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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1142.90097" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1142-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1D4BDF04F72B59B9984E00D0B4FB338D" ID-ZooBank="A1129EE50F9941CFB73AE771B66E2486" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1142-1" checkinTime="1674655519517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tongkerd, Piyoros, Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn, Inkhavilay, Khamla, Prasankok, Pongpun, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Panha, Somsak &amp; Sutcharit, Chirasak" docDate="2023" docId="B0C10E8AB3F45845B2DA30081E442D68" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1142: 1-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1142" docPubDate="2023-01-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1142.90097" docTitle="Opisthoporus tener" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="1D4BDF04F72B59B9984E00D0B4FB338D" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="1D4BDF04F72B59B9984E00D0B4FB338D" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the snorkel snail genus Rhiostoma Benson, 1860 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1674655519517" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Systematic revision of the snorkel snail genus Rhiostoma Benson, 1860 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tongkerd, Piyoros</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand &amp; Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham 44150 Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Inkhavilay, Khamla</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, National University of Laos, P. O. Box 7322, Dongdok, Vientiane, Laos</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Prasankok, Pongpun</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="B0C10E8A-B3F4-5845-B2DA-30081E442D68" authority="(Menke, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Menke" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Opisthoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthoporus tener" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tener">Opisthoporus tener (Menke, 1856)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. A, B Opisthoporus herosae A holotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 33198 from Ninh Binh, Vietnam and B holotype FMNH 386285 of Rhiostoma ninhbinhensis Thach &amp; Huber, 201, from Ninh Binh, Vietnam C Opisthoporus ngocngai holotype FMNH 386291 from Ninh Hao, Vietnam D Opisthoporus ngocthachi holotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35508 from Khanh Hoa, Vietnam E Opisthoporus thorsengi holotype BOR / MOL 14587 from Dak Nong, Vietnam F Opisthoporus tener specimen NHMUK ex. Cuming collection. Photographs: M Caballer, A Lardeur and V Heros, MNHN (A, D, F), J Gerber, FMNH (B, C), T-S Liew, BORNEENSIS (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1142.90097.figure58" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/799916" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 58F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pterocyclos" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterocyclos tener" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tener">Pterocyclos tener</taxonomicName>
Menke, 1856: 69. Type locality: Touranne, Cochinchinae [Da Nang Province, Vietnam].
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B131" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1856. Novitates Conchologicae. Series prima. Mollusca extramarina. Descriptions et figures de coquilles, estramarines nouvelles, ou peu connues. Beschreibung und Abbidung neuer order kritischer Land- und Suesswasser Mollusken. Tome 1, Lief. 5-8: 49-90. [pls 13-24] [Published in parts, dates follow Johnson (1969)]" title="Novitates Conchologicae. Series prima. Mollusca extramarina. Descriptions et figures de coquilles, estramarines nouvelles, ou peu connues. Beschreibung und Abbidung neuer order kritischer Land- und Suesswasser Mollusken. Tome 1, Lief. 5 - 8: 49 - 90. [pls 13 - 24] [Published in parts, dates follow Johnson (1969)]" year="1856">Pfeiffer 1856</bibRefCitation>
: 90, 91, pl. 25, figs 13-15.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11217" author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Supplementum primum, Volume 2. Cassellis: Theodori Fischeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B133" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1858. Monographia Pneumonopomorum viventium. Supplementum primum, Volume 2. Cassellis: Theodori Fischeri, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11217" title="Monographia Pneumonopomorum viventium." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11217" year="1858">Pfeiffer 1858</bibRefCitation>
: 32.
