Add updates up until 2024-11-25 03:38:03
This commit is contained in:
parent
76b9097564
commit
115cf8f946
46 changed files with 3673 additions and 3669 deletions
|
|
@ -1,180 +1,180 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2667-9809-2-29" ID-Pensoft-UUID="18D2727FF82056D4A6013DA6261236BA" ID-ZooBank="5DC5FF4391E7404F9F7B18274382D72B" ModsDocID="2667-9809-2-29" checkinTime="1679617027075" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mumladze, Levan, Grego, Jozef & Szekeres, Miklos" docDate="2023" docId="59B517B5838A53E4A8C97D46D143057D" docLanguage="en" docName="Caucasiana 2: 29-61" docOrigin="Caucasiana 2" docPubDate="2023-03-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013" docTitle="Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres 2023, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0A0DEA45-B225-4BFD-AD89-3A26A6D0A025" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="18D2727FF82056D4A6013DA6261236BA" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="18D2727FF82056D4A6013DA6261236BA" masterDocTitle="The land snail family Clausiliidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) in Georgia: overview, novel records and a new species" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1679617027075" updateUser="pensoft">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>The land snail family Clausiliidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) in Georgia: overview, novel records and a new species</mods:title>
|
||||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013" ID-GBIF-Dataset="785b85ca-2487-4d23-84ac-568e66fd4b5a" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2667-9809-2-29" ID-Pensoft-UUID="18D2727FF82056D4A6013DA6261236BA" ID-ZooBank="5DC5FF4391E7404F9F7B18274382D72B" ModsDocID="2667-9809-2-29" checkinTime="1679617027075" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mumladze, Levan, Grego, Jozef & Szekeres, Miklos" docDate="2023" docId="59B517B5838A53E4A8C97D46D143057D" docLanguage="en" docName="Caucasiana 2: 29-61" docOrigin="Caucasiana 2" docPubDate="2023-03-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013" docTitle="Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres 2023, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0A0DEA45-B225-4BFD-AD89-3A26A6D0A025" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="18D2727FF82056D4A6013DA6261236BA" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="18D2727FF82056D4A6013DA6261236BA" masterDocTitle="The land snail family Clausiliidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) in Georgia: overview, novel records and a new species" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1732486613239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="E4A921DF1814B3CAAB53F99CB0185558" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="97FD864E3A14443213C7274C4C03EA74">
|
||||
<mods:title id="1ADE95B121D4032F6BBDAD89A17F38C6">The land snail family Clausiliidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) in Georgia: overview, novel records and a new species</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="3D09194320DB87C898AD3CE1C7D3937E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="48CDE1423DA096440173A80E573D04AB">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="60BF18C09379C49D82D56F0C9313028D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Mumladze, Levan</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-6973</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, K. Cholokashvilli Ave 3 / 5, Tbilisi, Georgia</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="477D3D2D4C730B66513168E340520BA4">Mumladze, Levan</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="08BC336C59A1680E21B57ABAB555641F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-6973</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="D34087B340DC9AC411ECD1FDC5BC286F">Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, K. Cholokashvilli Ave 3 / 5, Tbilisi, Georgia</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="F38FA09091085777287B468ECBC4CA3C" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="476F90CAD03DF69FF64F616A3692D5EE">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="B27D3EFE0180CFDBD3A9032DB3339086">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Grego, Jozef</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Molcanska cesta 219, Horna Micina, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="1479CD2531ECED9270B9CD573C4F9686">Grego, Jozef</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="020D8571D764B614F5BB40491AD7261B">Molcanska cesta 219, Horna Micina, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="092D15292D3D7BF8BAC7F753283327CC" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="9A5689642577A4A6B3CB8B55709F5A53">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="C84A54E0F76D395E09596BBDAAD43F86">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Szekeres, Miklos</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre HAS, Temesvari krt. 62, Szeged, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">szekeres.miklos@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="F011A152CF1D4419FB416CF1D82E8948">Szekeres, Miklos</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="035551D7A26D4F121625E26BC6CDCF05">Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre HAS, Temesvari krt. 62, Szeged, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F71677ABC01BAF0F97FDA0E1D864537" type="email">szekeres.miklos@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Caucasiana</mods:title>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="53B2EBF31D9C64BD67C475870F9009D0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="79BB2207761542331E986DBDD44559B9" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="CAFD7E3B09573014014B839A8560AC9F">
|
||||
<mods:title id="6EA9D5B792FC2B84740400BC149445C7">Caucasiana</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2023-03-22</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:part id="93AF4495DE7894A1626071D29F6C41AF">
|
||||
<mods:date id="CA8987F289DCE5D6505D73B286B7899C">2023</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="3AFFEB7A2AB4809C00DCC37455105F6E" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="82227555D686CDACB11EC11AAE37655F">2023-03-22</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="7D0FAE97E2E0F3D5A4ED3B89373B1E6E" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="856341B08B16D5F3C36AABEEA5C2E5AD">2</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>29</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>61</mods:end>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="AC53AB690C14DDBD50B5FDBEEAF043B8" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="51D0667CB0E2566E64CF9FFBBC9D5AF3">29</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="0D454CCA3CBBBF759C7CE37095FADC71">61</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013</mods:url>
