From 1663d6da97cfdfebae6f3be536558f2bc7cc2833 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver <ggserver@srv1.plazi.org> Date: Sun, 22 Dec 2024 15:38:14 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-22 15:32:10 --- .../09/A3080919E21FFFA7FC05FF50F5B2AF03.xml | 1330 +++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1330 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/A3/08/09/A3080919E21FFFA7FC05FF50F5B2AF03.xml diff --git a/data/A3/08/09/A3080919E21FFFA7FC05FF50F5B2AF03.xml b/data/A3/08/09/A3080919E21FFFA7FC05FF50F5B2AF03.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7ab7835bfe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A3/08/09/A3080919E21FFFA7FC05FF50F5B2AF03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1330 @@ +<document id="41BDE404C186BD7DBB61635C4E13B4DE" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae120" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="B930F8F-9309-4E85-A4FC-3391BACD47B2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1732850175055" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schargel, Walter E., Hernández-Morales, Cristian, Daza, Juan D., Jowers, Michael J., Montes-Correa, Andrés Camilo, Freitas, Mayke De, Sullivan, Kathryn A., Gamble, Tony, Bauer, Aaron M. & Rivas, Gilson A." docDate="2024" docId="A3080919E21FFFA7FC05FF50F5B2AF03" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae120.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus Schargel, Hernández-Morales, Daza, Jowers, Montes-Correa, Freitas, Sullivan, Gamble, Bauer & Rivas, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="13" 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fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFC05FF50F266A8DF" bold="true" box="[900,1369,191,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFC05FF50F3C3A8DF" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[900,1276,191,218]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFC05FF50F3C3A8DF" bold="true" box="[900,1276,191,218]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="02E6D966E21FFFAEFA83FF50F266A8DF" box="[1282,1369,191,217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="63BBEB84E21FFFAEFBA3FF06F385A905" box="[1058,1210,233,259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFBA3FF06F385A905" blockId="5.[1058,1210,233,259]" box="[1058,1210,233,259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFBA3FF06F385A905" bold="true" box="[1058,1210,233,259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +( +<figureCitation id="B39AA48AE21FFFAEFBACFF06F345A905" box="[1069,1146,233,259]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1450,1474]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,142,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-182@6.[161,1441,142,1422]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Specimens of Pseudogonatodes from northern South America in life.A, Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus female (presumably) paratype (MBLUZ 1293), Cerro El Olvido, Venezuela.B, Pseudogonatodes manessi, female, Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela (MHNLS 17984). C, Pseudogonatodes furvus, male topotype, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia (CBUMAG:REP:00767). D,Pseudogonatodes manessi, young specimen, from La Cumbre, Municipio Bruzual, Sierra de Aroa, Venezuela; this individual would represent the westernmost limit of the species. E, view of Cerro Azul from Cerro El Olvido, two of the highest mountains with humid forests at the eastern end of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela. F, undergrowth with abundant decomposing organic matter and rocks, an environment where P. fuscofortunatus lives.Photographs: Luis A.Rodríguez J. (A), Eric N. Smith (B), Andrés C. Montes-Correa (C), Alberto Navas and Edward Camargo (D), and Gilson Rivas (E, F)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 3A</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="B39AA48AE21FFFAEFB07FF06F38CA905" box="[1158,1203,233,259]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStart-3="Figure 7" captionStartId-0="7.[113,178,889,913]" captionStartId-1="7.[113,178,1830,1854]" captionStartId-2="8.[129,194,1564,1588]" captionStartId-3="9.[113,178,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox-0="[114,1458,144,862]" captionTargetBox-1="[114,1458,989,1802]" captionTargetBox-2="[321,1281,144,1537]" captionTargetBox-3="[114,1458,144,1182]" captionTargetId-0="figure-74@7.[114,1458,144,862]" captionTargetId-1="figure-107@7.[114,1458,989,1802]" captionTargetId-2="figure-192@8.[321,1281,144,1537]" captionTargetId-3="figure-414@9.[114,1458,144,1182]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="Figure 4. Laser scanning images from the preserved holotype of Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus (MBLUZ 1292) in dorsal and ventral views.Images were obtained using a VR-6000 series KEYENCE 3D Optical Profilometer." captionText-1="Figure 5. Three-dimensional rendering of the skull of the holotype of Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus (MBLUZ 1292). Cranium in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) view, and jaw in lateral (D), medial (E), dorsal (F) and ventral (G) views." captionText-2="Figure 6. Telescoped pattern of the skull of Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus (MBLUZ 1292, top), compared with Pseudogonatodes manessi (KU 182740, bottom). Arrows indicate the facets that support each dorsal bone. Colours are as follows: purple, premaxilla; cobalt blue, nasal; light blue, frontal; green, parietal." captionText-3="Figure 7. Complete skeleton of Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus (MBLUZ 1292) in dorsal and ventral view, and insets with close-up for the right manus and pes." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4–7</figureCitation> +) +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="63BBEB84E21FFFAEFCABFEFFF4BEA960" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFCABFEFFF235A92E" blockId="5.[810,1459,272,358]" box="[810,1290,272,296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="0BB19F21E21FFFAEFCABFEFFF235A92E" box="[810,1290,272,296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFCABFEFFF31FA921" ID-CoL="4NXL4" box="[810,1056,272,296]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manessi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCABFEFFF31FA921" box="[810,1056,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudogonatodes manessi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +: +<treatmentCitation id="AA009E1EE21FFFAEFBADFEFFF239A92E" author="Rivas GA & Rojas-Runjaic FJM & Barrio-Amoros CL" box="[1068,1286,272,296]" page="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2006"> +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE21FFFAEFBADFEFFF239A92E" author="Rivas GA & Rojas-Runjaic FJM & Barrio-Amoros CL" box="[1068,1286,272,296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref14842" refString="Rivas GA, Rojas-Runjaic FJM, Barrio-Amoros CL. Geographic distribution. Pseudogonatodes manessi. Herpetological Review 2006; 37: 107." type="journal volume" year="2006"> +Rivas +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFBE8FEFFF3A7A92E" box="[1129,1176,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis> +2006: 107 +</bibRefCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +. +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFCC4FEC0F4BEA960" blockId="5.[810,1459,272,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFCC4FEC0F336A940" box="[837,1033,303,327]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCC4FEC0F4D6A941" box="[837,1001,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudogonatodes</emphasis> +sp +</taxonomicName> +: +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE21FFFAEFB90FEC0F38DA941" author="Rivas GA & Lasso-Alcala O & Rodriguez-Olarte D" box="[1041,1202,303,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref14792" refString="Rivas GA, Lasso-Alcala O, Rodriguez-Olarte D et al. Biogeographical patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the northernmost coastal montane complex of South America. PLoS One 2021; 16: e 0246829. hups: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0246829" type="journal volume" year="2021"> +Rivas +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFBCCFEDFF344A941" box="[1101,1147,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis> +2021 +</bibRefCitation> +: supporting information, table S3. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="63BBEB84E21FFFAEFCABFE67F38FAB0B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFCABFE67F2A7AA1B" blockId="5.[810,1459,392,541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<materialsCitation id="9BC9B252E21FFFAEFCABFE67F2A7AA1B" collectingDate="2014-08-13" collectionCode="MBLUZ" collectorName="Gilson A. Rivas & Mayke De Freitas" country="Venezuela" elevation="500" latitude="10.6925" location="Cerro El Olvido" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.963055" municipality="Peninsula de Paria" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="MBLUZ 1292" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sucre state" typeStatus="holotype"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCABFE67F319A9A6" box="[810,1062,392,416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE21FFFAEFCABFE67F4BAA9A6" box="[810,901,392,416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +: +<specimenCode id="7B071074E21FFFAEFC12FE67F319A9A6" box="[915,1062,392,416]" collectionCode="MBLUZ" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MBLUZ 1292</specimenCode> +</emphasis> +, an +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E21FFFAEFBD5FE67F3B7A9A6" box="[1108,1160,392,416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="adult">adult</specimenCount> +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E21FFFAEFB10FE67F3FBA9A6" box="[1169,1220,392,416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">male</specimenCount> +, collected from a footpath +<locationDeviation id="3AACA12DE21FFFAEFCE4FE48F3DCA9B9" box="[869,1251,423,447]" firstLocation="Macuro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" secondLocation="Los Chorros">between Macuro and Los Chorros</locationDeviation> +( +<location id="2E7EEED4E21FFFAEFB76FE48F290A9B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A3080919E21FFFA7FC05FF50F5B2AF03:2E7EEED4E21FFFAEFB76FE48F290A9B9" box="[1271,1455,423,447]" country="Venezuela" county="Mayke De Freitas." latitude="10.6925" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.963055" municipality="Peninsula de Paria" name="Cerro El Olvido" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Sucre state">Cerro El Olvido</location> +, +<geoCoordinate id="4E95DEC8E21FFFAEFCABFE29F499A9D8" box="[810,934,453,478]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="33" value="10.6925"> +10°41 +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCE7FE2AF453A9D8" box="[870,876,453,478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ʹ</emphasis> +33 +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFC07FE2AF4AEA9D8" box="[902,913,453,478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">″</emphasis> +N +</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="4E95DEC8E21FFFAEFC33FE29F309A9D8" box="[946,1078,453,478]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-61.963055"> +61°57 +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFC6EFE2AF4CAA9D8" box="[1007,1013,453,478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ʹ</emphasis> +47 +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFB8FFE2AF326A9D8" box="[1038,1049,453,478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">″</emphasis> +W +</geoCoordinate> +), at ~ +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21FFFAEFBF5FE29F385A9D8" box="[1140,1210,454,478]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="500.0"> +<elevation id="A08C5F3CE21FFFAEFBF5FE29F385A9D8" box="[1140,1210,454,478]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation> +</quantity> +elevation, +<collectingMunicipality id="CB7A2275E21FFFAEFAAFFE29F45FA9F8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Península de Paria</collectingMunicipality> +, +<collectingRegion id="E96576EDE21FFFAEFCEAFE09F4E3A9FB" box="[875,988,486,510]" country="Venezuela" name="Sucre" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sucre state</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="53B6F89FE21FFFAEFC69FE09F36CA9F8" box="[1000,1107,486,510]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +; one of three +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E21FFFAEFB65FE09F270A9F8" box="[1252,1359,486,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">specimens</specimenCount> +collected on +<date id="5F1F9ECFE21FFFAEFCCBFDEAF4D3AA1B" box="[842,1004,517,541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2014-08-13"> +<collectingDate id="4F5B6727E21FFFAEFCCBFDEAF4D3AA1B" box="[842,1004,517,541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2014-08-13">13 August 2014</collectingDate> +</date> +by +<collectorName id="8654DDD9E21FFFAEFB8EFDEAF391AA1B" box="[1039,1198,517,541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gilson A. Rivas</collectorName> +and +<collectorName id="8654DDD9E21FFFAEFB5FFDEAF2ACAA1B" box="[1246,1427,517,541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mayke De Freitas</collectorName> +. +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFCABFDD0F357AA70" blockId="5.[810,1459,574,630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<materialsCitation id="9BC9B252E21FFFAEFCABFDD0F35CAA70" collectingDate="2014-08-13" collectionCode="MBLUZ" collectorName="Gilson A. Rivas & Mayke De Freitas" country="Venezuela" elevation="500" latitude="10.6925" location="Cerro El Olvido" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.963055" municipality="Peninsula de Paria" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="MBLUZ 1293-1294" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Sucre" typeStatus="paratype"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCABFDD0F4AEAA50" box="[810,913,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE21FFFAEFCABFDD0F4B3AA50" box="[810,908,575,598]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus> +: +</emphasis> +<specimenCode id="7B071074E21FFFAEFC18FDD0F34DAA50" box="[921,1138,574,598]" collectionCode="MBLUZ" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MBLUZ 1293–1294</specimenCode> +; +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E21FFFAEFBFFFDD0F227AA50" box="[1150,1304,574,598]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount> +with the same collection data as the holotype +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFCABFD78F38FAB0B" blockId="5.