From 19688c905d826a1c0ed8b74fde2309c5ee0f409b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2024 00:32:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-10-02 00:30:08 --- .../87/03828791FFCEFFC6FF7C63DDFCBAFA8C.xml | 87 +- .../DE/038EDE173D22FF91FF0ADBF3B4B41618.xml | 394 ++++++ .../DE/038EDE173D26FF92FF0AD9F9B319158C.xml | 336 +++++ .../87/03B587AEFFE2FFC339BCFF30D3A68B06.xml | 111 ++ .../87/03B587AEFFE3FFC239BCFC88D1828DC1.xml | 412 +++++++ .../87/03B587AEFFE7FFC639BCFDBAD2F988BF.xml | 108 ++ .../87/03BC87EAAE3AFF8785B6FE8A380DBEF9.xml | 585 +++++++++ .../CD/03D9CD7CFFB2FFE1FF1CF943FDC30806.xml | 153 +++ .../87/03E987C3FF810666FF293AE06F62FE1A.xml | 178 +++ .../87/03E987C3FF830660FF293C806A4AFE8A.xml | 177 +++ .../CC/1059CC60FD20FF9BFF4ED21B887CFD43.xml | 312 +++++ .../87/460C87B0FFF0FF82728CFA9C2A82FE05.xml | 149 +-- .../84/9E5C8425FFD43F22E2AAF80CB6AFF7E7.xml | 65 +- .../87/D84E87AFF413FFAFFF3E04B1FBF4F86A.xml | 190 +++ .../AE/EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71.xml | 901 ++++++++++++++ .../AE/EC0BAE2F0F5FFFCD7C87FF011849F814.xml | 1086 +++++++++++++++++ 16 files changed, 5097 insertions(+), 147 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/03/8E/DE/038EDE173D22FF91FF0ADBF3B4B41618.xml create mode 100644 data/03/8E/DE/038EDE173D26FF92FF0AD9F9B319158C.xml create mode 100644 data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE2FFC339BCFF30D3A68B06.xml create mode 100644 data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE3FFC239BCFC88D1828DC1.xml create mode 100644 data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE7FFC639BCFDBAD2F988BF.xml create mode 100644 data/03/BC/87/03BC87EAAE3AFF8785B6FE8A380DBEF9.xml create mode 100644 data/03/D9/CD/03D9CD7CFFB2FFE1FF1CF943FDC30806.xml create mode 100644 data/03/E9/87/03E987C3FF810666FF293AE06F62FE1A.xml create mode 100644 data/03/E9/87/03E987C3FF830660FF293C806A4AFE8A.xml create mode 100644 data/10/59/CC/1059CC60FD20FF9BFF4ED21B887CFD43.xml create mode 100644 data/D8/4E/87/D84E87AFF413FFAFFF3E04B1FBF4F86A.xml create mode 100644 data/EC/0B/AE/EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71.xml create mode 100644 data/EC/0B/AE/EC0BAE2F0F5FFFCD7C87FF011849F814.xml diff --git a/data/03/82/87/03828791FFCEFFC6FF7C63DDFCBAFA8C.xml b/data/03/82/87/03828791FFCEFFC6FF7C63DDFCBAFA8C.xml index d22b90fe359..2b2613276d0 100644 --- a/data/03/82/87/03828791FFCEFFC6FF7C63DDFCBAFA8C.xml +++ b/data/03/82/87/03828791FFCEFFC6FF7C63DDFCBAFA8C.xml @@ -1,57 +1,58 @@ - - - -Pluteus keselakii (Pluteaceae, Agaricales), a new species in section Celluloderma + + + +Pluteus keselakii (Pluteaceae, Agaricales), a new species in section Celluloderma - - -Author + + +Author -Ševčíková, Hana -Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, CZ - 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic +Ševčíková, Hana +Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, CZ - 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Moreau, Pierre-Arthur -Faculté de pharmacie, EA 4483 IMPECS, Université de Lille, F - 59000 Lille, France +Moreau, Pierre-Arthur +Faculté de pharmacie, EA 4483 IMPECS, Université de Lille, F - 59000 Lille, France - - -Author + + +Author -Borovička, Jan -Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, CZ - 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic +Borovička, Jan +Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, CZ - 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic -text - - -Phytotaxa +text + + +Phytotaxa - -2020 - -2020-02-10 + +2020 + +2020-02-10 - -432 + +432 - -2 + +2 - -181 -189 + +181 +189 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.7 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.7 -journal article -10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.7 -1179-3163 +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.7 +1179-3163 +13876583 @@ -65,9 +66,9 @@ sp. nov. -Figs. 2 +Figs. 2 , -3 +3 @@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ rDNA and -α). - + FIGURE 2. @@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ rDNA and holotype BRNM 817402: a basidiospores, b basidia, c pleurocystidia, d cheilocystidia, e pileipellis elements, f caulocystidia. Scale bar = 10 μm. Illustrated by Hana Ševčíková. - + FIGURE 3. diff --git a/data/03/8E/DE/038EDE173D22FF91FF0ADBF3B4B41618.xml b/data/03/8E/DE/038EDE173D22FF91FF0ADBF3B4B41618.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..675ee3626dd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8E/DE/038EDE173D22FF91FF0ADBF3B4B41618.xml @@ -0,0 +1,394 @@ + + + +Taxonomic studies on Ophiorrhiza in Vietnam I: Ophiorrhiza hiepii and O. hainanensis, a new species and new record from northern Vietnam + + + +Author + +Liu, Wen-Jian +College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China + + + +Author + +Gao, Qi +Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, China + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Khang Sinh +Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, - 100000, Vietnam + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Dzu Van +Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, - 100000, Vietnam & Graduated University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam + + + +Author + +Wu, Lei +College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-16 + + +429 + + +1 + + +65 +72 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.1.5 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.1.5 +1179-3163 +13876771 + + + + + + +Ophiorrhiza hiepii +L. Wu, Q. Gao & K.S. Nguyen + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Fig. 1 +, +2 +A-F) + + + + + +Type: +— +VIETNAM +. +Tuyen Quang province +: Na Hang District, +22°21′07.7″N +, +105°25′24.5″E +, alt. +255 m +, stream sides or wet places on the slopes under the densely evergreen broad-leaved forest, +20 June 2018 +(fl.), + +Lei Wu, Qi Gao, Su Juan Wei, Van Dzu Nguyen & Thinh, +VN +0025 + +( +holotype +: +CSFI +[063690], +isotypes +: +HN +, more than ten duplicates). + + + + +FIGURE 1. + +Ophiorrhiza hiepii +L. Wu, Q. Gao & K.S. Nguyen. A. Habit + +; B. Leaf, upper portion in adaxially view, lower portion in abaxially view. C. Stipule; D. Opened short-styled flower; E. Opened long-styled flowers; F. Infructescence in side view. Drawn from the holotype by Bi-Shan Li. + + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Ophiorrhiza hiepii +L. Wu, Q. Gao & K.S. Nguyen.A. Habit + +; B. Flowers in side view; C. Inflorescences in side view; D. Opened short-styled flower; E. Opened long-styled flowers; F. Infructescence in side view. + +O. subrubescens +Drake. G. Habit + +; H. Inflorescences in side view; I. Opened short-styled flower; k. Opened long-styled. Scales: B, D, E=5 mm, C, F, H, I, K=1 cm. Photographed by L. Wu and K.S. NGUYEN. + + + + +Diagnosis: +—Similar to + +Ophiorrhiza subrubescens +Drake (1895: 215) + +in its heterostylous flowers, bract shape, corolla shape and indumentum inside the corolla, but differing in plant stature and branching (in + +O. hiepii + +up to +45 cm +tall and usually unbranched vs. in + +O. subrubescens + +up to +80 cm +tall and 3–5 or sometimes to 8-branched), number of secondary veins (5–8 pairs vs. 7–10 pairs), inflorescence structure (cyme umbelliform and sub-congested vs. racemose and comparatively lax), corolla tube length ( +8–10 mm +long vs. +10–14 mm +long) and length of stigma lobes of short-styled flowers (ca. +1.5 mm +long vs. ca. +3 mm +long). + + + +FIGURE 3. + +Ophiorrhiza hainanensis +Y. C. Tseng. A. Habit + +; B. Flower in side view; C. Flower in face view; D. Opened flower. Drawn from +Lei Wu, Qi Gao, Su Juan Wei, Van Dzu Nguyen & Thinh, VN0001 +by Bi-Shan Li. + + + +Herbs, weak to sub-erect, to +45 cm +tall; stems puberulent. Leaves usually in obviously unequal pairs; petiole +0.3–1.5 cm +long, puberulent; blade drying papery, adaxially dark green to green, abaxially pale green, obovate-elliptic, elliptic or ovate, 2.2–9.5 × +1.8–3.8 cm +, base cuneate to round, or sometimes truncated, margins entire, apex shortly acuminate, both surface glabrous, or abaxially pilosulous along principal veins; secondary veins 5–8 pairs; stipules usually persistent, broad ovate-triangular, apex acute, sparsely puberulent. Cyme umbelliform, terminal or sometimes axillary, drooping when young but sub-erect at anthesis, several to many flowered, sub-congested, puberulent; peduncles +2–3.5 cm +, puberulent; bracts subulate, +2–5.5 mm +long, puberulent. Flowers distylous, 5-merous. Calyx puberulent; hypanthium broadly compressed turbinate, 1.6–2.2 × +2.5–3 mm +; lobes broadly triangular, to ca. +0.5 mm +long. Corolla tubular, puberulent outside, tube +8–10 mm +long, slender, slightly inflated at base; lobes elliptic-triangular, 2.8–3.2 × ca. +1.8 mm +; stamens 5; stigmas bilobed. Long-styled form: corolla tube inside with a pubescent ring of long hair above the middle and puberulent above middle and onto lobes; anthers oblong, ca. +1.8 mm +long, inserted near the middle of the corolla tubes; stigma positioned at the throat, lobes oblong, ca. +0.9 mm +long. Short-styled form: corolla tube inside pubescent near the lower 1/3 and puberulent above middle and onto lobes; anthers linear narrowly oblong, ca. 2.0 mm long, positioned near the throat of the corolla tubes; stigma inserted a little below the middle of the corolla tubes, lobes lanceolate, ca. +1.5 mm +long. Capsules obcordate, ca. 3–4.5 × +6–8.5 mm +, puberulent. Seeds many, angular. + + +Phenology: +—Flowers from March to June; fruits from April to possibly July. + + + + +Etymology: +—The specific epithet is derived from the name of Dr. Nguyen Tien Hiep, the famous botanist of +Vietnam +, who has been devoted to the plant research and botanical conservation for +Vietnam +. + + +Conservation status: +—Because no special exploration was carried out to study its distribution, this species was expectedly regarded as a plant meeting criteria of “data deficit” (DD) in terms of the IUCN Red list categories and criteria (2016). + + + + +Distribution and habitat: +— + +Ophiorrhiza hiepii + +, is known so far from two populations, which are ca. +20 km +away from each other by north-west direction, in Na Hang and Lam Binh Districts of +Tuyen Quang Province +, Northern +Vietnam +. The new species usually grows at an elevation of +250–400 m +a.s.l., under the remnant primary evergreen broad-leaved forests on limestone mountains typically with + +Excentrodendron tonkinense +(A.Chiev.) H.T.Chang & R.H.Miao + +, + +Garcinia +spp + +, + +Rothmannia daweishanensis +Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen + +, + +Streblus ilicifolius +(S.Vidal) Corner + +, + +Alphonsea tonkinensis +A. DC. + +, + +Aspidistra +spp. + +, + +Impatiens +spp. + +, + +Begonia +spp. + +, + +Strobilanthes +spp. + +, + +Lysimachia baviensis +C.M. Hu + +and + +L. insignis +Hemsl. + + + + +FIGURE 4. + +Ophiorrhiza hainanensis +Y. C. Tseng. A. Habit + +; B. inflorescence in side view; C. Opened flower; D. Infructescence in side view. + +O. nutans +C. B. Clarke ex J. D. Hooker + +: E. habit; F. inflorescence in side view; G. Opened long-styled flower; H. Opened short-styled flower. Scales: 5 mm. Photographed by L. Wu. + + + + +Additional specimen examined ( +paratypes +): + +— + +VIETNAM +. +Tuyen Quang province +: +Lam Binh District +, +Thuong Lam Commune +, +Deo But-Nhieu Lai +route, at