|
||||
<mods:location id="3DB464C019DE8CB4A51298F1A6C79895">
|
||||
<mods:url id="BF5AF471B67B3EFBB05879FA0EB947CB">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2667-9809-2-29</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5DC5FF4391E7404F9F7B18274382D72B</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">18D2727FF82056D4A6013DA6261236BA</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="35167F6D83599CC59202251F30B998F2">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="0C3747691A13186844605F2AE015EC53" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="E176032E2B241E34D649D8E9A7CD633B" type="Pensoft-Pub">2667-9809-2-29</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="3634C279F6051A415063F0F372971594" type="ZooBank">5DC5FF4391E7404F9F7B18274382D72B</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="754D60AB381B82DEF444C7F368465019" type="Pensoft-UUID">18D2727FF82056D4A6013DA6261236BA</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0A0DEA45-B225-4BFD-AD89-3A26A6D0A025" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/59B517B5838A53E4A8C97D46D143057D" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/0A0DEA45-B225-4BFD-AD89-3A26A6D0A025" authority="Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres, 2023" authorityName="Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kartvelica" status="sp. n." subGenus="Mucronaria">Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="29">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<treatment id="59B517B5838A53E4A8C97D46D143057D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209466354" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0A0DEA45-B225-4BFD-AD89-3A26A6D0A025" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/59B517B5838A53E4A8C97D46D143057D" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Clausiliidae" scope_order="Stylommatophora" scope_subFamily="Clausiliinae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B84D6CB6CD6B62E82551E1E7B90C9849" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DCEECFED8E35607EA7F1004FACC4D1BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F33BD0A4D2D02853A70F8FF288132E88" ID-CoL="B7R9N" LSID="https://zoobank.org/0A0DEA45-B225-4BFD-AD89-3A26A6D0A025" authority="Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres, 2023" authorityName="Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kartvelica" status="sp. n." subGenus="Mucronaria">Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EAD648D429C42892351BC07DBA1B04C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica sp. n., holotype (ISUTM-T 003 - H). Scale bar: 3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828423" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figures 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. The habitat (A) and a live individual (B) of Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica sp. n." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828424" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">, 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Occurrence records of Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica sp. n. (A), Mucronaria (M.) strauchi (B) and Mucronaria (Index) index (C). Symbols are as in Figure 2." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828425" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">, 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="61B6A8EE5D139BA69591A2A5BA1108CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A708E050FAEB5AD4359241C96FF8A67B" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="55B9A70DC08582EA0195FD0CB54483D0" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica sp. n., holotype (ISUTM-T 003 - H). Scale bar: 3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828423" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figures 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="88C212F72B33AD6159F62E4A8D13EA67" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. The habitat (A) and a live individual (B) of Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica sp. n." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828424" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">, 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A1B910E384504B9CFE37FE1647675EF6" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Occurrence records of Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica sp. n. (A), Mucronaria (M.) strauchi (B) and Mucronaria (Index) index (C). Symbols are as in Figure 2." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828425" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">, 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="053F1B84090ADFE7A4B5B310EB1A6D4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2121D01EFCDB9AC7730D8B769DB70A66" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="07B6D265C4F8F5F18D7DCF7D05F9887D" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
The reduced, diffuse palatal plicae and the less elongate shell shape distinguish the new species from members of the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="index (Mousson" authorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (Index)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Index">Mucronaria (Index)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E5BA5A01FEEDDDDC957BFC7939BF51AC" authority="" authorityName="index (Mousson" authorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (Index)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Index">Mucronaria (Index)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Boettger, 1877 and position it in the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mucronaria)" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (Mucronaria)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mucronaria">Mucronaria (Mucronaria)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B90121BA8DA8EC3A123C40516E75784" authority="(Mucronaria)" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (Mucronaria)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mucronaria">Mucronaria (Mucronaria)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Boettger, 1877.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) kartvelica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kartvelica" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) kartvelica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="159BBEEA16A305A146B44419FC7BFCD8" authorityName="Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) kartvelica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kartvelica" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) kartvelica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. differs from all other species of its subgenus by the slender and strongly costate shell. By contrast,