[810,1459,663,781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCABFD78F4E0AAA9" box="[810,991,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Referred specimen:</emphasis> +<materialsCitation id="9BC9B252E21FFFAEFC64FD78F392AB0B" collectingDate="2002-07-19" collectionCode="MHNLS" collectorName="Gilson Rivas & Cesar Barrio-Amoros" country="Venezuela" location="Cerro El Olvido" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="MHNLS 16202" specimenCount-subadult="1" stateProvince="Sucre state"> +<specimenCode id="7B071074E21FFFAEFC64FD78F3B5AAA9" box="[997,1162,663,687]" collectionCode="MHNLS" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNLS 16202</specimenCode> +, a +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E21FFFAEFB25FD78F3C3AAA9" box="[1188,1276,663,687]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="subadult">subadult</specimenCount> +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E21FFFAEFA80FD78F25DAAA9" box="[1281,1378,663,687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount> +in poor condition (a piece of skin is missing on the body) from the same locality as the +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE21FFFAEFC49FD39F4C9AAE8" box="[968,1014,726,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus> +series, but collected by +<collectorName id="8654DDD9E21FFFAEFB7CFD39F2BCAAE8" box="[1277,1411,726,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gilson Rivas</collectorName> +and +<collectorName id="8654DDD9E21FFFAEFCABFD1AF33AAB0B" box="[810,1029,757,781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">César Barrio-Amorós</collectorName> +on +<date id="5F1F9ECFE21FFFAEFBABFD1AF392AB0B" box="[1066,1197,757,781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2002-07-19"> +<collectingDate id="4F5B6727E21FFFAEFBABFD1AF392AB0B" box="[1066,1197,757,781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2002-07-19">19 July 2002</collectingDate> +</date> +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="63BBEB84E21FFFA3FCABFCDAF38BAEF5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFCABFCDAF204ADB9" blockId="5.[810,1459,820,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCABFCDAF3E7AB4A" box="[810,1240,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +Diagnosis: +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFC16FCDBF3E7AB4A" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[919,1240,820,844]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +can be distinguished from all its congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) maximum SVL of +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21FFFAEFBC2FC9CF3A1AB8C" box="[1091,1182,883,907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.92" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="39.2">39.2 mm</quantity> +; (2) dorsal scales granular, roughly homogeneous in size, subconical but somewhat flattened and inclined posteriorly, larger than scales on top of head; (3) 98–106 scales around midbody; (4) rostral with posterior median cless, bordered posteriorly by four postrostrals; (5) four supralabials; (6) three infralabials; (7) eight or nine loreals; (8) posterior edge of mental scale without conspicuous median clesss; (9) five or six postmentals, which are equal to subequal in size compared with subsequent scales; (10) 37–41 ventrals in a straight line between anterior level of forelimbs and border of cloaca, (11) 31–33 ventrals between anterior levels of forelimbs and hindlimbs; (12) long digits lacking expanded subdigital third lamella; (13) eight or nine subdigital lamellae under finger IV; (14) 10 subdigital lamellae under toe IV; (15) subcaudal scales with an inconspicuous medial row of larger scales in contact with three scales laterally alternating with smaller scales in contact with two scales laterally; (16) long snout, with an elongated ascending nasal process of the premaxilla separating the nasal bones; and (17) fused parietal bones in adults. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFCABFA06F4F4AFBE" blockId="5.[810,1463,1513,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCABFA06F239AE07" box="[810,1286,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +Comparisons: +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFC45FA06F239AE07" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[964,1286,1513,1537]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFCE7F9E6F4EAAE26" box="[870,981,1544,1568]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCE7F9E6F4EAAE26" box="[870,981,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. barbouri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFC67F9E6F35BAE26" box="[998,1124,1545,1568]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFC67F9E6F35BAE26" box="[998,1124,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. guianensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFB25F9E6F226AE26" box="[1188,1305,1544,1568]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFB25F9E6F226AE26" box="[1188,1305,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. lunulatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by lacking an enlarged third subdigital lamella on the fourth toe (for a discussion of this character, see +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE21FFFAEFBE4F9A8F269AE59" author="Huey RB & Dixon JR" box="[1125,1366,1607,1631]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="538 - 42" refId="ref13564" refString="Huey RB, Dixon JR. A new Pseudogonatodes from Peru with remarks on other species of the genus. Copeia 1970; 1970: 538 - 42. hups: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442282" type="journal article" year="1970">Huey and Dixon 1970</bibRefCitation> +). It also differs from those three species by its larger size, with adults of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFCCDF969F4C1AE98" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[844,1022,1670,1694]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCCDF969F4C1AE98" box="[844,1022,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +reaching a maximum SVL of +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21FFFAEFAD9F969F28CAE9B" box="[1368,1459,1670,1694]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.92" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="39.2">39.2 mm</quantity> +and the smallest specimen known (a juvenile) with an SVL of +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21FFFAEFCABF92BF4B8AEDA" box="[810,903,1732,1756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="32.2">32.2 mm</quantity> +, whereas the maximum SVL reported is +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21FFFAEFAA1F92BF244AEDA" box="[1312,1403,1732,1756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="25.6">25.6 mm</quantity> +for +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFA23F92AF441AEFA" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFA23F92AF441AEFA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. barbouri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, 30.0 mm for +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFB8DF90BF3BBAEFD" box="[1036,1156,1764,1787]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFB8DF90BF3BBAEFD" box="[1036,1156,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. guianensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21FFFAEFB3AF90BF22AAEFD" box="[1211,1301,1764,1788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9899999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="29.9">29.9 mm</quantity> +for +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFABCF90BF292AEFA" box="[1341,1453,1764,1788]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFABCF90BF292AEFA" box="[1341,1453,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. lunulatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFCABF8ECF356AF1D" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[810,1129,1795,1819]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCABF8ECF356AF1D" box="[810,1129,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +further differs from +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFAB8F8EBF28CAF1D" box="[1337,1459,1796,1819]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFAB8F8EBF28CAF1D" box="[1337,1459,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. guianensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFCD8F8CCF4F3AF3C" box="[857,972,1826,1850]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFCD8F8CCF4F3AF3C" box="[857,972,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. lunulatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by having a higher number of lamellae under the fourth finger (eight or nine vs. four to seven) and fourth toe (10 vs. five to seven), and from +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFBEFF88DF3E7AF7F" box="[1134,1240,1889,1913]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFBEFF88DF3E7AF7F" box="[1134,1240,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. barbouri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and by having dorsal scales that are granular and subconical as opposed to being flat and imbricated. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFF66F9D9F5F9AF7B" box="[231,710,143,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<table id="59A14AAFE21F0054FF66FF60F5F9AFB3" box="[231,710,143,1973]" gridcols="14" gridrows="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu"> +<tr id="9591BA4DE21F0054FF66FF60F63FAFB3" 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textDirection="bu"> +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFD2CF874F5F9AF95" authority="TG" authorityName="TG" box="[685,710,1925,1973]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri"> +13. +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFD2CF86AF5F9AF95" box="[685,710,1925,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFD2CF8CCF5F9AF7B" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1931" box="[685,710,1827,1917]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Sphaerodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFD2CF8CCF5F9AF7B" box="[685,710,1827,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">townsendi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFD2CFA1AF5F9A957" box="[685,710,259,1603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFA1AF5F9AE45" box="[685,710,1525,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.15385</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFA6DF5F9ADD6" box="[685,710,1410,1488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.16798</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFAE0F5F9AD5B" box="[685,710,1295,1373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.19789</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFB73F5F9ACEC" box="[685,710,1180,1258]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.19789</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFBC6F5F9AC71" box="[685,710,1065,1143]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.19737</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFC5AF5F9AC02" box="[685,710,949,1028]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.17942</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFCADF5F9AB96" box="[685,710,834,912]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.17895</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFD20F5F9AB1B" box="[685,710,719,797]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.25000</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFDB3F5F9AAAC" box="[685,710,604,682]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.17816</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFE06F5F9AA31" box="[685,710,489,567]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.18421</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFE99F5F9A9C2" box="[685,710,374,452]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu"> +<geoCoordinate id="4E95DEC8E21FFFAEFD2CFE99F5F9A9C2" box="[685,710,374,452]" degrees="0.17895" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="0.17895">0.17895</geoCoordinate> +</td> +<td id="D640D331E21F0054FD2CFEECF5F9A957" box="[685,710,259,337]" gridcol="12" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" textDirection="bu">0.15119</td> +</paragraph> +</tr> +</emphasis> +</th> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<caption id="7FDEE887E21FFFAEFF1CF891F7EDAF5E" box="[157,210,207,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[157,182,1918,1973]" targetBox="[231,710,143,1973]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21FFFAEFF1CF891F7EDAF5E" box="[157,210,207,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFF1CF891F789AF7F" bold="true" box="[157,182,1900,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Table 3</emphasis> +. Genetic p-distances among specimens of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFF1CFAABF789ADDA" box="[157,182,1348,1500]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFF1CFAABF789ADDA" box="[157,182,1348,1500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudogonatodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and outgroups +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFF1CFBDBF789AC36" box="[157,182,958,1201]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFF1CFBDBF789ACB7" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1926" box="[157,182,1076,1201]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Coleodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coleodactylus</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFF1CFC51F789AC36" box="[157,182,958,1072]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Coleodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachystoma">brachystoma</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +and +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21FFFAEFF1CFD12F789AAFE" box="[157,182,670,912]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFF1CFD12F789AB96" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[157,182,765,912]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Sphaerodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sphaerodactylus</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21FFFAEFF1CFD71F789AAFE" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1931" box="[157,182,670,760]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Sphaerodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">townsendi</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +for 12 S (above the diagonal) and 16 S (below the diagonal). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="7FDEE887E21CFFADFF00FA45F6CFAE80" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[129,194,1450,1474]" targetBox="[161,1441,142,1422]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21CFFADFF00FA45F6CFAE80" blockId="6.[129,1458,1450,1670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFF00FA45F7E7ADC4" bold="true" box="[129,216,1450,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 3.</emphasis> +Specimens of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFEE1FA45F6C7ADC4" box="[352,504,1450,1474]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFEE1FA45F6C7ADC4" box="[352,504,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudogonatodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from northern South America in life. A, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFCF7FA45F384ADC4" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[886,1211,1450,1474]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFCF7FA45F384ADC4" bold="true" box="[886,1211,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +female (presumably) paratype (MBLUZ 1293), Cerro El Olvido, Venezuela. B, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFD20FA29F4BAADD8" box="[673,901,1478,1502]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manessi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFD20FA29F4BAADD8" box="[673,901,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudogonatodes manessi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, female, Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela (MHNLS 17984). C, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFE34FA0DF5B5ADFC" box="[437,650,1506,1530]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furvus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFE34FA0DF5B5ADFC" box="[437,650,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudogonatodes furvus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, male topotype, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia (CBUMAG:REP:00767). D, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFF1AFA11F6BFAE10" box="[155,384,1534,1558]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manessi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFF1AFA11F6BFAE10" box="[155,384,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudogonatodes manessi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, young specimen, from La Cumbre, Municipio Bruzual, Sierra de Aroa, Venezuela; this individual would represent the westernmost limit of the species. E, view of Cerro Azul from Cerro El Olvido, two of the highest mountains with humid forests at the eastern end of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela. F, undergrowth with abundant decomposing organic matter and rocks, an environment where +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFF00F9BCF60FAE6C" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[129,304,1618,1642]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFF00F9BCF60FAE6C" bold="true" box="[129,304,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +lives. Photographs: Luis A. Rodríguez J. (A), Eric N. Smith (B), Andrés C. Montes-Correa (C), Alberto Navas and Edward Camargo (D), and Gilson Rivas (E, F). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21CFFA3FF1DF959F38BAEF5" blockId="6.[128,781,1718,1962]" lastBlockId="8.[825,1474,1692,1779]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFF1DF959F6D2AEC8" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[156,493,1718,1742]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFF1DF959F6D2AEC8" box="[156,493,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +shares with +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFD1EF958F43BAEC8" ID-CoL="4NXKX" box="[671,772,1718,1742]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furvus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFD1EF958F43BAEC8" box="[671,772,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. furvus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFF00F939F5DBAEE8" ID-CoL="4NXKY" authority="Avila-Pires & Hoogmoed, 2000" authorityName="Avila-Pires & Hoogmoed" authorityYear="2000" box="[129,740,1750,1774]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFF00F939F645AEEB" box="[129,378,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudogonatodes gasconi</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE21CFFADFE08F939F5DBAEE8" author="Avila-Pires TCS & Hoogmoed MS" box="[393,740,1750,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="209 - 23" refId="ref12451" refString="Avila-Pires TCS, Hoogmoed MS. On two new species of Pseudogonatodes Ruthven, 1915 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), with remarks on the distribution of some other sphaerodactyl lizards. Zoologische Mededelingen 2000; 73: 209 - 23." type="journal article" year="2000">Avila-Pires & Hoogmoed, 2000</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFD78F939F7F2AF0B" ID-CoL="4NXL4" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manessi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFD78F939F7F2AF0B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. manessi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFF5BF91AF5E9AF0B" ID-CoL="4NXL5" authority="Huey & Dixon, 1970" authorityName="Huey & Dixon" authorityYear="1970" box="[218,726,1781,1805]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFF5BF91AF6CFAF0B" box="[218,496,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudogonatodes peruvianus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE21CFFADFE79F91AF5E9AF0B" author="Huey RB & Dixon JR" box="[504,726,1781,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="538 - 42" refId="ref13564" refString="Huey RB, Dixon JR. A new Pseudogonatodes from Peru with remarks on other species of the genus. Copeia 1970; 1970: 538 - 42. hups: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442282" type="journal article" year="1970">Huey & Dixon, 1970</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFF00F8FAF7DDAF2A" box="[129,226,1812,1836]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quihuai"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFF00F8FAF7DDAF2A" box="[129,226,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. quihuai</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +the lack of an enlarged third lamella on the fourth toe. In comparison to +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFEB4F8DBF6DFAF4A" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[309,480,1844,1868]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFEB4F8DBF6DFAF4A" box="[309,480,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFE6AF8DBF501AF4A" ID-CoL="4NXKX" box="[491,574,1844,1868]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furvus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFE6AF8DBF501AF4A" box="[491,574,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. furvus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +seems to be a larger species, with adults exceeding +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21CFFADFE32F8BCF6C4AF6C" box="[435,507,1875,1899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity> +in SVL, differing in having fewer postrostrals (three vs. four) and postmentals (two to four vs. five or six), and more lamellae under the fourth finger (10 or 11 vs. eight or nine) and toe (11–15 vs. 10). +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFA9FF959F440AEEB" ID-CoL="4NXKY" authorityName="Avila-Pires & Hoogmoed" authorityYear="2000" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFA9FF959F440AEEB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudogonatodes gasconi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is a very small species; the only known specimen ( +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE21CFFADFA06F939F456AF0B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +) is a gravid female +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21CFFADFBB5F91AF341AF0A" box="[1076,1150,1781,1805]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity> +in SVL, much smaller than the only juvenile known of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFBB2F8FAF3DFAF2A" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[1075,1248,1812,1836]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFBB2F8FAF3DFAF2A" box="[1075,1248,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(SVL +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21CFFADFAA8F8FBF2BCAF2A" box="[1321,1411,1812,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.22" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="32.2">32.2 mm</quantity> +). The single specimen of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFB82F8DBF35DAF4D" ID-CoL="4NXKY" authorityName="Avila-Pires & Hoogmoed" authorityYear="2000" box="[1027,1122,1844,1867]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFB82F8DBF35DAF4D" box="[1027,1122,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. gasconi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also has several other differences in comparison to +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21CFFADFC6EF8BBF3A4AF6D" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[1007,1179,1875,1899]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21CFFADFC6EF8BBF3A4AF6D" box="[1007,1179,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, including more postrostrals (five vs. four), fewer lamellae under the fourth finger (seven vs. eight or nine) and toe (eight vs. 10), tall conical scales as opposed to short subconical scales dorsally, and lacking a medial cless on the rostral scale, which is present all specimens of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21DFFACFD6BF870F639AFD0" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFD6BF870F639AFD0" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21DFFACFE97F851F565AFD0" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[278,602,1982,2006]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFE97F851F565AFD0" box="[278,602,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21DFFACFD6BF850F4ABAF91" ID-CoL="4NXL5" authorityName="Huey & Dixon" authorityYear="1970" box="[746,916,1920,2006]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFD6BF850F4ABAF91" box="[746,916,1920,2006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. peruvianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in being a larger species (largest adult in +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21DFFACFAB2F86FF28CAF91" ID-CoL="4NXL5" authorityName="Huey & Dixon" authorityYear="1970" box="[1331,1459,1920,1943]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFAB2F86FF28CAF91" box="[1331,1459,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. peruvianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is +<quantity id="EC5915EAE21DFFACFCC3F870F4B4AFB0" box="[834,907,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity> +in SVL) and having more lamellae under the fourth finger (eight or nine vs. six or seven) and toe (10 vs. eight or nine). It differs from +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FED7F972F688AEB2" box="[342,439,1692,1716]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quihuai"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FED7F972F688AEB2" box="[342,439,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. quihuai</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in having four postrostrals as opposed to three and having higher numbers of loreal scales (eight or nine vs. five or six) and scales around the midbody (98–106 vs. 85–91). +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FF59F915F529AF15" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[216,534,1786,1811]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FF59F915F529AF15" box="[216,534,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is both most phenotypically similar and most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FD9FF8F4F5BEAF37" ID-CoL="4NXL4" box="[542,641,1818,1842]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manessi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FD9FF8F4F5BEAF37" box="[542,641,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. manessi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but it differs from this species in having four postrostrals as opposed to three and in aspects of cranial osteology, as discussed below. Among species of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FF67F897F6B5AF96" ID-CoL="725C" box="[230,394,1912,1936]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FF67F897F6B5AF96" box="[230,394,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudogonatodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +for which cranial osteological data are available ( +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FF68F877F66BAFA9" ID-CoL="4NXKW" box="[233,340,1943,1967]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FF68F877F66BAFA9" box="[233,340,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. barbouri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FEDEF877F68DAFA9" ID-CoL="4NXKX" box="[351,434,1943,1967]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furvus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FEDEF877F68DAFA9" box="[351,434,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. furvus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FE3CF877F557AFA9" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[445,616,1943,1967]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FE3CF877F557AFA9" box="[445,616,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FDF5F877F5D2AFA9" ID-CoL="4NXKZ" box="[628,749,1944,1967]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FDF5F877F5D2AFA9" box="[628,749,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. guianensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FD78F877F4ACAEB2" ID-CoL="4NXL3" box="[761,915,1692,1967]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FD78F877F4ACAEB2" box="[761,915,1692,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. lunulatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FC1EF972F33DAEB2" ID-CoL="4NXL4" box="[927,1026,1693,1716]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manessi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FC1EF972F33DAEB2" box="[927,1026,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. manessi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FBBBF972F3A3AEB2" box="[1082,1180,1692,1716]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quihuai"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FBBBF972F3A3AEB2" box="[1082,1180,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. quihuai</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FB33F972F261AEB2" authorityName="MBLUZ" authorityYear="1294" box="[1202,1374,1692,1716]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FB33F972F261AEB2" box="[1202,1374,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is unique in having fused parietals and a long ascending nasal process that completely separates the nasal bones. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<caption id="7FDEE887E21DFFACFFF0FC96F483ABA8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[113,178,889,913]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,862]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21DFFACFFF0FC96F483ABA8" blockId="7.[113,1400,889,942]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFFF0FC96F7F6AB97" bold="true" box="[113,201,889,913]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4.</emphasis> +Laser scanning images from the preserved holotype of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21DFFACFD4EFC96F38CAB94" authority="(MBLUZ 1292)" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[719,1203,889,914]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFD4EFC96F32BAB97" bold="true" box="[719,1044,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +( +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFBA5FC95F396AB94" box="[1060,1193,890,914]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MBLUZ 1292</emphasis> +) +</taxonomicName> +in dorsal and ventral views. Images were obtained using a VR-6000 series KEYENCE 3D Optical Profilometer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="7FDEE887E21DFFACFFF0F8C9F370AF5C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[113,178,1830,1854]" targetBox="[114,1458,989,1802]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE21DFFACFFF0F8C9F370AF5C" blockId="7.[113,1434,1830,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFFF0F8C9F7F6AF38" bold="true" box="[113,201,1830,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 5.</emphasis> +Three-dimensional rendering of the skull of the holotype of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE21DFFACFC81F8C9F3DAAF38" authority="(MBLUZ 1292)" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[768,1253,1830,1854]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFC81F8C9F37AAF38" bold="true" box="[768,1093,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +( +<emphasis id="19D5641DE21DFFACFBD4F8C8F3E5AF38" box="[1109,1242,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MBLUZ 1292</emphasis> +) +</taxonomicName> +. Cranium in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) view, and jaw in lateral (D), medial (E), dorsal (F) and ventral (G) views. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="7FDEE887E212FFA3FF00F9F3F682AE6A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[129,194,1564,1588]" targetBox="[321,1281,144,1537]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE212FFA3FF00F9F3F682AE6A" blockId="8.[129,1457,1564,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FF00F9F3F7E7AE32" bold="true" box="[129,216,1564,1588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 6.</emphasis> +Telescoped pattern of the skull of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FD98F9F3F461AE32" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[537,862,1564,1588]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FD98F9F3F461AE32" bold="true" box="[537,862,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FCEFF9F2F4CCAE33" box="[878,1011,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MBLUZ 1292</emphasis> +, top), compared with +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE212FFA3FB42F9F2F298AE32" box="[1219,1447,1565,1589]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manessi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FB42F9F2F298AE32" box="[1219,1447,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudogonatodes manessi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(KU 182740, bottom). Arrows indicate the facets that support each dorsal bone. Colours are as follows: purple, premaxilla; cobalt blue, nasal; light blue, frontal; green, parietal. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<subSubSection id="63BBEB84E212FFA1FCB8F8FAF3C0AFB3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE212FFA2FCB8F8FAF579AFAF" blockId="8.[825,1475,1812,1962]" lastBlockId="9.[113,763,1310,1961]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE212FFA3FCB8F8FAF313AF2A" box="[825,1068,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +Description of +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE212FFA3FC52F8FBF317AF2A" box="[979,1064,1812,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +: +</emphasis> +An adult male (SVL +<quantity id="EC5915EAE212FFA3FAA5F8FAF242AF2A" box="[1316,1405,1813,1837]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.92" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="39.2">39.2 mm</quantity> +) with fully regenerated tail (TL +<quantity id="EC5915EAE212FFA3FBCCF8DBF399AF4D" box="[1101,1190,1844,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="27.8">27.8 mm</quantity> +) in a state of good preservation. Morphometric and meristic data are included in +<tableCitation id="66238DB4E212FFA3FA08F8BCF479AF8D" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[825,880,143,167]" captionText="Table 4. Measurements (in millimetres) and scale counts for the type series Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus. Definitions and abbreviations for all measurements are in the Materials and Methods section. A forward slash is used when there is less/right side variation." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 4</tableCitation> +. Head cone-shaped, long, and pointed. Rostral large, visible from above, with a posterior medial cless extending anteriorly more than half the length of the rostral. Four postrostrals, the two medial ones indenting the rostral and about half of the size of the two laterals (= supranasals). Nostrils and surrounding scales slightly protruding from snout, each bordered by rostral, supranasal, one (less) or two (right) postnasals, and first supralabial. Postnasals about the same size as loreal scales. Scales on snout and loreal region gradually transitioning from flat, polygonal, and juxtaposed, anteriorly, to conical and subimbricate, posteriorly. Nine loreal scales counted in the shortest straight line between postnasals and eye socket. Scales on supraorbital region subconical and subimbricate, slightly larger than adjacent scales. Anterodorsal ocular scales form a supraciliary flap, with the two anteriormost in dorsal view significantly larger than adjacent scales. Four supralabials, first three subequal in length, but first and second significantly taller than third; fourth supralabial below middle of eye, much smaller than the first three and followed posteriorly by granular scales similar in size to scales on adjacent temporal region. Scales on the temporal and parietal region small, granular to subconical, juxtaposed. Ear opening small and oval, located at a distance from orbit about twice as long as the distance between orbit and nostril. +</paragraph> +<caption id="7FDEE887E213FFA2FFF0FB55F60AACE8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[113,178,1210,1234]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1182]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE213FFA2FFF0FB55F60AACE8" blockId="9.[113,1445,1210,1262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE213FFA2FFF0FB55F7F6ACD4" bold="true" box="[113,201,1210,1234]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 7.</emphasis> +Complete skeleton of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE213FFA2FE1CFB55F4BFACD4" authority="(MBLUZ 1292)" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[413,896,1210,1234]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE213FFA2FE1CFB55F5DDACD4" bold="true" box="[413,738,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +( +<emphasis id="19D5641DE213FFA2FD70FB54F449ACD4" box="[753,886,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MBLUZ 1292</emphasis> +) +</taxonomicName> +in dorsal and ventral view, and insets with close-up for the right manus and pes. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE213FFA2FCC4FAF1F315AEEA" blockId="9.[810,1459,1310,1961]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mental large, without posterior clesss. Posterior border of mental resembles a half hexagon, with a transverse straight suture and two divergent oblique sutures. Six asymmetrically arranged postmentals, the first two in contact with right oblique suture, the second to fourth in contact with transverse suture, and fourth to sixth with less oblique suture of mental. Postmentals about same size as scales of chin, which are granular and subimbricate. Three infralabials, the first very long, almost reaching anterior level of orbit and more than twice as long as the second infralabial; third infralabial small, below midlevel of orbit, followed posteriorly by four or five small, elongated scales to rictus of mouth. Scales on upper part and sides of neck granular, like dorsals. Anterior scales of the throat granular, rounded, and juxtaposed, gradually transitioning posteriorly to larger, subimbricate granules, to flat, imbricated ventral scales.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE213FFA1FCC4F91BF51AA900" blockId="9.[810,1459,1310,1961]" lastBlockId="10.[129,778,144,889]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dorsal scales granular, rounded in lateral and dorsal view, slightly inclined posteriorly. Dorsal granules slightly larger than those on parietal region. Ventral scales distinctly larger than dorsals, flat, smooth, imbricate, more or less rhomboidal, with rounded corners; 33 scales in a midventral line between anterior levels of fore- and hindlimbs, 41 until vent. A single row of small irregular scales borders the vent anteriorly, two rows posteriorly. A narrow transitional zone between dorsals and ventrals. Longitudinal scale rows around midbody 100, of which ~15 are well-defined ventrals. Escutcheon absent.</paragraph> +<caption id="7FDEE887E210FFA1FCB8FF60F4ACA911" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[825,880,143,167]" targetType="table"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE210FFA1FCB8FF60F4ACA911" blockId="10.[825,1474,143,279]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FCB8FF60F4B8A8A1" bold="true" box="[825,903,143,167]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 4.</emphasis> +Measurements (in millimetres) and scale counts for the type series +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE210FFA1FC47FF45F234A8C4" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[966,1291,170,194]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FC47FF45F234A8C4" bold="true" box="[966,1291,170,194]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Definitions and abbreviations for all measurements are in the Materials and Methods section. A forward slash is used when there is less/right side variation. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE210FFA1FF1DFEE2F65FAA58" blockId="10.[129,778,144,889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">On the base of tail, supracaudal scales are similar in size and shape to trunk dorsals, abruptly transitioning into large, flat, subimbricate scales on the second sixth of the tail. Tail regenerated at the beginning of the third sixth of tail. Original tail segment has an inconspicuous midventral row of larger scales in contact with three scales laterally alternating with smaller scales in contact with two scales laterally. Dorsal region of the regenerated portion of tail with flat, oval-shaped, imbricate scales, slightly smaller than scales on unregenerated portion. Subcaudal scales on regenerated portion of tail irregular in shape and size, but flat and imbricate.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE210FFA1FCB8FEC3F262AC3D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<table id="59A14AAFE2100054FCB8FEC3F2FDAC3D" box="[825,1474,300,1083]" gridcols="4" gridrows="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FEC3F2FDA943" box="[825,1474,300,325]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FEC3F4A4A943" box="[825,923,300,325]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FCB8FEC3F4A4A942" bold="true" box="[825,923,300,324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Character</emphasis> +</th> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FC65FEC3F352A943" box="[996,1133,300,325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FC64FEC2F352A943" bold="true" box="[997,1133,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MBLUZ 1292</emphasis> +</th> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFEC3F228A943" box="[1165,1303,300,325]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FB0CFEC2F228A942" bold="true" box="[1165,1303,300,325]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MBLUZ 1293</emphasis> +</th> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FEC3F2FDA943" box="[1336,1474,300,325]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FAB9FEC2F2FDA942" bold="true" box="[1336,1474,300,325]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MBLUZ 1294</emphasis> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FEB3F2FDA973" box="[825,1474,348,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FEB3F4A4A973" box="[825,923,348,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sex</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FEB3F352A973" box="[996,1133,348,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFEB3F228A973" box="[1165,1303,348,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Female</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FEB3F2FDA973" box="[1336,1474,348,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">?</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FE90F2FDA990" box="[825,1474,383,406]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FE90F2FDA990" box="[825,1474,383,406]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Measurements</th> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FE4FF2FDA9BE" box="[825,1474,416,440]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FE4FF4A4A9BE" box="[825,923,416,440]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SVL</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FE4FF352A9BE" box="[996,1133,416,440]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">39.2</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFE4FF228A9BE" box="[1165,1303,416,440]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">34.4</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FE4FF2FDA9BE" box="[1336,1474,416,440]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">32.2</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FE2DF2FDA9DC" box="[825,1474,450,474]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FE2DF4A4A9DC" box="[825,923,450,474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TL</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FE2DF352A9DC" box="[996,1133,450,474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">27.8</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFE2DF228A9DC" box="[1165,1303,450,474]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">22.4</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FE2DF2FDA9DC" box="[1336,1474,450,474]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Broken</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FE0BF2FDA9FA" box="[825,1474,484,508]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FE0BF4A4A9FA" box="[825,923,484,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">AXG</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FE0BF352A9FA" box="[996,1133,484,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19.2</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFE0BF228A9FA" box="[1165,1303,484,508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">16.6</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FE0BF2FDA9FA" box="[1336,1474,484,508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">14.9</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FDE9F2FDAA18" box="[825,1474,518,542]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FDE9F4A4AA18" box="[825,923,518,542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HL</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FDE9F352AA18" box="[996,1133,518,542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8.9</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFDE9F228AA18" box="[1165,1303,518,542]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7.8</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FDE9F2FDAA18" box="[1336,1474,518,542]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7.6</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FDC8F2FDAA46" box="[825,1474,551,576]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FDC8F4A4AA46" box="[825,923,551,576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HW</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FDC8F352AA46" box="[996,1133,551,576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.2</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFDC8F228AA46" box="[1165,1303,551,576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.7</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FDC8F2FDAA46" box="[1336,1474,551,576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.0</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FDA6F2FDAA64" box="[825,1474,585,610]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FDA6F4A4AA64" box="[825,923,585,610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HD</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FDA6F352AA64" box="[996,1133,585,610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.5</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFDA6F228AA64" box="[1165,1303,585,610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.0</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FDA6F2FDAA64" box="[1336,1474,585,610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.8</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FD84F2FDAA85" box="[825,1474,619,643]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FD84F4A4AA85" box="[825,923,619,643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">EYN</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FD84F352AA85" box="[996,1133,619,643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.3</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFD84F228AA85" box="[1165,1303,619,643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.2</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FD84F2FDAA85" box="[1336,1474,619,643]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.1</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FD62F2FDAAA3" box="[825,1474,653,677]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FD62F4A4AAA3" box="[825,923,653,677]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">EYE</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FD62F352AAA3" box="[996,1133,653,677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.6</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFD62F228AAA3" box="[1165,1303,653,677]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.4</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FD62F2FDAAA3" box="[1336,1474,653,677]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.4</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FD40F2FDAAC1" box="[825,1474,687,711]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FD40F2FDAAC1" box="[825,1474,687,711]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Scale counts</th> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FD3EF2FDAAEF" box="[825,1474,721,745]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FD3EF4A4AAEF" box="[825,923,721,745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SAM</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FD3EF352AAEF" box="[996,1133,721,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">100</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFD3EF228AAEF" box="[1165,1303,721,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">98</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FD3EF2FDAAEF" box="[1336,1474,721,745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">106</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FD1CF2FDAB0D" box="[825,1474,755,779]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FD1CF4A4AB0D" box="[825,923,755,779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">VFH</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FD1CF352AB0D" box="[996,1133,755,779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">33</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFD1CF228AB0D" box="[1165,1303,755,779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">31</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FD1CF2FDAB0D" box="[1336,1474,755,779]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">33</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FCFAF2FDAB2B" box="[825,1474,789,813]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FCFAF4A4AB2B" box="[825,923,789,813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">VFC</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FCFAF352AB2B" box="[996,1133,789,813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">41</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFCFAF228AB2B" box="[1165,1303,789,813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">37</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FCFAF2FDAB2B" box="[1336,1474,789,813]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">40</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FCD9F2FDAB48" box="[825,1474,822,846]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FCD9F4A4AB48" box="[825,923,822,846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PR</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FCD9F352AB48" box="[996,1133,822,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFCD9F228AB48" box="[1165,1303,822,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FCD9F2FDAB48" box="[1336,1474,822,846]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FCB7F2FDAB72" box="[825,1474,856,884]" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FCB7F4A4AB72" box="[825,923,856,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PN</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FCB7F352AB72" box="[996,1133,856,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">½</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFCB7F228AB72" box="[1165,1303,856,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FCB7F2FDAB72" box="[1336,1474,856,884]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1/2</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FC95F2FDAB94" box="[825,1474,890,914]" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FC95F4A4AB94" box="[825,923,890,914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">LOR</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FC95F352AB94" box="[996,1133,890,914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFC95F228AB94" box="[1165,1303,890,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FC95F2FDAB94" box="[1336,1474,890,914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FC73F2FDABB2" box="[825,1474,924,948]" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FC73F4A4ABB2" box="[825,923,924,948]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SUPL</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FC73F352ABB2" box="[996,1133,924,948]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFC73F228ABB2" box="[1165,1303,924,948]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FC73F2FDABB2" box="[1336,1474,924,948]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FC51F2FDABD0" box="[825,1474,958,982]" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FC51F4A4ABD0" box="[825,923,958,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INFL</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FC51F352ABD0" box="[996,1133,958,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFC51F228ABD0" box="[1165,1303,958,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FC51F2FDABD0" box="[1336,1474,958,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FC30F2FDABF1" box="[825,1474,991,1015]" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FC30F4A4ABF1" box="[825,923,991,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PM</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FC30F352ABF1" box="[996,1133,991,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFC30F228ABF1" box="[1165,1303,991,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FC30F2FDABF1" box="[1336,1474,991,1015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FBEDF2FDAC1C" box="[825,1474,1026,1050]" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FBEDF4A4AC1C" box="[825,923,1026,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">LFF</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FBEDF352AC1C" box="[996,1133,1026,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFBEDF228AC1C" box="[1165,1303,1026,1050]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FBEDF2FDAC1C" box="[1336,1474,1026,1050]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9591BA4DE2100054FCB8FBCCF2FDAC3D" box="[825,1474,1059,1083]" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="D640D331E2100054FCB8FBCCF4A4AC3D" box="[825,923,1059,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">LFT</th> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FC65FBCCF352AC3D" box="[996,1133,1059,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">10</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FB0CFBCCF228AC3D" box="[1165,1303,1059,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">10</td> +<td id="D640D331E2100054FAB9FBCCF2FDAC3D" box="[1336,1474,1059,1083]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">10</td> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE210FFA1FF1DFD89F634AB7F" blockId="10.[129,778,144,889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Scales on anterior part of forelimbs flat, smooth, and imbricate; elsewhere on the forelimbs granular and subimbricate to juxtaposed. Scales on forelimbs flat, smooth, and imbricate except posteriorly, where they are granular and juxtaposed. Ventral surfaces of manus and pes with heterogeneous squamation in shape and size. Lamellae under fourth finger eight, under fourth toe 10. Lamellae under digits subequal in size. Claws enclosed by an ungual sheath comprising five scales, as is characteristic for the genus.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE210FFA1FF00FC75F435AE42" blockId="10.[129,778,922,1604]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FF00FC75F677ABB4" box="[129,328,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE210FFA1FF00FC75F7E5ABB4" box="[129,218,922,946]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +coloration: +</emphasis> +In life, the background dorsal coloration of the head, body, limbs, and tail is chocolate brown overlaid with irregular dark brown mottling. A longitudinal and nearly mid-dorsal series of nine small pale cream dots extends from the level of the forelimbs to the midbody level and continues with three additional dots immediately anterior to the level of the hindlimbs. These pale dots are small, encompassing two to four scales, and are separated by three to four scales. There are also slightly larger pale spots dorsolaterally, but much more interspersed, three on each side of the body. The top of the head has inconspicuous pale dots not forming a discernible pattern. The labial region also has inconspicuous pale markings, especially around the sutures between the supralabials and infralabials, respectively. The top of the tail has short irregular and broken cream and brown dorsolateral stripes that extend only from the level of the hindlimbs to the anterior sixth portion of the tail. The venter is pinkish brown. The gular area is cream coloured, with some brown suffusions around the postmentals and posteriorly, where there is the colour transition to the venter. Subcaudal coloration same as dorsum except anteriorly, where it is suffused with pinkish brown. The preserved specimen has not changed much in colour, with only the pink hue in the ventral area fading. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE210FFA1FF00F989F245AD64" blockId="10.[129,779,1637,1974]" lastBlockId="10.[825,1475,1135,1973]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FF00F989F7DFAE7B" box="[129,224,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Variation:</emphasis> +Morphometric and meristic data for the type series is presented in +<tableCitation id="66238DB4E210FFA1FF60F96BF615AE9A" box="[225,298,1668,1692]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[825,880,143,167]" captionText="Table 4. Measurements (in millimetres) and scale counts for the type series Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus. Definitions and abbreviations for all measurements are in the Materials and Methods section. A forward slash is used when there is less/right side variation." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 4</tableCitation> +. Sexing of the +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE210FFA1FE3CF96BF528AE9A" box="[445,535,1668,1692]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +and the largest +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE210FFA1FD32F96AF435AE9B" box="[691,778,1669,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus> +(MBLUZ 1293) is tentative. These +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E210FFA1FE56F94BF556AEBA" box="[471,617,1700,1724]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount> +have differences in the subcaudal region adjacent to the vent. In the +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE210FFA1FDFCF92CF5E7AEDD" box="[637,728,1731,1755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +, presumably a male, there are two inconspicuous bulges ventrolaterally that might correspond to the presence of hemipenes. In MBLUZ 1293, presumably a female, the tail is constricted and regenerated shortly behind the vent, and there does not seem to be enough space for hemipenes. This specimen also has a noticeable swollen and decoloured area on the less side of the neck (observable in +<figureCitation id="B39AA48AE210FFA1FD64F890F7A1AFB0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1450,1474]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,142,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-182@6.[161,1441,142,1422]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Specimens of Pseudogonatodes from northern South America in life.A, Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus female (presumably) paratype (MBLUZ 1293), Cerro El Olvido, Venezuela.B, Pseudogonatodes manessi, female, Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela (MHNLS 17984). C, Pseudogonatodes furvus, male topotype, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia (CBUMAG:REP:00767). D,Pseudogonatodes manessi, young specimen, from La Cumbre, Municipio Bruzual, Sierra de Aroa, Venezuela; this individual would represent the westernmost limit of the species. E, view of Cerro Azul from Cerro El Olvido, two of the highest mountains with humid forests at the eastern end of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela. F, undergrowth with abundant decomposing organic matter and rocks, an environment where P. fuscofortunatus lives.Photographs: Luis A.Rodríguez J. (A), Eric N. Smith (B), Andrés C. Montes-Correa (C), Alberto Navas and Edward Camargo (D), and Gilson Rivas (E, F)." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3A</figureCitation> +), which might correspond to an extracranial endolymphatic sac, but computed tomography scans do not show extracranial calcium deposits in the endolymphatic sacs in any of the +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E210FFA1FADDFB61F2FDACA0" box="[1372,1474,1166,1190]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">three type</specimenCount> +specimens. In geckos, it has been demonstrated that females have larger endolymphatic sacs than males, e.g. in +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE210FFA1FB7DFB23F399AD03" authority="(de Jeude, 1887) (Lamb et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="de Jeude" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FB7DFB23F2FDACE2" box="[1276,1474,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gonatodes antillensis</emphasis> +(de Jeude, 1887) ( +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE210FFA1FC73FB03F3A4AD02" author="Lamb AD & Watkins-Colwell GJ & Moore JA" box="[1010,1179,1260,1284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="17 - 29" refId="ref13876" refString="Lamb AD, Watkins-Colwell GJ, Moore JA et al. Endolymphatic sac use and reproductive activity in the Lesser Antilles endemic gecko Gonatodes antillensis (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 2017; 58: 17 - 29. hups: // doi. org / 10.3374 / 014.058.0103" type="journal article" year="2017"> +Lamb +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FBB5FB02F35CAD02" box="[1076,1123,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis> +2017 +</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE210FFA1FB5BFB03F37DAD22" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758) (Laver et al. 2019)" authorityName="Laver et al." authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Squamata" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gekko" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gecko"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FB5BFB03F26EAD02" box="[1242,1361,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gekko gecko</emphasis> +(Linnaeus, 1758) ( +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE210FFA1FC0BFAE3F308AD22" author="Laver RJ & Hernandez-Morales C & Heinicke MP" box="[906,1079,1292,1316]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="213 - 28" refId="ref13933" refString="Laver RJ, Hernandez-Morales C, Heinicke MP et al. Ne development of cephalic armor in the Tokay gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Gekko gecko). Journal of Morphology 2019; 281: 213 - 28. hups: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21092" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Laver +<emphasis id="19D5641DE210FFA1FC4AFAE3F4C2AD22" box="[971,1021,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis> +2019 +</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, but unfortunately the lack of visible extracranial calcium deposits in MBLUZ 1293 precludes us from using this structure to help determine the sex of specimens. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE210FFA1FCD4FA85F3C0AFB3" blockId="10.[825,1475,1135,1973]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +There is noteworthy colour variation in the type series. Both MBLUZ 1293 and 1294 lack a well-defined series of mid-dorsal pale dots as observed in the +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE210FFA1FBDEFA47F382ADC6" box="[1119,1213,1448,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +. MBLUZ 1293 has many more pale markings than the other +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E210FFA1FB1BFA27F3C0ADE6" box="[1178,1279,1480,1504]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">two types</specimenCount> +, as described in the next few lines. The dorsolateral pale dots are more conspicuous and frequent, five as opposed to three on each side, compared with the +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE210FFA1FC17F9C9F4CBAE38" box="[918,1012,1574,1598]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +. These dots seem to have dark markings suffused around them, forming poorly defined ocelli. There is an additional series of smaller (encompassing two scales) pale cream dots laterally, about eight on each side. The rest of the pale markings are small and do not seem to form any pattern. MBLUZ 1293 also has a creamish yellow, roughly W-shaped marking on the parietal area that is not observed in the two other types. MBLUZ 1294 has dark suffusions in the gular area that form three diffuse and incomplete slanted stripes on each side of the head that extend posteromedially from the infralabials and, except for the anteriormost, do not contact each other medially. It is possible that these stripes fade ontogenetically, because they are not observed in the +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E210FFA1FBA9F871F3B6AFB3" box="[1064,1161,1949,1973]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount> +specimens. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="63BBEB84E211FFA0FFF0FF7FF5DFA9A5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE211FFA0FFF0FF7FF5DFA9A5" blockId="11.[113,763,144,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FFF0FF7FF7DEA8AE" box="[113,225,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology:</emphasis> +The specific epithet +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FE34FF7FF575A8AE" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[437,586,144,168]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FE34FF7FF575A8AE" box="[437,586,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is a combination of the words +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FE81FF40F60FA8C1" box="[256,304,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">fusco</emphasis> +(from +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FEFFFF40F687A8C1" box="[382,440,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">fuscus</emphasis> +, a noun in Latin), referring to the general brown colour of this species of lizard, and +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FD14FF20F5C5A8E1" box="[661,762,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">fortunatus</emphasis> +(Latin adjective meaning lucky or fortunate), and is formed as a compound noun in apposition. It is in reference to the lucky occasion of the discovery of this small brown gecko, which had gone unnoticed by other naturalists and explorers who visited these mountains over the previous century. The name was selected from a list of names proposed at the OroVerde office. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="63BBEB84E211FFA0FFF0FE2BF2BFA942" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE211FFA0FFF0FE2BF667AC09" blockId="11.[113,763,452,1416]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FFF0FE2BF620A9DA" box="[113,287,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cranial anatomy:</emphasis> +Typically, the skull ( +<figureCitation id="B39AA48AE211FFA0FE7AFE2BF56CA9DD" box="[507,595,452,476]" captionStart-0="Figure 5" captionStart-1="Figure 6" captionStart-2="Figure 7" captionStartId-0="7.[113,178,1830,1854]" captionStartId-1="8.[129,194,1564,1588]" captionStartId-2="9.[113,178,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox-0="[114,1458,989,1802]" captionTargetBox-1="[321,1281,144,1537]" captionTargetBox-2="[114,1458,144,1182]" captionTargetId-0="figure-107@7.[114,1458,989,1802]" captionTargetId-1="figure-192@8.[321,1281,144,1537]" captionTargetId-2="figure-414@9.[114,1458,144,1182]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="Figure 5. Three-dimensional rendering of the skull of the holotype of Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus (MBLUZ 1292). Cranium in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) view, and jaw in lateral (D), medial (E), dorsal (F) and ventral (G) views." captionText-1="Figure 6. Telescoped pattern of the skull of Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus (MBLUZ 1292, top), compared with Pseudogonatodes manessi (KU 182740, bottom). Arrows indicate the facets that support each dorsal bone. Colours are as follows: purple, premaxilla; cobalt blue, nasal; light blue, frontal; green, parietal." captionText-2="Figure 7. Complete skeleton of Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus (MBLUZ 1292) in dorsal and ventral view, and insets with close-up for the right manus and pes." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 5–7</figureCitation> +) is lightly built, as in other sphaerodactyls (i.e. +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FE65FE0CF568A9FD" authorityName="Gamble, Daza, Colli, Vitt & Bauer" authorityYear="2011" box="[484,599,483,507]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Chatogekko" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FE65FE0CF568A9FD" box="[484,599,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chatogekko</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FDEFFE0CF5CAA9FD" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1926" box="[622,757,483,507]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Coleodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FDEFFE0CF5CAA9FD" box="[622,757,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coleodactylus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FFF0FDECF7E7AA1D" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[113,216,515,539]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FFF0FDECF7E7AA1D" box="[113,216,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gonatodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FF71FDECF6B3AA1D" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1897" box="[240,396,515,539]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Lepidoblepharis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FF71FDECF6B3AA1D" box="[240,396,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lepidoblepharis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FE5DFDECF544AA1D" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[476,635,515,539]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Sphaerodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FE5DFDECF544AA1D" box="[476,635,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sphaerodactylus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); however, it is unique in being slender, having an elongated snout, and having a distinctive overlap of the premaxilla, nasals, and frontal. The nasals are completely separated from one another by the premaxilla; the frontal width is almost constant along most of the bone length and expands significantly and abruptly only in the posterior quarter. There is only a slight interorbital constriction of the frontal, which is unique among congeners. The frontal also has two long and well-defined anterolateral processes. Each eye has 14 scleral ossicles. The premaxilla has 11 tooth loci, the maxilla 25 tooth loci, and there are four supralabial foramina. The parietals are fused, and the frontoparietal suture is braced by the postorbitofrontal, which has a curved lateral margin. The braincase is not globular as in many other miniaturized sphaerodactyls. The vomer is fused; the palatine has a deep ventral choanal groove. The pterygoid braces the ectopterygoid as in other +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FF2FFC17F66DAC16" box="[174,338,1016,1040]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FF2FFC17F66DAC16" box="[174,338,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudogonatodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE211FFA0FF0CFBF8F7F1AD8E" blockId="11.[113,763,452,1416]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">The crista prootica extends to the base of the basipterygoid process; the posterior opening of the vidian canal is entirely ventral; the lateral aperture of the recessus scalae tympani is visible ventrally and the spheno-occipital tubercle is reduced. A stapedial foramen is present. The jaw is formed by the dentary, coronoid, splenial, and compound bone. The dentary extends laterally almost to the level of the posterior surangular foramen and bifurcates posteriorly into angular and surangular processes. There are three mental foramina and 30 tooth loci. The compound bone has a moderate retroarticular process, not expanded or excavated dorsally; the foramen for the chorda tympani opens medially.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE211FFA0FFF0FA43F5FEAE99" blockId="11.[111,763,1452,1978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FFF0FA43F67EADC2" box="[113,321,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Postcranial anatomy:</emphasis> +The skeleton ( +<figureCitation id="B39AA48AE211FFA0FE60FA43F523ADC2" box="[481,540,1452,1476]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-414@9.[114,1458,144,1182]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Complete skeleton of Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus (MBLUZ 1292) in dorsal and ventral view, and insets with close-up for the right manus and pes." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation> +) of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FDCDFA42F5C5ADC2" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[588,762,1452,1476]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FDCDFA42F5C5ADC2" box="[588,762,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has 26 presacral vertebrae; the atlas has fused neural arches and bifurcated hypaphophyses. MBLUZ 1293 has a total of nine caudal vertebrae, five in the pygal series, and four with autotomy planes. It has a regenerated axial rod beginning at the level of the ninth caudal. The specimen has no clavicular fenestra; the interclavicle has no lateral processes; and there are four pairs of ribs attached to the presternum, one via the mesosternum. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE211FFA0FF0CF947F2BFA942" blockId="11.[111,763,1452,1978]" lastBlockId="11.[810,1461,144,324]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +There are four phalanges in the 4th digit of manus and pes.Four phalanges are also present in the manual digit IV in +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FDF2F928F5C5AED9" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1926" box="[627,762,1735,1759]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Coleodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FDF2F928F5C5AED9" box="[627,762,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coleodactylus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FF21F909F62CAEF8" authorityName="Gamble, Daza, Colli, Vitt & Bauer" authorityYear="2011" box="[160,275,1766,1790]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Chatogekko" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FF21F909F62CAEF8" box="[160,275,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chatogekko</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but this character is unique in the pedal digit IV of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FF2CF8EAF66EAF1B" box="[173,337,1797,1821]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FF2CF8EAF66EAF1B" box="[173,337,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudogonatodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE211FFA0FEE3F8EAF6E6AF1B" author="Kluge AG" box="[354,473,1797,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref13856" refString="Kluge AG. Cladistic relationships of sphaerodactyl lizards. American Museum Novitates 1995; 3139: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1995">Kluge 1995</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE211FFA0FE64F8EAF58DAF1B" author="Gamble T & Daza JD & Colli GR" box="[485,690,1797,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1244 - 66" refId="ref13179" refString="Gamble T, Daza JD, Colli GR et al. A new genus of miniaturized and pugnosed gecko from South America (Sphaerodactylidae: Gekkota). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2011 a; 163: 1244 - 66. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00741. x" type="journal article" year="2011"> +Gamble +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FDBCF8E9F552AF1B" box="[573,621,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis> +2011a +</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE211FFA0FD3FF8E9F7E5AF3B" author="Bauer AM & Beach-Mehrotra M & Bermudez Y" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="102 - 16" refId="ref12648" refString="Bauer AM, Beach-Mehrotra M, Bermudez Y et al. Ne tiny skull of the Peruvian gecko Pseudogonatodes barbouri (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae) obtained via a divide-and-conquer approach to morphological data acquisition. South American Journal of Herpetology 2018; 13: 102 - 16. hups: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 17 - 00113.1" type="journal article" year="2018"> +Bauer +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FFF0F8CAF79EAF3B" box="[113,161,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis> +2018 +</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE211FFA0FF67F8CAF6CCAF3B" author="Montes-Correa AC & Saboya-Acosta LP & Jimenez-Bolano JD" box="[230,499,1829,1853]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="41 - 59" refId="ref14348" refString="Montes-Correa AC, Saboya-Acosta LP, Jimenez-Bolano JD et al. Extended diagnosis of the type species of Pseudogonatodes Ruthven 1915 (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae). Zootaoa 2021; 4915: 41 - 59. hups: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.1.3" type="journal article" year="2021"> +Montes-Correa +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FE0BF8CAF686AF3B" box="[394,441,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis> +2021 +</bibRefCitation> +). Using a combination of X-rays and micro-computed tomography data, this character was confirmed in +<specimenCount id="3DA77386E211FFA0FF7CF88CF6B4AF7D" box="[253,395,1891,1915]" count="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount> +, belonging to six species (including +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FFF0F86CF623AF9D" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[113,284,1923,1947]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FFF0F86CF623AF9D" box="[113,284,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). Pedal digit IV looks long in +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FDCDF86CF593AF9D" box="[588,684,1923,1947]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quihuai"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FDCDF86CF593AF9D" box="[588,684,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. quihuai</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but no osteological data are available to corroborate the reduction in the number of phalanxes. +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FBB5FF7FF215A8AE" box="[1076,1322,144,168]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quihuai"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FBB5FF7FF215A8AE" box="[1076,1322,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudogonatodes quihuai</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is also differentiated from all other +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FB90FF40F38AA8C1" box="[1041,1205,175,199]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FB90FF40F38AA8C1" box="[1041,1205,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudogonatodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in having paired frontals, a character reported before only in +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FB18FF20F21FA8E1" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1926" box="[1177,1312,207,231]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Coleodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FB18FF20F21FA8E1" box="[1177,1312,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coleodactylus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FAADFF20F292A8E0" authorityName="Keyserlingii Strauch" authorityYear="1863" box="[1324,1453,207,230]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Teratoscincus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FAADFF20F292A8E0" box="[1324,1453,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Teratoscincus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FCD4FF01F3EDA900" authority="(Daza and Bauer, 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Daza and Bauer" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[853,1234,238,262]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Saurodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FCD4FF01F4E1A900" box="[853,990,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Saurodactylus</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE211FFA0FC6DFF01F3F8A900" author="Daza JD & Bauer AM" box="[1004,1223,238,262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref12855" refString="Daza JD, Bauer AM. A new amber-embedded sphaerodactyl gecko from Hispaniola, with comments on the morphological synapomorphies of the Sphaerodactylidae. Breviora 2012; 529: 1 - 28. hups: // doi. org / 10.3099 / 529.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Daza and Bauer, 2012</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, but in recent analyses this species was confirmed as member of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FB42FEE2F258A923" box="[1219,1383,269,293]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FB42FEE2F258A923" box="[1219,1383,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudogonatodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(F.M.J. Rojas-Runjaic, personal communication to W.E. Schargel). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="63BBEB84E211FFA7FCABFE89F5B2AF03" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE211FFA0FCABFE89F226AB52" blockId="11.[810,1459,358,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FCABFE89F345A978" box="[810,1146,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Natural history and conservation:</emphasis> +All +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE211FFA0FB28FE89F3E8A978" box="[1193,1239,358,382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus> +specimens were collected on a trail that goes from Macuro to Los Chorros, along the eastern flank of Cerro El Olvido, at an elevation of ~ +<quantity id="EC5915EAE211FFA0FAEEFE4BF28CA9BA" box="[1391,1459,420,444]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity> +a.s.l. The individuals were active on the ground when captured at ~11.00 h. The species appeared to be common at that time, because eight individuals in addition to those collected were observed in 2 h. The first individual of this species was captured on +<date id="5F1F9ECFE211FFA0FCABFDAEF497AA5F" box="[810,936,577,601]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-07-19">19 July 2002</date> +( +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE211FFA0FC36FDAEF367AA5F" author="Rivas GA & Rojas-Runjaic FJM & Barrio-Amoros CL" box="[951,1112,577,601]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref14842" refString="Rivas GA, Rojas-Runjaic FJM, Barrio-Amoros CL. Geographic distribution. Pseudogonatodes manessi. Herpetological Review 2006; 37: 107." type="journal volume" year="2006"> +Rivas +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FC72FDADF31EAA5F" box="[1011,1057,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis> +2006 +</bibRefCitation> +). It was active at the base of a large tree located along the same trail where the +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE211FFA0FB6AFD8EF226AA7F" box="[1259,1305,609,633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus> +series was collected, but at ~15.00 h. It is important to note that at this elevation ( +<quantity id="EC5915EAE211FFA0FCE0FD70F498AAB1" box="[865,935,671,695]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity> +a.s.l.), there is a noticeable and abrupt transition in temperature and vegetation, changing from a warm lower level of deciduous vegetation to a cooler evergreen forest with mediumsized and larger trees. The soil is more humid, with abundant organic matter and rocky outcrops, producing a substrate with many suitable hiding places for these tiny lizards. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE211FFA0FCC4FCB4F3DDACEA" blockId="11.[810,1459,358,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +A particular feature of the Peninsula de Paria is that, owing to the Massenerhebung effect, Tropical Montane Humid Forest and Tropical Montane Cloud Forests are encountered at lower elevation than in the rest of Northern +<collectingCountry id="53B6F89FE211FFA0FB31FC56F225ABD7" box="[1200,1306,953,977]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced at the very end of the Peninsula, because the Trade Winds or Easterlies are prevalent and strong and carry seasonally high levels of moisture that are then pushed up by the mountain mass. The trade winds, moving from east to west, will encounter land at the easternmost side of the peninsula, offloading a higher amount of humidity at lower elevation. As they move westwards, the remaining humidity will be available at higher elevations, such as the surroundings of Cerro Humo, the highest peak of the Paria Range. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE211FFA7FCC4FB1CF574AA7B" blockId="11.[810,1459,358,1980]" lastBlockId="12.[128,779,144,1797]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +The Paria Range is composed of two geographically distinct sections (western and eastern) demarcated by a low pass (< +<quantity id="EC5915EAE211FFA0FAF1FAFDF28CAD2F" box="[1392,1459,1298,1322]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity> +in elevation) at Mejillones Cove. This lowland region is reputed to break up the continuity of the evergreen forest, and it might represent a significant barrier to the dispersal of animal populations in recent times between both sections, although the barrier might have become established too recently to have allowed speciation to occur. However, there seem to be some differences in species composition between eastern and western Paria based on the significant fieldwork conducted by G.A.R. and M.D.F. in the region. +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FCF8F9C3F388AE42" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[889,1207,1580,1604]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FCF8F9C3F388AE42" box="[889,1207,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has been collected only in the eastern section of Paria, despite considerable field effort in the western section. Another example is +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FB4CF984F28CAE84" baseAuthorityName="Rivas, Schargel & Meik" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1229,1459,1642,1666]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Oreosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodogaster"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE211FFA0FB4CF984F28CAE84" box="[1229,1459,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Oreosaurus rhodogaster</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE211FFA0FCB0F965F343AEA4" author="Schargel WE & Rivas GA & Myers CW" box="[817,1148,1674,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref15282" refString="Schargel WE, Rivas GA, Myers CW. An enigmatic new snake from cloud forest of the Peninsula de Paria, Venezuela (Colubridae: genus Taeniophallus?). American Museum Novitates 2005; 3484: 1 - 22. hups: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2005) 484 [0001: AENSFC] 2. 0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Rivas, Schargel & Meik, 2005</bibRefCitation> +; +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE211FFA0FB0DF965F261AEA4" box="[1164,1374,1674,1698]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gymnophthalmidae</taxonomicName> +), which appears to be common in the forest understorey of the western section, mainly in the surroundings of Cerro Humo and the village of Las Melenas, whereas it has not been observed in similar habitats in the eastern mountains around Macuro. This does not necessarily mean non-existence, but potentially that local conditions vary and significantly affect the abundances of these two species. It is well known that many amphibians have been observed at much lower elevations in the eastern section, around Macuro, than in the western ridges of Cerro Humo. Some amphibians and reptiles observed in Macuro and its surrounding mountains, El Olvido and Cerro Azul, are +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FDBAFF40F64BA8E0" authority="(Donoso-Barros, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Donoso-Barros" baseAuthorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Mannophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riveroi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FDBAFF40F436A8C1" box="[571,777,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mannophryne riveroi</emphasis> +(Donoso-Barros, 1956) +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FEFCFF20F57AA900" authority="Manzanilla, Jowers, La Marca, & Garcia-Paris, 2007" authorityName="Manzanilla, Jowers, La Marca, & Garcia-Paris" authorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Mannophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venezuelensis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FEFCFF20F5B4A8E1" box="[381,651,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mannophryne venezuelensis</emphasis> +Manzanilla, Jowers, La Marca, & García-Paris, 2007 +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FDCFFF01F6BBA923" authority="(Rivero, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientale"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FDCFFF01F7EBA923" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hyalinobatrachium orientale</emphasis> +(Rivero, 1968) +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FE0CFEE1F60BA943" authority="(Ayarzaguena & Senaris 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Ayarzaguena & Senaris" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Vitreorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castroviejoi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FE0CFEE1F551A923" box="[397,622,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vitreorana castroviejoi</emphasis> +(Ayarzaguena & Señaris 1997) +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FEBCFEC2F5FFA943" authority="Mertens, 1926" authorityName="Mertens" authorityYear="1926" box="[317,704,301,325]" class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FEBCFEC2F521A942" box="[317,542,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phyllomedusa trinitatis</emphasis> +Mertens, 1926 +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FD48FEC2F78AA962" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scinao ruber</emphasis> +(Laurenti, 1768), +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FE29FEA3F7FEA985" authority="(Parker, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Flectonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitzgeraldi"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FE29FEA3F5A8A962" box="[424,663,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Flectonotus fitzgeraldi</emphasis> +(Parker, 1934) +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FF48FE84F5A5A985" authority="Heyer, 2005" authorityName="Heyer" authorityYear="2005" box="[201,666,363,388]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turimiquensis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FF48FE84F6D3A985" box="[201,492,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Leptodactylus turimiquensis</emphasis> +Heyer, 2005 +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FD22FE84F68CA9A5" authority="Donoso-Barros, 1966" authorityName="Donoso-Barros" authorityYear="1966" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FD22FE84F7FBA9A5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gonatodes ceciliae</emphasis> +Donoso-Barros, 1966 +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FE3DFE64F789A9C4" authority="Kluge, 1969" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1969" class="Squamata" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaichthus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FE3DFE64F584A9A5" box="[444,699,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hemidactylus palaichthus</emphasis> +Kluge, 1969 +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FF3FFE45F546A9C4" authority="O'Shaughnessy, 1875" authorityName="O'Shaughnessy" authorityYear="1875" box="[190,633,426,450]" class="Squamata" family="Phyllodactylidae" genus="Phyllodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FF3FFE45F6A1A9C4" box="[190,414,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phyllodactylus ventralis</emphasis> +O'Shaughnessy, 1875 +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FD00FE45F6E6A9E7" authority="(Houuuyn, 1782)" baseAuthorityName="Houuuyn" baseAuthorityYear="1782" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Necadactylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rapicauda"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FD00FE45F7DDA9E7" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thecadactylus rapicauda</emphasis> +(Houttuyn, 1782) +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FE63FE25F7FFAA06" authority="(Hallowell, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FE63FE25F549A9E7" box="[482,630,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ninia atrata</emphasis> +(Hallowell, 1845) +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FF48FE06F562AA06" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[201,605,488,513]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Tantilla" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephala"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FF48FE06F697AA07" box="[201,424,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tantilla melanocephala</emphasis> +(Linnaeus, 1758) +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FD11FE06F6CBAA26" authority="Sandner-Montilla, 1952" authorityName="Sandner-Montilla" authorityYear="1952" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venezuelensis"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FD11FE06F5D9AA07" box="[656,742,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bothrops</emphasis> +aff. +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FF01FDE7F7C2AA26" box="[128,253,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">venezuelensis</emphasis> +Sandner-Montilla, 1952 +</taxonomicName> +. Ramón Urbano, as cited by +<bibRefCitation id="4F30C5FEE216FFA7FF01FDC8F6B5AA39" author="Phelps WH & Phelps WH" box="[128,394,551,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="62 - 6" refId="ref14512" refString="Phelps WH, Phelps WH. Ne discovery of the habitat of Gould's hummingbird, Hylonympha macrocerca. Ne Auk 1948; 65: 62 - 6. hups: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4080227" type="journal article" year="1948">Phelps and Phelps (1948)</bibRefCitation> +, additionally mentioned the presence of the bushmaster ( +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FEC7FDA8F6F1AA58" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[326,462,583,607]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Lachesis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muta"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FEC7FDA8F6F1AA58" box="[326,462,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lachesis muta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) as very abundant in the upper slopes of the mountains surrounding Macuro. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE216FFA7FF1DFD6AF439AD29" blockId="12.[128,779,144,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"> +A decade ago, the Venezuelan state-owned oil company Petróleos de +<collectingCountry id="53B6F89FE216FFA7FE8AFD4AF64CAABB" box="[267,371,677,701]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +, S. A (PDVSA) commissioned the reopening of the Güiria–Macuro road to facilitate access to the easternmost areas that were going to be developed as part of oil prospecting on the continental platform a few miles off-shore, but only the first phase of ground levelling was carried out. Finishing it could have spelled disaster for the Peninsula, because the road would have allowed easy access to otherwise isolated areas of the Peninsula, such as Patao and Macuro. Immigration would have been another negative aspect of the development of the liquified gas plant in Güiria and other related projects in or near Macuro (such as the underwater pipeline). Such development would have increased the pressure on a town already lacking basic government assistance for decades. However, for various reasons, the Paria liquified gas project collapsed, and a visit carried out by us in 2014 seemed to indicate that people have migrated from the village, abandoning the local crops. Also, most of the villagers are very happy buying food from grocery stores, rather than taking the risk of being bitten by snakes while looking for food on their small farms near forested areas. Most inhabitants in Paria have an almost supernatural fear of snakes, and most of them prefer not to wander in heavily vegetated areas, in order to avoid the risk of snake bites. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2B1EB80FE216FFA7FF1DFAD8F5B2AF03" blockId="12.[128,779,144,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"> +The locality where the +<typeStatus id="F41A06ADE216FFA7FE09FAD8F68AAD49" box="[392,437,1335,1359]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus> +series of +<taxonomicName id="ECA1C38CE216FFA7FD99FAD8F5FEAD48" baseAuthorityName="MBLUZ" baseAuthorityYear="1292" box="[536,705,1334,1358]" class="Squamata" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscofortunatus"> +<emphasis id="19D5641DE216FFA7FD99FAD8F5FEAD48" box="[536,705,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. fuscofortunatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +comes from is protected within the limits of the Paria Peninsula National Park, thanks to a recent presidential decree (Official Gazette 42.182, Decree No. 4547, dated +<date id="5F1F9ECFE216FFA7FE3AFA7BF571ADAA" box="[443,590,1428,1453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2021-08-03">3 August 2021</date> +) that expanded the mountainous area and marine-coastal area of the Paria Peninsula National Park from 37 500 ha at its creation in 1978 to 89 244 ha. In this sense, the lands above +<quantity id="EC5915EAE216FFA7FE28FA1CF6D5AE0C" box="[425,490,1523,1547]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity> +a.s.l. in the extreme east and south of the Peninsula are now protected within the limits of the National Park.This is the product of a wise decision supported by a series of scientific discoveries in recent decades, which have shown that the local biodiversity is greater than had been estimated until a few years ago. Many of the recent findings deal with new species of plants, amphibians, and reptiles, most of which are endemic to the region. This opens more and broader questions about the distribution of plants and animals in northeastern +<collectingCountry id="53B6F89FE216FFA7FDA0F902F5B6AF03" box="[545,649,1773,1797]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file