elevation of + +350 m +a.s.l. + +, around point +N 22°30′07″ +, +E105°19′26″ +, + +9 April 2019 + +, + +Khang Sinh Nguyen et al. +NSK 1224 + +( +CSFI +, +HN +) + +; + +Ibid +, at elevation of + +380 m +a.s.l. + +, around point +N 22°30′10″ +, +E105°19′16″ +, + +9 April 2019 + +, + +Khang Sinh Nguyen et al., +NSK 1235 + +( +HN +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8E/DE/038EDE173D26FF92FF0AD9F9B319158C.xml b/data/03/8E/DE/038EDE173D26FF92FF0AD9F9B319158C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8ed34e91ec3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8E/DE/038EDE173D26FF92FF0AD9F9B319158C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ + + + +Taxonomic studies on Ophiorrhiza in Vietnam I: Ophiorrhiza hiepii and O. hainanensis, a new species and new record from northern Vietnam + + + +Author + +Liu, Wen-Jian +College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China + + + +Author + +Gao, Qi +Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, China + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Khang Sinh +Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, - 100000, Vietnam + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Dzu Van +Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, - 100000, Vietnam & Graduated University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam + + + +Author + +Wu, Lei +College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-16 + + +429 + + +1 + + +65 +72 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.1.5 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.1.5 +1179-3163 +13876771 + + + + + + + + +Ophiorrhiza hainanensis +Y. C. +Tseng (1974: 582) + + +( +Fig. 3 +& +4A–D +) + + + + + + + +Type +: + +— +CHINA +. +Hainan province +: Qiongzhong county, Wuzhi mountain, alt. +255 m +, wet places, +23 December 1933 +(fr.), +Zhi Huang 35832 +( +type +: +IBSC +[0473465]!). + + +Herbs, ascending, +15–30 cm +tall; stems puberulent with unicellular trichomes. Leaves in subequal pairs; petiole +0.5–1.5 cm +, puberulent; blade drying thinly papery, adaxially dark green, abaxially pale green, elliptic to ovate, 4.5–13 × +2.5–5.5 cm +, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pilosulous along principal veins, base obtuse to acute, margins entire, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; secondary veins 7–13 pairs; stipules persistent, triangular, usually 2-lobed; lobe +3–10 mm +long, aristate-acuminate. Inflorescence congested-cymose, several flowered, puberulent; peduncles +0.5–1 cm +, stout; bracts narrowly oblong, +5–11 mm +, viscid ciliate. Flowers homostylous with stigma and anther both included at or a little above the middle of corolla tube. Calyx sparsely puberulent; hypanthium 1.8–2.2 × +2–3 mm +; lobes triangular, to ca. +1 mm +. Corolla tubular, glabrous outside, densely pubescent at throat of corolla tube inside; tube +5–8 mm +long; lobes triangular-ovate, 1.8–2.2 × ca. +1.5 mm +. Stamens 5; anthers +1.4–1.6 mm +long, linear, dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally. Stigmas 2-lobed; lobe lanceolate, ca. +2.5 mm +. Capsules obcordate, ca. 3–5 × +6–9 mm +, sparsely puberulent. Seeds many, angular. + + +Phenology: +—Flowering March to June, fruiting July to December. + + +Conservation status: +—Because the populations found in +Vietnam +and +China +are with large numbers of individuals and distributed in protected areas, we estimate that this species will not become extinct. Thus, following the +IUCN +red list categories and criteria (2016), the conservation status of this species is Least Concern ( +LC +). + + +Specimen data: +― + +VIETNAM +. +Vinh Phuc Province +: +Tam Dao National Park +, +21°27′31″N +, +105°38′31″E +, alt. + +1049 m + +, + +25 October 2017 + +, + +Nian He Xia +, +Jing Bo Ni +, +Yi Hua Tong +& +Xi Rong +, TYH-1325 + +( +CSFI +, +IBSC +) + +; + +Vinh Phuc Province +, +Tam Dao National Park +, +21°27′38.19″N +, +105°38′56.13″E +, alt. + +950 m + +, + +18 May 2018 + +, + +Lei Wu +, +Qi Gao +, +Su Juan Wei +, +Van Dzu Nguyen +& +Thinh + + +, + + +VN +0001 + +( +CSFI +, +HN +, ten duplicates) + +. + + + + +Discussion +:— + +Ophiorrhiza hainanensis + +, previously known only from +China +, was published by +Tseng (1974) +based on five collections from Wuzhi mountain of central +Hainan +, all of which are fruiting materials or with flower buds. However, the species is distinguishable by its persistent and triangular stipules with aristate-acuminate apex and congested-cymose infructescence with peduncles +0.5–1 cm +long, elliptic-oblong to oblong bracts and several compressed capsules. During our plant surveys of Tam Dao National Park in +Vinh Phuc Province +, both flowers and fruits of this species were discovered. Therefore, we report this species as a new record for the flora of +Vietnam +and measured its mature flowers, which were totally unknown before, in the wild for the supplemental description of the floral characters. + + +Owing to their similar vegetative appearance as well as the insufficient information of + +O. hainanensis + +in flower, the relationship between + +O. hainanensis + +and + +Ophiorrhiza nutans +C. B. Clarke ex J. D. +Hooker (1880: 84 + +, +Fig. 2E–H +) has always been confusing. +Lo (1999) +differentiated these two taxa by the indumentum covering the plant and the number of the secondary veins, viz. + +O. hainanensis + +has unicellular pubescence on most surfaces of its plant parts and leaves with secondary veins 15–17 pairs while + +O. nutans + +has dense and multicellular trichomes and leaves with 9–15 pairs secondary veins.After examining specimens of both taxa, however, +Duan and Lin (2007) +concluded that these two were conspecific because the range of variation of the above characters overlap with each other for some specimens, and hence + +O. hainanensis + +was reduced to a synonym of + +O. nutans + +. Despite noticing the revision work, + +O. hainanensis + +was provisionally retained as a different species from + +O. nutans + +in the recently published work by +Chen and Taylor (2011) +, based on the color of the plant after drying and the distribution other than the diagnostic characters given by +Lo (1999) +. In the present study, we confirm that + +O. hainanensis + +and + +O. nutans + +are two distinct species. + +O. hainanensis + +can be recognized from + +O. nutans + +by its peduncles which are +0.5–1 cm +long (vs. +1–6 cm +long), homostylous flowers (vs. distylous), stigma and anthers which are both included at or a little above the middle of corolla tube (vs. stigma at the throat while anthers a little below the middle of corolla tube in the long styled flower, and stigma inserted at 1/3 lower part while anthers near 2/3 upper part of corolla tube in the short styled flower). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE2FFC339BCFF30D3A68B06.xml b/data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE2FFC339BCFF30D3A68B06.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d65ab1d8bda --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE2FFC339BCFF30D3A68B06.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + + +Taxonomic notes on Ilex sect. Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from China II: Revision of I. fargesii and related species based on molecular and morphological evidence + + + +Author + +Yang, Yi +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. + + + +Author + +Chen, Li +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. + + + +Author + +Sun, Lu +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. + + + +Author + +Peng, Hua +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-02-05 + + +432 + + +1 + + +47 +64 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.5 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.5 +1179-3163 +13876650 + + + + + +3. + +Ilex wattii +Loesener (1901: 322) + +. + + + + + +Type: +— + +INDIA +. +Manipur +, +Mao +, elev. ca. + +2300–2400 m + +, + +22 February 1882 + +, + +G. Watt +6165 + +( +lectotype +designated here +K-000669424!; +isolectotypes +E-00265714!, E-00265715!, P-02142098!) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE3FFC239BCFC88D1828DC1.xml b/data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE3FFC239BCFC88D1828DC1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7338221dd89 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE3FFC239BCFC88D1828DC1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,412 @@ + + + +Taxonomic notes on Ilex sect. Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from China II: Revision of I. fargesii and related species based on molecular and morphological evidence + + + +Author + +Yang, Yi +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. + + + +Author + +Chen, Li +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. + + + +Author + +Sun, Lu +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. + + + +Author + +Peng, Hua +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-02-05 + + +432 + + +1 + + +47 +64 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.5 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.5 +1179-3163 +13876650 + + + + + +2. + +Ilex pubifructa +Pruesapan, S.Andrews & D.A.Simpson + +(2017[21]: 1). + + + + + +Type: +— + +THAILAND +. +Chiang Mai +: +Doi Pui +, + +16 June 1968 + +, + +Beusekom +& +Phengkhlai +1295 + +( +holotype +K; +isotype +L-0759074!) + +. + + +Evergreen trees, up to +20 m +tall. Twigs pubescent or later glabrescent (the male individuals are usually more densely pubescent than the female ones). Young branches green to blackish-green, turning black when dried; third- to fourth-year branches scattering with obvious lenticels and usually thinly fissured. Terminal buds ovate, usually densely pubescent. Petioles +0.5–2 cm +long; leaf blades leathery, obovate, broadly elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, +4–14 cm +long, +2–6 cm +broad, glabrous above and densely pubescent to glabrous below, midvein slightly sunken above, prominent below, lateral veins 7–13 pairs, obscure or slightly sunken above, sub-prominent below, reticulate veins usually obscure on both surfaces, base cuneate to round, margin crenate to obscure denticulate with very obscure teeth, apex obtuse to slightly rounded to rounded acute. Inflorescences: cymes, fasciculate; rachises and pedicels pubescent; flowers whitish or yellowish, 4-merous. Male inflorescences: cymes of order 2, 3-flowered; rachises +5–20 mm +; bracts deltoid; pedicels +2–3 mm +; bracteoles 2; calyx patelliform, ca. +2 mm +in diam., 4-lobed; corolla ca. +7 mm +in diam., petals +4–5 mm +long; stamens as long as petals, anthers oblong; rudimentary ovary ovoid-conical. Female inflorescences: 1-flowered cymes; rachis +3–15 mm +, pedicels +2–5 mm +; calyx and petals as in male flowers; sterile anthers sagittate; ovary ovoid, densely pubescent, stigma discoid. Fruit red when ripe, sub-globose, 6–7.5 × +4–5 mm +, surface pubescent; pyrenes 4, subellipsoid, 3–6 × +2.5–4 mm +, abaxially and laterally irregular sulcate, pitted, endocarp woody. + + +Phenology +:— + +Ilex pubifructa + +flowers from March to April, its fruits ripen from August to September. + + + + +Distribution and habitat +:—This species is currently found in southwestern +China +( +Yunnan +) and northern +Thailand +( +Chiang Mai +, Lampoon), where it grows in