation="2" latitude="2.2044" location="Maratua Island" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="118.5987" municipality="Derawan Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="RMNH 4499" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara">
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA91CFF9CFE6A1A77FD917851" box="[395,547,793,818]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">RMNH 4499</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A91CFF9CFDD11A74FD137851" box="[560,673,793,818]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A91CFF9CFD4C1A74FC817851" box="[685,819,793,818]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Utara" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="44724E38A91CFF9CFCA11A77FC647851" box="[832,982,793,818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Berau region</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA91CFF9CFC051A77FB167851" box="[996,1188,793,818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Derawan Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A873606FA91CFF9CFB501A77FAEC7851" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A91CFF9CFF761B01FAA37E2D:A873606FA91CFF9CFB501A77FAEC7851" box="[1201,1374,793,818]" country="Indonesia" county="Berau region" latitude="2.2044" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="118.5987" municipality="Derawan Islands" name="Maratua Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara">Maratua Island</location>
,
<location id="A873606FA91CFF9CFA8D1A74FECE7835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A91CFF9CFF761B01FAA37E2D:A873606FA91CFF9CFA8D1A74FECE7835" country="Indonesia" county="Berau region" latitude="2.2044" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="118.5987" municipality="Derawan Islands" name="Haji Buang Marine Lake" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara">Haji Buang Marine Lake</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A91CFF9CFE691A50FE467835" box="[392,500,829,854]" degrees="2.2044" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="5" value="2.2044">2.2044°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A91CFF9CFE1C1A50FD367835" box="[509,644,829,854]" degrees="118.5987" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="5" value="118.5987">118.5987°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
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<elevation id="2681D187A91CFF9CFD371A50FC927836" box="[726,800,829,854]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 m</elevation>
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, snorkeling, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A91CFF9CFC0A1A53FB367835" box="[1003,1156,829,854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L.E. Becking</collectorName>
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, #
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A91CFF9CFB471A50FF617819" collectingDate="2008-09-11" collectionCode="LE" country="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="LE156" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara">
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA91CFF9CFB471A50FB477835" box="[1190,1269,829,854]" collectionCode="LE" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">LE156</specimenCode>
,
<date id="D9121074A91CFF9CFAE01A50FF617819" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-09-11">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA91CFF9CFAE01A50FF617819" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-09-11">11 September 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA91CFF9CFF261AE8FB897FDE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF261AE8FEEF7F69" blockId="9.[151,1437,793,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF261AE8FEEB78FD" bold="true" box="[199,345,901,926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="35972A31A91CFF9CFE881AE8FE0978FD" box="[361,443,901,926]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-107@10.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clathrina heronensis Wörheide &amp; Hooper (1999), RMNH Por. 4499 from Maratua, a, habitus in situ (photo L.E. Becking), b, habitus in preserved state (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of tubar skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm), d, detail of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), e, SEM images of spicules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950892/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
) Small, flatly encrusting loosely open network of thin tubes. Water collecting tubes or oscules not apparent.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFE6A1AC7FE6078A2" box="[395,466,938,961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">In situ</emphasis>
color is transparent white, discoloring to brown in preserved condition (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A91CFF9CFAE21AC4FAEA78A1" box="[1283,1368,937,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-107@10.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clathrina heronensis Wörheide &amp; Hooper (1999), RMNH Por. 4499 from Maratua, a, habitus in situ (photo L.E. Becking), b, habitus in preserved state (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of tubar skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm), d, detail of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), e, SEM images of spicules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950892/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
). Size of cormus 1.5 x
<quantity id="6A549B51A91CFF9CFEAD1AA0FE347886" box="[332,390,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
, tubes thin, at most up to
<quantity id="6A549B51A91CFF9CFD451AA0FD567886" box="[676,740,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in diameter, usually less than
<quantity id="6A549B51A91CFF9CFBD41AA0FBCB7886" box="[1077,1145,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
. Consistency in preserved state stiff, fragile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF271D78FC687F4D" blockId="9.[151,1437,793,1358]" box="[198,986,1045,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF271D78FE867F4D" bold="true" box="[198,308,1045,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="35972A31A91CFF9CFEA21D78FE067F4D" box="[323,436,1045,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-107@10.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clathrina heronensis Wörheide &amp; Hooper (1999), RMNH Por. 4499 from Maratua, a, habitus in situ (photo L.E. Becking), b, habitus in preserved state (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of tubar skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm), d, detail of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), e, SEM images of spicules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950892/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4cd</figureCitation>
) Several layers of irregularly arranged triactines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF261D54FE567F31" blockId="9.[151,1437,793,1358]" box="[199,484,1081,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF261D54FE9B7F31" bold="true" box="[199,297,1081,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spicules</emphasis>
. Triactines only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF261D30FDE87FF9" blockId="9.[151,1437,793,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A91CFF9CFEA41D30FE247F15" box="[325,406,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-107@10.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clathrina heronensis Wörheide &amp; Hooper (1999), RMNH Por. 4499 from Maratua, a, habitus in situ (photo L.E. Becking), b, habitus in preserved state (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of tubar skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm), d, detail of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), e, SEM images of spicules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950892/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
), mostly equiangular equiactinal, but some are faintly parasagittal, size of conico-cylindrical actines 93
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFEF41DECFEE67FF9" box="[277,340,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">125.9</emphasis>
162 x 8
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFE251DECFE557FF9" box="[452,487,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9.3</emphasis>
11.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF261DC8FB897FDE" blockId="9.[151,1437,793,1358]" box="[199,1083,1189,1214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF261DC8FEAD7FDD" bold="true" box="[199,287,1189,1214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eology.</emphasis>
Shallow-water, in marine lake on mangrove roots. Elsewhere in caves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA91CFF9CFF261DA4FDCF7F81" box="[199,637,1225,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF261DA4FDCF7F81" blockId="9.[151,1437,793,1358]" box="[199,637,1225,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF261DA4FEEB7F81" bold="true" box="[199,345,1225,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A91CFF9CFE861DA4FE657F81" box="[359,471,1225,1250]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, NE
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A91CFF9CFDEF1DA4FDCA7F81" box="[526,632,1225,1250]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA91CFF9CFF261D80FAA37E2D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A91CFF9CFF261D80FAA37E2D" blockId="9.[151,1437,793,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A91CFF9CFF261D80FE867E65" bold="true" box="[199,308,1261,1286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
. The specimen, which is now broken into two fragments, is closely similar to Australian material according to descriptions of it in
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A91CFF9CFDEA1C7CFCF17E49" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[523,835,1297,1322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="859 - 891" refId="ref57408" refString="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (1999) Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43 (2), 859-891." type="journal article" year="1999">Wörheide &amp; Hooper (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A91CFF9CFC9A1C7CFB057E49" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C." box="[891,1207,1297,1322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref55529" refString="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C. (2003). Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 139 (1), 1-62" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. White color, brown discoloration in alcohol, cormus shape and spicule size and form of our material fit well with the
<typeStatus id="72178816A91CFF9CFB381C5BFABF7E2D" box="[1241,1293,1334,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FF761AE7FE2F78C7" bold="true" box="[151,413,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ascoleucetta sagittata</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="35972A31A925FFA5FF761AC0FE8078A5" box="[151,306,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-92@49.[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 36. Ascoleucetta sagittata Cavalcanti et al. (2013), holotype ZMA Por. 13283, ac, various images of preserved holotype, showing surface and atrium (scale in a = 1 cm), d cross section of skeleton, showing layered structure (scale bar = 500 µm), cf, SEM images of the spicules, e, large triactines of the surface, f, small triactine, e, sagittal triactine, f, tetractine, f1, detail of tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950986/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figures 36af</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FF761A98FD257F68" authority="Cavalcanti et al., 2013: 308" authorityName="Cavalcanti" authorityPageNumber="308" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,663,1013,1035]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascoleucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagittata">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FF761A98FEC57F68" box="[151,375,1013,1035]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ascoleucetta sagittata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A925FFA5FE9C1A98FD257F68" author="Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Klautau, M." box="[381,663,1013,1035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref53941" refString="Cavalcanti, F. F., Rapp, H. T. &amp; Klautau, M. (2013) Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy &amp; Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3619 (3), 275-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.3" type="journal article" year="2013">
Cavalcanti
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FE111A9BFD917F68" box="[496,547,1013,1035]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013: 308
</bibRefCitation>
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,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A925FFA5FD431A98FCA47F68" box="[674,790,1013,1035]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="29.[151,250,1308,1330]" captionStartId-1="30.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,193,1287]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,363,1702]" captionTargetId-0="figure-206@29.[151,1435,193,1287]" captionTargetId-1="figure-167@30.[151,1436,363,1702]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Ernstia naturalis sp. nov., a, holotype RMNH Por. 9342, images of the spicules, a, triactine, bc, tetractines, d, detail of apical actine of tetractine." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Burtonulla sibogae Borojevic &amp; Boury-Esnault (1986), a, in situ image of RMNH Por. 1653 from the Palau Islands (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 00146 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, in situ image of RMNH 1821 from Maratua Island (photo B.W. Hoeksema)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950943" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950945" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14950943/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14950945/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 2122</figureCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA925FFA5FF761D5AFBE67F16" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FF761D5AFEC87F33" bold="true" box="[151,378,1079,1104]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A925FFA5FE681D5AFBE67F16" collectingDate="1997-04-13" collectionCode="ZMA, SCUBA" collectorName="N. J. de Voogd" country="Indonesia" elevation="15" location="Kudingareng Keke" municipality="Spermonde Archipelago" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A925FFA5FE681D5AFE437F33" box="[393,497,1079,1104]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A925FFA5FE181D5AFD857F33" box="[505,567,1079,1104]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 13283,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A925FFA5FD291D5AFC8A7F33" box="[712,824,1079,1104]" name="Indonesia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, SW
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A925FFA5FC941D5AFC6F7F33" box="[885,989,1079,1104]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA925FFA5FC081D5AFB4C7F33" box="[1001,1278,1079,1104]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Spermonde Archipelago</collectingMunicipality>
,
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, depth
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,
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, coll.
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, #KK/NV/130497/32,
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<collectingDate id="C956E99CA925FFA5FC511D31FBE27F16" box="[944,1104,1116,1141]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1997-04-13">13 April 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FF261D12FEEB7FFB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1151,1176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Description.</emphasis>
The
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description is here summarized from
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A925FFA5FC2B1D12FB677FFB" author="Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Klautau, M." box="[970,1237,1151,1176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref53941" refString="Cavalcanti, F. F., Rapp, H. T. &amp; Klautau, M. (2013) Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy &amp; Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3619 (3), 275-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.3" type="journal article" year="2013">
Cavalcanti
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FBAF1DECFB3E7FFB" box="[1102,1164,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
2013
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: Yellow massive sponge (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A925FFA5FF171DC9FEC17FDE" box="[246,371,1188,1213]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-92@49.[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 36. Ascoleucetta sagittata Cavalcanti et al. (2013), holotype ZMA Por. 13283, ac, various images of preserved holotype, showing surface and atrium (scale in a = 1 cm), d cross section of skeleton, showing layered structure (scale bar = 500 µm), cf, SEM images of the spicules, e, large triactines of the surface, f, small triactine, e, sagittal triactine, f, tetractine, f1, detail of tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950986/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 36ac</figureCitation>
) presumably consisting of a tight mass of tubes, but this is largely obscured. In stead there are some folded portions and lacunae in the interior (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A925FFA5FD2F1DAAFC807F83" box="[718,818,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-92@49.[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 36. Ascoleucetta sagittata Cavalcanti et al. (2013), holotype ZMA Por. 13283, ac, various images of preserved holotype, showing surface and atrium (scale in a = 1 cm), d cross section of skeleton, showing layered structure (scale bar = 500 µm), cf, SEM images of the spicules, e, large triactines of the surface, f, small triactine, e, sagittal triactine, f, tetractine, f1, detail of tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950986/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 36d</figureCitation>
), which indicate the tubes. Presumably the aquiferous system is solenoid, but this is not elaborated. The skeleton contains three categories of triactines, one large regular (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A925FFA5FF7E1C62FF4D7E4B" box="[159,255,1295,1320]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-92@49.[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 36. Ascoleucetta sagittata Cavalcanti et al. (2013), holotype ZMA Por. 13283, ac, various images of preserved holotype, showing surface and atrium (scale in a = 1 cm), d cross section of skeleton, showing layered structure (scale bar = 500 µm), cf, SEM images of the spicules, e, large triactines of the surface, f, small triactine, e, sagittal triactine, f, tetractine, f1, detail of tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950986/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 36e</figureCitation>
), 300550 x 2055 µm, one small sagittal (
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Fig.
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) with unpaired actines 85144 x 510 µm and paired actines 80150 x 510 µm, one small regular (
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), 110160 x 1215 µm, and small regular tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A925FFA5FA8E1C59FF707E13" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-92@49.[151,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 36. Ascoleucetta sagittata Cavalcanti et al. (2013), holotype ZMA Por. 13283, ac, various images of preserved holotype, showing surface and atrium (scale in a = 1 cm), d cross section of skeleton, showing layered structure (scale bar = 500 µm), cf, SEM images of the spicules, e, large triactines of the surface, f, small triactine, e, sagittal triactine, f, tetractine, f1, detail of tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950986/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 36h</figureCitation>
) with actines of the basal radiate system 110150 x 1012.5 µm and apical actines (
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<figureCitation id="35972A31A925FFA5FB011C3AFB587E13" box="[1248,1258,1367,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1274,1296]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,735,1251]" captionTargetId="figure-396@5.[227,1360,735,1251]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Indonesia and adjacent countries showing approximate distribution of the sample location. Each white square represents one or more localities, and one or more specimens. Detailed locality positions are provided in the material examined data with each species (Free Edition map courtesy www.primap.com)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950886/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
) 3765 x 57.5 µm. The latter are protruding into the lumen of the internal tubes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA925FFA5FF261CF2FDA97EDB" box="[199,539,1439,1464]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A925FFA5FF261CF2FDA97EDB" blockId="48.[151,1437,1079,1932]" box="[199,539,1439,1464]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FF261CF2FE997EDB" bold="true" box="[199,299,1439,1464]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ecology.</emphasis>
Shallow-water reefs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA925FFA5FF261CA9FE6E7EBE" box="[199,476,1476,1501]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A925FFA5FF261CA9FE6E7EBE" blockId="48.[151,1437,1079,1932]" box="[199,476,1476,1501]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FF261CA9FEEB7EBE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1476,1501]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A925FFA5FE861CA9FE6A7EBE" box="[359,472,1476,1501]" name="Indonesia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA925FFA5FF261C8AFF4C7CE8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A925FFA5FF261C8AFF4C7CE8" blockId="48.[151,1437,1079,1932]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FF261C8AFE867D63" bold="true" box="[199,308,1511,1536]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species was recently described from a fragment, and we provide here images of the whole specimen. The presence of sagittal triactines is not observed very frequently, and they are not associated with the oscules, since there are no proper oscules in the
<typeStatus id="72178816A925FFA5FD041F42FCF57D2B" box="[741,839,1583,1608]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen. This species was earlier confused with specimens assigned to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FE7E1F38FD237D0E" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1913" box="[415,657,1620,1645]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chagosensis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FE7E1F38FD237D0E" box="[415,657,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Leucetta chagosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of similarity in spiculation with it (see below). By careful comparison, we have become convinced that
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FD741F1AFC3F7DEC" box="[661,909,1655,1680]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascoleucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagittata">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FD741F1AFC3F7DEC" box="[661,909,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ascoleucetta sagittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the yellow globular-massive
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FAE91F14FADB7DF3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[1288,1385,1657,1680]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FAE91F14FADB7DF3" box="[1288,1385,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Leucetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like specimens, which are so commonly encountered in the shallow reefs of
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A925FFA5FC3A1FF1FBFA7DD6" box="[987,1096,1692,1717]" name="Indonesia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and the adjacent regions, are virtually indistinguishable and may very well be the same species. From molecular sequence results of
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A925FFA5FAC11FD2FF537D9E" author="Voigt, O. &amp; Wulfing, E. &amp; Worheide, G." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref57203" refString="Voigt, O., Wulfing, E. &amp; Worheide, G. (2012) Molecular phylogenetic evaluation of classification and scenarios of character evolution in calcareous sponges (Porifera, Class Calcarea). PLOS One, 7 (3), e 33417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033417" type="journal volume" year="2012">
Voigt
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FA851FACFA2E7DBB" box="[1380,1436,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
there are indications that
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FDFD1F88FD747D9E" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1913" box="[540,710,1764,1789]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chagosensis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FDFD1F88FD747D9E" box="[540,710,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L. chagosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not closely related to other
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FBDD1F88FB487D9E" box="[1084,1274,1764,1789]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FBDD1F88FB2E7D9F" box="[1084,1180,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Leucetta</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
like
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FADD1F88FE7D7C43" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microraphis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FADD1F88FEAD7C43" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Leucetta microraphis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A925FFA5FEC91E6AFE7D7C43" author="Haeckel, E." box="[296,463,1799,1824]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which might support the idea that
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FC8C1E64FBA67C43" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1913" box="[877,1044,1799,1824]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chagosensis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FC8C1E64FBA67C43" box="[877,1044,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L. chagosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FBBE1E6AFB5C7C43" authorityName="Dendy &amp; Frederick" authorityYear="1924" box="[1119,1262,1799,1824]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascoleucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FBBE1E6AFB5C7C43" box="[1119,1262,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ascoleucetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not a genuine
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FF761E40FF457C27" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,247,1837,1860]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FF761E40FF457C27" box="[151,247,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Leucetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, conspecific or very closely related to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FD571E41FC8B7C27" box="[694,825,1836,1860]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascoleucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagittata">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FD571E41FC8B7C27" box="[694,825,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. sagittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This would require careful histological sections. We refrain from making a definite conclusion on this species because of a forthcoming revision of Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FADC1E3CFAC57C0B" box="[1341,1399,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
on
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A925FFA5FF761E18FF457CEF" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,247,1909,1932]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A925FFA5FF761E18FF457CEF" box="[151,247,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Leucetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A928FFA8FF761E65FED47C41" bold="true" box="[151,358,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Sycetta vinitincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA928FFA8FE8C1E65FE787C41" box="[365,458,1800,1826]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA928FFA8FF761E46FE6A7C27" box="[151,472,1835,1860]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A928FFA8FF761E46FE6A7C27" blockId="61.[151,472,1800,1860]" box="[151,472,1835,1860]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A928FFA8FF761E46FE857C27" box="[151,311,1835,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-124@62.[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 44. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., a, habitus in situ of the holotype RMNH Por. 1873 from the Berau region (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, detail of holotype to show papillar surface, c, a second specimen from the same locality (not collected), d, preserved paratype ZMA Por. 08633 from Salayar (scale bar = 1 cm), e, overview of spicules (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951008/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figures 44ae</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A928FFA8FEA21E46FE3A7C27" box="[323,392,1835,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-275@63.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 1873, light microscopic images, a, overview of peripheral protrusion showing the papillar surface (scale bar = 500 µm), b, cross section of the tubar wall to show atrial and papillar skeleton (scale bar = 100 µm), c, detail of a single papilla showing inarticulated tubar skeleton, d, tangential view of outer surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), e, tangential view of atrial surface (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951012/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">45ae</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A928FFA8FE751E46FE6A7C27" box="[404,472,1835,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-194@64.[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 46. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov.,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">46ah</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA928FFAAFF761E1EFD127DC2" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A928FFA8FF761E1EFE8A7CB7" blockId="61.[151,1436,1907,2004]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A928FFA8FF761E1EFECF7CEF" bold="true" box="[151,381,1907,1932]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A928FFA8FE711E1EFE8A7CB7" collectingDate="2003-10-07" collectionCode="RMNH, SCUBA" collectorName="Indonsesia, NE &amp; B. W. Hoeksema &amp; Berau &amp; Expedition" elevation="2" latitude="2.1254" location="Samama Island" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="118.336" municipality="Berau Islands" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A928FFA8FE711E1EFE4A7CEF" box="[400,504,1907,1932]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A928FFA8FDE51E1EFDEA7CE9" box="[516,600,1907,1930]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 1873,
<collectorName id="00595362A928FFA8FD041E1EFC267CE9" box="[741,916,1907,1932]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Indonsesia, NE</collectorName>
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A928FFA8FC411E1EFB947CEF" box="[928,1062,1907,1932]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Utara" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA928FFA8FBD41E1EFB677CEF" box="[1077,1237,1907,1932]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Berau Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A873606FA928FFA8FB041E1EFA2A7CEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A928FFD4FF761E65FE797DD3:A873606FA928FFA8FB041E1EFA2A7CEF" box="[1253,1432,1907,1932]" latitude="2.1254" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="118.336" municipality="Berau Islands" name="Samama Island" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara">Samama Island</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A928FFA8FF761EFAFEB17CD3" box="[151,259,1943,1968]" degrees="2.1254" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" precision="5" value="2.1254">2.1254°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A928FFA8FEEA1EFAFE367CD3" box="[267,388,1943,1968]" degrees="118.336" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="118.336">118.336°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A928FFA8FE361EFAFDB77CCC" box="[471,517,1943,1968]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="2.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A928FFA8FE361EFAFDB77CCC" box="[471,517,1943,1968]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A928FFA8FDF01EFAFDC37CD3" box="[529,625,1943,1968]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A928FFA8FD561EF5FCC27CD3" box="[695,880,1943,1968]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">B.W. Hoeksema</collectorName>
, #BER10/071003/053,
<collectorName id="00595362A928FFA8FB9B1EF5FB0F7CCC" box="[1146,1213,1944,1967]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Berau</collectorName>
2003
<collectorName id="00595362A928FFA8FAE51EFAFA307CD3" box="[1284,1410,1943,1968]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Expedition</collectorName>
,
<date id="D9121074A928FFA8FA6F1EF5FE867CB7" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="2003-10-07">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA928FFA8FA6F1EF5FE867CB7" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="2003-10-07">7 October 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA92BFFABFF761F9EFA957C25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14951008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951008/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" startId="62.[151,250,1779,1801]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1757]" targetPageId="62" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A92BFFABFF761F9EFA957C25" blockId="62.[151,1436,1779,1862]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A92BFFABFF761F9EFEAA7C6B" bold="true" box="[151,280,1779,1801]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 44</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A92BFFABFEC41F9EFE617C6B" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[293,467,1779,1801]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vinitincta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A92BFFABFEC41F9EFE617C6B" box="[293,467,1779,1801]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Sycetta vinitincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A92BFFABFE3B1F9EFD987C6B" bold="true" box="[474,554,1779,1800]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA92BFFABFE3B1F9EFD987C6B" box="[474,554,1779,1800]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, a, habitus
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A92BFFABFD7F1F9EFD6F7C6B" box="[670,733,1779,1800]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">in situ</emphasis>
of the holotype RMNH Por. 1873 from the Berau region (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, detail of holotype to show papillar surface, c, a second specimen from the same locality (not collected), d, preserved paratype ZMA Por. 08633 from Salayar (scale bar = 1 cm), e, overview of spicules (scale bar = 200 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A92BFFABFF261E03FE457CAD" blockId="62.[151,1437,1901,1998]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A92BFFABFF261E03FDB77CCA" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="Salayar, SW &amp; Pulau Guang" country="Indonesia" elevation="8" latitude="-6.35" location="Por." longLatPrecision="783" longitude="120.45" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A92BFFABFF261E03FE9B7CE5" box="[199,297,1902,1926]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A92BFFABFED21E00FEC37CE5" box="[307,369,1901,1926]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">ZMA</collectionCode>
<location id="A873606FA92BFFABFE9D1E03FE1A7CE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A928FFD4FF761E65FE797DD3:A873606FA92BFFABFE9D1E03FE1A7CE6" box="[380,424,1902,1925]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-6.35" longLatPrecision="783" longitude="120.45" name="Por." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Por.</location>
08633,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A92BFFABFDE81E00FDCB7CE5" box="[521,633,1901,1926]" name="Indonesia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A92BFFABFD531E00FCA87CE5" box="[690,794,1901,1926]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A92BFFABFCC91E00FC057CE5" box="[808,951,1901,1926]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Salayar, SW</collectorName>
coast, off the NW coast of
<collectorName id="00595362A92BFFABFAE11E00FA257CE5" box="[1280,1431,1901,1926]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pulau Guang</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A92BFFABFF761EFCFF507CC9" box="[151,226,1937,1962]" degrees="6.35" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" precision="555" value="-6.35">6.35°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A92BFFABFF0D1EFCFEE57CC9" box="[236,343,1937,1962]" degrees="120.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" precision="555" value="120.45">120.45°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A92BFFABFE4D1EFCFDB77CCA" box="[428,517,1937,1962]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A92BFFABFE4D1EFCFDB77CCA" box="[428,517,1937,1962]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">412 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A92BFFABFDF21EFCFDC17CC9" box="[531,627,1937,1962]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A92BFFABFD5B1EFFFF737CAD" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. M. van Soest &amp; Indonesian-Dutch Snellius &amp; Expedition" country="Indonesia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A92BFFABFD5B1EFFFD7D7CCA" box="[698,719,1938,1961]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="00595362A92BFFABFD331EFFFC3E7CC9" box="[722,908,1937,1962]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A92BFFABFC7B1EFCFB777CC9" box="[922,1221,1937,1962]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius</collectorName>
II
<collectorName id="00595362A92BFFABFB0A1EFCFAD47CC9" box="[1259,1382,1937,1962]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 152
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A92BFFABFF2B1ED8FE417CAD" box="[202,499,1973,1998]" collectingDate="1984-09-29" collectionCode="III" country="Indonesia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCode="III/15" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA92BFFABFF2B1ED8FEB97CAD" box="[202,267,1973,1998]" collectionCode="III" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">III/15</specimenCode>
,
<date id="D9121074A92BFFABFEF71ED8FE417CAD" box="[278,499,1973,1998]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1984-09-29">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA92BFFABFEF71ED8FE417CAD" box="[278,499,1973,1998]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1984-09-29">29 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA92AFFAAFF761CCCFBE87D70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14951012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951012/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[151,250,1441,1463]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" targetPageId="63" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A92AFFAAFF761CCCFBE87D70" blockId="63.[151,1436,1441,1555]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A92AFFAAFF761CCCFEAE7ED5" bold="true" box="[151,284,1441,1463]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 45</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A92AFFAAFECC1CCCFE527ED4" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[301,480,1441,1463]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vinitincta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A92AFFAAFECC1CCCFE527ED4" box="[301,480,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Sycetta vinitincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A92AFFAAFE0B1CCFFD8C7ED4" bold="true" box="[490,574,1442,1463]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA92AFFAAFE0B1CCFFD8C7ED4" box="[490,574,1442,1463]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype RMNH Por. 1873, light microscopic images, a, overview of peripheral protrusion showing the papillar surface (scale bar = 500 µm), b, cross section of the tubar wall to show atrial and papillar skeleton (scale bar = 100 µm), c, detail of a single papilla showing inarticulated tubar skeleton, d, tangential view of outer surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), e, tangential view of atrial surface (scale bar = 200 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A92AFFAAFF261F2DFD127DC2" blockId="63.[151,1437,1600,1985]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Additional material.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A92AFFAAFE4E1F2DFD137D1F" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="Karang Kaledupa" country="Indonesia" elevation="8" latitude="-5.9333" location="Tukang Besi Islands" longLatPrecision="5525" longitude="123.8" municipality="Por." pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A92AFFAAFE4E1F2DFE5F7D3A" box="[431,493,1600,1625]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">ZMA</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA92AFFAAFE141F2CFD907D3B" box="[501,546,1601,1624]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Por.</collectingMunicipality>
08221b,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A92AFFAAFD6B1F2DFD487D3A" box="[650,762,1600,1625]" name="Indonesia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A92AFFAAFCCC1F2DFC277D3A" box="[813,917,1600,1625]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="A873606FA92AFFAAFC411F2DFB347D3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A928FFD4FF761E65FE797DD3:A873606FA92AFFAAFC411F2DFB347D3A" box="[928,1158,1600,1625]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-5.9333" longLatPrecision="5525" longitude="123.8" municipality="Por." name="Tukang Besi Islands" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Tukang Besi Islands</location>
, southern reef of
<collectorName id="00595362A92AFFAAFAAB1F2CFEB77D1E" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Karang Kaledupa</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A92AFFAAFEF71F09FECC7D1E" box="[278,382,1636,1661]" degrees="5.9333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="-5.9333">5.9333°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A92AFFAAFE6A1F09FE5B7D1E" box="[395,489,1636,1661]" degrees="123.8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5555" value="123.8">123.8°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A92AFFAAFDA41F09FD137D1F" box="[581,673,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A92AFFAAFDA41F09FD137D1F" box="[581,673,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">411 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A92AFFAAFD531F09FCA07D1E" box="[690,786,1636,1661]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A92AFFAAFC831F08FEC57DC2" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. M. van Soest &amp; Indonesian-Dutch Snellius &amp; Expedition" country="Indonesia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A92AFFAAFC831F08FCC57D1F" box="[866,887,1637,1660]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="00595362A92AFFAAFC9B1F08FB897D1E" box="[890,1083,1636,1661]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A92AFFAAFBAC1F09FACF7D1E" box="[1101,1405,1636,1661]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius</collectorName>
II
<collectorName id="00595362A92AFFAAFF761FE5FEA07DC2" box="[151,274,1672,1697]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 016
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A92AFFAAFE9E1FE5FD2E7DC2" box="[383,668,1672,1697]" collectingDate="1984-09-08" collectionCode="III" country="Indonesia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="III/10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA92AFFAAFE9E1FE5FE737DC2" box="[383,449,1672,1697]" collectionCode="III" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">III/10</specimenCode>
,
<date id="D9121074A92AFFAAFE2C1FE5FD2E7DC2" box="[461,668,1672,1697]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1984-09-08">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA92AFFAAFE2C1FE5FD2E7DC2" box="[461,668,1672,1697]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1984-09-08">8 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA92AFFD4FF261FC1FE117854" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A92AFFAAFF261FC1FAA97C36" blockId="63.[151,1437,1600,1985]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A92AFFAAFF261FC1FEE37DA6" bold="true" box="[199,337,1708,1733]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Description</emphasis>
. Wine-red irregular broadly sac-shaped thin-walled tubes (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A92AFFAAFBEB1FC1FB3C7DA6" box="[1034,1166,1708,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-124@62.[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 44. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., a, habitus in situ of the holotype RMNH Por. 1873 from the Berau region (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, detail of holotype to show papillar surface, c, a second specimen from the same locality (not collected), d, preserved paratype ZMA Por. 08633 from Salayar (scale bar = 1 cm), e, overview of spicules (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951008/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs 44ac</figureCitation>
), with irregular-shaped knob-like side-tubes (diverticula?). In alcohol the specimens become white (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A92AFFAAFBEA1FBDFBC27D8A" box="[1035,1136,1744,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-124@62.[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 44. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., a, habitus in situ of the holotype RMNH Por. 1873 from the Berau region (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, detail of holotype to show papillar surface, c, a second specimen from the same locality (not collected), d, preserved paratype ZMA Por. 08633 from Salayar (scale bar = 1 cm), e, overview of spicules (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951008/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 44d</figureCitation>
). Surface of tube and side projections is covered in tiny rounded papillae of up to
<quantity id="6A549B51A92AFFAAFCC91F99FC307C6F" box="[808,898,1780,1805]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in height and width (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A92AFFAAFB621F99FB5B7C6E" box="[1155,1257,1780,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-124@62.[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 44. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., a, habitus in situ of the holotype RMNH Por. 1873 from the Berau region (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, detail of holotype to show papillar surface, c, a second specimen from the same locality (not collected), d, preserved paratype ZMA Por. 08633 from Salayar (scale bar = 1 cm), e, overview of spicules (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951008/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 44b</figureCitation>
). Size of entire specimens up to
<quantity id="6A549B51A92AFFAAFEB01E75FE357C53" box="[337,391,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
high, individual side-tubes, up to
<quantity id="6A549B51A92AFFAAFCE21E75FC887C53" box="[771,826,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="6A549B51A92AFFAAFC461E75FC5A7C53" box="[935,1000,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
in diameter, overall the sponge may be
<quantity id="6A549B51A92AFFAAFF761E51FF587C37" box="[151,234,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">45 cm</quantity>
wide, atrial lumen up to approximately
<quantity id="6A549B51A92AFFAAFD4D1E51FD507C37" box="[684,738,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
in diameter. Consistency soft and easily damaged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A92AFFAAFF261E0DFCB27CA2" blockId="63.[151,1437,1600,1985]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A92AFFAAFF261E0DFE857C1A" bold="true" box="[199,311,1888,1913]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Histology</emphasis>
. No histological section was made, but thin hand sections of the skeleton indicate that it has a probable syconoid aquiferous system (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A92AFFAAFDAB1EE9FD777CFE" box="[586,709,1924,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-275@63.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 1873, light microscopic images, a, overview of peripheral protrusion showing the papillar surface (scale bar = 500 µm), b, cross section of the tubar wall to show atrial and papillar skeleton (scale bar = 100 µm), c, detail of a single papilla showing inarticulated tubar skeleton, d, tangential view of outer surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), e, tangential view of atrial surface (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951012/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 45ac</figureCitation>
), but with choanocyte chambers shallow and closely adjacent to each other in the papillae. See also the Remarks below.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA955FFD5FF761F10FBAD7D8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" targetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" targetPageId="64" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A955FFD5FF761F10FBAD7D8D" blockId="64.[151,1436,1660,1774]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A955FFD5FF761F10FEA97DF1" bold="true" box="[151,283,1661,1683]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 46</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A955FFD5FEC81F11FE687DF1" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[297,474,1660,1682]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vinitincta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A955FFD5FEC81F11FE687DF1" box="[297,474,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Sycetta vinitincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A955FFD5FE021F10FD877DF1" bold="true" box="[483,565,1661,1682]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA955FFD5FE021F10FD877DF1" box="[483,565,1661,1682]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A955FFD4FF261E7BFE097BB6" blockId="64.[151,1437,1814,2019]" lastBlockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A955FFD5FF261E7BFE9F7C4C" bold="true" box="[199,301,1814,1839]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Skeleton</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A955FFD5FEA51E7BFE707C4C" box="[324,450,1814,1839]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-275@63.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 1873, light microscopic images, a, overview of peripheral protrusion showing the papillar surface (scale bar = 500 µm), b, cross section of the tubar wall to show atrial and papillar skeleton (scale bar = 100 µm), c, detail of a single papilla showing inarticulated tubar skeleton, d, tangential view of outer surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), e, tangential view of atrial surface (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951012/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs 45ae</figureCitation>
) The walls of the atrial tube and the side-tubes bear continuous close-set semi-globular (alveolar) papillae (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A955FFD5FE691E57FD947C30" box="[392,550,1850,1875]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-275@63.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 1873, light microscopic images, a, overview of peripheral protrusion showing the papillar surface (scale bar = 500 µm), b, cross section of the tubar wall to show atrial and papillar skeleton (scale bar = 100 µm), c, detail of a single papilla showing inarticulated tubar skeleton, d, tangential view of outer surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), e, tangential view of atrial surface (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951012/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs 45ab, d</figureCitation>
). Spicules of these alveolar papillae are predominantly characteristic oxhornshaped small triactines and tetractines (with upturned paired actines) in a single layer, but near the atrial lumen there is an additional subatrial smaller sagittal triactine spicule located (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A955FFD5FC341EEFFBE67CF8" box="[981,1108,1922,1947]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-275@63.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 1873, light microscopic images, a, overview of peripheral protrusion showing the papillar surface (scale bar = 500 µm), b, cross section of the tubar wall to show atrial and papillar skeleton (scale bar = 100 µm), c, detail of a single papilla showing inarticulated tubar skeleton, d, tangential view of outer surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), e, tangential view of atrial surface (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951012/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 45bc</figureCitation>
), differing from the alveolar oxhorn-shaped spicules in having the paired actines recurved. The atrial wall (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A955FFD5FBEC1ECBFB357CDC" box="[1037,1159,1958,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-275@63.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., holotype RMNH Por. 1873, light microscopic images, a, overview of peripheral protrusion showing the papillar surface (scale bar = 500 µm), b, cross section of the tubar wall to show atrial and papillar skeleton (scale bar = 100 µm), c, detail of a single papilla showing inarticulated tubar skeleton, d, tangential view of outer surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), e, tangential view of atrial surface (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951012/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 45c, e</figureCitation>
) is supported by regular larger tri- and tetractines, predominantly tetractines and smaller sagittal tri- and tetractines with paired actines almost in one plane and characteristic short unpaired actines. The skeletal structure of this species might be interpreted as inarticulate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF2619B2FB427A7E" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF2619B2FE9B7B9B" bold="true" box="[199,297,223,248]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A954FFD4FEA119B2FE157B9B" box="[320,423,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-124@62.[151,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 44. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov., a, habitus in situ of the holotype RMNH Por. 1873 from the Berau region (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, detail of holotype to show papillar surface, c, a second specimen from the same locality (not collected), d, preserved paratype ZMA Por. 08633 from Salayar (scale bar = 1 cm), e, overview of spicules (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951008/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs 44e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A954FFD4FE5519B2FE487B9B" box="[436,506,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-194@64.[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 46. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov.,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">46ah</figureCitation>
) Regular equiangular equiactinal triactines and tetractines in two size categories, oxhorn-shaped sagittal triactines and tetractines, small sagittal tri- and tetractines in two categories.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF26184AFDBF7A07" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Atrial triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A954FFD4FE6B184AFE587A23" box="[394,490,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-194@64.[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 46. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov.,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 46a</figureCitation>
) with unpaired actine up to 330
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FC8D184AFC197A23" box="[876,939,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">444.3</emphasis>
530 x 8
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FBFE184AFBE27A23" box="[1055,1104,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">10.3</emphasis>
13 µm, paired actines up to 190
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF2E1821FEBC7A06" box="[207,270,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">378.8</emphasis>
489 x 9
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FE9F1821FE1D7A06" box="[382,431,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">10.5</emphasis>
13 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF261802FB067ACF" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Atrial tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A954FFD4FE711802FDB97AEB" box="[400,523,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-194@64.[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 46. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov.,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs 46b, f</figureCitation>
) often with shorter unpaired actine, up to 210
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FBF41802FBE67AEB" box="[1045,1108,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">359.2</emphasis>
479 x 9
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FB221802FB407AEB" box="[1219,1266,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">11.8</emphasis>
14 µm, paired actines up to 240
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FE8218F9FE107ACE" box="[355,418,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">396.6</emphasis>
426 x 9
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FDF318F9FDF17ACE" box="[530,579,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">10.7</emphasis>
12 µm, and apical actines 18
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FC4118F9FC637ACE" box="[928,977,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">21.8</emphasis>
34 x 4
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FBD218F9FBE47ACE" box="[1075,1110,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">6.6</emphasis>
10 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF2618DAFE4B7A90" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Triactines with recurved actines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A954FFD4FDA318DAFD107AB3" box="[578,674,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-194@64.[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 46. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov.,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 46e</figureCitation>
), unpaired actines 149
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FC5A18DAFC487AB3" box="[955,1018,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">176.8</emphasis>
242 x 7.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FB6318DAFB177AB3" box="[1154,1189,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">8.3</emphasis>
9 µm, paired actines 108-126.4-135 x 6.5-7.6-
<quantity id="6A549B51A954FFD4FE5318B1FE477A90" box="[434,501,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF261892FD04795F" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Triactines of the alveolar papillae, oxhorn-shaped (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A954FFD4FCF21892FCC5797B" box="[787,887,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-194@64.[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 46. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov.,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 46c</figureCitation>
), with unpaired actines 28
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FB571892FB55797B" box="[1206,1255,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">68.0</emphasis>
123 x 5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FABC1892FA32797B" box="[1373,1408,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">6.2</emphasis>
8 µm, paired actines 91
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FE771B49FE74795E" box="[406,454,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">110.</emphasis>
2129 x 5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FDA21B49FDD4795E" box="[579,614,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">5.9</emphasis>
8 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF261B2AFA3979E7" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Tetractines of the alveolar papillae, oxhorn-shaped (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A954FFD4FCFA1B2AFC327903" box="[795,896,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-194@64.[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 46. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov.,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 46d</figureCitation>
), with unpaired actine up to 48
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FB171B2AFA877903" box="[1270,1333,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">106.1</emphasis>
180 x 8 µm, paired actines up to 93
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FE2F1B01FDB979E6" box="[462,523,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">120.8</emphasis>
135 x 6
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FD981B01FD2979E6" box="[633,667,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">6.8</emphasis>
8 µm and apical actine approximately 20
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FB971B01FB1479E6" box="[1142,1190,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">36.5</emphasis>
61 x 4.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FAFB1B01FA8E79E6" box="[1306,1340,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">5.6</emphasis>
7 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF261BE2FB0979A8" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Atrial triactines, sagittal, with short unpaired actines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A954FFD4FCA61BE2FC1C79CB" box="[839,942,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-194@64.[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 46. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov.,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Fig.
<quantity id="6A549B51A954FFD4FC601BE2FC1C79CB" box="[897,942,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="g" value="46.0">46g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), and paired actines almost in one plane, unpaired actines 68
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FE9F1BD9FE1D79AE" box="[382,431,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">89.3</emphasis>
112 x 7
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FDFF1BD9FDF379AE" box="[542,577,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">8.3</emphasis>
<quantity id="6A549B51A954FFD4FDB01BD9FD1379A8" box="[593,673,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, paired actines 153
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FC671BD9FC7779AE" box="[902,965,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">174.3</emphasis>
193 x 8
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FBD51BD9FBE579AE" box="[1076,1111,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">9.2</emphasis>
<quantity id="6A549B51A954FFD4FB891BD9FB0579A8" box="[1128,1207,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF261BBAFE117854" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Atrial tetractines, sagittal, with short unpaired actines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A954FFD4FCB01BBAFC057993" box="[849,951,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-194@64.[151,1436,219,1639]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 46. Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov.,SEM images of the spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 1873, a, large slightly sagittal triactines of the atrial skeleton, b, large slightly sagittal tetractines of the atrial skeleton, c, oxhorn triactine spicules of the papillar surface, d, oxhorn tetractine spicules of the papillar surface, e, subatrial sagittal triactine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractine, g, atrial triactine with short unpaired actine, h, atrial tetractine with short unpaired actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951014/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 46h</figureCitation>
) and paired actines almost in one plane, unpaired actines 18
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FE641B91FE047876" box="[389,438,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">33.2</emphasis>
53 x 8
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FDFF1B91FDF37876" box="[542,577,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">8.6</emphasis>
<quantity id="6A549B51A954FFD4FDB01B91FD107870" box="[593,674,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
, paired actines 88
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FC651B91FC717876" box="[900,963,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">172.0</emphasis>
361 x 8
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FBD81B91FBEE7876" box="[1081,1116,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">8.8</emphasis>
<quantity id="6A549B51A954FFD4FB8A1B91FB0C7870" box="[1131,1214,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, apical actines 25
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF761A72FF7A785B" box="[151,200,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">47.4</emphasis>
95 x 7
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FECB1A72FEFF785B" box="[298,333,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">8.1</emphasis>
<quantity id="6A549B51A954FFD4FEBD1A72FE2D7854" box="[348,415,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA954FFD4FF261A29FE7D783E" box="[199,463,836,861]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF261A29FE7D783E" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" box="[199,463,836,861]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF261A29FE90783E" bold="true" box="[199,290,836,861]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Ecology</emphasis>
. Shallow-reefs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA954FFD4FF261A0AFBFA78E3" box="[199,1096,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF261A0AFBFA78E3" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" box="[199,1096,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF261A0AFEE478E3" bold="true" box="[199,342,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Distribution</emphasis>
. So far known only from
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A954FFD4FD901A0AFD6C78E3" box="[625,734,871,896]" name="Indonesia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, at Salayar and the Berau region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA954FFD4FF261AE1FF5C78AB" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF261AE1FF5C78AB" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF261AE1FEF678C6" bold="true" box="[199,324,908,933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Etymology</emphasis>
. The word vinum (L.) means wine, tinctus (L.) means colored, referring to the wine-red color of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA954FFD4FF261AB9FE797DD3" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF261AB9FC087D33" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF261AB9FE86788E" bold="true" box="[199,308,980,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Remarks</emphasis>
. The genus assignment is tentative. Among
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FCCD1AB9FC1F788E" authorityName="Bidder" authorityYear="1898" box="[812,941,980,1005]" class="Calcarea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="65" pageNumber="102" phylum="Porifera" rank="subClass" subClass="Calcaronea">Calcaronea</taxonomicName>
, the papillate surface and a wall of alveolar choanocyte chambers only occur in the poorly known genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FC931A95FC717F6C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[882,963,1016,1039]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FC931A95FC717F6C" box="[882,963,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Sycetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with type species the Indian Ocean
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FA661A95FE7F7F56" authority="(Haeckel, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FA661A95FEB87F56" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. sagittifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FEFA1D71FE777F56" author="Haeckel, E." box="[283,453,1052,1077]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and other species the Mediterranean
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FC631D71FB737F56" authority="(Haeckel, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[898,1217,1052,1077]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FC631D71FC4F7F56" box="[898,1021,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. conifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FBEE1D71FB0B7F56" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1039,1209,1052,1077]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and two Antarctic species, S.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FEF31D2DFE367F34" box="[274,388,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FE6A1D52FDF67F3B" author="Brondsted, H. V." box="[395,580,1087,1112]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref53646" refString="Brondsted, H. V. (1931) Die Kalkschwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 03, 20, 1-47." type="journal article" year="1931">Brøndsted, 1931</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FD981D2DFC7F7F3B" authority="(Brondsted, 1931)" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[633,973,1087,1112]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primitiva">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FD981D2DFD4E7F34" box="[633,764,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. primitiva</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FCEB1D52FC777F3B" author="Brondsted, H. V." box="[778,965,1087,1112]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref53646" refString="Brondsted, H. V. (1931) Die Kalkschwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 03, 20, 1-47." type="journal article" year="1931">Brøndsted, 1931</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(originally as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FB8E1D52FAB67F3B" box="[1135,1284,1087,1112]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Tenthrenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FB8E1D52FAB67F3B" box="[1135,1284,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Tenthrenodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The spicule shapes and sizes of these species are clearly different from those of the present species, especially the Indian Ocean
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FF761DE5FE9B7FC3" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[151,297,1159,1184]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF761DE5FE9B7FC3" box="[151,297,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. sagittifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which lacks tetractines. Oliver Voigt (personal communication) made histological sections of the
<typeStatus id="72178816A954FFD4FF761DC1FF487FA7" box="[151,250,1196,1220]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, ZMA Por. 08633, and this confirmed that the alveolar structures are indeed syconoid choanocyte chambers, with choanocytes lining the entire internal walls. He pointed out that there is a great similarity in skeletal structure and histology with the South Australian
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FD051D99FC887E68" box="[740,826,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Sycon</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FCA41D98FB867E6E" authority="Dendy, 1893" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1893" box="[837,1076,1268,1293]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Pericharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carteri">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FCA41D98FC237E6F" box="[837,913,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">carteri</emphasis>
Dendy, 1893
</taxonomicName>
. The two are probably closely related, differing in habitus (
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FE001C75FDEC7E4C" box="[481,606,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FE061C75FDEC7E4C" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1893" box="[487,606,1304,1327]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Pericharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carteri">S. carteri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is a strongly divided bush of thin orange colored tubes) and spiculation (
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF411C51FEAE7E37" box="[160,284,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FF471C51FEAE7E37" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1893" box="[166,284,1340,1364]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Pericharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carteri">S. carteri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has brushes of short diactines on the papillae). Molecular work (
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FC1E1C51FB727E36" author="Voigt, O. &amp; Wulfing, E. &amp; Worheide, G." box="[1023,1216,1340,1365]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref57203" refString="Voigt, O., Wulfing, E. &amp; Worheide, G. (2012) Molecular phylogenetic evaluation of classification and scenarios of character evolution in calcareous sponges (Porifera, Class Calcarea). PLOS One, 7 (3), e 33417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033417" type="journal volume" year="2012">
Voigt
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FBA41C50FBCC7E36" box="[1093,1150,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
) also demonstrated that
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF281C0DFE8F7E14" box="[201,317,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FF2C1C0DFE8F7E14" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1893" box="[205,317,1376,1399]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Pericharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carteri">S.carteri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is in its turn closely related to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FD7D1C32FB597E1B" authority="Borojevic &amp; Klautau, 2000" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2000" box="[668,1259,1375,1400]" class="Calcarea" family="Jenkinidae" genus="Leucascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caveolata">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FD7D1C32FC027E1B" box="[668,944,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Leucascandra caveolata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FC561C32FB597E1B" author="Borojevic, R. &amp; Klautau, M." box="[951,1259,1375,1400]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="187 - 201" refId="ref53049" refString="Borojevic, R. &amp; Klautau, M. (2000) Calcareous sponges from New Caledonia. Zoosystema, 22 (2), 187-201." type="journal article" year="2000">Borojevic &amp; Klautau, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(described also in
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FF541CE9FE197EFE" author="Levi, C. &amp; Laboute, P. &amp; Bargibant, G. &amp; Menou, J. L." box="[181,427,1412,1437]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref55652" refString="Levi, C., Laboute, P., Bargibant, G. &amp; Menou, J. L. (Eds.) (1998) Sponges of the New Caledonian Lagoon. Editions ORSTOM, pp. 1-211." type="book chapter" year="1998">
Lévi
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF111CE8FE9B7EFE" box="[240,297,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(1998: 79)
</bibRefCitation>
. This species is rather more distinct in habitus and skeletal features: it is a dense mass of orangebrown, smooth, delicate tubes provided with thinner side tubes, the walls of the tubes are caveolate, i.e. rounded-syconoid (our interpretation), and there is a distinct cortex. There is no papillate surface as in
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FAAA1CA1FEB37D64" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vinitincta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FAAA1CA1FEB37D64" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Sycetta vinitincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA954FFD4FEE81C82FEE97D64" box="[265,347,1519,1544]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FEE81C82FEE67D6B" bold="true" box="[265,340,1519,1544]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">sp.nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FE721C9DFD8F7D64" box="[403,573,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Sycon
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FE101C9DFD8F7D64" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1893" box="[497,573,1520,1543]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Pericharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carteri">carteri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, but the three species share similar oval syconoid choanocyte chambers and the inarticulate skeleton.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FE241F79FDD67D4E" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2000" box="[453,612,1556,1581]" class="Calcarea" family="Jenkinidae" genus="Leucascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FE241F79FDD67D4E" box="[453,612,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Leucascandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is at present assigned to the family
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FBCE1F79FB187D4E" authorityName="Borojevic, Boury-Esnault &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="2000" box="[1071,1194,1556,1581]" class="Calcarea" family="Jenkinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Jenkinidae</taxonomicName>
, which is, however, postulated to be polyphyletic (
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FE081F5AFD1B7D33" author="Voigt, O. &amp; Wulfing, E. &amp; Worheide, G." box="[489,681,1591,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref57203" refString="Voigt, O., Wulfing, E. &amp; Worheide, G. (2012) Molecular phylogenetic evaluation of classification and scenarios of character evolution in calcareous sponges (Porifera, Class Calcarea). PLOS One, 7 (3), e 33417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033417" type="journal volume" year="2012">
Voigt
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FDCF1F54FDD57D33" box="[558,615,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FD551F5AFC1D7D33" author="Dohrmann, M. &amp; Voigt, O. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Worheide, G." box="[692,943,1591,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="830 - 843" refId="ref54626" refString="Dohrmann, M., Voigt, O., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Worheide, G. (2006) Non-monophyly of most supraspecific taxa of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) revealed by increased taxon sampling and partitioned Bayesian analysis of ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40, 830-843." type="journal article" year="2006">
Dohrmann
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FCD21F54FCD97D33" box="[819,875,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A954FFD4FF771FFBFE797DD3" blockId="65.[150,459,1686,1712]" box="[150,459,1686,1712]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF771FFBFE797DD3" bold="true" box="[150,459,1686,1712]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A954FFD4FF0F1FFBFE797DD3" authority="Risso, 1827" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1827" box="[238,459,1686,1712]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A954FFD4FF0F1FFBFE857DD3" bold="true" box="[238,311,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Sycon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A954FFD4FEDF1FFBFE797DD3" author="Risso, A." box="[318,459,1686,1712]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 403" refId="ref56280" refString="Risso, A. (1827) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes, Volume 5 [imprint 1826]. F. - G. Levrault, Paris, pp. i - vii, 1-403." type="book chapter" year="1827">Risso, 1827</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF761A09FDD6781D" blockId="60.[151,612,868,927]" box="[151,612,868,894]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="F65B81D8A929FFA9FF761A09FDD6781D" bold="true" box="[151,612,868,894]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A929FFA9FF761A09FDD6781D" ID-CoL="3T3WJ" authority="Vacelet, 1977" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,612,868,894]" class="Calcarea" family="Lelapiellidae" genus="Lelapiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaerulifera">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF761A09FDD6781D" bold="true" box="[151,612,868,894]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF761A09FE0B781D" bold="true" box="[151,441,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Lelapiella sphaerulifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A929FFA9FE201A09FDD6781D" author="Vacelet, J." box="[449,612,868,894]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="345 - 368" refId="ref56709" refString="Vacelet, J. (1977) Eponges pharetronides actuelles et sclerosponges de Polynesie francaise, de Madagascar et de la Reunion. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (3, Zoologie) 444 (307), 345-368." type="journal article" year="1977">Vacelet, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA929FFA9FF761AEBFE8478FC" box="[151,310,902,927]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF761AEBFE8478FC" blockId="60.[151,612,868,927]" box="[151,310,902,927]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A929FFA9FF761AEBFE8478FC" box="[151,310,902,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-118@61.[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 43. Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet (1977), ZMA Por. 09087, a, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of cortex and subcortical space showing cortical tripods, spherules and tracts of diactines (scale bar = 200 µm), cg, SEM images of the spicules, c, tripod, d, tetractine, e, spherule, f, hockeystick spicule, g, diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951006/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figures 43ag</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA929FFA9FF761AA3FCFC7887" box="[151,846,974,996]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF761AA3FCFC7887" blockId="60.[151,846,974,996]" box="[151,846,974,996]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBC119AA929FFA9FF761AA3FCFC7887" box="[151,846,974,996]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A929FFA9FF761AA3FCBB7887" author="Vacelet, J." box="[151,777,974,996]" page="362" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1977">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A929FFA9FF761AA3FCBB7887" ID-CoL="3T3WJ" authority="Vacelet, 1977: 362" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityPageNumber="362" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,777,974,996]" class="Calcarea" family="Lelapiellidae" genus="Lelapiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="incrustans" subSpecies="sphaerulifera">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF761AA3FEDC7887" box="[151,366,974,996]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Lelapiella incrustans</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FE5B1AA3FDF17887" box="[442,579,974,996]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">sphaerulifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A929FFA9FDA81AA3FCBB7887" author="Vacelet, J." box="[585,777,974,996]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="345 - 368" refId="ref56709" refString="Vacelet, J. (1977) Eponges pharetronides actuelles et sclerosponges de Polynesie francaise, de Madagascar et de la Reunion. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (3, Zoologie) 444 (307), 345-368." type="journal article" year="1977">Vacelet, 1977: 362</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 7.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA929FFA9FF761D7CFD967F11" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF761D7CFD967F11" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF761D7CFEC97F49" bold="true" box="[151,379,1041,1066]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Material examined</emphasis>
.