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) acuminata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) acuminata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="04705E563548FCB4B4960887B0559510" baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) acuminata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) acuminata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has ventricose shell with glossy, densely striate surface and very weak lamella superior,
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) duboisi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="duboisi" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) duboisi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="32805828AC308ACF5A3C1A653068EBC6" baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) duboisi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="duboisi" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) duboisi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has strong, to the peristome margin extended lamella inferior and long, well outlined palatal plicae, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) strauchi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strauchi" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) strauchi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4883FB24E010AD4D8127EA603A6B9D3C" baseAuthorityName="Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) strauchi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strauchi" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) strauchi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Boettger, 1878) is less elongate, more densely costate, and its ribs are more widely spaced on the neck than on the rest of the last whorl.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9A22A0483FE14A79CB1057A5329F22C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE6FB74F8F2E0D8B89BA89FB80D0EA61" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5740C0C914C5F1FEA985F2BA3F44631" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
Georgia, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region, at the Kvedi 1 Cave 2.2 km ESE of Kvedi village,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.5561" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="42.5561">N42.5561°</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="10D8B75B5279323DD31086DA38B7BA59" degrees="42.5561" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="42.5561">N42.5561°</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.5721" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="43.5721">E43.5721°</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="CF3A9CB71F0DBE280CFBA5D06018A4CD" degrees="43.5721" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="43.5721">E43.5721°</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; 1510 m.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Type locality; 14.10.2021; leg. JG-MS, holotype (ISUTM-T003-H); paratypes (FMNH 392791/1, HNHM 105342/1, MNHN-IM-2014-7037/1, NHMUK 20220496/1, NHMW-MO-113737/1, SMF 368736/1, UF 580908/1, ZMH-MOL-0141473/1, JG/4, MS/3). Georgia, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region, at the Kvedi 2 Cave, 2 km ESE of Kvedi village, 42.5561°, E43.5691°; 1560 m; 14.10.2021; leg. JG-MS, paratypes (ISUTM-T003-P1/1, SMF 368737/1, JG/15, MS/9).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3D31AA7E0FAB059242B6B8B49132A4F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ADF32ABEEE1998B31A9BFD8F0CD4A2FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="536D9BC57D8FEEE19E417E12D8125601" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Type locality; 14.10.2021; leg. JG-MS, holotype (ISUTM-T003-H); paratypes (FMNH 392791/1, HNHM 105342/1, MNHN-IM-2014-7037/1, NHMUK 20220496/1, NHMW-MO-113737/1, SMF 368736/1, UF 580908/1, ZMH-MOL-0141473/1, JG/4, MS/3). Georgia, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region, at the Kvedi 2 Cave, 2 km ESE of Kvedi village, 42.5561°, E43.5691°; 1560 m; 14.10.2021; leg. JG-MS, paratypes (ISUTM-T003-P1/1, SMF 368737/1, JG/15, MS/9).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Further material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-09-12" country="Georgia" elevation="1560" location="Cave" longitude="43.5691" municipality="Kvedi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E9B04000299510185D47FEF782DC23F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="45E9474A604B3BCAE1C4B5334CAF86A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Further material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="303081E06B51CCBFBAC2B791623DA5D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="5A5AE70E33551B5B2AE417F245AE76E3" collectingDate="2022-09-12" country="Georgia" elevation="1560" location="Cave" longitude="43.5691" municipality="Kvedi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="1CEF0E944B22DD079C35236F626F65DF" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Georgia" name="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti">Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region</collectingRegion>
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="A98537BE04D1850E3B235BD217EA049D" country="Georgia" name="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti">Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, at the
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Kvedi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="EFA064BF19FFBD81CA3EA58D4A590EBE">Kvedi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
2
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:59B517B5838A53E4A8C97D46D143057D:EA47AEE61A48EA8A44938F2F74D2538E" country="Georgia" longitude="43.5691" municipality="Kvedi" name="Cave" stateProvince="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region">Cave</location>
|
||||
<locationDeviation location="Kvedi village">
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||||
<location id="EA47AEE61A48EA8A44938F2F74D2538E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:59B517B5838A53E4A8C97D46D143057D:EA47AEE61A48EA8A44938F2F74D2538E" country="Georgia" longitude="43.5691" municipality="Kvedi" name="Cave" stateProvince="Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region">Cave</location>