montane forest at elevation range +700–2000 m +. The distribution information is showed in +Fig. 4 +. + + +Additional specimens examined +:— + +CHINA +. + +Yunnan + +: +Kunming City +, KIB (cultivated), elev. + +1940 m + +, + +6 April 2018 + +, + +Y. +Yang +OYY00062 + +( +♂ +) & +OYY00063 +( +♀ +) ( +KUN +), the same location, + +29 August 2016 + +, + +L. +Jiang +JL00467 + +( +KUN +) + +; + +Yimen County +, elev. ca. + +1850 m + +, + +31 July 2018 + +, + +H. +Peng +et al. OYY00087 + +( +KUN +) + +; + +Jianshui County +, +Pingjie-ba +to +Gantang +, elev. unknown, + +19 Mar 1941 + +, + +T. N. Liou +18356 + +(IBSC, PE) + +; + +Menghai (Fo-Hai) County +, elev. + +2000 m + +, + +July 1936 + +, + +C. W. +Wang +77406 + +(A ( +HUH +), HIB, IBSC, KUN, LBG, NAS, PE, WUK) + +. + +THAILAND +. + +Chiang Mai + +: +Banbahng Koom +, +Yahog Moeun Subdistrict +, +Doi Mon Angget +, elev. + +1300 m + +, + +16 May 1993 + +, + +J. F. Maxwell +93-435 + +(L) + +; + +between Sop Aep and Tat Noi +, elev. + +700 m + +, + +21 March 1967 + +, + +T. +Smitinand +et al. 10226 + +(L, P) + +. + + +Lampoon + +: +Mae Tah +, +Doi Kuhn Dahn National Park +, along the trail from +Yaw +2 to 3, elev. + +1125 m + +, + +2 March 1994 + +, + +J. F. Maxwell +94-304 + +(L) + +. + + + +Additional specimens of + +Ilex denticulata + +examined + +:— + +INDIA +. +Tamil Nadu +: +Mount. Nilagiri +, elevation and data unknown, + +R. Wight +438 + +(K, NY), + +R. Wight +490 + +(A ( +HUH +), E, K, P) + +; + +Mount. Nilagiri +, elevation unknown, 1854, + +Metz +1455 + +(A ( +HUH +)) and + +Metz +1456 + +(FI, K, P) + +; + +Yercad +, +Salem +, elev. + +1600 m + +, + +N. Venugopal +& +T. S. Jayaseelan +22412 + + +( +US +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE7FFC639BCFDBAD2F988BF.xml b/data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE7FFC639BCFDBAD2F988BF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..796db16d871 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B5/87/03B587AEFFE7FFC639BCFDBAD2F988BF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ + + + +Taxonomic notes on Ilex sect. Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from China II: Revision of I. fargesii and related species based on molecular and morphological evidence + + + +Author + +Yang, Yi +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. + + + +Author + +Chen, Li +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. + + + +Author + +Sun, Lu +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. + + + +Author + +Peng, Hua +CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-02-05 + + +432 + + +1 + + +47 +64 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.5 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.5 +1179-3163 +13876650 + + + + + +1. + +Ilex fargesii +Franchet (1898: 255) + +. + + + + + +Type: +— + +CHINA +. +Chongqing +: +Chengkou County +[ +Se-tchuen +, district +de Tchen Kéou +tin], + +R. P. Farges +763 + +( +holotype +P-00602154!; +isotypes +A ( +HUH +)-00049453!, E-00428550!, P-00492705!, P-00602155!, P-00602156!) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/BC/87/03BC87EAAE3AFF8785B6FE8A380DBEF9.xml b/data/03/BC/87/03BC87EAAE3AFF8785B6FE8A380DBEF9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..76ea77bc85d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/BC/87/03BC87EAAE3AFF8785B6FE8A380DBEF9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ + + + +Asarum koreanum (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Korea + + + +Author + +Oh, Ami +logitech@naver.com + + + +Author + +Leem, Hyosun +Division of Ecological Survey Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea + + + +Author + +Oh, Byoung-Un +logitech@naver.com + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-20 + + +429 + + +2 + + +173 +178 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.8 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.8 +1179-3163 +13876785 + + + + + + +Asarum koreanum +J. Kim et C. Yook ex B.U.Oh + +, + +sp. nov +. + +( +Figs. 1 +, +2 +, +3 +) + + + + + +Type +:— +KOREA +. +Chungcheongbuk-do +: Eumseong-gun, Mt. Gaseopsan, shady forest or forest edge in mountainous region, +563 m +, +36°57’54” N +, +127°42’03” E +, +4 May 1997 +, + +B +. +U +.Oh et al., 970504-1 + +( +holotype +CBU +!, +isotype +CBU +!). + + + + +Diagnosis +:— + +Asarum koreanum + +is morphologically similar to + +A. sieboldii + +, but is distinguished by purple leaves, larger flowers, and deep purple calyx lobes with dense multicellular glandular trichomes ( +Table 1 +). + + + +TABLE 1. +Morphological differences between + +Asarum koreanum + +and + +Asarum sieboldii + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Character + +Character state + + +A. koreanum + + + +A. sieboldii + +
+Leaf +
bladeadaxial colorusually purple, or rarely greengreen
abaxial colorpale green to purplepale green
apexacute or acuminateacute
petiolelength (cm)14.1–21.48.2–16.9
+Flower +
pedunclelength (cm)9.4–11.52.4–3.7
calyx tubelength (mm)12.3–14.78.1–12.1
calyx lobelength (mm)8.8–17.86.8–12.0
colordark purplepurple, or yellowish purple
glandular trichome density (no./mm2)1000–1333222–322
+ + + +FIGURE 1. +The difference in the density of the glandular trichomes on the adaxial surfaces of the calyx lobes between + +Asarum koreanum + +and + +Asarum sieboldii + +. A1–A2. + +A. sieboldii + +; B1–B2. + +A. koreanum + +. (Photographs: Hyosun Leem; modified from +Leem & Oh 2019 +). + + + + +FIGURE 2. +Holotype of + +Asarum koreanum +B.U.Oh, +B.U.Oh + +970504-1 +(CBU). + + + + +FIGURE 3. +Morphological characteristics of + +Asarum koreanum + +. A. Habit; B. Rhizome; C. Leaf (adaxial); D. Leaf (abaxial); E. Cataphyll; F. Apical view of flower; G. Lateral view of flower; H. Pistil and stamen; I. Seed (Photographs: Hyosun Leem). + + + +Perennial, +19.2–32.5 cm +tall. Rhizomes creeping, ivory to whitish purple, +3.1–16.5 cm +long, +1.4–4.4 mm +in diam. Cataphylls entire, trichomes on margin, whitish purple, 2–4; first scale +8.5–15.6 mm +long, +7.8–13.3 mm +wide; second scale 5.0– +9.8 mm +long, 6.0– +9.7 mm +wide. Leaves alternate, simple, paired in an individual with flower; petiole slightly haired, whitish purple to purple, +14.1–21.4 cm +long, +1.4–2.8 mm +in diam.; leaf blade cordate or ovate-cordate, apex acute or acuminate, margin entire, base cordate, +6.4–16.7 cm +long, +5.5–15.2 cm +wide; adaxial surface pubescent, with short hairs, purple to purplish green or green, purple to yellowish green on vein, variegation not observed; abaxial surface short haired on vein, purple or pale green. Inflorescence solitary; peduncle glabrous, purple or whitish purple, +9.4–11.5 cm +long, +0.3–2.4 mm +in diam. Flowers actinomorphic; calyx tube campanulate or cup-shaped, +12.3–14.7 mm +long, +13.4–14.9 mm +in diam.; outer surface pale brown; inner surface vertical ridge, purple; calyx lobes 3, deltoid and undulate, apex acuminate or cuspidate, not recurved, dark purple, +8.8–17.8 mm +long, +9.6–15.3 mm +wide; stamens 12; filaments slightly flattened, whitish purple, +2.7–3.1 mm +long, +0.6–0.7 mm +wide; anthers extrorse, oblong, yellow, +1.6–1.8 mm +long; ovary superior, placentation axilary, locules 6; styles radial, purple, +0.9–1.3 mm +long, protuberance +1.3–1.6 mm +tall, +1.5–1.9 mm +long; stigmas lateral, roundish and convex. Fruits a fleshy capsule, irregularly dehiscent when ripe. Seeds numerous, slightly curved, light brown, with whitish brown appendage, +3.3–3.8 mm +long, 1.8–2.0 mm in diam. + + + + +Distribution and habitat +:—The distribution of + +A. koreanum + +is restricted to the central region of +Korea +( +Chungcheongbuk-do +), including Mt. Gaseopsan, Mt. Gunjasan, Mt. Baegaksan, Mt. Wolaksan, Mt. Songnisan, Mt. Samtaesan, and Mt. Yongsanbong. The populations were found in shady forest or forest edge. + + +Phenology +:—Flowering is observed from April to June, and fruiting from June to August. + + +Chromosome number +:— + +Asarum koreanum + +has 2 +n +=26 chromosomes. + + +Additional specimens examined +: +— + +KOREA +. +Chungcheongbuk-do +: +Danyang-gun Samtaesan +, + +20 April 2012 + +, + +K +. +O +.Yoo et al., 86066 + +( +KWNU +!) + +; + +Danyang-gun Yongsanbong +, + +19 April 2012 + +, + +K +. +O +.Yoo et al., 85240 + +( +KWNU +!) + +; + +Boeun-gun Songnisan +, + +21 May 2005 + +, + +K +. +O +.Yoo et al., 74821 + +( +KWNU +!) + +. + + + +Specimens examined for + +Asarum sieboldii + + +: +— + +KOREA +. +Chungcheongbuk-do +: +Boeun-gun Gubyeongsan +, + +25 May 2013 + +, + +B +. +U +. +Oh +et al. + +, + +Boeun-gun +(gubyeongsan)-130525-317 + +( +CBU +!). +Jeollanam-do +: +Gurye-gun Imgeollyeong +, + +29 May 2010 + +, + +B +. +U +. +Oh +et al. + +, +100529-imgeollyeong-002 +( +CBU +!) + +; + +the same locality, + +29 May 2010 + +, + +B +. +U +. +Oh +et al. + +, +100529-imgeollyeong-011 +( +CBU +!) + +; + +the same locality, + +29 May 2010 + +, + +B +. +U +. +Oh +et al., 100529-imgeollyeong-024 + +( +CBU +!). +Gyeongsangbuk-do +: +Sangju-si Jungbeol-ri +, + +25 May 2013 + +, + +B +. +U +. +Oh +et al. + +, + +Sangju-si +(baekbaegaksan)-130525-108 + +( +CBU +!) + +; + +the same locality, + +25 May 2013 + +, + +B +. +U +. +Oh +et al. + +, + +Sangju-si +(baekbaegaksan)-130525-112 + +( +CBU +!) + +; + +the same locality, + +25 May 2013 + +, + +B +. +U +. +Oh +et al. + +, + +Sangju-si +(baekbaegaksan)-130525-121 + +( +CBU +!) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D9/CD/03D9CD7CFFB2FFE1FF1CF943FDC30806.xml b/data/03/D9/CD/03D9CD7CFFB2FFE1FF1CF943FDC30806.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b845959d8be --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D9/CD/03D9CD7CFFB2FFE1FF1CF943FDC30806.xml @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ + + + +Phedimus yangshanicus (Crassulaceae), a new species from limestone hills in Guangdong, China + + + +Author + +Chao, Zhi + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-20 + + +429 + + +2 + + +148 +156 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.5 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.5 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Phedimus yangshanicus +Z. Chao + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Fig. 1 +& +2 +) + + + + + +Diagnosis +:—This new species is easily distinguishable in the genus by its dimorphic leaves, i.e., pseudopetiolated big basal leaves nearly opposite due to the shortening of the nodes and persistent at anthesis, with alternate small leaves on the erect flowering stem. It is closely related to + +Ph. odontophyllus + +, but the latter differs in the creeping young, sterile shoots, and the ascending flowering stems with mostly opposite, dentate leaves of uniform size born in the upper part of the stems. + + + + +Type +:— +CHINA +. +Guangdong Province +: Yangshan county, Changfudong, growing on limestone rocks, +24°30′7″ N +, +112°53′14″ E +, elevation +380 m +, +6 April 2019 +(fl. & fr.), +Chao Zhi 2019040601 +( +holotype +, Southern Medical University herbarium, +SMU +!). + + + + +Description +:—Perennial herbs. Rootstock short, sometimes long and distinct, with 1–2 branches at the top and several slender roots below. Leaves alternate. Basal ones persistent at anthesis, nearly opposite due to shortening of the nodes; leaf blades oval, elliptic, long elliptic or obovate, +3.5–7 cm +long, +2.5–3.5 cm +wide, soft leathery, often purplish-red, midrib distinct, slightly