<bibRefCitation author="Reeve, LA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B145" refString="Reeve, LA, 1863. Conchologia Iconica: Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Volume 14, Pterocyclos, plates 1-5. Lovell Reeve and Co., London." title="Conchologia Iconica: Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Volume 14, Pterocyclos, plates 1 - 5. Lovell Reeve and Co., London." year="1863">Reeve 1863</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1832" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pterocyclos" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterocyclos" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pterocyclos</taxonomicName>
pl. 5, species 28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Rhiostoma" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhiostoma tener" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tener">Rhiostoma tener</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936008697183" author="Benson, WH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Benson, WH, 1860. On Clostophis and Rhiostoma, new Burmese genera of land shells. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3 5(26): 95-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936008697183" title="On Clostophis and Rhiostoma, new Burmese genera of land shells. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3 5 (26): 95 - 97." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936008697183" year="1860">Benson 1860</bibRefCitation>
: 97.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Rhiostoma" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhiostoma tenerum" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tenerum">Rhiostoma tenerum</taxonomicName>
[sic]-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10621" author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Supplementum Secundum, Volume 3. Cassellis: Theodori Fischeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B136" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1865. Monographia Pneumonopomorum viventium. Supplementum Secundum, Volume 3. Cassellis: Theodori Fischeri, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10621" title="Monographia Pneumonopomorum viventium." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10621" year="1865">Pfeiffer 1865</bibRefCitation>
: 40.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menke" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Opisthoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthoporus tener" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tener">Opisthoporus tener</taxonomicName>
-Kobelt and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
1897: 119.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menke" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Cyclotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclotus (Siphonocyclus) tener" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tener" subGenus="Siphonocyclus">Cyclotus (Siphonocyclus) tener</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Moellendorff, OF von" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="129 - 139" refId="B100" refString="Moellendorff, OF von, 1900. Zur Binnenmollusken-Fauna Annams III. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 32: 129 - 139" title="Zur Binnenmollusken-Fauna Annams III." volume="32" year="1900">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
1900
</bibRefCitation>
: 135, 136.
<bibRefCitation author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 663" refId="B71" refString="Kobelt, W, 1902. Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich 16: 1 - 663" title="Cyclophoridae." volume="16" year="1902">Kobelt 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 212
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Specimen NHMUK ex. Cuming collection (3 shells; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. A, B Opisthoporus herosae A holotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 33198 from Ninh Binh, Vietnam and B holotype FMNH 386285 of Rhiostoma ninhbinhensis Thach &amp; Huber, 201, from Ninh Binh, Vietnam C Opisthoporus ngocngai holotype FMNH 386291 from Ninh Hao, Vietnam D Opisthoporus ngocthachi holotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35508 from Khanh Hoa, Vietnam E Opisthoporus thorsengi holotype BOR / MOL 14587 from Dak Nong, Vietnam F Opisthoporus tener specimen NHMUK ex. Cuming collection. Photographs: M Caballer, A Lardeur and V Heros, MNHN (A, D, F), J Gerber, FMNH (B, C), T-S Liew, BORNEENSIS (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1142.90097.figure58" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/799916" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">58F</figureCitation>
) from
<collectingCountry name="Vietnam">Cochin China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The type specimens of this species could not be located. However, the NHM collection contains a lot of three shells from the Cuming collection with an original label, probably in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pfeiffer’s">Pfeiffer's</normalizedToken>
handwriting, stating the species name and collection locality, but this label was subsequently overwritten. One of these three shells matches well with the illustration in
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B131" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1856. Novitates Conchologicae. Series prima. Mollusca extramarina. Descriptions et figures de coquilles, estramarines nouvelles, ou peu connues. Beschreibung und Abbidung neuer order kritischer Land- und Suesswasser Mollusken. Tome 1, Lief. 5-8: 49-90. [pls 13-24] [Published in parts, dates follow Johnson (1969)]" title="Novitates Conchologicae. Series prima. Mollusca extramarina. Descriptions et figures de coquilles, estramarines nouvelles, ou peu connues. Beschreibung und Abbidung neuer order kritischer Land- und Suesswasser Mollusken. Tome 1, Lief. 5 - 8: 49 - 90. [pls 13 - 24] [Published in parts, dates follow Johnson (1969)]" year="1856">Pfeiffer (1856</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 25, figs 13-15). These specimens exhibit unique characteristics, including a short detached whorl and a breathing device with a short tubular shape pointed anteriorly. These characteristics suggest that it be classified as a member of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson in Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1851" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Opisthoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthoporus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Opisthoporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>

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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Plecia hoffeinsorum, male, Rovno amber. JS-Baltic- 008. Photo: Jonas Damzen." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501937" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Plecia hoffeinsorum, male, head and thorax. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501951" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 21</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plecia tenuicornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">Plecia tenuicornis</taxonomicName>
Skartveit, 2009: 20-22. Syn.n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Holotype (male) of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plecia hoffeinsorum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SDEI Dip-00827 - CCHH#1448-2, preserved together with six conspecific males. Paratype (male) SDEI Dip-00843 - CCHH#1629-2. Holotype (male) of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plecia tenuicornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia tenuicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SDEI Dip-00828 - CCHH#1501-2. Paratypes (males): SDEI Dip-00837 - CCHH#335-2. SDEI Dip-00838 - CCHH#935-2. SDEI Dip-00839 - CCHH#1025-1. SDEI Dip-00840 - CCHH#1025-2. SDEI Dip-00841 - CCHH#1567-3. SDEI Dip-00843 - CCHH#1629-2 (Preserved together with holotype). Previously studied non-type, female, CCHH#1501-3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
New material, Baltic amber: males: JS-Baltic-004, in piece of amber 27
<normalizedToken originalValue="×20×">x20x</normalizedToken>
6 mm, syninclusions: cecidomyiid midge, 2 phorid flies; JS-Baltic-005, in piece of amber 16
<normalizedToken originalValue="×12×">x12x</normalizedToken>
4 mm. JS-Baltic-007, in piece of amber 22
<normalizedToken originalValue="×13×">x13x</normalizedToken>
6 mm. Females: SDEI In 001701 (syninclusion with Sciarid midge); JS-Baltic-006, in piece of amber 13
<normalizedToken originalValue="×7×">x7x</normalizedToken>
3 mm. Rovno amber, male: JS-Baltic-008, in rather large piece of amber 36
<normalizedToken originalValue="×20×">x20x</normalizedToken>
15 mm, syninclusions: copious plant debris, possibly flower fragments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The species was described based on seven male specimens preserved together in one piece of amber. The present specimens do show the male terminalia better than the type material, hence this is redecribed here, otherwise the external morphology is adequately described in the original descriptions of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plecia tenuicornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia tenuicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="3 - 42" publicationUrl="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Hesperinidae-and-Bibionidae-from-Baltic-und-Skartveit/8a66c7b3395105af96038cffb34b8927486a7c60" refId="B17" refString="Skartveit, J, 2009. Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber. Studia Dipterologica 15: 3 - 42, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Hesperinidae-and-Bibionidae-from-Baltic-und-Skartveit/8a66c7b3395105af96038cffb34b8927486a7c60" title="Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber." url="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Hesperinidae-and-Bibionidae-from-Baltic-und-Skartveit/8a66c7b3395105af96038cffb34b8927486a7c60" volume="15" year="2009">Skartveit 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 17-22). The female of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plecia hoffeinsorum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a compression fossil from Grube Messel (
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="77 - 83" publicationUrl="http://www.studia-dipt.de/data/22077.pdf" refId="B23" refString="Skartveit, J, Wedmann, S, 2016. Fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Eocene of Grube Messel, Germany. Studia Dipterologica 22: 77 - 83, http://www.studia-dipt.de/data/22077.pdf" title="Fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Eocene of Grube Messel, Germany." url="http://www.studia-dipt.de/data/22077.pdf" volume="22" year="2016">Skartveit and Wedmann 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The two species
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plecia tenuicornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia tenuicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were originally thought to have rather different male terminalia (
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="3 - 42" publicationUrl="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Hesperinidae-and-Bibionidae-from-Baltic-und-Skartveit/8a66c7b3395105af96038cffb34b8927486a7c60" refId="B17" refString="Skartveit, J, 2009. Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber. Studia Dipterologica 15: 3 - 42, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Hesperinidae-and-Bibionidae-from-Baltic-und-Skartveit/8a66c7b3395105af96038cffb34b8927486a7c60" title="Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber." url="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Hesperinidae-and-Bibionidae-from-Baltic-und-Skartveit/8a66c7b3395105af96038cffb34b8927486a7c60" volume="15" year="2009">Skartveit 2009</bibRefCitation>
, figs 34, 35, 46, 47), however studying additional specimens suggests that the two
<normalizedToken originalValue="“forms”">&quot;forms&quot;</normalizedToken>
are actually the same structure with the gonostylus fixed in different positions. As usual with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bibionidae</taxonomicName>
the angle of view is quite critical when studying these structures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Measurements, including new material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Males: body length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.5" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.5">4.5-5.2 mm</quantity>
(N = 4), thorax length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.11" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.92" unit="mm" value="1.11" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.92">0.92-1.30 mm</quantity>
(N = 8), wing length 4.0-
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
(N = 6). Females: body length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.5" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="4.5">4.5-4.6 mm</quantity>
(N = 2), thorax length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="0.97" unit="mm" value="1.0699999999999998" valueMax="1.17" valueMin="0.97">0.97-1.17 mm</quantity>
(N = 2), wing length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
(N = 1). Wings as in Figs
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,
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, head as in Figs
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,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Plecia hoffeinsorum, female, head and thorax. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501952" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">22</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Redescription of male terminalia</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Plecia hoffeinsorum, male, terminalia. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501953" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">23</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Hypopygium width 0.43 mm (N = 1), outline almost rectangular, slightly expanded apicad. Gonostylus 0.22 mm long, attached apically on gonocoxite, long and slender, straight, apically somewhat pointed, with numerous long, curvy setae. Epandrium rather small, rounded-rectangular, posterior edge sligthly convex. Gonocoxosternite apically with a short, blunt tooth on each side just mesal to gonostylus attachment, posterior edge slightly convex.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501935" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male. JS-Baltic-004. Photo: Marius Veta.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501936" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plecia hoffeinsorum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female. JS-Baltic-006. Photo: Marius Veta.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501937" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Plecia hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Rovno amber. JS-Baltic-008. Photo: Jonas Damzen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box: 98615 - 538, I. R. Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-02-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>62</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>55</mods:start>
<mods:end>72</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.62.21858</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150835328" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B0C171B14F5E2D90EDFC6AC1C7754946" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0C171B14F5E2D90EDFC6AC1C7754946" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3MLJ8" LSID="8B0A805E-C7EA-5150-B8CA-B11EE31D4B85" authority="Fischer, 1971" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hoplocrotaphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocrotaphus mongolicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolicus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="60" start="start">Hoplocrotaphus</pageBreakToken>
mongolicus Fischer, 1971
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hoplocrotaphus mongolicus Fischer, 1971 (female, holotype) A Habitus, lateral view B Head, lateral view C Mandible D Antenna E Head, front view F Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.21858.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187440" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="61" start="start">Figures</pageBreakToken>
3
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Hoplocrotaphus mongolicus Fischer, 1971 (female, holotype) A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B Propodeum, dorsal view C First metasomal tergite D Legs, metasoma and ovipositor, lateral view E Fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.21858.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187441" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">, 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hoplocrotaphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocrotaphus mongolicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolicus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="61" start="start">Hoplocrotaphus</pageBreakToken>
mongolicus
</taxonomicName>
Fischer, 1971: 69;
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DS" journalOrPublisher=") Opredelitel' Nasekomych Evrospeiskoy Chasti SSSR, Pereponchatokrylye" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" refId="B14" refString="Yu, DS, van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Ottawa, Ontario." title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive. Ottawa, Ontario." year="2016">Yu et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1967-07-13" collectorName="Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab" country="Mongolia" elevation="1380" location="Central" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
),
<collectingCountry name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B0C171B14F5E2D90EDFC6AC1C7754946:2D23F2FFDB91CD007D42154CA7D88E30" country="Mongolia" name="Central">Central</location>
aimak,
<locationDeviation location="Somon Bajanbaraat">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
S von Somon Bajanbaraat
</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" unit="m" value="1380.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" unit="m" value="1380.0">1380 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1967-07-13">13.vii.1967</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab</collectorName>
(Nr. 918) (HNHM)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="comparative diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Comparative diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. hamooniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamooniae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. hamooniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n.; differences between both species are described under the latter species. Moreover, this species is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fischer, 1971 but differs from it in having the temple in lower half with distinct prominence (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hoplocrotaphus mongolicus Fischer, 1971 (female, holotype) A Habitus, lateral view B Head, lateral view C Mandible D Antenna E Head, front view F Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.21858.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187440" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">3B, E, F</figureCitation>
) (without prominence in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Hoplocrotaphus mysteriosus Fischer, 1971 (female, holotype) A Habitus, lateral view B Head, lateral view C Mandible D Antenna E Head, front view F Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.21858.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187442" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">5B, C, E, F</figureCitation>
), occipital carinae not strongly separated from hypostomal carina (widely separated from hypostomal carina in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), first flagellar segment 3.1 times as long as its maximum width (3.7 times in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), sixth flagellar segment 1.9 times as long as its maximum width (2.9 times in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), POL 2.8 times OD (3.8 times in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), OOL 1.9 times OD (3.5 times in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), hind femur 3.3 times as long as its maximum width (4.0 times in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), first metasomal tergite 1.3 times as long as its apical width (0.8 times in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), marginal cell 3.1 times as long as its maximum width (4.2 times in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and vein 3-SR 1.3 times as long as vein 2-SR (0.8 times in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1223391" doi="10.3897/jhr.62.21858.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187442" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hoplocrotaphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocrotaphus mysteriosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysteriosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Hoplocrotaphus mysteriosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fischer, 1971 (female, holotype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
Habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
Head, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
Mandible
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
Antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
Head, front view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">F</emphasis>
Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Re-description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
Female (holotype).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Head.</emphasis>
In dorsal view, 1.9 times as wide as median length, 1.3 times as wide as mesoscutum, smooth. Eye in lateral view 1.5 times as high as wide and 1.5 times as wide as temple medially. POL 2.8 times OD; OOL 1.9 times OD. Face 2.4 times as wide as high; inner margins of eyes subparallel. Clypeus 6.6 times as wide as high, slightly curved ventrally. Temple in lower half with distinct prominence. Occipital carina ventrally not widely separated from hypostomal carinae. Mandible weakly and evenly widened towards base. Antenna 15-segmented. Scape 1.5 times as long as pedicel. First flagellar segment 3.1 times as long as its apical width, 1.1 times as long as second segment; second to fourth segments 2.1 times; fifth to 12th 1.9 times, and 13th (apical) segment 2.1 times as long as their maximum width accordingly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
In lateral view, 1.2 times as long as high. Mesoscutum 0.9 times as long as its maximum width. Posterior mesopleural furrow smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Legs.</emphasis>
Hind femur 3.3 times as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia about 7.5 times as long as its maximum subapical width, as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 1.6 times as long as second segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Wings.</emphasis>
Length of fore wing 2.6 times its maximum width. Marginal cell 3.1 times as long as its maximum width. Vein 1-R1 0.3 times as long as pterostigma, 0.3 times as long as distance between apex of marginal cell and apex of wing. Veins r shorter than pterostigma broad. Vein 3-SR 1.3 times as long as vein 2-SR. Vein m-cu postfurcal. Hind wing 4.1 times as long as its maximum width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="62" start="start">Metasoma</pageBreakToken>
.
</emphasis>
First tergite weakly widened towards apex, 1.3 times as long as its apical width. Ovipositor not exerted, 0.5 times as long as first tergite, 0.1 times as long as hind femur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Length</emphasis>
. Body 1.6 mm; fore wing 2.0 mm; hind wing 1.3 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Colour.</emphasis>
Body, antenna, coxae and femora black. Mandible brown. Hind tibia light brown in basal part and darkened in apical. Wings hyaline. Pterostigma brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Unknown. Distribution. Mongolia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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WESTWOOD
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<paragraph id="1C8C2411B400ADDD7799B4950AC98FD1" pageNumber="218">, noire et plus mate', tete plus convexe: une grosse ouvriere typique de Yalanzou; race purement occidentale;</paragraph>
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