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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="47D51406B35047C518D7CEED2D8B2CC7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma longipes Pirie" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139101010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>112</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>141</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-112-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201259" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47D51406B35047C518D7CEED2D8B2CC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47D51406B35047C518D7CEED2D8B2CC7" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
16.
<taxonomicName LSID="47D51406-B350-47C5-18D7-CEED2D8B2CC7" authority="Pirie" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipes">Cremastosperma longipes Pirie</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 25. Cremastosperma longipes Pirie. a monocarp (with stipe) and seeds b leaf, flower and flower bud (a Fernandez 8872 b Forero et al. 6576)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245320" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 2" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Map 2. Distribution of Cremastosperma alticola Pirie &amp; Chatrou, C. antioquense Pirie, C. chococola Pirie, C. dolichopodum Pirie &amp; Maas, C. longipes Pirie, C. novogranatense R. E. Fr., C. osicola Pirie &amp; Chatrou, C. panamense Maas and C. stenophyllum Pirie" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245291" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipes">Cremastosperma longipes</taxonomicName>
Pirie, Blumea 50: 51, f. 5. 2005.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
COLOMBIA,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
: San
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
del Palmar, mouth of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Torito (tributary of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hábita">Habita</normalizedToken>
), west slope, 3 Mar 1980,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Forero, E. et al. 6576</emphasis>
(holotype: COL! [COL000334460]; isotype: MO! [MO-047638]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
4.5-15 m tall; young twigs and petioles black, verrucose, sparsely to rather densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 10-15 mm long, 2.5-7 mm diam.; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 35-60 by 10-25 cm (leaf index 2.3-3), chartacous to subcoriacous, olive/dark brown above, lighter below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long on veins below (densely so developing leaves), base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 10-15 mm long), primary vein deeply grooved in basal half, 2-6 mm wide at widest point; secondary veins 10-16, intersecondary veins rare, distance between from 10 mm at the base to 80 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein 45° at the base to 60-70° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops in the apical half to third of the leaf, smallest distance between loops and margin 3-4 mm; tertiary veins mainly percurrent.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
of single, pendulous flowers, produced from leafless branches; peduncles 5-8 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), ca. 4 by 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 90 (less mature) - 210 by 1 mm at the base, 1.5 at the apex (in flower), ca. 240 by 2 mm at the base, 3 mm at the apex (in fruit); peduncles and pedicels sparsely to rather densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; single lower bract, broadly elliptic, 1-2 by ca. 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; upper bract attached on lower half of pedicel, elliptic, 1.5-3 by ca. 1 mm, acute, densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; closed flower buds not seen; flowers green (immature)
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, medium brown
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
; sepals free, triangular to broadly trullate, appressed, 3-4.5 mm long, acute, soon falling off, rather densely to densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; outer petals elliptic, ca. 22 by 12 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic, ca. 22 by 6 mm, sparsely to rather densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; stamens ca. 1.2 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1 mm wide.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
ca. 20, black
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, ca. 20 by 12 mm, without an apicule; stipes ca. 25 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle ovoid, 8 mm diam.; monocarps and stipes glabrous, receptacle sparsely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
ellipsoid, 18-20 by 8-9 mm, orange/brown, with many shallow pits, raphe slightly raised, encircling seed longitudinally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Pacific coast of Colombia (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
, Riseralda) and Ecuador (Esmeraldas).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Humid lowland to premontane forest. At elevations of 280-1400 m. Flowering: January and March; fruiting: September.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can easily be distinguished from most other species of the genus by the exceptional length of the pedicel, after which the species is named. The flowers and fruits of most species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are borne on pedicels less than 50 mm long, with rare exceptions such as
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pedunculatum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. bullatum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="bullatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. bullatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
never exceeding 150 mm in length, significantly shorter than those of
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only species with pedicels of a comparable length is the newly described
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. dolichopodum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="dolichopodum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dolichopodum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which differs from
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the lack of indument on the flowers and receptacle. In addition, leaves of
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unusually large, equalling the maximum dimensions observed in
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. megalophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="megalophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. megalophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a more densely collected species from Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from three collections from widely spaced localities outside of protected areas. Vulnerable [VU] (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">COLOMBIA. Riseralda</emphasis>
: Geguadas-Puerto de Oro road, 800-1400 m a.s.l., 13 Sep 1991,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J.L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
et al. 8872
</emphasis>
(COL).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ECUADOR. Esmeraldas</emphasis>
: Fila de Bilsa,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.6166667">0°37'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.85">79°51'W</geoCoordinate>
, 280 m a.s.l., 30 Jan 1991,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gentry et al. 72995</emphasis>
(F, MO).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911251" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245320" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F30">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pirie.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
monocarp (with stipe) and seeds
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
leaf, flower and flower bud (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
8872
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Forero et al. 6576</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="BB8D8FF719BF7A548DC5651AB53F14A0" ID-CoL="3B8Z2" authority="(L.) L'Her." authorityName="L'Her." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Erodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageNumber="600" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciconium">
<emphasis id="46A8CF9C064FF446ECA3CAE836EF05DD" italics="true" pageNumber="600">Erodium ciconium</emphasis>
(L.)
<normalizedToken id="57B7D8EE2E3E0466EFF5DCC9E81001D5" originalValue="L'Hér" pageNumber="600">L'Her</normalizedToken>
.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D10E9A1913D461E12CBD819C8A7A6F18" pageNumber="600" type="description">
<paragraph id="CF89B5DBFBED6AFDC55D7E74245C8295" pageNumber="600">
Artbeschreibung:
<quantity id="D25F2B6645429FD6933D568B5C0A1D15" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageNumber="600" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="10.0">10-70 cm</quantity>
hoch, aufsteigend bis aufrecht.
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abstehend
<normalizedToken id="BA0B73F5D43B1EEAA1D8AA3B23914C73" originalValue="drüsig" pageNumber="600">druesig</normalizedToken>
behaart.
<emphasis id="7BED72E3988EA33034AECEB7FA0FA553" bold="true" pageNumber="600">
<normalizedToken id="F8B8992F254AC587E31E488AD6DBB2F3" originalValue="Blätter" pageNumber="600">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
gefiedert, Fiedern
<normalizedToken id="FB4D61712931074B3ED51A03A78E0538" originalValue="unregelmässig" pageNumber="600">unregelmaessig</normalizedToken>
fiederteilig
</emphasis>
, Zipfel oft
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,
<emphasis id="2ECC37622A66C33A481BEDE1DF9E7879" bold="true" pageNumber="600">
zwischen den Hauptfiedern kleine Lappen oder
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</emphasis>
.
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doldig, 3-10
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, lang gestielt, mit
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<normalizedToken id="18AE423B9219F16CAF4E9C4A63A3B864" originalValue="Hüllblättern" pageNumber="600">Huellblaettern</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis id="5ACED959FCECCF8AAB01C9F0A939CF5E" bold="true" pageNumber="600">
<normalizedToken id="8D8BE34B34BD297855596769C0A315B8" originalValue="Kronblätter" pageNumber="600">Kronblaetter</normalizedToken>
blauviolett,
<normalizedToken id="7E6BED997BD9024FF3D8A7A24DCB163F" originalValue="höchstens" pageNumber="600">hoechstens</normalizedToken>
so lang wie die
<normalizedToken id="A23C33AB0A178282662577592A8793C4" originalValue="Kelchblätter" pageNumber="600">Kelchblaetter</normalizedToken>
, diese
<quantity id="91B47A0C1A14731655F5B5617F2767B1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageNumber="600" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10-15 mm</quantity>
lang
</emphasis>
, mit
<quantity id="2D39DADAAB589C362ED8D1CD977DB753" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageNumber="600" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 mm</quantity>
langer, aufgesetzter Spitze.
<emphasis id="B8AA2B53AC9471E1CFE7849AA29DF49D" bold="true" pageNumber="600">
Frucht mit Schnabel
<quantity id="5FD6CF48AC0586AF33FD83C6631B0F27" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageNumber="600" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6-10 cm</quantity>
lang
</emphasis>
, unter dem Schnabel ohne
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<normalizedToken id="C2EE354CF81598BF2D7CFB976341093A" originalValue="Einschnürung" pageNumber="600">Einschnuerung</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="664BCE11608805D2556095623CB697F2" pageNumber="600" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="6A0732A5EE1AC134A623CC346EBF892A" pageNumber="600">
<normalizedToken id="0F056E7C322F9615CB9294689F2F44E4" originalValue="Blütezeit" pageNumber="600">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
: 4-8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7AE45A072244A9C71C3E59714ED7A0C" pageNumber="600">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz:
<normalizedToken id="8B8AEAB90C466AE58C0601BDDCCE651A" originalValue="Wegränder" pageNumber="600">Wegraender</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="DE14A9A8EAB2AA956F4BB79742D2C07B" originalValue="Schuttplätze" pageNumber="600">Schuttplaetze</normalizedToken>
, adventiv / kollin /
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6657F7FD626DE64581397FA0B11C7C7" pageNumber="600" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="34B874F98373A2334FB5946C173D37E4" pageNumber="600">Verbreitung global: Mediterran</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC84740D619B379E68EF04A7B025BB6D" pageNumber="600" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FBE69AE87ECCBD59DD6E2196669FF26B" pageNumber="600">
<normalizedToken id="BD1FC79BBC96D306B223416A03C13017" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="2444D2D9384157B3DA015B234F612E13" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="600" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0FE1FCA09397022AD366CF6DB8A18633" pageNumber="600">
<table id="785CF7C0CA169DB074E29B902420B2DE" class="table" inLine="true" pageNumber="600">
<tr id="E9B29DA8F625D656EC703D2FA3AF42FC" pageNumber="600">
<th id="B493B7BFED10B65B232123799020364F" colspan="2" pageNumber="600">
<emphasis id="DBFB47DDB6BB130B0EBE51B9574B43E6" bold="true" pageNumber="600">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="C826A2BAD269696A315E3F5E5CD3F526" colspan="2" pageNumber="600">
<emphasis id="B367D275CBCCDD9F1CC4661D07280FFC" bold="true" pageNumber="600">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2A8C31A20D7D4D59AAA47808853E9F7C" colspan="2" pageNumber="600">
<emphasis id="7F08D66F05E9246D38525A67E8B5B202" bold="true" pageNumber="600">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9BF5B8D8AD111E57FF995C670C57B0B9" pageNumber="600">
<td id="EA6838FE466E039A55CF3ED320031C7E" pageNumber="600">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="54B36D0B6FD69E2AF16B486AFC5F2C89" pageNumber="600" style="text-align:left;width:100px">trocken</td>
<td id="0392683C2B46945255A7D07C91ED4365" pageNumber="600">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="23597F0096D595D02AFA5FEAE05B6F03" pageNumber="600" style="text-align:left;width:60px">hell</td>
<td id="DA96663F73454B0C9A70C6B4E4233108" pageNumber="600">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="9ED8EE386EF2C2A7B9344AABD1E59C99" pageNumber="600" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3F7603916811ADD1B0C361FBC8006F43" pageNumber="600">
<td id="518C937A7E82981497AA4291D8512ACA" pageNumber="600">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="2393EA0CDAA56B8BDDC7EDA4ED355DF1" pageNumber="600" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="023E244083F5FEB3C65844E5961C3A97" pageNumber="600">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="6387591E7F601D4EA972250D394F4FA7" pageNumber="600" style="text-align:left">
sehr warm-kollin (nur an
<normalizedToken id="EA28C1DE39E9E9A78789CFF8C2BF0D00" originalValue="wärmsten">waermsten</normalizedToken>
Stellen, Hauptverbreitung in
<normalizedToken id="7CED7B565271433D0CE998A9724F725B" originalValue="Südeuropa">Suedeuropa</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="80173010B2927A059D9877D381C1BDC2" pageNumber="600">
<td id="FE71B46DB6B33AB4B97FAD8E210885AC" pageNumber="600">
<normalizedToken id="1EE691DC08496D5BD674F32561E2AD3B" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="968B58AEDA4C5DA9555914FD26D09FC8" pageNumber="600" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="90E2E678E6425F953166FFD876E31861" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="FFBD45DE0F570A2C921415FF406F6440" pageNumber="600">
<normalizedToken id="E1E6416928C1F6AD04A3A37A71C3E891" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="0E35463967A5FB15F47B6A382C646BA5" pageNumber="600" style="text-align:left">
subozeanisch bis subkontinental (mittlere Luftfeuchtigkeit,
<normalizedToken id="94DDE65A0CCE0D582976169AABC69DE6" originalValue="mässige">maessige</normalizedToken>
Temperaturschwankungen und
<normalizedToken id="EF8733EF5EC7A78E7378746744AFAC46" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
tiefe Wintertemperaturen)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A057D4060F21965C111E0CE68EE9781B" pageNumber="600" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="DFAB182968A8F0D21D69C16B1DEA275D" pageNumber="600">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="645AEDF50F64F17DB963BE49CBFD2638" language="deu" pageNumber="600">
<normalizedToken id="D048EC0C57789196B5E61A3FC09E5D42" originalValue="Langschnäbeliger">Langschnaebeliger</normalizedToken>
Reiherschnabel
</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="B3CF4C78338D083ED3FC97C007C725FA" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="FD41543303F9043F6CE24096333A5E42" language="fra" pageNumber="600">Bec de cigogne</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="3A2D0D7339E94FC222458A2701FE1EE3" language="ita" pageNumber="600">Becco di gru maggiore</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

283
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@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162487033" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47D541993F6C5FFBB185A611A045857D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47D541993F6C5FFBB185A611A045857D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="47D54199-3F6C-5FFB-B185-A611A045857D" authority="A. Berger" authorityName="A. Berger" authorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marlothii">Aloe marlothii A.Berger</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mountain aloe (English); bergaalwyn, boomaalwyn, snuifaalwyn (Afrikaans); ikhala, imihlaba, inhlaba, inhlabane, umhlaba (Zulu).</paragraph>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stems simple, erect, up to 4 m high; leaves with many surface prickles; racemes 30-50 cm long; flowers 30-35 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. marlothii" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stems suckering to form clumps, erect or oblique to procumbent, 1.00-1.75 m high; leaves with no to few surface prickles; racemes 15-25 cm long; flowers 18-30 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis</taxonomicName>
Glen &amp; D.S.Hardy
</emphasis>
</td>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Solitary, arborescent plant of up to 5-6 m high (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or 1.00-1.75 m high (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stem</emphasis>
simple and erect (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or often suckering to form small groups and erect or oblique to procumbent (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
), densely covered with persistent dried leaves.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
densely rosulate, suberect to spreading and eventually pendent, dull grey-green to glaucous (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or arcuate-incurved to spreading or slightly decurved, glaucous to blue-green (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
), without spots, with scattered, reddish-brown, pungent spines, usually more copious on lower surface (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or with no to few surface prickles (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
), lanceolate-attenuate, 100-150 cm long, 20-25 cm wide at base (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or 75-150 cm long, 8-25 cm wide at base (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
); margin with stout, pungent, reddish-brown teeth, 3-6 mm long, 10-20 mm apart (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or 3-4 mm long, 8-25 mm apart (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
); exudate honey-coloured.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
up to 0.8 m high, 10- to 30-branched from below middle, lower branches rebranched, branches horizontal to spreading.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Racemes</emphasis>
cylindrical, 30-50 cm long, horizontal to suboblique (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or 15-25 cm long, spreading to rarely erect (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
), dense; flowers markedly secund when open.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Floral bracts</emphasis>
8-9 mm long, 5 mm wide (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or 4-9 mm long, 2-5 mm wide (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pedicels</emphasis>
5-8 mm (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or 3-5 mm (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
) long.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">perianth</emphasis>
orange to yellowish-orange, 30-35 mm long,
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
7 mm wide across ovary (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or yellow to orange, 18-30 mm long (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
), enlarging above ovary, narrowing towards usually wide-open mouth, cylindrical-clavate to cylindrical-ventricose (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or cylindrical to ventricose (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
); outer segments free for 20-23 mm (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or for 6-15 mm (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stamens</emphasis>
exserted to 15 mm;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">style</emphasis>
exserted 15-20 mm (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
) or
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stamens</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">style</emphasis>
exserted 8-12 mm (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="flowering time">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering time.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
June-August, as late as September along the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
). July-August (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. marlothii" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii</taxonomicName>
grows in a wide variety of habitats, including bushveld on stony, usually bare soils or rocky outcrops.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis</taxonomicName>
is confined to coastal grassland in sandy soil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnostic characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Berger" authorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marlothii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe marlothii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the other tall often single-stemmed aloes in KwaZulu-Natal with branched inflorescences and persistent dried leaves (
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Berger" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe candelabrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe pluridens" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pluridens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe pluridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1896" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe rupestris" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1937" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe spectabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1880" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe thraskii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thraskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe thraskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), by having its racemes horizontal to oblique (not erect) with the flowers secund. The inflorescence is much-branched with up to 30 racemes. Flowers are yellow to orange, up to 35 mm long with the inner segment tips purplish and the exserted portion of stamens deep purple (not deep purplish-black to black segment tips and orange filaments as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1937" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe spectabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. marlothii" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished by the presence of copious spines on both leaf surfaces. The main characters separating
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis</taxonomicName>
Glen &amp; D.S.Hardy from the typical subspecies is its short stems of up to 1.75 m (not up to 4 m), that are sometimes oblique or procumbent and often suckering to form clumps (not solitary rosettes). Its leaves also have no or only a few surface prickles, while its racemes are usually oblique (not as horizontal as in subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
). Drying leaves of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis</taxonomicName>
have a peculiar, unpleasant odour (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31383-7" author="Glen, HF" journalOrPublisher="Bradleya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Glen, HF, Hardy, DS, 1987. Nomenclatural notes on three southern African representatives of the genus Aloe. South African Journal of Botany 53(6): 489-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31383-7" title="Nomenclatural notes on three southern African representatives of the genus Aloe. South African Journal of Botany 53 (6): 489 - 492." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31383-7" year="1987">Glen and Hardy 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Both subspecies are Least Concern (
<bibRefCitation author="Raimondo, D" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B37" refString="Raimondo, D, Von Staden, L, Foden, W, Victor, JE, Helme, NA, Turner, RC, Kamundi, DA, Manyama, PA, 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." title="Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." year="2009">Raimondo et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. marlothii" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii</taxonomicName>
(red on map) is widespread throughout North-West, Limpopo (as far north as the Soutpansberg), Mpumalanga, Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, as well as in south-eastern Botswana and into western Eswatini.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis</taxonomicName>
(orange on map) is only known from northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, as well as southern Mozambique and low lying areas of Eswatini (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii (red on map) and Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis (orange on map). Photos: G. F. Smith (subsp. marlothii), N. R. Crouch (subsp. orientalis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388248" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22</figureCitation>
). It is near-endemic to the Maputaland Centre of Endemism.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Berger" authorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marlothii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe marlothii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grades through intermediates into
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1937" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe spectabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reynolds at some localities (
<bibRefCitation author="Reynolds, GW" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Reynolds, GW, 1950. The Aloes of South Africa. Aloes of South Africa Book Fund, Johannesburg." title="The Aloes of South Africa. Aloes of South Africa Book Fund, Johannesburg." year="1950">Reynolds 1950</bibRefCitation>
). As a result, the two species are considered conspecific by some authors (
<bibRefCitation author="Glen, HF" editor="Germishuizen, G" journalOrPublisher="5, Part 1, Fascicle 1. National Botanical Institute, South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 167" refId="B15" refString="Glen, HF, Hardy, DS, 2000. Aloaceae (First part): Aloe. In: Germishuizen, G, Ed., Flora of Southern Africa, Vol. 5, Part 1, Fascicle 1. National Botanical Institute, South Africa: 1 - 167" title="Aloaceae (First part): Aloe." volumeTitle="Flora of Southern Africa, Vol." year="2000">Glen and Hardy 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, S" journalOrPublisher="12 part 3. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B6" refString="Carter, S, Lavranos, JJ, Newton, LE, Walker, CC, 2011. Aloes: the Definitive Guide. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew / British Cactus &amp; Succulent Society." title="Aloes: the Definitive Guide. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew / British Cactus &amp; Succulent Society." year="2011">Carter et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388248" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. marlothii" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii</taxonomicName>
(red on map) and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis</taxonomicName>
(orange on map). Photos: G.F. Smith (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. marlothii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="marlothii">marlothii</taxonomicName>
), N.R. Crouch (subsp.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. orientalis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="marlothii" subSpecies="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:date id="04F53719D0FC847BB37E1708C5E39B75">1915</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F409AD5BB4858571EC1BCB58D3385FBF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D0DE72DBBFF5DE65FFF29F2FD5FB89B1">84</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FA739644CB35528C29502724206C3EB4">244</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7039EB52F08EAF0F3A6206A1E7540F67">282</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="AE1F717CAA4CE0DBB7B78D151E9AE91A">http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=3651</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="8992144696C12A035E72507DD8C709D6" type="HNS-Pub">3651</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="47D5DBD7A3E30DB2A9C37DEE1857D573" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640906" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100132528" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640906" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47D5DBD7A3E30DB2A9C37DEE1857D573" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47D5DBD7A3E30DB2A9C37DEE1857D573" lastPageNumber="282" pageNumber="282">
<subSubSection id="7E7C077E754926EE066E34601903CD2E" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B09D0506CB1D7D13CC047BF13326F0DF" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName id="4833255C1A434BB5F526A1C55DB6000F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:134562" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus (Myrmoturba) roubaudi var. agonia Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Camponotus (Myrmoturba) roubaudi var. agonia Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="roubaudi" subGenus="Myrmoturba" variety="agonia">Camponotus (Myrmoturba) Roubaudi Santschi var. agonia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CF3A97B5D0861629713F8ED813C8090B" rank="variety">n. var.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="DCD3C65751E20EAA8D2222927A3B8F27" pageNumber="282">[[ worker ]]. Long. 4 - 7 mm. Noire a peine brunatre, antennes et pattes plus claires que chez le type. Los tibias et les genoux jaunes. Un peu plus luisant que le type. Angles posterieurs de la tete un peu moins effaces chez la grande ouvriere, chez laquelle le dos de l'epinotum forme une courbe reguliere jusqu'a l'angle de l'epinotum qui est fortement arrondi, tandis que chez le type la face basale est legerement abaissee (voyez la figure in Ann. Soc. eut. France [1910], p. 365). Congo (region des grands Lacs): Lugombe (Dr Gerard).</paragraph>
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