prominent at the back of the leaf, apex obtuse or acute, margin nearly entire or slightly undulate, base narrowing into obvious pseudopetiole, +3–5 cm +long. Main stem stretching out at flowering stage, simple, erect, about +20 cm +high, often purple-red, internodes significantly elongated. Leaves on flowering stem much smaller than those at the base, obviously alternate, leaf blades suborbicular, about +1.2 cm +in diameter, margin shallowly dentate, pseudopetioles gradually shorter, +0.5–1.2 cm +in length. Cymes terminal, sometimes with axillary ones, subtended by a bracteal leaf, mostly 3-branched, obliquely spreading or spreading, branches scorpioid. Flowers sessile, bracteoles leafy. Sepals 5, triangular linear, +5–7 mm +long, apex obtuse, base enlarged. Petals 5, golden yellow, lanceolate-oblong, +7–10 mm +long, +2–3 mm +wide, apex long mucronate, base slightly narrow. Stamens 10, shorter than petals. Nectar scales 5, rectangular, ca. 1.0– +1.5 mm +wide, 0.8–1.0 mm high, apex slightly emarginated. Carpels 5, suberect, ovoidoblong, +4–5 mm +long, base connate for +0.5–0.7 mm +. Follicles stellately horizontal, usually purplish-red when ripening, ca. +7 mm +long, base connate for ca. +1 mm +, adaxially gibbous. Seeds numerous, striate. + + +Habitat and distribution +:—The new species was found only in its +type +locality. It inhabits limestone hills and rocks, at an elevation between ca. 200 and + +500 m +. + +Fl. and fr. Mar–Apr. + + + + +Etymology +:—The epithet refers to its +type +locality, Yangshan County. + + +Chinese name +:—Yangshan Feicai + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E9/87/03E987C3FF810666FF293AE06F62FE1A.xml b/data/03/E9/87/03E987C3FF810666FF293AE06F62FE1A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1a430276755 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E9/87/03E987C3FF810666FF293AE06F62FE1A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ + + + +Lectotypification Of Three Names In The Genus Capillipedium (Andropogoneae: Poaceae) + + + +Author + +Tiwari, Arjun Prasad +Regional Museum of Natural History, Mysore - 570 011, Karnataka, India + + + +Author + +Chorghe, Alok +Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History, Sawai Madhopur- 322001, Rajasthan, India + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-20 + + +429 + + +2 + + +186 +190 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.10 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.10 +1179-3163 +13876749 + + + + + +2. + +Capillipedium huegelii +( +Hackel 1889: 492 +) A. +Camus (1921: 306) + +. ( +Fig. 2 +) + + + + + +Basionym +:— + +Andropogon huegelii +Hackel (1889: 492) + +. + + + + +Lectotype +(designated here) + +:— +INDIA +. +Rajasthan +: + +Sirohi district +, + +Mount Abu +, + +J +. +F +. +Duthie + +6764 [ +W19160028261 +(digital image!)]. + + + + + +Distribution +:— +INDIA +: +Andhra Pradesh +, +Gujarat +, +Madhya Pradesh +, +Karnataka +, +Maharashtra +, +Rajasthan +, +Tamil Nadu +and +Uttarakhand +(endemic to the country; + +Singh +et al. +2015 + +). + + +Notes +:— +Hackel (1889) +described + +Andropogon huegelii + +based on two gatherings from +India +[Asia (Hügel n. +2243 in +h. Vind. +, verisimiliter, ut ex num. cit. patet, in +India +ad pades Himalayae lectus); Radschputana in m. Abu (Duthie in h. m.)], but no specific herbarium sheet was designated as the +holotype +. According to +Stafleu & Cowan (1976) +, Hackel’s type specimens are mainly housed at W, which was the herbarium where he deposited his collections, with duplicates sent to several herbaria. Attempts were made to locate the type specimens at W, as well as other herbaria (BM, GB & K). The two sheets of + +A. huegelii + +housed at W [ +J.F. Duthie +6764 (W19160028261!); +C.A.A. Hügel +2243 (W0027493!)] correspond to the original material cited by +Hackel (1889) +. These +two specimens +are +syntypes +, because a single specimen was not designated by +Hackel (1889) +as the type. We chose the sheet W19160028261 as the +lectotype +because it the best and having complete specimen with original annotation by Hackel. It is agrees well with the protologue. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E9/87/03E987C3FF830660FF293C806A4AFE8A.xml b/data/03/E9/87/03E987C3FF830660FF293C806A4AFE8A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..461d76342b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E9/87/03E987C3FF830660FF293C806A4AFE8A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ + + + +Lectotypification Of Three Names In The Genus Capillipedium (Andropogoneae: Poaceae) + + + +Author + +Tiwari, Arjun Prasad +Regional Museum of Natural History, Mysore - 570 011, Karnataka, India + + + +Author + +Chorghe, Alok +Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History, Sawai Madhopur- 322001, Rajasthan, India + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-20 + + +429 + + +2 + + +186 +190 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.10 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.10 +1179-3163 +13876749 + + + + + +3. + +Capillipedium pteropechys +(Clarke) +Stapf (1922 + +: sub t. 3085). ( +Fig. 3 +) + + + + + +Basionym +:— + +Andropogon pteropechys +Clarke (1889: 88) + +. + + + + +Lectotype +(designated here) + +:— +INDIA +. +Nagaland +: +Naga Hills +, +Kegwima +edge, + +10 November 1885 + +, + +C +. +B +. +Clarke + +61896 +C +[ +K001057406 +(digital image!)] + +. +Isolectotype +: K001057408 (digital image!). + + + + +Distribution +:— +INDIA +: +Assam +and +Nagaland +(endemic to the country; + +Singh +et al. +2015 + +). + + + +FIGURE 3. +Lectotype of + +Andropogon pteropechys +C.B. Clarke + +(barcode K001057406). [© The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reproduced with the consent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew] + + + +Notes +:—When +Clarke (1889) +described + +Andropogon pteropechys + +, he cited two gatherings [Kohima, alt. +5500 feet +(n. 41187); Jakpho, alt. +7500 feet +(n. 41896)] as part of the original material consulted. According to +Stafleu & Cowan (1976) +, Clarke’s collections are mainly housed at K and CAL, with duplicates in several herbaria. We found three sheets of specimens collected by Clarke at K [ +Nagaland +, Kegwima Edge, Naga Hills, +10 November 1885 +, +C.B. Clarke +61896C (K001057406!), 61896E (K001057408!); Kegwima, Naga Hills, +26 October 1885 +, +C.B. Clarke +41187A (K001057407!)] which bears all details in Clarke’s own handwriting. Besides, we also found one of Clarke’s collections in W (W19160028300!), annotated only as “ + +Andropogon pteropechys + +” in Clarke’s handwriting, without further details on the label. It is possible that he had used this specimen (W barcode W19160028300) as type when he published his work. The specimen 61896C (K001057406) is designated here as the +lectotype +because it bears details of date, locality, and number in C.B. Clarke’s own handwriting, an annotation as “sp nova”, and also illustrations of the floral parts made by Clarke that correspond to the original description ( +Fig. 3 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/10/59/CC/1059CC60FD20FF9BFF4ED21B887CFD43.xml b/data/10/59/CC/1059CC60FD20FF9BFF4ED21B887CFD43.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dea512aafec --- /dev/null +++ b/data/10/59/CC/1059CC60FD20FF9BFF4ED21B887CFD43.xml @@ -0,0 +1,312 @@ + + + +Thismia jianfenglingensis (Thismiaceae), a new species of fairy lantern from Hainan Island, China + + + +Author + +Xu, Han +Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, People’s Republic of China + + + +Author + +Yang, Haijun +Center of Experimental Teaching for Common Basic Courses, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China + + + +Author + +Lin, Mingxian +Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, People’s Republic of China + + + +Author + +Corrales, Adriana +Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Cr. 24 # 63 C- 69, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia + + + +Author + +Hogan, James Aaron +International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America + + + +Author + +Li, Yide +Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, People’s Republic of China + + + +Author + +Fang, Suqin +State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China # Co-first author + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-20 + + +429 + + +2 + + +179 +185 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.9 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Thismia jianfenglingensis +Han Xu, H.J. Yang and S.Q. Fang + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Figs. 1–3 +). 尖峰水玉杯 + + + + + +Diagnosis: +— + +Thismia jianfenglingensis + +most closely resembles + +T. hongkongensis + +, but differs from it by having the perianth tube dark-red and cylindrical-urceolate (not pinkish-white obpyriform-urceolate), the outer perianth lobes are embedded in the dome (not separated from the dome), the connective apex is slightly concave (not bidentate), the lateral appendage of the connective is entire (not trilobed) and the stigma lobe is acute (not rounded). + + + + +Type +:— + +CHINA +. +Hainan +: +Ledong County +, +Jianfengling National Nature Reserve +, +Wufengqu +, + +875 m + +, +18°43’41.0”N +, +108°53’59.6”E +, + +20 June 2017 + +, +Han Xu 2017001 +( +holotype +CANT +; +isotype +IBSC +) + + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Thismia jianfenglingensis + +. A. Flowers; B. Transverse section of perianth tube; C. Lobes of perianth tube forming a net-cover or mitre; D. Inner lobes of perianth; E. Outer lobes of perianth; F. Stamens; G. Stamens 6 anatropous and hanging down at the upper inner margin of perianth tube; H–I. Stigma and its lobes; J. Longitudinal section of ovary; K–L. Transverse section of ovary. + + + +Herbs, annual, without chlorophyll, myco-heterotrophic, with creeping vermiform and a ca. +1 mm +thick rhizome. Stem white, unbranched, erect, and glabrous, ca. +3–4 cm +long, +1.2 mm +in diameter. Leaves 2–4, cauline, scale-like, whitish, elliptic lanceolate, entire, glabrous with blunt apex, +3–3.5 mm +long, +1.5–2 mm +wide. Flowers 2–3, subsessile, terminal, and arranged in a cincinnus. Bracts 3, +4–5 mm +long, elliptic. Corolla actinomorphic, glabrous, deep orange-red in color. Floral tube urceolate with 12 ribs on its surface, +8 mm +long, +7 mm +in diameter. Perianth lobes numbering +6 in +2 whorls. Outer lobes linear, +3–3.5 mm +long, +1 mm +wide, apex oblique triangular, and lacking appendage. Inner lobes linear, +2.5–2.8 mm +long, +1 mm +wide, apex narrowly triangularly and extended into a filiform appendage. The lobes are imbricate without adhesion and form a loose dome with six holes in a woven manner; holes elliptic, 1.0– +1.2 mm +wide, 1.8–2.0 mm high. Stamens 6, +3.5–4 mm +long, anatropous, and hanging down at the upper inner margin of the perianth tube, dark-red; filaments free, +0.7 mm +long; connective broad and flattened, laterally connate to form a tube, ca. +3 mm +long, glabrous; apical end of the individual connective slightly concave, without any processes, and a slightly exceeding lateral appendage; lateral appendage large, nose-shaped, glabrous; each stamen with two separate thecae, +2 mm +long, abaxial. Ovary inferior, obconical, +3 mm +long, +3.5–4 mm +in diameter; carpels 3, laterally connate to +form one +chamber; placenta columnar, free central, and trilobed to base; ovules numerous on each lobe of the placenta; style translucent red, cylindrical, and glabrous, +1.3–1.5 mm +long, +0.5 mm +in diameter; stigma 3, triangular, entire, translucent white, margin in a slightly reverse roll and bearing short prickles. Fruit and seeds not seen. + + + +FIGURE 3. + +Thismia jianfenglingensis + +. A. Flowering plant; B. Rhizome; C. Flowers; D. Lobes of perianth tube forming a net-cover or mitre; E. Longitudinal section of ovary; F. Stigma; G. Transverse section of ovary; H. Perianth tube; I. Stamens; J–L. Bracts. + + + +Phenology: +—Fl. June–July. + + + + +Distribution and habitat +:—This is the first documented report of + +Thismia + +and the +type +species, + +T.jianfenglingensis + +in +Hainan +Island. Thus, we presume the distribution of the species is limited to Jianfengling National Nature Reserve on +Hainan +Island, +China +. It grows in tropical montane rain forest at an elevation of about +875 m +, although it is likely rare. This species was collected right next to an + +Engelhardia roxburghiana + +tree ( +Juglandaceae +). The dominant tree species in the Jianfengling forest include of + +Livistona saribus + +( +Arecaceae +), + +Cryptocarya chinensis + +( +Lauraceae +), + +Alseodaphne hainanensis + +( +Lauraceae +), + +Lithocarpus fenzelianus + +( +Fagaceae +), + +Prismatomeris tetrandra + +( +Rubiaceae +) ( + +Xu +et al. +2015 + +). + + + + +Etymology +:—The specific epithet for this species is related to place of its collection. Jianfengling is the name of the National Nature Reserve in +Hainan +, +China +. + + +Conservation status +:—This species grows in the Jianfengling National Nature Reserve. In spite of many field surveys, only six individuals have been found. Taking into consideration the reproductive capacity of + +Thismia + +and the protected habitats where this species grows, more populations may be found in the future. However, in 2018, we visited the locality where the new species was collected but found no individuals. Therefore, we believe that the new species should be assigned the Vulnerable (VU) conservation status according to IUCN Red List criteria, indicating a population with a very restricted area of occupancy or number of locations such that it is prone to the effects of human activities or stochastic events within a very short time period in an uncertain future, and is thus capable of becoming Critically Endangered or even Extinct in a very short time period ( +IUCN 2019 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/0C/87/460C87B0FFF0FF82728CFA9C2A82FE05.xml b/data/46/0C/87/460C87B0FFF0FF82728CFA9C2A82FE05.xml index c79b4e7665f..c42492899ad 100644 --- a/data/46/0C/87/460C87B0FFF0FF82728CFA9C2A82FE05.xml +++ b/data/46/0C/87/460C87B0FFF0FF82728CFA9C2A82FE05.xml @@ -1,73 +1,76 @@ - - - -A New Aerophilic Neidium Pfister (Neidiaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China + + + +A New Aerophilic Neidium Pfister (Neidiaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China - - -Author + + +Author -Liu, Yan -College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China. +Liu, Yan +College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China. - - -Author + + +Author -Kociolek, John Patrick -Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U. S. A. +Kociolek, John Patrick +Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U. S. A. - - -Author + + +Author -Liu, Qi -School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China. +Liu, Qi +School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China. - - -Author + + +Author -Tan, Xiang -Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China. +Tan, Xiang +Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China. - - -Author + + +Author -Fan, Yawen -College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China. +Fan, Yawen +College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China. -text - - -Phytotaxa +text + + +Phytotaxa - -2020 - -2020-02-10 + +2020 + +2020-02-10 - -432 + +432 - -2 + +2 - -171 -180 + +171 +180 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.6 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.6 -journal article -10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.6 -1179-3163 +journal article +303976 +10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.6 +de669fbc-0474-4eeb-9001-fb2d97a72a66 +1179-3163 +13876561 - + @@ -80,46 +83,46 @@ Y.Liu & Kociolek sp. nov. ( -Figs 1–23 +Figs 1–23 ) LM description ( -Figures 1–6 +Figures 1–6 ): Valves linear to linear-lanceolate, with wedge-shaped apices. From the end to the middle, half of the valve flat, other half of the valve twisted along the apical axis. Length 81–123 µm, breadth 18–22 µm. Margins parallel, slightly convex in the center. Axial area is narrowly lanceolate, being linear and narrow at the apices, becoming wider towards the center. Central area is small, elliptical, nearly 1/3 of the valve width. Raphe lateral, proximal raphe ends curved in opposite directions. Striae uniseriate, punctate, slightly oblique along the transapical axis, become convergent near the ends. 17–18 per 10µm. Longitudinal lines are obvious, evident along the valve margins. SEM descriptions ( -Figures 7–23 +Figures 7–23 ): External views show a portion of the valve surface is flat, while the rest of the valve is slightly twisted about the apical axis. The valve face is well differentiated from the mantle. The raphe is straight, with distinct, hooked central raphe endings curved in opposite directions ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ); the lacinia originates at the base of the mantle ( -Figs 9, 10 +Figs 9, 10 , -16 +16 ) and extends to cover the terminal raphe end at the apices ( -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 ). Striae interrupted at the margin by the longitudinal canal, extending onto the mantle.Areolae on the mantle are smaller than on the valve. Longitudinal lines covered by a hyaline area that contains one or two rows of areolae in the middle of the hyaline area and that are morphologically differentiated from the areolae elsewhere on the valve ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ). On some valves there is one row of areolae present in the axial area next to the raphe ( -Figs 12 +Figs 12 , -17 +17 ). All areolae on the valve face are round to elliptical in outline and have volate projections which can be branched, bifurcate or T-shaped ( -Figs 11 +Figs 11 , -17, 18 +17, 18 ). In some valves, thought to be ontogenetically incomplete, the areolae are round to elliptical in shape but without any volate projections ( -Fig. 13 +Fig. 13 ). Girdle bands number 3–4 and are without poriods ( -Figs 14, 15, 16 +Figs 14, 15, 16 ). - + FIGURES 1–3. @@ -132,7 +135,7 @@ Liu & Kociolek LM pictures. Valve views showing size dimension various. Fig.2 is of the holotype. Scale bar = 10 µm. - + FIGURES 4–6. @@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ Liu & Kociolek LM pictures. Valve views showing size dimension various. Scale bar = 10 µm. - + FIGURES 7–13. @@ -160,15 +163,15 @@ SEM, external view. Fig. 7: Whole valve, showing the twisted part (white arrow); Internally, the raphe sternum is almost flat with the valve surface ( -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 ). The distal raphe ends terminate in thickened, raised helictoglossae on the valve face, and are slightly bent to one side of the valve ( -Figs 20, 21 +Figs 20, 21 ). In the central area, two distinct helictoglossae are fused to form an elongated, raised structure ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 ). The internal openings of the valve areolae are round, the internal opening of the longitudinal canal and mantle areolae are more elliptical. All the areolae are covered by hymenes ( -Figs 20, 21, 22, 23 +Figs 20, 21, 22, 23 ). There are small renilimbi along the longitudinal canals and axial area ( -Figs 20, 21, 22, 23 +Figs 20, 21, 22, 23 ). @@ -188,7 +191,7 @@ Autonomous Region: Shiwan Mts. National Forest Park. Wet-wall, Coll. Y. Liu ! Individual in slide THHN 2014235, here illustrated as -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 , isotype : diff --git a/data/9E/5C/84/9E5C8425FFD43F22E2AAF80CB6AFF7E7.xml b/data/9E/5C/84/9E5C8425FFD43F22E2AAF80CB6AFF7E7.xml index c0ea9e4a4b9..dd9463c63c2 100644 --- a/data/9E/5C/84/9E5C8425FFD43F22E2AAF80CB6AFF7E7.xml +++ b/data/9E/5C/84/9E5C8425FFD43F22E2AAF80CB6AFF7E7.xml @@ -1,44 +1,47 @@ - - - -A new species of Noccaea (Brassicaceae) from central Anatolia + + + +A new species of Noccaea (Brassicaceae) from central Anatolia - - -Author + + +Author -Özgişi, Kurtuluş +Özgişi, Kurtuluş -text - - -Phytotaxa +text + + +Phytotaxa - -2020 - -2020-02-05 + +2020 + +2020-02-05 - -432 + +432 - -1 + +1 - -95 -103 + +95 +103 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.8 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.8 -journal article -10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.8 -1179-3163 +journal article +303975 +10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.8 +a20713c2-02f6-4258-a3d6-3fc639f0ccc5 +1179-3163 +13876551 - + @@ -49,9 +52,9 @@ sp. nov. ( -Figs. 2 +Figs. 2 , -3A, 3D +3A, 3D ). diff --git a/data/D8/4E/87/D84E87AFF413FFAFFF3E04B1FBF4F86A.xml b/data/D8/4E/87/D84E87AFF413FFAFFF3E04B1FBF4F86A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..912d7e4f9d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D8/4E/87/D84E87AFF413FFAFFF3E04B1FBF4F86A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ + + + +Frankophila dalevittii, a new freshwater diatom (Bacillariophyta) from Campbell Island + + + +Author + +Vijver, Bart Van De +Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOBE, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium + + + +Author + +Ballings, Petra +Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium + + + +Author + +Goeyers, Charlotte +Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOBE, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-16 + + +429 + + +1 + + +57 +64 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.1.4 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.1.4 +1179-3163 +13876795 + + + + + + + +Frankophila dalevittii +Van de Vijver & Goeyers + +sp. nov. + +( +Figs 1–39 +) + + + +LM ( +Figs 1–30 +): Frustules rectangular in girdle view, forming long chains of several tens of frustules, connected by relatively large, interdigitating linking spines ( +Figs 1–4 +). Valves linear-elliptical to elliptical and even elliptic-lanceolate. Smallest specimens almost rounded. Apices never protracted, always broadly rounded. Elliptic-lanceolate specimens with less broadly rounded apices. Valve dimensions (n=50): length 4–15 µm, width 3–5 µm. One initial valve observed: length 33 µm, width 6 µm. Axial area moderately wide, almost 1/3 of total valve width, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. Central area lacking. Striae parallel in the valve centre becoming distinctly radiate towards the apices, +11–12 in +12 µm. Areolae not discernible in LM. SEM ( +Figs 31–39 +): Girdle composed of at least two open, non-perforated copulae ( +Figs 31 +, +33 +). Copulae often covered by irregular pattern of small ridges and granules ( +Figs 31, 32 +). Mantle very broad with clearly undulating edge ( +Fig. 32 +). Lower part of the mantle hyaline, covered with fine silica granules ( +Fig. 32 +). Frustules connected to each other via well-developed, interdigitating linking spines ( +Figs 31, 32 +, +34 +). Spines solid with dichotomously branching ends ( +Fig. 34 +), located on the virgae between the striae ( +Figs 35, 36 +). External raphe vestiges absent ( +Figs. 35, 36 +) although shallow depressions occasionally observed where slits were expected ( +Figs 35, 36 +, arrows). Striae composed of two rows of rather large, rounded areolae, terminating near the axial area by one areola. Striae continuing shortly but uninterruptedly onto the valve mantle. Rimoportulae and apical porefields absent ( +Figs 36, 38 +). Internally, short raphe slits visible near the valve apices ( +Figs 37, 38, 39 +, arrows), <0.5 µm long. Areolae located in deep grooves ( +Figs 37, 38 +). + + + + +FIGURES 1–32 +. + +Frankophila dalevittii +Van de Vijver & Goeyers + + +sp +. +nov +. + +Light microscopy (1–30) and scanning electron microscopy (31–32) views. Holotype population from Campbell Island (sample BAS303). 1–4. Frustules connected via linking spines to +form long +, band like colonies. 5. Possible initial valve. 6–30. Valve views showing the broad range of valve dimensions. 31–32. Two colonies of three (fig. 31) and two (fig. 32) frustules connected by linking spines. Scale bars represent 10 µm. + + + + +Type +:—Perseverance Harbour east of Moubray Hill, Campbell Island, sub-Antarctic Region, sample +BAS +303 (leg. D. Vitt, coll. date: +12/01/1970 +) ( +holotype +BR +!, slide no. 4574, +isotype +PLP +! slide no. 367, University of Antwerp, +Belgium +). + + + + +Etymology +:—the species is named after Dr. Dale Vitt (Southern +Illinois +University Carbondale, +USA +), who collected in the austral summer of 1969–1970 the moss samples used in this study. His collection forms the base of an important contribution to the biogeography and biodiversity of the non-marine diatoms of the sub-Antarctic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. + + + + +Ecology +:— + +Frankophila dalevittii + +was observed in three moss samples on Campbell Island. The largest population (up to 10% of all diatom valves in the sample) was found in a + +Racopilum strumiferum + +vegetation on wet rock under a large overhang in a cave next to sea. The accompanying diatom flora is composed of several melosiroid taxa (that are currently being described as new taxa, Goeyers & Van de Vijver, unpubl. res.), + +Rhopalodia +sp. + +, + +Diatomella balfouriana +Greville (1855: 259) + +and + +Diatomella colonialis +Van de Vijver & Le Cohu (2017: 282) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/EC/0B/AE/EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71.xml b/data/EC/0B/AE/EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..640e2fe9e43 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/EC/0B/AE/EC0BAE2F0F56FFCE7C87F83F18D1FD71.xml @@ -0,0 +1,901 @@ + + + +Pinanga gruezoi (Arecaceae), a new slender clustering palm from the Philippines with notes on an amended description of P. samarana + + + +Author + +Adorador, Jiro T. +Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines. + + + +Author + +Meneses, Zhereeleen D. +Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines. + + + +Author + +Fernando, Edwino S. +Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines. + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-20 + + +429 + + +2 + + +120 +134 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.3 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.3 +1179-3163 +13876719 + + + + + + +Pinanga samarana +Beccari + + + + + + + +Type +:— +PHILIPPINES +, +Samar +Island +, +Mt. Cauayan +, +March-April +1914, + +Ramos +B +. +S +. 17535 + +( +holotype +FI +! [ +FI013968 +]; +isotypes +BM +! [ +BM001040830 +], +K +! [ +K000207955 +], +P +! [ +P01799175 +], US! [ +US +0087685]) + + + +Solitary slender to moderately slender undergrowth palm, to +4 m +tall. +Stem +1.1‒5 cm +diam., internodes typically +4 cm +apart. +Crownshaft +elongate, cylindrical, slightly swollen. Leaves +5‒6 in +crown, sheath 26‒35.3(‒42) × 2.8‒3.8(‒5) cm, yellowish green, glaucous, ligules inconspicuous to +1‒2 cm +long, narrowly triangular. +Leaf +without sheath but including typically to c. +160 cm +long, petiole c. to +40‒50 cm +long, shallowly channelled adaxially, convex abaxially sparsely covered with thin glaucescence as sheath, rachis angular, typically c. 120 × (0.3‒) +0.6‒1.2 cm +, bifacial adaxially and rounded abaxially with thin glaucescence similar to that of the petiole or glabrous. Leaflets 10‒27 per side of the rachis, coriaceous, subglabrescent, straight or ensiform to indistinctly subfalcate, variably 1‒7-costulate, ± regularly arranged, 3.3‒6.3(‒10.9) cm apart at the middle portion of rachis, the apex long acuminate, glossy green adaxially drying grayish, much paler green abaxially drying reddish-brown (when preserved in alcohol) and conspicuously microlepidote, furnished with midfixed ramenta along the midrib to +3 mm +long; basal leaflets 1‒2(‒4)-costulate, 21.4‒42.3(‒67.8) × 0.6‒2.5(‒6.7) cm, middle leaflets 1‒4-costulate, 22.5‒48.9(‒64.4) × 0.8‒2.8(‒7.0), apical leaflets (1‒)4‒9-costulate, 17.9‒32.2(‒45.5) × 0.9‒2.7(‒6.8) cm, joined up to +7 cm +at the base along the rachis. +Inflorescence +c. 11‒22(‒41) cm long, prophyll 15 × +5 cm +, peduncle 1.0‒1.7(‒2.5) cm, rachis 4.3‒7.9(‒16.5) cm long, rachillae bracts gibbous, +1 mm +high, rachillae (10‒)14‒21, subdistichously- to spirally-arranged, (5.5‒) +12.5‒22.5 cm +long; flowers distichously arranged. +Staminate flowers +c. 1.2 × +0.5 cm +, calyx +1 mm +high, 3-lobed, joined at the base, petals valvate, 1‒1.2 × +0.3‒0.5 cm +, broad to narrow oblique triangular, apex conspicuously apiculate, stamens 14‒15(‒19), filaments +0.5 mm +long, anther basifixed, +1 mm +long. +Pistillate flowers +1.5 × +2 mm +, with broadly ovate imbricate calyx and corolla lobes, margins ± fimbriate. +Fruit +ovoid-ellipsoid to obovoid or globose, 1.2‒1.7 × +0.6‒1 cm +, apex shortly conical to areolate, distichously arranged throughout rachillae or only at proximal part then spirally arranged distally, developing from green‒cream‒orange‒red‒reddish black, 12‒20(‒28) fruits per side of the rachis, set to +2‒8 mm +apart., fruiting perianth 1.5‒3 × +3‒6 mm +, somewhat broadened at the mouth. +Seed +ovoid‒ellipsoid to obovoid or globose, 0.9‒1 × +0.8 cm +, rounded apically, obliquely concave below. +Eophyll +bifid. ( +Figure 4 +) + + + + +Distribution and Habitat: +—This palm was thought to be restricted to +Samar +Island but is now known to occur on +Dinagat +Island as a well ( +Figure 5 +). + + +Local Name:— +The Waray ( +Samar +Island local inhabitants) guides generally referred to this palm as +tagibunga +while the Mamanwa tribe (migrant indigenous people from Mindanao Island) occupying Km. 16, Tinabanan, Marabut, +Samar +call this palm +salanguisog. +It is noteworthy, that the Manobo tribe (indigenous people from northeastern Mindanao) also use the latter vernacular name for + +P. urdanetensis + +(as per notes of Elmer in +Beccari 1919b +). + + +Other specimens examined:— + +PHILIPPINES +. +Samar +Island +: +Samar Province +, +Paranas +, +Barangay Tenani +, + +07 July 2015 + +, + +J +. +T +. +Adorador +003 + +( +LBC +! +PNH +! +K +!) + +; + + +18 July 2016 + +, + +J +. +T +. +Adorador +011 + +( +LBC +!, +PNH +!) + +; + + +29 July 2015 + +, + +J +. +T +. +Adorador +032 + +( +LBC +!) + +; + +Barangay San Isidro +, + +28 February 2016 + +, + +J +. +T +. +Adorador +027 + +( +LBC +!) + +; + +without exact locality, + +13-18 March 2016 + +, + +D. +N +. +Tandang +& +E +. +R +. +Tadiosa +PNH 256475 + +( +PNH +!), +Hinabangan +, +Barangay Cansolabao +, +Sitio Arizona +, + +11 March 2015 + +, + +J +. +T +. +Adorador +018 & +T +. +Rambacod + +( +LBC +!) + +; + + +19 July 2015 + +, + +J +. +T +. +Adorador +006 + +( +LBC +!) + +; + + +24 July 2015 + +, + +J +. +T +. +Adorador +025 + +( +LBC +!) + +; + +Barangay Bagacay +, +Mt. Concord +, c. + +200 m + +elev., + +21 April 1948 + +, + +Sulit +& +Conese +2716 + +( +PNH +!) + +; + +Marabut +, +Barangay Tinabanan +, +Km +16, + +19 February 2016 + +, + +J +. +T +. +Adorador +082 + +( +LBC +!) + +; + +Basey +, +Mt. Sohoton +, + +March–April 1970 + +, + +H +. +G +. +Gutierrez +et al. 544 + +( +PNH +!) + +; + +Eastern Samar Province +, +Balangiga +, +Guinmaayuhan +, + +May 1971 + +, + +D. +A +. +Madulid +et al. 1370 + +( +PNH +!) + +; + +Salcedo +, +Barangay Carapadapan +, + +J +. +T +. +Adorador +090 + +( +LBC +!), + +55 m + +elev., + +15 May 2009 + +, + +E +. +S +. +Fernando +2155 + +( +LBC +!). +Dinagat +Island +: +Dinagat Province +, +Loreto +, +Balitbiton forest +, + +179 m + +elev., 2016, + +E +. +P +. +Lillo +LDLCP3 +SP8 + +( +LBC +!), +Libjo +, +Paragua forest +, + +188 m + +elev., 2016, + +E +. +P +. +Lillo +LDLP1 +SP61 + +( +LBC +!) + +. + + +Conservation status:— +The area of occupancy (AOO) of + +Pinanga samarana + +is estimated at +52 km +2 +, thus we regard this species as Endangered [EN B2 b(ii, iii) c(iii)]. Preliminary palm surveys conducted + +February +2016 + +in thirty-six +20 m +× +20 m +nested plots established across different forest +types +at SINP, revealed that + +Pinanga samarana + +occurred in 21 out of 36 plots and that it was the most abundant, erect palm species. We recorded 609 palm individuals (164 mature, 127 saplings, and 318 seedlings) ( +Adorador 2016 +unpublished data +). Despite high abundance in some areas, this species is threatened by fluctuating population sizes and continuing habitat degradation such as land-use conversion and/or illegal logging (on +Samar +Island) as well as mining activities planned in the area especially on +Dinagat +Island. + + + + +Etymology:— +This palm is named after the island of its +type +locality, +Samar +Island, +Philippines +. + + +Notes:— +The description of the +holotype +( +Ramos B.S. 17535 +) from fragmentary material (few leaflets and immature infructescence) makes it difficult to delimit this taxon +in situ +. But several site visits, herbarium studies, and careful observations across the different forest formations permitted sound generalizations on the actual extent of its morphological variations. + + + +Pinanga samarana + +, as characterized by its solitary habit, moderately slender stem ( +2–6 cm +diam.), non-mottled typically 1–3-costulate middle leaflets, and relatively few rachillae (ave. 14) belong to the Urosperma group which includes + +P +. +glaucifolia +Fernando (1994: 776) + +and + +P.urosperma +Beccari (1909: 341) + +. It also share superficial resemblance with + +P. urdanetensis +Beccari (1919b: 3008) + +which undoubtedly belongs to the widespread and highly polymorphic + +P. philippinensis +Beccari (1889: 180) + +complex of the Philippinensis group [ +unpublished data +] ( +Table 2 +). Broadly cicumscribed, + +P. samarana + +is a medium-sized solitary palm with glaucescent leaf sheath having entire margins, typically 2-costulate leaflets (sometimes variably 1–3-costulate) that are drying reddish-brown with microlepidote underneath, inflorescence with several (up to 21) subdistichous to spirally arranged rachillae, and relatively large (to 1.8 × +1 cm +) distichously-set (or becoming spiral distally) ovoid-ellipsoidal to obovoid fruits. Particularly, + +P. samarana + +is most similar to + +P. glaucifolia + +but the latter is different in its leaflets being abaxially glaucous without distinct microlepidote, fewer number of rachillae (6–10), and much larger ovoid-globose or sphaeroidal (2 × +1.8 cm +). On the other hand, + +P. urosperma + +is decidedly different from + +P. samarana + +in its fewer rachillae number (4–5 vs. +10–21 in + +P. samarana + +) and larger bullet-shaped fruits (up to 3.2 × +1.8 cm +).Meanwhile, as stated in the protologue ( +Beccari 1919b +), + +P. urdanetensis + +only differs from + +P. samarana + +by its leaflets being abaxially grayish-brown when dried without conspicuous microlepidote and apparently smaller fruits (though only then known from immature fruits). But when + +P. samarana + +is altogether compared to the + +P. philippinensis + +complex, the latter significantly deviates in its habitat preference being found in lower to upper montane forests or 600–more than +2,000 m +elev., leaf sheath margins readily disintegrating into fibers and its surface covered with rust-brown to purplish lepidote, relatively smaller fruits (up to 1.4 × +0.8 cm +) and the fruit pericarp typically turn creamish-pink just before maturation (orange in + +P. samarana + +). + + + +TABLE 2. +Morphological comparison of + +Pinanga samarana + +and closely related species in the Philippines. Character traits + + + + +lifted and updated from Beccari (1889, 1909, 1919a,b) and +Fernando (1994) +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Urosperma groupPhilippinensis group
+ +Pinanga samarana + + + +Pinanga glaucifolia + + + +Pinanga urosperma + + + + +Pinanga philippinensis + +s.l. +(solitary) + +
DISTRIBUTION (PAIC; island or/and biogeographic subregion)Greater Mindanao; Samar and DinagatGreater Luzon; Bicol peninsulaGreater Luzon; northeastern partwidepsread
ELEVATION RANGE (m elev.)lowland to lower montane, up to c. 600lowland forests, c. 300lowland forests, c. 300lower to upper montane forests, c. 600—>2,000
MORPHOLOGY
· Stem diameter (cm)5656.5
· Leaf sheath marginsintact, entireintact, entireintact, entiredisintegrating, fibrous
· Leaf sheath surfacewith grayish white indumentumwith grayish brown indumentumwith grayish (to purplish) brown indumentumwith rust- brown lepidote over grayish brown indumentum
· Tyipcal middle leaflet costulation2 (±variable)121 (±variable)
· Leaflet abaxial surfacesubglabrescent, with distinct microlepidotedistinctly glaucescent, without microlepidotesubglabrescent, without microlepidotesubglabrescent, without microlepidote
· Leaflet colour when driedbrown above, reddish- brown belowbrown on both sidesbrown above, purplish- brown belowbrown above, reddish (to purplish) brown below
· Number of rachillae10 to 216–104–514–30
· Rachillae architecture at fruitingarching-reflexedarching-reflexedPendulousarching-reflexed
· Flower clusters arrangementdistichous or becoming spiraldistichousDistichousdistichous or becoming spiral
· Fruit shapeovoid-ellipsoid to globose to obovoiddepressed globoseovoid-ellipsoid withovoid-ellipsoid with short acute apex
· Fruit apexshort conical to areolate apexareolatenarrow-conical apexshort acute
· Fruit dimension (cm)up to 1.8 × 1up to 2 × 1.8up to 3.2 × 1.5up to 1.4 × 0.8
+ + +We documented several leaflet costulation +types +among different populations found on various forests +types +which could be affected by wind flow and the amount of light penetrating though the canopy ( +Svenning 2001 +). The leaflets of palms thriving over limestone are the most unusual being linear 1-costulate ( +Figure 4 A +), while those inhabiting lowland forests typically are subfalcate 2-costulate ( +Figure 4 B +) and those from forest over ultramafic sites are linear 3-costulate ( +Figure 4 C +). The rachillae architecture ranges between drooping to slightly arching ( +Figure 4 D +) and to spreading and reflexed ( +Figure 4 E +). Meanwhile, fruit arrangement along rachillae could be well-spaced and distichous throughout or the dense-clustered and spiral in distal portions. Fruit shapes vary from ovoid-ellipsoid, obovoid, short ovoid to globose ( +Figure 4 F–I +). As observed +in-situ +, both rachillae morphology and fruit arrangement are possibly shaped by constrained expansion during early development within the prophyll and mechanical displacement of fruits upon maturity due to mutual pressure. The pigment of the fruit also seemed to be affected by light availability and edaphic conditions. Pericarp exhibits more orange colouration before maturity when developing under shade and growing on soils on top of limestone while it is recorded to be just lightly orange when more exposed to light and thriving on ultramafic soils. Likewise, individuals exhibiting combinations of these leaf and fruit characters were also encountered hence its broad circumscription. + + +Below is a conspectus of tentative functional groups of Philippine + +Pinanga + +based on analyses of literature (heavily modified from +Beccari (1919a) +and herbarium studies. Among the derived groups, only the Maculata group has been treated before ( + +Fernando +et al. +1988 + +) while the others are subject to future taxonomic studies. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/EC/0B/AE/EC0BAE2F0F5FFFCD7C87FF011849F814.xml b/data/EC/0B/AE/EC0BAE2F0F5FFFCD7C87FF011849F814.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6ed3dda7080 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/EC/0B/AE/EC0BAE2F0F5FFFCD7C87FF011849F814.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1086 @@ + + + +Pinanga gruezoi (Arecaceae), a new slender clustering palm from the Philippines with notes on an amended description of P. samarana + + + +Author + +Adorador, Jiro T. +Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines. + + + +Author + +Meneses, Zhereeleen D. +Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines. + + + +Author + +Fernando, Edwino S. +Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines. + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-01-20 + + +429 + + +2 + + +120 +134 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.3 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.3 +1179-3163 +13876719 + + + + + + +Pinanga gruezoi +Adorador & Fernando + +, + +sp. nov. + + + + + + + +Type +:— +PHILIPPINES +, +Samar Province +: +Samar +Island +, +San Jose de Buan +, +Mt. Huraw +, + +850 m + +elev, + +16 July 2015 + +, +Adorador 004 +( +holotype +LBC +!; +isotypes +CAHUP +!, +PNH +!, +K +!) + + + + + +Diagnosis: + +— +Pinanga gruezoi + +is similar to + +P. heterophylla + +and + +P. modesta +., + +The new species is different from the former in its smaller middle leaflet dimension (up to 26 × +4.5 cm +), distichous floral cluster arrangement along rachillae, and broader (up to +9 mm +) ovoid–ellipsoid fruits; while it deviates from the latter in its coriaceous leaflets which are abaxially glabrous and inflorescence with more numerous (4‒9) yet shorter (up to +9 cm +) arching to reflexed rachillae that bear closely-set (up to +5 mm +apart) fruits. + + +Clustering, slender undergrowth palm, to +3m +tall. +Stem +to +0.8‒1.5 cm +diam., internodes +1.8‒4 cm +apart. +Crownshaft +elongate c. +20 cm +long, cylindrical, slightly swollen. +Leaves +up to +6 in +crown, axes reddish when young, sheath 10.5‒20 × +1‒2 cm +, yellowish green with sparse brown scaly indumentum, slightly glaucous, ligules (extension of leaf sheath) +1‒2 cm +long, narrowly triangular, leaf without sheath but including petiole +65‒80 cm +long, petiole (6‒)14‒35 × +0.5 cm +, shallowly channelled adaxially, convex abaxially sparsely covered with brown indumentum, rachis angular, (23‒)35‒50 × +0.3 cm +, bifacial adaxially and rounded abaxially with brown scaly indumentums similar to that of the petiole. Leaflets 5‒11 per side of the rachis, coriaceous, ± sigmoidal, generally multicostulate except occasionally for basal leaflets, ± regularly arranged, +2‒7 cm +apart, the apex long acuminate to subfalcate, glossy green adaxially drying grayish (when preserved in alcohol), much paler green abaxially drying brownish, with midfixed filamentous ramenta along the midrib to +3 mm +long; basal leaflets 1‒7-costulate, 13‒27 × +2‒4 cm +, middle leaflets 2‒6-costulate, 14.5‒26 × 1.3‒4.5, apical leaflets 5‒11-costulate, 10.5‒18 × +2.3‒6 cm +, joined basally up to +11 cm +along the rachis. +Inflorescence +5‒12 cm +long, prophyll unknown, peduncle 1‒2.2 × +0.3‒0.6 cm +, rachis +1.7‒6 cm +long, rachillae bracts gibbous, +1 mm +high, rachillae 4‒9 reflexed, (2‒) +6‒9 cm +long, subdistichous to spirally arranged along rachis; flowers distichously arranged. +Staminate flowers +c. 6 × +2.5 mm +, calyx +1 mm +high, 3-lobed, joined at the base, petals valvate, 5 × +2 mm +, narrowly oblique triangular, stamens 9, filaments +0.5 mm +long, anther basifixed, +1 mm +long. +Pistillate flowers +1 × +2 mm +, with broadly ovate imbricate calyx and corolla lobes. +Fruit +ovoid‒ellipsoid to fusiform, 1.4‒1.8 × +0.7‒0.9 cm +, distichously arranged, ripening red to purplish black, fruits inserted to +5 mm +apart, 7‒12 fruits per side of rachillae, fruiting perianth 2 × +3 mm +, not contracted at the mouth. +Seed +ovoid‒ellipsoid, 1 × +0.7 cm +, rounded apically, shallowly concave below. +Eophyll +bifid, 4‒costulate. ( +Figures 1 +& +2 +). + + + + +Distribution and Habitat: +— + +Pinanga gruezoi + +is found on the islands of +Samar +, +Dinagat +, Bucas Grande, and northeastern Mindanao ( +Figure 3 +). The new species is widespread across many forest +types +at differing elevation range ( +20‒856 m +elev.), +viz. +lowland evergreen forest, forest on limestone, and forest on ultramafic soil. Typically it is abundant thriving on light-exposed areas in the forests such as slopes and ridges. + + +Local Name:— +The local field guides referred to this palm as +tagibungang–liitan +( +tagibunga +refers to + +P. samarana + +, and +liitan = +small) to account for its diminutive habit. Thus, to avoid nomenclatural confusion, this paper formalizes +Gruezo gasigan +as the official common name for this new species. The common name +gasigan +refers to + +P. heterophylla + +to which it closely resembles. + + +Specimens examined:— + +PHILIPPINES +. +Samar +Island +: +Samar Province +, +San Jose de Buan +, +Mt. Huraw +, + +856 m + +elev., + +16 July 2015 + +, + +J +. +T +. Adorador 004 + +( +holotype +LBC +! +Isotype +CAHUP +, +LBC +, +EBL +, +K +) + +; + +Hinabangan +, +Barangay Consolabao +, +Sitio Arizona +, c. + +280 m + +elev., + +12 July 2015 + +, + +J +. +T +. Adorador 008 + +( +LBC +! +PNH +! +K +!), + +J +. +T +. Adorador 009 + +( +LBC +! +PNH +!), + +11 February 2016 + +, + +J +. +T +. Adorador 024 + +( +LBC +! +CAHUP +!), + +12 February 2016 + + +J +. +T +. Adorador 080 + +( +LBC +! +PNH +!) + +; + +Paranas +, +Brgy. Tenani +, + +388 m + +elev., + +12 February 2016 + +, + +J +. +T +. Adorador 053 + +( +LBC +! +PNH +!), + +J +. +T +. Adorador 061 + +( +LBC +! +EBL +). +Eastern Samar Province +, General MacArthur, Barangay Vigan, c. + +208 m + +elev., + +26 February 2016 + +, + +J +. +T +. Adorador 092 + +( +LBC +! +PNH +!) + +; + +Llorente +, +Mt.Apoy +, + +240 m + +elev., + +May–June 1969 + +, + +H +. +G +. +Gutierrez +et al. 467 + +( +PNH +!). +Dinagat +Island +: +Dinagat Province +, +Libjo +, +Paragua forest +, + +216 m + +elev., 2016, + +E +. +P +. +Lillo +LDLP2 +SP57 + +( +LBC +!), + +208 m + +elev., + +LDLP3 +SP8 + +( +LBC +!), Loreto, lower slopes of +Mt. Redondo +, + +648 m + +elev., + +01 September 2016 + +, + +E +. +S +. Fernando 4164 + +( +LBC +!). +Bucas Grande Island +: +Surigao del Norte Province +, + +June 1919 + +, + +Ramos +& +Pascasio BS +359098 + +( +P +! [ +P02147347 +]). +Mindanao Island +: +Surigao del Norte Province +, Claver, Barangay Taganito, + +45 m + +elev., + +02 July 2010 + +, + +E +. +S +. Fernando 2263 + +( +LBC +!, +PNH +!), + +45 m + +elev., + +02 April 2011 + +, + +E +. +S +. Fernando 2375 + +( +LBC +!, +PNH +!) + +. + + + +FIGURE 1. + +Pinanga gruezoi +Adorador & Fernando. Clustering + +habit showing variations in density of stems and length of petiole and rachis ( +A‒C +). Leaf disposition and different leaflet costulation: erect ( +D +) or slightly arching with few multi-costulate leaflets ( +E +) or with a number of typically 2-costulate leaflets ( +F +). Infructescence architecture showing variations in rachillae number ( +G‒I +). Localities: Mt. Huraw, San Jose de Buan, Samar (A,D,G = the holotype +Adorador 004 +), Barangay Vigan, Gen.Macarthur, Eastern Samar (B = +Adorador 092 +), Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (C,F,I = from +Adorador 053 +), Sitio Arizona, Barangay Cansolabao, Hinabangan, Samar (E,H = +Adorador 008 +). Scale bar: A = 30 cm, B = 1 m, C = 50 cm, D & E = 15 cm, F = 20 cm, G & H = 6 cm, I = 2 cm. Photos A‒I (Jiro T. Adorador). + + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Pinanga gruezoi +Adorador & Fernando. Clustering + +habit (A), stem with dried infructescence axes (B), basal portion of leaf (adaxial side) including leaf sheath and petiole (C), distal portion of leaf, abaxial side (D), infructescence (E), fruit (F), longitudinal section of fruit showing ruminated endosperm (G), and staminate flower with two petals removed showing some stamens (H). Scale bar: B‒E = 8 cm, F‒G 2 cm, H = 4 mm. All drawn from the holotype ( +J.T. Adorador 004 +). Drawn by C.A.T. Rodelas. + + + + +FIGURE 3. +The distribution map of + +Pinanga gruezoi +Adorador & Fernando + +and closely related slender clustering species based on herbarium records. The gray-shaded area approximates the c. 150 meters below sea level bathymetry line which shows several Pleistocene Aggregated Island Complexes (PAIC) ( +Heaney 1986 +). + + + + +FIGURE 4. + +Pinanga samarana +Beccari + +from Samar Island. Leaflet variations: linear 1-costulate ( +A +), subfalcate 2-costulate ( +B +), and 3- costulate ( +C +). Infructescence and rachillae architecture: drooping ( +D +) or reflexed ( +E +). Fruit arrangement along rachillae and fruit forms: the typical distichously-arranged ovoid-ellipsoid ( +F +) or obovoid fruits ( +G +), or distal portions of rachillae turning spiral with short-ovoid ( +H +) or globose ( +I +) fruits. Localities: Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (A,E,G = from +Adorador 003 +), Sitio Arizona, Barangay Cansolabao, Hinabangan, Samar (D,F = +Adorador 025 +, I = +Adorador 018 & Rambacod +), Barangay San Isidro, Paranas, Samar (H = +Adorador 027 +). Scale bar: A = 30 cm, B = 40 cm, C = 60 cm, D & E = 15 cm, F = 10 cm, G‒I = 2 cm. Photos A‒I (Jiro T. Adorador). + + + + +FIGURE 5. +The distribution map of + +Pinanga samarana +Beccari + +and closely related species based on herbarium records. The gray-shaded area approximates the c. 150 meters below sea level bathymetry line which shows several Pleistocene Aggregated Island Complexes (PAIC) ( +Heaney 1986 +). + + + + +TABLE 1. +Slender clustering + +Pinanga + +of the Philippines. Character traits lifted and updated from +Beccari (1907 +, +1909 +, +1919a +,b) and +Fernando (1994) +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Modesta groupPhilippinensis group
+ +Pinanga gruezoi + + + +Pinanga modesta + + + +Pinanga geonomiformis + + + +Pinanga heterophylla + + + +Pinanga sobolifera + + + + +Pinanga philippinensis + +s.l. +(clustering) + +
DISTRIBUTION (PAIC; island or/and biogeographic) subregion)Greater Mindanao; Samar and northeast MindanaoGreater Mindanao; in central and western Mindanao & BasilanGreater Luzon; Luzon, in southern Sierra MadreGreater Negros– Panay; NegrosGreater Luzon; Luzon, in southern Sierra Madrewidespread in the Philippines except Palawan PAIC
ELEVATION RANGE (m)20–856600–1500150–600> 430c. 800400–900
MORPHOLOGY
· Stem diameter (cm)0.8–1.52–50.6–1.01.52.52.5(–6.5)
· No. of leaflets on each side of the rachis5–112–51–46–810–1315–30(–40)
· Middle leaflet shape± falcate-sigmoidal± falcate-sigmoidal± falcate-sigmoidal± falcate-sigmoidal± linear-lanceolate± linear-lanceolate
· Middle leaflet costulation2–65–84–72–421(–2)
· Middle leaflet dimension (cm)14.5‒26 × 1.3‒4.5to 34 × 79‒18 × 3.5‒835‒40 × 2‒745–55 × 2.7c. 25–40 × 2
· Leaflet texturecoriaceoussubpapyraceousthinly papyraceouscoriaceoussubpapyraceouscoriaceous
· Abaxial surfaceglabroussubglaucescentglabrousglabrousglabrousglabrous
· Number of rachillae4‒92‒4158‒1114–20
· Rachillae length (cm)(2‒)6‒99‒247‒147‒9to 17to 20
· Flower clusters arrangement along rachilllaedistichousdistichousdistichous3-seriatespiraldistichous
· Rachillae architecture at fruitingarching to reflexedrigid-straightrigid-straightarchingarching to reflexedarching to reflexed
· Number of fruit per side of the rachillae7–128‒20to 15c. to 1513c. 20 – 30
· Fruiting spacing along rachillae0.51‒1.50.5unknown0.50.5–1.0
· Fruit dimension (cm)to 1.8 × 0.9to 1.3 × 0.6to 1.4 × 0.4to 1.2 × 0.5to 1.2 × 0.8to 1.7 × 0.9
· Fruit shapeovoid-ellipsoidovoidovoid-ellipsoidnarrow ovoid- ellipsoidovoid-ellipsoidovoid-ellipsoid
· Fruit apexshort acuteconical acuminateshort acuteshort acuteshort acuteshort acute
+ + +Conservation status:— +The area of occupancy (AOO) of + +Pinanga gruezoi + +is calculated at +32 km +2 +thus we regard this species as Endangered [EN B2 b(ii, iii, v) c(iv)]. + +P. gruezoi + +has been documented in eight unique locations across four islands ( +Samar +, +Dinagat +, Bucas Grande, and northeastern Mindanao). Limited palm surveys in +Samar +Island Natural Park (SINP) last +February 2016 +across different forest +types +(within twelve +20 m +× +20 m +nested plots) in five sites altogether recorded 310 palm individuals (92 mature, 150 saplings, and 68 seedlings) ( +Adorador 2016 +unpublished data +). Across the currently known locations of this species, a continuing decline is projected in its area of occupancy, extent and/or quality of habitat, and number of mature individuals. Furthermore, qualitative assessment of the habitat showed extreme fluctuations in its number of mature individuals since extirpation was observed in its local subpopulations on +Samar +Island due to slash-burn farming and illegal logging; and in northeastern Mindanao due to mining activities. + + + + +Etymology:— +This slender palm is named after Dr William Sm. Gruezo, a retired Professor of Plant Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the +Philippines +Los Baños. This species is dedicated in acknowledgement of Dr Gruezo’s contribution to systematics and conservation of Philippine plants. + + +Notes:— +The morphological differences of + +Pinanga gruezoi + +from other Philippine congeners is hypothesized to be indicative of reproductive isolation due to the physical geographic boundaries (see +Figure 3 +). Considering the palm’s documented morphological variability across the different forest +types +and elevation gradients, and the absence of major barriers across its geographic occurrence, these forms constitute just a single broadly circumscribed species under the biological species concept ( +Mayr 2000 +). + + +The new species belongs to a subset of Philippine + +Pinanga + +characterized by their slender stems (typically up to +2 cm +diam.), leaves with few (less than 11) falcate-sigmoid pluricostulate (2‒8-costulate) leaflets, and rather few rachillae (1‒9)—which is herein referred as the Modesta group ( +Table 1 +). This functional group includes two solitary-stemmed taxa, + +P. egregia +Fernando (1994: 775) + +and + +P. isabelensis +Beccari (1919a:318) + +, and a subgroup of clustering species that includes + +P. gruezoi + +, + +P. heterophylla +Beccari (1919a: 319) + +, + +P. modesta +Beccari (1907: 225) + +and + +P. geonomiformis +Beccari (1909: 602) + +. + +P. gruezoi + +is unique among the subset with caespitose stems by a combination of the following characters: typically more coriaceous leaflets (5‒11 per side of rachis) which are glabrous underneath, inflorescence with relatively more rachillae (4–9) but are rather short ((2‒) +6‒9 cm +) and arching to reflexed, which bear relatively large (up to 1.8 × +0.9 cm +) distichously arranged and closely-set (just +5 mm +apart) ovoid-ellipsoidal fruits. Among the other members of the group, + +P. heterophylla + +is the most similar to + +P. gruezoi + +but the former has much larger middle leaflet dimension, 3-seriate flowers clusters along the rachillae and narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid fruits. Meanwhile, + +P. modesta + +is decidedly different from the new species due to its subpapyraceous leaflets which are abaxially subglaucescent, fewer and longer more rigid-straight rachillae and ovoid fruits with conical-acuminate apex that are widely spaced along rachillae. Additionally, + +P. gruezoi + +superficially resembles + +P. geonomiformis + +but the latter has fewer leaflets per side of rachis which are thinly papyraceous and an inflorescence which bears only one rachilla. + + +The above-mentioned shared features of the Modesta group can be used to easily distinguish + +P. gruezoi + +from the other known clustering + +Pinanga + +in the Philippinensis group, namely + +P. sobolifera +Fernando (1994: 49) + +and + +P. philippinensis +Beccari (1889: 180) + +. These two species contain more (10‒40) ±linear-lanceolate (typically 1 +‒ +2-costulate) leaflets per side of the rachis and more number of rachillae (8‒20). + +P. sobolifera + +deviates further from the new species in its stoloniferous habit and spirally arranged floral clusters along the rachillae. On the other hand, + +P. philippinensis + +should not be confused with + +P. gruezoi + +since the former has conspicuously thicker stem, fibrous leaf sheath margins, and longer rachillae which bear more fruits per side. + + +As observed on +Samar +Island, this novel taxon could be found across the three forest formations which could account for their morphological variations. Those populations found on lowland up to lower montane forests and over ultramafic rocks are characterized by 2‒5-costulate leaflets ( +Figure 1 A–B & D–E +) and more number of rachillae (5–8) ( +Figure 1 G–H +). Meanwhile, populations found over limestone typically have 2-costulate leaflets ( +Figure 1 F +) and few rachillae ( +Figure 1 I +). Moreover, those on lowland and lower montane forests exhibit accentuated reddish to maroon colourations on young vegetative and reproductive axes, much denser ramenta on abaxial folds; characters that are otherwise less demonstrated when found thriving over limestone and serpentine substrates. Within the same clump, saplings can attain longer internodes and leaf axes (petiole, rachis, and leaflets) dimensions ( +Figure 1 C +) but will ultimately approach the described dimensions when reproductively mature. + + + + \ No newline at end of file