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<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A929FFA9FE6D1D7CFE787F49" box="[396,458,1041,1066]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 09087,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A929FFA9FDBE1D7CFD7D7F49" box="[607,719,1041,1066]" name="Indonesia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A929FFA9FCE71D7CFCDC7F49" box="[774,878,1041,1066]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A929FFA9FC9D1D7FFBD67F4A" box="[892,1124,1041,1066]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">NE Take Bone Rate</collectorName>
, western edge of reef
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,
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, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A929FFA9FDDE1D58FDCB7F2E" box="[575,633,1077,1102]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="35.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A929FFA9FDDE1D58FDCB7F2E" box="[575,633,1077,1102]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A929FFA9FD641D58FF477F11" collectionCode="SCUBA" collectorName="H. A. ten Hove &amp; Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition" country="Indonesia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A929FFA9FD641D58FD577F2D" box="[645,741,1077,1102]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A929FFA9FCC91D58FC7F7F2E" box="[808,973,1077,1102]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">H.A. ten Hove</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A929FFA9FC391D58FA2E7F2D" box="[984,1436,1077,1102]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 114
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A929FFA9FF1F1D34FD927F11" box="[254,544,1113,1138]" collectingDate="1984-09-27" collectionCode="V" country="Indonesia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="V/05" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA929FFA9FF1F1D34FE8A7F11" box="[254,312,1113,1138]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Museum">V/05</specimenCode>
,
<date id="D9121074A929FFA9FEA21D34FD927F11" box="[323,544,1113,1138]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1984-09-27">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA929FFA9FEA21D34FD927F11" box="[323,544,1113,1138]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1984-09-27">27 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA929FFA9FF261D10FB207D25" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261D10FD117FD9" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF261D10FEE37FF5" bold="true" box="[199,337,1149,1174]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Description</emphasis>
. White encrusting sponge (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A929FFA9FD641D10FD517FF5" box="[645,739,1149,1174]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-118@61.[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 43. Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet (1977), ZMA Por. 09087, a, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of cortex and subcortical space showing cortical tripods, spherules and tracts of diactines (scale bar = 200 µm), cg, SEM images of the spicules, c, tripod, d, tetractine, e, spherule, f, hockeystick spicule, g, diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951006/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 43a</figureCitation>
) on dead coral, size 1.5 x 0.5 x
<quantity id="6A549B51A929FFA9FBA61D10FB247FF6" box="[1095,1174,1149,1174]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
. Surface irregular, with thin grooves and small pits; harsh to the touch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261DA8FEBA7E45" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF261DA8FE9F7FBD" bold="true" box="[199,301,1221,1246]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Skeleton</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A929FFA9FEA81DA8FE1D7FBD" box="[329,431,1221,1246]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-118@61.[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 43. Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet (1977), ZMA Por. 09087, a, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of cortex and subcortical space showing cortical tripods, spherules and tracts of diactines (scale bar = 200 µm), cg, SEM images of the spicules, c, tripod, d, tetractine, e, spherule, f, hockeystick spicule, g, diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951006/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 43b</figureCitation>
) The cortex consists of a dense mass of spherules and tripods, carried over a large subcortical space by tracts of diactines. The basal skeleton is a mass of hockey-stick diactine spicules and spherules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261C5CFB1C7E29" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" box="[199,1198,1329,1354]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF261C5CFE9B7E29" bold="true" box="[199,297,1329,1354]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A929FFA9FEDF1C5CFE0F7E29" box="[318,445,1329,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-118@61.[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 43. Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet (1977), ZMA Por. 09087, a, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of cortex and subcortical space showing cortical tripods, spherules and tracts of diactines (scale bar = 200 µm), cg, SEM images of the spicules, c, tripod, d, tetractine, e, spherule, f, hockeystick spicule, g, diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951006/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs 43cg</figureCitation>
) Tripods, tetractines, diactines, hockey-stick diactines, spherules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261C38FBA97E0D" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" box="[199,1051,1365,1390]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Tripods (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A929FFA9FECD1C38FE3E7E0D" box="[300,396,1365,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-118@61.[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 43. Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet (1977), ZMA Por. 09087, a, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of cortex and subcortical space showing cortical tripods, spherules and tracts of diactines (scale bar = 200 µm), cg, SEM images of the spicules, c, tripod, d, tetractine, e, spherule, f, hockeystick spicule, g, diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951006/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 43c</figureCitation>
), usually inequiactinal, 171
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FD2E1C38FCBC7E0D" box="[719,782,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">226.2</emphasis>
285 x 36
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FC6D1C38FC0F7E0D" box="[908,957,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">46.0</emphasis>
57 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261C14FAD77EF1" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" box="[199,1381,1401,1426]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A929FFA9FEB01C14FE007EF1" box="[337,434,1401,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-118@61.[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 43. Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet (1977), ZMA Por. 09087, a, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of cortex and subcortical space showing cortical tripods, spherules and tracts of diactines (scale bar = 200 µm), cg, SEM images of the spicules, c, tripod, d, tetractine, e, spherule, f, hockeystick spicule, g, diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951006/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 43d</figureCitation>
), rare, actines of the basal radiate system 78100 x 9, short apical actine, 1020 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261CF0FEAD7EB9" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Diactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A929FFA9FEA11CF0FE2D7ED5" box="[320,415,1437,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-118@61.[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 43. Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet (1977), ZMA Por. 09087, a, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of cortex and subcortical space showing cortical tripods, spherules and tracts of diactines (scale bar = 200 µm), cg, SEM images of the spicules, c, tripod, d, tetractine, e, spherule, f, hockeystick spicule, g, diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951006/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Fig.
<quantity id="6A549B51A929FFA9FE951CF0FE2D7ED5" box="[372,415,1437,1462]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="g" value="43.0">43g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) slightly crooked in the middle, tapering to bluntly rounded endings, 126
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FB3E1CF0FAAC7ED5" box="[1247,1310,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">193.2</emphasis>
297 x 13
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF761CACFF7A7EB9" box="[151,200,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">17.2</emphasis>
27 µm
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261C88FEFB7D41" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Hockey-stick diactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A929FFA9FE081C88FDF57E9D" box="[489,583,1509,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-118@61.[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 43. Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet (1977), ZMA Por. 09087, a, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of cortex and subcortical space showing cortical tripods, spherules and tracts of diactines (scale bar = 200 µm), cg, SEM images of the spicules, c, tripod, d, tetractine, e, spherule, f, hockeystick spicule, g, diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951006/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 43f</figureCitation>
), club-shaped, 84
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FCFB1C88FCF97E9D" box="[794,843,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">95.8</emphasis>
106 x 18
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FC281C88FC487E9D" box="[969,1018,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">19.1</emphasis>
21 µm (shaft), thickened part 3033 µm in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261F40FB207D25" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" box="[199,1170,1581,1606]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Spherules (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A929FFA9FEA41F40FE167D25" box="[325,420,1581,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-118@61.[151,1436,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 43. Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet (1977), ZMA Por. 09087, a, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of cortex and subcortical space showing cortical tripods, spherules and tracts of diactines (scale bar = 200 µm), cg, SEM images of the spicules, c, tripod, d, tetractine, e, spherule, f, hockeystick spicule, g, diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951006/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 43e</figureCitation>
), bean-shaped, often asymmetrical, 26
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FC831F40FC377D25" box="[866,901,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">30.</emphasis>
236 x 17
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FBE21F40FB867D25" box="[1027,1076,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">18.2</emphasis>
20 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA929FFA9FF261F3CFD407D09" box="[199,754,1617,1642]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261F3CFD407D09" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" box="[199,754,1617,1642]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF261F3CFE967D09" bold="true" box="[199,292,1617,1642]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ecology</emphasis>
. Deeper water under overhangs, in reefs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA929FFA9FF261F18FD257DED" box="[199,663,1653,1678]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261F18FD257DED" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" box="[199,663,1653,1678]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF261F18FEEB7DED" bold="true" box="[199,345,1653,1678]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A929FFA9FE861F18FE657DED" box="[359,471,1653,1678]" name="Indonesia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A929FFA9FE031F1BFD217DED" box="[482,659,1653,1678]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA929FFA9FF261FF4FC3B7DD1" box="[199,905,1689,1714]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A929FFA9FF261FF4FC3B7DD1" blockId="60.[151,1436,1041,1714]" box="[199,905,1689,1714]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A929FFA9FF261FF4FE9B7DD1" bold="true" box="[199,297,1689,1714]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remark</emphasis>
. The present material matches the
<typeStatus id="72178816A929FFA9FD511FF7FD527DD1" box="[688,736,1690,1714]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
in great detail.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA933FFB3FF761B2BFD4C7903" box="[151,766,582,608]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF761B2BFD4C7903" blockId="38.[151,766,582,642]" box="[151,766,582,608]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="F65B81D8A933FFB3FF761B2BFD4C7903" bold="true" box="[151,766,582,608]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="4">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF761B2BFD4C7903" bold="true" box="[151,766,582,608]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FF761B2BFDC27903" ID-CoL="724C4" authority="(Polejaeff, 1883)" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[151,624,582,608]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF761B2BFE2C7903" bold="true" box="[151,414,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leucaltis nodusgordii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FE4C1B2BFDDA7903" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[429,616,582,608]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref56055" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 8 (2), 1-76," type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA933FFB3FD991B2BFD4C7903" box="[632,766,582,608]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA933FFB3FF761B04FE6A79E1" box="[151,472,617,642]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF761B04FE6A79E1" blockId="38.[151,766,582,642]" box="[151,472,617,642]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FF761B04FE8579E1" box="[151,311,617,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1478,1500]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-220@39.[151,1436,193,1456]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 28. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, habitus in situ of RMNH 1772 from Manado (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved specimen RMNH Por. 1772 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, habitus in situ of ZMA Por. 17557 from Papua New Guinea (photo R. Sonnenschein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950965/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figures 28ac</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FEA21B04FE3B79E1" box="[323,393,617,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetId="figure-381@40.[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 29. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, histological cross section of tube wall of RMNH Por. 1772 showing from left to right cortical skeleton of giant tri- and tetractines, equiangular triactines of the choanocyte chamber region, and abruptly angled tri- and tetractines of the atrial skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), bd, cross sections of holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.23a, b, detail of atrial skeleton and subatrial chamber region (scale bar = 200 µm), c, cross section of chamber region and cortex (scale bar = 500 µm), d, overview of cross section of tube wall (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950967/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">29ad</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FE741B04FE6A79E1" box="[405,472,617,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-98@41.[150,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 30. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 1772, a, giant and intermediate sized triactines of the cortical region, b, giant and intermediate sized tetractines of the cortical region, c, small regular-shaped triactines of the chamber layer, c1, small triactines seen from the side, d, regular equiangular tetractine of the chamber layer, e, abruptly angled triactines, f, abruptly angled tetractines, both from the atrial region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950971/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">30ae</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA933FFB3FF761BDFFA297840" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF761BDFFA2E79A4" blockId="38.[151,1436,689,926]" box="[151,1436,689,711]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FF761BDFFDF579A4" ID-CoL="3LBSF" authority="Polejaeff, 1883" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,583,689,711]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Heteropegma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF761BDFFE1379A4" box="[151,417,689,711]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Heteropegma nodusgordii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FE4B1BDCFDF579A4" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[426,583,689,711]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref56055" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 8 (2), 1-76," type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in part, only the Torres Strait material): 45, pl. I fig. 7, pl. IV figs 1ad;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FAB51BDCFA2E79A4" author="Dendy, A." box="[1364,1436,689,711]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="57 - 246" refId="ref54356" refString="Dendy, A. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.) Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar 3 (Supplement 18). Royal Society, London, pp. 57-246." type="book chapter" year="1905">Dendy,</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF261BBDFA297840" blockId="38.[151,1436,689,926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
1905: 230;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FED31BBDFE437985" author="Jenkin, C. F." box="[306,497,720,742]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="434 - 456" refId="ref55440" refString="Jenkin, C. F. (1908) The Marine Fauna of Zanzibar and British East Africa, from Collections made by Cyril Crossland, M. A., in the Years 1901 &amp; 1902. The Calcareous Sponges. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908, 434-456." type="book chapter" year="1908">Jenkin, 1908: 453</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 103.?
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FF431B83FD797867" ID-CoL="5PRVN" authority="Ridley, 1884: 628" authorityName="Ridley" authorityPageNumber="628" authorityYear="1884" box="[162,715,750,772]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="bathybia" variety="mascarenica">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF431B83FEEC7867" box="[162,350,750,772]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leucaltis bathybia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FE6F1B82FDBC7867" box="[398,526,751,772]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">mascarenica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FDF41B83FD797867" author="Ridley, S. O." box="[533,715,750,772]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="582 - 630" refId="ref56220" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London), pp. 366 - 482, 582-630." type="book chapter" year="1884">Ridley, 1884: 628</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. LIV figs a, a.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FF761A60FD8D7840" ID-CoL="6Q4C7" authority="sensu Dendy, 1913: 16" authorityName="sensu Dendy" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,575,781,803]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF761A60FEF97840" box="[151,331,781,803]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
sensu Dendy, 1913: 16
</taxonomicName>
, pl.2 figs 12;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FD3A1A60FC177840" author="Hozawa, S." box="[731,933,781,803]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref55404" refString="Hozawa, S. (1940) Reports on the calcareous sponges obtained by the Zoological Institute and Museum of Hamburg. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, 15, 131-163." type="journal article" year="1940">Hôzawa, 1940: 136</bibRefCitation>
, pl. VI fig. 3;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FBDA1A60FB437840" author="Tanita, S." box="[1083,1265,781,803]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="353 - 490" refId="ref56640" refString="Tanita, S. (1943) Studies on the Calcarea of Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, 17, 353-490." type="journal article" year="1943">Tanita, 1943: 394</bibRefCitation>
, pl. XIII fig. 27;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA933FFB3FF261A41FDA278FD" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF261A41FDC17821" blockId="38.[151,1436,689,926]" box="[199,627,812,834]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FF261A41FDA27821" author="Borojevic, R. &amp; Klautau, M." box="[199,528,812,834]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="187 - 201" refId="ref53049" refString="Borojevic, R. &amp; Klautau, M. (2000) Calcareous sponges from New Caledonia. Zoosystema, 22 (2), 187-201." type="journal article" year="2000">Borojevic &amp; Klautau, 2000: 190</bibRefCitation>
, figs 23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF7C1A27FA29781C" blockId="38.[151,1436,689,926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
(not:
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FF321A27FE297803" author="Haeckel, E." box="[211,411,842,864]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 159</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 29 figs 3a3c).
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FF761A07FEEE781C" box="[151,348,873,895]" class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Leuconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Baerida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paloensis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF761A07FEEE781C" box="[151,348,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leuconia paloensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FE8B1A04FD30781C" author="Colin, P. L. &amp; Arneson, C." box="[362,642,873,895]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 296" refId="ref54075" refString="Colin, P. L. &amp; Arneson, C. (1995) Tropical Pacific Invertebrates. A field guide to the Marine Invertebrates occurring on Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs, Seagrass Beds and Mangroves. Coral Reef Press: Irvine, USA, pp. 1-296." type="book chapter" year="1995">Colin &amp; Arneson, 1995: 61</bibRefCitation>
, photo 235;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FCE31A04FC44781C" author="Gosliner, T. M. &amp; Behrens, D. &amp; Williams, G. C." box="[770,1014,873,895]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref54749" refString="Gosliner, T. M., Behrens, D. W &amp; Williams, G. C. (1996) Coral reef animals of the Indo-Pacific: animal life from Africa to Hawaii exclusive of the vertebrates. Sea Challengers, Monterey, pp. 1-314." type="book chapter" year="1996">
Gosliner
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FC811A07FC26781C" box="[864,916,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
1996: 17
</bibRefCitation>
, photo 8;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FBBD1A04FAD2781C" author="Erhardt, H. &amp; Baensch, H. A." box="[1116,1376,873,895]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 1214" refId="ref54685" refString="Erhardt, H. &amp; Baensch, H. A. (1998) Meerwasser Atlas 4. Wirbellose. Mergus Verlag, Melle, Germany, pp. 1-1214." type="book chapter" year="1998">Erhardt &amp; Baensch, 1998</bibRefCitation>
Atlas
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF261AE5FDA278FD" blockId="38.[151,1436,689,926]" box="[199,528,904,926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
4: 21, 2425 (not:
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FE621AE5FDB678FD" author="Tanita, S." box="[387,516,904,926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="353 - 490" refId="ref56640" refString="Tanita, S. (1943) Studies on the Calcarea of Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, 17, 353-490." type="journal article" year="1943">Tanita, 1943</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA933FFB3FF761AA7FAC27E28" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF761AA7FE247F2C" blockId="38.[151,1437,970,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF761AA7FECC7880" bold="true" box="[151,382,970,995]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A933FFB3FE701AA6FA257881" box="[401,1431,970,995]" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Negeri &amp; Manado Tua South" country="Indonesia" elevation="20" location="Por." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FE701AA6FE577881" box="[401,485,971,994]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<location id="A873606FA933FFB3FE101AA6FDAD7881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A933FFBEFF761B2BFF647FA6:A873606FA933FFB3FE101AA6FDAD7881" box="[497,543,971,994]" country="Indonesia" name="Por." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Por.</location>
1772,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A933FFB3FD941AA7FD577880" box="[629,741,970,995]" name="Indonesia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A933FFB3FD141AA7FC187880" box="[757,938,970,995]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">North Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FC5A1AA7FBB87880" box="[955,1034,970,995]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Negeri</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FBFB1AA7FB4F7880" box="[1050,1277,970,995]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Manado Tua South</collectorName>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A933FFB3FAB61AA7FA257881" box="[1367,1431,970,995]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A933FFB3FAB61AA7FA257881" box="[1367,1431,970,995]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FF761A83FF457F64" box="[151,247,1006,1031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FEDE1A82FE577F64" box="[319,485,1006,1031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">N.J. de Voogd</collectorName>
, #
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A933FFB3FDE01A83FBC57F64" box="[513,1143,1006,1031]" collectingDate="2002-05-16" collectionCode="MD" country="Indonesia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCode="MD08" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA933FFB3FDE01A83FDF87F64" box="[513,586,1006,1031]" collectionCode="MD" country="Germany" name="Museum Donaueschingen" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MD08</specimenCode>
/160502/043,
<date id="D9121074A933FFB3FD091A83FC307F64" box="[744,898,1006,1031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2002-05-16">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA933FFB3FD091A83FC307F64" box="[744,898,1006,1031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2002-05-16">16 May 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(several individuals)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A933FFB3FB651A83FBB67F49" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="Normanby Island, N" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="21" latitude="-9.7328" location="Por." longLatPrecision="7" longitude="150.7402" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FB651A83FB707F64" box="[1156,1218,1006,1031]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ZMA</collectionCode>
<location id="A873606FA933FFB3FB2D1A82FB4B7F65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A933FFBEFF761B2BFF647FA6:A873606FA933FFB3FB2D1A82FB4B7F65" box="[1228,1273,1007,1030]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-9.7328" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="150.7402" name="Por." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Por.</location>
17557,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A933FFB3FAB91A82FE9B7F48" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FED61D7FFD907F49" box="[311,546,1042,1067]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Normanby Island, N</collectorName>
point,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A933FFB3FD961D7FFD6D7F48" box="[631,735,1042,1067]" degrees="9.7328" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="-9.7328">9.7328°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A933FFB3FD091D7FFCC27F48" box="[744,880,1042,1067]" degrees="150.7402" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="150.7402">150.7402°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A933FFB3FC271D7FFBB67F49" box="[966,1028,1042,1067]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="21.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A933FFB3FC271D7FFBB67F49" box="[966,1028,1042,1067]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="21.0">21 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FBF21D7FFBC17F48" box="[1043,1139,1042,1067]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A933FFB3FB5D1D7EFE207F2C" collectingDate="2002-05-30" collectionCode="R" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Schonnenschein" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FB5D1D7EFB607F49" box="[1212,1234,1043,1066]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">R</collectionCode>
.
<location id="A873606FA933FFB3FB3E1D7FFA2A7F48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A933FFBEFF761B2BFF647FA6:A873606FA933FFB3FB3E1D7FFA2A7F48" box="[1247,1432,1042,1067]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Schonnenschein" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Schonnenschein</location>
, #02136,
<date id="D9121074A933FFB3FF181D5BFE207F2C" box="[249,402,1078,1103]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2002-05-30">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA933FFB3FF181D5BFE207F2C" box="[249,402,1078,1103]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2002-05-30">30 May 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF261D37FAC27E28" blockId="38.[151,1437,970,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Examined for comparison.
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FDE71D36FDE87F11" box="[518,602,1115,1138]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">BMNH</collectionCode>
1884.4.22.23a, two slides labeled Type and from type, Challenger Torres Straits, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FE621D13FE5D7FF4" box="[387,495,1150,1175]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Brit.Mus.</collectorName>
27 (subsequently labeled as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FCB71D13FB907FF4" authorityName="sensu Dendy" authorityYear="1913" box="[854,1058,1150,1175]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FCB71D13FB907FF4" box="[854,1058,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A933FFB3FBA11D13FBB37FD9" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="Poivre Atoll, N" country="Seychelles" elevation="8" latitude="-5.7333" location="Por." longLatPrecision="7" longitude="53.3167" municipality="Amirante Islands" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FBA11D13FBCC7FF4" box="[1088,1150,1150,1175]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ZMA</collectionCode>
<location id="A873606FA933FFB3FB6A1D12FB0A7FF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A933FFBEFF761B2BFF647FA6:A873606FA933FFB3FB6A1D12FB0A7FF5" box="[1163,1208,1151,1174]" country="Seychelles" latitude="-5.7333" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="53.3167" municipality="Amirante Islands" name="Por." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Por.</location>
12443,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A933FFB3FAFC1D13FA2A7FF4" box="[1309,1432,1150,1175]" name="Seychelles" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA933FFB3FF761DCFFEED7FD8" box="[151,351,1186,1211]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amirante Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FE8E1DCFFD977FD9" box="[367,549,1186,1211]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Poivre Atoll, N</collectorName>
rim,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A933FFB3FD8A1DCFFD617FD8" box="[619,723,1186,1211]" degrees="5.7333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="-5.7333">5.7333°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A933FFB3FD3E1DCFFCEB7FD8" box="[735,857,1186,1211]" degrees="53.3167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="53.3167">53.3167°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A933FFB3FC521DCFFBB37FD9" box="[947,1025,1186,1211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A933FFB3FC521DCFFBB37FD9" box="[947,1025,1186,1211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">78 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FBF31DCFFBC07FD8" box="[1042,1138,1186,1211]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A933FFB3FB211DCEFC707FBC" collectingDate="1992-12-31" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. M. van Soest &amp; Indian Ocean Program" country="Netherlands" location="Netherlands" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FB211DCEFB677FD9" box="[1216,1237,1187,1210]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FB391DCEFA2A7FD8" box="[1240,1432,1186,1211]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A933FFB3FF761DABFEAC7FBC" box="[151,286,1222,1247]" name="Netherlands" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FEC91DABFD987FBC" box="[296,554,1222,1247]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Indian Ocean Program</collectorName>
E stat. 768/08,
<date id="D9121074A933FFB3FD051DABFC707FBC" box="[740,962,1222,1247]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1992-12-31">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA933FFB3FD051DABFC707FBC" box="[740,962,1222,1247]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1992-12-31">31 December 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A933FFB3FC2E1DABFC8C7E61" collectionCode="ZMA" country="Seychelles" elevation="8" latitude="-4.7333" location="Por." longLatPrecision="7" longitude="55.5167" municipality="Anse Royale Bay" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FC2E1DABFBBF7FBC" box="[975,1037,1222,1247]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ZMA</collectionCode>
<location id="A873606FA933FFB3FBF61DAAFBF67FBD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A933FFBEFF761B2BFF647FA6:A873606FA933FFB3FBF61DAAFBF67FBD" box="[1047,1092,1223,1246]" country="Seychelles" latitude="-4.7333" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="55.5167" municipality="Anse Royale Bay" name="Por." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Por.</location>
16248,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A933FFB3FB421DABFAAC7FBC" box="[1187,1310,1222,1247]" name="Seychelles" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, Mahé, SE coast,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA933FFB3FF3F1D87FE117E60" box="[222,419,1258,1283]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Anse Royale Bay</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A933FFB3FE4F1D87FDA47E60" box="[430,534,1258,1283]" degrees="4.7333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="-4.7333">4.7333°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A933FFB3FDFC1D87FD257E60" box="[541,663,1258,1283]" degrees="55.5167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="55.5167">55.5167°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A933FFB3FD061D87FC8C7E61" box="[743,830,1258,1283]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="2.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A933FFB3FD061D87FC8C7E61" box="[743,830,1258,1283]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="2.0">213 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FCAB1D87FC187E60" box="[842,938,1258,1283]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A933FFB3FC0C1D86FD507E44" collectingDate="1992-12-24" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. M. van Soest &amp; Indian Ocean Program" country="Netherlands" location="Netherlands" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FC0C1D86FBB07E61" box="[1005,1026,1259,1282]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FBE41D86FB0E7E60" box="[1029,1212,1258,1283]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A933FFB3FB271D87FAFF7E60" box="[1222,1357,1258,1283]" name="Netherlands" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FAB41D87FEFA7E44" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Indian Ocean Program</collectorName>
E stat. 740/04,
<date id="D9121074A933FFB3FDE51C63FD507E44" box="[516,738,1294,1319]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1992-12-24">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA933FFB3FDE51C63FD507E44" box="[516,738,1294,1319]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1992-12-24">24 December 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A933FFB3FD101C62FADE7E28" collectingDate="1970-09-05" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes' &amp; Shelf Expedition" country="Guyana" elevation="65" latitude="7.7" location="Por." longLatPrecision="7821" longitude="-57.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A933FFB3FD101C62FCF77E45" box="[753,837,1295,1318]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<location id="A873606FA933FFB3FCAE1C62FCCE7E45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A933FFBEFF761B2BFF647FA6:A873606FA933FFB3FCAE1C62FCCE7E45" box="[847,892,1295,1318]" country="Guyana" latitude="7.7" longLatPrecision="7821" longitude="-57.5" name="Por." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Por.</location>
9314, off
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A933FFB3FC191C63FBE07E44" box="[1016,1106,1294,1319]" name="Guyana" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A933FFB3FB811C63FB107E44" box="[1120,1186,1294,1319]" degrees="7.7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5555" value="7.7">7.7°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A933FFB3FB4D1C63FAB17E44" box="[1196,1283,1294,1319]" degrees="57.5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5555" value="-57.5">57.5°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A933FFB3FABB1C63FA257E45" box="[1370,1431,1294,1319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="65.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A933FFB3FABB1C63FA257E45" box="[1370,1431,1294,1319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, dredged, bottom muddy sand and shells, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FD7F1C5FFCB47E28" box="[670,774,1330,1355]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Luymes</collectorName>
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A933FFB3FCEF1C5FFCD77E28" box="[782,869,1330,1355]" name="Guyana" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Guyana</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="00595362A933FFB3FC8D1C5FFB9B7E28" box="[876,1065,1330,1355]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Shelf Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 107,
<date id="D9121074A933FFB3FB7C1C5FFADE7E28" box="[1181,1388,1330,1355]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1970-09-05">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA933FFB3FB7C1C5FFADE7E28" box="[1181,1388,1330,1355]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1970-09-05">5 September 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA933FFBDFF261C3BFA297EF8" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF261C3BFD7B7E9C" blockId="38.[151,1437,970,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF261C3BFEE37E0C" bold="true" box="[199,337,1366,1391]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description</emphasis>
. A clathrate mass of anastomosing tubes (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FCC81C3BFC177E0C" box="[809,933,1366,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1478,1500]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-220@39.[151,1436,193,1456]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 28. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, habitus in situ of RMNH 1772 from Manado (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved specimen RMNH Por. 1772 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, habitus in situ of ZMA Por. 17557 from Papua New Guinea (photo R. Sonnenschein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950965/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 28a, c</figureCitation>
), largest individual 12 x 6 x
<quantity id="6A549B51A933FFB3FB071C3BFAAD7E0D" box="[1254,1311,1366,1391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
, individual tubes quite variable in length and diameter, undivided tube lengths up to
<quantity id="6A549B51A933FFB3FC211C17FBBC7EF1" box="[960,1038,1402,1427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="6A549B51A933FFB3FB601C17FB527EF1" box="[1153,1248,1402,1427]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.0">28 mm</quantity>
. Tubes ending in oscules, as wide as the tube (upright) or more often smaller (flush with the surface); oscules naked. Surface smooth, consistency brittle but somewhat compressible. Color white or pinkish white, lavender-colored, becoming yellowish white in preserved condition (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FDBB1C8BFD0F7E9C" box="[602,701,1510,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1478,1500]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-220@39.[151,1436,193,1456]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 28. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, habitus in situ of RMNH 1772 from Manado (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved specimen RMNH Por. 1772 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, habitus in situ of ZMA Por. 17557 from Papua New Guinea (photo R. Sonnenschein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950965/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 28b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF261F67FE297D24" blockId="38.[151,1437,970,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF261F67FE857D40" bold="true" box="[199,311,1546,1571]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Histology</emphasis>
. The choanocyte chambers (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FD701F67FCAA7D40" box="[657,792,1546,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetId="figure-381@40.[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 29. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, histological cross section of tube wall of RMNH Por. 1772 showing from left to right cortical skeleton of giant tri- and tetractines, equiangular triactines of the choanocyte chamber region, and abruptly angled tri- and tetractines of the atrial skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), bd, cross sections of holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.23a, b, detail of atrial skeleton and subatrial chamber region (scale bar = 200 µm), c, cross section of chamber region and cortex (scale bar = 500 µm), d, overview of cross section of tube wall (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950967/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 29bd</figureCitation>
) are long, broad and branching, somewhat inbetween syconoid and sylleibid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF261F3FFD907CB0" blockId="38.[151,1437,970,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF261F3FFE9F7D08" bold="true" box="[199,301,1618,1643]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Skeleton</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FEA51F3FFE717D08" box="[324,451,1618,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetId="figure-381@40.[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 29. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, histological cross section of tube wall of RMNH Por. 1772 showing from left to right cortical skeleton of giant tri- and tetractines, equiangular triactines of the choanocyte chamber region, and abruptly angled tri- and tetractines of the atrial skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), bd, cross sections of holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.23a, b, detail of atrial skeleton and subatrial chamber region (scale bar = 200 µm), c, cross section of chamber region and cortex (scale bar = 500 µm), d, overview of cross section of tube wall (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950967/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 29ad</figureCitation>
) Cortical skeleton formed by the basal triradiate system of giant tetractines mixed with giant triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FEAA1F1BFE557DEC" box="[331,487,1654,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetId="figure-381@40.[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 29. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, histological cross section of tube wall of RMNH Por. 1772 showing from left to right cortical skeleton of giant tri- and tetractines, equiangular triactines of the choanocyte chamber region, and abruptly angled tri- and tetractines of the atrial skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), bd, cross sections of holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.23a, b, detail of atrial skeleton and subatrial chamber region (scale bar = 200 µm), c, cross section of chamber region and cortex (scale bar = 500 µm), d, overview of cross section of tube wall (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950967/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 29a, cd</figureCitation>
). Actines of the giant tetractines and triactines protrude into the choanomal skeleton. Next to the actines of the giant tri- and tetractines, the choanosomal skeleton (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FBDA1FF7FB0E7DD0" box="[1083,1212,1690,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetId="figure-381@40.[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 29. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, histological cross section of tube wall of RMNH Por. 1772 showing from left to right cortical skeleton of giant tri- and tetractines, equiangular triactines of the choanocyte chamber region, and abruptly angled tri- and tetractines of the atrial skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), bd, cross sections of holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.23a, b, detail of atrial skeleton and subatrial chamber region (scale bar = 200 µm), c, cross section of chamber region and cortex (scale bar = 500 µm), d, overview of cross section of tube wall (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950967/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 29ac</figureCitation>
) contains scattered intermediate to small-sized regular triactines and tetractines, lining the choanocyte chambers, with free actines of these spicules protruding into the lumen of the choanocyte chambers. The atrial skeleton (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A933FFB3FB641F8FFAB17D98" box="[1157,1283,1762,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetId="figure-381@40.[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 29. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, histological cross section of tube wall of RMNH Por. 1772 showing from left to right cortical skeleton of giant tri- and tetractines, equiangular triactines of the choanocyte chamber region, and abruptly angled tri- and tetractines of the atrial skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), bd, cross sections of holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.23a, b, detail of atrial skeleton and subatrial chamber region (scale bar = 200 µm), c, cross section of chamber region and cortex (scale bar = 500 µm), d, overview of cross section of tube wall (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950967/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 29ab</figureCitation>
) consists of a single layer of sagittal triactines, and less common tetractines, provided with characteristic abruptly curved paired actines, the paired actines lined up in a single plane. There is a distinct complement of diactinal, triactine-derived, spicules which may be the product of broken-off third actines, but the common occurrence indicates it may be a reduced spicule form. Likewise, there are club-shaped irregular diactinal spicules, probably derived from the abruptly curved sagittal triactines, scattered in the atrial region; occasional forms of these spicules occur with reduced or absent unpaired actines.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA932FFB2FF761CABFEE37D7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950965" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950965/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,250,1478,1500]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1456]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A932FFB2FF761CABFEE37D7A" blockId="39.[151,1436,1478,1561]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FF761CABFEAA7EB8" bold="true" box="[151,280,1478,1500]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 28</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A932FFB2FEC41CABFD067EBF" authority="(Polejaeff, 1883)" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[293,692,1478,1500]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FEC41CABFDB37EBF" box="[293,513,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Leucaltis nodusgordii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A932FFB2FDEC1CABFD1E7EBF" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[525,684,1478,1500]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref56055" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 8 (2), 1-76," type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FCC51CAAFCD17EBF" box="[804,867,1479,1500]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">in situ</emphasis>
of RMNH 1772 from Manado (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved specimen RMNH Por. 1772 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, habitus
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FCA91C88FC347E99" box="[840,902,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">in situ</emphasis>
of ZMA Por. 17557 from Papua New Guinea (photo R. Sonnenschein).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A932FFB2FF261F2DFCF37D1E" blockId="39.[151,1436,1600,1985]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FF261F2DFE9B7D3A" bold="true" box="[199,297,1600,1625]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A932FFB2FEDF1F2DFE087D3A" box="[318,442,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-98@41.[150,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 30. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 1772, a, giant and intermediate sized triactines of the cortical region, b, giant and intermediate sized tetractines of the cortical region, c, small regular-shaped triactines of the chamber layer, c1, small triactines seen from the side, d, regular equiangular tetractine of the chamber layer, e, abruptly angled triactines, f, abruptly angled tetractines, both from the atrial region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950971/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 30ae</figureCitation>
) Giant triactines and tetractines, small regular triactines and tetractines, sagittal abruptly curved triactines and tetractines, reduced forms of the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A932FFB2FF261FE5FA357DC2" blockId="39.[151,1436,1600,1985]" box="[199,1415,1672,1697]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Giant triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A932FFB2FE631FE5FE507DC2" box="[386,482,1672,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-98@41.[150,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 30. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 1772, a, giant and intermediate sized triactines of the cortical region, b, giant and intermediate sized tetractines of the cortical region, c, small regular-shaped triactines of the chamber layer, c1, small triactines seen from the side, d, regular equiangular tetractine of the chamber layer, e, abruptly angled triactines, f, abruptly angled tetractines, both from the atrial region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950971/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 30a</figureCitation>
), equiangular, actines more or less equiactinal, 252
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FBCD1FE5FBD97DC2" box="[1068,1131,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">458.1</emphasis>
792 x 19
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FB081FE5FAA87DC2" box="[1257,1306,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">47.3</emphasis>
108 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A932FFB2FF261FC1FD0A7D8A" blockId="39.[151,1436,1600,1985]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Giant tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A932FFB2FE711FC1FE417DA6" box="[400,499,1708,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-98@41.[150,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 30. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 1772, a, giant and intermediate sized triactines of the cortical region, b, giant and intermediate sized tetractines of the cortical region, c, small regular-shaped triactines of the chamber layer, c1, small triactines seen from the side, d, regular equiangular tetractine of the chamber layer, e, abruptly angled triactines, f, abruptly angled tetractines, both from the atrial region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950971/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 30b</figureCitation>
), equiangular, actines more or less equiactinal, or occasionally with slightly longer basal actine, 624
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FE811FBDFE2D7D8A" box="[352,415,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">820.1</emphasis>
1110 x 66
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FDC81FBDFDE87D8A" box="[553,602,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">85.2</emphasis>
97 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A932FFB2FF261F99FA347C6E" blockId="39.[151,1436,1600,1985]" box="[199,1414,1780,1805]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Additionally, a single giant diactine, 846 x 36 µm, was observed. Possibly, it represented a reduced triactine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A932FFB2FF261E75FA827C52" blockId="39.[151,1436,1600,1985]" box="[199,1328,1816,1841]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Regular equiactinal triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A932FFB2FDFF1E75FD327C52" box="[542,640,1816,1841]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-98@41.[150,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 30. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 1772, a, giant and intermediate sized triactines of the cortical region, b, giant and intermediate sized tetractines of the cortical region, c, small regular-shaped triactines of the chamber layer, c1, small triactines seen from the side, d, regular equiangular tetractine of the chamber layer, e, abruptly angled triactines, f, abruptly angled tetractines, both from the atrial region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950971/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 30d</figureCitation>
), occasionally tripod-shaped, 30
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FC181E75FB987C52" box="[1017,1066,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">79.1</emphasis>
193 x 1.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FB4E1E75FB607C52" box="[1199,1234,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4.7</emphasis>
13 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A932FFB2FF261E51FE727C1A" blockId="39.[151,1436,1600,1985]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Regular tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A932FFB2FE4D1E51FDBC7C36" box="[428,526,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-98@41.[150,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 30. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 1772, a, giant and intermediate sized triactines of the cortical region, b, giant and intermediate sized tetractines of the cortical region, c, small regular-shaped triactines of the chamber layer, c1, small triactines seen from the side, d, regular equiangular tetractine of the chamber layer, e, abruptly angled triactines, f, abruptly angled tetractines, both from the atrial region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950971/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 30d</figureCitation>
), actines of the basal radiate system and apical actines more or less similar, 21
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FF761E0DFF7A7C1A" box="[151,200,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">83.9</emphasis>
138 x 2
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FED91E0DFEE97C1A" box="[312,347,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4.4</emphasis>
7.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A932FFB2FF261EE9FE6E7CA2" blockId="39.[151,1436,1600,1985]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Sagittal, abruptly angled triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A932FFB2FDBE1EE9FD737CFE" box="[607,705,1924,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-98@41.[150,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 30. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 1772, a, giant and intermediate sized triactines of the cortical region, b, giant and intermediate sized tetractines of the cortical region, c, small regular-shaped triactines of the chamber layer, c1, small triactines seen from the side, d, regular equiangular tetractine of the chamber layer, e, abruptly angled triactines, f, abruptly angled tetractines, both from the atrial region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950971/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 30e</figureCitation>
), unpaired actine 42
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FC591EE9FC5B7CFE" box="[952,1001,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">47.3</emphasis>
60 x 2.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FB841EE9FB3A7CFE" box="[1125,1160,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2.9</emphasis>
3.5 µm, paired actines, 42
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FF201EC5FF407CA2" box="[193,242,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">62.1</emphasis>
72 x 3
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A932FFB2FEB51EC5FEC57CA2" box="[340,375,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">3.8</emphasis>
4.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA93DFFBDFF761DEFFBFD7E71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950967/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[151,250,1154,1176]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1133]" targetPageId="40" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93DFFBDFF761DEFFBFD7E71" blockId="40.[151,1436,1154,1298]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFF761DEFFEA87FF4" bold="true" box="[151,282,1154,1176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 29</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93DFFBDFEC91DEFFD0E7FFB" authority="(Polejaeff, 1883)" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[296,700,1154,1176]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFEC91DEFFDB77FFB" box="[296,517,1154,1176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Leucaltis nodusgordii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93DFFBDFDF51DEFFD077FFB" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[532,693,1154,1176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref56055" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 8 (2), 1-76," type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a, histological cross section of tube wall of RMNH Por. 1772 showing from left to right cortical skeleton of giant tri- and tetractines, equiangular triactines of the choanocyte chamber region, and abruptly angled tri- and tetractines of the atrial skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), bd, cross sections of holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.23a, b, detail of atrial skeleton and subatrial chamber region (scale bar = 200 µm), c, cross section of chamber region and cortex (scale bar = 500 µm), d, overview of cross section of tube wall (scale bar = 1 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93DFFBDFF261C57FB2C7E14" blockId="40.[151,1437,1338,1903]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Sagittal, abruptly angled tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A93DFFBDFD891C57FD757E30" box="[616,711,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-98@41.[150,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 30. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 1772, a, giant and intermediate sized triactines of the cortical region, b, giant and intermediate sized tetractines of the cortical region, c, small regular-shaped triactines of the chamber layer, c1, small triactines seen from the side, d, regular equiangular tetractine of the chamber layer, e, abruptly angled triactines, f, abruptly angled tetractines, both from the atrial region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950971/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 30f</figureCitation>
), unpaired actine 60
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFC5A1C57FC5E7E30" box="[955,1004,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">64.2</emphasis>
66 x 4
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFBB01C57FBC67E30" box="[1105,1140,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">4.2</emphasis>
5 µm, paired actines 78
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFF761C33FF7A7E14" box="[151,200,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">79.3</emphasis>
87 x 6.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFEDE1C33FED07E14" box="[319,354,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">6.8</emphasis>
7 µm, apical actine short, difficult to measure, approximately 10 x 3 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93DFFBDFF261CEFFA297EF8" blockId="40.[151,1437,1338,1903]" box="[199,1435,1410,1435]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Reduced diactinal modifications of sagittal triactines, size of actines 60
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFC121CEFFB967EF8" box="[1011,1060,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">64.4</emphasis>
69 x 2.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFB7A1CEFFB0C7EF8" box="[1179,1214,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">3.1</emphasis>
4 µm (not shown).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA93DFFBDFF261CCBFCA07EDD" box="[199,786,1446,1471]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93DFFBDFF261CCBFCA07EDD" blockId="40.[151,1437,1338,1903]" box="[199,786,1446,1471]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFF261CCBFE967EDC" bold="true" box="[199,292,1446,1471]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ecology</emphasis>
. Coral reefs, among living corals,
<quantity id="6A549B51A93DFFBDFD491CCBFCBC7EDD" box="[680,782,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">1525 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA93DFFBDFF261CA7FDC97D64" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93DFFBDFF261CA7FDC97D64" blockId="40.[151,1437,1338,1903]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFF261CA7FEEB7E80" bold="true" box="[199,345,1482,1507]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution</emphasis>
. At least North
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFDF01CA7FDC97E80" box="[529,635,1482,1507]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFD661CA7FC8A7E80" box="[647,824,1482,1507]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFCA41CA7FC077E80" box="[837,949,1482,1507]" name="Indonesia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFC211CA7FB2C7E80" box="[960,1182,1482,1507]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFB4B1CA7FA977E80" box="[1194,1317,1482,1507]" name="Seychelles" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFAD01CA7FA2A7E80" box="[1329,1432,1482,1507]" name="Tanzania" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
; possibly South Australia,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFE591C82FE497D65" box="[440,507,1519,1542]" name="Japan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFDE71C83FDC57D64" box="[518,631,1518,1543]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA93DFFBEFF261F7FFF647FA6" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93DFFBDFF261F7FFE677DD9" blockId="40.[151,1437,1338,1903]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93DFFBDFF261F7FFE867D48" bold="true" box="[199,308,1554,1579]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks</emphasis>
. The
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFE961F7FFDE07D48" box="[375,594,1554,1579]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
material (ZMA Por. 17757) included in the above given spicule data, had somewhat smaller spicules: giant triactines 228602 x 2047 µm, giant tetractines 570998 x 65104 µm, small triactines 5466 x 23 µm, small tetractines paired &amp; unpaired actines 5466 x 1.52.5 µm and apical actines 812 x 2 µm, atrial triactines &amp; tetractines with paired &amp; unpaired actines 3374 x 36 µm, apical actines 812 x 6 µm, and diactines 5060 x 4 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93DFFBDFF261FAAFB4F7C0C" blockId="40.[151,1437,1338,1903]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A93DFFBDFF261FAAFB4B7C0C" collectionCode="ZMA" country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="2">
We report here also
<specimenCount id="BBAAFD3DA93DFFBDFE461FAAFDFF7DBC" box="[423,589,1734,1759]" count="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
belonging to this species from outside
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFBE31FABFBC07DBC" box="[1026,1138,1734,1759]" name="Indonesia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, viz. the
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93DFFBDFB371FABFAFC7DBC" box="[1238,1358,1734,1759]" name="Seychelles" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A93DFFBDFABD1FABFA2E7DBC" box="[1372,1436,1734,1759]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 12443 and 16248), with essentially similar habitus and spicule size data: giant triactines 111610 x 1854 µm, giant tetractines 5521230 x 90156 µm, small triactines 48126 x 27 µm, small tetractines with actines of the basal triradiate system 66115 x 25 and apical actines 1035 x 25 µm, atrial triactines and tetractines with paired and unpaired actines 4560 x 2.56 µm and apical actines 1015 x 6 µm, diactines 6772 x 34 µm
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA93CFFBCFF761F9CFB097C00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950971/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[151,250,1777,1799]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" targetPageId="41" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93CFFBCFF761F9CFB097C00" blockId="41.[151,1436,1777,1891]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93CFFBCFF761F9CFEAD7C65" bold="true" box="[151,287,1777,1799]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 30</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93CFFBCFED31F9CFD677C64" authority="(Polejaeff, 1883)" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[306,725,1777,1799]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93CFFBCFED31F9CFDA77C64" box="[306,533,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Leucaltis nodusgordii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93CFFBCFDC91F9CFD7C7C64" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[552,718,1777,1799]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref56055" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 8 (2), 1-76," type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 1772, a, giant and intermediate sized triactines of the cortical region, b, giant and intermediate sized tetractines of the cortical region, c, small regular-shaped triactines of the chamber layer, c1, small triactines seen from the side, d, regular equiangular tetractine of the chamber layer, e, abruptly angled triactines, f, abruptly angled tetractines, both from the atrial region.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F9D3663CA93FFFBFFF761FF6FB477D8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950973/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" startId="42.[151,250,1691,1713]" targetBox="[152,1435,193,1669]" targetPageId="42" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93FFFBFFF761FF6FB477D8D" blockId="42.[151,1436,1691,1774]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93FFFBFFF761FF6FEAE7DD3" bold="true" box="[151,284,1691,1713]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 31</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93FFFBFFECA1FF6FD207DD2" authority="(Haeckel, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[299,658,1691,1713]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93FFFBFFECA1FF6FE537DD2" box="[299,481,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93FFFBFFE101FF6FD397DD2" author="Haeckel, E." box="[497,651,1691,1713]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, RMNH Por. 9314, from the Guayana shelf, Atlantic Ocean, a, habitus of preserved specimen (scale bar = 1 cm), b-g, SEM figures of the spicules, b, giant tetractine, c, giant triactines, d, large abruptly angled triactines, ee1, small abruptly angled tri- and tetractines, ff1, regular tri- and tetractines, g, trichoxea.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93FFFBEFF261E7BFDAA7A06" blockId="42.[151,1436,1813,2018]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
We name this material
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93FFFBFFE301E78FD7C7C4D" box="[465,718,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93FFFBFFE301E78FD7B7C4D" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[465,713,1813,1838]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii">Leucaltis nodusgordii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
against the consensus in the literature that it should be named
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93FFFBFFF761E54FD927C31" authority="(Haeckel, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[151,544,1849,1874]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93FFFBFFF761E54FED27C31" box="[151,352,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93FFFBFFE901E54FDAA7C31" author="Haeckel, E." box="[369,536,1849,1874]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. Dendy 1913;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93FFFBFFCE51E54FC727C31" author="Levi, C. &amp; Laboute, P. &amp; Bargibant, G. &amp; Menou, J. L." box="[772,960,1849,1874]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref55652" refString="Levi, C., Laboute, P., Bargibant, G. &amp; Menou, J. L. (Eds.) (1998) Sponges of the New Caledonian Lagoon. Editions ORSTOM, pp. 1-211." type="book chapter" year="1998">
Lévi
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93FFFBFFCA01E57FCCE7C31" box="[833,892,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93FFFBFFC2E1E54FB4D7C31" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[975,1279,1849,1874]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="859 - 891" refId="ref57408" refString="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (1999) Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43 (2), 859-891." type="journal article" year="1999">Wörheide &amp; Hooper 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93FFFBFFAEF1E54FE897C15" author="Borojevic, R. &amp; Klautau, M." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="187 - 201" refId="ref53049" refString="Borojevic, R. &amp; Klautau, M. (2000) Calcareous sponges from New Caledonia. Zoosystema, 22 (2), 187-201." type="journal article" year="2000">Borojevic &amp; Klautau 2000</bibRefCitation>
). The treatment by previous authors of this and related specimens is rather frustrating. The subsequent authors all refer to Poléjaeffs admittedly excellent description, but fail to compare it in detail with Haeckels
<typeStatus id="72178816A93FFFBFFEEC1ECBFE8F7CDD" box="[269,317,1958,1982]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93FFFBFFE821ECAFE6B7CDD" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[355,473,1957,1982]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93FFFBFFE821ECAFE6B7CDD" box="[355,473,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">L. clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This should have been done, e.g. by Dendy (1913), who saw fragments of Haeckels
<typeStatus id="72178816A93FFFBFFF761EA7FF757C81" box="[151,199,1994,2018]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
brought to the Natural History Museum in London by Mr. R.W.H. Row. Dendy (1913: 17) stated that he examined the fragments carefully, and he gives some comments indicating that Haeckels description was incomplete, but failed to provide measurements of the spicules. Unfortunately, we were not able to lay our hands on a slide of Haeckels
<typeStatus id="72178816A93EFFBEFE9B198DFE187B9B" box="[378,426,224,248]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
still remaining in the collections in London, cited by
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93EFFBEFBE3198DFB697B9B" author="Burton, M." box="[1026,1243,223,248]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 693" refId="ref53769" refString="Burton, M. (1963) Revision of the classification of the calcareous sponges. London. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 1-693." type="book chapter" year="1963">Burton (1963: 598)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93EFFBEFAF019B2FECB7A7E" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="859 - 891" refId="ref57408" refString="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (1999) Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43 (2), 859-891." type="journal article" year="1999">Wörheide &amp; Hooper (1999: 877)</bibRefCitation>
. Both these sources, like Dendy (1913), did not describe the contents of the slide. The external form is apparently so characteristic and convincing that proper description of the spicules and their variation is largely neglected by most authors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93EFFBEFF261802FD3F7AAC" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93EFFBEFF261802FE167AEB" author="Haeckel, E." box="[199,420,367,392]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel (1872: 159</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 29 figs 3ac) described a brownish (alcohol) clathrate mass of tubes, size
<quantity id="6A549B51A93EFFBEFAE71802FAE97AE4" box="[1286,1371,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">36 cm</quantity>
, from a depth of
<quantity id="6A549B51A93EFFBEFEF318F9FEFE7AC8" box="[274,332,404,429]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="63.0">63 m</quantity>
off the coast of
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A93EFFBEFDE818F9FDEF7ACE" box="[521,605,404,429]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Florida</collectingRegion>
, collected by A. Agassiz, as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93EFFBEFC4618F9FBBF7ACE" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[935,1037,404,429]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93EFFBEFC4618F9FBBF7ACE" box="[935,1037,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Leucaltis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or alternatively
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93EFFBEFB3218F9FA987AC8" box="[1235,1322,404,427]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Artynas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93EFFBEFB3218F9FA987AC8" box="[1235,1322,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Artynas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93EFFBEFADD18F9FA277ACE" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1340,1429,404,429]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93EFFBEFADD18F9FA277ACE" box="[1340,1429,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the spicules described and measured as:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93EFFBEFF2618B1FAAD79CB" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Triactines (mittelgross = middlesized) 400600 x 3050 µm. Tetractines (colossal) 800
<date id="D9121074A93EFFBEFB0318B1FA837A90" box="[1250,1329,476,501]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1200-10">1200 x</date>
100150 µm, occasionally as long as 2000 µm. Sagittal tri- and tetractines (drawn with paired actines in 180° degree angle and with bluntly rounded ends), paired actines 5070 x 23 µm, unpaired actines 3040 µm. Triactines more common than tetractines. Occasional subregular triactines 400700 x 12 µm. Although in his description he mentions small choanosomal tri- and tetractines supporting the choanocyte chambers he does not provide measurements. Dendy (1913) stated that these were amply present in the London fragments of the
<typeStatus id="72178816A93EFFBEFB061BFDFAA979CB" box="[1255,1307,656,680]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93EFFBEFF261BD9FF647FA6" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
We report here a specimen in the collections of the
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93EFFBEFCEC1BD9FB5C79A8" authority="Biodiversity Center, RMNH Por." authorityName="Biodiversity Center, RMNH Por." box="[781,1262,692,717]" class="Calcarea" family="Dendyidae" genus="Naturalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RMNH Por.</taxonomicName>
9314, from the
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93EFFBEFF761BBAFF5C7993" box="[151,238,727,752]" name="Guyana" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Guyana</collectingCountry>
shelf (
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A93EFFBEFEA51BBAFE3A7993" box="[324,392,727,752]" degrees="7.7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="5555" value="7.7">7.7°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A93EFFBEFE751BBAFE597993" box="[404,491,727,752]" degrees="57.5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="5555" value="-57.5">57.5°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A93EFFBEFDA41BBAFD347993" box="[581,646,727,752]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</quantity>
), which may be considered representative for the Western Atlantic population to which Haeckels
<typeStatus id="72178816A93EFFBEFE161B91FD957877" box="[503,551,764,788]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
is assumed to belong. The habitus (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A93EFFBEFC5E1B91FBAC7876" box="[959,1054,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-187@42.[152,1435,193,1669]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 31. Leucaltis clathria (Haeckel, 1872), RMNH Por. 9314, from the Guayana shelf, Atlantic Ocean, a, habitus of preserved specimen (scale bar = 1 cm), b-g, SEM figures of the spicules, b, giant tetractine, c, giant triactines, d, large abruptly angled triactines, ee1, small abruptly angled tri- and tetractines, ff1, regular tri- and tetractines, g, trichoxea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950973/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 31a</figureCitation>
) and the spiculation (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A93EFFBEFAF21B91FA267876" box="[1299,1428,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-187@42.[152,1435,193,1669]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 31. Leucaltis clathria (Haeckel, 1872), RMNH Por. 9314, from the Guayana shelf, Atlantic Ocean, a, habitus of preserved specimen (scale bar = 1 cm), b-g, SEM figures of the spicules, b, giant tetractine, c, giant triactines, d, large abruptly angled triactines, ee1, small abruptly angled tri- and tetractines, ff1, regular tri- and tetractines, g, trichoxea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950973/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 31bg</figureCitation>
) (actines of giant tri- and tetractines: 210530 x 1563 µm, actines of small equiangular tri- and tetractines: 4055 x 23 µm, abruptly angled tri- and tetractines with unpaired angles 4045 x 34 µm, paired actines 5065 x 34 µm) of this specimen are indeed strikingly similar to the Indo-West Pacific specimens listed and described above. However, there is one obvious difference in the spicule complement (see
<figureCitation id="35972A31A93EFFBEFC0D1AE1FBFD78C6" box="[1004,1103,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-187@42.[152,1435,193,1669]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 31. Leucaltis clathria (Haeckel, 1872), RMNH Por. 9314, from the Guayana shelf, Atlantic Ocean, a, habitus of preserved specimen (scale bar = 1 cm), b-g, SEM figures of the spicules, b, giant tetractine, c, giant triactines, d, large abruptly angled triactines, ee1, small abruptly angled tri- and tetractines, ff1, regular tri- and tetractines, g, trichoxea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950973/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 31d</figureCitation>
), namely the presence in the
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93EFFBEFF761AC2FF5C78AB" box="[151,238,943,968]" name="Guyana" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Guyana</collectingCountry>
specimen of a second category of large abruptly angled triactines with paired actines 122141 x 8.510 µm and unpaired actines 111126 x 610 µm, clearly twice as long and thick as the usual spicules reported by us above. These spicules are not very common, so they might have been overlooked by Haeckel and Dendy. It appears to us that this difference supports the specific distinctness of specimens from West Pacific and West Atlantic localities.