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="0C07218FF9F8BA21D9BE5C9A72E59FBF" location="Kvedi village">
|
||||
<quantity id="4DEAD01EF26A411CC5B346FB6DCBFB8C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||||
ESE of Kvedi village
|
||||
</locationDeviation>
|
||||
, 42.5561°,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.5691" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="43.5691">E43.5691°</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BB65D7062D04497930BDAD8C5C00DF84" degrees="43.5691" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="43.5691">E43.5691°</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" unit="m" value="1560.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" unit="m" value="1560.0">1560 m</elevation>
|
||||
<quantity id="30D4746DEA81D5AFEC76744CD8AC4B95" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" unit="m" value="1560.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="F1C16A151BA14872F3968FD31C2D980B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" unit="m" value="1560.0">1560 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
; leg. EC-JG-LM-MO-MS
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2022-09-12">12.09.2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
<collectingDate id="9E01A07C4D6F353606140C77A05DBE5F" value="2022-09-12">12.09.2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
(ISU, JG, MS)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The brownish-corneous, slender spindle-shaped shell consists of 12.3 to 13.5 whorls. The apical part is elongate, its tip is pointed. The teleochonch whorls have strong and sharp ribs (25 to 28 on the last whorl), which become bulkier but not more widely spaced behind the aperture. The last whorl becomes narrower toward the base, which has a prominent basal crest. The relatively small aperture is oval to somewhat diamond-shaped, its wide peristome is slightly projected. The thin, weakly emerged lamella superior reaches the margin of the peristome. Inward it converges slightly toward the lamella inferior and terminates well before reaching the lamella spiralis, which starts ventrally and ends dorsally. The lamella inferior ends high and deep, its terminal part is only barely visible in apertural view of the shell. Ending even deeper, the lamella subcolumellaris cannot be viewed through the aperture. The plica principalis spans one third of the last whorl starting from the lateral side. The well discernable, dorsolaterally positioned upper plica runs close and parallel to it. Farther toward the base there are two or three lump-like reduced plicae, and a stronger and larger but also diffuse, callus-like basal plica. The broad clausilium plate widens before ending abruptly in a short, pointed tip. In some of the specimens its parietal margin is visible in oblique view through the aperture.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BB02BF4FB92617DE0D0F6F602FB0A834" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E02EFF87C638E467F3DA1F6461907FD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A8247081B442AA4C0BA370BDC1652934" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The brownish-corneous, slender spindle-shaped shell consists of 12.3 to 13.5 whorls. The apical part is elongate, its tip is pointed. The teleochonch whorls have strong and sharp ribs (25 to 28 on the last whorl), which become bulkier but not more widely spaced behind the aperture. The last whorl becomes narrower toward the base, which has a prominent basal crest. The relatively small aperture is oval to somewhat diamond-shaped, its wide peristome is slightly projected. The thin, weakly emerged lamella superior reaches the margin of the peristome. Inward it converges slightly toward the lamella inferior and terminates well before reaching the lamella spiralis, which starts ventrally and ends dorsally. The lamella inferior ends high and deep, its terminal part is only barely visible in apertural view of the shell. Ending even deeper, the lamella subcolumellaris cannot be viewed through the aperture. The plica principalis spans one third of the last whorl starting from the lateral side. The well discernable, dorsolaterally positioned upper plica runs close and parallel to it. Farther toward the base there are two or three lump-like reduced plicae, and a stronger and larger but also diffuse, callus-like basal plica. The broad clausilium plate widens before ending abruptly in a short, pointed tip. In some of the specimens its parietal margin is visible in oblique view through the aperture.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Dimensions</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">(in mm): Shell height: 12.4-13.9 (holotype 12.9), spire width: 2.8-3.1 (holotype 2.9), aperture height: 2.4-2.6 (holotype 2.5), aperture width: 1.9-2.1 (holotype 2.0).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="05DC4F2D25B7D9C47B5F957DD68B8D6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DEE12699223D0D4CB0EDF90D16D77BBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Dimensions</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6C20948EA0982D97CF2BA6B17DF97751" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">(in mm): Shell height: 12.4-13.9 (holotype 12.9), spire width: 2.8-3.1 (holotype 2.9), aperture height: 2.4-2.6 (holotype 2.5), aperture width: 1.9-2.1 (holotype 2.0).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="anatomy">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Anatomy.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3D92AEF8D17B3D377D5786B995D06991" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="anatomy">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AFE061F46E0CB7F8607E532F550EA304" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Anatomy.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="908FA24C1C313038092EAD20BCD3F71D" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="02641CB871E31AB888AB0BC6C940299E" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph id="70FA1E37401787A8325957261C09566F" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="87CCCE4C9505DDF4471DDFFEC38F7710" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
