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<mods:title id="4A9348751928AD25A455941B630E3C80">What is Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth, 1854 “ 1853 ”) (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae)? Validating cryptic diversity and the designation of a neotype</mods:title>
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“1853”: 653
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<emphasis id="1CCE8978190E3264F184D9D7FEC472BD" box="[151,374,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="585">Lygosoma maculatum</emphasis>
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Yamasaki
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). Collected by
<collectorName id="834F30BC190F3265F524DF71FB457454" box="[1079,1271,287,314]" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">Sanath C. Bohra.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="66A006E1190F326AF1D4DF2DFED77594" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" type="description">
<paragraph id="2E05556A190F3265F1D4DF2DFE5C76F3" blockId="7.[151,1437,251,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="1CCE8978190F3265F1D4DF2DFDB87433" bold="true" box="[199,522,323,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="F101EBC8190F3265F0B2DF2AFDB77433" box="[417,517,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult female, 57.0 mm SVL, pointed head; head length (HL)
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F5ADDF2AFAA47433" box="[1214,1302,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
; head width (HW) 7.5 (HL 16.50% of SVL, HL 31.01% of axilla to groin distance, HW 79.36% of HL, HW 13.15% of SVL). Midbody scale rows 39. Number of para-vertebrals 82. Number of ventrals 80. Head distinct from neck. Rostral scale concave in dorsal view. Prefrontals widely separated, contacting first supraocular and supraciliary. Seven supralabials on each side, 4
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6
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beneath eyes [
<figureCitation id="B68149EF190F3265F38CDFBDFD4D7483" box="[671,767,467,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,208,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,200,1608]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. (a) Neotype (ZSI28718), (b) &amp; (c) features of lateral side of head with supraciliaries numbered, (d) &amp; (e) forelimb and hindlimb with unicarinate lamellae numbered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386892/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(b) &amp; (c)]. Eight infralabials on each side. Eight infralabials on either side. Eight and nine supraciliaries on left and right side respectively, first largest [
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F59CDF96FB6A777C" box="[1167,1240,503,530]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="0.254" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="1.0">19 in</quantity>
<figureCitation id="B68149EF190F3265F5CDDF99FA8E777F" box="[1246,1340,503,530]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,208,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,200,1608]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. (a) Neotype (ZSI28718), (b) &amp; (c) features of lateral side of head with supraciliaries numbered, (d) &amp; (e) forelimb and hindlimb with unicarinate lamellae numbered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386892/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(b);
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F461DF96FF1F7758" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="0.254" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">18 in</quantity>
<figureCitation id="B68149EF190F3265F1A7DC75FEA1775B" box="[180,275,539,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,208,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,200,1608]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. (a) Neotype (ZSI28718), (b) &amp; (c) features of lateral side of head with supraciliaries numbered, (d) &amp; (e) forelimb and hindlimb with unicarinate lamellae numbered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386892/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(c)]. Nuchal scales absent. Five supraocular scales on each side, first largest. Snout length
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F402DC72FAD8775B" box="[1297,1386,540,566]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
; eye to nostril distance
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F074DC2EFE737737" box="[359,449,576,602]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
; nostril to snout tip distance
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F215DC2EFCED7737" box="[774,863,576,602]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
; and eye diameter
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F520DC2EFB3F7737" box="[1075,1165,576,602]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
. Tympanum moderately large, anteroposteriorly compressed, oval, and diameter
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F20BDC0AFCC17713" box="[792,883,612,638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
. Eye to tympanum distance
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F5ABDC0DFAA17713" box="[1208,1299,611,638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
; inter-narial distance
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F1EFDCE9FEE477CF" box="[252,342,647,674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
; and inter-orbital distance
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F394DCE9FD5077CF" box="[647,738,647,674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.8 mm</quantity>
. Brachium length
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F2A7DCE9FBBD77CF" box="[948,1039,647,674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
; antebrachium length
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F41FDCE9FAD577CF" box="[1292,1383,647,674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
; and palm length
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F034DCC5FE3377AB" box="[295,385,683,710]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
. Fourth finger with 10 unicarinate lamellae [
<figureCitation id="B68149EF190F3265F26CDCC5FC5077AB" box="[895,994,683,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,208,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,200,1608]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. (a) Neotype (ZSI28718), (b) &amp; (c) features of lateral side of head with supraciliaries numbered, (d) &amp; (e) forelimb and hindlimb with unicarinate lamellae numbered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386892/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(d)]; fourth finger length
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F41FDCC2FAD577AB" box="[1292,1383,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
; and axilla groin distance
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F094DCA1FE427787" box="[391,496,719,746]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="30.5">30.5 mm</quantity>
. Finger lamellae on I, II, III, and V fingers are respectively 6, 9, 10, and 7. Thigh length 9.0 mm; shank length
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F0F5DC9AFDF37663" box="[486,577,756,782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
; and foot length
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F210DC9AFCEF7663" box="[771,861,756,782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
. Fourth toe with 15 unicarinate lamellae [
<figureCitation id="B68149EF190F3265F42ADC9DFA2E7663" box="[1337,1436,755,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,208,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,200,1608]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. (a) Neotype (ZSI28718), (b) &amp; (c) features of lateral side of head with supraciliaries numbered, (d) &amp; (e) forelimb and hindlimb with unicarinate lamellae numbered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386892/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(e)], and fourth toe length
<quantity id="E942F88F190F3265F0D9DD79FD97765F" box="[458,549,791,818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
. Toe lamellae on I, II, II, and V toes are respectively 8, 11, 11, and 8. Paired median cloacal shields present, enlarged, overlapping lateral pairs. Limbs robust and well-developed; tail extremely slender. (see
<figureCitation id="B68149EF190F3265F034DD31FE357617" box="[295,391,863,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,208,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,200,1608]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. (a) Neotype (ZSI28718), (b) &amp; (c) features of lateral side of head with supraciliaries numbered, (d) &amp; (e) forelimb and hindlimb with unicarinate lamellae numbered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386892/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). For comparison of morphometric and meristic data of the
<typeStatus id="F101EBC8190F3265F533DD0EFBCB7617" box="[1056,1145,864,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
with the other specimens, see supplementary material S5
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E05556A190F3265F1D4DDC9FDF87164" blockId="7.[151,1437,251,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="1CCE8978190F3265F1D4DDC9FEDF76AC" bold="true" box="[199,365,935,961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">Colour in life.</emphasis>
Dorsum: Bronze to brownish-pink. Lateral features are darker, with a blackish patch extending from the naris to the tail tip, with light spots on the patch. Two rows of dark spots on the dorsum. Limbs variegated with dark markings on dorsal surfaces.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E05556A190F3265F184D9D1FB4272BA" blockId="7.[151,1264,1983,2007]" box="[151,1264,1983,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="1CCE8978190F3265F184D9D1FEA172BA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1983,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Map showing the collection localities of the
<taxonomicName id="E9BA2EE9190F3265F3CFD9D1FC5C72BA" authorityName="Pope" authorityYear="1935" box="[732,1006,1983,2007]" class="Squamata" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="1CCE8978190F3265F3CFD9D1FC5C72BA" box="[732,1006,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="586">Sphenomorphus maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens for this study.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2E05556A1900326AF1D4DEF8FED77594" blockId="8.[151,1436,150,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="587">
<emphasis id="1CCE89781900326AF1D4DEF8FE6C75DD" bold="true" box="[199,478,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="587">Colour in preservative.</emphasis>
In 70% alcohol, the bronze/brownish colour turns to a darker shade of brown/black after fixation in formalin, and the colouration changes further while keeping them in ethanol. The spots or speckles become indistinct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>