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93EFFBEFEED1D52FE497F3B" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[268,507,1087,1112]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">Klautau et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
found considerable DNA sequence distance between
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93EFFBEFB891D52FA837F3B" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1128,1329,1087,1112]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93EFFBEFB891D52FA837F3B" box="[1128,1329,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Caribbean and individuals assigned to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93EFFBEFDAE1D08FD757F1E" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[591,711,1124,1149]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93EFFBEFDAE1D08FD757F1E" box="[591,711,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">L. clathria</emphasis>
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from
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93EFFBEFCEC1D09FCC57F1E" box="[781,887,1124,1149]" name="Australia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and on that basis pleaded for making a specific distinction. This confirms that both morphologically and genetically a separate species
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93EFFBEFB691DEAFACD7FC3" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1160,1407,1159,1184]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93EFFBEFB691DEAFACD7FC3" box="[1160,1407,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Leucaltis nodusgordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is valid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF761FF8FEEC7DCC" bold="true" box="[151,350,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ascandra crewsi</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF761FDAFD9F7C76" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF761FDAFE347DB3" blockId="35.[151,451,1685,1744]" box="[151,390,1719,1744]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FF761FDAFE857DB3" box="[151,311,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-244@36.[151,1436,301,1597]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ascandra crewsi sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 17556 from Papua New Guinea, a, habitus in situ (photo L. E. Becking), b, preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), c, oblique tangential view of skeleton of atrial surface showing the protruding apical actines of the tetractine spicules (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950957/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figures 26ac</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FEA21FDAFE347DB3" box="[323,390,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1513,1535]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-227@37.[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ascandra crewsi sp.nov.,holotype ZMA Por. 17556, SEM images of the spicules, a, large tetractine, b, rare triactine, c, small tetractine, d, apical actine of large tetractine, e, apical actine of small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950963/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">27ae</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF761E6DFD9F7C76" blockId="35.[151,557,1792,1814]" box="[151,557,1792,1814]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FF761E6DFEF67C76" box="[151,324,1792,1814]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF761E6DFEAC7C75" box="[151,286,1792,1814]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
; Ralifo,
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FE7B1E6CFE7F7C75" box="[410,461,1792,1814]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007: 7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF761E2FFCE87C1C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF761E2FFCE87C1C" blockId="35.[151,1436,1858,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF761E2FFEC87C38" bold="true" box="[151,378,1858,1883]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A936FFB6FE681E2FFCE87C1C" collectingDate="2002-05-29" collectionCode="ZMA, SCUBA, R" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="21" latitude="-10.2518" location="Wahoo" longLatPrecision="54" longitude="150.758" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FE681E2FFE437C38" box="[393,497,1858,1883]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A936FFB6FE1B1E2FFD8A7C38" box="[506,568,1858,1883]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 17556,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A936FFB6FD281E2EFC157C38" box="[713,935,1858,1883]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="A873606FA936FFB6FC521E2FFBB67C38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A936FFB3FF761FF8FDA07979:A873606FA936FFB6FC521E2FFBB67C38" box="[947,1028,1858,1883]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-10.2518" longLatPrecision="54" longitude="150.758" name="Wahoo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Wahoo</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A936FFB6FBF01E2FFB347C38" box="[1041,1158,1858,1883]" degrees="10.2518" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="5" value="-10.2518">10.2518°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A936FFB6FB6E1E2FFABA7C38" box="[1167,1288,1858,1883]" degrees="150.758" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="55" value="150.758">150.758°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A936FFB6FABA1E2FFA257C39" box="[1371,1431,1858,1883]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="21.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A936FFB6FABA1E2FFA257C39" box="[1371,1431,1858,1883]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="21.0">21 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, in cave,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A936FFB6FF141E0BFEE77C1C" box="[245,341,1894,1919]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A936FFB6FE791E0AFE1C7C1D" box="[408,430,1895,1918]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R</collectionCode>
. Sonnenschein #02130,
<date id="D9121074A936FFB6FD5F1E0BFCE57C1C" box="[702,855,1894,1919]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2002-05-29">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA936FFB6FD5F1E0BFCE57C1C" box="[702,855,1894,1919]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2002-05-29">29 May 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB0FF261EE7FEE57DE1" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB1FF261EE7FC337B9B" blockId="35.[151,1436,1858,2027]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF261EE7FEE37CC0" bold="true" box="[199,337,1930,1955]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FE8A1EE7FE5F7CC0" box="[363,493,1930,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-244@36.[151,1436,301,1597]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ascandra crewsi sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 17556 from Papua New Guinea, a, habitus in situ (photo L. E. Becking), b, preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), c, oblique tangential view of skeleton of atrial surface showing the protruding apical actines of the tetractine spicules (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950957/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 26ab</figureCitation>
) The material consists of two samples showing thin-walled tubes with extensive system of thin side branches forming a reticulation around the central tube. Size of the whole specimens in preserved condition (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FE661EBFFE5A7C88" box="[391,488,2002,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-244@36.[151,1436,301,1597]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ascandra crewsi sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 17556 from Papua New Guinea, a, habitus in situ (photo L. E. Becking), b, preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), c, oblique tangential view of skeleton of atrial surface showing the protruding apical actines of the tetractine spicules (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950957/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 26b</figureCitation>
) up to 10 x 4 x
<quantity id="6A549B51A936FFB6FD441EBFFD537C89" box="[677,737,2002,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
, central tubes less than
<quantity id="6A549B51A936FFB6FC131EBFFB987C89" box="[1010,1066,2002,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in diameter and branches of the network
<quantity id="6A549B51A931FFB1FF1819FAFEE47BCC" box="[249,342,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 mm</quantity>
in diameter. The network of side branches is frequently dead-ended, and these ends taper to a fine point. The central tube ends in a wide oscule. Color snow-white, but the central tubes are semi-transparent. Consistency soft, becoming limp out of the water, easily damaged.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA931FFB1FF761F3FFCC77DC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950957/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,250,1618,1640]" targetBox="[151,1436,301,1597]" targetPageId="36" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A931FFB1FF761F3FFCC77DC5" blockId="36.[151,1436,1618,1702]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FF761F3FFEA97D04" bold="true" box="[151,283,1618,1640]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 26</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A931FFB1FECB1F3FFE667D0B" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[298,468,1618,1640]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crewsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FECB1F3FFE667D0B" box="[298,468,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ascandra crewsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FE3C1F3EFD9D7D0B" bold="true" box="[477,559,1619,1640]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA931FFB1FE3C1F3EFD9D7D0B" box="[477,559,1619,1640]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype ZMA Por. 17556 from Papua New Guinea, a, habitus
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FB351F3EFAA77D0B" box="[1236,1301,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">in situ</emphasis>
(photo L. E. Becking), b, preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), c, oblique tangential view of skeleton of atrial surface showing the protruding apical actines of the tetractine spicules (scale bar = 500 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A931FFB1FF261FA0FAE17CDD" blockId="36.[151,1437,1741,1982]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FF261FA0FE9F7D85" bold="true" box="[199,301,1741,1766]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Skeleton</emphasis>
. The wall of the central tube and the side branches is formed by a single layer of tetractines, with the long thin apical actines protruding far out into the tubar lumen (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A931FFB1FC801F9CFC737C69" box="[865,961,1777,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-244@36.[151,1436,301,1597]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ascandra crewsi sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 17556 from Papua New Guinea, a, habitus in situ (photo L. E. Becking), b, preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), c, oblique tangential view of skeleton of atrial surface showing the protruding apical actines of the tetractine spicules (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950957/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 26c</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FF261E78FE9B7C4D" bold="true" box="[199,297,1813,1838]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A931FFB1FEDF1E78FE097C4D" box="[318,443,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1513,1535]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-227@37.[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ascandra crewsi sp.nov.,holotype ZMA Por. 17556, SEM images of the spicules, a, large tetractine, b, rare triactine, c, small tetractine, d, apical actine of large tetractine, e, apical actine of small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950963/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 27ae</figureCitation>
) Predominantly tetractines, a few triactines. Large tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A931FFB1FE711E54FE4B7C31" box="[400,505,1849,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1513,1535]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-227@37.[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ascandra crewsi sp.nov.,holotype ZMA Por. 17556, SEM images of the spicules, a, large tetractine, b, rare triactine, c, small tetractine, d, apical actine of large tetractine, e, apical actine of small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950963/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 27a</figureCitation>
) equiangular equiactinal, with actines of the basal triradiate system 159
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FAC41E54FAD67C31" box="[1317,1380,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">206.4</emphasis>
246 x 15
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FF371E30FEB57C15" box="[214,263,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">18.8</emphasis>
21 µm, apical actines usually curved at the end (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A931FFB1FCD31E30FC217C15" box="[818,915,1885,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1513,1535]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-227@37.[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ascandra crewsi sp.nov.,holotype ZMA Por. 17556, SEM images of the spicules, a, large tetractine, b, rare triactine, c, small tetractine, d, apical actine of large tetractine, e, apical actine of small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950963/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 27d</figureCitation>
), 181
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FC3E1E30FBAC7C15" box="[991,1054,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">226.3</emphasis>
279 x 13
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FB7D1E30FB7F7C15" box="[1180,1229,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">15.3</emphasis>
17 µm. Small tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A931FFB1FE771EECFE4F7CF9" box="[406,509,1921,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1513,1535]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-227@37.[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ascandra crewsi sp.nov.,holotype ZMA Por. 17556, SEM images of the spicules, a, large tetractine, b, rare triactine, c, small tetractine, d, apical actine of large tetractine, e, apical actine of small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950963/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 27c</figureCitation>
), likewise equiangular equiactinal, with actines of the basal triadiate system 54
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FF761EC8FF7A7CDD" box="[151,200,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">90.2</emphasis>
117 x 7
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FED61EC8FEE87CDD" box="[311,346,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">7.3</emphasis>
8 µm, apical actines straight and needle-sharp (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A931FFB1FC991EC8FC6A7CDD" box="[888,984,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1513,1535]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-227@37.[151,1436,193,1492]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ascandra crewsi sp.nov.,holotype ZMA Por. 17556, SEM images of the spicules, a, large tetractine, b, rare triactine, c, small tetractine, d, apical actine of large tetractine, e, apical actine of small tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950963/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 27e</figureCitation>
), 62
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FBF71EC8FBF57CDD" box="[1046,1095,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">95.8</emphasis>
114 x 2.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A931FFB1FB2A1EC8FB5C7CDD" box="[1227,1262,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">3.1</emphasis>
3.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA930FFB0FF761C84FBDD7D7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950963/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,250,1513,1535]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1492]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A930FFB0FF761C84FBDD7D7D" blockId="37.[151,1435,1513,1566]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FF761C84FEAE7E9D" bold="true" box="[151,284,1513,1535]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 27</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A930FFB0FECD1C84FE6A7E9C" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[300,472,1513,1535]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crewsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FECD1C84FE6A7E9C" box="[300,472,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ascandra crewsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FE031C84FD9F7E9D" bold="true" box="[482,557,1513,1534]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA930FFB0FE031C84FD9F7E9D" box="[482,557,1513,1534]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,holotype ZMA Por. 17556, SEM images of the spicules, a, large tetractine, b, rare triactine, c, small tetractine, d, apical actine of large tetractine, e, apical actine of small tetractine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A930FFB0FF261F28FEE57DE1" blockId="37.[151,1436,1605,2026]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Small triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A930FFB0FE661F28FE587D3D" box="[391,490,1605,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetId="figure-381@40.[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 29. Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883), a, histological cross section of tube wall of RMNH Por. 1772 showing from left to right cortical skeleton of giant tri- and tetractines, equiangular triactines of the choanocyte chamber region, and abruptly angled tri- and tetractines of the atrial skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm), bd, cross sections of holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.23a, b, detail of atrial skeleton and subatrial chamber region (scale bar = 200 µm), c, cross section of chamber region and cortex (scale bar = 500 µm), d, overview of cross section of tube wall (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950967/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 29b</figureCitation>
), equiangular equiactinal, relatively robust, only a few were observed, actines 140 150 x 1012 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA930FFB0FF261FE0FD857DC5" box="[199,567,1677,1702]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A930FFB0FF261FE0FD857DC5" blockId="37.[151,1436,1605,2026]" box="[199,567,1677,1702]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FF261FE0FE967DC5" bold="true" box="[199,292,1677,1702]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ecology</emphasis>
. Deeper part of the reef.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA930FFB0FF261FDCFCE97DA9" box="[199,859,1713,1738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A930FFB0FF261FDCFCE97DA9" blockId="37.[151,1436,1605,2026]" box="[199,859,1713,1738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FF261FDCFEEB7DA9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1713,1738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution</emphasis>
. So far known only from
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A930FFB0FD9A1FDFFCE57DA9" box="[635,855,1713,1738]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA930FFB0FF261FB8FD797C55" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A930FFB0FF261FB8FD797C55" blockId="37.[151,1436,1605,2026]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FF261FB8FEF47D8D" bold="true" box="[199,326,1749,1774]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named after Dr. Phil Crews of the University of
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A930FFB0FC9D1FB8FC5F7D8D" box="[892,1005,1749,1774]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">California</collectingRegion>
at Santa Cruz, who leads the research group that was responsible for collecting the present specimens, and to acknowledge his great contributions to sponge natural products detection and elucidation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA930FFB3FF261E2CFDA07979" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A930FFB3FF261E2CFCC37A23" blockId="37.[151,1436,1605,2026]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FF261E2CFE867C39" bold="true" box="[199,308,1857,1882]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
. The specimens from
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A930FFB0FDD21E2FFCBC7C39" box="[563,782,1857,1882]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
are considered to be a distinct species despite the overall similarity to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A930FFB0FECB1E08FE4C7C1D" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[298,510,1893,1918]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakaban" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FECB1E08FE4C7C1D" box="[298,510,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ascandra kakaban</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FDE61E08FDEB7C1D" bold="true" box="[519,601,1893,1918]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA930FFB0FDE61E08FDEB7C1D" box="[519,601,1893,1918]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
described above. The present material has a larger cormus and there are distinct differences in the spicules: triactines are virtually missing (only a few could be found and these were only small ones), while the tetractines were more definitely in two size classes with the large tetractines having much longer apical actines than those of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A930FFB0FDCB1EBCFD197C89" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[554,683,2001,2026]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakaban" status="sp.nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FDCB1EBCFD197C89" box="[554,683,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. kakaban</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A930FFB0FD551EBCFCB57C89" bold="true" box="[692,775,2001,2026]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA930FFB0FD551EBCFCB57C89" box="[692,775,2001,2026]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Like in the Kakaban species, the present specimens look deceptively like
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FEB319FAFE527BD3" authorityName="Minchin" authorityYear="1900" box="[338,480,151,176]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Clathrinidae</taxonomicName>
, but the central tube and reticulated side branches, the dominance of tetractines with their long apical actines protruding far into the atrial lumen, and the paucity of triactines, are indicative of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FF7619B2FEB07B9B" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,258,223,248]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF7619B2FEB07B9B" box="[151,258,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ascandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is also a resemblance with regional species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FC3519B2FE807A7E" authority="Borojevic, Boury-Esnault &amp; Vacelet, 1990" authorityName="Borojevic, Boury-Esnault &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="1990" class="Calcarea" family="Dendyidae" genus="Soleneiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FC3519B2FBE57B9B" box="[980,1111,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Soleneiscus</emphasis>
Borojevic, Boury-Esnault &amp; Vacelet, 1990
</taxonomicName>
like
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FE8E1869FC9D7A7E" authority="Worheide &amp; Hooper, 1999" authorityName="Worheide &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="1999" box="[367,815,260,285]" class="Calcarea" family="Dendyidae" genus="Soleneiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radovani">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FE8E1869FE417A7E" box="[367,499,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">S. radovani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FE1D1869FC9D7A7E" author="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[508,815,260,285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="859 - 891" refId="ref57408" refString="Worheide, G. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (1999) Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43 (2), 859-891." type="journal article" year="1999">Wörheide &amp; Hooper, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FC8A1869FB177A7E" authority="(Dendy, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[875,1189,260,285]" class="Calcarea" family="Dendyidae" genus="Soleneiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stolonifer">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FC8A1869FC477A7E" box="[875,1013,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">S. stolonifer</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FBE71869FB2E7A7E" author="Dendy, A." box="[1030,1180,260,285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref54220" refString="Dendy, A. (1891) A monograph of the Victorian sponges, I. The organisation and classification of the Calcarea Homocoela, with descriptions of the Victorian Species. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria, 3, 1-81." type="journal article" year="1891">Dendy, 1891</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, from which the new species differs in the lack of diactines and the reticulated habitus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF141821FABF7A06" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,429]" box="[245,1293,332,357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
As discussed above,
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FE3F1821FCC17A06" authority="Haeckel (1872)" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[478,883,332,357]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sertularia">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FE3F1821FD0D7A06" box="[478,703,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ascandra sertularia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FD241821FCC17A06" author="Haeckel, E." box="[709,883,332,357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel (1872)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct by having large diactines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF141802FA8D7ACE" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
The present material was preliminarily identified as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FCB31802FBA37AE4" box="[850,1041,367,392]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FCB31802FC557AEB" box="[850,999,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
by one of us (RVS), under which name the presence of novel secondary metabolites - leucosolenamides - were reported (
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FB8818F9FA817ACE" author="Ralifo, P. &amp; Tenney, K. &amp; Valeriote, F. A. &amp; Crews, P." box="[1129,1331,404,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref56117" refString="Ralifo, P., Tenney, K., Valeriote, F. A. &amp; Crews, P. (2007) A distinctive structural twist in the aminoimidazole alkaloids from a calcareous marine sponge: isolation and characterization of leucolenamines A and B. Journal of Natural Products, 70 (1), 33-38." type="journal article" year="2007">
Ralifo
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FB5618F8FB427ACE" box="[1207,1264,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A933FFB3FF761B6DFDA07979" blockId="38.[151,530,511,538]" box="[151,530,511,538]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF761B6DFDA07979" bold="true" box="[151,530,511,538]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A933FFB3FF0F1892FDA07979" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[238,530,511,538]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A933FFB3FF0F1892FEEF797A" bold="true" box="[238,349,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leucaltis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A933FFB3FE851B6DFDA07979" author="Haeckel, E." box="[356,530,512,538]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF7619FAFE657BD1" box="[151,471,151,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF7619FAFE657BD1" blockId="35.[151,471,151,211]" box="[151,471,151,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="F65B81D8A936FFB6FF7619FAFE657BD1" bold="true" box="[151,471,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="4">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF7619FAFE657BD1" bold="true" box="[151,471,151,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FF7619FAFEC87BD2" ID-CoL="5W3WL" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,378,151,177]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakaban" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF7619FAFEC87BD2" bold="true" box="[151,378,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ascandra kakaban</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA936FFB6FE6019F5FE657BD1" box="[385,471,152,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF7619D7FE377BB0" box="[151,389,186,211]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF7619D7FE377BB0" blockId="35.[151,471,151,211]" box="[151,389,186,211]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FF7619D7FE857BB0" box="[151,311,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-96@33.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., a, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo N.J. de Voogd), paratype RMNH Por. 4625, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo L.E. Becking), c, specimen not collected, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo Lori Colin), d, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, reserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), e, largest preserved fragment of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950951/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figures 24ae</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FEA219D7FE377BB0" box="[323,389,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-94@34.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., ab, paratype RMNH Por. 4625, a, light microscopy overview of skeleton of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), b, detail of atrial surface showing apical actines of the tetractines (arrows) protruding in the atriual lumen (scale bar = 100 µm), c-e, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, SEM images of the spicules, c, triactines, d, tetractines, e, detail of apical actine of larger tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950955/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">25ae</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF76186FFB477AE4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF76186FFAE57A5C" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF76186FFE317A78" bold="true" box="[151,387,258,283]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A936FFB6FE7B186FFAE57A5C" collectingDate="2003-10-12" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="N. J. de Voogd" country="Indonesia" elevation="5" latitude="2.1409" location="Kakaban island" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="118.5112" municipality="Berau Islands" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FE7B186FFDB07A78" box="[410,514,258,283]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A936FFB6FDF2186EFDD57A79" box="[531,615,259,282]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 1696,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A936FFB6FCE4186FFCC77A78" box="[773,885,258,283]" name="Indonesia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A936FFB6FC68186FFBBD7A78" box="[905,1039,258,283]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Utara" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA936FFB6FBC2186EFB7B7A78" box="[1059,1225,258,283]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Berau Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A873606FA936FFB6FB3F186FFA2A7A78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A936FFB6FF7619FAFAE27D2C:A873606FA936FFB6FB3F186FFA2A7A78" box="[1246,1432,258,283]" country="Indonesia" latitude="2.1409" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="118.5112" municipality="Berau Islands" name="Kakaban island" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara">Kakaban island</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A936FFB6FF76184BFEB67A5C" box="[151,260,294,319]" degrees="2.1409" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="5" value="2.1409">2.1409°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A936FFB6FEEB184BFE227A5C" box="[266,400,294,319]" degrees="118.5112" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="5" value="118.5112">118.5112°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A936FFB6FE00184BFD917A5D" box="[481,547,294,319]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="0.5">
<elevation id="2681D187A936FFB6FE00184BFD917A5D" box="[481,547,294,319]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, snorkeling, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A936FFB6FD0A184AFC3E7A5C" box="[747,908,294,319]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">N.J. de Voogd</collectorName>
, #BER08/121003/123,
<date id="D9121074A936FFB6FB72184BFAE17A5C" box="[1171,1363,294,319]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2003-10-12">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA936FFB6FB72184BFAE17A5C" box="[1171,1363,294,319]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2003-10-12">12 October 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261826FB477AE4" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A936FFB6FF261826FC757AE4" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="L. E. Becking" country="Indonesia" elevation="1" latitude="2.4133" location="Kakaban" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="118.5078" municipality="Berau Region" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCode="RMNH 4625" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Timur" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FF261826FE9B7A00" box="[199,297,331,355]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA936FFB6FED11826FE747A00" box="[304,454,330,355]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">RMNH 4625</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A936FFB6FE321827FDF17A00" box="[467,579,330,355]" name="Indonesia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A936FFB6FDAF1826FCC57A00" box="[590,887,330,355]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Timur" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">East Kalimantan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA936FFB6FC621826FB937A00" box="[899,1057,330,355]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Berau Region</collectingMunicipality>
, kakaban island,
<location id="A873606FA936FFB6FB021827FAF57A00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A936FFB6FF7619FAFAE27D2C:A873606FA936FFB6FB021827FAF57A00" box="[1251,1351,330,355]" country="Indonesia" latitude="2.4133" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="118.5078" municipality="Berau Region" name="Kakaban" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Kalimantan Timur">Kakaban</location>
marine lake,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A936FFB6FF351803FEF27AE4" box="[212,320,366,391]" degrees="2.4133" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="5" value="2.4133">2.4133°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A936FFB6FEA61803FE7C7AE4" box="[327,462,366,391]" degrees="118.5078" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="5" value="118.5078">118.5078°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A936FFB6FDFF1803FDD57AE5" box="[542,615,366,391]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A936FFB6FDFF1803FDD57AE5" box="[542,615,366,391]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">02 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, snorkeling, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A936FFB6FCD11802FC757AE4" box="[816,967,366,391]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L.E. Becking</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, #
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A936FFB6FC001803FB437AE4" box="[993,1265,366,391]" collectingDate="2008-08-31" collectionCode="LE" country="Indonesia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCode="LE043" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Timur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA936FFB6FC001803FB9D7AE4" box="[993,1071,366,391]" collectionCode="LE" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">LE043</specimenCode>
,
<date id="D9121074A936FFB6FBDB1803FB437AE4" box="[1082,1265,366,391]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2008-08-31">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA936FFB6FBDB1803FB437AE4" box="[1082,1265,366,391]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2008-08-31">31 August 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF2618FFFF76781C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF2618FFFEF9793C" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF2618FFFEE37AC8" bold="true" box="[199,337,402,427]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
. The cormus (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FE1418FFFDC17AC8" box="[501,627,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-96@33.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., a, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo N.J. de Voogd), paratype RMNH Por. 4625, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo L.E. Becking), c, specimen not collected, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo Lori Colin), d, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, reserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), e, largest preserved fragment of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950951/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 24ac</figureCitation>
) consists of a single (
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FC8618FFFC7F7AC8" box="[871,973,402,427]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FC3818FFFB8A7AC8" box="[985,1080,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-96@33.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., a, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo N.J. de Voogd), paratype RMNH Por. 4625, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo L.E. Becking), c, specimen not collected, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo Lori Colin), d, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, reserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), e, largest preserved fragment of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950951/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 24a</figureCitation>
) or several (
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FB2518FFFA9B7AC8" box="[1220,1321,402,427]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FAD418FFFA267AC8" box="[1333,1428,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-96@33.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., a, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo N.J. de Voogd), paratype RMNH Por. 4625, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo L.E. Becking), c, specimen not collected, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo Lori Colin), d, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, reserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), e, largest preserved fragment of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950951/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 24b</figureCitation>
) wide semi-transparent tubes, which are probably water collecting tubes, issuing from a network of relatively few thinner tubes. In some, possibly ageing, individuals, like the
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FCB018B7FC047A90" box="[849,950,474,499]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, these tubes at their base proliferate into a cluster of intertwined blind tubules, more brightly white colored, but in other individuals (
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FB501893FAA77974" box="[1201,1301,510,535]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) this is less developed. Size of the cormus in preserved condition (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FCE01B4FFCCD7958" box="[769,895,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-96@33.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., a, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo N.J. de Voogd), paratype RMNH Por. 4625, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo L.E. Becking), c, specimen not collected, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo Lori Colin), d, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, reserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), e, largest preserved fragment of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950951/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 24de</figureCitation>
) up to 7.5 x 7 x
<quantity id="6A549B51A936FFB6FBD61B4FFBC37959" box="[1079,1137,546,571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
, largest fragment 4 x 3.5 x
<quantity id="6A549B51A936FFB6FF761B2BFF7C793D" box="[151,206,582,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FF3C1B2BFE8C793C" box="[221,318,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-96@33.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., a, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo N.J. de Voogd), paratype RMNH Por. 4625, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo L.E. Becking), c, specimen not collected, in situ photo from Kakaban Island (photo Lori Colin), d, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, reserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), e, largest preserved fragment of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950951/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 24e</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261B07FB8E79C4" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF261B07FE9F79E0" bold="true" box="[199,301,618,643]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Skeleton</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FEA21B07FE7379E0" box="[323,449,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-94@34.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., ab, paratype RMNH Por. 4625, a, light microscopy overview of skeleton of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), b, detail of atrial surface showing apical actines of the tetractines (arrows) protruding in the atriual lumen (scale bar = 100 µm), c-e, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, SEM images of the spicules, c, triactines, d, tetractines, e, detail of apical actine of larger tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950955/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 25ab</figureCitation>
) The wall of the tubes is built of a thin layer of triactines and tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FB161B07FAE479E0" box="[1271,1366,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-94@34.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., ab, paratype RMNH Por. 4625, a, light microscopy overview of skeleton of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), b, detail of atrial surface showing apical actines of the tetractines (arrows) protruding in the atriual lumen (scale bar = 100 µm), c-e, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, SEM images of the spicules, c, triactines, d, tetractines, e, detail of apical actine of larger tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950955/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 25a</figureCitation>
), with the apical actines of the tetractines directed into the tubar lumen (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FC921BE3FC6679C4" box="[883,980,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-94@34.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., ab, paratype RMNH Por. 4625, a, light microscopy overview of skeleton of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), b, detail of atrial surface showing apical actines of the tetractines (arrows) protruding in the atriual lumen (scale bar = 100 µm), c-e, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, SEM images of the spicules, c, triactines, d, tetractines, e, detail of apical actine of larger tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950955/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 25b</figureCitation>
, arrows).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261BDFFD7079A8" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" box="[199,706,690,715]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF261BDFFE9B79A8" bold="true" box="[199,297,690,715]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FEDF1BDFFE0979A8" box="[318,443,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-94@34.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., ab, paratype RMNH Por. 4625, a, light microscopy overview of skeleton of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), b, detail of atrial surface showing apical actines of the tetractines (arrows) protruding in the atriual lumen (scale bar = 100 µm), c-e, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, SEM images of the spicules, c, triactines, d, tetractines, e, detail of apical actine of larger tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950955/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 25ce</figureCitation>
) Triactines, tetractines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261BBBFACE7870" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FEA41BBBFE18798C" box="[325,426,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-94@34.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., ab, paratype RMNH Por. 4625, a, light microscopy overview of skeleton of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), b, detail of atrial surface showing apical actines of the tetractines (arrows) protruding in the atriual lumen (scale bar = 100 µm), c-e, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, SEM images of the spicules, c, triactines, d, tetractines, e, detail of apical actine of larger tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950955/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 25c</figureCitation>
), equiangular equiactinal, in a large size range, possibly divisible in two overlapping size classes, actines thinly conical, tapering to sharp apices, overall length of actines, 57
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FBAA1B97FB387870" box="[1099,1162,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">154.0</emphasis>
220 x 4
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FB1B1B97FAAF7870" box="[1274,1309,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">9.4</emphasis>
12 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261A73FF76781C" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FEB01A73FE057854" box="[337,439,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-94@34.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., ab, paratype RMNH Por. 4625, a, light microscopy overview of skeleton of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), b, detail of atrial surface showing apical actines of the tetractines (arrows) protruding in the atriual lumen (scale bar = 100 µm), c-e, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, SEM images of the spicules, c, triactines, d, tetractines, e, detail of apical actine of larger tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950955/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 25d</figureCitation>
), similar in shape to triactines but distinctly larger, actines of the basal triradiate system, 74
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF201A2FFEB27838" box="[193,256,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">197.4</emphasis>
267 x 8.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FE6A1A2FFE0E7838" box="[395,444,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">12.4</emphasis>
16 µm, apical actines curved, often wobbly (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A936FFB6FC351A2FFB857838" box="[980,1079,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-94@34.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ascandra kakaban sp. nov., ab, paratype RMNH Por. 4625, a, light microscopy overview of skeleton of tube (scale bar = 200 µm), b, detail of atrial surface showing apical actines of the tetractines (arrows) protruding in the atriual lumen (scale bar = 100 µm), c-e, holotype RMNH Por. 1696, SEM images of the spicules, c, triactines, d, tetractines, e, detail of apical actine of larger tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950955/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 25e</figureCitation>
), 35
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FB981A2FFB047838" box="[1145,1206,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">110.3</emphasis>
237 x 4.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FAA01A2FFAC07838" box="[1345,1394,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">10.3</emphasis>
16 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF261AE7FB3178C1" box="[199,1155,906,931]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261AE7FB3178C1" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" box="[199,1155,906,931]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF261AE7FE9678C0" bold="true" box="[199,292,906,931]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ecology</emphasis>
. So far known only from a marine lake, at shallow depth on mangrove roots.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF261AC3FD5478A4" box="[199,742,942,967]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261AC3FD5478A4" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" box="[199,742,942,967]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF261AC3FEEB78A4" bold="true" box="[199,345,942,967]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution</emphasis>
. So far known only from Kakaban.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF261ABFFA2F7888" box="[199,1437,978,1003]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261ABFFA2F7888" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" box="[199,1437,978,1003]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF261ABFFEF47888" bold="true" box="[199,326,978,1003]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named after the
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FDEF1ABEFD8C7888" box="[526,574,979,1003]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
locality, the island of Kakaban, one of the famous marine lakes of
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A936FFB6FAC91ABFFA2B7888" box="[1320,1433,978,1003]" name="Indonesia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA936FFB6FF261A9BFAE27D2C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261A9BFEB77E30" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF261A9BFE867F6C" bold="true" box="[199,308,1014,1039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
. The new species is assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FCFC1A9BFC3A7F6C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[797,904,1014,1039]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FCFC1A9BFC3A7F6C" box="[797,904,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ascandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on account of the combination of independent central tubes with proliferated blind side tubes, and tetractines lining and echinating the inner tube surfaces with their long curved apical actines. We were unable to demonstrate the presence of a folded choanoderm, but assume the prominent apical actines protruding far into the tube lumen to be sufficient circumstantial evidence for membership of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FEAF1DEBFE0B7FFC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[334,441,1158,1183]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FEAF1DEBFE0B7FFC" box="[334,441,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ascandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.We were able to compare the present species with a specimen of the
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FB111DEAFA927FFC" box="[1264,1312,1159,1183]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
species
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FA671DEBFEBB7FA0" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FF761DC7FEB77FA0" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,261,1194,1219]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Ascandra</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FEF01DC6FD9A7FA0" authority="Haeckel, 1870" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[273,552,1194,1219]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FEF01DC6FECD7FA0" box="[273,383,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A. falcata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A936FFB6FE671DC7FD9A7FA0" author="Haeckel, E." box="[390,552,1194,1219]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="176 - 191" refId="ref54931" refString="Haeckel, E. (1870) Prodromus eines Systems der Kalkschwamme. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Medicin und Naturwissenschaft, 5, 236 - 254 (also appeared in English as: Haeckel, E. 1870. Prodromus of a system of the Calcareous sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (4) 5, 176-191)." type="journal article" year="1870">Haeckel, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from NE Spain (ZMA Por. 14591). Shape, color and spiculation are different:
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FF761DA2FEB47F84" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,262,1230,1255]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF761DA2FEB47F84" box="[151,262,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms more definitely a group of (yellow) tubes and possesses strongly curved diactines in addition to the triactines and tetractines. It is similar to the present new species in being semitransparent and having the tri- and tetractines approximately similar in size - although more robust - and likewise it has the tetractines larger than the triactines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261C33FD2B7E80" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
The Indonesian species originally described by
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A936FFB6FCF61C33FC7C7E14" author="Haeckel, E." box="[791,974,1374,1399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel (1872)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FBE61C33FB407E14" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[1031,1266,1374,1399]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sertularia">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FBE61C33FB407E14" box="[1031,1266,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ascandra sertularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subsequently reassigned to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FED71CEFFE797EF8" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1864" box="[310,459,1410,1435]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FED71CEFFE797EF8" box="[310,459,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A936FFB6FE1B1CEFFD4A7EF8" author="Dendy, A. &amp; Row, R. W. H." box="[506,760,1410,1435]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="704 - 813" refId="ref54571" refString="Dendy, A. &amp; Row, R. W. H. (1913) The Classification and Phylogeny of the Calcareous Sponges, with a Reference List of all the described Species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1913 (3), 704-813." type="journal article" year="1913">Dendy &amp; Row (1913)</bibRefCitation>
, on paper appears somewhat similar in habitus to our new species. However, Haeckel clearly describes large, peculiarly ornamented diactines arranged perpendicular to the surface, which are not present in our material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A936FFB6FF261C83FAE27D2C" blockId="35.[151,1437,258,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
The habitus of our new species is quite striking and distinct, but there is a strong resemblance to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FAD01C83FF527D49" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crewsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FAD01C83FF527D49" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ascandra crewsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FF061F7FFE897D48" bold="true" box="[231,315,1554,1579]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA936FFB6FF061F7FFE897D48" box="[231,315,1554,1579]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
described below. The difference between the two is found mostly in the rarity or virtual absence of triactines in
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A936FFB6FEC01F5AFE3B7D2D" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[289,393,1591,1614]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crewsi" status="sp.nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FEC01F5AFE3B7D2D" box="[289,393,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A. crewsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A936FFB6FE711F5BFE567D2C" bold="true" box="[400,484,1590,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA936FFB6FE711F5BFE567D2C" box="[400,484,1590,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, whereas the two spicule
<typeStatus id="72178816A936FFB6FCE71F5AFCF37D2C" box="[774,833,1591,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">types</typeStatus>
are in equal proportions in the present species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93EFFBEFF761F10FE087DF4" blockId="43.[151,442,1661,1720]" box="[151,442,1661,1687]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="F65B81D8A93EFFBEFF761F10FE087DF4" bold="true" box="[151,442,1661,1687]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="4">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93EFFBEFF761F10FE087DF4" bold="true" box="[151,442,1661,1687]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93EFFBEFF761F10FEEF7DF4" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,349,1661,1687]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angusta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93EFFBEFF761F10FEEF7DF4" bold="true" box="[151,349,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ascaltis angusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA93EFFBEFE851F10FE087DF4" box="[356,442,1661,1687]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA93EFFBEFF761FF2FE3B7DDB" box="[151,393,1695,1720]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93EFFBEFF761FF2FE3B7DDB" blockId="43.[151,442,1661,1720]" box="[151,393,1695,1720]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A93EFFBEFF761FF2FE8B7DDB" box="[151,313,1695,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1107,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-388@44.[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., a, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 09097 (arrow indicates slit-like pseudoatrium) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved paratypes ZMA Por. 08221 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton of one of the paratypes (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950975/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figures 32ad</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A93EFFBEFEA51FF2FE3B7DDB" box="[324,393,1695,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-121@45.[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09097, SEM images of spicules a, regular equiangular equiactinal triactine, b, regular equiangular equiactinal tetractines, c, sagittal triactines, d, sagittal tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950978/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">33ad</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93EFFBEFF761F8AFEEE7C2B" blockId="43.[151,1437,1767,1973]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93EFFBEFF761F8AFECF7C63" bold="true" box="[151,381,1767,1792]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined</emphasis>
.
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Por. 09097,
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, SE
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,
<collectorName id="00595362A93EFFBEFC1A1F8AFB3D7D9C" box="[1019,1167,1767,1792]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Salayar, NW</collectorName>
coast of
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, depth
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,
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, coll.
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A93EFFBEFD521E61FD7A7C40" box="[691,712,1804,1827]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="00595362A93EFFBEFD2A1E61FC357C46" box="[715,903,1804,1829]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A93EFFBEFC771E61FAD67C46" box="[918,1380,1804,1829]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 152/II/
<collectorName id="00595362A93EFFBEFF021E42FEAF7C2B" box="[227,285,1839,1864]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Cave</collectorName>
1/06.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93EFFBEFF261E39FCA97CD6" blockId="43.[151,1437,1767,1973]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A93EFFBEFF261E39FC8C7CEC" collectionCode="ZMA" country="Indonesia" county="Por." elevation="8" latitude="-5.9333" location="Karang Kaledupa" longLatPrecision="5525" longitude="123.8" municipality="Tukang Besi Islands" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A93EFFBEFF261E39FE867C0F" box="[199,308,1876,1900]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A93EFFBEFEDC1E39FEC97C0E" box="[317,379,1876,1901]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZMA</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty id="44724E38A93EFFBEFE641E39FE007C08" box="[389,434,1876,1899]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Por.</collectingCounty>
08221a (ten individual cormi),
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A93EFFBEFCC51E39FC267C0E" box="[804,916,1876,1901]" name="Indonesia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A93EFFBEFC2D1E39FB867C0E" box="[972,1076,1876,1901]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA93EFFBEFBA31E39FA9C7C0E" box="[1090,1326,1876,1901]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Tukang Besi Islands</collectingMunicipality>
, southern reef of
<location id="A873606FA93EFFBEFF0D1E15FE077CF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A93EFFBBFF761F10FDAE7C70:A873606FA93EFFBEFF0D1E15FE077CF3" box="[236,437,1911,1936]" country="Indonesia" county="Por." latitude="-5.9333" longLatPrecision="5525" longitude="123.8" municipality="Tukang Besi Islands" name="Karang Kaledupa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Karang Kaledupa</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A93EFFBEFE221E1AFD997CF3" box="[451,555,1911,1936]" degrees="5.9333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="5" value="-5.9333">5.9333°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A93EFFBEFDD51E1AFD207CF3" box="[564,658,1911,1936]" degrees="123.8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="5555" value="123.8">123.8°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A93EFFBEFD071E1AFC8C7CEC" box="[742,830,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A93EFFBEFD071E1AFC8C7CEC" box="[742,830,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">411 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A93EFFBEFCAD1E1AFC1E7CF3" box="[844,940,1911,1936]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A93EFFBEFC151E15FE437CD6" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. M. van Soest" country="Indonesia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A93EFFBEFC151E15FBBB7CEC" box="[1012,1033,1912,1935]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="00595362A93EFFBEFBED1E15FB757CF3" box="[1036,1223,1911,1936]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
, Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition stat. 016
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A93EFFBEFE1B1EF1FCAA7CD6" box="[506,792,1948,1973]" collectingDate="1984-09-08" collectionCode="III" country="Indonesia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="III/10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="FD0A9ECFA93EFFBEFE1B1EF1FD8E7CD6" box="[506,572,1948,1973]" collectionCode="III" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">III/10</specimenCode>
,
<date id="D9121074A93EFFBEFDA91EF1FCAA7CD6" box="[584,792,1948,1973]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1984-09-08">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA93EFFBEFDA91EF1FCAA7CD6" box="[584,792,1948,1973]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1984-09-08">8 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F9D3663CA939FFB9FF761D3EFC9C7FC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950975/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,250,1107,1129]" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1085]" targetPageId="44" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB9FF761D3EFC9C7FC5" blockId="44.[151,1436,1107,1190]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FF761D3EFEAB7F0B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1107,1129]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 32</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A939FFB9FEC71D3EFE7F7F0A" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[294,461,1107,1129]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angusta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FEC71D3EFE7F7F0A" box="[294,461,1107,1129]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ascaltis angusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FE351D3EFD947F0B" bold="true" box="[468,550,1107,1128]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA939FFB9FE351D3EFD947F0B" box="[468,550,1107,1128]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, a, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 09097 (arrow indicates slit-like pseudoatrium) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved paratypes ZMA Por. 08221 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton of one of the paratypes (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA939FFB9FF261DA0FEF27DDE" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB9FF261DA0FA967E36" blockId="44.[151,1437,1229,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FF261DA0FEE37F85" bold="true" box="[199,337,1229,1254]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FE891DA0FE557F85" box="[360,487,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1107,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-388@44.[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., a, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 09097 (arrow indicates slit-like pseudoatrium) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved paratypes ZMA Por. 08221 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton of one of the paratypes (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950975/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 32ab</figureCitation>
) Tight masses of thin tubes, surrounding a thin slit-like pseudoatrium (arrow in
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FA911DA0FF767E6E" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1107,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-388@44.[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., a, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 09097 (arrow indicates slit-like pseudoatrium) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved paratypes ZMA Por. 08221 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton of one of the paratypes (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950975/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 32a</figureCitation>
). Individual specimens often occurring in small patches of a few cm
<superScript id="5AD99BFCA939FFB9FC031D9CFC587F9C" attach="left" box="[994,1002,1265,1279]" fontSize="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">2</superScript>
, connected by single tubes to form a cormus-network. Size variable, the
<typeStatus id="72178816A939FFB9FDC71C75FD3A7E52" box="[550,648,1304,1329]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FD761C75FD477E52" box="[663,757,1304,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1107,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-388@44.[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., a, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 09097 (arrow indicates slit-like pseudoatrium) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved paratypes ZMA Por. 08221 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton of one of the paratypes (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950975/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 32a</figureCitation>
) is
<quantity id="6A549B51A939FFB9FCFF1C75FCE77E53" box="[798,853,1304,1329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
long and maximally
<quantity id="6A549B51A939FFB9FBA51C75FB227E53" box="[1092,1168,1304,1329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
wide. Live color white, but in alcohol this turns into yellow or beige. Oscules few, at the apices of single water-collecting tubes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB9FF261C0DFD197EA2" blockId="44.[151,1437,1229,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FF261C0DFE867E1A" bold="true" box="[199,308,1376,1401]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FEA51C0DFE767E1A" box="[324,452,1376,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1107,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-388@44.[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., a, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 09097 (arrow indicates slit-like pseudoatrium) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved paratypes ZMA Por. 08221 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton of one of the paratypes (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950975/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 32cd</figureCitation>
) Tube system on the outside covered with a thin, often damaged membrane consisting of a single spicule layer (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FE4F1CE9FDBD7EFE" box="[430,527,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1107,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-388@44.[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., a, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 09097 (arrow indicates slit-like pseudoatrium) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved paratypes ZMA Por. 08221 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton of one of the paratypes (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950975/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 32c</figureCitation>
). Granular cells abound in the surface (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FC241CE9FB957EFE" box="[965,1063,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1107,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-388@44.[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., a, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 09097 (arrow indicates slit-like pseudoatrium) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved paratypes ZMA Por. 08221 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton of one of the paratypes (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950975/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 32d</figureCitation>
). Underneath, the tubes have thin walls of usual two layers of spicules (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FDDD1CC5FD2C7EA2" box="[572,670,1448,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1107,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-388@44.[151,1435,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., a, preserved holotype ZMA Por. 09097 (arrow indicates slit-like pseudoatrium) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved paratypes ZMA Por. 08221 (scale bar = 1 cm), c, overview of skeleton of one of the paratypes (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of surface skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950975/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 32d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB9FF261CA1FE3D7D6A" blockId="44.[151,1437,1229,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FF261CA1FE9B7E86" bold="true" box="[199,297,1484,1509]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FEDE1CA1FE0C7E86" box="[319,446,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-121@45.[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09097, SEM images of spicules a, regular equiangular equiactinal triactine, b, regular equiangular equiactinal tetractines, c, sagittal triactines, d, sagittal tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950978/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 33ad</figureCitation>
) Small triactines and tetractines of variable but similar shape, partially slightly or more distinctly parasagittal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB9FF261F79FC387D32" blockId="44.[151,1437,1229,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Triactines, equiactinal, (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FE371F79FD877D4E" box="[470,565,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-121@45.[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09097, SEM images of spicules a, regular equiangular equiactinal triactine, b, regular equiangular equiactinal tetractines, c, sagittal triactines, d, sagittal tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950978/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 33a</figureCitation>
) length of actines 72
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FCD01F79FCC27D4E" box="[817,880,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">101.8</emphasis>
196 x 6
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FC001F79FBB67D4E" box="[993,1028,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">9.1</emphasis>
13 µm; parasagittal triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FA8B1F79FF737D32" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-121@45.[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09097, SEM images of spicules a, regular equiangular equiactinal triactine, b, regular equiangular equiactinal tetractines, c, sagittal triactines, d, sagittal tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950978/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 33c</figureCitation>
) with unpaired actines 180198 µm, and shorter paired actines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB9FF261F31FEF27DDE" blockId="44.[151,1437,1229,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Tetractines, equiactinal (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FE3A1F31FD8E7D16" box="[475,572,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-121@45.[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09097, SEM images of spicules a, regular equiangular equiactinal triactine, b, regular equiangular equiactinal tetractines, c, sagittal triactines, d, sagittal tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950978/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 33b</figureCitation>
) with actines of basal radiate system 80
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FBF11F31FBFD7D16" box="[1040,1103,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">103.4</emphasis>
126 x 6
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FB201F31FB567D16" box="[1217,1252,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">8.6</emphasis>
11 µm, smooth apical actines 45105 x 46 µm; parasagittal tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A939FFB9FCD61FEDFC297DFA" box="[823,923,1664,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-121@45.[151,1436,339,1925]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ascaltis angusta sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09097, SEM images of spicules a, regular equiangular equiactinal triactine, b, regular equiangular equiactinal tetractines, c, sagittal triactines, d, sagittal tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950978/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 33d</figureCitation>
) with unpaired actines 120186 µm, paired actines shorter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA939FFB9FF261FA5FD737D83" box="[199,705,1736,1761]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB9FF261FA5FD737D83" blockId="44.[151,1437,1229,2013]" box="[199,705,1736,1761]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FF261FA5FE967D82" bold="true" box="[199,292,1736,1761]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ecology</emphasis>
. Shallow water reefs, often in caves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA939FFB9FF261F81FE6E7C66" box="[199,476,1772,1797]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB9FF261F81FE6E7C66" blockId="44.[151,1437,1229,2013]" box="[199,476,1772,1797]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FF261F81FEEB7C66" bold="true" box="[199,345,1772,1797]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A939FFB9FE861F81FE6A7C66" box="[359,472,1772,1797]" name="Indonesia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA939FFB9FF261E7DFE277C2E" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB9FF261E7DFE277C2E" blockId="44.[151,1437,1229,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FF261E7DFEF47C4A" bold="true" box="[199,326,1808,1833]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Etymology</emphasis>
. The word angustus (L.) means narrow, tight, referring to the tight anastomosis of the tubes of the cormus in this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA939FFBBFF261E35FDAE7C70" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A939FFB8FF261E35FBB37A78" blockId="44.[151,1437,1229,2013]" lastBlockId="45.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FF261E35FE867C12" bold="true" box="[199,308,1880,1905]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks</emphasis>
. Because the habitus of our new species with its pseudoatrium and its tight-meshed cormus matches the definition of the genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A939FFB9FE2B1E11FD917CF6" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[458,547,1916,1941]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FE2B1E11FD917CF6" box="[458,547,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ascaltis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we believe it is a likely member of that genus. The thin membrane enclosing the whole cormus is not always clearly visible and appears present only in places (preserved material). The new species shows considerable resemblance to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A939FFB9FD481EA9FB807CBE" authority="(Dendy, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[681,1074,1988,2013]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gardineri">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FD481EA9FCCB7CBE" box="[681,889,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ascaltis gardineri</emphasis>
(Dendy, 1913)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A939FFB9FB901EA9FAB47CBE" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1864" box="[1137,1286,1988,2013]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A939FFB9FB901EA9FAB47CBE" box="[1137,1286,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), previously considered a member of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A938FFB8FE2019FAFD9C7BD3" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[449,558,151,176]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A938FFB8FE2019FAFD9C7BD3" box="[449,558,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A938FFB8FD8D19FAFC177BD3" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C." box="[620,933,151,176]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref55529" refString="Klautau, M. &amp; Valentine, C. (2003). Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 139 (1), 1-62" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine 2003</bibRefCitation>
), but subsequently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A938FFB8FAFA19FAFAC67BD3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[1307,1396,151,176]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A938FFB8FAFA19FAFAC67BD3" box="[1307,1396,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ascaltis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A938FFB8FF7619D1FEC37BB6" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M." box="[151,369,188,213]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref55568" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, C. A. M. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict039" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A938FFB8FF1719D0FE947BB6" box="[246,294,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). However, there are distinct differences in the spicules. Klautau &amp; Valentine (2013: 26) in their redescription of the
<typeStatus id="72178816A938FFB8FE60198DFE037B9B" box="[385,433,224,248]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
material noticed the occurrence of two distinct size categories with differently shaped apical actines of the tetractines. No parasagittal spicules occur in
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A938FFB8FC931869FC487A7E" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[882,1018,260,285]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gardineri">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A938FFB8FC931869FC487A7E" box="[882,1018,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. gardineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA938FFB8FF761EF6FBD77CB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950978/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[151,250,1947,1969]" targetBox="[151,1436,339,1925]" targetPageId="45" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A938FFB8FF761EF6FBD77CB3" blockId="45.[151,1435,1947,2000]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A938FFB8FF761EF6FEAB7CD3" bold="true" box="[151,281,1947,1969]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 33</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A938FFB8FEC71EF6FE7F7CD2" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[294,461,1947,1969]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angusta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A938FFB8FEC71EF6FE7F7CD2" box="[294,461,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ascaltis angusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A938FFB8FE351EF6FD967CD3" bold="true" box="[468,548,1947,1968]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA938FFB8FE351EF6FD967CD3" box="[468,548,1947,1968]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype ZMA Por. 09097, SEM images of spicules a, regular equiangular equiactinal triactine, b, regular equiangular equiactinal tetractines, c, sagittal triactines, d, sagittal tetractine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F9D3663CA93BFFBBFF761F2CFE827DD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950980/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1601,1623]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1580]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93BFFBBFF761F2CFE827DD0" blockId="46.[151,1437,1601,1715]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93BFFBBFF761F2CFEAA7D35" bold="true" box="[151,280,1601,1623]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 34</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93BFFBBFEC41F2FFD707D34" authority="Cavalcanti et al. (2013)" authorityName="Cavalcanti" authorityYear="2013" box="[293,706,1601,1623]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93BFFBBFEC41F2FFE637D34" box="[293,465,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Leucascus flavus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93BFFBBFE331F2CFD707D34" author="Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Klautau, M." box="[466,706,1601,1623]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref53941" refString="Cavalcanti, F. F., Rapp, H. T. &amp; Klautau, M. (2013) Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy &amp; Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3619 (3), 275-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.3" type="journal article" year="2013">
Cavalcanti
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93BFFBBFDA51F2FFDC57D34" box="[580,631,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93BFFBBFCD51F2FFCC17D34" box="[820,883,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">in situ</emphasis>
of RMNH Por. 2279 from Bali (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved habitus of holotype ZMA Por. 13145 from SW Sulawesi (scale bar = 1 cm), c+d, in situ images of RMNH Por. 9346, from Ternate (photo N.J. de Voogd), e, tangential view of surface skeleton (scale bar = 500 µm), f, cross section (scale bar = 500 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A93BFFBBFF761F94FDAE7C70" blockId="46.[151,540,1785,1811]" box="[151,540,1785,1811]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93BFFBBFF761F94FDAE7C70" bold="true" box="[151,540,1785,1811]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A93BFFBBFF0F1F94FDAE7C70" authority="Dendy, 1893 a" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1893" box="[238,540,1785,1811]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A93BFFBBFF0F1F94FEDF7C70" bold="true" box="[238,365,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Leucascus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A93BFFBBFE951F94FDAE7C70" author="Dendy, A." box="[372,540,1785,1811]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="69 - 116" refId="ref54266" refString="Dendy, A. (1893 a) Synopsis of the Australian Calcarea Heterocoela; with a proposed Classification of the Group and Descriptions of some New Genera and Species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria (New Series), 5, 69-116." type="journal article" year="1893">Dendy, 1893a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A946FFC6FF761C82FE467D69" blockId="83.[151,500,1519,1579]" box="[151,500,1519,1546]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="F65B81D8A946FFC6FF761C82FE467D69" bold="true" box="[151,500,1519,1546]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" reason="4">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A946FFC6FF761C82FE467D69" bold="true" box="[151,500,1519,1546]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A946FFC6FF761C82FE3D7D6A" ID-CoL="3H875" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,399,1519,1545]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Grantessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenhoveni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A946FFC6FF761C82FE3D7D6A" bold="true" box="[151,399,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Grantessa tenhoveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA946FFC6FE771C9DFE467D69" box="[406,500,1520,1546]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA946FFC6FF761F7FFE3B7D48" box="[151,393,1554,1579]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A946FFC6FF761F7FFE3B7D48" blockId="83.[151,500,1519,1579]" box="[151,393,1554,1579]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A946FFC6FF761F7FFE8B7D48" box="[151,313,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-405@84.[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 61. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, a, preserved parts of group of tubes (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section of tube wall showing syconoid structure (scale bar = 200 µm), c, detail of histological cross section showing cortical skeleton of regular triactines, diactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 100 µm), d, cross section of atrial skeleton of tetractines with protruding apical actines, and subatrial tubar triactines (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951055/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figures 61ad</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A946FFC6FEA51F7FFE3B7D48" box="[324,393,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">62ah</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA946FFC6FF761F37FAE97DF4" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A946FFC6FF761F37FAE97DF4" blockId="83.[151,1437,1626,2011]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A946FFC6FF761F37FECB7D10" bold="true" box="[151,377,1626,1651]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A946FFC6FE671F37FAE97DF4" collectingDate="1984-09-28" collectionCode="ZMA, SCUBA" collectorName="H. A. Ten Hove &amp; Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition" country="Indonesia" elevation="4" latitude="6.35" location="Salayar" longLatPrecision="783" longitude="120.45" municipality="Guang" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A946FFC6FE671F37FE5C7D10" box="[390,494,1626,1651]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A946FFC6FE141F37FD817D10" box="[501,563,1626,1651]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 15509a,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A946FFC6FD2F1F37FC8C7D10" box="[718,830,1626,1651]" name="Indonesia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA946FFC6FC481F37FC447D10" box="[937,1014,1626,1651]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Guang</collectingMunicipality>
, in cave,
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<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A946FFC6FB571F37FA907D10" box="[1206,1314,1626,1651]" degrees="120.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" precision="555" value="120.45">120.45°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A946FFC6FA931F37FF1D7DF5" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A946FFC6FA931F37FF1D7DF5" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">34 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A946FFC6FF5A1F13FEA97DF4" box="[187,283,1662,1687]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A946FFC6FEBF1F13FDBE7DF5" box="[350,524,1662,1687]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H.A. Ten Hove</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A946FFC6FDF61F13FC6E7DF4" box="[535,988,1662,1687]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 152/A3,
<date id="D9121074A946FFC6FB9B1F13FAEA7DF4" box="[1146,1368,1662,1687]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1984-09-28">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA946FFC6FB9B1F13FAEA7DF4" box="[1146,1368,1662,1687]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1984-09-28">28 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA946FFC0FF261FCFFD697F87" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A946FFC6FF261FCFFDA67C60" blockId="83.[151,1437,1626,2011]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A946FFC6FF261FCFFEE37DD8" bold="true" box="[199,337,1698,1723]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Description</emphasis>
. A group of anastomosed thick-walled small tubes (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A946FFC6FC761FCFFC457DD8" box="[919,1015,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-405@84.[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 61. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, a, preserved parts of group of tubes (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section of tube wall showing syconoid structure (scale bar = 200 µm), c, detail of histological cross section showing cortical skeleton of regular triactines, diactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 100 µm), d, cross section of atrial skeleton of tetractines with protruding apical actines, and subatrial tubar triactines (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951055/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 61a</figureCitation>
), now fragmented. Color white in life and cream in alcohol. Largest tube fragment up to
<quantity id="6A549B51A946FFC6FD061FABFC937DBD" box="[743,801,1734,1759]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="6A549B51A946FFC6FC8E1FABFC1B7DBD" box="[879,937,1734,1759]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in diameter. No oscular fringe is apparent. Consistency soft, easily damaged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A946FFC6FF261E63FD3A7C44" blockId="83.[151,1437,1626,2011]" box="[199,648,1806,1831]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A946FFC6FF261E63FE857C44" bold="true" box="[199,311,1806,1831]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Histology</emphasis>
. Syconoid aquiferous system.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A946FFC1FF261E5FFAA37A23" blockId="83.[151,1437,1626,2011]" lastBlockId="84.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A946FFC6FF261E5FFE9F7C28" bold="true" box="[199,301,1842,1867]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Articulate (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A946FFC6FE5C1E5FFDAD7C28" box="[445,543,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-405@84.[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 61. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, a, preserved parts of group of tubes (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section of tube wall showing syconoid structure (scale bar = 200 µm), c, detail of histological cross section showing cortical skeleton of regular triactines, diactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 100 µm), d, cross section of atrial skeleton of tetractines with protruding apical actines, and subatrial tubar triactines (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951055/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 61b</figureCitation>
). In cross section the skeleton shows a cortical layer of small sagittal triactines with the ends of radial tubes ornamented by a tuft of microxeas. Subcortical skeleton a layer of pseudosagittal triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A946FFC6FEF61E17FE307CF0" box="[279,386,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-405@84.[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 61. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, a, preserved parts of group of tubes (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section of tube wall showing syconoid structure (scale bar = 200 µm), c, detail of histological cross section showing cortical skeleton of regular triactines, diactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 100 µm), d, cross section of atrial skeleton of tetractines with protruding apical actines, and subatrial tubar triactines (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951055/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 61c</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal skeleton (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A946FFC6FD231E17FC9E7CF0" box="[706,812,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-405@84.[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 61. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, a, preserved parts of group of tubes (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section of tube wall showing syconoid structure (scale bar = 200 µm), c, detail of histological cross section showing cortical skeleton of regular triactines, diactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 100 µm), d, cross section of atrial skeleton of tetractines with protruding apical actines, and subatrial tubar triactines (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951055/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 61b</figureCitation>
) consists of a neatly organized tubar skeleton of predominantly sagittal tetractines, basal unpaired actines centripetally arranged, with a minority of similar-shaped triactines. Atrial skeleton (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A946FFC6FE231EAFFD907CB8" box="[450,546,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-405@84.[151,1435,373,1307]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 61. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, a, preserved parts of group of tubes (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section of tube wall showing syconoid structure (scale bar = 200 µm), c, detail of histological cross section showing cortical skeleton of regular triactines, diactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 100 µm), d, cross section of atrial skeleton of tetractines with protruding apical actines, and subatrial tubar triactines (scale bar = 500 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951055/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 61d</figureCitation>
) multilayered, consisting of three morphologically distinct
<typeStatus id="72178816A946FFC6FB211EAEFB497CB8" box="[1216,1275,1987,2011]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">types</typeStatus>
of sagittal tri- and tetractines, (1) sagittal tetractines similar in shape to the tubar tetractines, wih unpaired actines protruding into the atrial lumen, (2) tangentially arranged tri- and tetractines with an elongated unpaired actine that is characteristically swollen in the distal part, lying tangentially in the atrial cortex, and (3) perpendicularly arranged tetractines with very long apical actines protruding far into the atrial lumen, with the basal triradiate system forming the atrial cortex along with (1 and 2). The atrial surface thus appears characteristically bristly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F9D3663CA941FFC1FF761C5CFAEB7EC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951055" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14951055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951055/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[151,250,1329,1351]" targetBox="[151,1435,373,1307]" targetPageId="84" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A941FFC1FF761C5CFAEB7EC0" blockId="84.[151,1436,1329,1443]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FF761C5CFEAA7E25" bold="true" box="[151,280,1329,1351]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 61</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A941FFC1FEC51C5CFE477E24" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[292,501,1329,1351]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Grantessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenhoveni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FEC51C5CFE477E24" box="[292,501,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Grantessa tenhoveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FE1A1C5CFDF87E25" bold="true" box="[507,586,1329,1350]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA941FFC1FE1A1C5CFDF87E25" box="[507,586,1329,1350]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, a, preserved parts of group of tubes (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section of tube wall showing syconoid structure (scale bar = 200 µm), c, detail of histological cross section showing cortical skeleton of regular triactines, diactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 100 µm), d, cross section of atrial skeleton of tetractines with protruding apical actines, and subatrial tubar triactines (scale bar = 500 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A941FFC1FF261CA7FB4F7E80" blockId="84.[151,1437,1482,1975]" box="[199,1277,1482,1507]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FF261CA7FE9B7E80" bold="true" box="[199,297,1482,1507]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A941FFC1FEDF1CA7FE0F7E80" box="[318,445,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figs 62ah</figureCitation>
) Sagittal triactines, pseudosagittal triactines, sagittal tetractines, diactines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A941FFC1FF261C83FBA07D64" blockId="84.[151,1437,1482,1975]" box="[199,1042,1518,1543]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Cortical diactines of the distal cones (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A941FFC1FD8C1C83FD7D7D64" box="[621,719,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 62h</figureCitation>
), 63
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FCED1C83FC8F7D64" box="[780,829,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">77.3</emphasis>
91 x 3
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FC7E1C83FC707D64" box="[927,962,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">4.8</emphasis>
6 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A941FFC1FF261F7FFD637D2C" blockId="84.[151,1437,1482,1975]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Cortical triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A941FFC1FE7F1F7FFE4D7D48" box="[414,511,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 62a</figureCitation>
), usual slightly sagittal, actines 5167.8100 x 56.29 µm, (unpaired actines 72 100 x 67 µm, paired actines up to 5165 x 5 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A941FFC1FF261F37FBE77DF4" blockId="84.[151,1437,1482,1975]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Pseudosagittal triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A941FFC1FE071F37FDFA7D10" box="[486,584,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 62b</figureCitation>
), longest paired actines up to 90155.6239 x 8
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FB8E1F37FB207D10" box="[1135,1170,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">9.6</emphasis>
14 µm, shortest paired actines 84
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FEF41F13FEE67DF4" box="[277,340,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">100.8</emphasis>
141 x 8
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FE251F13FE557DF4" box="[452,487,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">9.3</emphasis>
12 µm, unpaired actines 6990.2108 x 7
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FC341F13FC4A7DF4" box="[981,1016,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">8.9</emphasis>
11 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A941FFC1FF261FCFFDCA7DBC" blockId="84.[151,1437,1482,1975]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Sagittal triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A941FFC1FE7C1FCFFE4E7DD8" box="[413,508,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 62c</figureCitation>
) of the radial tubes, unpaired actines up to 66
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FBF81FCFFBEA7DD8" box="[1049,1112,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">177.4</emphasis>
288 x 69.714 µm, paired actines up to 3988.0123 x 5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FE171FABFDAB7DBC" box="[502,537,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">9.1</emphasis>
12 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A941FFC1FF261F87FC5D7C44" blockId="84.[151,1437,1482,1975]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Subatrial sagittal tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A941FFC1FDF41F87FDC77C60" box="[533,629,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 62f</figureCitation>
), variable in shape, unpaired actines 156220.1301 x 711.613 µm, paired actines 96
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FE821E63FE127C44" box="[355,416,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">113.5</emphasis>
123 µm, apical actines 18
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FD3A1E63FCBE7C44" box="[731,780,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">33.3</emphasis>
48 x 7
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FC8F1E63FC237C44" box="[878,913,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">8.5</emphasis>
10 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A941FFC1FF261E5FFD7C7C0C" blockId="84.[151,1437,1482,1975]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Atrial sagittal triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A941FFC1FE3C1E5FFD8E7C28" box="[477,572,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 62d</figureCitation>
) with distally swollen unpaired actines with sizes 165
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FB461E5FFB547C28" box="[1191,1254,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">215.3</emphasis>
270 x 5.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FA8A1E5FFA3C7C28" box="[1387,1422,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">7.3</emphasis>
9 µm, paired actines 29
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FE4A1E3BFE6E7C0C" box="[427,476,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">88.5</emphasis>
129 x 6
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FDAD1E3BFDDD7C0C" box="[588,623,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">9.6</emphasis>
12 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A941FFC1FF261E17FB037CD4" blockId="84.[151,1437,1482,1975]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Atrial sagittal tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A941FFC1FE0A1E17FDF87CF0" box="[491,586,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 62e</figureCitation>
) with distally swollen unpaired actines with sizes 174230.2291 x 7
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FA8A1E17FA3C7CF0" box="[1387,1422,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">8.2</emphasis>
10 µm, paired actines 42
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FE581EF3FE587CD4" box="[441,490,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">55.2</emphasis>
63 x 8
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FDAD1EF3FDDD7CD4" box="[588,623,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">9.8</emphasis>
12 µm, apical actines 24
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FC7C1EF3FC7C7CD4" box="[925,974,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">39.6</emphasis>
54 x 7
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A941FFC1FBD11EF3FBE17CD4" box="[1072,1107,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">8.1</emphasis>
10 µm.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A940FFC0FF761D40FB007FE3" blockId="85.[151,1436,1069,1152]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FF761D40FEA87F21" bold="true" box="[151,282,1069,1091]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 62</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A940FFC0FEC91D40FE497F20" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[296,507,1069,1091]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Grantessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenhoveni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FEC91D40FE497F20" box="[296,507,1069,1091]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Grantessa tenhoveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FDE21D40FDE67F21" bold="true" box="[515,596,1069,1090]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA940FFC0FDE21D40FDE67F21" box="[515,596,1069,1090]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A940FFC0FF261DCAFD697F87" blockId="85.[151,1437,1191,1864]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Atrial sagittal tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A940FFC0FE0F1DCAFDFD7FA3" box="[494,591,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-360@85.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 62. Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15509a, SEM images of the spicules, a, cortical triactine, b, subcortical pseudosagittal triactine, c, sagittal tubar triactine, d, atrial tangential triactine, e, atrial tangential tetractine, f, subatrial sagittal tetractines, g, specialized atrial tetractines with giant apical actine, h, cortical diactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951057/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Fig.
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</figureCitation>
) with very long apical actines up to 660
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FBC81DCAFBE17FA3" box="[1065,1107,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">840</emphasis>
960 x 12 µm, actines of the basal triadiate system 60
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FE581DA6FE587F87" box="[441,490,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">96.0</emphasis>
135 x 5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FDBB1DA6FDCF7F87" box="[602,637,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">7.1</emphasis>
10 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA940FFC0FF261D82FDDC7E64" box="[199,622,1263,1288]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A940FFC0FF261D82FDDC7E64" blockId="85.[151,1437,1191,1864]" box="[199,622,1263,1288]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FF261D82FE967E6B" bold="true" box="[199,292,1263,1288]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ecology</emphasis>
. In shallow-water reef caves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA940FFC0FF261C7EFB457E4F" box="[199,1271,1299,1324]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A940FFC0FF261C7EFB457E4F" blockId="85.[151,1437,1191,1864]" box="[199,1271,1299,1324]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FF261C7EFEEB7E4F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1299,1324]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from the
<typeStatus id="72178816A940FFC0FD811C79FD227E4F" box="[608,656,1300,1324]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">type</typeStatus>
locality, the island of Guang, W of Salayar,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A940FFC0FB631C7EFB417E4F" box="[1154,1267,1299,1324]" name="Indonesia" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA940FFC0FF261C5AFB1F7E17" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A940FFC0FF261C5AFB1F7E17" blockId="85.[151,1437,1191,1864]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FF261C5AFEF47E33" bold="true" box="[199,326,1335,1360]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named after our colleague, serpulid specialist Dr Harry A. Ten Hove, who collected the present material, and to acknowledge his friendship exhibited during many biodiscovery expeditions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA940FFC3FF261C12FDBB7BD1" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A940FFC0FF261C12FC667DDB" blockId="85.[151,1437,1191,1864]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FF261C12FE867EFB" bold="true" box="[199,308,1407,1432]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Remarks</emphasis>
. The species differs from most
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A940FFC0FD421CEDFCC27EFB" box="[675,880,1407,1432]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FD421CEDFCA47EF4" box="[675,790,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Grantessa</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in having tetractines supporting the walls of the choanosomal tubes, and the long apical actines of the atrial tetractines are also characteristic. Our new species is close to
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A940FFC0FF1A1CA5FD787E83" authority="(Carter, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[251,714,1479,1504]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Grantessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intusarticulata">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FF1A1CA5FDAF7E83" box="[251,541,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Grantessa intusarticulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A940FFC0FDCE1CAAFD707E83" author="Carter, H. J." box="[559,706,1479,1504]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="502 - 516" refId="ref53802" refString="Carter, H. J. (1886) Descriptions of Sponges from the Neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia, continued. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 17 (97, 98, 101, 102), 40 - 53, 112 - 127, 431 - 441, 502-516." type="journal article" year="1886">Carter, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, originally from SE Australia, but subsequently reported from several wideranging localities (Western Australia,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A940FFC0FD2A1C81FCD17D67" box="[715,867,1515,1540]" name="New Zealand" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A940FFC0FC8F1C81FC037D60" box="[878,945,1516,1539]" name="Japan" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Japan</collectingCountry>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A940FFC0FC071C81FBCC7D67" author="Burton, M." box="[998,1150,1515,1540]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 693" refId="ref53769" refString="Burton, M. (1963) Revision of the classification of the calcareous sponges. London. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 1-693." type="book chapter" year="1963">Burton, 1963</bibRefCitation>
). The habitus and general spiculation matches that species. The differences appear to be mostly in the sizes and shapes of the spicules, with the extreme length of the apical actines of the atrial sagittal tetractines as the most salient. Moreover, cortical diactines in our specimens are longer than those cited by Carter. South African
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A940FFC0FBF31F35FA2E7D13" authority="(Haeckel, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1042,1436,1623,1648]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Grantessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FBF31F35FB527D13" box="[1042,1248,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Grantessa ramosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A940FFC0FB0E1F3AFA267D13" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1263,1428,1623,1648]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as described by
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A940FFC0FEB11F16FDAC7DF7" author="Borojevic, R." box="[336,542,1659,1684]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="183 - 226" refId="ref52850" refString="Borojevic, R. (1967 a) Spongiaires d'Afrique du Sud. (2) Calcarea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 37 (3), 183-226." type="journal article" year="1967">Borojevic (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
is also closely similar but likewise differs in lacking the very long protruding apical actines of the atrial tetractines, and the cortical diactines are longer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A940FFC0FF141FA9FCB57C2B" blockId="85.[151,1437,1191,1864]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
From
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A940FFC0FEA41FA9FD897DBF" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[325,571,1731,1756]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Grantessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="borojevici" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FEA41FA9FD897DBF" box="[325,571,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Grantessa borojevici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FDAE1FAEFD107DBF" bold="true" box="[591,674,1731,1756]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA940FFC0FDAE1FAEFD107DBF" box="[591,674,1731,1756]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
described above, the new species differs in shape, surface characteristics, size of diactines of the distal cones, presence of tubar tetractines, shape and size of the atrial tetractines, and the prolonged apical actines of many atrial tetractines. The present material originated from shallow caves, whereas
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A940FFC0FE451E5DFD817C2B" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[420,563,1839,1864]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Grantessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="borojevici" status="sp.nov.">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FE451E5DFD817C2B" box="[420,563,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">G. borojevici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A940FFC0FDDB1E42FD3E7C2B" bold="true" box="[570,652,1839,1864]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84EB57DDA940FFC0FDDB1E42FD3E7C2B" box="[570,652,1839,1864]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is bathyal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A943FFC3FF7619F5FDBB7BD1" blockId="86.[151,521,151,178]" box="[151,521,151,178]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A943FFC3FF7619F5FDBB7BD1" bold="true" box="[151,521,151,178]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A943FFC3FF0F19FAFEEA7BD2" box="[238,344,151,177]" genus="Heteropi" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A943FFC3FF0F19FAFEEA7BD2" bold="true" box="[238,344,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Heteropi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A943FFC3FE8F19F5FDBB7BD1" author="Carter, H. J." box="[366,521,152,178]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="502 - 516" refId="ref53802" refString="Carter, H. J. (1886) Descriptions of Sponges from the Neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia, continued. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 17 (97, 98, 101, 102), 40 - 53, 112 - 127, 431 - 441, 502-516." type="journal article" year="1886">Carter, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A949FFC9FF761E19FDE77CED" blockId="92.[151,597,1908,1967]" box="[151,597,1908,1934]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<heading id="F65B81D8A949FFC9FF761E19FDE77CED" bold="true" box="[151,597,1908,1934]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A949FFC9FF761E19FDE77CED" ID-CoL="D75J" authority="Breitfuss, 1896" authorityName="Breitfuss" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,597,1908,1934]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="semoni">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A949FFC9FF761E19FDE77CED" bold="true" box="[151,597,1908,1934]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A949FFC9FF761E19FE267CED" bold="true" box="[151,404,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Amphoriscus semoni</emphasis>
Breitfuss, 1896
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA949FFC9FF761EFBFE807CCC" box="[151,306,1942,1967]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A949FFC9FF761EFBFE807CCC" blockId="92.[151,597,1908,1967]" box="[151,306,1942,1967]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A949FFC9FF761EFBFE807CCC" box="[151,306,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-106@93.[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 68. Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss (1896), ZMA Por. 08073, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section showing syconoid aquiferous system and inarticulate skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm); left side: ectosomal skeleton formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines, right side: atrial skeleton of triactines and tetractines, cf, SEM images of spicules, c, giant tetractines, d, large sagittal triactines of the choanosomal / subatrial skeleton, e, atrial tetractines, f. small subatrial sagittal triactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951075/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figures 68af</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA949FFCBFF761EB3FEE77B9B" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A949FFCBFF761EB3FEE77B9B" blockId="92.[151,813,2014,2036]" lastBlockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBC119AA949FFCBFF761EB3FEE77B9B" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A949FFC9FF761EB3FDFF7C97" author="Breitfuss, L. L." box="[151,589,2014,2036]" page="435" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1896">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A949FFC9FF761EB3FDFF7C97" ID-CoL="D75J" authority="Breitfuss, 1896 b: 435" authorityName="Breitfuss" authorityPageNumber="435" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,589,2014,2036]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="semoni">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A949FFC9FF761EB3FEDB7C97" box="[151,361,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Amphoriscus semoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A949FFC9FE8E1EB3FDFF7C97" author="Breitfuss, L. L." box="[367,589,2014,2036]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="435 - 436" refId="ref53570" refString="Breitfuss, L. L. (1896 b) Amphoriscus semoni, eine neue Art heterocoeler Kalkschwamme. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 19, 435-436." type="journal article" year="1896">Breitfuss, 1896b: 435</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A949FFC9FDB61EB3FC9A7C97" author="Breitfuss, L. L." box="[599,808,2014,2036]" page="221" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A949FFC9FDB61EB3FC9A7C97" author="Breitfuss, L. L." box="[599,808,2014,2036]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref53598" refString="Breitfuss, L. L. (1898) Kalkschwamme von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschender Gesellschaft, 24, 169-178." type="journal article" year="1898">Breitfuss, 1898: 221</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF7619FAFEC97BD3" bold="true" box="[151,379,151,176]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Material examined</emphasis>
. ZMA Por. 08073,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A94BFFCBFDBE19FAFD7D7BD3" box="[607,719,151,176]" name="Indonesia" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A94BFFCBFD3D19F5FC387BD3" box="[732,906,152,176]" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Nusa Tenggara</collectingRegion>
, Sumbawa, Bay of Sanggar,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A94BFFCBFB3919FAFA917BD3" box="[1240,1315,151,176]" degrees="8.32" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" precision="555" value="-8.32">8.32°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A94BFFCBFACC19FAFA2A7BD3" box="[1325,1432,151,176]" degrees="118.24" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" precision="555" value="118.24">118.24°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A94BFFCBFF3F19D1FEBF7BB0" box="[222,269,188,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
, sea grass meadow, snorkeling, coll. F. Leys, Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition stat. 114/01,
<date id="D9121074A94BFFCBFA6119D1FEE37B9B" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1984-09-21">21 September 1984</date>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F9D3663CA948FFC8FF761E2AFE697CBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951075" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14951075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951075/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" startId="93.[151,250,1863,1885]" targetBox="[180,1404,185,1831]" targetPageId="93" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A948FFC8FF761E2AFE697CBB" blockId="93.[151,1436,1863,2008]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A948FFC8FF761E2AFEAE7C3F" bold="true" box="[151,284,1863,1885]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">FIGURE 68</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A948FFC8FECD1E2AFD057C3E" authority="Breitfuss (1896)" authorityName="Breitfuss" authorityYear="1896" box="[300,695,1863,1885]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="semoni">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A948FFC8FECD1E2AFDB17C3E" box="[300,515,1863,1885]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Amphoriscus semoni</emphasis>
Breitfuss (1896)
</taxonomicName>
, ZMA Por. 08073, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section showing syconoid aquiferous system and inarticulate skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm); left side: ectosomal skeleton formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines, right side: atrial skeleton of triactines and tetractines, cf, SEM images of spicules, c, giant tetractines, d, large sagittal triactines of the choanosomal / subatrial skeleton, e, atrial tetractines, f. small subatrial sagittal triactine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA94BFFCBFF261869FB1A78AB" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF261869FC4C7A06" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF261869FEE37A7E" bold="true" box="[199,337,260,285]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Description</emphasis>
. A small group of elongated thin-walled curved tubes (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A94BFFCBFC271869FB957A7E" box="[966,1063,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-106@93.[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 68. Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss (1896), ZMA Por. 08073, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section showing syconoid aquiferous system and inarticulate skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm); left side: ectosomal skeleton formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines, right side: atrial skeleton of triactines and tetractines, cf, SEM images of spicules, c, giant tetractines, d, large sagittal triactines of the choanosomal / subatrial skeleton, e, atrial tetractines, f. small subatrial sagittal triactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951075/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 68a</figureCitation>
), with smooth surface, live color green. The three are basally connected on the surface of a small limestone fragment, but are otherwise free. Length of longest tube
<quantity id="6A549B51A94BFFCBFEA51821FE217A00" box="[324,403,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="6A549B51A94BFFCBFDE61821FDE57A00" box="[519,599,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="cm" value="0.4">0.4 cm</quantity>
. Consistency fragile, easily damaged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF261802FD4C7AEB" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" box="[199,766,367,392]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF261802FE857AEB" bold="true" box="[199,311,367,392]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Histology</emphasis>
. Syconoid aquiferous system (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A94BFFCBFD711802FD407AEB" box="[656,754,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-106@93.[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 68. Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss (1896), ZMA Por. 08073, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section showing syconoid aquiferous system and inarticulate skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm); left side: ectosomal skeleton formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines, right side: atrial skeleton of triactines and tetractines, cf, SEM images of spicules, c, giant tetractines, d, large sagittal triactines of the choanosomal / subatrial skeleton, e, atrial tetractines, f. small subatrial sagittal triactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951075/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 68b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF2618F9FE6F7903" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF2618F9FE9F7ACE" bold="true" box="[199,301,404,429]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Inarticulate (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A94BFFCBFE2818F9FD9E7ACE" box="[457,556,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-106@93.[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 68. Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss (1896), ZMA Por. 08073, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section showing syconoid aquiferous system and inarticulate skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm); left side: ectosomal skeleton formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines, right side: atrial skeleton of triactines and tetractines, cf, SEM images of spicules, c, giant tetractines, d, large sagittal triactines of the choanosomal / subatrial skeleton, e, atrial tetractines, f. small subatrial sagittal triactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951075/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 68b</figureCitation>
). Very organized. The ectosomal skeleton is formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines. The apical actines of these form the choanosomal skeleton, together with the unpaired actines of the subatrial triactines. Atrial skeleton is formed by the paired actines of the subatrial triactines and a thin layer of atrial tetractines. The wall of the tubes is thin, often thinner than the length of the apical actines of the giant tetractines (less than 600800 µm in length), which may protrude into the atrial lumen along with the apical actines of the small atrial tetractines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF261B01FEEF79CB" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF261B01FE9B79E6" bold="true" box="[199,297,620,645]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A94BFFCBFEA31B01FE7279E6" box="[322,448,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-106@93.[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 68. Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss (1896), ZMA Por. 08073, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section showing syconoid aquiferous system and inarticulate skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm); left side: ectosomal skeleton formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines, right side: atrial skeleton of triactines and tetractines, cf, SEM images of spicules, c, giant tetractines, d, large sagittal triactines of the choanosomal / subatrial skeleton, e, atrial tetractines, f. small subatrial sagittal triactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951075/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs 68cf</figureCitation>
) Large sagittal tetractines, small more or less equiactinal tetractines, large and small sagittal triactines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF261BD9FD087877" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Large tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A94BFFCBFE771BD9FE4B79AE" box="[406,505,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-106@93.[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 68. Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss (1896), ZMA Por. 08073, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section showing syconoid aquiferous system and inarticulate skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm); left side: ectosomal skeleton formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines, right side: atrial skeleton of triactines and tetractines, cf, SEM images of spicules, c, giant tetractines, d, large sagittal triactines of the choanosomal / subatrial skeleton, e, atrial tetractines, f. small subatrial sagittal triactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951075/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 68c</figureCitation>
), with long apical actine and almost equiangular equiactinal paired and unpaired actines. Unpaired actines 122
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFE1B1BBAFD8B7993" box="[506,569,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">203.8</emphasis>
271 x 13
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFD5F1BBAFD5D7993" box="[702,751,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">15.6</emphasis>
18 µm, paired actines, 210
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFBA51BBAFB317993" box="[1092,1155,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">432.9</emphasis>
602 x 15
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFAE81BBAFA887993" box="[1289,1338,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">18.4</emphasis>
23 µm, apical actines 378
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFE8C1B91FE1E7876" box="[365,428,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">517.1</emphasis>
600 x 18
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFDCB1B91FDE97876" box="[554,603,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">21.5</emphasis>
35 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF261A72FE2F78E3" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Small tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A94BFFCBFE7E1A72FDB4785B" box="[415,518,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-106@93.[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 68. Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss (1896), ZMA Por. 08073, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section showing syconoid aquiferous system and inarticulate skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm); left side: ectosomal skeleton formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines, right side: atrial skeleton of triactines and tetractines, cf, SEM images of spicules, c, giant tetractines, d, large sagittal triactines of the choanosomal / subatrial skeleton, e, atrial tetractines, f. small subatrial sagittal triactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951075/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 68e</figureCitation>
), basal system approximately equiangular equiactinal, smaller apical actines, unpaired actines 54
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFE641A29FE70783E" box="[389,450,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">113.6</emphasis>
174 x 6
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFDD91A29FDE9783E" box="[568,603,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">8.7</emphasis>
11 µm, paired actines 48
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFC791A29FC65783E" box="[920,983,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">106.6</emphasis>
175 x 5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFBAC1A29FBC2783E" box="[1101,1136,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">7.0</emphasis>
11 µm, apical actines 9
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF761A0AFF7A78E3" box="[151,200,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">44.6</emphasis>
84 x 5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFECB1A0AFEFF78E3" box="[298,333,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">5.9</emphasis>
8 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF261AE1FB1A78AB" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A94BFFCBFEA71AE1FE7478C6" box="[326,454,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-106@93.[180,1404,185,1831]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 68. Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss (1896), ZMA Por. 08073, a, habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, histological cross section showing syconoid aquiferous system and inarticulate skeleton (scale bar = 200 µm); left side: ectosomal skeleton formed by the paired and unpaired actines of giant tetractines, right side: atrial skeleton of triactines and tetractines, cf, SEM images of spicules, c, giant tetractines, d, large sagittal triactines of the choanosomal / subatrial skeleton, e, atrial tetractines, f. small subatrial sagittal triactine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951075/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs 68d, f</figureCitation>
), sagittal, in a wide size range, possibly divisible in two size classes, unpaired actines overall 72
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFEF41AC2FEE678AB" box="[277,340,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">241.5</emphasis>
372 x 5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFE251AC2FE4178AB" box="[452,499,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">11.6</emphasis>
16 µm, paired actines overall 48
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFC981AC2FC0A78AB" box="[889,952,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">158.5</emphasis>
222 x 5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFBC91AC2FBF978AB" box="[1064,1099,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">8.6</emphasis>
11 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA94BFFCBFF261AB9FE6B7888" box="[199,473,980,1005]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF261AB9FE6B7888" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" box="[199,473,980,1005]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF261AB9FE96788E" bold="true" box="[199,292,980,1005]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Ecology</emphasis>
. Shallow water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA94BFFCBFF261A9AFD747F73" box="[199,710,1015,1040]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF261A9AFD747F73" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" box="[199,710,1015,1040]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF261A9AFEEB7F73" bold="true" box="[199,345,1015,1040]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A94BFFCBFE861A9AFE667F73" box="[359,468,1015,1040]" name="Indonesia" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A94BFFCBFE021A9AFD897F73" box="[483,571,1015,1040]" name="Indonesia" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Ambon</collectingCountry>
, Sumbawa).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA94BFFCBFF261D71FDB57F89" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF261D71FCC87FC3" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF261D71FE867F56" bold="true" box="[199,308,1052,1077]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Remarks</emphasis>
. The specimens conform closely with the
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A94BFFCBFCFE1D71FCC17F56" box="[799,883,1052,1077]" name="Indonesia" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Ambon</collectingCountry>
material of
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A94BFFCBFBE21D71FB7F7F56" author="Breitfuss, L. L." box="[1027,1229,1052,1077]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="435 - 436" refId="ref53570" refString="Breitfuss, L. L. (1896 b) Amphoriscus semoni, eine neue Art heterocoeler Kalkschwamme. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 19, 435-436." type="journal article" year="1896">Breitfuss (1896b)</bibRefCitation>
. He described the
<typeStatus id="72178816A94BFFCBFF761D52FF4B7F3B" box="[151,249,1087,1112]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
as shiny white, but his material was preserved without field data (received from W. Weltner who passed it on from the collector R. Semon). The length of the choanosomal (apical) actine of the giant tetractines is given as 520790 µm, whereas in our material this did not exceed 600 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A94BFFCBFF761DBDFDB57F89" blockId="94.[151,519,1231,1258]" box="[151,519,1231,1258]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF761DBDFDB57F89" bold="true" box="[151,519,1231,1258]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A94BFFCBFF0F1DA2FDB57F89" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[238,519,1231,1258]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Leucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A94BFFCBFF0F1DA2FEE07F8A" bold="true" box="[238,338,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Leucilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A94BFFCBFEB81DBDFDB57F89" author="Haeckel, E." box="[345,519,1232,1258]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
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,
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A952FFD2FF761E3EFEFD7C0B" box="[151,335,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Anamixilla torresi</emphasis>
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, pl. IV figs 2ac;
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;
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, fig. 4;
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A952FFD2FB981E3EFAF77C0A" author="Borojevic, R." box="[1145,1349,1875,1897]" page="9" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A952FFD2FB981E3EFAF77C0A" author="Borojevic, R." box="[1145,1349,1875,1897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52886" refString="Borojevic, R. (1967 b) Eponges calcaires recueillies en Nouvelle-Caledonie par la Mission Singer-Polignac. Expedition Francaise sur les recifs coralliens de Nouvelle-Caledonie, Paris, 2, 1-10." type="journal article" year="1967">Borojevic, 1967b: 9</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A952FFD2FAB11E3EFE2D7CE4" author="Erhardt, H. &amp; Baensch, H. A." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 1214" refId="ref54685" refString="Erhardt, H. &amp; Baensch, H. A. (1998) Meerwasser Atlas 4. Wirbellose. Mergus Verlag, Melle, Germany, pp. 1-1214." type="book chapter" year="1998">Erhardt &amp; Baensch, 1998: 73</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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, depth
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,
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, depth
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<collectorName id="00595362A95DFFDDFC6119FAFBE67BD3" box="[896,1108,151,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Siboga Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 303,
<date id="D9121074A95DFFDDFB3219FAFA257BD3" box="[1235,1431,151,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1900-02-02">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA95DFFDDFB3219FAFA257BD3" box="[1235,1431,151,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1900-02-02">2 February 1900</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFF7619D1FDD57B9B" collectingDate="1899-11-22" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="Siboga Expedition" country="Indonesia" elevation="27" latitude="-4.5398" location="Banda" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="129.9084" municipality="Por." pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maluku Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFF7619D1FF677BB6" box="[151,213,188,213]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ZMA</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA95DFFDDFF3D19D1FEBA7BB0" box="[220,264,188,211]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Por.</collectingMunicipality>
00141,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95DFFDDFE8319D1FE607BB6" box="[354,466,188,213]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A95DFFDDFE3D19D1FD847BB6" box="[476,566,188,213]" country="Indonesia" name="Maluku Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Maluku</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="A873606FA95DFFDDFDA119D1FD357BB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A952FFDCFF761F85FCDB78A4:A873606FA95DFFDDFDA119D1FD357BB6" box="[576,647,188,213]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-4.5398" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="129.9084" municipality="Por." name="Banda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Maluku Utara">Banda</location>
anchorage,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFCEE19D1FCC57BB6" box="[783,887,188,213]" degrees="4.5398" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5" value="-4.5398">4.5398°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFC9C19D1FBB77BB6" box="[893,1029,188,213]" degrees="129.9084" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5" value="129.9084">129.9084°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A95DFFDDFBB519D1FB187BB0" box="[1108,1194,188,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="9.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A95DFFDDFBB519D1FB187BB0" box="[1108,1194,188,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="9.0">945 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, trawled, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A95DFFDDFAAF19D1FEA07B9B" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Siboga Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 240,
<date id="D9121074A95DFFDDFE6819B2FDD57B9B" box="[393,615,223,248]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1899-11-22">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA95DFFDDFE6819B2FDD57B9B" box="[393,615,223,248]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1899-11-22">22 November 1899</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFD9519B2FC2B7A7E" collectingDate="1899-11-14" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="Siboga Expedition" country="Indonesia" elevation="40" latitude="-3.7" location="Por." longLatPrecision="5583" longitude="128.15" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFD9519B2FD007B9B" box="[628,690,223,248]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ZMA</collectionCode>
<location id="A873606FA95DFFDDFD5A198DFD5A7B94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A952FFDCFF761F85FCDB78A4:A873606FA95DFFDDFD5A198DFD5A7B94" box="[699,744,224,247]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-3.7" longLatPrecision="5583" longitude="128.15" name="Por." pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Por.</location>
00142,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95DFFDDFCA419B2FC077B9B" box="[837,949,223,248]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Ambon anchorage,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFB7E19B2FB6F7B9B" box="[1183,1245,223,248]" degrees="3.7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5555" value="-3.7">3.7°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFB0419B2FAE37B9B" box="[1253,1361,223,248]" degrees="128.15" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="555" value="128.15">128.15°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A95DFFDDFF761869FF607A78" box="[151,210,260,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="40.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A95DFFDDFF761869FF607A78" box="[151,210,260,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, trawled, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A95DFFDDFE991869FDFB7A7E" box="[376,585,260,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Siboga Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 231,
<date id="D9121074A95DFFDDFD5C1869FC2B7A7E" box="[701,921,260,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1899-11-14">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA95DFFDDFD5C1869FC2B7A7E" box="[701,921,260,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1899-11-14">14 November 1899</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFC451869FAB67A23" collectionCode="ZMA" country="Indonesia" county="Por." elevation="3" latitude="-8.8" location="Teluk Slawi" longLatPrecision="5582" longitude="119.52" municipality="Komodo" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFC451869FC507A7E" box="[932,994,260,285]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ZMA</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty id="44724E38A95DFFDDFC0B1869FBA57A78" box="[1002,1047,260,283]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Por.</collectingCounty>
08006,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95DFFDDFB931869FB507A7E" box="[1138,1250,260,285]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A95DFFDDFB0C1869FA2A7A7F" box="[1261,1432,260,284]" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Nusa Tenggara</collectingRegion>
, E of
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA95DFFDDFF32184AFE8A7A23" box="[211,312,295,320]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Komodo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A873606FA95DFFDDFEA4184AFE637A23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A952FFDCFF761F85FCDB78A4:A873606FA95DFFDDFEA4184AFE637A23" box="[325,465,295,320]" country="Indonesia" county="Por." latitude="-8.8" longLatPrecision="5582" longitude="119.52" municipality="Komodo" name="Teluk Slawi" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Teluk Slawi</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFE3E184AFDAF7A23" box="[479,541,295,320]" degrees="8.8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5555" value="-8.8">8.8°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFDC6184AFD207A23" box="[551,658,295,320]" degrees="119.52" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="555" value="119.52">119.52°E</geoCoordinate>
, underneath coral head, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A95DFFDDFC14184AFBF37A5C" box="[1013,1089,295,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A95DFFDDFC14184AFBF37A5C" box="[1013,1089,295,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">14 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, snorkeling, coll
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFAF31845FBFA7A06" collectingDate="1984-09-17" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. M. van Soest &amp; Indonesian-Dutch Snellius &amp; Expedition" country="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFAF31845FA957A5C" box="[1298,1319,296,319]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="00595362A95DFFDDFACB1845FF657A06" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="00595362A95DFFDDFF051821FDBD7A06" box="[228,527,332,357]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius</collectorName>
II
<collectorName id="00595362A95DFFDDFDD51821FD1D7A06" box="[564,687,332,357]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 069/II/13,
<date id="D9121074A95DFFDDFC861821FBFA7A06" box="[871,1096,332,357]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984-09-17">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA95DFFDDFC861821FBFA7A06" box="[871,1096,332,357]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984-09-17">17 September 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFBB71821FB9D7AE4" collectionCode="ZMA" country="Indonesia" elevation="32" latitude="1.6132" location="Bunaken Island" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="124.7797" municipality="Por." pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFBB71821FB267A06" box="[1110,1172,332,357]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ZMA</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA95DFFDDFB7C1821FB787A00" box="[1181,1226,332,355]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Por.</collectingMunicipality>
16351,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95DFFDDFAC91821FA2A7A06" box="[1320,1432,332,357]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A95DFFDDFF761802FEFF7AEB" box="[151,333,367,392]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">North Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="A873606FA95DFFDDFEBF1802FDA47AEB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A952FFDCFF761F85FCDB78A4:A873606FA95DFFDDFEBF1802FDA47AEB" box="[350,534,367,392]" country="Indonesia" latitude="1.6132" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="124.7797" municipality="Por." name="Bunaken Island" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Bunaken Island</location>
, in cave,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFD701802FD4F7AEB" box="[657,765,367,392]" degrees="1.6132" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5" value="1.6132">1.6132°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFCEB1802FC207AEB" box="[778,914,367,392]" degrees="124.7797" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5" value="124.7797">124.7797°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A95DFFDDFC0F1802FB9D7AE4" box="[1006,1071,367,392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="32.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A95DFFDDFC0F1802FB9D7AE4" box="[1006,1071,367,392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="32.0">32 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFBA01802FEE87ACE" collectingDate="1996-09-17" collectionCode="SCUBA" collectorName="H. Erhardt" country="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFBA01802FB137AEB" box="[1089,1185,367,392]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A95DFFDDFB11181DFADD7AEB" box="[1264,1391,367,392]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H. Erhardt</collectorName>
,
<date id="D9121074A95DFFDDFA611802FEE87ACE" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1996-09-17">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA95DFFDDFA611802FEE87ACE" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1996-09-17">17 September 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFE8F18F9FE267AAC" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Indonesia" county="Por." elevation="12" latitude="1.48" location="Teluk Makawide" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="125.24" municipality="Lembeh Strait" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFE8F18F9FE707AC8" box="[366,450,404,427]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty id="44724E38A95DFFDDFE3218F9FDB27AC8" box="[467,512,404,427]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Por.</collectingCounty>
6572,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95DFFDDFDBF18F9FD7C7ACE" box="[606,718,404,429]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A95DFFDDFD0318F9FC2E7ACE" box="[738,924,404,429]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">North Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA95DFFDDFC5118F9FBE97ACE" box="[944,1115,404,429]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Lembeh Strait</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A873606FA95DFFDDFB8E18F9FA857ACE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A952FFDCFF761F85FCDB78A4:A873606FA95DFFDDFB8E18F9FA857ACE" box="[1135,1335,404,429]" country="Indonesia" county="Por." latitude="1.48" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="125.24" municipality="Lembeh Strait" name="Teluk Makawide" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Teluk Makawide</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFAAD18F9FA2E7ACE" box="[1356,1436,404,429]" degrees="1.48" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="555" value="1.48">1.48°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFF7618DAFEB17AB3" box="[151,259,439,464]" degrees="125.24" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="555" value="125.24">125.24°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A95DFFDDFEB618DAFE267AAC" box="[343,404,439,464]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="12.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A95DFFDDFEB618DAFE267AAC" box="[343,404,439,464]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFE4318DAFB0C7AB3" box="[418,1214,439,464]" collectingDate="2012-02-09" collectionCode="SCUBA" collectorName="N. J. de Voogd" country="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFE4318DAFDB07AB3" box="[418,514,439,464]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A95DFFDDFDA818D5FD5F7AB3" box="[585,749,439,464]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">N.J. de Voogd</collectorName>
, #LEM19/090212/062,
<date id="D9121074A95DFFDDFC1C18DAFB0C7AB3" box="[1021,1214,439,464]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2012-02-09">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA95DFFDDFC1C18DAFB0C7AB3" box="[1021,1214,439,464]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2012-02-09">9 February 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFB2A18D5FB277A90" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Indonesia" county="Por." elevation="14" latitude="1.4" location="Tanjung Pandea" longLatPrecision="5583" longitude="125.17" municipality="Lembeh Strait" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFB2A18D5FAAD7AAC" box="[1227,1311,440,463]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty id="44724E38A95DFFDDFAC918D5FAE77AAC" box="[1320,1365,440,463]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Por.</collectingCounty>
6612,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95DFFDDFF7618B1FEB57A96" box="[151,263,476,501]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A95DFFDDFEF518B1FE747A96" box="[276,454,476,501]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">North Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4D77ACCEA95DFFDDFE3518B1FDCA7A96" box="[468,632,476,501]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Lembeh Strait</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A873606FA95DFFDDFD6718B1FC8C7A96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A952FFDCFF761F85FCDB78A4:A873606FA95DFFDDFD6718B1FC8C7A96" box="[646,830,476,501]" country="Indonesia" county="Por." latitude="1.4" longLatPrecision="5583" longitude="125.17" municipality="Lembeh Strait" name="Tanjung Pandea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Tanjung Pandea</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFCAA18B1FC3C7A96" box="[843,910,476,501]" degrees="1.4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5555" value="1.4">1.4°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95DFFDDFC7618B1FBB17A96" box="[919,1027,476,501]" degrees="125.17" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="555" value="125.17">125.17°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A95DFFDDFBB918B1FB277A90" box="[1112,1173,476,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="14.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A95DFFDDFBB918B1FB277A90" box="[1112,1173,476,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95DFFDDFB4218B1FD05797B" collectingDate="2012-02-11" collectionCode="SCUBA" collectorName="N. J. de Voogd" country="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95DFFDDFB4218B1FAB17A96" box="[1187,1283,476,501]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A95DFFDDFAAD18B1FF51797B" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">N.J. de Voogd</collectorName>
, #LEM24/110212/126,
<date id="D9121074A95DFFDDFE0C1892FD05797B" box="[493,695,511,536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2012-02-11">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA95DFFDDFE0C1892FD05797B" box="[493,695,511,536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2012-02-11">11 February 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F9D3663CA95DFFDDFF761E23FADE7CE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14951030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951030/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" startId="72.[151,250,1870,1892]" targetBox="[191,1395,589,1849]" targetPageId="72" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95DFFDDFF761E23FADE7CE1" blockId="72.[151,1436,1870,1922]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95DFFDDFF761E23FEAA7C00" bold="true" box="[151,280,1870,1892]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 52</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A95DFFDDFEC41E23FD387C07" authority="Polejaeff (1883)" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[293,650,1870,1892]" class="Calcarea" family="Jenkinidae" genus="Anamixilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="torresi">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95DFFDDFEC41E23FE6F7C07" box="[293,477,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Anamixilla torresi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A95DFFDDFE021E23FD387C07" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[483,650,1870,1892]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref56055" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 8 (2), 1-76," type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff (1883)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, RMNH Por. 6572, SEM images of spicules, a, equiangular parasagittal giant, intermediate and small triactines, b, subatrial sagittal triactines, c, atrial tetractines (trichoxeas from the fringe not shown).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA95CFFDCFF2619FAFF52785B" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF2619FAFBD87B94" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFF2619FAFEE37BD3" bold="true" box="[199,337,151,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Description</emphasis>
. Wide irregular-shaped tubes (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95CFFDCFD4C19FAFCBE7BD3" box="[685,780,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1473,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-157@71.[151,1436,193,1452]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 51. Anamixilla torresi Poléjaeff (1883), RMNH Por. 6572, a, habitus in situ in North Sulawesi (scale bar = 1 cm, photo N.J. de Voogd).b, tangential view of surface skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), c, histological cross section showing cortical and choanosomal giant and smaller triactines, subatrial triactines and atrial tetractines (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951026/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 51a</figureCitation>
) of up to
<quantity id="6A549B51A95CFFDCFC9D19FAFC7B7BCC" box="[892,969,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
diameter and with short fringe at the rim of flaring, trumpet-like tube-endings. Overall size of cormus up to
<quantity id="6A549B51A95CFFDCFC4319D1FC587BB0" box="[930,1002,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
or more in length. Color white, with blueish fringe in larger tubes. Consistency brittle, but limp when taken out of the water.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF261869FD3A7A7F" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,648,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFF261869FE8C7A7E" bold="true" box="[199,318,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Histology.</emphasis>
Syconoid aquiferous system.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF26184AFD007AEB" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFF26184AFE9F7A23" bold="true" box="[199,301,295,320]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Inarticulate, with a cortex formed by tangential giant and medium sized triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95CFFDCFAF3184AFAC57A23" box="[1298,1399,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1473,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-157@71.[151,1436,193,1452]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 51. Anamixilla torresi Poléjaeff (1883), RMNH Por. 6572, a, habitus in situ in North Sulawesi (scale bar = 1 cm, photo N.J. de Voogd).b, tangential view of surface skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), c, histological cross section showing cortical and choanosomal giant and smaller triactines, subatrial triactines and atrial tetractines (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951026/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 51b</figureCitation>
), a choanosomal skeleton (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95CFFDCFE411821FE4C7A06" box="[416,510,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1473,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-157@71.[151,1436,193,1452]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 51. Anamixilla torresi Poléjaeff (1883), RMNH Por. 6572, a, habitus in situ in North Sulawesi (scale bar = 1 cm, photo N.J. de Voogd).b, tangential view of surface skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), c, histological cross section showing cortical and choanosomal giant and smaller triactines, subatrial triactines and atrial tetractines (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951026/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 51c</figureCitation>
) formed by similar giant triactines and the unpaired actines of subatrial triactines. Atrial skeleton (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95CFFDCFEAD1802FE187AEB" box="[332,426,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1473,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-157@71.[151,1436,193,1452]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 51. Anamixilla torresi Poléjaeff (1883), RMNH Por. 6572, a, habitus in situ in North Sulawesi (scale bar = 1 cm, photo N.J. de Voogd).b, tangential view of surface skeleton (scale bar = 1 mm), c, histological cross section showing cortical and choanosomal giant and smaller triactines, subatrial triactines and atrial tetractines (scale bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951026/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 51c</figureCitation>
) consists of tetractines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF2618F9FDE57A96" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFF2618F9FE9B7ACE" bold="true" box="[199,297,404,429]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95CFFDCFEA218F9FE767ACE" box="[323,452,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,589,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-218@72.[191,1395,589,1849]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 52. Anamixilla torresi Poléjaeff (1883), RMNH Por. 6572, SEM images of spicules, a, equiangular parasagittal giant, intermediate and small triactines, b, subatrial sagittal triactines, c, atrial tetractines (trichoxeas from the fringe not shown)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951030/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs 52ac</figureCitation>
) Giant triactines, medium sized triactines, small triactines, medium sized and small tetractines; these spicules are all parasagittal. There are also - mostly broken - trichoxeas, uncommon, which likely represent spicules from the tubar fringe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF261892FF47795F" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Giant triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95CFFDCFE621892FE51797B" box="[387,483,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,589,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-218@72.[191,1395,589,1849]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 52. Anamixilla torresi Poléjaeff (1883), RMNH Por. 6572, SEM images of spicules, a, equiangular parasagittal giant, intermediate and small triactines, b, subatrial sagittal triactines, c, atrial tetractines (trichoxeas from the fringe not shown)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951030/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 52a</figureCitation>
), equiangular with unequal length actines (parasagittal), 990
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFB791892FB70797B" box="[1176,1218,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">164</emphasis>
02010 x 66
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFABC1892FA3C797B" box="[1373,1422,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">84.2</emphasis>
120 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF261B2AFB9D79E7" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Medium-sized triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95CFFDCFE091B2AFDFA7903" box="[488,584,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,589,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-218@72.[191,1395,589,1849]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 52. Anamixilla torresi Poléjaeff (1883), RMNH Por. 6572, SEM images of spicules, a, equiangular parasagittal giant, intermediate and small triactines, b, subatrial sagittal triactines, c, atrial tetractines (trichoxeas from the fringe not shown)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951030/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 52b</figureCitation>
) with unequal length actines (parasagittal), usually with an unpaired actine longer than both unequal length paired actines, 330
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFD021B01FC9079E6" box="[739,802,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">471.3</emphasis>
602 x 13
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFC411B01FC6379E6" box="[928,977,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">24.7</emphasis>
35 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF261BE2FD3B7993" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Tetractines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95CFFDCFEB01BE2FE0179CB" box="[337,435,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,589,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-218@72.[191,1395,589,1849]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 52. Anamixilla torresi Poléjaeff (1883), RMNH Por. 6572, SEM images of spicules, a, equiangular parasagittal giant, intermediate and small triactines, b, subatrial sagittal triactines, c, atrial tetractines (trichoxeas from the fringe not shown)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951030/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 52c</figureCitation>
), with unpaired actines usually shorter than the paired actines, in a large size range from giant-sized to small, 30
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFE4A1BD9FE5879AE" box="[427,490,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">394.1</emphasis>
690 x 2
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFDBA1BD9FD3E79AE" box="[603,652,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">16.6</emphasis>
24 µm, paired actines 50
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFC5F1BD9FC4F79AE" box="[958,1021,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">590.6</emphasis>
900 x 2
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFB8C1BD9FB2C79AE" box="[1133,1182,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">16.1</emphasis>
20 µm, apical actines approximately 3153.890 x 7
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFE1D1BBAFD997993" box="[508,555,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">11.3</emphasis>
19 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF261B91FF52785B" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Trichoxeas, in bundles or loose, mostly broken, up to at least 300 x 2.5 µm (only observed in RMNH Por. 6572).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA95CFFDCFF261A29FCEA7838" box="[199,856,836,861]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF261A29FCEA7838" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,856,836,861]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFF261A29FE96783E" bold="true" box="[199,292,836,861]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ecology</emphasis>
. Mostly in the deeper reef environment,
<quantity id="6A549B51A95CFFDCFD0F1A29FCE67838" box="[750,852,836,861]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">2040 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA95CFFDCFF261A0AFC4178E3" box="[199,1011,871,896]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF261A0AFC4178E3" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,1011,871,896]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFF261A0AFEEB78E3" bold="true" box="[199,345,871,896]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95CFFDCFE861A0AFE6578E3" box="[359,471,871,896]" name="Indonesia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, elsewhere North
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95CFFDCFD401A0AFCBA78E3" box="[673,776,871,896]" name="Australia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95CFFDCFCDF1A05FC5D78E3" box="[830,1007,871,896]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA95CFFDCFF261AE1FCDB78A4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95CFFDCFF261AE1FCDB78A4" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95CFFDCFF261AE1FE8678C6" bold="true" box="[199,308,908,933]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Remarks</emphasis>
. This material generally conforms closely to Poléjaeff's description, and to brief characterizations of Burton and Borojevic. The species is apparently not uncommon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA95AFFDAFF761FA5FD9B7D81" box="[151,553,1736,1762]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95AFFDAFF761FA5FD9B7D81" blockId="79.[151,553,1736,1796]" box="[151,553,1736,1762]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<heading id="F65B81D8A95AFFDAFF761FA5FD9B7D81" bold="true" box="[151,553,1736,1762]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A95AFFDAFF761FA5FD9B7D81" ID-CoL="53LNC" authority="(Burton, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[151,553,1736,1762]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95AFFDAFF761FA5FD9B7D81" bold="true" box="[151,553,1736,1762]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95AFFDAFF761FA5FED97D81" bold="true" box="[151,363,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Sycettusa sibogae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A95AFFDAFE9A1FA5FD937D81" author="Burton, M." box="[379,545,1736,1762]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref53677" refString="Burton, M. (1930) The Porifera of the Siboga Expedition. III. Calcarea. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman. III (Monographie VIa 2). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1-18." type="book chapter" year="1930">Burton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA95AFFDAFF761F86FE357C67" box="[151,391,1771,1796]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95AFFDAFF761F86FE357C67" blockId="79.[151,553,1736,1796]" box="[151,391,1771,1796]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95AFFDAFF761F86FE8A7C67" box="[151,312,1771,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="79.[150,249,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-289@79.[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 58. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, a, habitus of preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), bd, BMNH 1929.8.30.2a slides of holotype, b, cross section showing inarticulate skeleton made up of the paired actines of pseudosagittal triactines on the outside covered by the paired actines of regular giant triactines, on the atrial side with a cover of atrial sagittal triactines (scale bar = 500 µm), c, tangential view of the skeleton of the oscule showing a short fringe of trichoxeas (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of the peripheral skeleton showing giant cortical triactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951044/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figures 58ad</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A95AFFDAFEA51F86FE357C67" box="[324,391,1771,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1461,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@80.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 59. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, SEM images of the spicules, a, giant and intermediate regular triactines, b, sagittal triactines, c, pseudosagittal triactines (diactines of the oscular fringe were not available for SEM study)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951049/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">59ac</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA95AFFDAFF761E5EFD0E7C04" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95AFFDAFF761E5EFDB37C2A" blockId="79.[151,700,1843,1895]" box="[151,513,1843,1865]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBC119AA95AFFDAFF761E5EFDB37C2A" box="[151,513,1843,1865]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A95AFFDAFF761E5EFE4E7C2A" author="Burton, M." box="[151,508,1843,1865]" page="4" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1930">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A95AFFDAFF761E5EFE4E7C2A" ID-CoL="3H86X" authority="Burton, 1930: 4" authorityName="Burton" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,508,1843,1865]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Grantessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95AFFDAFF761E5EFEE67C2A" box="[151,340,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Grantessa sibogae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A95AFFDAFEBB1E5EFE4E7C2A" author="Burton, M." box="[346,508,1843,1865]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref53677" refString="Burton, M. (1930) The Porifera of the Siboga Expedition. III. Calcarea. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman. III (Monographie VIa 2). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1-18." type="book chapter" year="1930">Burton, 1930: 4</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95AFFDAFF761E3CFD0E7C04" blockId="79.[151,700,1843,1895]" box="[151,700,1873,1895]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBC119AA95AFFDAFF761E3CFD0E7C04" box="[151,700,1873,1895]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
?
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A95AFFDAFF491E3CFEEF7C04" ID-CoL="53LNC" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[168,349,1873,1895]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95AFFDAFF491E3CFEEF7C04" box="[168,349,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Sycettusa sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A95AFFDAFE8B1E3FFDDB7C04" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Kaiser, K. &amp; Van Syoc, R." box="[362,617,1873,1895]" page="40" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A95AFFDAFE8B1E3FFDDB7C04" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Kaiser, K. &amp; Van Syoc, R." box="[362,617,1873,1895]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref57164" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Kaiser, K. &amp; Van Syoc, R. (2011) Sponges from Clipperton Island, East Pacific. Zootaxa, 2839, 1-46." type="journal article" year="2011">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95AFFDAFE2E1E3FFDB07C04" box="[463,514,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 40
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 19.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA95AFFDAFF761EF9FDB07C96" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A95AFFDAFF761EF9FDB07C96" blockId="79.[151,1436,1940,2037]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A95AFFDAFF761EF9FECB7CCE" bold="true" box="[151,377,1940,1965]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="1DC43CE9A95AFFDAFE671EF9FDB07C96" collectingDate="1899-06-10" collectionCode="ZMA, BMNH" collectorName="Siboga Expedition" country="Indonesia" elevation="59" latitude="-3.45" location="Borneo Bank" longLatPrecision="5573" longitude="117.6" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="72178816A95AFFDAFE671EF9FE5C7CCE" box="[390,494,1940,1965]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95AFFDAFE141EF9FD817CCE" box="[501,563,1940,1965]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 00148,
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A95AFFDAFD201EF9FC837CCE" box="[705,817,1940,1965]" name="Indonesia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="A873606FA95AFFDAFCDD1EF8FC617CCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:250587A2A95AFFC4FF761FA5FDF578E1:A873606FA95AFFDAFCDD1EF8FC617CCE" box="[828,979,1940,1965]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-3.45" longLatPrecision="5573" longitude="117.6" name="Borneo Bank" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" stateProvince="Kalimantan Utara">Borneo Bank</location>
, E of
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A95AFFDAFBF21EF9FB2B7CCE" box="[1043,1177,1940,1965]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Utara" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95AFFDAFB421EF9FB5D7CCE" box="[1187,1263,1940,1965]" degrees="3.45" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="555" value="-3.45">3.45°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8985073A95AFFDAFB171EF9FAE17CCE" box="[1270,1363,1940,1965]" degrees="117.6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="5555" value="117.6">117.6°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="6A549B51A95AFFDAFF761ED5FF677CB3" box="[151,213,1976,2001]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="59.0">
<elevation id="2681D187A95AFFDAFF761ED5FF677CB3" box="[151,213,1976,2001]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="59.0">59 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, dredge, bottom fine grey sand, coll.
<collectorName id="00595362A95AFFDAFD6F1ED5FCD37CB2" box="[654,865,1976,2001]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Siboga Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 077,
<date id="D9121074A95AFFDAFC3E1ED5FBCC7CB2" box="[991,1150,1976,2001]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1899-06-10">
<collectingDate id="C956E99CA95AFFDAFC3E1ED5FBCC7CB2" box="[991,1150,1976,2001]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1899-06-10">10 June 1899</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="CBBDAE71A95AFFDAFB6C1ED4FB537CB3" box="[1165,1249,1977,2000]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">BMNH</collectionCode>
1929.8.30.2a, 2 slides from
<typeStatus id="72178816A95AFFDAFEFA1EB1FE327C96" box="[283,384,2012,2037]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, same data.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F9D3663CA945FFC5FF761CD8FE767D6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14951049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951049/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,250,1461,1483]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" targetPageId="80" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A945FFC5FF761CD8FE767D6B" blockId="80.[151,1436,1461,1544]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A945FFC5FF761CD8FEA87EA9" bold="true" box="[151,282,1461,1483]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 59</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A945FFC5FEC91CD8FDCC7EA8" authority="(Burton, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[296,638,1461,1483]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A945FFC5FEC91CD8FE6C7EA8" box="[296,478,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Sycettusa sibogae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A945FFC5FE0D1CD8FDC57EA8" author="Burton, M." box="[492,631,1461,1483]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref53677" refString="Burton, M. (1930) The Porifera of the Siboga Expedition. III. Calcarea. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman. III (Monographie VIa 2). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1-18." type="book chapter" year="1930">Burton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, SEM images of the spicules, a, giant and intermediate regular triactines, b, sagittal triactines, c, pseudosagittal triactines (diactines of the oscular fringe were not available for SEM study).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA945FFC4FF261F5DFB3C7A06" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A945FFC5FF261F5DFC8E7DF2" blockId="80.[151,1436,1584,2005]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A945FFC5FF261F5DFEE37D2A" bold="true" box="[199,337,1584,1609]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Description</emphasis>
. A single thin-walled elongated tube (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A945FFC5FCC41F5DFC397D2A" box="[805,907,1584,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="79.[150,249,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-289@79.[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 58. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, a, habitus of preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), bd, BMNH 1929.8.30.2a slides of holotype, b, cross section showing inarticulate skeleton made up of the paired actines of pseudosagittal triactines on the outside covered by the paired actines of regular giant triactines, on the atrial side with a cover of atrial sagittal triactines (scale bar = 500 µm), c, tangential view of the skeleton of the oscule showing a short fringe of trichoxeas (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of the peripheral skeleton showing giant cortical triactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951044/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 58a</figureCitation>
), with terminal naked oscule (but examined microscopically, there is evidence of a very short fringe,
<figureCitation id="35972A31A945FFC5FCCD1F39FC3C7D0E" box="[812,910,1620,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="79.[150,249,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-289@79.[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 58. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, a, habitus of preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), bd, BMNH 1929.8.30.2a slides of holotype, b, cross section showing inarticulate skeleton made up of the paired actines of pseudosagittal triactines on the outside covered by the paired actines of regular giant triactines, on the atrial side with a cover of atrial sagittal triactines (scale bar = 500 µm), c, tangential view of the skeleton of the oscule showing a short fringe of trichoxeas (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of the peripheral skeleton showing giant cortical triactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951044/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 58c</figureCitation>
), size
<quantity id="6A549B51A945FFC5FC3B1F39FBA17D08" box="[986,1043,1620,1645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="6A549B51A945FFC5FB811F39FB1D7D08" box="[1120,1199,1620,1645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
diameter, whitish in alcohol, surface rough to the touch, consistency firm, brittle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A945FFC5FF261FF1FB887DD6" blockId="80.[151,1436,1584,2005]" box="[199,1082,1692,1717]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A945FFC5FF261FF1FE857DD6" bold="true" box="[199,311,1692,1717]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Histology</emphasis>
. Syconoid arrangement (assumed on the basis of genus assignment).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A945FFC5FF261FADFD9F7C0A" blockId="80.[151,1436,1584,2005]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A945FFC5FF261FADFE9F7DBA" bold="true" box="[199,301,1728,1753]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Inarticulate (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A945FFC5FE2D1FADFDE27DBA" box="[460,592,1728,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="79.[150,249,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-289@79.[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 58. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, a, habitus of preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), bd, BMNH 1929.8.30.2a slides of holotype, b, cross section showing inarticulate skeleton made up of the paired actines of pseudosagittal triactines on the outside covered by the paired actines of regular giant triactines, on the atrial side with a cover of atrial sagittal triactines (scale bar = 500 µm), c, tangential view of the skeleton of the oscule showing a short fringe of trichoxeas (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of the peripheral skeleton showing giant cortical triactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951044/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figs 58b, d</figureCitation>
), with a thick cortex of giant triactines, supported by the unpaired and the smaller paired actines of subcortical pseudosagittal triactines. Trichoxeas are found in a very short oscular fringe (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A945FFC5FF7E1E65FF4D7C42" box="[159,255,1800,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="79.[150,249,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-289@79.[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 58. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, a, habitus of preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), bd, BMNH 1929.8.30.2a slides of holotype, b, cross section showing inarticulate skeleton made up of the paired actines of pseudosagittal triactines on the outside covered by the paired actines of regular giant triactines, on the atrial side with a cover of atrial sagittal triactines (scale bar = 500 µm), c, tangential view of the skeleton of the oscule showing a short fringe of trichoxeas (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of the peripheral skeleton showing giant cortical triactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951044/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 58c</figureCitation>
) and are scattered in low abundance in the cortical region. The choanosomal skeleton is formed by the longer unpaired actines of the pseudosagittal spicules (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A945FFC5FCE91E41FC3C7C26" box="[776,910,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="79.[150,249,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-289@79.[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 58. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, a, habitus of preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), bd, BMNH 1929.8.30.2a slides of holotype, b, cross section showing inarticulate skeleton made up of the paired actines of pseudosagittal triactines on the outside covered by the paired actines of regular giant triactines, on the atrial side with a cover of atrial sagittal triactines (scale bar = 500 µm), c, tangential view of the skeleton of the oscule showing a short fringe of trichoxeas (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of the peripheral skeleton showing giant cortical triactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951044/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figs 58b, d</figureCitation>
). Atrial skeleton formed by multiple layers of smaller sagittal triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A945FFC5FE5F1E3DFD937C0A" box="[446,545,1872,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="79.[150,249,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-289@79.[151,1436,411,1330]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 58. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, a, habitus of preserved holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), bd, BMNH 1929.8.30.2a slides of holotype, b, cross section showing inarticulate skeleton made up of the paired actines of pseudosagittal triactines on the outside covered by the paired actines of regular giant triactines, on the atrial side with a cover of atrial sagittal triactines (scale bar = 500 µm), c, tangential view of the skeleton of the oscule showing a short fringe of trichoxeas (scale bar = 200 µm), d, detail of the peripheral skeleton showing giant cortical triactines and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951044/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 58d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A945FFC5FF261E19FB557CEE" blockId="80.[151,1436,1584,2005]" box="[199,1255,1908,1933]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A945FFC5FF261E19FE9B7CEE" bold="true" box="[199,297,1908,1933]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A945FFC5FEDF1E19FE097CEE" box="[318,443,1908,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1461,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@80.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 59. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, SEM images of the spicules, a, giant and intermediate regular triactines, b, sagittal triactines, c, pseudosagittal triactines (diactines of the oscular fringe were not available for SEM study)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951049/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figs 59ac</figureCitation>
) Giant triactines, pseudosagittal triactines, sagittal triactines, trichoxeas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A945FFC5FF261EF5FE647CB6" blockId="80.[151,1436,1584,2005]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
Giant triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A945FFC5FE601EF5FE537CD2" box="[385,481,1944,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1461,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@80.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 59. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, SEM images of the spicules, a, giant and intermediate regular triactines, b, sagittal triactines, c, pseudosagittal triactines (diactines of the oscular fringe were not available for SEM study)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951049/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 59a</figureCitation>
), equiangular, equiactinal, actines variable in size, 282
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A945FFC5FBB91EF5FB257CD2" box="[1112,1175,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">475.5</emphasis>
660 x 32
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A945FFC5FAF51EF5FAF77CD2" box="[1300,1349,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">36.8</emphasis>
44 µm (Burton gives 400 x 36 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A944FFC4FF2619FAFDC37BB7" blockId="81.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Atrial sagittal triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A944FFC4FE0F19FAFDE47BD3" box="[494,598,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1461,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@80.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 59. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, SEM images of the spicules, a, giant and intermediate regular triactines, b, sagittal triactines, c, pseudosagittal triactines (diactines of the oscular fringe were not available for SEM study)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951049/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 59b</figureCitation>
), equiangular, unpaired actines 100
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FBE919FAFBF57BD3" box="[1032,1095,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">128.3</emphasis>
165 x 7
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FB2319FAFB577BD3" box="[1218,1253,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">7.8</emphasis>
10 µm, paired actines up to 50
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FEB419D1FE347BB6" box="[341,390,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">57.1</emphasis>
66 x 6.5
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FE1C19D1FD927BB6" box="[509,544,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">6.6</emphasis>
7 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A944FFC4FF2619B2FAED7A7F" blockId="81.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Pseudosagittal triactines (
<figureCitation id="35972A31A944FFC4FE0619B2FDFA7B9B" box="[487,584,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1461,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@80.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 59. Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930), holotype ZMA Por. 00148 from Kalimantan, SEM images of the spicules, a, giant and intermediate regular triactines, b, sagittal triactines, c, pseudosagittal triactines (diactines of the oscular fringe were not available for SEM study)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14951049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14951049/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 59c</figureCitation>
), variable in size, unpaired actines 66
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FC1E19B2FB8C7B9B" box="[1023,1086,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">166.7</emphasis>
240 x 14
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FB5C19B2FB5C7B9B" box="[1213,1262,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">17.3</emphasis>
22 µm, longer paired actines 129
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FE911869FE1D7A7E" box="[368,431,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">294.8</emphasis>
486 x 12
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FDCC1869FDEC7A7E" box="[557,606,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">18.8</emphasis>
22 µm, and shorter paired actines 51
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FBF21869FBE07A7E" box="[1043,1106,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">123.7</emphasis>
220 x 12
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FB311869FAB37A7E" box="[1232,1281,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">17.3</emphasis>
19 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A944FFC4FF26184AFB3C7A06" blockId="81.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Trichoxeas, straight, invariably broken, pieces varying between 50 and 500 x 1 µm (discovered only in the sections; probably because of their thinness these were not found in the SEM preparation).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA944FFC4FF261802FC847AEB" box="[199,822,367,392]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A944FFC4FF261802FC847AEB" blockId="81.[151,1436,151,789]" box="[199,822,367,392]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FF261802FE967AEB" bold="true" box="[199,292,367,392]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ecology</emphasis>
. Sandy bottom at
<quantity id="6A549B51A944FFC4FE111802FD987AE4" box="[496,554,367,392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="59.0">59 m</quantity>
depth beyond the reefs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA944FFC4FF2618F9FD087ACE" box="[199,698,404,429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A944FFC4FF2618F9FD087ACE" blockId="81.[151,1436,151,789]" box="[199,698,404,429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FF2618F9FEEB7ACE" bold="true" box="[199,345,404,429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A944FFC4FE8618F9FE657ACE" box="[359,471,404,429]" name="Indonesia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
;?
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A944FFC4FE0C18F9FD047ACE" box="[493,694,404,429]" name="Clipperton Island" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Clipperton Island</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA944FFC4FF2618DAFDF578E1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A944FFC4FF2618DAFCD079E0" blockId="81.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FF2618DAFE867AB3" bold="true" box="[199,308,439,464]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Remarks</emphasis>
. Among the species of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A944FFC4FDA318D5FD1E7AAC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[578,684,440,463]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FDA318D5FD1E7AAC" box="[578,684,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sycettusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the present species is unusual in possessing a cortical skeleton of giant triactines, with actines up to 600 µm.
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A944FFC4FD7F18B1FCF37A96" author="Burton, M." box="[670,833,476,501]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 693" refId="ref53769" refString="Burton, M. (1963) Revision of the classification of the calcareous sponges. London. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 1-693." type="book chapter" year="1963">Burton (1963)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized this species with Mauritian
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A944FFC4FAD318B1FEB0797B" baseAuthorityName="Schuffner" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sycilloide">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FAD318B1FEB0797B" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sycettusa sycilloide</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s (
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A944FFC4FEC11892FE69797B" author="Schuffner, O." box="[288,475,511,536]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="403 - 433" refId="ref56447" refString="Schuffner, O. (1877) Beschreibung einiger neuer Kalkschwamme. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 11, 403-433." type="journal article" year="1877">Schuffner, 1877</bibRefCitation>
) (originally as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A944FFC4FD751B6DFD5C7974" box="[660,750,512,535]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FD751B6DFD5C7974" box="[660,750,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sycortis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), without further comment. There are large differences in spicule sizes with this species, e.g. the subectosomal pseudosagittal triactines have the longer actine twice as large as in
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A944FFC4FF371B25FEF97903" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[214,331,583,608]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FF371B25FEF97903" box="[214,331,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">S. sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the triactines of the ectosomal cortex in contrast are much smaller than
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FB751B25FA9B7903" box="[1172,1321,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
in
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A944FFC4FB551B25FA9B7903" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1204,1321,583,608]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">S. sibogae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Together these differences are sufficient to keep the two species separate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A944FFC4FF261BFDFD387876" blockId="81.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A944FFC4FF261BFDFE6879CB" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Kaiser, K. &amp; Van Syoc, R." box="[199,474,655,680]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref57164" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Kaiser, K. &amp; Van Syoc, R. (2011) Sponges from Clipperton Island, East Pacific. Zootaxa, 2839, 1-46." type="journal article" year="2011">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FEA61BFCFE3679CB" box="[327,388,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
reported this species from
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A944FFC4FCC31BE2FC5F79CB" box="[802,1005,655,680]" name="Clipperton Island" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Clipperton Island</collectingCountry>
, East Pacific, depths
<quantity id="6A549B51A944FFC4FB111BE2FAEB79C4" box="[1264,1369,655,680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="24.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="17.0">1732 m</quantity>
, with hesitation (indicated as
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FE4E1BD9FE6779AE" box="[431,469,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">aff.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A944FFC4FE351BD9FD8F79AE" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[468,573,692,717]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FE071BD9FD8F79AE" box="[486,573,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This specimen consisted of a cluster of yellow-brown tubes (in alcohol), which have similar spiculation as
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A944FFC4FDCD1BB5FD167993" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[556,676,727,752]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Sycettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FDCD1BB5FD167993" box="[556,676,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">S. sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The cluster of tubes, the color (in alcohol) and the geographic distance make conspecificity not very likely.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A944FFC4FF761A05FDF578E1" blockId="81.[151,583,871,898]" box="[151,583,871,898]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FF761A05FDF578E1" bold="true" box="[151,583,871,898]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A944FFC4FF0F1A0AFDF578E1" authority="Lendenfeld, 1885" authorityName="Von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[238,583,871,898]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Grantessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A944FFC4FF0F1A0AFEDA78E2" bold="true" box="[238,360,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Grantessa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A944FFC4FE8E1A05FDF578E1" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[367,583,872,898]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1083 - 1150" refId="ref57267" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1885) A Monograph of the Australian Sponges (Continued). Part III. Preliminary description and classification of the Australian Calcispongiae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 1083-1150." type="journal article" year="1885">Lendenfeld, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A974FFF4FF761CBFFC907E8E" blockId="97.[151,802,1490,1517]" box="[151,802,1490,1517]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<heading id="F65B81D8A974FFF4FF761CBFFC907E8E" bold="true" box="[151,802,1490,1517]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A974FFF4FF761CBFFC907E8E" ID-CoL="7LQYM" authority="sensu Breitfuss, 1896" authorityName="sensu Breitfuss" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,802,1490,1517]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Grantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="capillosa" variety="longipilis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A974FFF4FF761CBFFC907E8E" bold="true" box="[151,802,1490,1517]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A974FFF4FF761CBFFEDB7E8F" bold="true" box="[151,361,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Grantia capillosa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A974FFF4FE441CBFFDA77E8F" bold="true" box="[421,533,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">longipilis</emphasis>
sensu Breitfuss, 1896
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="AD1336B4A974FFF4FF761F74FBC87D4C" blockId="97.[151,1146,1561,1583]" box="[151,1146,1561,1583]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBC119AA974FFF4FF761F74FBC87D4C" box="[151,1146,1561,1583]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A974FFF4FF761F74FE687D4C" ID-CoL="7LQYM" authorityName="sensu Breitfuss" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,474,1561,1583]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Grantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="capillosa" variety="longipilis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A974FFF4FF761F74FEF87D4C" box="[151,330,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Grantia capillosa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A974FFF4FE9B1F74FE687D4C" box="[378,474,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">longipilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A974FFF4FD2F1F74FC2E7D4C" author="Breitfuss, L. L." box="[718,924,1561,1583]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref53598" refString="Breitfuss, L. L. (1898) Kalkschwamme von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschender Gesellschaft, 24, 169-178." type="journal article" year="1898">Breitfuss, 1898: 174</bibRefCitation>
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(not:
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).
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA974FFF4FF761F31FB9A7D83" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
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Description: The specimens are cylindrical conical with terminal oval oscules. The surface is shaggy. The specimens are considerably larger than the Adriatic Sea
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specimen, as they had a length of
<quantity id="6A549B51A974FFF4FB041F12FAD67DF4" box="[1253,1380,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="48.5" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="40.0">4057 mm</quantity>
. The spicules consist of diactines, triactines and tetractines. It is unclear to which actual species this material belongs.
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A974FFF4FF761FA5FEEF7D83" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,349,1735,1760]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Grantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="capillosa">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A974FFF4FF761FA5FEEF7D83" box="[151,349,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Grantia capillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has had a checquered history and its present status is uncertain.
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<heading id="F65B81D8A977FFF7FF7619FAFDDD7BD1" bold="true" box="[151,623,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A977FFF7FF7619FAFDDD7BD1" ID-CoL="FK3L" authority="(Haeckel, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[151,623,151,178]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caespitosa">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FF7619FAFDDD7BD1" bold="true" box="[151,623,151,178]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FF7619FAFE147BD2" bold="true" box="[151,422,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Aphroceras caespitosa</emphasis>
(
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)
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<subSubSection id="E5B6653FA977FFF7FF7619B3FD527B97" box="[151,736,222,244]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD1336B4A977FFF7FF7619B3FD527B97" blockId="98.[151,736,222,244]" box="[151,736,222,244]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBC119AA977FFF7FF7619B3FD527B97" box="[151,736,222,244]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<treatmentCitation id="2C0D10A5A977FFF7FF7619B3FD697B97" author="Haeckel, E." box="[151,731,222,244]" page="185" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A977FFF7FF7619B3FD697B97" ID-CoL="6PSBK" authority="Haeckel, 1872: 185" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="185" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,731,222,244]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="alcicornis" variety="caespitosa">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FF7619B3FEC27B97" box="[151,368,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Leucandra alcicornis</emphasis>
var.
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<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A977FFF7FDF219B3FD697B97" author="Haeckel, E." box="[531,731,222,244]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 185</bibRefCitation>
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.
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Comment:
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A977FFF7FEF5184CFE427A59" author="Haeckel, E." box="[276,496,289,314]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref54995" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zweiBanden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1, 1 - 484, 2, 1-418; 3, pls 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel (1872: 185</bibRefCitation>
and 186) described this species as a variety of
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A977FFF7FC1B184CFB247A59" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1018,1174,289,314]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="113 - 114" refId="ref54849" refString="Gray, J. E. (1858) Description of Aphroceras, a new genus of calcareous Spongiadae brought from Hong-Kong by Dr. Harland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 26, 113-114." type="journal article" year="1858">Grays (1858)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A977FFF7FB7C184CFA277A59" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[1181,1429,289,314]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FB7C184CFA277A59" box="[1181,1429,289,314]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Aphroceras alcicornis</emphasis>
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. Haeckels Indonesian material from
<collectingRegion id="6F68F856A977FFF7FDDB182BFDDE7A3E" box="[570,620,326,349]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Java</collectingRegion>
was collected by Mulder. It is not certain that the present
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A977FFF7FAF81828FA2F7A3E" box="[1305,1437,325,350]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" rank="variety" variety="was">variety was</taxonomicName>
described from
<collectingCountry id="D5BB7624A977FFF7FEB21804FE727AE1" box="[339,448,361,386]" name="Indonesia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
as Haeckel did not clearly distinguish this
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A977FFF7FC301804FBD07AE1" box="[977,1122,361,386]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" rank="variety" variety="from">variety from</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A977FFF7FB8E1804FEBB7AC5" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="alcicornis" variety="cladocora">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FB8E1804FAD47AE1" box="[1135,1382,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Leucandra alcicornis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FF7618E0FEBB7AC5" box="[151,265,397,422]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">cladocora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mentioned on the same page, and later considered as the typical variety of
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A977FFF7FB6318E3FAA67AC5" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1154,1300,397,422]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FB6318E3FAA67AC5" box="[1154,1300,397,422]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">A. alcicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
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by
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A977FFF7FEF218DFFDB17AA9" author="Burton, M." box="[275,515,433,458]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 693" refId="ref53769" refString="Burton, M. (1963) Revision of the classification of the calcareous sponges. London. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 1-693." type="book chapter" year="1963">Burton (1963: 491)</bibRefCitation>
. The descriptions of both varieties are insufficiently detailed to recognize
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A977FFF7FF7618BBFE977A8E" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[151,293,470,493]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caespitosa">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FF7618BBFE977A8E" box="[151,293,470,493]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">A.caespitosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species. No material resembling
<taxonomicName id="6AAC4D37A977FFF7FCA218BBFC647A8D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[835,982,469,494]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FCA218BBFC647A8D" box="[835,982,469,494]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">A. alcicornis</emphasis>
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was found among our specimens. The identity of this species is unclear.
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A977FFF7FDEF1897FC907971" author="Ferrer Hernandez, F." box="[526,802,505,530]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="573 - 588" refId="ref54718" refString="Ferrer Hernandez, F. (1912) Notas sobre algunas esponjas de Santander. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia natural, 12, 573-588." type="journal article" year="1912">Ferrer Hernandez (1912)</bibRefCitation>
reported a sponge under the name
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<emphasis id="9FD8EAA6A977FFF7FB471894FA2E7972" box="[1190,1436,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Leucandra caespitosa</emphasis>
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from the Mediterranean, but Haeckels specimens were all from the Indo-Pacific. According to
<bibRefCitation id="C93D4B45A977FFF7FB251B73FA2E7955" author="Burton, M." box="[1220,1436,541,566]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 693" refId="ref53769" refString="Burton, M. (1963) Revision of the classification of the calcareous sponges. London. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 1-693." type="book chapter" year="1963">Burton (1963: 573)</bibRefCitation>
this is a
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.
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, pl. II fig. 7, pl. X figs 110;?
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Description: Poléjaeffs specimens were cup-shaped sponges with giant triactines, sagittal triactines, giant diactines, small diactines and microdiactines. Locality South East
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. The Indonesian record is based on a small fragment from
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reported by
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). The description is inadequate and the only spicule measurements concern the microdiactines of 2531 x 12 µm. The occurrence in
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of this remarkable species, which belongs to the order
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Baerida Borojevic
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2002c
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<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E43FFF2FF3AB1AFFEAD6A9C" box="[151,278,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2933" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3443" captionStartId-0="13.[151,264,1939,1961]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,264,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox-0="[200,1385,194,1898]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,373,1830]" captionTargetId-0="figure-61@13.[176,1411,179,1917]" captionTargetId-1="figure-178@15.[151,1436,373,1844]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURES 2933. Acanthosoma murreeanum. 29, Lectotype of Sastragala murreeana Distant, 1900, dorsal view; 30, same, ventral view; 31, same, labels; 32, male from China (Yunnan: Nanjian), dorsal view; 33, same, ventral view. © BMNH (2931). Scales in mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 3443. Male and female genitalia of Acanthosoma murreeanum. Fig. 34, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 35, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 36, same, dorsal view; Fig. 37, same, lateral view; Fig. 38, proctiger, dorsal view; Fig. 39, same, lateral view; Figs 4042, right paramere, three different views; Fig. 43, apex of abdomen of female, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950745" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950747" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14950745/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14950747/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 2943</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E43FFF2FE8FB1AFFEF76A9C" box="[290,332,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 157166" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,183,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-100@47.[151,1405,181,1853]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 157166. Mesosternal carina of Acanthosoma spp. Lateral view. Fig. 157, Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale (♂, Denmark); Fig. 158, A. labiduroides (♀, Japan: Hokkaido); Fig. 159, A. murreeanum (♂, China: Yunnan); Fig. 160, A. rufispinum (♂, Nepal); Fig. 161, A. laevicorne (♂, Vietnam); Fig. 162, A. nigricorne (♂, India: Uttarakhand); Fig. 163, same species (♂, Vietnam); Fig. 164, A. rufescens (♀, India: Punjab); Fig. 165, same species (♀, Laos); Fig. 166, A. alaticorne (♂, Nepal). Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950794/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">159</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E43FFF2FF3AB017FBB0690F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E43FFF2FF3AB017FB096B57" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,526]" box="[151,1202,258,280]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E43FFF2FF3AB017FB096B57" box="[151,1202,258,280]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FF3AB017FD856B57" author="Distant, W. L." box="[151,574,258,280]" page="228" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E43FFF2FF3AB017FD856B57" ID-CoL="7WSBV" authority="Distant, 1900: 228" authorityName="Distant" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,574,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murreeana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FF3AB017FEC26B57" box="[151,377,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sastragala murreeana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FED2B017FD856B57" author="Distant, W. L." box="[383,574,258,280]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="220 - 234" refId="ref37710" refString="Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - VI. Heteroptera: Dinidorinae, Phyllocephalinae, Urolabidinae, and Acanthosominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (32), 220-234." type="journal article" year="1900">Distant, 1900: 228</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E43FFF2FDE5B017FD126B57" box="[584,681,258,280]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
: N.
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E43FFF2FD7CB017FCBE6B57" box="[721,773,258,280]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">India</collectingCountry>
[now
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E43FFF2FCE8B017FC246B57" box="[837,927,258,280]" name="Pakistan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E43FFF2FC04B017FC4D6B57" box="[937,1014,258,280]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Punjab</collectingRegion>
]: Murree; BMNH!
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E43FFF2FF3AB034FBB46B78" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,526]" box="[151,1039,289,311]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E43FFF2FF3AB034FBB46B78" box="[151,1039,289,311]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E43FFF2FF3AB034FECC6B78" ID-CoL="7WSBF" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,375,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edessoides">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FF3AB034FECC6B78" box="[151,375,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sastragala edessoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FE1FB034FD846B78" author="Distant, W. L." box="[434,575,289,311]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="220 - 234" refId="ref37710" refString="Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - VI. Heteroptera: Dinidorinae, Phyllocephalinae, Urolabidinae, and Acanthosominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (32), 220-234." type="journal article" year="1900">Distant, 1900</bibRefCitation>
):
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FDFDB034FCF46B78" author="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[592,847,289,311]" page="174" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FDFDB034FCF46B78" author="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[592,847,289,311]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="25 - 29" refId="ref39391" refString="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Liu, S. L. (1977) Family Acanthosomatidae. In: Hsiao, T. Y., Ren, S. Z., Zheng, L. Y., Jing, H. L. &amp; Liu, S. L. (Eds.), A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Volume I. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 159 - 180, 300 - 302, plates 25-29. [iii + 330 pp., 52 plates, in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1977">Hsiao &amp; Liu (1977: 174)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Misidentification.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E43FFF2FF3AB055FD9D6B3B" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,526]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E43FFF2FF3AB055FD9D6B3B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FF3AB055FDE86B19" author="Liu, S. L." box="[151,595,320,342]" page="58" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1979">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E43FFF2FF3AB055FDE86B19" ID-CoL="7Q9JH" authority="Liu, 1979: 58" authorityName="Liu" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,595,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutangulata">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FF3AB055FE096B19" box="[151,434,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Acanthosoma acutangulata</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E43FFF2FE10B055FDE86B19" box="[445,595,320,342]" collectionCode="TMNH" country="China" location="New" municipality="Shennungchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hubei" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FE10B055FDE86B19" author="Liu, S. L." box="[445,595,320,342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="55 - 59" refId="ref41228" refString="Liu, S. L. (1979) Acanthosomatidae from West Hubei Province, China (Hemiptera). Entomotaxonomia, 1 (1), 55-59. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1979">Liu, 1979: 58</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 59.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E43FFF2FD20B055FD546B19" box="[653,751,320,342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E43FFF2FD50B055FCA96B1A" box="[765,786,320,341]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male"></specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E43FFF2FC8FB055FCD96B19" box="[802,866,320,342]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E43FFF2FCDCB055FC0A6B19" box="[881,945,320,342]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hubei</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E43FFF2FC6CB055FBEB6B19" box="[961,1104,320,342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Shennungchia</collectingMunicipality>
[= Shennongjia]; TMNH? (not found).
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FEBAB04BFD9D6B3B" bold="true" box="[279,550,350,372]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<location id="3F791F820E43FFF2FEBAB04BFEFC6B3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E43FFF2FF3AB182FBB0690F:3F791F820E43FFF2FEBAB04BFEFC6B3B" box="[279,327,350,372]" country="China" municipality="Shennungchia" name="New" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Hubei">New</location>
subjective synonym.
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E43FFF2FF3AB068FB506BDC" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,526]" box="[151,1259,381,403]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E43FFF2FF3AB068FB506BDC" box="[151,1259,381,403]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E43FFF2FF3AB068FE336BDC" ID-CoL="7WSBX" authorityName="Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,392,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoelongata">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FF3AB068FE336BDC" box="[151,392,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sastragala neoelongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FE38B068FDCE6BDC" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[405,629,381,403]" page="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FE38B068FDCE6BDC" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[405,629,381,403]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref36260" refString="Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A. (1979) Generic and supergeneric keys with reference to a check list of lower pentatomoid fauna of Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on their distribution and food plants. Supplement of the Entomological Society of Karachi, 4 (4), 1-50." type="journal article" year="1979">
Ahmad
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FE4BB06BFDA16BDC" box="[486,538,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(1979: 8
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 12, 46),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FD78B068FB986BDC" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[725,1059,381,403]" page="66" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FD78B068FB986BDC" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[725,1059,381,403]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="65 - 70" refId="ref36121" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1985) Aspects of anatomy of two species of Sastragala Amyot &amp; Serville (Pentatomoidea: Acanthosomatidae) of Pakistan with reference to phylogeny. Karachi University Journal of Science, 13 (1), 65-70." type="journal article" year="1985">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin (1985: 66)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Unavailable name.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E43FFF2FF3AB089FE1B6B9F" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,526]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E43FFF2FF3AB089FE1B6B9F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FF3AB089FD456BFD" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[151,766,412,434]" page="287" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1990">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E43FFF2FF3AB089FD456BFD" ID-CoL="7WSBX" authority="Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin, 1990: 287" authorityName="Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin" authorityPageNumber="287" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,766,412,434]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoelongata">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FF3AB089FE366BFD" box="[151,397,412,434]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sastragala neoelongata</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E43FFF2FE34B089FD456BFD" box="[409,766,412,434]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Pakistan" location="New" municipality="Murree" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Punjab" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FE34B089FD456BFD" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[409,766,412,434]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin, 1990: 287</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 291.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E43FFF2FCEBB089FC136BFD" box="[838,936,412,434]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E43FFF2FC1AB089FC776BFE" box="[951,972,412,433]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male"></specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E43FFF2FC71B089FB8D6BFD" box="[988,1078,412,434]" name="Pakistan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E43FFF2FBE9B089FB366BFD" box="[1092,1165,412,434]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Punjab</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E43FFF2FB30B089FB506BFE" box="[1181,1259,412,433]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Murree</collectingMunicipality>
; NHMUK.
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FAC1B089FE1B6B9F" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<location id="3F791F820E43FFF2FAC1B089FA276BFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E43FFF2FF3AB182FBB0690F:3F791F820E43FFF2FAC1B089FA276BFD" box="[1388,1436,412,434]" country="Pakistan" municipality="Murree" name="New" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Punjab">New</location>
subjective synonym.
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E43FFF2FF3AB0CCFEC66841" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,526]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E43FFF2FF3AB0CCFEC66841" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E43FFF2FF3AB0CCFEC36BA0" ID-CoL="7WSBM" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,376,473,495]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hampsoni">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FF3AB0CCFEC36BA0" box="[151,376,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sastragala hampsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FE64B0CCFDDB6BA0" author="Distant, W. L." box="[457,608,473,495]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="220 - 234" refId="ref37710" refString="Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - VI. Heteroptera: Dinidorinae, Phyllocephalinae, Urolabidinae, and Acanthosominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (32), 220-234." type="journal article" year="1900">Distant, 1900</bibRefCitation>
):
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FDD1B0CCFC336BA0" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[636,904,473,495]" page="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FDD1B0CCFC336BA0" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[636,904,473,495]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref36260" refString="Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A. (1979) Generic and supergeneric keys with reference to a check list of lower pentatomoid fauna of Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on their distribution and food plants. Supplement of the Entomological Society of Karachi, 4 (4), 1-50." type="journal article" year="1979">
Ahmad
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FD75B0CFFCAD6BA0" box="[728,790,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(1979: 8
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 11),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FC7BB0CCFAE96BA0" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[982,1362,473,495]" page="287" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FC7BB0CCFAE96BA0" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[982,1362,473,495]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin (1990: 287</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 288). Misidentification.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E43FFF2FF3AB320FD956825" blockId="14.[151,1436,565,832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E43FFF2FF3AB320FD956825" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E43FFF2FF3AB320FEC16804" ID-CoL="7WSBV" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,378,565,587]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murreeana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FF3AB320FEC16804" box="[151,378,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sastragala murreeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FE24B320FDFA6804" author="Distant, W. L." box="[393,577,565,587]" page="320" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FE24B320FDFA6804" author="Distant, W. L." box="[393,577,565,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref37755" refString="Distant, W. L. (1902) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota, vol. I. Heteroptera. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xxxviii + 438 pp." type="book" year="1902">Distant 1902: 320</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FCC2B320FB836804" author="Bergroth, E." box="[879,1080,565,587]" page="193" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FCC2B320FB836804" author="Bergroth, E." box="[879,1080,565,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="131 - 200" refId="ref36470" refString="Bergroth, E. (1908) Enumeratio Pentatomidarum post Catalogum bruxellensem descriptarum. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 15 (10), 131-200." type="journal article" year="1908">Bergroth 1908: 193</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FAEFB320FE966825" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." page="173" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FAEFB320FE966825" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref39911" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I. Cimicidae. Berlin, xl + 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy 1909: 173</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E43FFF2FF3AB367FC3768AB" blockId="14.[151,1436,565,832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E43FFF2FF3AB367FC3768AB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E43FFF2FF3AB367FEC168C7" ID-CoL="7WSBF" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,378,626,648]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edessoides">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FF3AB367FEC168C7" box="[151,378,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sastragala edessoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(misidentification):
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FDFDB367FD6368C7" author="Li, C. A." box="[592,728,626,648]" page="117" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FDFDB367FD6368C7" author="Li, C. A." box="[592,728,626,648]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="116 - 119" refId="ref40641" refString="Li, C. A. (1985) Record of bugs of three families (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatiade [sic], Urostylidae and Berytidae) collected in Shanxi. Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition), 1985, 116-119. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1985">Li 1985: 117</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, host plants, record),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FBF8B367FB5168C7" author="Liu, S. L." box="[1109,1258,626,648]" page="153" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FBF8B367FB5168C7" author="Liu, S. L." box="[1109,1258,626,648]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Liu 1987: 153</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key, records, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FEFCB384FD9968E8" author="Zhou, J. H. &amp; Zhao, S. X. &amp; Song, S. Y. &amp; Wu, C. B. &amp; Li, W. F." box="[337,546,657,679]" page="79" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FEFCB384FD9968E8" author="Zhou, J. H. &amp; Zhao, S. X. &amp; Song, S. Y. &amp; Wu, C. B. &amp; Li, W. F." box="[337,546,657,679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="72 - 80" refId="ref44824" refString="Zhou, J. H., Zhao, S. X., Song, S. Y., Wu, C. B. &amp; Li, W. F. (1992) List of harmful insects of Qiandongnan forest area. Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology, 20 (3), 72-80. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1992">
Zhou
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FE23B387FE7968E8" box="[398,450,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
1992: 79
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(record),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FD25B384FCBB68E8" author="Li, C. A." box="[648,768,657,679]" page="69" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FD25B384FCBB68E8" author="Li, C. A." box="[648,768,657,679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref40695" refString="Li, C. A. (1995) Sastragala edessoides. In: Zhang, S. M. (Ed.), Hemiptera (2). Economic insect fauna of China. Vol. 50. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 69-70. [xiii + 169 pp., XXIV plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Li 1995: 69</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, habitus, host plants, phenology, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FADEB384FE896889" author="Mai, G. Q." page="224" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FADEB384FE896889" author="Mai, G. Q." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref41687" refString="Mai, G. Q. (2001) Sastragala edessoides Distant. Entomological Knowledge (Kunchong Zhishi), 38 (3), 224. [in Chinese]" type="journal volume" year="2001">
<date id="4E186F990E43FFF2FADEB384FF466889" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2001-05">Mai 2001</date>
: 224
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, photo, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FD14B3A5FC016889" author="Liu, G. Q. &amp; Wang, H. J." box="[697,954,688,710]" page="274" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FD14B3A5FC016889" author="Liu, G. Q. &amp; Wang, H. J." box="[697,954,688,710]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="271 - 274" refId="ref41158" refString="Liu, G. Q. &amp; Wang, H. J. (2005) Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae. In: Yang, X. K. (Ed.), Insect fauna of Middle-West Qinling Range and South Mountains of Gansu Province. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 271-274. [ix + 1055 pp., in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="2005">Liu &amp; Wang 2005: 274</bibRefCitation>
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(record, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FB1CB3A5FA276889" author="Xue, H. J. &amp; Bu, W. J." box="[1201,1436,688,710]" page="227" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FB1CB3A5FA276889" author="Xue, H. J. &amp; Bu, W. J." box="[1201,1436,688,710]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="218 - 228" refId="ref44004" refString="Xue, H. J. &amp; Bu, W. J. (2006) Plataspidae, Scutelleridae, Tessaratomidae, Pentatomidae, Acanthosomatidae and Parastrachiidae. In: Li, Z. Z. &amp; Jin, D. C. (Eds.), Insects from Fanjingshan Landscape. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang, pp. 218-228. [6 + 6 + 780 pp., 8 unnumbered plates, in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="2006">Xue &amp; Bu 2006: 227</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FE47B3DAFD0668AB" author="Wang, R. &amp; Cao, T. W. &amp; Zhang, Z. J." box="[490,701,718,740]" page="59" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FE47B3DAFD0668AB" author="Wang, R. &amp; Cao, T. W. &amp; Zhang, Z. J." box="[490,701,718,740]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="58 - 61" refId="ref43562" refString="Wang, R., Cao, T. W. &amp; Zhang, Z. J. (2007) Hemiptera, Pentatomoidea in Shanxi Province. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 35 (7), 58-61. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="journal article" year="2007">
Wang
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FD86B3DAFDE568AB" box="[555,606,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
2007: 59
</bibRefCitation>
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(record, host plant).
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E43FFF2FF3AB3F8FE16694C" ID-CoL="7Q9JH" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,429,749,771]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutangulata">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FF3AB3F8FE16694C" box="[151,429,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Acanthosoma acutangulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FE11B3F8FDF7694C" author="Liu, S. L." box="[444,588,749,771]" page="132" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FE11B3F8FDF7694C" author="Liu, S. L." box="[444,588,749,771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="130 - 134" refId="ref41429" refString="Liu, S. L. (1992) Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae. In: Chen, S. (Ed.), Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region. Vol. 1. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 130-134. [xii + 865 pp., in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1992">Liu 1992: 132</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(records),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FD11B3F8FCF6694C" author="Liu, S. L." box="[700,845,749,771]" page="154" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FD11B3F8FCF6694C" author="Liu, S. L." box="[700,845,749,771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Liu 1987: 154</bibRefCitation>
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(in key, host plant, records, distribution, as
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FAA2B3F8FA27694C" box="[1295,1436,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">acutangulatta</emphasis>
[inadvertent error]),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FE35B219FDC8696D" author="Lei, C. L. &amp; Zhou, Z. B." box="[408,627,780,802]" page="42" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FE35B219FDC8696D" author="Lei, C. L. &amp; Zhou, Z. B." box="[408,627,780,802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref40510" refString="Lei, C. L. &amp; Zhou, Z. B. (Eds.) (1998) [List of the insects of Hubei Province.] Hubei Science and Technology Press, Wuhan, 650 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1998">Lei &amp; Zhou 1998: 42</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FCFEB219FC50696D" author="Hua, L. Z." box="[851,1003,780,802]" page="166" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FCFEB219FC50696D" author="Hua, L. Z." box="[851,1003,780,802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref39562" refString="Hua, L. Z. (2000) List of Chinese insects. Vol. I. Zhongshan University Press, Guangzhou, 2 + 7 + 448 pp." type="book" year="2000">Hua 2000: 166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, host plants, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FAEAB219FE23690F" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." page="166" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FAEAB219FE23690F" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref38579" refString="Gollner-Scheiding, U. (2006) Family Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1864. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, Ch. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 166-181. [xiii + 550 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2006">Göllner-Scheiding 2006: 166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E43FFF2FD33B23FFCD3690F" author="Cui, J. Z. &amp; Bai, M. &amp; Wu, H. &amp; Ji, L. Q." box="[670,872,810,832]" page="203" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E43FFF2FD33B23FFCD3690F" author="Cui, J. Z. &amp; Bai, M. &amp; Wu, H. &amp; Ji, L. Q." box="[670,872,810,832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref37216" refString="Cui, J. Z., Bai, M., Wu, H. &amp; Ji, L. Q. (2007) Catalogue of the insect type specimens deposited in China. Vol. 1. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 10 + 792 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2007">
Cui
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E43FFF2FD64B23EFD46690F" box="[713,765,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
2007: 203
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E43FFF2FCD8B23FFC19690F" box="[885,930,810,832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
material).
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View file

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<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E51FFE0FF3AB182FD966AFD" ID-CoL="7Q9K7" authority="Dallas, 1851" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,557,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forfex">
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<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF3AB182FE366AFE" bold="true" box="[151,397,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Acanthosoma forfex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FE38B18DFD966AFD" author="Dallas, W. S." box="[405,557,152,178]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref37470" refString="Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 368 pp., XI plates." type="book" year="1851">Dallas, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E51FFE0FF3AB1AFFEAF6A9C" box="[151,276,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8590" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9198" captionStartId-0="27.[151,264,1835,1857]" captionStartId-1="29.[151,264,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1408,206,1794]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1430,304,1885]" captionTargetId-0="figure-71@27.[151,1436,193,1814]" captionTargetId-1="figure-136@29.[151,1436,301,1897]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionText-0="FIGURES 8590. Lectotypes of Acanthosoma species and their labels. Fig. 85, A. distinctum Dallas, 1851, dorsal view; Fig. 86, same, ventral view; Fig. 87, same, labels; Fig. 88, A. forfex Dallas, 1851, dorsal view; Fig. 89, same, ventral view; Fig. 90, same, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 9198. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 91, A. forfex, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 92, genital capsule, ventral view; Fig. 93, same, dorsal view; Fig. 94, same, lateral view; Fig. 95, same, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 96, same, ventral view; Fig. 97, A. forficula, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 98, same, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950767" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950772" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14950767/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14950772/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 8596</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FF3AB017FDA56B57" author="Dallas, W. S." box="[151,542,258,280]" page="308" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1851">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E51FFE0FF3AB017FDA56B57" ID-CoL="7Q9K7" authority="Dallas, 1851: 308" authorityName="Dallas" authorityPageNumber="308" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,542,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forfex">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF3AB017FED96B57" box="[151,354,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Acanthosoma forfex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FEC5B017FDA56B57" author="Dallas, W. S." box="[360,542,258,280]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref37470" refString="Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 368 pp., XI plates." type="book" year="1851">Dallas, 1851: 308</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E51FFE0FD85B017FD396B57" box="[552,642,258,280]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
(s):
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E51FFE0FD0EB016FD036B57" box="[675,696,259,280]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male"></specimenCount>
, N.
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E51FFE0FD4FB017FCA26B57" box="[738,793,258,280]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">India</collectingCountry>
; BMNH!
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E51FFE0FF3AB034FB076B78" blockId="28.[151,1212,258,342]" box="[151,1212,289,311]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E51FFE0FF3AB034FB076B78" box="[151,1212,289,311]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FF3AB034FDF66B78" author="Dallas, W. S." box="[151,589,289,311]" page="304" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1851">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E51FFE0FF3AB034FDF66B78" ID-CoL="7Q9JV" authority="Dallas, 1851: 304" authorityName="Dallas" authorityPageNumber="304" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,589,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF3AB034FE2B6B78" box="[151,400,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Acanthosoma distinctum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FE3AB034FDF66B78" author="Dallas, W. S." box="[407,589,289,311]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref37470" refString="Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 368 pp., XI plates." type="book" year="1851">Dallas, 1851: 304</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E51FFE0FDFAB034FD0A6B78" box="[599,689,289,311]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
(s):
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E51FFE0FD7FB037FD5C6B78" box="[722,743,290,311]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male"></specimenCount>
, N.
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E51FFE0FCBDB034FCFC6B78" box="[784,839,289,311]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">India</collectingCountry>
; BMNH!
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FC01B034FB076B78" bold="true" box="[940,1212,289,311]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">New subjective synonym.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E51FFE0FF3AB055FB9E6B19" blockId="28.[151,1212,258,342]" box="[151,1061,320,342]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E51FFE0FF3AB055FB9E6B19" box="[151,1061,320,342]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E51FFE0FF3AB055FEC56B19" ID-CoL="7Q9K8" authorityName="Jakovlev" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,382,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficula">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF3AB055FEC56B19" box="[151,382,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Acanthosoma forficula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FE14B055FDEE6B19" author="Jakovlev, V. E." box="[441,597,320,342]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="385 - 398" refId="ref39717" refString="Jakovlev, V. E. (1880) Contributions to the fauna of bugs of Russia and the neighbouring countries. IV. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 55 (2), 385-398. [in Russian and German]" type="journal article" year="1880">Jakovlev, 1880</bibRefCitation>
):
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FDCBB055FCDE6B19" author="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[614,869,320,342]" page="175" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FDCBB055FCDE6B19" author="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[614,869,320,342]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="25 - 29" refId="ref39391" refString="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Liu, S. L. (1977) Family Acanthosomatidae. In: Hsiao, T. Y., Ren, S. Z., Zheng, L. Y., Jing, H. L. &amp; Liu, S. L. (Eds.), A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Volume I. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 159 - 180, 300 - 302, plates 25-29. [iii + 330 pp., 52 plates, in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1977">Hsiao &amp; Liu (1977: 175)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Misidentification.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E51FFE0FF3AB068FA216863" blockId="28.[151,1437,381,1016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E51FFE0FF3AB068FA216863" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E51FFE0FF3AB068FEDF6BDC" ID-CoL="7Q9K7" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,356,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forfex">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF3AB068FEDF6BDC" box="[151,356,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Acanthosoma forfex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FED9B068FDCC6BDC" author="Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W." box="[372,631,381,403]" page="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1853">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FED9B068FDCC6BDC" author="Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W." box="[372,631,381,403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref39065" refString="Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. (1853) Alphabetisch synonymisches Verzeichniss der wanzenartigen Insecten nebst historischer Uebersicht der einschlagigen Literatur. In: Die Wanzenartigen Insecten. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben, 9 (8), pp. 1-31, 1 - 104 and 9 (9), pp. 105 - 210. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg." type="book chapter" year="1853">Herrich-Schäffer 1853: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FCF4B068FBA96BDC" author="Walker, F." box="[857,1042,381,403]" page="394" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FCF4B068FBA96BDC" author="Walker, F." box="[857,1042,381,403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="241 - 417" refId="ref43417" refString="Walker, F. (1867) Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Scutata. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 241-417." type="book chapter" year="1867">Walker 1867: 394</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, record),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FB6CB068FAE36BDC" author="Stal, C." box="[1217,1368,381,403]" page="115" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1876">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FB6CB068FAE36BDC" author="Stal, C." box="[1217,1368,381,403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref42547" refString="Stal, C. (1876) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 5. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 14 (4), 1-162." type="journal article" year="1876">Stål 1876: 115</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as of unknown identity, listed, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FDFBB089FD4F6BFE" author="Distant, W. L." box="[598,756,412,434]" page="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FDFBB089FD4F6BFE" author="Distant, W. L." box="[598,756,412,434]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref37571" refString="Distant, W. L. (1879) Rhynchota. In: Scientific results of the second Yarkland mission; based upon the collections and notes of the late Ferdinand Stoliczka, PhD. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 15 pp., 1 plate." type="book" year="1879">Distant 1879: 7</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(record),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FCF6B089FBA26BFD" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[859,1049,412,434]" page="24" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FCF6B089FBA26BFD" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[859,1049,412,434]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="20 - 109" refId="ref36326" refString="Atkinson, E. T. (1889) Notes on Indian Rhynchota, Heteroptera, No. 5. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 58 (1), 20-109." type="journal article" year="1889">Atkinson 1889: 24</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(reproduction of original description, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FEF8B0AFFD246B9F" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[341,671,442,464]" page="253" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FEF8B0AFFD246B9F" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[341,671,442,464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref40555" refString="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G. (1893) Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome I. Heteropteres, Pentatomidae. F. Hayez, Bruxelles, x + 286 pp." type="book" year="1893">Lethierry &amp; Severin 1893: 253</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FC1FB0AFFBCB6B9F" author="Distant, W. L." box="[946,1136,442,464]" page="317" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FC1FB0AFFBCB6B9F" author="Distant, W. L." box="[946,1136,442,464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref37755" refString="Distant, W. L. (1902) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota, vol. I. Heteroptera. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xxxviii + 438 pp." type="book" year="1902">Distant 1902: 317</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FF6AB0CCFE2B6BA0" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[199,400,473,495]" page="171" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FF6AB0CCFE2B6BA0" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[199,400,473,495]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref39911" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I. Cimicidae. Berlin, xl + 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy 1909: 171</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FD37B0CCFCE26BA0" author="Stichel, W." box="[666,857,473,495]" page="770" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FD37B0CCFCE26BA0" author="Stichel, W." box="[666,857,473,495]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="769 - 800" refId="ref42587" refString="Stichel, W. (1962 a) Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen. II. Europa. (Hemiptera-Heteroptera Europae). 23. Heft. Liste der Palaarktischen Arten. Pentatomomorpha I [part] Vol. 4 (25). Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf, 32 pp. [pp. 769-800]" type="book chapter" year="1962">Stichel 1962a: 770</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FBCEB0CCFA9E6BA0" author="Stichel, W." box="[1123,1317,473,495]" page="251" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FBCEB0CCFA9E6BA0" author="Stichel, W." box="[1123,1317,473,495]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="187 - 362" refId="ref42644" refString="Stichel, W. (1962 b) Verzeichnis der palaarktischen Hemiptera-Heteroptera. IV. Pentatomomorpha (Coreoidea- Pentatomoidea). Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf, pp. 187-362." type="book chapter" year="1962">Stichel 1962b: 251</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FEFEB0EDFD8F6841" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[339,564,504,526]" page="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FEFEB0EDFD8F6841" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[339,564,504,526]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref36260" refString="Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A. (1979) Generic and supergeneric keys with reference to a check list of lower pentatomoid fauna of Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on their distribution and food plants. Supplement of the Entomological Society of Karachi, 4 (4), 1-50." type="journal article" year="1979">
Ahmad
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FE0BB0ECFE676841" box="[422,476,504,526]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
1979: 8
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 10 (listed, habitus, records, host plant, phenology), 46 (listed),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FA8BB0EDFECA6863" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Ahmad, I." page="25" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FA8BB0EDFECA6863" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Ahmad, I." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="21 - 34" refId="ref42372" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Ahmad, I. (1987) The food plants of four pentatomoid families (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae, Tessaratomidae, Urostylidae, and Dinidoridae). Phytophaga, 1, 21-34." type="journal article" year="1987">Schaefer &amp; Ahmad 1987: 25</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(host plant),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FE55B303FC856863" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[504,830,534,556]" page="271" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FE55B303FC856863" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[504,830,534,556]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin 1990: 271</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key, redescription, habitus, figures, records, host plant).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E51FFE0FF3AB320FC186804" blockId="28.[151,1437,381,1016]" box="[151,931,565,587]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E51FFE0FF3AB320FC186804" box="[151,931,565,587]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E51FFE0FF3AB320FED56804" ID-CoL="7VQ5K" baseAuthorityName="Dallas" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[151,366,565,587]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Lindbergicoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forfex">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF3AB320FED56804" box="[151,366,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lindbergicoris forfex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FED6B320FD196804" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[379,674,565,587]" page="179" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FED6B320FD196804" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[379,674,565,587]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref38579" refString="Gollner-Scheiding, U. (2006) Family Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1864. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, Ch. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 166-181. [xiii + 550 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2006">Göllner-Scheiding 2006: 179</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E51FFE0FF3AB341FE556889" blockId="28.[151,1437,381,1016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E51FFE0FF3AB341FE556889" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E51FFE0FF3AB341FE2A6825" ID-CoL="7Q9JV" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,401,596,618]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF3AB341FE2A6825" box="[151,401,596,618]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Acanthosoma distinctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FE33B341FD276825" author="Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W." box="[414,668,596,618]" page="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1853">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FE33B341FD276825" author="Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W." box="[414,668,596,618]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref39065" refString="Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. (1853) Alphabetisch synonymisches Verzeichniss der wanzenartigen Insecten nebst historischer Uebersicht der einschlagigen Literatur. In: Die Wanzenartigen Insecten. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben, 9 (8), pp. 1-31, 1 - 104 and 9 (9), pp. 105 - 210. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg." type="book chapter" year="1853">Herrich-Schäffer 1853: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FCD4B341FBA76825" author="Reuter, O. M." box="[889,1052,596,618]" page="75" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FCD4B341FBA76825" author="Reuter, O. M." box="[889,1052,596,618]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="67 - 86" refId="ref42230" refString="Reuter, O. M. (1881) Acanthosomina et Urolabidina nova et minus cognita. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 25 (1), 67-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18810250112" type="journal article" year="1881">Reuter 1881: 75</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, record),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FABFB341FF5668C7" author="Distant, W. L." page="316" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FABFB341FF5668C7" author="Distant, W. L." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref37755" refString="Distant, W. L. (1902) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota, vol. I. Heteroptera. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xxxviii + 438 pp." type="book" year="1902">Distant 1902: 316</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, habitus, figures, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FD45B367FC0268C7" author="Oshanin, B." box="[744,953,626,648]" page="168" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FD45B367FC0268C7" author="Oshanin, B." box="[744,953,626,648]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref42075" refString="Oshanin, B. (1906) Verzeichnis der palaearktischen Hemipteren, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Verteilung im Russischen Reiche. I. Band. Heteroptera. I. Lieferung. Pentatomidae-Lygaeidae. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, LXXIV + 393 pp. [Supplement to Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 11]" type="book" year="1906">Oshanin 1906: 168</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FB75B367FA2768C7" author="Oshanin, B." box="[1240,1436,626,648]" page="17" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FB75B367FA2768C7" author="Oshanin, B." box="[1240,1436,626,648]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref42133" refString="Oshanin, B. (1912) Katalog der palaarktischen Hemipteren (Heteroptera, Homoptera-Auchenorhyncha und Psylloideae). R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, XVI + 187 pp." type="book" year="1912">Oshanin 1912: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FE6AB384FDD768E8" author="Esaki, T." box="[455,620,657,679]" page="199" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FE6AB384FDD768E8" author="Esaki, T." box="[455,620,657,679]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="198 - 201" refId="ref38022" refString="Esaki, T. (1926) Notes on some species of Acanthosoma (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 23, 198-201." type="journal article" year="1926">Esaki 1926: 199</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(identity of previous records from
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E51FFE0FC7CB387FBB668E8" box="[977,1037,658,679]" name="Japan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Japan</collectingCountry>
, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FB0CB384FF566889" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." page="167" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FB0CB384FF566889" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref38579" refString="Gollner-Scheiding, U. (2006) Family Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1864. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, Ch. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 166-181. [xiii + 550 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2006">Göllner-Scheiding 2006: 167</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E51FFE0FF3AB3DBFEF0690F" blockId="28.[151,1437,381,1016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E51FFE0FF3AB3DBFEF0690F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E51FFE0FF3AB3DBFEC668AB" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,381,718,740]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF3AB3DBFEC668AB" box="[151,381,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Acanthosoma distincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FE26B3DBFD8568AB" author="Walker, F." box="[395,574,718,740]" page="393" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FE26B3DBFD8568AB" author="Walker, F." box="[395,574,718,740]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="241 - 417" refId="ref43417" refString="Walker, F. (1867) Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Scutata. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 241-417." type="book chapter" year="1867">Walker 1867: 393</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, record),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FD48B3DBFCCD68AB" author="Stal, C." box="[741,886,718,740]" page="113" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1876">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FD48B3DBFCCD68AB" author="Stal, C." box="[741,886,718,740]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref42547" refString="Stal, C. (1876) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 5. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 14 (4), 1-162." type="journal article" year="1876">Stål 1876: 113</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FBFCB3DBFAB768AB" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[1105,1292,718,740]" page="22" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FBFCB3DBFAB768AB" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[1105,1292,718,740]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="20 - 109" refId="ref36326" refString="Atkinson, E. T. (1889) Notes on Indian Rhynchota, Heteroptera, No. 5. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 58 (1), 20-109." type="journal article" year="1889">Atkinson 1889: 22</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(reproduction of original description, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FDF7B3F8FC16694C" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[602,941,749,771]" page="253" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FDF7B3F8FC16694C" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[602,941,749,771]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref40555" refString="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G. (1893) Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome I. Heteropteres, Pentatomidae. F. Hayez, Bruxelles, x + 286 pp." type="book" year="1893">Lethierry &amp; Severin 1893: 253</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FB65B3F8FA27694C" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[1224,1436,749,771]" page="171" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FB65B3F8FA27694C" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[1224,1436,749,771]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref39911" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I. Cimicidae. Berlin, xl + 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy 1909: 171</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FE64B219FD1E696D" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[457,677,780,802]" page="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FE64B219FD1E696D" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[457,677,780,802]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref36260" refString="Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A. (1979) Generic and supergeneric keys with reference to a check list of lower pentatomoid fauna of Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on their distribution and food plants. Supplement of the Entomological Society of Karachi, 4 (4), 1-50." type="journal article" year="1979">
Ahmad
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FDB1B219FDEB696D" box="[540,592,780,802]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
1979: 8
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 10 (listed, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FC51B219FAFC696D" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[1020,1351,780,802]" page="271" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FC51B219FAFC696D" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[1020,1351,780,802]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin 1990: 271</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E51FFE0FF3AB25CFCDE69B7" blockId="28.[151,1437,381,1016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E51FFE0FF3AB25CFCDE69B7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E51FFE0FF3AB25CFE3A6910" ID-CoL="7Q9K8" authorityName="Jakovlev" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,385,841,863]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficula">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF3AB25CFE3A6910" box="[151,385,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Acanthosoma forficula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(misidentification):
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FDFAB25CFCF46910" author="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[599,847,841,863]" page="175" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FDFAB25CFCF46910" author="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[599,847,841,863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="25 - 29" refId="ref39391" refString="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Liu, S. L. (1977) Family Acanthosomatidae. In: Hsiao, T. Y., Ren, S. Z., Zheng, L. Y., Jing, H. L. &amp; Liu, S. L. (Eds.), A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Volume I. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 159 - 180, 300 - 302, plates 25-29. [iii + 330 pp., 52 plates, in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1977">Hsiao &amp; Liu 1977: 175</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key, redescription, photo, figure, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FACBB25CFEA46931" author="Chao, H. F." page="51" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FACBB25CFEA46931" author="Chao, H. F." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref36801" refString="Chao, H. F. (1982) An annotated checklist of insects heretofore recorded from Fujian Province. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fuzhou, 2 + 2 + 658 pp. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="book" year="1982">Chao 1982: 51</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FED4B27DFE406931" author="Wu, L." box="[377,507,872,894]" page="38" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FED4B27DFE406931" author="Wu, L." box="[377,507,872,894]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref43636" refString="Wu, L. (Ed.) (1984) A list of agricultural and forest insects of Guizhou. Guizhou People's Publishing House, Guiyang, 7 + 271 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1984">Wu 1984: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(records, host plants),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FD4CB27DFC396931" author="Chen, Q. H." box="[737,898,872,894]" page="125" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FD4CB27DFC396931" author="Chen, Q. H." box="[737,898,872,894]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="115 - 127" refId="ref37032" refString="Chen, Q. H. (1985) The catalogue and geographical distribution of bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) in Zhejiang Province. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Zhejiangensis, 11 (1), 115-127. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1985">Chen 1985: 125</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FC71B27DFBC76931" author="Chen, Q. H." box="[988,1148,872,894]" page="107" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FC71B27DFBC76931" author="Chen, Q. H." box="[988,1148,872,894]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref37078" refString="Chen, Q. H. (Ed.) (1990) [Plant diseases and harmful insects of Zhejiang. Insects. Vol. 1.] Sanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai, 3 + 264 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1990">Chen 1990: 107</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, records, host plant, phenology),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FE25B293FDDA69D3" author="Lei, C. L. &amp; Zhou, Z. B." box="[392,609,902,924]" page="43" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FE25B293FDDA69D3" author="Lei, C. L. &amp; Zhou, Z. B." box="[392,609,902,924]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref40510" refString="Lei, C. L. &amp; Zhou, Z. B. (Eds.) (1998) [List of the insects of Hubei Province.] Hubei Science and Technology Press, Wuhan, 650 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1998">Lei &amp; Zhou 1998: 43</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FD13B293FCF469D3" author="Liu, S. L." box="[702,847,902,924]" page="132" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FD13B293FCF469D3" author="Liu, S. L." box="[702,847,902,924]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="130 - 134" refId="ref41429" refString="Liu, S. L. (1992) Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae. In: Chen, S. (Ed.), Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region. Vol. 1. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 130-134. [xii + 865 pp., in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1992">Liu 1992: 132</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(records, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FBECB293FA8869D3" author="Xiong, J. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[1089,1331,902,924]" page="201" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FBECB293FA8869D3" author="Xiong, J. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[1089,1331,902,924]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="201 - 202" refId="ref43940" refString="Xiong, J. &amp; Liu, S. L. (1993) Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Insects of Wuling Mountains Area, southwestern China. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 201-202. [x + 777 pp., in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1993">Xiong &amp; Liu 1993: 201</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(records),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FF6AB2B0FE3F69F4" author="Lin, Y. J. &amp; Zhang, S. M. &amp; Lin, Z." box="[199,388,933,955]" page="96" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FF6AB2B0FE3F69F4" author="Lin, Y. J. &amp; Zhang, S. M. &amp; Lin, Z." box="[199,388,933,955]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="95 - 104" refId="ref40903" refString="Lin, Y. J., Zhang, S. M. &amp; Lin, Z. (1999) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, B. K. (Ed.), Fauna of Insects, Fujian Province of China. Vol. 2. Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou, pp. 95-104. [2 + 2 + 3 + 806 pp., in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1999">
Lin
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FF5CB2B3FE9E69F4" box="[241,293,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
1999: 96
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, habitus, host plant, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FCDBB2B3FBB569F4" author="Hua, L. Z." box="[886,1038,933,955]" page="166" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FCDBB2B3FBB569F4" author="Hua, L. Z." box="[886,1038,933,955]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref39562" refString="Hua, L. Z. (2000) List of Chinese insects. Vol. I. Zhongshan University Press, Guangzhou, 2 + 7 + 448 pp." type="book" year="2000">Hua 2000: 166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution, host plants),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FA8FB2B0FE976995" author="Chen, C. &amp; Liu, G. Q." page="279" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FA8FB2B0FE976995" author="Chen, C. &amp; Liu, G. Q." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="278 - 279" refId="ref36843" refString="Chen, C. &amp; Liu, G. Q. (2001) Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae. In: Wu, H. &amp; Pan, C. W. (Eds.), Insects of Tianmushan National Nature Reserve. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 278-279. [xv + 764 pp., in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="2001">Chen &amp; Liu 2001: 279</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FDAAB2D1FD676995" author="Fang, Z. G. &amp; Wu, H." box="[519,732,964,986]" page="61" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FDAAB2D1FD676995" author="Fang, Z. G. &amp; Wu, H." box="[519,732,964,986]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref38232" refString="Fang, Z. G. &amp; Wu, H. (Eds.) (2001) A checklist of insects from Zhejiang. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 3 + 6 + 452 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2001">Fang &amp; Wu 2001: 61</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, host plant),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FC08B2D1FBCA6995" author="Ren, Y. &amp; Liu, M. S. &amp; Tian, H. &amp; Li, Z. J." box="[933,1137,964,986]" page="274" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FC08B2D1FBCA6995" author="Ren, Y. &amp; Liu, M. S. &amp; Tian, H. &amp; Li, Z. J." box="[933,1137,964,986]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref42165" refString="Ren, Y., Liu, M. S., Tian, H. &amp; Li, Z. J. (Eds.) (2006) Biodiversity, conservation and management of Taibaishan Nature Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 2 + 2 + 22 + 492 pp., 8 unnumbered plates. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2006">
Ren
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FC7EB2D1FBBD6995" box="[979,1030,964,986]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 274
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(record),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FB78B2D1FA276995" author="Wu, Y. F. &amp; Zhao, J. C. &amp; Cheng, J." box="[1237,1436,964,986]" page="409" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FB78B2D1FA276995" author="Wu, Y. F. &amp; Zhao, J. C. &amp; Cheng, J." box="[1237,1436,964,986]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref43673" refString="Wu, Y. F., Zhao, J. C. &amp; Cheng, J. (Eds.) (2006) Scientific survey and study on biodiversity in Hebei Maojingba Nature Reserve, China. Science Press, Beijing, vi + 470 pp., 10 unnumbered plates. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2006">
Wu
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FB53B2D1FA8A6995" box="[1278,1329,964,986]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 409
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FEB6B2F6FE5F69B7" author="Wu, Y. F. &amp; Zhao, J. C. &amp; Liu, B. Z." box="[283,484,994,1016]" page="375" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FEB6B2F6FE5F69B7" author="Wu, Y. F. &amp; Zhao, J. C. &amp; Liu, B. Z." box="[283,484,994,1016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref43731" refString="Wu, Y. F., Zhao, J. C. &amp; Liu, B. Z. (Eds.) (2007) Scientific investigation and biodiversity research in Hebei Liaohe River Source Nature Reserve. Science Press, Beijing, vi + 424 pp., 4 unnumbered maps. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2007">
Wu
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E51FFE0FEE8B2F6FEC369B7" box="[325,376,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
2007: 375
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E51FFE0FD92B2F7FCBD69B7" author="Cui, J. X. &amp; Cai, W. Z." box="[575,774,994,1016]" page="52" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E51FFE0FD92B2F7FCBD69B7" author="Cui, J. X. &amp; Cai, W. Z." box="[575,774,994,1016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="51 - 55" refId="ref37124" refString="Cui, J. X. &amp; Cai, W. Z. (2008) Hemiptera: Heteroptera. In: Shen, X. C. &amp; Lu, C. T. (Eds.), The fauna and taxonomy of insects in Henan. Vol. 6. Insects of Baotianman National Nature Reserve. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing, pp. 51-55. [1 + 4 + 4 + 431 pp., in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="2008">Cui &amp; Cai 2008: 52</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(record).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
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<mods:namePart id="93DB756B05A9546AA7CD01BAA04AB7A1">Tsai, Jing-Fu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FB756055079EBC56E2F110FCE4410068">Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3860188388B871BE1CD192C465EE12DE" type="email">jingfu.tsai@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5DFB18754EAF0352730ADF08B1A13A08" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D60D57699BFB34ACE9C0D40C1AF389DE">
<mods:roleTerm id="88F27DFCD441D5E83DC3E74CF9A93FC6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="27B9965AFE91C82C007C6C02432F7AAD">Rédei, Dávid</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F3FC2EC4B57E4BDC2285688ECEBC1B49">Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com &amp; Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, 300071 Tianjin, China. E-mail: david. redei @ gmail. com &amp; Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com &amp; Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H- 1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary &amp; Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="65553474534DB6B019ED578A748F7234" type="email">jingfu.tsai@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="58A7C431EEBF98EEA1825C5E22D29ED3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="09B2CD0F0B332A79A6B6C687F5252757" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F397A93CB532917A5BE739FE55D05F3D">
<mods:title id="D94EBFC6229035C98D27765F3218A718">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A333D9BFD3B3DD7145D181C1554C6D8F">
<mods:date id="7322143AA1C1BFDF8D78EF6E10731ED9">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4CD73FEB1BB616A3830D15D66EB3DD25" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F4780E841298F3CF65434A7358E1F1AC">2015-04-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="318CA4F93B664F5D278EA58B34CF636A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="78C009605B644E280B4462E8BF4305B7">3950</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1B3D6A0B89E0BE5D54B8B00819B69E2D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7E6D6B09B0A1A6749C629B59473576B1">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="8B777E429A908D196C61E3799E1BCD7D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="79D3C9C58E4BD188D2F298A4066C1A70">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="54AC470AA8B90558529FDDAC37040E28">60</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="1F0D9531E9D1B9A62149993785FE8488">
<mods:url id="46F76F972C1B9B23F75393244AE061C2">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3950.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="2BE4D9320DB2097AC8874D3A438E7603">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D963D49827BF9006A080E1A1E7071149" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3950.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BAB8EFA5CFB9C6E284B154B2135EE628" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F8BE011C03E62CA9AE5C131F0E993755" type="Zenodo-Dep">14950725</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="677235BE12E07A94A705C895643C115D" type="ZooBank">7BD5A413-6E0D-4A5C-ACCE-9FDDCDC974BF</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="B20FF84F0E58FFE9FF3AB059FD486F52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950755" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E58FFE9FF3AB059FD486F52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B20FF84F0E58FFE9FF3AB059FD486F52" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E58FFE9FF3AB059FCDB6B29" box="[151,864,332,358]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF3AB059FCDB6B29" blockId="21.[151,864,332,391]" box="[151,864,332,358]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="6151FE350E58FFE9FF3AB059FCDB6B29" bold="true" box="[151,864,332,358]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="4">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF3AB059FCDB6B29" bold="true" box="[151,864,332,358]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E58FFE9FF3AB059FDC06B29" ID-CoL="7Q9KG" authority="(Distant, 1900)" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,635,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hampsoni" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF3AB059FE006B29" bold="true" box="[151,443,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Acanthosoma hampsoni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E58FFE9FE67B059FDCF6B29" author="Distant, W. L." box="[458,628,332,358]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="220 - 234" refId="ref37710" refString="Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - VI. Heteroptera: Dinidorinae, Phyllocephalinae, Urolabidinae, and Acanthosominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (32), 220-234." type="journal article" year="1900">Distant, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="13E128300E58FFE9FD24B059FCDB6B29" box="[649,864,332,358]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E58FFE9FF3AB07BFEAE6BC8" box="[151,277,366,391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF3AB07BFEAE6BC8" blockId="21.[151,864,332,391]" box="[151,277,366,391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E58FFE9FF3AB07BFEAE6BC8" box="[151,277,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,210,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-69@20.[156,1432,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Lectotypes of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 57, Anaxandra tauriformis Distant, 1887, dorsal view; Fig. 58, ventral view; Fig. 59, labels; Fig. 60, Sastragala hampsoni Distant, 1900, dorsal view; Fig. 61, ventral view; Fig. 62, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950757/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 6062</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E58FFE9FF3AB0A3FD956867" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF3AB0A3FBD76B83" blockId="21.[151,1132,438,460]" box="[151,1132,438,460]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E58FFE9FF3AB0A3FBD76B83" box="[151,1132,438,460]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E58FFE9FF3AB0A3FD896B83" author="Distant, W. L." box="[151,562,438,460]" page="229" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E58FFE9FF3AB0A3FD896B83" ID-CoL="7WSBM" authority="Distant, 1900: 229" authorityName="Distant" authorityPageNumber="229" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,562,438,460]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hampsoni">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF3AB0A3FED66B83" box="[151,365,438,460]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sastragala hampsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E58FFE9FED9B0A3FD896B83" author="Distant, W. L." box="[372,562,438,460]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="220 - 234" refId="ref37710" refString="Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - VI. Heteroptera: Dinidorinae, Phyllocephalinae, Urolabidinae, and Acanthosominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (32), 220-234." type="journal article" year="1900">Distant, 1900: 229</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E58FFE9FD91B0A3FD2D6B83" box="[572,662,438,460]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
(s): [
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E58FFE9FD10B0A3FD4C6B83" box="[701,759,438,460]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">India</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E58FFE9FCACB0A3FCC46B83" box="[769,895,438,460]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
:] Nilgiri Hills; BMNH!
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF3AB0E1FD956867" blockId="21.[151,1436,500,552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E58FFE9FF3AB0E1FD956867" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E58FFE9FF3AB0E1FECB6845" ID-CoL="7WSBM" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,368,500,522]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hampsoni">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF3AB0E1FECB6845" box="[151,368,500,522]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sastragala hampsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E58FFE9FED2B0E1FD816845" author="Distant, W. L." box="[383,570,500,522]" page="320" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E58FFE9FED2B0E1FD816845" author="Distant, W. L." box="[383,570,500,522]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref37755" refString="Distant, W. L. (1902) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota, vol. I. Heteroptera. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xxxviii + 438 pp." type="book" year="1902">Distant 1902: 320</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E58FFE9FCC7B0E1FB8E6845" author="Bergroth, E." box="[874,1077,500,522]" page="193" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E58FFE9FCC7B0E1FB8E6845" author="Bergroth, E." box="[874,1077,500,522]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="131 - 200" refId="ref36470" refString="Bergroth, E. (1908) Enumeratio Pentatomidarum post Catalogum bruxellensem descriptarum. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 15 (10), 131-200." type="journal article" year="1908">Bergroth 1908: 193</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E58FFE9FAEFB0E1FE966867" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." page="173" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E58FFE9FAEFB0E1FE966867" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref39911" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I. Cimicidae. Berlin, xl + 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy 1909: 173</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E58FFE9FF3AB340FDCE696A" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF3AB340FBFD68F9" blockId="21.[151,1436,597,1309]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF3AB340FE056821" bold="true" box="[151,446,597,622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E58FFE9FE69B340FBFD68F9" collectionCode="T, BMNH" collectorName="Distant &amp; Distant's" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FE69B340FD816821" bold="true" box="[452,570,597,622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E58FFE9FE69B340FD816821" box="[452,570,597,622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(present designation):
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E58FFE9FC97B343FCEA6822" box="[826,849,598,621]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male"></specimenCount>
, “Type \ H.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E58FFE9FC7DB340FC5F6821" box="[976,996,597,622]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">T</collectionCode>
.” [pr circle with red border], “NILGIRI \ (HAMPSON)” [pr], “
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E58FFE9FE31B36CFE5468DD" box="[412,495,633,658]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distant</collectorName>
coll. \ 1911-383” [pr],
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E58FFE9FD51B36CFCC068DD" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[764,891,633,658]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hampsoni">“Hampsoni</taxonomicName>
\ Dist.” [
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E58FFE9FC4BB36CFBF768DD" box="[998,1100,633,658]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distants</collectorName>
hw]; pinned, segments IV of both antennae and some tarsal segments missing; deposited in
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E58FFE9FCF9B38BFC1368FA" box="[852,936,670,693]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BMNH</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E58FFE9FC1AB388FB8068F9" box="[951,1083,669,694]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,210,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-69@20.[156,1432,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Lectotypes of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 57, Anaxandra tauriformis Distant, 1887, dorsal view; Fig. 58, ventral view; Fig. 59, labels; Fig. 60, Sastragala hampsoni Distant, 1900, dorsal view; Fig. 61, ventral view; Fig. 62, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950757/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 6062</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF6AB3D1FDCE696A" blockId="21.[151,1436,597,1309]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF6AB3D1FDF46892" bold="true" box="[199,591,708,733]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E58FFE9FDF7B3D1FDD4696A" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="J. Dubreuil &amp; W. L. Distant" country="India" location="Trichinopoly" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FDF7B3D1FCF46892" bold="true" box="[602,847,708,733]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E58FFE9FDF7B3D1FD156892" box="[602,686,708,733]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E58FFE9FD13B3D1FCF46892" box="[702,847,708,733]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: “Inde Mér
<superScript id="CDD3E4110E58FFE9FC74B3D5FC5B6881" attach="left" box="[985,992,704,718]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">e</superScript>
” [Inde Méridionale = southern India],
<location id="3F791F820E58FFE9FF3AB3FDFE93694E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E58FFE9FF3AB059FD486F52:3F791F820E58FFE9FF3AB3FDFE93694E" box="[151,296,744,769]" country="India" name="Trichinopoly" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Trichinopoly</location>
[= Tiruchirappalli], leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E58FFE9FD93B3FCFD06694E" box="[574,701,744,769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J. Dubreuil</collectorName>
, coll.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E58FFE9FCACB3FCFC2B694E" box="[769,912,744,769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">W.L. Distant</collectorName>
1911-383 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E58FFE9FBB9B3FDFB87694F" box="[1044,1084,744,769]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E58FFE9FBE9B3FCFB23694F" box="[1092,1176,745,768]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BMNH</collectionCode>
).—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FB69B3FDFA2E694E" bold="true" box="[1220,1429,744,769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Unknown locality</emphasis>
, coll.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E58FFE9FF62B219FEE5696A" box="[207,350,780,805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">W.L. Distant</collectorName>
1911-383 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E58FFE9FE4CB219FDB2696C" box="[481,521,780,805]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E58FFE9FDBDB219FDDF696C" box="[528,612,780,803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E58FFE9FF6AB225FB786EFE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF6AB225FB6B69DE" blockId="21.[151,1436,597,1309]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF6AB225FEFA6906" bold="true" box="[199,321,816,841]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Pronotum, scutellum and corium with very coarse black punctation, head not punctated; antennal segments IIbIV black; humeral process yellowish, straight, directed laterally, apically pointed; genital capsule of male with a pair of long, broadly diverging, slightly curved projections posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E58FFE9FBEDB26DFB7F69DE" box="[1088,1220,888,913]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,210,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-69@20.[156,1432,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Lectotypes of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 57, Anaxandra tauriformis Distant, 1887, dorsal view; Fig. 58, ventral view; Fig. 59, labels; Fig. 60, Sastragala hampsoni Distant, 1900, dorsal view; Fig. 61, ventral view; Fig. 62, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950757/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 6061</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF6AB289FDCB6E6E" blockId="21.[151,1436,597,1309]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF6AB289FEAA69FA" bold="true" box="[199,273,924,949]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Notes.</emphasis>
This species was described from Southern
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E58FFE9FCABB289FC8469FA" box="[774,831,924,949]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">India</collectingCountry>
and has never been recorded again since its original description. For fixing the identity and facilitating recognition of this widely ignored species a
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E58FFE9FB6AB2D5FA956996" box="[1223,1326,960,985]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is hereby designated and its photographs are presented (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E58FFE9FD35B2F1FCA169B2" box="[664,794,996,1021]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,210,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-69@20.[156,1432,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Lectotypes of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 57, Anaxandra tauriformis Distant, 1887, dorsal view; Fig. 58, ventral view; Fig. 59, labels; Fig. 60, Sastragala hampsoni Distant, 1900, dorsal view; Fig. 61, ventral view; Fig. 62, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950757/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 6061</figureCitation>
). The species is hereby transferred to
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E58FFE9FB10B2F1FAEE69B2" box="[1213,1365,996,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FB10B2F1FAEE69B2" box="[1213,1365,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Acanthosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on arguments presented in the Discussion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF6AB539FB786EFE" blockId="21.[151,1436,597,1309]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The area of this species is rather isolated from those of all other species of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E58FFE9FB84B539FB7A6E0A" box="[1065,1217,1068,1093]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FB84B539FB7A6E0A" box="[1065,1217,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Acanthosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: it occurs in
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E58FFE9FAF6B539FF6F6E26" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
whilst no other species of the genus extends to the Indian Subcontinent except of marginal areas of the Himalayas. The species is morphologically also quite peculiar and would deserve a detailed study. Unfortunately it is rare in collections and the few specimens available to us did not allow a careful examination.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E58FFE9FF6AB5A9FD486F52" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF6AB5A9FD486F52" blockId="21.[151,1436,597,1309]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF6AB5A9FEDB6E9A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1212,1237]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is apparently restricted to southern India. Records from Pakistan (
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E58FFE9FAACB5A9FF696EB6" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref36260" refString="Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A. (1979) Generic and supergeneric keys with reference to a check list of lower pentatomoid fauna of Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on their distribution and food plants. Supplement of the Entomological Society of Karachi, 4 (4), 1-50." type="journal article" year="1979">
Ahmad
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FACDB5A8FA276E9A" box="[1376,1436,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
1979
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E58FFE9FF4CB5F5FD9B6EB6" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[225,544,1248,1273]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin 1990</bibRefCitation>
) are misidentifications and pertain to
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E58FFE9FC4EB5F5FAAE6EB7" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[995,1301,1248,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murreeanum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FC4EB5F5FAAE6EB7" box="[995,1301,1248,1273]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Acanthosoma murreeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above under the respective species).—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FE51B411FD516F52" bold="true" box="[508,746,1284,1309]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E58FFE9FE51B411FDEB6F52" box="[508,592,1284,1309]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E58FFE9FDF0B411FD516F52" box="[605,746,1284,1309]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
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<mods:title id="27508506F263164A317E2386F3ECD07A">Redefinition of Acanthosoma and taxonomic corrections to its included species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="3A1949590E5DFFECFF3AB7F9FCCB6D49" blockId="16.[151,880,1772,1831]" box="[151,880,1772,1798]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="6151FE350E5DFFECFF3AB7F9FCCB6D49" bold="true" box="[151,880,1772,1798]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5DFFECFF3AB7F9FCCB6D49" bold="true" box="[151,880,1772,1798]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5DFFECFF3AB7F9FD376D49" ID-CoL="7Q9L6" authority="(Distant, 1887)" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,652,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispinum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5DFFECFF3AB7F9FE706D49" bold="true" box="[151,459,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Acanthosoma rufispinum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5DFFECFE77B7F9FD3F6D49" author="Distant, W. L." box="[474,644,1772,1798]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="341 - 359" refId="ref37666" refString="Distant, W. L. (1887) Contributions to a knowledge of Oriental Rhynchota. Part 1. Fam. Pentatomidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1887 (3), 341-359, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1887">Distant, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="13E128300E5DFFECFD34B7F9FCCB6D49" box="[665,880,1772,1798]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5DFFECFF3AB61BFEF76D68" box="[151,332,1806,1831]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5DFFECFF3AB61BFEF76D68" blockId="16.[151,880,1772,1831]" box="[151,332,1806,1831]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5DFFECFF3AB61BFEAD6D68" box="[151,278,1806,1831]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 4446" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4756" captionStartId-0="17.[151,264,1270,1292]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,264,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,379,1248]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1434,188,1567]" captionTargetId-0="figure-458@17.[150,1436,379,1249]" captionTargetId-1="figure-220@18.[151,1436,185,1575]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURES 4446. Lectotype of Sastragala rufispina Distant, 1887 and its labels. Fig. 44, dorsal view; Fig. 45, ventral view; Fig. 46, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 4756. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma rufispinum. Fig. 47, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 48, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 49, same, posteroventral view; Fig. 50, same, dorsal view; Fig. 51, same, lateral view; Fig. 5255, right paramere, four different views; Fig. 56, apex of abdomen of female, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950751" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950753" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14950751/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14950753/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 4456</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5DFFECFE8FB61BFEF76D68" box="[290,332,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURES 157166" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,183,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-100@47.[151,1405,181,1853]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 157166. Mesosternal carina of Acanthosoma spp. Lateral view. Fig. 157, Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale (♂, Denmark); Fig. 158, A. labiduroides (♀, Japan: Hokkaido); Fig. 159, A. murreeanum (♂, China: Yunnan); Fig. 160, A. rufispinum (♂, Nepal); Fig. 161, A. laevicorne (♂, Vietnam); Fig. 162, A. nigricorne (♂, India: Uttarakhand); Fig. 163, same species (♂, Vietnam); Fig. 164, A. rufescens (♀, India: Punjab); Fig. 165, same species (♀, Laos); Fig. 166, A. alaticorne (♂, Nepal). Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950794/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">160</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5DFFEDFF3AB643FAB46B08" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5DFFECFF3AB643FC336D23" blockId="16.[151,1436,1878,2023]" box="[151,904,1878,1900]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E5DFFECFF3AB643FC336D23" box="[151,904,1878,1900]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5DFFECFF3AB643FD906D23" author="Distant, W. L." box="[151,555,1878,1900]" page="352" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1887">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5DFFECFF3AB643FD906D23" ID-CoL="7WSC5" authority="Distant, 1887: 352" authorityName="Distant" authorityPageNumber="352" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,555,1878,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5DFFECFF3AB643FEDC6D23" box="[151,359,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sastragala rufispina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5DFFECFEC1B643FD906D23" author="Distant, W. L." box="[364,555,1878,1900]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="341 - 359" refId="ref37666" refString="Distant, W. L. (1887) Contributions to a knowledge of Oriental Rhynchota. Part 1. Fam. Pentatomidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1887 (3), 341-359, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1887">Distant, 1887: 352</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5DFFECFD98B643FD346D23" box="[565,655,1878,1900]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
(s): North
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5DFFECFD5CB643FC936D23" box="[753,808,1878,1900]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">India</collectingCountry>
; BMNH!
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5DFFECFF3AB660FBCC6DC4" blockId="16.[151,1436,1878,2023]" box="[151,1143,1909,1931]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E5DFFECFF3AB660FBCC6DC4" box="[151,1143,1909,1931]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5DFFECFF3AB660FEEA6DC4" ID-CoL="7WSBS" authorityName="Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,337,1909,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5DFFECFF3AB660FEEA6DC4" box="[151,337,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sastragala minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5DFFECFEF3B660FD846DC4" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[350,575,1909,1931]" page="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5DFFECFEF3B660FD846DC4" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[350,575,1909,1931]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref36260" refString="Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A. (1979) Generic and supergeneric keys with reference to a check list of lower pentatomoid fauna of Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on their distribution and food plants. Supplement of the Entomological Society of Karachi, 4 (4), 1-50." type="journal article" year="1979">
Ahmad
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5DFFECFE02B663FE586DC4" box="[431,483,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
(1979: 8
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 12),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5DFFECFDD5B660FC146DC4" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Ahmad, I." box="[632,943,1909,1931]" page="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5DFFECFDD5B660FC146DC4" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Ahmad, I." box="[632,943,1909,1931]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="21 - 34" refId="ref42372" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Ahmad, I. (1987) The food plants of four pentatomoid families (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae, Tessaratomidae, Urostylidae, and Dinidoridae). Phytophaga, 1, 21-34." type="journal article" year="1987">Schaefer &amp; Ahmad (1987: 24)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Unavailable name.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5DFFECFF3AB681FE956D87" blockId="16.[151,1436,1878,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E5DFFECFF3AB681FE956D87" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5DFFECFF3AB681FD166DE5" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[151,685,1940,1962]" page="287" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1990">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5DFFECFF3AB681FD166DE5" ID-CoL="7WSBS" authority="Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin, 1990: 287" authorityName="Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin" authorityPageNumber="287" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,685,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5DFFECFF3AB681FEE96DE6" box="[151,338,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sastragala minuta</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5DFFECFEF7B681FD166DE5" box="[346,685,1940,1962]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Pakistan" location="New" municipality="Murree" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Punjab" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5DFFECFEF7B681FD166DE5" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[346,685,1940,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin, 1990: 287</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 290.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5DFFECFD41B681FCF56DE5" box="[748,846,1940,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5DFFECFCF4B681FCD56DE6" box="[857,878,1940,1961]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male"></specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5DFFECFCD7B681FC6F6DE5" box="[890,980,1940,1962]" name="Pakistan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5DFFECFC73B681FB9C6DE5" box="[990,1063,1940,1962]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Punjab</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E5DFFECFB9FB681FB3B6DE6" box="[1074,1152,1940,1961]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Murree</collectingMunicipality>
; NHMUK.
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5DFFECFB55B681FE956D87" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<location id="3F791F820E5DFFECFB55B681FA936DE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5DFFECFB55B681FA936DE5" box="[1272,1320,1940,1962]" country="Pakistan" municipality="Murree" name="New" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Punjab">New</location>
subjective synonym.
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5DFFECFF3AB6C4FBD76DA8" blockId="16.[151,1436,1878,2023]" box="[151,1132,2001,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E5DFFECFF3AB6C4FBD76DA8" box="[151,1132,2001,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5DFFECFF3AB6C4FEC26DA8" ID-CoL="7WSBV" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,377,2001,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murreeana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5DFFECFF3AB6C4FEC26DA8" box="[151,377,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sastragala murreeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5DFFECFE19B6C4FDFA6DA8" author="Distant, W. L." box="[436,577,2001,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="220 - 234" refId="ref37710" refString="Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - VI. Heteroptera: Dinidorinae, Phyllocephalinae, Urolabidinae, and Acanthosominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (32), 220-234." type="journal article" year="1900">Distant, 1900</bibRefCitation>
):
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5DFFECFDFFB6C4FC166DA8" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[594,941,2001,2023]" page="289" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5DFFECFDFFB6C4FC166DA8" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[594,941,2001,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin (1990: 289)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Misidentification.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5CFFEDFF3AB18DFADC6AA4" blockId="17.[151,1436,152,327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E5CFFEDFF3AB18DFADC6AA4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5CFFEDFF3AB18DFED36AE1" ID-CoL="7WSC5" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,360,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFF3AB18DFED36AE1" box="[151,360,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sastragala rufispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFED4B18DFD806AE1" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[377,571,152,174]" page="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFED4B18DFD806AE1" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[377,571,152,174]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="20 - 109" refId="ref36326" refString="Atkinson, E. T. (1889) Notes on Indian Rhynchota, Heteroptera, No. 5. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 58 (1), 20-109." type="journal article" year="1889">Atkinson 1889: 29</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(reproduction of original description, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFBF4B18DFA276AE1" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[1113,1436,152,174]" page="254" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFBF4B18DFA276AE1" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[1113,1436,152,174]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref40555" refString="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G. (1893) Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome I. Heteropteres, Pentatomidae. F. Hayez, Bruxelles, x + 286 pp." type="book" year="1893">Lethierry &amp; Severin 1893: 254</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFE62B1A3FD356A83" author="Distant, W. L." box="[463,654,182,204]" page="319" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFE62B1A3FD356A83" author="Distant, W. L." box="[463,654,182,204]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref37755" refString="Distant, W. L. (1902) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota, vol. I. Heteroptera. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xxxviii + 438 pp." type="book" year="1902">Distant 1902: 319</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFC69B1A3FB286A83" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[964,1171,182,204]" page="173" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFC69B1A3FB286A83" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[964,1171,182,204]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref39911" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I. Cimicidae. Berlin, xl + 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy 1909: 173</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFF6AB1C0FEC76AA4" author="Distant, W. L." box="[199,380,213,235]" page="148" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFF6AB1C0FEC76AA4" author="Distant, W. L." box="[199,380,213,235]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref37794" refString="Distant, W. L. (1918) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota - vol. VII. Homoptera: Appendix. Heteroptera: Addenda. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, viii + 210 pp." type="book" year="1918">Distant 1918: 148</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnostic characters, distribution, record),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFCEEB1C0FB316AA4" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[835,1162,213,235]" page="287" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFCEEB1C0FB316AA4" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[835,1162,213,235]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin 1990: 287</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5CFFEDFF3AB1E1FAB46B08" blockId="17.[151,1436,152,327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E5CFFEDFF3AB1E1FAB46B08" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5CFFEDFF3AB1E1FEC26B46" ID-CoL="7WSBV" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,377,244,266]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murreeana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFF3AB1E1FEC26B46" box="[151,377,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sastragala murreeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(misidentification):
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFDE5B1E1FCA66B45" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[584,797,244,266]" page="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFDE5B1E1FCA66B45" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[584,797,244,266]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref36260" refString="Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A. (1979) Generic and supergeneric keys with reference to a check list of lower pentatomoid fauna of Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on their distribution and food plants. Supplement of the Entomological Society of Karachi, 4 (4), 1-50." type="journal article" year="1979">
Ahmad
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFD34B1E1FD776B45" box="[665,716,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
1979: 8
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 12 (record, host plant),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFBCEB1E1FA206B45" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[1123,1435,244,266]" page="66" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFBCEB1E1FA206B45" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[1123,1435,244,266]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="65 - 70" refId="ref36121" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1985) Aspects of anatomy of two species of Sastragala Amyot &amp; Serville (Pentatomoidea: Acanthosomatidae) of Pakistan with reference to phylogeny. Karachi University Journal of Science, 13 (1), 65-70." type="journal article" year="1985">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin 1985: 66</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(anatomy, figures),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFE3DB007FD666B67" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[400,733,274,296]" page="169" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFE3DB007FD666B67" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[400,733,274,296]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="169 - 176" refId="ref36171" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1986) Eggs and immature characters of Sastragala murreeana Distant (Pentatomoidea: Acanthosomatidae) of Pakistan with reference to phylogeny. Biologia (Lahore), 32 (1), 169-176." type="journal article" year="1986">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin 1986: 169</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(figures, host plant, immatures),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFB9AB007FADA6B67" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Ahmad, I." box="[1079,1377,274,296]" page="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFB9AB007FADA6B67" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Ahmad, I." box="[1079,1377,274,296]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="21 - 34" refId="ref42372" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Ahmad, I. (1987) The food plants of four pentatomoid families (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae, Tessaratomidae, Urostylidae, and Dinidoridae). Phytophaga, 1, 21-34." type="journal article" year="1987">Schaefer &amp; Ahmad 1987: 23</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(host plant),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5CFFEDFEA3B024FDEE6B08" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[270,597,305,327]" page="287" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFEA3B024FDEE6B08" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[270,597,305,327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin 1990: 287</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key, distribution), 289 (redescription, figures, record, host plant).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6ED919D10E5CFFEDFF3AB5E3FD8E6F64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950751/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[151,264,1270,1292]" targetBox="[151,1436,379,1248]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5CFFEDFF3AB5E3FD8E6F64" blockId="17.[151,1436,1270,1323]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFF3AB5E3FC5D6F43" bold="true" box="[151,998,1270,1292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
FIGURES 4446. Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5CFFEDFE48B5E3FCF46F43" authority="Distant, 1887" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[485,847,1270,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFE48B5E3FD016F43" bold="true" box="[485,698,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sastragala rufispina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5CFFEDFD6DB5E3FCF46F43" author="Distant, W. L." box="[704,847,1270,1292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="341 - 359" refId="ref37666" refString="Distant, W. L. (1887) Contributions to a knowledge of Oriental Rhynchota. Part 1. Fam. Pentatomidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1887 (3), 341-359, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1887">Distant, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and its labels.
</emphasis>
Fig. 44, dorsal view; Fig. 45, ventral view; Fig. 46, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5CFFEDFF3AB447FC556DC8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5CFFEDFF3AB447FC1F6F98" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFF3AB447FD016F24" bold="true" box="[151,698,1362,1387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Type material examined.
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5CFFEDFE6AB447FD086F24" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[455,691,1362,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFE6AB447FD086F24" bold="true" box="[455,691,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sastragala rufispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFD6CB447FC1F6F98" collectionCode="T, BMNH" collectorName="Distant &amp; Distant's" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFD6CB447FC8C6F24" bold="true" box="[705,823,1362,1387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5CFFEDFD6CB447FC8C6F24" box="[705,823,1362,1387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(present designation):
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFB94B446FBF56F25" box="[1081,1102,1363,1386]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female"></specimenCount>
, “Type \ H.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFB7FB447FB5E6F24" box="[1234,1253,1362,1387]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
.” [pr circle with red border], “Col. \ Buckley” [gray circle, hw], “
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFD16B463FCB46FC0" box="[699,783,1398,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distant</collectorName>
coll. \ 1911-383” [pr], “rufispinus \ Dist.” [
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFB57B463FADA6FC0" box="[1274,1377,1398,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distants</collectorName>
hw]; pinned, both antennae, tibiae and tarsi of left fore, both mid, and right hind leg, tarsus of right fore leg, tarsal segment II of left hind leg lacking; deposited in
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFD1FB4AAFCBD6F99" box="[690,774,1471,1494]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5CFFEDFCB9B4ABFC236F98" box="[788,920,1470,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 4446" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1270,1292]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,379,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-458@17.[150,1436,379,1249]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 4446. Lectotype of Sastragala rufispina Distant, 1887 and its labels. Fig. 44, dorsal view; Fig. 45, ventral view; Fig. 46, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950751/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 4446</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5CFFEDFF6AB4F7FC556DC8" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFF6AB4F7FDF56FB4" bold="true" box="[199,590,1506,1531]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFDF5B4F7FA236FB4" box="[600,1432,1506,1531]" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="F. Stoliczka" country="Pakistan" location="Murree" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Punjab">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFDF5B4F7FCF66FB4" bold="true" box="[600,845,1506,1531]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5CFFEDFDF5B4F7FD5C6FB4" box="[600,743,1506,1531]" name="Pakistan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5CFFEDFD5BB4F7FCF66FB4" box="[758,845,1506,1531]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Punjab</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFCF2B4F6FC0F6FB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFCF2B4F6FC0F6FB5" box="[863,948,1507,1530]" country="Pakistan" name="Murree" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Punjab">Murree</location>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFC5BB4F6FB3B6FB4" box="[1014,1152,1506,1531]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F. Stoliczka</collectorName>
, F.S. 118 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFAACB4F7FA966FB5" box="[1281,1325,1506,1531]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFA9AB4F7FA2B6FB4" box="[1335,1424,1506,1531]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFF3AB712FC356C50" box="[151,910,1542,1567]" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Atkinson, B. M." country="Pakistan" location="Murree" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Punjab">
same locality and collector, coll.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFDABB713FD086C51" box="[518,691,1542,1567]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Atkinson, B.M.</collectorName>
92-6 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFD53B713FC9D6C51" box="[766,806,1542,1567]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFC81B713FC3E6C50" box="[812,901,1542,1567]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFC3AB712FE5B6C0C" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="W. L. Distant" country="Pakistan" location="Murree" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Punjab">
same locality and collector, coll.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFAABB712FA2C6C50" box="[1286,1431,1542,1567]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">W.L. Distant</collectorName>
, B.M. 1911-383 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFEFEB73FFEC16C0D" box="[339,378,1578,1603]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFE2CB73EFE6E6C0D" box="[385,469,1579,1602]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFE40B73FFEA36C28" collectingDate="1965-08-04" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="S. M. Khan" country="Pakistan" location="Tararkhel" municipality="Azad Kashmir" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Punjab">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFE40B73FFD276C0C" bold="true" box="[493,668,1578,1603]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E5CFFEDFE40B73FFD276C0C" box="[493,668,1578,1603]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Azad Kashmir</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFD07B73FFCAE6C0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFD07B73FFCAE6C0C" box="[682,789,1578,1603]" country="Pakistan" municipality="Azad Kashmir" name="Tararkhel" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Punjab">Tararkhel</location>
[= Tarar Khel], from grass,
<date id="4E186F990E5CFFEDFBE3B73FFB716C0C" box="[1102,1226,1578,1603]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1965-08-04">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E5CFFEDFBE3B73FFB716C0C" box="[1102,1226,1578,1603]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1965-08-04">4.viii.1965</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFAA8B73FFAC56C0C" box="[1285,1406,1578,1603]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S.M. Khan</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFA3DB73FFF176C29" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFF14B75BFEAB6C28" box="[185,272,1614,1639]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.—
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFE94B75BFAA96C28" box="[313,1298,1614,1639]" collectionCode="HNHM" collectorName="C. Rost" country="India" elevation="1524" location="Kulu" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFE94B75BFD3F6C28" bold="true" box="[313,644,1614,1639]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5CFFEDFE94B75BFE366C28" box="[313,397,1614,1639]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5CFFEDFE0DB75BFD3F6C28" box="[416,644,1614,1639]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFD35B75BFD6B6C28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFD35B75BFD6B6C28" box="[664,720,1614,1639]" country="India" name="Kulu" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Kulu</location>
[= Kullu],
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E5CFFEDFCF6B75BFC016C28" box="[859,954,1614,1639]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="5000.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E5CFFEDFCF6B75BFC016C28" box="[859,954,1614,1639]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5000 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFBAEB75BFBE66C29" box="[1027,1117,1614,1639]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. Rost</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFBD8B75BFB186C29" box="[1141,1187,1614,1639]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFB1DB75BFAB16C28" box="[1200,1290,1614,1639]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">HNHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFA8EB75BFDD66CC4" collectingDate="1961-06-21" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="P. W. Oman" country="India" location="Dalhousie" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFA8EB75BFA236C28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFA8EB75BFA236C28" box="[1315,1432,1614,1639]" country="India" name="Dalhousie" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Dalhousie</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E5CFFEDFF3AB767FEAA6CC4" box="[151,273,1650,1675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1961-06-21">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E5CFFEDFF3AB767FEAA6CC4" box="[151,273,1650,1675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1961-06-21">21.vi.1961</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFEE3B766FE766CC4" box="[334,461,1650,1675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P.W. Oman</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFE72B767FDB36CC5" box="[479,520,1650,1675]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFDA2B767FDDE6CC4" box="[527,613,1650,1675]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFDD4B767FD5A6CE0" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Dehra Dun, A. W &amp; Imms, B. M." country="India" location="United Prov. Forest Dept." municipality="Mussoorie" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFDD4B767FCAE6CC4" bold="true" box="[633,789,1650,1675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5CFFEDFDD4B767FCAE6CC4" box="[633,789,1650,1675]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E5CFFEDFC89B767FC216CC4" box="[804,922,1650,1675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mussoorie</collectingMunicipality>
[= Masūrī],
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFB84B767FAF76CC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFB84B767FAF76CC5" box="[1065,1356,1650,1675]" country="India" municipality="Mussoorie" name="United Prov. Forest Dept." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">United Prov. Forest Dept.</location>
,
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFAFAB767FEA96CE0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dehra Dun, A.W</collectorName>
.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFE89B782FE096CE1" box="[292,434,1687,1710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Imms, B.M.</collectorName>
1915-228 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFDE8B783FDCF6CE1" box="[581,628,1686,1711]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFD2FB782FD6D6CE1" box="[642,726,1687,1710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFD58B783FD506C9C" collectingDate="1910-10-16" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="A. W. Imms" country="India" county="Mussoorie" location="United Prov. Forest" municipality="Inoti" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<collectingCounty id="D37831D50E5CFFEDFD58B783FCD56CE0" box="[757,878,1686,1711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mussoorie</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E5CFFEDFC2DB783FC036CE0" box="[896,952,1686,1711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Inoti</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFC67B783FB096CE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFC67B783FB096CE1" box="[970,1202,1686,1711]" country="India" county="Mussoorie" municipality="Inoti" name="United Prov. Forest" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">United Prov. Forest</location>
Dept., Dehra Dun,
<date id="4E186F990E5CFFEDFF3AB7AFFEB26C9C" box="[151,265,1722,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1910-10-16">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E5CFFEDFF3AB7AFFEB26C9C" box="[151,265,1722,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1910-10-16">16.x.1910</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFEB9B7AFFE236C9D" box="[276,408,1722,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A.W. Imms</collectorName>
, B.M. 1915-228 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFDF3B7AFFD3D6C9D" box="[606,646,1722,1747]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFD21B7AEFD5B6C9D" box="[652,736,1723,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFD5AB7AFFA816C9C" box="[759,1338,1722,1747]" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Ollenbach &amp; Pusa" country="India" location="Dehra Dun" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFD5AB7AFFCCE6C9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFD5AB7AFFCCE6C9D" box="[759,885,1722,1747]" country="India" name="Dehra Dun" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Dehra Dun</location>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFC02B7AFFB9E6C9C" box="[943,1061,1722,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ollenbach</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFB82B7AEFBDF6C9D" box="[1071,1124,1723,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pusa</collectorName>
coll. (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFB00B7AFFB6E6C9D" box="[1197,1237,1722,1747]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFB76B7AEFA946C9D" box="[1243,1327,1723,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFAEBB7AFFB976CB8" collectionCode="R, BMNH" collectorName="Archer, B. M." country="India" elevation="1981" location="Chaubattia" municipality="Almora Dist." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E5CFFEDFAEBB7AFFF746CB8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Almora Dist.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFF71B7CBFEE36CB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFF71B7CBFEE36CB8" box="[220,344,1758,1783]" country="India" municipality="Almora Dist." name="Chaubattia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Chaubattia</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E5CFFEDFEC9B7CBFDBE6CB8" box="[356,517,1758,1783]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" metricValueMax="2.1336" metricValueMin="1.8288" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="6500.0" valueMax="7000.0" valueMin="6000.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E5CFFEDFEC9B7CBFDBE6CB8" box="[356,517,1758,1783]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" metricValueMax="2.1336" metricValueMin="1.8288" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="6500.0" valueMax="7000.0" valueMin="6000.0">60007000 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
, leg. S.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFDF5B7CBFDD46CB8" box="[600,623,1758,1783]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFDD1B7CBFCA96CB9" box="[636,786,1758,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Archer, B.M.</collectorName>
1920-175 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFC35B7CBFC796CB9" box="[920,962,1758,1783]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFC67B7CBFB986CB8" box="[970,1059,1758,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFB95B7CBFC806D54" collectingDate="1934-02-04" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="J. A. Graham" country="India" elevation="2377" location="Naini Tal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFB95B7CBFB1A6CB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFB95B7CBFB1A6CB8" box="[1080,1185,1758,1783]" country="India" name="Naini Tal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Naini Tal</location>
[= Nainital],
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E5CFFEDFA90B7CBFA2C6CB8" box="[1341,1431,1758,1783]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37744" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="7800.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E5CFFEDFA90B7CBFA2C6CB8" box="[1341,1431,1758,1783]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37744" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="7800.0">7800 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E5CFFEDFF3AB617FF466D54" box="[151,253,1794,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1934-02-04">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E5CFFEDFF3AB617FF466D54" box="[151,253,1794,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1934-02-04">4.ii.1934</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFE97B617FE706D54" box="[314,459,1794,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">J.A. Graham</collectorName>
, B.M. 1934-147 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFD39B617FD6F6D55" box="[660,724,1794,1819]" count="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFD71B616FC8B6D55" box="[732,816,1795,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFCE5B617FBF26D70" collectingDate="1946-05-22" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Uniyal Gaon &amp; Jai &amp; J. C. Lutz" country="India" county="Garhwal" elevation="1676" location="Uniyal" municipality="Saklana Tehri" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="20" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="11" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<collectingCounty id="D37831D50E5CFFEDFCE5B617FC106D54" box="[840,939,1794,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Garhwal</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E5CFFEDFC1AB617FBEE6D54" box="[951,1109,1794,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Saklana Tehri</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFBCDB617FB4F6D54" box="[1120,1268,1794,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Uniyal Gaon</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFB52B617FAA56D54" box="[1279,1310,1794,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Jai</collectorName>
K.
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFAE4B617FA236D54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFAE4B617FA236D54" box="[1353,1432,1794,1819]" country="India" county="Garhwal" municipality="Saklana Tehri" name="Uniyal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Uniyal</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E5CFFEDFF3AB633FF496D70" box="[151,242,1830,1855]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6764" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="5500.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E5CFFEDFF3AB633FF496D70" box="[151,242,1830,1855]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6764" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="5500.0">5500 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E5CFFEDFF52B633FED46D70" box="[255,367,1830,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1946-05-22">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E5CFFEDFF52B633FED46D70" box="[255,367,1830,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1946-05-22">22.v.1946</collectingDate>
</date>
, on leaves of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5CFFEDFDA3B633FD2C6D70" box="[526,663,1830,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFDA3B633FD2C6D70" box="[526,663,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Alnus nitida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFD4CB633FCF36D71" box="[737,840,1830,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">J.C. Lutz</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFCF4B633FC1C6D71" box="[857,935,1830,1855]" count="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">11 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFC02B633FC5C6D71" box="[943,999,1830,1855]" count="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">9♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFC5DB633FBFA6D70" box="[1008,1089,1830,1855]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.—
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFBC0B633FD816D2C" collectingDate="1962-05-17" collectingDateMax="1962-05-19" collectingDateMin="1962-05-17" collectionCode="NMPC" collectorName="G. Ebert" country="Nepal" elevation="1900" location="Jiri" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFBC0B633FB6A6D70" bold="true" box="[1133,1233,1830,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5CFFEDFBC0B633FB776D70" box="[1133,1228,1830,1855]" name="Nepal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFB74B633FB446D70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFB74B633FB446D70" box="[1241,1279,1830,1855]" country="Nepal" name="Jiri" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Jiri</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E5CFFEDFAA1B633FADF6D71" box="[1292,1380,1830,1855]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E5CFFEDFAA1B633FADF6D71" box="[1292,1380,1830,1855]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E5CFFEDFADFB633FEBC6D2C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1962-05-17" valueMax="1962-05-19" valueMin="1962-05-17">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E5CFFEDFADFB633FEBC6D2C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1962-05-17" valueMax="1962-05-19" valueMin="1962-05-17">17 19.v.1962</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFEEEB65FFE256D2C" box="[323,414,1866,1891]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. Ebert</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFE1DB65FFE636D2D" box="[432,472,1866,1891]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFE73B65FFD896D2C" box="[478,562,1866,1891]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NMPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFDE8B65FFEB36DC8" collectingDate="1983-08-09" collectionCode="SEHU" country="Nepal" elevation="1350" location="Malipu-Dolakha" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Janakpur">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5CFFEDFDE8B65FFD176D2C" box="[581,684,1866,1891]" country="Nepal" name="Janakpur" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Janakpur</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFD1AB65FFCC86D2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFD1AB65FFCC86D2C" box="[695,883,1866,1891]" country="Nepal" name="Malipu-Dolakha" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Janakpur">Malipu-Dolakha</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E5CFFEDFCD3B65FFBA16D2D" box="[894,1050,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1350.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1000.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E5CFFEDFCD3B65FFBA16D2D" box="[894,1050,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1350.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1000.0">10001700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E5CFFEDFB8BB65FFB196D2C" box="[1062,1186,1866,1891]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1983-08-09">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E5CFFEDFB8BB65FFB196D2C" box="[1062,1186,1866,1891]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1983-08-09">9.viii.1983</collectingDate>
</date>
, unknown collector (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFA3DB65FFF176DC9" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFF1EB67BFEBB6DC8" box="[179,256,1902,1927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">SEHU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5CFFEDFEBEB67BFC516DC8" box="[275,1002,1902,1927]" collectingDate="1968-06-17" collectionCode="T, SEHU" collectorName="Kumata" country="Nepal" location="Napal Valley" municipality="Godavari" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Janakpur">
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E5CFFEDFEBEB67BFEC56DC8" box="[275,382,1902,1927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Godavari</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E5CFFEDFE24B67BFDA76DC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5CFFEDFE24B67BFDA76DC8" box="[393,540,1902,1927]" country="Nepal" municipality="Godavari" name="Napal Valley" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Janakpur">Napal Valley</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E5CFFEDFD8AB67BFD1A6DC8" box="[551,673,1902,1927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1968-06-17">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E5CFFEDFD8AB67BFD1A6DC8" box="[551,673,1902,1927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1968-06-17">17.vi.1968</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFD70B67AFD4B6DC9" box="[733,752,1903,1926]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5CFFEDFD57B67AFCE86DC9" box="[762,851,1903,1926]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Kumata</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5CFFEDFCC8B67BFC366DC9" box="[869,909,1902,1927]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5CFFEDFC39B67BFC596DC8" box="[916,994,1902,1927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">SEHU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5CFFEDFF6AB687FE236DBC" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5CFFEDFF6AB687FE236DBC" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5CFFEDFF6AB687FEFA6DE4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1938,1963]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Recognized by its distinctly anterolaterally produced and apically rather obtuse humeri (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5CFFEDFA95B687FF0F6D80" captionStart="FIGURES 4446" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1270,1292]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,379,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-458@17.[150,1436,379,1249]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 4446. Lectotype of Sastragala rufispina Distant, 1887 and its labels. Fig. 44, dorsal view; Fig. 45, ventral view; Fig. 46, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950751/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 44 45</figureCitation>
) and particularly its male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5CFFEDFDFCB6A3FD6E6D80" box="[593,725,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 4756" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,188,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[151,1436,185,1575]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 4756. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma rufispinum. Fig. 47, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 48, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 49, same, posteroventral view; Fig. 50, same, dorsal view; Fig. 51, same, lateral view; Fig. 5255, right paramere, four different views; Fig. 56, apex of abdomen of female, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950753/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 4755</figureCitation>
). Pendergrasts organ of ventrite VI larger than that of ventrite VII, rounded (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5CFFEDFE9AB6CFFE306DBC" box="[311,395,2010,2035]" captionStart="FIGURES 4756" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,188,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[151,1436,185,1575]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 4756. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma rufispinum. Fig. 47, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 48, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 49, same, posteroventral view; Fig. 50, same, dorsal view; Fig. 51, same, lateral view; Fig. 5255, right paramere, four different views; Fig. 56, apex of abdomen of female, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950753/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6ED919D10E5FFFEEFF3AB729FAAD6CC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950753/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[151,264,1596,1618]" targetBox="[151,1434,188,1567]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5FFFEEFF3AB729FAAD6CC0" blockId="18.[151,1436,1596,1680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5FFFEEFF3AB729FCC16C1D" bold="true" box="[151,890,1596,1618]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
FIGURES 4756. Diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5FFFEEFDC5B729FCCF6C1D" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[616,884,1596,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispinum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5FFFEEFDC5B729FCCF6C1D" bold="true" box="[616,884,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Acanthosoma rufispinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Fig. 47, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 48, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 49, same, posteroventral view; Fig. 50, same, dorsal view; Fig. 51, same, lateral view; Fig. 5255, right paramere, four different views; Fig. 56, apex of abdomen of female, ventral view. Scales in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5FFFEFFF6AB7A2FC2768BF" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5FFFEEFF6AB7A2FDD26DCB" blockId="18.[151,1436,1719,2032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5FFFEEFF6AB7A2FD7C6C9F" bold="true" box="[199,711,1719,1744]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description of male and female terminalia.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5FFFEEFD60B7A2FCB56C9F" box="[717,782,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Male.</emphasis>
Genital capsule (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5FFFEEFC7FB7A2FBE86C9F" box="[978,1107,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 4756" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,188,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[151,1436,185,1575]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 4756. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma rufispinum. Fig. 47, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 48, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 49, same, posteroventral view; Fig. 50, same, dorsal view; Fig. 51, same, lateral view; Fig. 5255, right paramere, four different views; Fig. 56, apex of abdomen of female, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950753/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 4751</figureCitation>
) with a pair of short, broadly rounded lateral projections almost reaching apex of membrane in rest; dorsal rim with a broad, deep, U-shaped incision; apex of lateral projection with a pigmented denticle, dorsal infolding protruding basally, with a pair of pigmented ridges; ventral rim with a broad, rounded medial incision, with a pair of pigmented denticles laterally, and a pair of somewhat elongate, pigmented protuberances subapically. Paramere as in
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5FFFEEFB26B652FAB56D2F" box="[1163,1294,1863,1888]" captionStart="FIGURES 4756" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,188,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[151,1436,185,1575]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 4756. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma rufispinum. Fig. 47, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 48, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 49, same, posteroventral view; Fig. 50, same, dorsal view; Fig. 51, same, lateral view; Fig. 5255, right paramere, four different views; Fig. 56, apex of abdomen of female, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950753/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 5255</figureCitation>
. Segment X with a dorsoapical protusion (cf.
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5FFFEEFDA4B67EFDE76DCB" box="[521,604,1899,1924]" captionStart="FIGURES 4756" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,188,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[151,1436,185,1575]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 4756. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma rufispinum. Fig. 47, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 48, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 49, same, posteroventral view; Fig. 50, same, dorsal view; Fig. 51, same, lateral view; Fig. 5255, right paramere, four different views; Fig. 56, apex of abdomen of female, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950753/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5FFFEEFF6AB69AFAB66DA0" blockId="18.[151,1436,1719,2032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5FFFEEFF6AB69AFEA06DE7" box="[199,283,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5FFFEEFE84B69AFEC16DE7" box="[297,378,1935,1960]" captionStart="FIGURES 4756" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,188,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[151,1436,185,1575]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 4756. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma rufispinum. Fig. 47, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 48, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 49, same, posteroventral view; Fig. 50, same, dorsal view; Fig. 51, same, lateral view; Fig. 5255, right paramere, four different views; Fig. 56, apex of abdomen of female, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950753/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of ventrite VII with a deep, parabolic median incision surrounding valvifers VIII, margined with black, with a pair of black submedian patches submarginally; laterotergites IX obliquely directed and broadly separated along meson; posterior margin of laterotergites VIII shallowly arcuate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB182FA806B52" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF6AB182FEAA6AFF" bold="true" box="[199,273,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFEB7B182FDB96AFF" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[282,514,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFEB7B182FDB96AFF" box="[282,514,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sastragala rufispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5EFFEFFDA1B18DFA8C6B52" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" location="The" municipality="Discussion" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="syntype">
was described from North
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFCEDB182FCC16AFF" box="[832,890,151,176]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">India</collectingCountry>
based on an unspecified number of individuals (
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFF32B1A9FEBF6A9A" box="[159,260,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFEB3B1A9FE036A9A" author="Distant, W. L." box="[286,440,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="341 - 359" refId="ref37666" refString="Distant, W. L. (1887) Contributions to a knowledge of Oriental Rhynchota. Part 1. Fam. Pentatomidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1887 (3), 341-359, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1887">Distant 1887</bibRefCitation>
). A single female
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFD3EB1A9FD516A9B" box="[659,746,188,212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
was found in
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5EFFEFFC34B1A9FC566A9C" box="[921,1005,188,211]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BMNH</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5EFFEFFC52B1A9FB386A9A" box="[1023,1155,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 2933" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[200,1385,194,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-61@13.[176,1411,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 2933. Acanthosoma murreeanum. 29, Lectotype of Sastragala murreeana Distant, 1900, dorsal view; 30, same, ventral view; 31, same, labels; 32, male from China (Yunnan: Nanjian), dorsal view; 33, same, ventral view. © BMNH (2931). Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950745/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 2930</figureCitation>
) and it is designated as
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFF3AB1CAFEBA6AB7" box="[151,257,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
; several
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFEC9B1CAFDEA6AB7" box="[356,593,223,248]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">additional specimens</typeStatus>
of both sexes were examined from various localities of northern
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFA9EB1CAFAD66AB7" box="[1331,1389,223,248]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">India</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFF3AB011FF666B52" box="[151,221,260,285]" name="Nepal" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nepal</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="3F791F820E5EFFEFFF45B011FEA86B52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5DFFEFFF3AB7F9FC186912:3F791F820E5EFFEFFF45B011FEA86B52" box="[232,275,260,285]" country="India" municipality="Discussion" name="The" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">The</location>
species is hereby transferred to
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFDD1B011FCAE6B52" box="[636,789,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFDD1B011FCAE6B52" box="[636,789,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acanthosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on arguments presented in the
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E5EFFEFFB15B011FA8C6B52" box="[1208,1335,260,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Discussion</collectingMunicipality>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB032FE8A6B9F" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Based on several specimens from Murree of
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFD11B032FCC36B0F" box="[700,888,295,320]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Punjab Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFC2FB032FC5F6B0F" box="[898,996,295,320]" name="Pakistan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFC42B032FA8A6B0F" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[1007,1329,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin (1990)</bibRefCitation>
provided a detailed redescription of a species identified by them as
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFCEEB059FB516B2A" authority="Distant, 1900" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[835,1258,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murreeana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFCEEB059FBFA6B2B" box="[835,1089,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sastragala murreeana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFBE1B059FB516B2A" author="Distant, W. L." box="[1100,1258,332,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="220 - 234" refId="ref37710" refString="Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - VI. Heteroptera: Dinidorinae, Phyllocephalinae, Urolabidinae, and Acanthosominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (32), 220-234." type="journal article" year="1900">Distant, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Their text and illustrations, particularly those of the genitalia of the male leave no doubt that they misidentified
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFAA9B07AFE9E6BE3" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murreeanum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFAA9B07AFE9E6BE3" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acanthosoma murreeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and their record pertains to
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFDC0B081FCBC6BE2" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[621,775,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispinum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFDC0B081FCBC6BE2" box="[621,775,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. rufispinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We have examined specimens of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFB3AB081FA8A6BE2" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1175,1329,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispinum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFB3AB081FA8A6BE2" box="[1175,1329,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. rufispinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the same locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB0C9FB1B68E7" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Based on a single male also from Murree,
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFD1DB0C9FC426BBA" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[688,1017,476,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin (1990)</bibRefCitation>
described a new species,
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFA8EB0C9FF5E6858" authorityName="Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFA8EB0C9FF5E6858" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sastragala minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to their diagnosis it only differs from
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFCB8B315FB676857" authority="sensu Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin" authorityName="Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin" box="[789,1244,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murreana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFCB8B315FC246857" box="[789,927,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. murreana</emphasis>
sensu Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFAA9B0EAFEAB6872" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispinum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFAA9B0EAFEAB6872" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acanthosoma rufispinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by insignificant characters; its male genitalia, particularly the very characteristic genital capsule (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFF3AB352FDB7682F" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M." box="[151,524,583,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="267 - 304" refId="ref36217" refString="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. (1990) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with a cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267-304." type="journal article" year="1990">Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin 1990: 299</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 24), are identical with those of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFC18B35DFBF4682F" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[949,1103,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispinum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFC18B35DFBF4682F" box="[949,1103,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. rufispinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately we could not access the
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFEB9B379FEC268CA" box="[276,377,620,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but as the original description and illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFC66B379FB8C68CB" authorityName="Ahmad &amp; Moizuddin" authorityYear="1990" box="[971,1079,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFC66B379FB8C68CB" box="[971,1079,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
convincingly indicate that this species does not differ from
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFE7BB385FDD568E7" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[470,622,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufispinum">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFE7BB385FDD568E7" box="[470,622,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. rufispinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the synonymy of the two species seems justified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB3A1FC2768BF" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
We treat the specific epithet as an adjective (New Latin
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFCE5B3A1FC036882" box="[840,952,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">rufispinus</emphasis>
, -
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFC7CB3A0FC646883" box="[977,991,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">a</emphasis>
, -
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFC55B3A0FBA16883" box="[1016,1050,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">um</emphasis>
, meaning having red spine) and therefore we change the ending according to the gender of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5EFFEFFF6AB3E9FC186912" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB3E9FC186912" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF6AB3E9FEDB695A" bold="true" box="[199,352,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</emphasis>
Apparently a Himalayan species occurring in the mountainous regions of north Pakistan, India, and Nepal. It is reported from Nepal for the first time in the present paper.—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFBEAB20AFA846977" bold="true" box="[1095,1343,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFBEAB20AFB6D6977" box="[1095,1238,799,824]" name="Pakistan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFB45B20AFA846977" box="[1256,1343,799,824]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Punjab</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFAF3B20AFEBA6912" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFAF3B20AFEBA6912" country="Pakistan" name="Azad Kashmir" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Azad Kashmir</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFE8BB251FDDF6912" bold="true" box="[294,612,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFE8BB251FEC06912" box="[294,379,836,861]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFE2BB251FDDF6912" box="[390,612,836,861]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFDD1B251FCAC6912" bold="true" box="[636,791,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFDD1B251FCAC6912" box="[636,791,836,861]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFC90B251FC216912" bold="true" box="[829,922,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFC90B251FC216912" box="[829,922,836,861]" name="Nepal" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
!
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
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<mods:affiliation id="5F430C0631A4EE9FFAC32F86198A905C">Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com &amp; Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, 300071 Tianjin, China. E-mail: david. redei @ gmail. com &amp; Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com &amp; Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H- 1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary &amp; Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF3AB2B7FCD169F3" blockId="19.[151,874,930,990]" box="[151,874,930,956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="6151FE350E5EFFEFFF3AB2B7FCD169F3" bold="true" box="[151,874,930,956]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="4">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF3AB2B7FCD169F3" bold="true" box="[151,874,930,956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFF3AB2B7FD3D69F3" ID-CoL="7Q9LH" authority="(Distant, 1887)" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,646,930,956]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauriforme" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF3AB2B7FE7D69F3" bold="true" box="[151,454,930,956]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acanthosoma tauriforme</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFE78B2B7FDC569F3" author="Distant, W. L." box="[469,638,930,956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="341 - 359" refId="ref37666" refString="Distant, W. L. (1887) Contributions to a knowledge of Oriental Rhynchota. Part 1. Fam. Pentatomidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1887 (3), 341-359, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1887">Distant, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="13E128300E5EFFEFFD39B2B7FCD169F3" box="[660,874,930,956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5EFFEFFF3AB2D0FEAF6991" box="[151,276,965,990]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF3AB2D0FEAF6991" blockId="19.[151,874,930,990]" box="[151,276,965,990]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5EFFEFFF3AB2D0FEAF6991" box="[151,276,965,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,210,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-69@20.[156,1432,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Lectotypes of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 57, Anaxandra tauriformis Distant, 1887, dorsal view; Fig. 58, ventral view; Fig. 59, labels; Fig. 60, Sastragala hampsoni Distant, 1900, dorsal view; Fig. 61, ventral view; Fig. 62, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950757/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 5759</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5EFFEFFF3AB518FC166EF3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF3AB518FC506E6C" blockId="19.[151,1435,1037,1090]" box="[151,1003,1037,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E5EFFEFFF3AB518FC506E6C" box="[151,1003,1037,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5EFFEFFF3AB518FDFE6E6C" author="Distant, W. L." box="[151,581,1037,1059]" page="354" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1887">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFF3AB518FDFE6E6C" authority="Distant, 1887: 354" authorityName="Distant" authorityPageNumber="354" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,581,1037,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauriformis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF3AB518FEC46E6C" box="[151,383,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anaxandra tauriformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFE2BB518FDFE6E6C" author="Distant, W. L." box="[390,581,1037,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="341 - 359" refId="ref37666" refString="Distant, W. L. (1887) Contributions to a knowledge of Oriental Rhynchota. Part 1. Fam. Pentatomidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1887 (3), 341-359, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1887">Distant, 1887: 354</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFDE3B518FD136E6C" box="[590,680,1037,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
(s):
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFD64B518FCBA6E6C" box="[713,769,1037,1059]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">India</collectingCountry>
: Khasia Hills; BMNH!
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF3AB539FA206E0D" blockId="19.[151,1435,1037,1090]" box="[151,1435,1068,1090]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E5EFFEFFF3AB539FA206E0D" box="[151,1435,1068,1090]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5EFFEFFF3AB539FDAD6E0D" author="Liu, S. L." box="[151,534,1068,1090]" page="152" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFF3AB539FDAD6E0D" ID-CoL="7QQN8" authority="Liu, 1987: 152" authorityName="Liu" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,534,1068,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF3AB539FEC36E0D" box="[151,376,1068,1090]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anaxandra longispina</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5EFFEFFED3B539FDAD6E0D" box="[382,534,1068,1090]" country="China" location="New" municipality="Yuanyang" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="syntype">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFED3B539FDAD6E0D" author="Liu, S. L." box="[382,534,1068,1090]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Liu, 1987: 152</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFDB2B539FDC26E0D" box="[543,633,1068,1090]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
(s):
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFD37B539FD616E0D" box="[666,730,1068,1090]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFD4EB539FC886E0E" box="[739,819,1068,1089]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E5EFFEFFC91B539FC1F6E0E" box="[828,932,1068,1089]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Yuanyang</collectingMunicipality>
; depository not stated.
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFB20B539FA206E0D" bold="true" box="[1165,1435,1068,1090]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<location id="3F791F820E5EFFEFFB20B539FB066E0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5EFFE9FF3AB2B7FC566AB7:3F791F820E5EFFEFFB20B539FB066E0D" box="[1165,1213,1068,1090]" country="China" municipality="Yuanyang" name="New" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Yunnan">New</location>
subjective synonym.
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF3AB57CFA276E30" blockId="19.[151,1436,1129,1212]" box="[151,1436,1129,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E5EFFEFFF3AB57CFA276E30" box="[151,1436,1129,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFF3AB57CFE3B6E30" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,384,1129,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauriformis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF3AB57CFE3B6E30" box="[151,384,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anaxandra tauriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5EFFEFFE22B57CFDF66E30" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[399,589,1129,1151]" page="33" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFE22B57CFDF66E30" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[399,589,1129,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="20 - 109" refId="ref36326" refString="Atkinson, E. T. (1889) Notes on Indian Rhynchota, Heteroptera, No. 5. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 58 (1), 20-109." type="journal article" year="1889">Atkinson 1889: 33</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(reproduction of original description, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E5EFFEFFBCDB57CFA276E30" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[1120,1436,1129,1151]" page="255" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFBCDB57CFA276E30" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[1120,1436,1129,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref40555" refString="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G. (1893) Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome I. Heteropteres, Pentatomidae. F. Hayez, Bruxelles, x + 286 pp." type="book" year="1893">Lethierry &amp; Severin 1893: 255</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB59DFC166EF3" blockId="19.[151,1436,1129,1212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
(catalogue, distribution),
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFE6AB59DFDC76ED1" author="Distant, W. L." box="[455,636,1160,1182]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref37755" refString="Distant, W. L. (1902) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota, vol. I. Heteroptera. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xxxviii + 438 pp." type="book" year="1902">Distant 1902: 324</bibRefCitation>
(redescription, distribution),
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFC08B59DFBD76ED1" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[933,1132,1160,1182]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref39911" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I. Cimicidae. Berlin, xl + 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy 1909: 174</bibRefCitation>
(catalogue, distribution).
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFF3AB5B3FEC36EF3" ID-CoL="7QQN8" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,376,1190,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF3AB5B3FEC36EF3" box="[151,376,1190,1212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anaxandra longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFE2BB5B3FD166EF3" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[390,685,1190,1212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref38579" refString="Gollner-Scheiding, U. (2006) Family Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1864. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, Ch. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 166-181. [xiii + 550 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2006">Göllner-Scheiding 2006: 170</bibRefCitation>
(catalogue, distribution).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5EFFEFFF3AB5FCFE8B6FF9" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF3AB5FCFF556F21" blockId="19.[151,1437,1257,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF3AB5FCFD506F4D" bold="true" box="[151,747,1257,1282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Type material examined.
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFE7EB5FCFD586F4D" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[467,739,1257,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauriformis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFE7EB5FCFD586F4D" bold="true" box="[467,739,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anaxandra tauriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5EFFEFFD5BB5FCFF556F21" collectionCode="T, BMNH" collectorName="Distant's &amp; Distant" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFD5BB5FCFCD76F4D" bold="true" box="[758,876,1257,1282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFD5BB5FCFCD76F4D" box="[758,876,1257,1282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E5EFFEFFC2DB5FFFC2C6F4E" box="[896,919,1258,1281]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male"></specimenCount>
, “Type \ H.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5EFFEFFB9FB5FCFBFD6F4D" box="[1074,1094,1257,1282]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</collectionCode>
.” [pr circle with red border], “Khasiya H” [hw],
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFEDCB418FE426F69" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[369,505,1293,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauriformis">“tauriformis</taxonomicName>
\ Dist.” [
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5EFFEFFDF2B418FD7E6F69" box="[607,709,1293,1318]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distants</collectorName>
hw], “
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5EFFEFFCBDB418FCD86F69" box="[784,867,1293,1318]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distant</collectorName>
coll. \ 1911383.” [pr]; pinned, antennal segments IIIV of both antennae and some tarsal segments lacking, otherwise in good condition; deposited in
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5EFFEFFAAAB427FAE06F06" box="[1287,1371,1330,1353]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BMNH</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5EFFEFFAC7B424FF596F21" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,210,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-69@20.[156,1432,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Lectotypes of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 57, Anaxandra tauriformis Distant, 1887, dorsal view; Fig. 58, ventral view; Fig. 59, labels; Fig. 60, Sastragala hampsoni Distant, 1900, dorsal view; Fig. 61, ventral view; Fig. 62, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950757/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 5759</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB46CFE8B6FF9" blockId="19.[151,1437,1257,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF6AB46CFDF56FDD" bold="true" box="[199,590,1401,1426]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E5EFFEFFDFAB46CFE906FF9" collectingDate="2006-07-19" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="H. Guo" country="China" county="Yuanjiang County" location="Nanxijie" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFDFAB46CFC986FDD" bold="true" box="[599,803,1401,1426]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFDFAB46CFD0D6FDD" box="[599,694,1401,1426]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFD68B46CFC986FDD" box="[709,803,1401,1426]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="D37831D50E5EFFEFFC98B46CFBB86FDD" box="[821,1027,1401,1426]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Yuanjiang County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="3F791F820E5EFFEFFBBFB46CFBC96FDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E5EFFE9FF3AB2B7FC566AB7:3F791F820E5EFFEFFBBFB46CFBC96FDD" box="[1042,1138,1401,1426]" country="China" county="Yuanjiang County" name="Nanxijie" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Yunnan">Nanxijie</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E5EFFEFFB2EB46CFABE6FDD" box="[1155,1285,1401,1426]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2006-07-19">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E5EFFEFFB2EB46CFABE6FDD" box="[1155,1285,1401,1426]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2006-07-19">19.vii.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E5EFFEFFAEAB46FFA276FDD" box="[1351,1436,1401,1426]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. Guo</collectorName>
(1$,
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E5EFFEFFF67B48BFEA46FFA" box="[202,287,1438,1461]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E5EFFEFFF6AB4D4FDA86DB9" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB4D4FF556C6D" blockId="19.[151,1437,1257,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF6AB4D4FEFA6F95" bold="true" box="[199,321,1473,1498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
It is a most distinctive species immediately distinguished from all other congeners by the greatly elongated, straight, apically recurved humeral processes which are produced anteriad of the tip of the head (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5EFFEFFAC7B4F0FF5A6C6D" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,210,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-69@20.[156,1432,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Lectotypes of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 57, Anaxandra tauriformis Distant, 1887, dorsal view; Fig. 58, ventral view; Fig. 59, labels; Fig. 60, Sastragala hampsoni Distant, 1900, dorsal view; Fig. 61, ventral view; Fig. 62, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950757/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 5758</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB738FAFC6CFE" blockId="19.[151,1437,1257,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFF6AB738FEAA6C09" bold="true" box="[199,273,1581,1606]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFEB7B738FDA66C09" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[282,541,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauriformis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFEB7B738FDA66C09" box="[282,541,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anaxandra tauriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described based on an unspecified number of specimens (
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFB5DB738FAEE6C09" box="[1264,1365,1581,1606]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
) from Khasi Hills,
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFE99B744FE3B6C25" box="[308,384,1617,1642]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Assam</collectingRegion>
(now
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFE7AB744FDE36C25" box="[471,600,1617,1642]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFDDEB744FD0B6C25" box="[627,688,1617,1642]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">India</collectingCountry>
. The species has never been reported again after its original description. A single male (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E5EFFEFFE67B760FDF26CC1" box="[458,585,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,210,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-69@20.[156,1432,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Lectotypes of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 57, Anaxandra tauriformis Distant, 1887, dorsal view; Fig. 58, ventral view; Fig. 59, labels; Fig. 60, Sastragala hampsoni Distant, 1900, dorsal view; Fig. 61, ventral view; Fig. 62, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950757/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 5758</figureCitation>
) is located in BMNH and it is hereby designated as
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFB21B760FB4D6CC1" box="[1164,1270,1653,1678]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. The species is transferred into
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFEE7B78CFE586CFD" box="[330,483,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFEE7B78CFE586CFD" box="[330,483,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acanthosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a result of the proposed synonymy between
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFC58B78CFB366CFD" box="[1013,1165,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFC58B78CFB366CFD" box="[1013,1165,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acanthosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFB69B78CFAFB6CFD" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1876" box="[1220,1344,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFB69B78CFAFB6CFD" box="[1220,1344,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anaxandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E5EFFEFFF6AB7ABFDA86DB9" blockId="19.[151,1437,1257,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
No formal description or illustration of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFD21B7A8FC336C99" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1987" box="[652,904,1725,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFD21B7A8FC336C99" box="[652,904,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anaxandra longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from southern
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFBEFB7ABFB216C9A" box="[1090,1178,1726,1749]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E5EFFEFFB0AB7A8FB576C99" box="[1191,1260,1725,1750]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">China</collectingCountry>
) was presented by
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFF16B7F4FE8C6CB5" author="Liu, S. L." box="[187,311,1761,1786]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Liu (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, the name was merely diagnosed within a key; no type specimens were designated. The name was considered as available by
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E5EFFEFFE6AB610FD506D51" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[455,747,1797,1822]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref38579" refString="Gollner-Scheiding, U. (2006) Family Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1864. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, Ch. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 166-181. [xiii + 550 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2006">Göllner-Scheiding (2006)</bibRefCitation>
; this is an opinion which we share. No type specimens could be located in TMNH (S.L. Hao,
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFDB5B63FFD1E6D0E" box="[536,677,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pers. comm.</emphasis>
), NKUM and IZAS. We have examined a non-type female from southern
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E5EFFEFFEAFB65BFEE06D2A" box="[258,347,1870,1893]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
; since it was collected at a locality close (about
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E5EFFEFFC32B65BFC656D29" box="[927,990,1869,1894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
) to the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFB56B65BFA2F6D29" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1987" box="[1275,1428,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFB56B65BFA2F6D29" box="[1275,1428,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, moreover it is a most distinctive species, and its unique diagnostic characters (shape and length of humeral processes) are clearly described in the identification key, we are convinced that it represents
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFB65B683FADB6DE1" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1987" box="[1224,1376,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFB65B683FADB6DE1" box="[1224,1376,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimen is apparently conspecific with the male
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E5EFFEFFD53B6ACFCDF6D9D" box="[766,868,1977,2002]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E5EFFEFFC37B6ACFB1F6D9D" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[922,1188,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauriformis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E5EFFEFFC37B6ACFB1F6D9D" box="[922,1188,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anaxandra tauriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
therefore the above subjective synonymy is proposed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6ED919D10E59FFE8FF3AB6B5FDC86DBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14950757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950757/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[151,264,1952,1974]" targetBox="[175,1412,210,1920]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E59FFE8FF3AB6B5FDC86DBC" blockId="20.[151,1436,1952,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E59FFE8FF3AB6B5FC7A6DF9" bold="true" box="[151,961,1952,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
FIGURES 5762. Lectotypes of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E59FFE8FE5FB6B5FD006DF9" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1864" box="[498,699,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
species and their labels.
</emphasis>
Fig. 57,
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E59FFE8FBB0B6B5FA236DF9" authority="Distant, 1887" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1887" box="[1053,1432,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauriformis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E59FFE8FBB0B6B5FABD6DF9" box="[1053,1286,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anaxandra tauriformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E59FFE8FAA0B6B5FA236DF9" author="Distant, W. L." box="[1293,1432,1952,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="341 - 359" refId="ref37666" refString="Distant, W. L. (1887) Contributions to a knowledge of Oriental Rhynchota. Part 1. Fam. Pentatomidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1887 (3), 341-359, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1887">Distant, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view; Fig. 58, ventral view; Fig. 59, labels; Fig. 60,
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E59FFE8FD53B6AAFBD06D9A" authority="Distant, 1900" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1900" box="[766,1131,1983,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Sastragala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hampsoni">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E59FFE8FD53B6AAFC6C6D9A" box="[766,983,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sastragala hampsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E59FFE8FC73B6AAFBD06D9A" author="Distant, W. L." box="[990,1131,1983,2005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="220 - 234" refId="ref37710" refString="Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - VI. Heteroptera: Dinidorinae, Phyllocephalinae, Urolabidinae, and Acanthosominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (32), 220-234." type="journal article" year="1900">Distant, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view; Fig. 61, ventral view; Fig. 62, labels. © BMNH. Scales in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E58FFE9FF6AB182FC566AB7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E58FFE9FF6AB182FC566AB7" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF6AB182FEDB6AFF" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E58FFE9FEC4B182FD396AFF" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[361,642,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauriforme">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FEC4B182FD396AFF" box="[361,642,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Acanthosoma tauriforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rare in collections, only three localities are known so far, based on these data it probably centers the East HimalayaHengduan Mountains region.—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FBF6B1A9FAFE6A9A" bold="true" box="[1115,1349,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E58FFE9FBF6B1A9FB146A9A" box="[1115,1199,188,213]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E58FFE9FB6CB1A9FAFE6A9A" box="[1217,1349,188,213]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Khasi Hills!—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FF5EB1CAFE076AB7" bold="true" box="[243,444,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E58FFE9FF5EB1CAFEE86AB7" box="[243,339,223,248]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E58FFE9FEF3B1CAFE076AB7" box="[350,444,223,248]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Yuanjiang!, Yuanyang (
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E58FFE9FD7FB1CAFC866AB7" author="Liu, S. L." box="[722,829,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Liu 1987</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E58FFE9FCCBB1CAFC676AB7" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1987" box="[870,988,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E58FFE9FCCBB1CAFC676AB7" box="[870,988,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
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<mods:title id="62F4340BEE1F526EE247E47CDF91AABC">Redefinition of Acanthosoma and taxonomic corrections to its included species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="15BA5133EEC0A96C9CA0E446A792B0E5">Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com &amp; Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, 300071 Tianjin, China. E-mail: david. redei @ gmail. com &amp; Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com &amp; Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H- 1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary &amp; Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="3A1949590E61FFD0FF3AB5C2FC866EBD" blockId="44.[151,829,1239,1299]" box="[151,829,1239,1266]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="6151FE350E61FFD0FF3AB5C2FC866EBD" bold="true" box="[151,829,1239,1266]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="4">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FF3AB5C2FC866EBD" bold="true" box="[151,829,1239,1266]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E61FFD0FF3AB5C2FDE26EBD" ID-CoL="7Q9KS" authority="(Liu, 1987)" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[151,601,1239,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FF3AB5C2FE736EBE" bold="true" box="[151,456,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Acanthosoma montanum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E61FFD0FE74B5CDFDEA6EBD" author="Liu, S. L." box="[473,593,1240,1266]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Liu, 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="13E128300E61FFD0FDCBB5CDFC866EBD" box="[614,829,1240,1266]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E61FFD0FF3AB5EFFE636F5C" box="[151,472,1274,1299]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E61FFD0FF3AB5EFFE636F5C" blockId="44.[151,829,1239,1299]" box="[151,472,1274,1299]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E61FFD0FF3AB5EFFE886F5C" box="[151,307,1274,1299]" captionStart="FIGURES 134139" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[172,1407,209,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-78@42.[151,1436,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 134139. Type specimens of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 134, Acanthosoma shensiense Hsiao &amp; Liu, 1977, holotype, dorsal view; Fig. 135, same, ventral view; Fig. 136, same, labels; Fig. 137, Anaxandra montana Liu, 1987, neotype, dorsal view; Fig. 138, same, ventral view; Fig. 140, same, label. © NKUM. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950786/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 137139</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E61FFD0FE93B5EFFE196F5C" box="[318,418,1274,1299]" captionStart="FIGURES 140149" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-178@43.[151,1436,193,1694]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 140149. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 140, A. shensiense, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 141, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 142, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 143, same, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 144, same, left paramere; Fig. 145, same, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 146, A. montanum, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 147, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 148, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 149, same, left paramere. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950788/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">146149</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E61FFD0FE03B5EFFE636F5C" box="[430,472,1274,1299]" captionStart="FIGURES 150151" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,629,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-544@44.[151,1436,628,1099]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 150151. Acanthosoma spp., apex of abdomen in ventral view. Fig. 150, A. shensiense; Fig. 151, A. montanum. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950790/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">151</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E61FFD0FF3AB429FB346FC0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E61FFD0FF3AB429FB4B6F1D" blockId="44.[151,1264,1340,1362]" box="[151,1264,1340,1362]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E61FFD0FF3AB429FB4B6F1D" box="[151,1264,1340,1362]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E61FFD0FF3AB429FDBE6F1D" author="Liu, S. L." box="[151,517,1340,1362]" page="152" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E61FFD0FF3AB429FDBE6F1D" ID-CoL="7QQN9" authority="Liu, 1987: 152" authorityName="Liu" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,517,1340,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FF3AB429FEDD6F1D" box="[151,358,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Anaxandra montana</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FEC1B429FDBE6F1D" box="[364,517,1340,1362]" country="China" location="Tengchong" municipality="Heqing" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="syntype">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E61FFD0FEC1B429FDBE6F1D" author="Liu, S. L." box="[364,517,1340,1362]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Liu, 1987: 152</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E61FFD0FDA2B429FDCB6F1D" box="[527,624,1340,1362]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E61FFD0FDD4B429FD036F1D" box="[633,696,1340,1362]" name="China" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E61FFD0FD6FB428FCA96F1D" box="[706,786,1341,1362]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E61FFD0FCB1B429FCDC6F1D" box="[796,871,1340,1362]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Heqing</collectingMunicipality>
and
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FC35B429FBB06F1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FC35B429FBB06F1D" box="[920,1035,1340,1362]" country="China" municipality="Heqing" name="Tengchong" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Yunnan">Tengchong</location>
; depository not stated.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E61FFD0FF3AB46CFB346FC0" blockId="44.[151,1167,1401,1423]" box="[151,1167,1401,1423]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E61FFD0FF3AB46CFB346FC0" box="[151,1167,1401,1423]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E61FFD0FF3AB46CFEDD6FC0" ID-CoL="7QQN9" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,358,1401,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FF3AB46CFEDD6FC0" box="[151,358,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Anaxandra montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E61FFD0FED9B46CFDB86FC0" author="Liu, S. L." box="[372,515,1401,1423]" page="131" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E61FFD0FED9B46CFDB86FC0" author="Liu, S. L." box="[372,515,1401,1423]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="130 - 134" refId="ref41429" refString="Liu, S. L. (1992) Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae. In: Chen, S. (Ed.), Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region. Vol. 1. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 130-134. [xii + 865 pp., in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1992">Liu 1992: 131</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(record),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E61FFD0FDCAB46CFC356FC0" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[615,910,1401,1423]" page="170" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E61FFD0FDCAB46CFC356FC0" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[615,910,1401,1423]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref38579" refString="Gollner-Scheiding, U. (2006) Family Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1864. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, Ch. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 166-181. [xiii + 550 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2006">Göllner-Scheiding 2006: 170</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E61FFD0FF3AB4A9FB866D2F" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E61FFD0FF3AB4A9FA346C52" blockId="44.[151,1436,1468,2033]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FF3AB4A9FE796F9A" bold="true" box="[151,450,1468,1493]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FE67B4A9FA346C52" collectingDate="2006-07-21" collectionCode="NKUM" county="Yuanjiang County" location="County Wangxiangtai" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="neotype">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FE67B4A9FD976F9A" bold="true" box="[458,556,1468,1493]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E61FFD0FE67B4A9FD976F9A" box="[458,556,1468,1493]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(present designation):
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FC9FB4A9FCFC6F9C" box="[818,839,1468,1491]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female"></specimenCount>
, “&lt;
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E61FFD0FCC2B4A9FC736F9A" box="[879,968,1468,1493]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="D37831D50E61FFD0FC7DB4A9FB266F9A" box="[976,1181,1468,1493]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Yuanjiang
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FBE7B4A9FB266F9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FBE7B4A9FB266F9A" box="[1098,1181,1468,1493]" county="Yuanjiang County" name="County Wangxiangtai" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Yunnan">County</location>
</collectingCounty>
Wangxiangtai&gt; [Ch] \ &lt;Nature Reserve 210M Li Min&gt; [Ch] \
<date id="4E186F990E61FFD0FDFAB4F5FD526FB6" box="[599,745,1504,1529]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2006-07-21">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E61FFD0FDFAB4F5FD526FB6" box="[599,745,1504,1529]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2006-07-21">2006-VII-21</collectingDate>
</date>
”; pinned, segment IV of right antenna, segment II of left mid tarsus, and tarsus of right hind leg lacking; provided with our
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E61FFD0FCE6B711FC1F6C53" box="[843,932,1540,1564]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
label; deposited in
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FBD2B711FB6F6C54" box="[1151,1236,1540,1563]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">NKUM</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E61FFD0FB4EB711FA396C52" box="[1251,1410,1540,1565]" captionStart="FIGURES 134139" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[172,1407,209,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-78@42.[151,1436,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 134139. Type specimens of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 134, Acanthosoma shensiense Hsiao &amp; Liu, 1977, holotype, dorsal view; Fig. 135, same, ventral view; Fig. 136, same, labels; Fig. 137, Anaxandra montana Liu, 1987, neotype, dorsal view; Fig. 138, same, ventral view; Fig. 140, same, label. © NKUM. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950786/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 137139</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E61FFD0FF6AB73DFB866D2F" blockId="44.[151,1436,1468,2033]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FF6AB73DFE766C0E" bold="true" box="[199,461,1576,1601]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FE71B73DFA2D6CC6" collectingDate="1981-08" collectingDateMax="2006-08-12" collectingDateMin="1981-08" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="L. Y. Zheng &amp; H. J. Xue &amp; P. Z. Dong" country="China" elevation="1900" location="Luchun" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FE71B73DFD176C0E" bold="true" box="[476,684,1576,1601]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E61FFD0FE71B73DFD806C0E" box="[476,571,1576,1601]" name="China" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E61FFD0FDE3B73DFD176C0E" box="[590,684,1576,1601]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FD6FB73DFCA06C0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FD6FB73DFCA06C0E" box="[706,795,1576,1601]" country="China" name="Luchun" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Yunnan">Lüchun</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E61FFD0FC80B73DFC306C0F" box="[813,907,1576,1601]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E61FFD0FC80B73DFC306C0F" box="[813,907,1576,1601]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E61FFD0FC33B73DFBB46C0E" box="[926,1039,1576,1601]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1996-05-31">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E61FFD0FC33B73DFBB46C0E" box="[926,1039,1576,1601]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1996-05-31">31.v.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E61FFD0FBF4B73CFB656C0E" box="[1113,1246,1576,1601]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L.Y. Zheng</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FB55B73DFA936C0F" box="[1272,1320,1576,1601]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FA9BB73CFA306C0F" box="[1334,1419,1577,1600]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">NKUM</collectionCode>
), Longling, Longxin, Dapo,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E61FFD0FE76B759FD826C2C" box="[475,569,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2140.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E61FFD0FE76B759FD826C2C" box="[475,569,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2140.0">2140 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E61FFD0FDE0B759FD7B6C2A" box="[589,704,1612,1637]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2002-10-14">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E61FFD0FDE0B759FD7B6C2A" box="[589,704,1612,1637]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2002-10-14">14.x.2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E61FFD0FD7EB759FC856C2C" box="[723,830,1612,1635]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H.J. Xue</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FCF8B759FC266C2C" box="[853,925,1612,1637]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FC01B759FBBA6C2C" box="[940,1025,1612,1635]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">NKUM</collectionCode>
), Longyang, Baihualing,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E61FFD0FA95B759FA2C6C2C" box="[1336,1431,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1600.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E61FFD0FA95B759FA2C6C2C" box="[1336,1431,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E61FFD0FF3AB765FE9B6CC6" box="[151,288,1648,1673]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2006-08-12">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E61FFD0FF3AB765FE9B6CC6" box="[151,288,1648,1673]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2006-08-12">12.viii.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E61FFD0FEF1B764FE776CC6" box="[348,460,1649,1673]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P.Z. Dong</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FE73B765FDBD6CC7" box="[478,518,1648,1673]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FDA1B764FDDA6CC7" box="[524,609,1649,1672]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">NKUM</collectionCode>
), Dali, Xiaguan, on tea plant,
<date id="4E186F990E61FFD0FC1FB765FBA26CC6" box="[946,1049,1648,1673]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1981-08">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E61FFD0FC1FB765FBA26CC6" box="[946,1049,1648,1673]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1981-08">viii.1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, unknown collector (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FAAAB765FA946CC7" box="[1287,1327,1648,1673]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FA98B764FA316CC7" box="[1333,1418,1649,1672]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FF3AB781FF556C9E" collectingDate="2007-06-08" collectionCode="NMPC" collectorName="J. Hajek &amp; J. Ruzicka" country="China" elevation="1825" latitude="25.378334" location="Mt. Yufeng Shen" longLatPrecision="124" longitude="98.42333" municipality="Gudong" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E61FFD0FF3AB781FF4A6CE2" box="[151,241,1684,1709]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Gudong</collectingMunicipality>
env.,
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FEECB781FDB46CE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FEECB781FDB46CE2" box="[321,527,1684,1709]" country="China" latitude="25.378334" longLatPrecision="124" longitude="98.42333" municipality="Gudong" name="Mt. Yufeng Shen" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Yunnan">Mt. Yufeng Shen</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5F922F9E0E61FFD0FD8DB781FD296CE2" box="[544,658,1684,1709]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="22.7" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="92" value="25.378334">25°22.7'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5F922F9E0E61FFD0FD0DB781FCAB6CE2" box="[672,784,1684,1709]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="25.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="92" value="98.42333">98°25.4'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E61FFD0FC8FB781FC3B6CE4" box="[802,896,1684,1709]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1825.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E61FFD0FC8FB781FC3B6CE4" box="[802,896,1684,1709]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1825.0">1825 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E61FFD0FC3FB781FC456CE2" box="[914,1022,1684,1709]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2007-06-08">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E61FFD0FC3FB781FC456CE2" box="[914,1022,1684,1709]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2007-06-08">8.vi.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E61FFD0FBEAB781FB126CE2" box="[1095,1193,1684,1709]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">J. Hájek</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E61FFD0FB77B781FAEE6CE2" box="[1242,1365,1684,1709]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">J. Růžička</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FAC3B781FA276CE4" box="[1390,1436,1684,1709]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FF3AB7ADFF5D6C9E" box="[151,230,1720,1745]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">NMPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.—
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FEBFB7ADFD0A6C9F" box="[274,689,1720,1745]" collectionCode="R" country="Laos" location="Unspecified" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FEBFB7ADFEDE6C9E" bold="true" box="[274,357,1720,1745]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E61FFD0FEBFB7ADFEDB6C9E" box="[274,352,1720,1745]" name="Laos" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">LAOS</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FEDCB7ADFE436C9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FEDCB7ADFE436C9E" box="[369,504,1720,1745]" country="Laos" name="Unspecified" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Yunnan">Unspecified</location>
locality, leg.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FD36B7ACFD0A6C9F" box="[667,689,1721,1744]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">R</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FD6DB7ADFB856C9E" box="[704,1086,1720,1745]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Laos" location="Vitalis de Salvaza" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FD6DB7ADFC2B6C9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FD6DB7ADFC2B6C9E" box="[704,912,1720,1745]" country="Laos" name="Vitalis de Salvaza" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Yunnan">Vitalis de Salvaza</location>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FC0BB7ADFC696C9F" box="[934,978,1720,1745]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FC70B7ADFB8D6C9E" box="[989,1078,1720,1745]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.—
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FBF0B7ADFDE66CBC" collectingDate="1915-05" collectionCode="R, V" country="Vietnam" location="Tuyen Quang" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tuyen Quang">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FBF0B7ADFF6E6CBA" bold="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E61FFD0FBF0B7ADFB5C6C9E" box="[1117,1255,1720,1745]" name="Vietnam" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E61FFD0FB5BB7ADFF6E6CBA" country="Vietnam" name="Tuyen Quang" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Tuyen Quang Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FF4AB7C9FE3D6CBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FF4AB7C9FE3D6CBA" box="[231,390,1756,1781]" country="Vietnam" name="Tuyen Quang" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Tuyen Quang">Tuyen Quang</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E61FFD0FE38B7C9FE576CBA" box="[405,492,1756,1781]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1915-05">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E61FFD0FE38B7C9FE576CBA" box="[405,492,1756,1781]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1915-05">v. 1915</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FD82B7C9FDF86CBC" box="[559,579,1756,1779]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FDEAB7C9FDE66CBC" box="[583,605,1756,1779]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FDC6B7C9FC296CBA" box="[619,914,1756,1781]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Vietnam" location="Salvaza" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tuyen Quang Prov.">
de
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FD3DB7C9FD5C6CBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FD3DB7C9FD5C6CBA" box="[656,743,1756,1781]" country="Vietnam" name="Salvaza" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Tuyen Quang Prov.">Salvaza</location>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FD50B7C9FC936CBC" box="[765,808,1756,1781]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FC9EB7C9FC3C6CBC" box="[819,903,1756,1779]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FC0FB7C9FE5E6D74" collectingDate="1998-03-15" collectionCode="T" collectorName="No. &amp; L. Peregovits" country="Vietnam" elevation="2050" latitude="22.305616" location="Hoang Lien National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.82152" municipality="Lao Cai Prov." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FC0FB7C9FBF46CBA" bold="true" box="[930,1103,1756,1781]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E61FFD0FC0FB7C9FBF46CBA" box="[930,1103,1756,1781]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lao Cai Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E61FFD0FBCCB7C9FABE6CBC" box="[1121,1285,1756,1781]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lao Cai Prov.</collectingMunicipality>
,
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, Fan Si Pan Mts., Cat Cat, stream valley,
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<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E61FFD0FCA5B615FCE46D57" box="[776,863,1792,1817]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2050.0">2050 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
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,
<date id="4E186F990E61FFD0FB0BB615FA996D56" box="[1190,1314,1792,1817]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1998-03-15">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E61FFD0FB0BB615FA996D56" box="[1190,1314,1792,1817]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1998-03-15">15.iii.1998</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E61FFD0FA80B614FAEC6D57" box="[1325,1367,1793,1816]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">No.</collectorName>
17, at light, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E61FFD0FEA2B631FE136D72" box="[271,424,1828,1853]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. Peregovits</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FE7EB631FE5E6D74" box="[467,485,1828,1851]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">T</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FE59B631FCA26D72" box="[500,793,1828,1853]" collectionCode="HNHM" country="Vietnam" location="Vasarhelyi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai Prov.">
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FE59B631FDD66D72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FE59B631FDD66D72" box="[500,621,1828,1853]" country="Vietnam" name="Vasarhelyi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Lao Cai Prov.">Vásárhelyi</location>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FD2FB631FD156D74" box="[642,686,1828,1853]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FD14B631FCB56D74" box="[697,782,1828,1851]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">HNHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FC87B631FB6A6D74" box="[810,1233,1828,1853]" collectingDate="1916-05" collectionCode="R, V" country="Vietnam" location="Sa Pa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai Prov.">
“Chapa” [=
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FC18B631FC466D74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FC18B631FC466D74" box="[949,1021,1828,1853]" country="Vietnam" name="Sa Pa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Lao Cai Prov.">Sa Pa</location>
],
<date id="4E186F990E61FFD0FBBFB631FBDB6D72" box="[1042,1120,1828,1853]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1916-05">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E61FFD0FBBFB631FBDB6D72" box="[1042,1120,1828,1853]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1916-05">v.1916</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FB0EB631FB0C6D74" box="[1187,1207,1828,1851]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FB16B631FB6A6D74" box="[1211,1233,1828,1851]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FB73B631FF4D6D2E" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Vietnam" location="Salvaza" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai Prov.">
de
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FAA9B631FAE06D72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FAA9B631FAE06D72" box="[1284,1371,1828,1853]" country="Vietnam" name="Salvaza" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Lao Cai Prov.">Salvaza</location>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FADDB631FA276D74" box="[1392,1436,1828,1853]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FF3AB65CFF506D2F" box="[151,235,1865,1888]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E61FFD0FEAEB65DFB8E6D2E" box="[259,1077,1864,1889]" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="E. le Moult" country="Vietnam" location="Tay Ninh" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tay Ninh">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FEAEB65DFE0C6D2E" bold="true" box="[259,439,1864,1889]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E61FFD0FEAEB65DFE0C6D2E" box="[259,439,1864,1889]" country="Vietnam" name="Tay Ninh" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Tay Ninh Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: “Tayninh” [=
<location id="3F791F820E61FFD0FDCCB65CFD756D2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E61FFD0FDCCB65CFD756D2E" box="[609,718,1864,1889]" country="Vietnam" name="Tay Ninh" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Tay Ninh">Tay Ninh</location>
], coll.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E61FFD0FCB4B65CFC2C6D2E" box="[793,919,1864,1889]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. le Moult</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E61FFD0FC07B65DFC6A6D2F" box="[938,977,1864,1889]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E61FFD0FC74B65DFB946D2E" box="[985,1071,1864,1889]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E61FFD0FF6AB679FD436DBE" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E61FFD0FF6AB679FD436DBE" blockId="44.[151,1436,1468,2033]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FF6AB679FEFA6DCA" bold="true" box="[199,321,1900,1925]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E61FFD0FDC9B679FD476DCA" authorityName="Hsiao &amp; Liu" authorityYear="1977" box="[612,764,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shensiense">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E61FFD0FDC9B679FD476DCA" box="[612,764,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A. shensiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it can be distinguished from the latter species based on its long and gracile humeral processes (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E61FFD0FD91B685FD666DE6" box="[572,733,1936,1961]" captionStart="FIGURES 134139" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[172,1407,209,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-78@42.[151,1436,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 134139. Type specimens of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 134, Acanthosoma shensiense Hsiao &amp; Liu, 1977, holotype, dorsal view; Fig. 135, same, ventral view; Fig. 136, same, labels; Fig. 137, Anaxandra montana Liu, 1987, neotype, dorsal view; Fig. 138, same, ventral view; Fig. 140, same, label. © NKUM. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950786/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 137138</figureCitation>
), its long mesosternal carina surpassing middle of head (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E61FFD0FAC2B685FF7F6D82" captionStart="FIGURES 134139" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[172,1407,209,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-78@42.[151,1436,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 134139. Type specimens of Acanthosomatidae species and their labels. Fig. 134, Acanthosoma shensiense Hsiao &amp; Liu, 1977, holotype, dorsal view; Fig. 135, same, ventral view; Fig. 136, same, labels; Fig. 137, Anaxandra montana Liu, 1987, neotype, dorsal view; Fig. 138, same, ventral view; Fig. 140, same, label. © NKUM. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950786/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 138</figureCitation>
), the slightly longer lateral projections of the genital capsule (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E61FFD0FC3FB6A1FB8A6D82" box="[914,1073,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURES 140149" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-178@43.[151,1436,193,1694]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 140149. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 140, A. shensiense, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 141, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 142, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 143, same, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 144, same, left paramere; Fig. 145, same, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 146, A. montanum, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 147, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 148, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 149, same, left paramere. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950788/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 146147</figureCitation>
) particularly apparent in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E61FFD0FF70B6CDFE856DBE" box="[221,318,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURES 140149" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-178@43.[151,1436,193,1694]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 140149. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 140, A. shensiense, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 141, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 142, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 143, same, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 144, same, left paramere; Fig. 145, same, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 146, A. montanum, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 147, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 148, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 149, same, left paramere. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950788/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 148</figureCitation>
), and the different paramere (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E61FFD0FD24B6CDFD576DBE" box="[649,748,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURES 140149" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-178@43.[151,1436,193,1694]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 140149. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 140, A. shensiense, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 141, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 142, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 143, same, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 144, same, left paramere; Fig. 145, same, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 146, A. montanum, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 147, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 148, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 149, same, left paramere. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950788/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 149</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E60FFD1FF6AB182FEA16E7C" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E60FFD1FF6AB182FD096AB7" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FF6AB182FD666AFF" bold="true" box="[199,733,151,176]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description of male and female terminalia.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FD44B182FC916AFF" box="[745,810,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Male.</emphasis>
Genital capsule (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E60FFD1FC56B182FB206AFF" box="[1019,1179,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 140149" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-178@43.[151,1436,193,1694]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 140149. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 140, A. shensiense, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 141, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 142, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 143, same, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 144, same, left paramere; Fig. 145, same, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 146, A. montanum, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 147, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 148, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 149, same, left paramere. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950788/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 146148</figureCitation>
) similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E60FFD1FA29B18DFEB46A9A" authorityName="Hsiao &amp; Liu" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shensiense">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FA29B18DFEB46A9A" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. shensiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but shape of lateral projections somewhat longer (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E60FFD1FCD9B1A9FC616A9A" box="[884,986,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 140149" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-178@43.[151,1436,193,1694]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 140149. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 140, A. shensiense, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 141, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 142, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 143, same, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 144, same, left paramere; Fig. 145, same, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 146, A. montanum, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 147, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 148, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 149, same, left paramere. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950788/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 148</figureCitation>
), median incision between projections deeper (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E60FFD1FF5DB1CAFE2B6AB7" box="[240,400,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 140149" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-178@43.[151,1436,193,1694]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 140149. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 140, A. shensiense, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 141, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 142, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 143, same, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 144, same, left paramere; Fig. 145, same, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 146, A. montanum, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 147, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 148, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 149, same, left paramere. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950788/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 146147</figureCitation>
); paramere as in
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E60FFD1FDE3B1CAFD156AB7" box="[590,686,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 140149" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-178@43.[151,1436,193,1694]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 140149. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 140, A. shensiense, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 141, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 142, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 143, same, genital capsule, posterior view; Fig. 144, same, left paramere; Fig. 145, same, apex of abdomen of female, dorsal view; Fig. 146, A. montanum, apex of abdomen of male, posteroventral view; Fig. 147, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 148, same, genital capsule, lateral view; Fig. 149, same, left paramere. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950788/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 148</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E60FFD1FF6AB011FDD06B2C" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FF6AB011FEA06B52" box="[199,283,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E60FFD1FE84B011FE306B52" box="[297,395,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 150151" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,629,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-544@44.[151,1436,628,1099]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 150151. Acanthosoma spp., apex of abdomen in ventral view. Fig. 150, A. shensiense; Fig. 151, A. montanum. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950790/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 151</figureCitation>
). Female terminalia similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E60FFD1FCEDB011FC6D6B52" authorityName="Hsiao &amp; Liu" authorityYear="1977" box="[832,982,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shensiense">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FCEDB011FC6D6B52" box="[832,982,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. shensiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but posterolateral angles of ventrite VII more produced, ventrite VII a pair of submarginal red patches around U-shaped median incision, and the somewhat larger Pendergrasts organ of ventrite VII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E60FFD1FF6AB07AFEB068CA" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FF6AB07AFEAA6BC7" bold="true" box="[199,273,367,392]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Notes.</emphasis>
No formal description or illustration of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E60FFD1FD55B07AFC596BC7" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1987" box="[760,994,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FD55B07AFC596BC7" box="[760,994,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Anaxandra montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from western and southern
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E60FFD1FA92B065FA236BC8" box="[1343,1432,368,391]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E60FFD1FF3AB081FF676BE2" box="[151,220,404,429]" name="China" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">China</collectingCountry>
) was presented by
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E60FFD1FE6DB081FD856BE2" author="Liu, S. L." box="[448,574,404,429]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Liu (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, the species was merely diagnosed within a key; no type specimens were designated and no depository of specimens was mentioned. The name was considered as available by
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E60FFD1FA93B0A2FEE56BBA" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref38579" refString="Gollner-Scheiding, U. (2006) Family Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1864. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, Ch. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 166-181. [xiii + 550 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2006">Göllner-Scheiding (2006)</bibRefCitation>
; this is an opinion which we share. No specimens which might possibly be syntypic could be located in TMNH (S.L. Hao,
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FE73B314FDDD6857" box="[478,614,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">pers. comm.</emphasis>
), NKUM and IZAS, the most important depositories of types of S.L. Liu; the specimens are likely lost. Considering the fact that the species was not explicitly indicated as intentionally new and no types were designated in the original description, even if
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E60FFD1FC2FB35DFC5F682F" box="[898,996,584,608]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
exist, probably they are impossible to recognize.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E60FFD1FF6AB39AFD126977" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Specimens from Yunnan and additional specimens from northern
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E60FFD1FC0AB39AFBBD68E7" box="[935,1030,655,680]" name="Vietnam" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
fitting rather well with
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E60FFD1FABCB39AFA2768E7" author="Liu, S. L." box="[1297,1436,655,680]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Lius (1987)</bibRefCitation>
key were examined during the present study and we recognize them as conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E60FFD1FB01B3A1FA2E6883" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1987" box="[1196,1429,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FB01B3A1FA2E6883" box="[1196,1429,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Anaxandra montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the very brief and poor diagnosis offered by the key does not allow unambiguous recognition of this species. Therefore, with the express purpose of clarifying the taxonomic status of this nominal taxon, a
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E60FFD1FA84B3E9FA39695B" box="[1321,1410,764,788]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is designated under Article 75.3. of
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E60FFD1FDA2B20AFD1F6977" author="ICZN" box="[527,676,799,824]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref39593" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E60FFD1FF6AB251FAE869A2" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E60FFD1FF6AB251FAF469A2" location="We" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="neotype">
<location id="3F791F820E60FFD1FF6AB251FF576914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E61FFD1FF3AB5C2FEFE6EEF:3F791F820E60FFD1FF6AB251FF576914" box="[199,236,836,859]" name="We" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Yunnan">We</location>
select a female from
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E60FFD1FE4AB251FD876914" box="[487,572,836,859]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
for
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E60FFD1FDC2B251FD706913" box="[623,715,836,860]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
. The specimen is in good condition clearly showing diagnostic characters of the species, and in the same time it comes as nearly as practicable from the original type locality, therefore we recognize it as the specimen available to us that best suits the purpose of
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E60FFD1FBD3B299FB6C69EB" box="[1150,1239,908,932]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designation. The specimen fits in all respect with the diagnosis of
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E60FFD1FD78B2BAFCE86987" author="Liu, S. L." box="[725,851,943,968]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref41307" refString="Liu, S. L. (1987) Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest insects of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 149-155. [9 + 1622 pp., 16 plates, in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Liu (1987)</bibRefCitation>
. Based on this specimen and additional males and females we present a diagnosis and several illustrations which will allow future identification of the species
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E60FFD1FF6AB2E2FEA16E7C" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
The species is transferred into
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E60FFD1FD8CB2E2FD016E5F" box="[545,698,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FD8CB2E2FD016E5F" box="[545,698,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Acanthosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a result of the proposed synonymy between
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E60FFD1FB7EB2E2FAD76E5F" box="[1235,1388,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FB7EB2E2FAD76E5F" box="[1235,1388,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Acanthosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E60FFD1FF3AB509FEA86E7A" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,275,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FF3AB509FEA86E7A" box="[151,275,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Anaxandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E60FFD1FF6AB52AFEFE6EEF" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E60FFD1FF6AB52AFEFE6EEF" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FF6AB52AFEDB6E17" bold="true" box="[199,352,1087,1112]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</emphasis>
So far only known from mountaneous regions of Southwest China; first country records are provided for Laos and Vietnam in this paper.—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FD01B571FCCD6E32" bold="true" box="[684,886,1124,1149]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E60FFD1FD01B571FCB76E32" box="[684,780,1124,1149]" name="China" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E60FFD1FCB5B571FCCD6E32" box="[792,886,1124,1149]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FC36B571FC5C6E32" bold="true" box="[923,999,1124,1149]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E60FFD1FC36B571FC5C6E32" box="[923,999,1124,1149]" name="Laos" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">LAOS</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
!—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FBA1B571FA306E32" bold="true" box="[1036,1419,1124,1149]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E60FFD1FBA1B571FB2D6E32" box="[1036,1174,1124,1149]" name="Vietnam" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E60FFD1FB0EB571FA306E32" box="[1187,1419,1124,1149]" country="Vietnam" name="Tuyen Quang" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Tuyen Quang Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E60FFD1FF3AB592FE876EEF" bold="true" box="[151,316,1159,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E60FFD1FF3AB592FE876EEF" box="[151,316,1159,1184]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lao Cai Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,843 @@
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<mods:affiliation id="9D98FC589316235427915510BD2DC0EC">Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com &amp; Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, 300071 Tianjin, China. E-mail: david. redei @ gmail. com &amp; Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com &amp; Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H- 1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary &amp; Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589 Japan. E-mail: jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="6151FE350E6EFFDFFF3AB61AFCF46D65" bold="true" box="[151,847,1807,1834]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="4">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E6EFFDFFF3AB61AFCF46D65" bold="true" box="[151,847,1807,1834]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E6EFFDFFF3AB61AFDD06D65" ID-CoL="7Q9LB" authority="(Liu, 1980)" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[151,619,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichuanense" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E6EFFDFFF3AB61AFE616D66" bold="true" box="[151,474,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acanthosoma sichuanense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E6EFFDFFE44B605FDD86D65" author="Liu, S. L." box="[489,611,1808,1834]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="233 - 242" refId="ref41266" refString="Liu, S. L. (1980) Six new species of Acanthosomatidae from China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zoological Research, 1 (2), 233-242. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1980">Liu, 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="13E128300E6EFFDFFDD4B605FCF46D65" box="[633,847,1808,1834]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E6EFFDFFF3AB627FE256D04" box="[151,414,1842,1867]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E6EFFDFFF3AB627FE256D04" blockId="35.[151,847,1807,1867]" box="[151,414,1842,1867]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E6EFFDFFF3AB627FE896D04" box="[151,306,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 105108" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,219,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-59@33.[151,1436,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 105108. Acanthosoma spp., males. Fig. 105, A. rufescens (China: Yunnan: Ruili), dorsal view; Fig. 106, same, ventral view; Fig. 107, A. sichuanense (China: Yunnan: Baoshan), dorsal view; Fig. 108, same, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950776/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 107108</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E6EFFDFFE93B627FE256D04" box="[318,414,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 109118" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-153@37.[151,1436,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 109118. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 109, A. rufescens, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 110, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Figs 111112, right paramere, two different views; Fig. 113, apex of female abdomen, ventral view; Fig. 114, A. sichuanense, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 115, same, ventral view; Figs 116117, right paramere, two different aspects; Fig. 118, apex of female abdomen, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950778/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">114118</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="3A1949590E6EFFDFFF3AB66FFBBC6DE0" blockId="35.[151,1436,1914,1998]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E6EFFDFFF3AB66FFD946DDF" author="Liu, S. L." box="[151,559,1914,1936]" page="234" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1980">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E6EFFDFFF3AB66FFD946DDF" authority="Liu, 1980: 234" authorityName="Liu" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,559,1914,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichuanensis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E6EFFDFFF3AB66FFE2B6DDF" box="[151,400,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Anaxandra sichuanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E6EFFDFFE38B66FFD946DDF" author="Liu, S. L." box="[405,559,1914,1936]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="233 - 242" refId="ref41266" refString="Liu, S. L. (1980) Six new species of Acanthosomatidae from China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zoological Research, 1 (2), 233-242. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1980">Liu, 1980: 234</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E6EFFDFFD94B66FFD206DDF" box="[569,667,1914,1936]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E6EFFDFFD08B66EFD016DDF" box="[677,698,1915,1936]" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="male"></specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E6EFFDFFD69B66FFCBF6DDF" box="[708,772,1914,1936]" name="China" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E6EFFDFFCA2B66FFCD86DDF" box="[783,867,1914,1936]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, Emeishan [= Mt. Emei]; TMNH? (not found). Fixed as correct original spelling acting as First Reviser (cf. Article 24.2.3. of
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E6EFFDFFC2EB68CFC406DE0" author="ICZN" box="[899,1019,1945,1967]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref39593" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E6EFFDFFF3AB6ADFCF06D81" blockId="35.[151,1436,1914,1998]" box="[151,843,1976,1998]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E6EFFDFFF3AB6ADFCF06D81" box="[151,843,1976,1998]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E6EFFDFFF3AB6ADFE396D81" ID-CoL="7QQNF" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,386,1976,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichanensis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E6EFFDFFF3AB6ADFE396D81" box="[151,386,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Anaxandra sichanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E6EFFDFFE3DB6ADFD886D81" author="Liu, S. L." box="[400,563,1976,1998]" page="236" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E6EFFDFFE3DB6ADFD886D81" author="Liu, S. L." box="[400,563,1976,1998]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="233 - 242" refId="ref41266" refString="Liu, S. L. (1980) Six new species of Acanthosomatidae from China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zoological Research, 1 (2), 233-242. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1980">Liu (1980: 236)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Incorrect original spelling.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E69FFD8FF3AB18DFA356A83" blockId="36.[151,1436,152,204]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB66E770E69FFD8FF3AB18DFA356A83" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FF3AB18DFE346AE1" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,399,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichuanensis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FF3AB18DFE346AE1" box="[151,399,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Anaxandra sichuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E69FFD8FE33B18DFD946AE1" author="Liu, S. L." box="[414,559,152,174]" page="131" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E69FFD8FE33B18DFD946AE1" author="Liu, S. L." box="[414,559,152,174]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="130 - 134" refId="ref41429" refString="Liu, S. L. (1992) Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae. In: Chen, S. (Ed.), Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region. Vol. 1. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 130-134. [xii + 865 pp., in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1992">Liu 1992: 131</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(records, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E69FFD8FC8DB18DFBA96AE1" author="Xiong, J. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[800,1042,152,174]" page="201" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E69FFD8FC8DB18DFBA96AE1" author="Xiong, J. &amp; Liu, S. L." box="[800,1042,152,174]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="201 - 202" refId="ref43940" refString="Xiong, J. &amp; Liu, S. L. (1993) Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Insects of Wuling Mountains Area, southwestern China. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 201-202. [x + 777 pp., in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1993">Xiong &amp; Liu 1993: 201</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(records, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E69FFD8FAA9B18DFA276AE1" author="Hua, L. Z." box="[1284,1436,152,174]" page="166" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E69FFD8FAA9B18DFA276AE1" author="Hua, L. Z." box="[1284,1436,152,174]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref39562" refString="Hua, L. Z. (2000) List of Chinese insects. Vol. I. Zhongshan University Press, Guangzhou, 2 + 7 + 448 pp." type="book" year="2000">Hua 2000: 166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E69FFD8FE30B1A3FD786A83" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[413,707,182,204]" page="170" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E69FFD8FE30B1A3FD786A83" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[413,707,182,204]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref38579" refString="Gollner-Scheiding, U. (2006) Family Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1864. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, Ch. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 166-181. [xiii + 550 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2006">Göllner-Scheiding 2006: 170</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, distribution),
<treatmentCitation id="BB076F480E69FFD8FC67B1A2FB186A83" author="Han, Y. &amp; Liu, G. Q." box="[970,1187,182,204]" page="158" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E69FFD8FC67B1A2FB186A83" author="Han, Y. &amp; Liu, G. Q." box="[970,1187,182,204]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="157 - 160" refId="ref38703" refString="Han, Y. &amp; Liu, G. Q. (2010) Hemiptera: Acanthomatidae [sic]. In: Xu, H. C. &amp; Ye, T. X. (Eds.), Insects of Fengyangshan National Nature Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 157-160. [10 + 396 pp., 8 unnumbered plates, in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="2010">Han &amp; Liu 2010: 158</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(records, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E69FFD8FF3AB1ECFE8D6E01" blockId="36.[151,1437,249,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FF3AB1ECFE276B5D" bold="true" box="[151,412,249,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FE05B1ECFA236B5D" box="[424,1432,249,274]" collectingDate="1983-06-21" collectionCode="IZAS" collectorName="S. Y. Wang" country="China" elevation="1230" location="Dewei" municipality="Luding" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FE05B1ECFDC26B5D" bold="true" box="[424,633,249,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E69FFD8FE05B1ECFDBC6B5D" box="[424,519,249,274]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FDB4B1ECFDC26B5D" box="[537,633,249,274]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FD23B1ECFD596B5D" box="[654,738,249,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Luding</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FD5EB1ECFC846B5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FD5EB1ECFC846B5D" box="[755,831,249,274]" country="China" municipality="Luding" name="Dewei" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Sichuan">Dewei</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FCE2B1ECFC176B5E" box="[847,940,249,274]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1230.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FCE2B1ECFC176B5E" box="[847,940,249,274]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1230.0">1230 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FC13B1ECFB836B5D" box="[958,1080,249,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1983-06-21">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FC13B1ECFB836B5D" box="[958,1080,249,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1983-06-21">21.vi.1983</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FBD2B1ECFB406B5D" box="[1151,1275,249,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S.Y. Wang</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FABEB1ECFAFB6B5E" box="[1299,1344,249,274]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FAE0B1ECFA346B5D" box="[1357,1423,249,274]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/043p-ts4f" name="Institut Zoologii Akademii Nauk Ukraini - Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZAS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FF3AB008FC2F6B79" box="[151,916,285,310]" collectingDate="1983-06-19" collectionCode="IZAS" collectorName="X. Z. Zhang" country="China" elevation="1500" location="Moxi" municipality="Luding" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Sichuan">
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FF3AB008FF506B79" box="[151,235,285,310]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Luding</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FF55B008FE836B79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FF55B008FE836B79" box="[248,312,285,310]" country="China" municipality="Luding" name="Moxi" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Sichuan">Moxi</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FEE8B008FE256B7A" box="[325,414,285,310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FEE8B008FE256B7A" box="[325,414,285,310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FE00B008FD9C6B79" box="[429,551,285,310]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1983-06-19">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FE00B008FD9C6B79" box="[429,551,285,310]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1983-06-19">19.vi.1983</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FDCAB00BFD576B79" box="[615,748,285,310]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">X.Z. Zhang</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FD53B008FCFB6B7A" box="[766,832,285,310]" count="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FCE4B008FC306B79" box="[841,907,285,310]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/043p-ts4f" name="Institut Zoologii Akademii Nauk Ukraini - Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZAS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FC0CB00BFEE66B15" collectingDate="1983-06-20" collectionCode="IZAS" collectorName="Y. Q. Chen" country="China" elevation="1650" location="Moxi" municipality="Luding" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
same locality,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FBEAB008FB1B6B7A" box="[1095,1184,285,310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1650.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FBEAB008FB1B6B7A" box="[1095,1184,285,310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1650.0">1650 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FB02B008FA926B79" box="[1199,1321,285,310]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1983-06-20">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FB02B008FA926B79" box="[1199,1321,285,310]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1983-06-20">20.vi.1983</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FAC4B008FF696B15" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Y.Q. Chen</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FF49B054FEB76B16" box="[228,268,321,346]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FEBEB054FEEE6B15" box="[275,341,321,346]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/043p-ts4f" name="Institut Zoologii Akademii Nauk Ukraini - Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZAS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FEC5B057FBAF6B15" box="[360,1044,321,346]" collectingDate="1983-06-20" collectionCode="IZAS" collectorName="S. Y. Wang" country="China" elevation="1650" location="Moxi" municipality="Luding" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Sichuan">
same locality, altitude and date, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FD52B054FCCE6B15" box="[767,885,321,346]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S.Y. Wang</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC29B054FC786B16" box="[900,963,321,346]" count="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FC67B054FBB76B15" box="[970,1036,321,346]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/043p-ts4f" name="Institut Zoologii Akademii Nauk Ukraini - Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZAS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FB8DB054FD396B31" collectingDate="1928-08" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="D. C. Graham" country="China" elevation="2134" location="Suifu" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
“Sz.” [= Sichuan],
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FB59B054FA886B15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FB59B054FA886B15" box="[1268,1331,321,346]" country="China" name="Suifu" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Sichuan">Suifu</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FA93B054FA2C6B15" box="[1342,1431,321,346]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="ft" value="7000.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FA93B054FA2C6B15" box="[1342,1431,321,346]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="ft" value="7000.0">7000 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FF3AB070FF456B31" box="[151,254,357,382]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1928-08">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FF3AB070FF456B31" box="[151,254,357,382]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1928-08">viii.1928</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FEE8B070FE666B31" box="[325,477,357,382]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">D.C. Graham</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FE5CB070FDA06B32" box="[497,539,357,382]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FD89B070FDC16B31" box="[548,634,357,382]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FD23B070FA236B31" box="[654,1432,357,382]" collectingDate="1945-08-13" collectionCode="IZAS" country="China" location="Mt. Jinfo" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chongqing">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FD23B070FCA96B31" bold="true" box="[654,786,357,382]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FD23B070FCA96B31" box="[654,786,357,382]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FC8EB073FC346B31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FC8EB073FC346B31" box="[803,911,357,382]" country="China" name="Mt. Jinfo" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Chongqing">Mt. Jinfo</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FC31B070FB9D6B31" box="[924,1062,357,382]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1945-08-13">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FC31B070FB9D6B31" box="[924,1062,357,382]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1945-08-13">13.viii.1945</collectingDate>
</date>
, unknown collector (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FAB7B070FAFF6B32" box="[1306,1348,357,382]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FAE0B070FA2B6B31" box="[1357,1424,357,382]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/043p-ts4f" name="Institut Zoologii Akademii Nauk Ukraini - Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZAS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FF3AB09CFB996BED" box="[151,1058,393,418]" collectingDate="2006-08-18" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="P. Z. Dong" country="China" elevation="2200" location="Cangshan" municipality="Dali" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FF3AB09CFF4E6BED" bold="true" box="[151,245,393,418]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FF3AB09CFF4E6BED" box="[151,245,393,418]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FEAAB09CFE816BED" box="[263,314,393,418]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Dali</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FEE4B09CFE016BED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FEE4B09CFE016BED" box="[329,442,393,418]" country="China" municipality="Dali" name="Cangshan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Cangshan</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FE64B09CFD986BEE" box="[457,547,393,418]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2200.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FE64B09CFD986BEE" box="[457,547,393,418]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FD9EB09CFD066BED" box="[563,701,393,418]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2006-08-18">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FD9EB09CFD066BED" box="[563,701,393,418]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2006-08-18">18.viii.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FCADB09FFCCF6BED" box="[768,884,394,418]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P.Z. Dong</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC27B09CFC0D6BEE" box="[906,950,393,418]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FC6CB09CFBA06BED" box="[961,1051,393,418]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FB9CB09CFE166B89" collectingDate="1983-05-15" collectionCode="NKUM" country="China" location="Gongshan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FB9CB09CFB1D6BED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FB9CB09CFB1D6BED" box="[1073,1190,393,418]" country="China" name="Gongshan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Gongshan</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FB19B09CFA9E6BED" box="[1204,1317,393,418]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1983-05-15">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FB19B09CFA9E6BED" box="[1204,1317,393,418]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1983-05-15">15.v.1983</collectingDate>
</date>
, unknown collector (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FEBCB0B8FE856B8A" box="[273,318,429,454]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FEE6B0B8FE1E6B89" box="[331,421,429,454]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FE13B0B8FC316BA5" collectingDate="2009-05-10" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="B. Cai" country="China" county="Baoshan" elevation="2200" location="Lujiang Township" municipality="Longyang Distr." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<collectingCounty id="D37831D50E69FFD8FE13B0B8FD9A6B89" box="[446,545,429,454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Baoshan</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FD9FB0BBFD4A6B89" box="[562,753,429,454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Longyang Distr.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FCACB0B8FC6D6B89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FCACB0B8FC6D6B89" box="[769,982,429,454]" country="China" county="Baoshan" municipality="Longyang Distr." name="Lujiang Township" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Lujiang Township</location>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FC4AB0B8FBF76B89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FC4AB0B8FBF76B89" box="[999,1100,429,454]" country="China" county="Baoshan" municipality="Longyang Distr." name="Nankang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Nankang</location>
[Station area of]
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FA8BB0B8FEEF6BA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FA8BB0B8FEEF6BA6" country="China" county="Baoshan" municipality="Longyang Distr." name="Gaoligong Natural Reserve" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Gaoligong Natural Reserve</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FEC8B0C4FE7A6BA6" box="[357,449,465,490]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2200.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FEC8B0C4FE7A6BA6" box="[357,449,465,490]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FE7FB0C4FDF86BA5" box="[466,579,465,490]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2009-05-10">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FE7FB0C4FDF86BA5" box="[466,579,465,490]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2009-05-10">10.v.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FD24B0C7FD6D6BA5" box="[649,726,465,490]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. Cai</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FD43B0C4FCA76BA6" box="[750,796,465,490]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FC85B0C4FC396BA5" box="[808,898,465,490]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FC37B0C4FBD66841" collectingDate="2009-05-11" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="B. Cai &amp; M. Li" country="China" county="Baoshan" elevation="2050" location="Mt. Gucheng" municipality="Xiaoheishan Natural Reserve" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<collectingCounty id="D37831D50E69FFD8FC37B0C4FC466BA5" box="[922,1021,465,490]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Baoshan</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FBA3B0C4FADF6BA6" box="[1038,1380,465,490]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Xiaoheishan Natural Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FAD9B0C7FF446841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FAD9B0C7FF446841" country="China" county="Baoshan" municipality="Xiaoheishan Natural Reserve" name="Mt. Gucheng" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Mt. Gucheng</location>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FEA6B0E0FE0A6841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FEA6B0E0FE0A6841" box="[267,433,501,526]" country="China" county="Baoshan" municipality="Xiaoheishan Natural Reserve" name="Guanli Station" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Guanli Station</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FE13B0E0FDE76842" box="[446,604,501,526]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="2000.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FE13B0E0FDE76842" box="[446,604,501,526]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="2000.0">20002100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FDC4B0E0FD636841" box="[617,728,501,526]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2009-05-11">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FDC4B0E0FD636841" box="[617,728,501,526]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2009-05-11">11.v.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FCBBB0E3FCE46841" box="[790,863,501,526]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. Cai</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FC28B0E3FC7D6841" box="[901,966,501,526]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. Li</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC74B0E0FBB86842" box="[985,1027,501,526]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FBA6B0E0FBDE6841" box="[1035,1125,501,526]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FBD4B0E0FE06687D" collectingDate="1984-04-11" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="Zou" country="China" location="Jinghong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FBD4B0E0FB586841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FBD4B0E0FB586841" box="[1145,1251,501,526]" country="China" name="Jinghong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Jinghong</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FB42B0E0FADC6841" box="[1263,1383,501,526]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1984-04-11">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FB42B0E0FADC6841" box="[1263,1383,501,526]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1984-04-11">11.iv.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. [H.G.]
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FF49B30FFEAA687E" box="[228,273,538,561]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Zou</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FE89B30CFEF5687E" box="[292,334,537,562]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FEF6B30CFE0E687D" box="[347,437,537,562]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FE65B30CFBF4687D" box="[456,1103,537,562]" collectingDate="1996-06-24" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. J. Bu" country="China" elevation="2400" location="Yunlong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FE65B30CFD91687D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FE65B30CFD91687D" box="[456,554,537,562]" country="China" name="Yunlong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Yunlong</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FD9BB30CFD35687E" box="[566,654,537,562]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2400.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FD9BB30CFD35687E" box="[566,654,537,562]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FD37B30CFCAF687D" box="[666,788,537,562]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1996-06-24">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FD37B30CFCAF687D" box="[666,788,537,562]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1996-06-24">24.vi.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FCFCB30FFC11687E" box="[849,938,538,561]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">W.J. Bu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC11B30CFC5E687E" box="[956,997,537,562]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FC41B30CFBFD687D" box="[1004,1094,537,562]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FBF7B30CFE676819" collectingDate="1998-06-05" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. J. Bu" country="China" elevation="2400" location="Yunlong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FBF7B30CFB07687D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FBF7B30CFB07687D" box="[1114,1212,537,562]" country="China" name="Yunlong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Yunlong</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FB65B30CFA88687D" box="[1224,1331,537,562]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1998-06-05">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FB65B30CFA88687D" box="[1224,1331,537,562]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1998-06-05">5.vi.1998</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FAEDB30CFA2C687E" box="[1344,1431,537,562]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2400.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FAEDB30CFA2C687E" box="[1344,1431,537,562]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FF61B32BFE91681A" box="[204,298,574,597]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">W.J. Bu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FEECB328FED5681A" box="[321,366,573,598]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FED7B328FE6F6819" box="[378,468,573,598]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FE41B328FB516819" box="[492,1258,573,598]" collectingDate="1998-06-05" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="W. J. Bu" country="China" elevation="2400" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Kunming" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
“Yunnan-Fou” [=
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FD16B328FC976819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FD16B328FC976819" box="[699,812,573,598]" country="China" name="Kunming" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Yunnan">Kunming</location>
]: “San-nen-Kai” (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC52B328FB96681A" box="[1023,1069,573,598]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FB94B328FBC6681A" box="[1081,1149,573,598]" count="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FB24B328FB596819" box="[1161,1250,573,598]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FB57B328FC6F6835" collectingDate="2001-08-01" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. B. Zhu" country="China" elevation="1300" location="Huguosi" municipality="Mt. Fanjing" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FB57B328FADA6819" bold="true" box="[1274,1377,573,598]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FB57B328FADA6819" box="[1274,1377,573,598]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FAD9B32BFF546835" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Mt. Fanjing</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FEACB374FED86835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FEACB374FED86835" box="[257,355,609,634]" country="China" municipality="Mt. Fanjing" name="Huguosi" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Guizhou">Huguosi</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FED8B374FE696836" box="[373,466,609,634]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FED8B374FE696836" box="[373,466,609,634]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FE48B374FDDB6835" box="[485,608,609,634]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2001-08-01">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FE48B374FDDB6835" box="[485,608,609,634]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2001-08-01">1.viii.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FD04B377FCA66835" box="[681,797,609,634]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">W.B. Zhu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC9BB374FCDF6836" box="[822,868,609,634]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FCDFB374FC776835" box="[882,972,609,634]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FC48B377FE7068D1" collectingDate="2001-08-03" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. B. Zhu" country="China" elevation="1400" location="Huguosi" municipality="Mt. Fanjing" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Guizhou">
same locality and collector,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FA97B374FA236836" box="[1338,1432,609,634]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1400.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FA97B374FA236836" box="[1338,1432,609,634]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FF3AB390FEAB68D1" box="[151,272,645,670]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2001-08-03">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FF3AB390FEAB68D1" box="[151,272,645,670]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2001-08-03">3.viii.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FE8CB390FEDA68D2" box="[289,353,645,670]" count="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FEC4B390FE7868D1" box="[361,451,645,670]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FE7AB393FB0568D1" box="[471,1214,645,670]" collectingDate="2001-08-03" collectionCode="R, NKUM" collectorName="Zhang" country="China" elevation="1400" location="Huguosi" municipality="Mt. Fanjing" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
same locality,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FDD4B390FD6A68D2" box="[633,721,645,670]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1400.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FDD4B390FD6A68D2" box="[633,721,645,670]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FD73B390FCE168D1" box="[734,858,645,670]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2001-08-03">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FD73B390FCE168D1" box="[734,858,645,670]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2001-08-03">3.viii.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FC3AB393FC1668D2" box="[919,941,646,669]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">R</collectionCode>
.L.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FC7DB390FBAC68D1" box="[976,1047,645,670]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Zhang</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FB86B390FBEF68D2" box="[1067,1108,645,670]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FBF1B390FB0D68D1" box="[1116,1206,645,670]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FB64B390FCE7688D" collectingDate="2004-08-17" collectingDateMax="2004-08-26" collectingDateMin="2004-08-17" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="F. M Shi" country="China" location="Dashahe Nature Reserve" municipality="Daozhen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FB64B390FA9468D1" box="[1225,1327,645,670]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Daozhen</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FA91B390FEF3688E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FA91B390FEF3688E" country="China" municipality="Daozhen" name="Dashahe Nature Reserve" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Guizhou">Dashahe Nature Reserve</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FEF9B3BCFDB3688D" box="[340,520,681,706]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2004-08-17" valueMax="2004-08-26" valueMin="2004-08-17">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FEF9B3BCFDB3688D" box="[340,520,681,706]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2004-08-17" valueMax="2004-08-26" valueMin="2004-08-17">1726.viii.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FDEBB3BFFD1B688D" box="[582,672,681,706]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">F.M Shi</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FD1CB3BCFD49688E" box="[689,754,681,706]" count="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FD57B3BCFCEF688D" box="[762,852,681,706]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FCC5B3BFFEDC68A9" collectingDate="2004-05-22" collectingDateMax="2004-08-26" collectingDateMin="2004-08-17" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. B. Zhu" country="China" elevation="1400" location="Dashahe Nature Reserve" municipality="Daozhen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
same locality,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FBA6B3BCFB12688E" box="[1035,1193,681,706]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1400.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1300.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FBA6B3BCFB12688E" box="[1035,1193,681,706]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1400.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1300.0">13001500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FB18B3BCFA9D688D" box="[1205,1318,681,706]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2004-05-22">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FB18B3BCFA9D688D" box="[1205,1318,681,706]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2004-05-22">22.v.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FAC9B3BFFF7F68A9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">W.B. Zhu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FF7BB3D8FF4568AA" box="[214,254,717,742]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FEA8B3D8FEE468A9" box="[261,351,717,742]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FEDFB3DBFB9B68A9" box="[370,1056,717,742]" collectingDate="2004-05-24" collectingDateMax="2004-08-26" collectingDateMin="2004-08-17" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. B. Zhu" country="China" elevation="1370" location="Dashahe Nature Reserve" municipality="Daozhen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
same locality and collector,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FD01B3D8FCB868AA" box="[684,771,717,742]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1370.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FD01B3D8FCB868AA" box="[684,771,717,742]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1370.0">1370 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FCA3B3D8FCC768A9" box="[782,892,717,742]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2004-05-24">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FCA3B3D8FCC768A9" box="[782,892,717,742]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2004-05-24">24.v.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC22B3D8FC0C68AA" box="[911,951,717,742]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FC13B3D8FBA368A9" box="[958,1048,717,742]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FB86B3DBFE606945" collectingDate="2004-05-25" collectingDateMax="2004-08-26" collectingDateMin="2004-08-17" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. B. Zhu" country="China" elevation="1300" location="Dashahe Nature Reserve" municipality="Daozhen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
same locality and collector,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FAC9B3D8FF146946" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FAC9B3D8FF146946" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FF13B3E4FE966945" box="[190,301,753,778]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2004-05-25">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FF13B3E4FE966945" box="[190,301,753,778]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2004-05-25">25.v.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FEEEB3E4FED56946" box="[323,366,753,778]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FED4B3E4FE686945" box="[377,467,753,778]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FE47B3E4FE2A6961" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="D. C. Graham" country="China" location="Heituhe" municipality="Guizhou" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
“Kweichow” [=
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FD06B3E4FCAA6945" box="[683,785,753,778]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Guizhou</collectingMunicipality>
], “Shih Men Kan” [=
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FBB8B3E4FBC86945" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FBB8B3E4FBC86945" box="[1045,1139,753,778]" country="China" municipality="Guizhou" name="Heituhe" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Guizhou">Heituhe</location>
], 11.vii.[19]34, coll.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FACAB3E4FF4A6961" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">D.C. Graham</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FEAEB200FE976962" box="[259,300,789,814]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FE9EB200FE326961" box="[307,393,789,814]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FE31B200FAFB6961" box="[412,1344,789,814]" collectionCode="HNHM" country="China" location="Guizhou" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
“Kiautschau” [=
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FDF7B200FD7B6961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FDF7B200FD7B6961" box="[602,704,789,814]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Guizhou">Guizhou</location>
], unknown locality, date and collector (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FBD1B200FB1E6962" box="[1148,1189,789,814]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FB01B200FB6D6962" box="[1196,1238,789,814]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FB70B200FA836961" box="[1245,1336,789,814]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">HNHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FAE6B200FBB7691D" collectingDate="1994-05-08" collectionCode="IZAS" collectorName="X. K. Yang" country="China" elevation="1400" location="Longmen River" municipality="Xingshan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hubei">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FAE6B200FA2F6961" bold="true" box="[1355,1428,789,814]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FAE6B200FA2F6961" box="[1355,1428,789,814]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hubei</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FF3AB22CFEBE691D" box="[151,261,825,850]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Xingshan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FEB8B22FFE76691D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FEB8B22FFE76691D" box="[277,461,825,850]" country="China" municipality="Xingshan" name="Longmen River" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Hubei">Longmen River</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FE73B22CFD81691E" box="[478,570,825,850]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1400.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FE73B22CFD81691E" box="[478,570,825,850]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FDE6B22CFD15691D" box="[587,686,825,850]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1994-05-08">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FDE6B22CFD15691D" box="[587,686,825,850]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1994-05-08">8.v.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FD59B22FFCCA691D" box="[756,881,826,850]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">X.K. Yang</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC25B22CFC0E691E" box="[904,949,825,850]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FC6FB22CFBBF691D" box="[962,1028,825,850]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/043p-ts4f" name="Institut Zoologii Akademii Nauk Ukraini - Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">IZAS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FBB1B22CFC0F6939" collectingDate="2010-07-27" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. J. Bu" country="China" county="Tongshan County" elevation="1580" location="Mt. Jiugong" municipality="Xianning" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hubei">
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FBB1B22CFB3C691D" box="[1052,1159,825,850]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Xianning</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="D37831D50E69FFD8FB35B22CFADE691D" box="[1176,1381,825,850]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tongshan County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FAD9B22FFF486939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FAD9B22FFF486939" country="China" county="Tongshan County" municipality="Xianning" name="Mt. Jiugong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Hubei">Mt. Jiugong</location>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FF52B248FE3B6939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FF52B248FE3B6939" box="[255,384,861,886]" country="China" county="Tongshan County" municipality="Xianning" name="Tonggubao" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Hubei">Tonggubao</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5EE4BC0E69FFD8FE21B248FE5F693A" box="[396,484,861,886]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1580.0">
<elevation id="B18BAE6A0E69FFD8FE21B248FE5F693A" box="[396,484,861,886]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1580.0">1580 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FE5FB248FDCF6939" box="[498,628,861,886]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2010-07-27">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FE5FB248FDCF6939" box="[498,628,861,886]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2010-07-27">27.vii.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FD1FB24BFCB7693A" box="[690,780,862,885]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">W.J. Bu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC8DB248FCF2693A" box="[800,841,861,886]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FCFFB248FC166939" box="[850,941,861,886]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FC6CB248FE6769D5" collectingDate="2000-04-30" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="H. Y. Nie" country="China" location="Hupingshan" municipality="Shimen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hunan">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FC6CB248FBA86939" bold="true" box="[961,1043,861,886]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FC6CB248FBA86939" box="[961,1043,861,886]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hunan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="DA7DD3230E69FFD8FB8EB248FBC76939" box="[1059,1148,861,886]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Shimen</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FB25B248FAA96939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FB25B248FAA96939" box="[1160,1298,861,886]" country="China" municipality="Shimen" name="Hupingshan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Hunan">Hupingshan</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FAB2B248FA2C6939" box="[1311,1431,861,886]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2000-04-30">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FAB2B248FA2C6939" box="[1311,1431,861,886]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2000-04-30">30.iv.2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FF67B297FE9469D5" box="[202,303,897,922]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H.Y. Nie</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FEE9B294FED469D6" box="[324,367,897,922]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FED4B294FE6F69D5" box="[377,468,897,922]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FE44B294FF4269F1" collectingDate="2007-07-28" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. B. Zhu" country="China" location="Wuyanling" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FE44B294FDEF69D5" bold="true" box="[489,596,897,922]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FE44B294FDEF69D5" box="[489,596,897,922]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FDCBB294FD5A69D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FDCBB294FD5A69D5" box="[614,737,897,922]" country="China" name="Wuyanling" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Zhejiang">Wuyanling</location>
[National Nature Reserve],
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FB84B294FB1769D5" box="[1065,1196,897,922]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-28">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FB84B294FB1769D5" box="[1065,1196,897,922]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-28">28.vii.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FB40B297FAE769D5" box="[1261,1372,897,922]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">W.B. Zhu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FADCB294FA2769D6" box="[1393,1436,897,922]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FF3AB2B0FF4A69F1" box="[151,241,933,958]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FEA9B2B3FC1E69F1" box="[260,933,933,958]" collectingDate="2007-07-26" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="G. P. Zhu" country="China" location="Mt. Fengyang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang">
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FEA9B2B3FE1F69F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FEA9B2B3FE1F69F1" box="[260,420,934,958]" country="China" name="Mt. Fengyang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Zhejiang">Mt. Fengyang</location>
,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FE1DB2B0FD8969F1" box="[432,562,933,958]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-26">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FE1DB2B0FD8969F1" box="[432,562,933,958]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-26">26.vii.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FDC2B2B0FD7569F1" box="[623,718,933,958]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">G.P. Zhu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FD4CB2B0FCB169F2" box="[737,778,933,958]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FCBCB2B0FC8769F2" box="[785,828,933,958]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FCEEB2B0FC2669F1" box="[835,925,933,958]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FC1DB2B3FEAD69AD" collectingDate="2007-07-27" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. B. Zhu" country="China" location="Mt. Fengyang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang">
same locality,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FBFFB2B0FB6F69F1" box="[1106,1236,933,958]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-27">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FBFFB2B0FB6F69F1" box="[1106,1236,933,958]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-27">27.vii.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FABDB2B3FAC669F1" box="[1296,1405,933,958]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">W.B. Zhu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FA3DB2B0FF1769AE" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FF19B2DCFEB569AD" box="[180,270,969,994]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FE8FB2DFFC2669AD" box="[290,925,969,994]" collectingDate="2007-07-29" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. B. Zhu" country="China" location="Mt. Fengyang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang">
same locality,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FE6BB2DCFDF369AD" box="[454,584,969,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-29">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FE6BB2DCFDF369AD" box="[454,584,969,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-29">29.vii.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FD2AB2DFFD4E69AD" box="[647,757,969,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">W.B. Zhu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FCA4B2DCFC8969AE" box="[777,818,969,994]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FC96B2DCFC2E69AD" box="[827,917,969,994]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FC04B2DFFF426E49" collectingDate="2007-07-29" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="G. P. Zhu" country="China" location="Mt. Fengyang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Zhejiang">
same locality and date, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FB44B2DCFAF169AD" box="[1257,1354,969,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">G.P. Zhu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FAF6B2DCFA2769AE" box="[1371,1436,969,994]" count="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FF3AB2F8FF4A6E49" box="[151,241,1005,1030]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FEA8B2FBFBE16E49" box="[261,1114,1005,1030]" collectingDate="2007-07-30" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="G. P. Zhu &amp; Z. H. Fan" country="China" location="Mt. Fengyang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Zhejiang">
same locality,
<date id="4E186F990E69FFD8FE05B2F8FD916E49" box="[424,554,1005,1030]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-30">
<collectingDate id="5E5C96710E69FFD8FE05B2F8FD916E49" box="[424,554,1005,1030]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-07-30">30.vii.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FDC4B2F8FD726E49" box="[617,713,1005,1030]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">G.P. Zhu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FD5DB2FBFCEE6E4A" box="[752,853,1006,1029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Z.H. Fan</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FCCBB2F8FC1C6E4A" box="[870,935,1005,1030]" count="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FC1DB2F8FC4B6E4A" box="[944,1008,1005,1030]" count="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FC55B2F8FBE96E49" box="[1016,1106,1005,1030]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FBCBB2FBFDB86E65" collectingDate="2007-07-30" collectionCode="NKUM" collectorName="W. B. Zhu" country="China" location="Mt. Fengyang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Zhejiang">
same locality and date, leg.
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FF3AB507FEB86E65" box="[151,259,1041,1066]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">W.B. Zhu</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FEB9B504FEE86E66" box="[276,339,1041,1066]" count="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">5 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FEF7B504FE226E66" box="[346,409,1041,1066]" count="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FE0DB504FE406E65" box="[416,507,1041,1066]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NKUM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8ACE43040E69FFD8FDA3B504FE896E01" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="N. W. Fokien" country="China" location="Kualun" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Fujian">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FDA3B504FDE66E65" bold="true" box="[526,605,1041,1066]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FDA3B504FDE66E65" box="[526,605,1041,1066]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fujian</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName id="97532C8F0E69FFD8FDC1B507FD406E65" box="[620,763,1041,1066]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">N.W. Fokien</collectorName>
[= Fujian],
<location id="3F791F820E69FFD8FC2CB504FC6F6E65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20FF84F0E6EFFD8FF3AB61AFBF36DE1:3F791F820E69FFD8FC2CB504FC6F6E65" box="[897,980,1041,1066]" country="China" name="Kualun" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Fujian">Kualun</location>
[Mts.], unknown collector, B.M. 99-252 (
<specimenCount id="2CA082D00E69FFD8FF0FB520FF716E02" box="[162,202,1077,1102]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="5CB7D19C0E69FFD8FF7CB520FE916E01" box="[209,298,1077,1102]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E69FFD8FF6AB54CFE086F4D" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E69FFD8FF6AB54CFE086F4D" blockId="36.[151,1437,249,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FF6AB54CFEFA6E3D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1113,1138]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Similar to
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FE6EB54FFDF66E3D" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[451,589,1113,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FE6EB54FFDF66E3D" box="[451,589,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it can be distinguished by the following characters: antennal segment IIa distinctly longer than IIb; humeral processes yellowish to orange, anterior margin of base of the process usually darkened, posterior half of pronotum concolorous with scutellum. The most easily noticeable diagnostic character is the short posterior projections of the genital capsule (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E69FFD8FC83B5D0FC696E91" box="[814,978,1221,1246]" captionStart="FIGURES 105108" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,219,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-59@33.[151,1436,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 105108. Acanthosoma spp., males. Fig. 105, A. rufescens (China: Yunnan: Ruili), dorsal view; Fig. 106, same, ventral view; Fig. 107, A. sichuanense (China: Yunnan: Baoshan), dorsal view; Fig. 108, same, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950776/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 107108</figureCitation>
); the paramere has short, robust apical branches (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E69FFD8FEA4B5FCFE1C6F4D" box="[265,423,1257,1282]" captionStart="FIGURES 109118" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-153@37.[151,1436,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 109118. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 109, A. rufescens, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 110, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Figs 111112, right paramere, two different views; Fig. 113, apex of female abdomen, ventral view; Fig. 114, A. sichuanense, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 115, same, ventral view; Figs 116117, right paramere, two different aspects; Fig. 118, apex of female abdomen, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950778/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 116117</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E69FFD8FF6AB418FB586C99" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E69FFD8FF6AB418FF436F95" blockId="36.[151,1437,249,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FF6AB418FD616F69" bold="true" box="[199,730,1293,1318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description of male and female terminalia.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FD48B418FC9C6F69" box="[741,807,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Male.</emphasis>
Genital capsule (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E69FFD8FC5BB418FB2E6F69" box="[1014,1173,1293,1318]" captionStart="FIGURES 109118" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-153@37.[151,1436,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 109118. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 109, A. rufescens, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 110, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Figs 111112, right paramere, two different views; Fig. 113, apex of female abdomen, ventral view; Fig. 114, A. sichuanense, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 115, same, ventral view; Figs 116117, right paramere, two different aspects; Fig. 118, apex of female abdomen, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950778/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 114115</figureCitation>
) with a pair of lateral projections much shorter than those of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FDE4B427FD696F05" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[585,722,1329,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FDE4B427FD696F05" box="[585,722,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, directed posteriad, not reaching tip of membrane in rest, with a tuft of setae apically; dorsal rim without weak sinuation around middle; ventral rim broadly incised, with a pair of setal patches submedially, its infolding with two pairs of setal tufts laterad of paramere sockets and another pair subapically. Paramere (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E69FFD8FE0EB488FDFA6FF9" box="[419,577,1437,1462]" captionStart="FIGURES 109118" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-153@37.[151,1436,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 109118. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 109, A. rufescens, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 110, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Figs 111112, right paramere, two different views; Fig. 113, apex of female abdomen, ventral view; Fig. 114, A. sichuanense, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 115, same, ventral view; Figs 116117, right paramere, two different aspects; Fig. 118, apex of female abdomen, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950778/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 116117</figureCitation>
) with a biramous apex, both branches stout, obtuse, stem with a tubercle laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E69FFD8FF6AB4F0FCF56C6D" blockId="36.[151,1437,249,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FF6AB4F0FEA06FB1" box="[199,283,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E69FFD8FE83B4F0FE2F6FB1" box="[302,404,1509,1534]" captionStart="FIGURES 109118" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-153@37.[151,1436,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 109118. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 109, A. rufescens, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 110, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Figs 111112, right paramere, two different views; Fig. 113, apex of female abdomen, ventral view; Fig. 114, A. sichuanense, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 115, same, ventral view; Figs 116117, right paramere, two different aspects; Fig. 118, apex of female abdomen, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950778/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of ventrite VII with a deep, U-shaped incision margined with black; posterior margin of laterotergites VIII rather broadly rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1949590E69FFD8FF6AB738FB586C99" blockId="36.[151,1437,249,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FF6AB738FEAA6C09" bold="true" box="[199,273,1581,1606]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Notes.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="E51DF7FB0E69FFD8FEF8B73BFE3E6C09" box="[341,389,1582,1606]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FDB0B738FC8E6C09" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1980" box="[541,821,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichuanensis">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FDB0B738FC8E6C09" box="[541,821,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Anaxandra sichuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not found in TMNH (S.L. Hao,
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FB53B73BFA376C0A" box="[1278,1420,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pers. comm.</emphasis>
), NKUM and IZAS; however, the species can readily be recognized by the original description and accompanying illustrations (
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E69FFD8FE84B760FE2F6CC1" author="Liu, S. L." box="[297,404,1653,1678]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="233 - 242" refId="ref41266" refString="Liu, S. L. (1980) Six new species of Acanthosomatidae from China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zoological Research, 1 (2), 233-242. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1980">Liu 1980</bibRefCitation>
). The species is transferred into
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FD56B760FC286CC1" box="[763,915,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FD56B760FC286CC1" box="[763,915,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a result of the proposed synonymy between
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FF3AB78CFE8B6CFD" box="[151,304,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FF3AB78CFE8B6CFD" box="[151,304,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FEDCB78CFE566CFD" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1876" box="[369,493,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Anaxandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FEDCB78CFE566CFD" box="[369,493,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Anaxandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FDACB78CFC956CFD" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Rédei" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[513,814,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichuanense">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FDACB78CFC956CFD" box="[513,814,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthosoma sichuanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highly similar to
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FB81B78FFB016CFD" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[1068,1210,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FB81B78FFB016CFD" box="[1068,1210,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; for facilitating its recognition the external genitalia of the male (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E69FFD8FD31B7A8FC8D6C99" box="[668,822,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 109118" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-153@37.[151,1436,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 109118. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 109, A. rufescens, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 110, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Figs 111112, right paramere, two different views; Fig. 113, apex of female abdomen, ventral view; Fig. 114, A. sichuanense, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 115, same, ventral view; Figs 116117, right paramere, two different aspects; Fig. 118, apex of female abdomen, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950778/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 114117</figureCitation>
) and female (
<figureCitation id="A29D55DC0E69FFD8FC62B7A8FB896C99" box="[975,1074,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 109118" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-153@37.[151,1436,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 109118. Diagnostic characters of Acanthosoma spp. Fig. 109, A. rufescens, apex of abdomen of male, ventral view; Fig. 110, same, genital capsule, dorsal view; Figs 111112, right paramere, two different views; Fig. 113, apex of female abdomen, ventral view; Fig. 114, A. sichuanense, genital capsule, dorsal view; Fig. 115, same, ventral view; Figs 116117, right paramere, two different aspects; Fig. 118, apex of female abdomen, ventral view. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14950778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14950778/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 118</figureCitation>
) are illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BC1AD20E69FFD8FF6AB7F4FBF36DE1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3A1949590E69FFD8FF6AB7F4FBF36DE1" blockId="36.[151,1437,249,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FF6AB7F4FEDB6CB5" bold="true" box="[199,352,1761,1786]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
The species is widely distributed all over the Oriental parts of China south of the Yangtze River. Although so far it is only known to occur in China, it likely occurs in neighbouring parts of India, Burma, Laos and Vietnam too. At least part of the records of
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FD25B63FFCA96D0D" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[648,786,1833,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FD25B63FFCA96D0D" box="[648,786,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Chinese authors probably pertains to this species (see above under
<taxonomicName id="FDA632DA0E69FFD8FE87B65BFE0F6D29" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[298,436,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Acanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FE87B65BFE0F6D29" box="[298,436,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="5E3734A80E69FFD8FE61B65BFD206D29" author="Han, Y. &amp; Liu, G. Q." box="[460,667,1869,1894]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="157 - 160" refId="ref38703" refString="Han, Y. &amp; Liu, G. Q. (2010) Hemiptera: Acanthomatidae [sic]. In: Xu, H. C. &amp; Ye, T. X. (Eds.), Insects of Fengyangshan National Nature Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 157-160. [10 + 396 pp., 8 unnumbered plates, in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="2010">Han &amp; Liu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
listed it from several provinces of China and a number of countries from India to Australia, but these data are obviously erroneous and therefore they are not repeated here.—
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FA9AB664FF4C6DE1" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingCountry id="42B109C90E69FFD8FA9AB664FA2D6DC5" box="[1335,1430,1905,1930]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FF3AB680FF4C6DE1" box="[151,247,1941,1966]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FEA2B680FE286DE1" bold="true" box="[271,403,1941,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FEA2B680FE286DE1" box="[271,403,1941,1966]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FE01B680FDB26DE1" bold="true" box="[428,521,1941,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FE01B680FDB26DE1" box="[428,521,1941,1966]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FD8CB680FD336DE1" bold="true" box="[545,648,1941,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FD8CB680FD336DE1" box="[545,648,1941,1966]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FD0DB680FD526DE1" bold="true" box="[672,745,1941,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FD0DB680FD526DE1" box="[672,745,1941,1966]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hubei</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FCACB680FCEF6DE1" bold="true" box="[769,852,1941,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FCACB680FCEF6DE1" box="[769,852,1941,1966]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hunan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FCC1B680FC6C6DE1" bold="true" box="[876,983,1941,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FCC1B680FC6C6DE1" box="[876,983,1941,1966]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!;
<emphasis id="08D2954B0E69FFD8FC5DB680FB846DE1" bold="true" box="[1008,1087,1941,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="F86287BB0E69FFD8FC5DB680FB846DE1" box="[1008,1087,1941,1966]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fujian</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
!
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>