Live individuals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) kartvelica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kartvelica" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) kartvelica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AE2177FB54D98C0D69E70F08A420AAFE" authorityName="Mumladze & Grego & Szekeres" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) kartvelica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kartvelica" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) kartvelica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. were found on shaded limestone cliffs and among weeds (primarily
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Hedera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hedera helix" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helix">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Hedera helix</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="532EB01B6A8FD13F2CF54B5C0FA47953" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Hedera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hedera helix" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="74F5B757F6D0BC118047C9E56F4F0DDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Hedera helix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) growing on those cliffs (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. The habitat (A) and a live individual (B) of Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica sp. n." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828424" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">11A-B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B9701063C8C1B9EC0BF677E36AF470A4" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. The habitat (A) and a live individual (B) of Mucronaria (Mucronaria) kartvelica sp. n." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828424" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">11A-B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), accompanied by
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Likharev & Schileyko" authorityYear="2007" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Acrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrotoma (Iliamneme) baryshnikovi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baryshnikovi" subGenus="Iliamneme">Acrotoma (Iliamneme) baryshnikovi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3E3AE7067296313D316990D6E929D57B" authorityName="Likharev & Schileyko" authorityYear="2007" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Acrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrotoma (Iliamneme) baryshnikovi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baryshnikovi" subGenus="Iliamneme">Acrotoma (Iliamneme) baryshnikovi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Elia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elia (Megaleuxina) derasa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="derasa" subGenus="Megaleuxina">Elia (Megaleuxina) derasa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0394DE5D3CE6A4E43196FA32C5B4D0BC" baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Elia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elia (Megaleuxina) derasa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="derasa" subGenus="Megaleuxina">Elia (Megaleuxina) derasa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mortillet" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mentissoidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mentissoidea rupicola" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rupicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Mentissoidea rupicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="98742A2E366834FCBF9979BCC71914E2" baseAuthorityName="Mortillet" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mentissoidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mentissoidea rupicola" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rupicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ABBF05D90F365B4A6C4FCBEDD8803EE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Mentissoidea rupicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) duboisi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="duboisi" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) duboisi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C7E81B8E54C3AD324A4DADBFD74E6FDF" baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) duboisi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="duboisi" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) duboisi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The name of the new species refers to its occurrence in Sa-kartvelo (native historic name for Georgia).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3ADC5A5DD0DC9DD27CC30E308B89BAB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B96C252C643E71908E8734D2E5D6BADF" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CBDD06042F8AC009490283883F861DEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The name of the new species refers to its occurrence in Sa-kartvelo (native historic name for Georgia).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Remark.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="08E9737D57BC74959A1199260BF2D28F" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0709C964DE6DE48F70FBB72240722146" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Remark.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="123698FD33F9F80FFA9820373FCF8CEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
Whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) duboisi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="duboisi" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) duboisi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="405CA55E6E41D92D96C5928D63755955" baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (M.) duboisi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="duboisi" subGenus="M.">Mucronaria (M.) duboisi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is one of the widest distributed clausiliids in the Caucasus region, reaching as far as Turkey's Sinop Province toward west and northern Iran toward east, all the other species of the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mucronaria)" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (Mucronaria)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mucronaria">Mucronaria (Mucronaria)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D05D98128E8C3C63B770BA5007C1B85E" authority="(Mucronaria)" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Mucronaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucronaria (Mucronaria)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mucronaria">Mucronaria (Mucronaria)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are endemic to Georgia.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue