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<document ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4365815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d11bedcf-0da7-4048-96dd-d074afdfa9ce" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164011646" ID-ISBN="978-0-9506207-7-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4365815" checkinTime="1588973603461" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Jarvis, Charlie" docDate="2007" docId="003E00D2C4E6D0FC18E5B2C89F430E00" docLanguage="en" docName="ch7.gg.M.xml" docOrigin="Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum" docTitle="Tanacetum parthenium Sch. Bip." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="658" masterDocId="E3A2C49F1590381FDBC299C2A2FCFD14" masterDocTitle="Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part M)" masterLastPageNumber="689" masterPageNumber="651" pageNumber="658" updateTime="1642017197922" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part M)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jarvis, Charlie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:dateIssued>2007</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm>London</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-0-9506207-7-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4365815" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164011646" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4365815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E00D2C4E6D0FC18E5B2C89F430E00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/003E00D2C4E6D0FC18E5B2C89F430E00" lastPageNumber="658" pageNumber="658">
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<paragraph pageNumber="658">
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<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" pagination="890" title="Matricaria parthenium" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum 2" year="1753">
|
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<treatmentCitation author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="890" year="1753">
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Matricaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parthenium">
|
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<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="658">Matricaria parthenium</emphasis>
|
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Linnaeus
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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,
|
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<volumeTitle>
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="658">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
|
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2
|
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</volumeTitle>
|
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: 890. 1753
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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</bibCitation>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageNumber="658" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageNumber="658">"Habitat in Europae cultis, ruderatis." RCN: 6450.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageNumber="658" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph pageNumber="658">Type not designated.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageNumber="658" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageNumber="658">
|
||||
Original material:
|
||||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2611895328" collectionCode="BM" specimenCode="416">
|
||||
Herb. Clifford: 416,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Matricaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="658">Matricaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
3, 4 sheets (
|
||||
<collectionCode>BM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2611895535" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="1013.1">
|
||||
Herb. Linn. No. 1013.1 (
|
||||
<collectionCode>LINN</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageNumber="658" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageNumber="658">
|
||||
Current name:
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(L.) Sch. Bip." authorityName="Sch. Bip." baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tanacetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parthenium">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="658">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="658">Tanacetum parthenium</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(L.) Sch. Bip.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageNumber="658" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageNumber="658">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="658">Note:</emphasis>
|
||||
Grierson (in Davis,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="658">Fl. Turkey</emphasis>
|
||||
5: 268. 1975) noted the existence of material in the Clifford herbarium but did not indicate it as the type. Dillon (in
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="658">Fieldiana, Bot., n.s.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 7: 19. 1981) indicated unspecified (and unseen) material in BM as type. Alavi (in Jafri & El-Gadi,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="658">Fl. Libya</emphasis>
|
||||
107: 168. 1983) also indicated
|
||||
<specimenReference collectionCode="BM" specimenCode="416">
|
||||
Herb. Clifford: 416,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Matricaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="658">Matricaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
3 (
|
||||
<collectionCode>BM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</specimenReference>
|
||||
as type (as did Jeanmonod in
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="658">
|
||||
Compl. Prodr. Fl. Corse,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
I
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: 230. 1998, wrongly attributing the choice to Grierson). In fact there are four sheets in the Clifford herbarium associated with this name. They do not form part of a single gathering and so none of the above statements effects typification (Art. 9.15).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
74
data/00/3E/19/003E1935B7113CE93310F7D1BA6C8F16.xml
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74
data/00/3E/19/003E1935B7113CE93310F7D1BA6C8F16.xml
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@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
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<taxonomicName id="409387A36EF15913B1DDAF3EB0459AD1" ID-CoL="55T9T" ID-ENA="2931495" authority="Graham, 1991" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus pachycerus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachycerus">Tetrastichus pachycerus Graham, 1991</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="DCDF7175E522D4015619292BA8676981" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">England</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0549E2C82DC98EE022E261A9D08DF4BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">Added by Graham (1991)</paragraph>
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52
data/00/3E/5E/003E5E173552A105904A914806F2D289.xml
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52
data/00/3E/5E/003E5E173552A105904A914806F2D289.xml
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E5E173552A105904A914806F2D289" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/003E5E173552A105904A914806F2D289" lastPageNumber="7160" pageId="0" pageNumber="7160">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7160" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7160">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://www.waspweb.org/Siricoidea/Siricidae/Afrotremex/Afrotremex_opacus.htm" authority="Goulet, 2014" authorityName="Goulet" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Afrotremex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotremex opacus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="7160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">Afrotremex opacus Goulet, 2014</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7160" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7160">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7160">Democratic Republic of Congo</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
103
data/00/3E/7A/003E7ABBC405D4012E679755F322FD3F.xml
Normal file
103
data/00/3E/7A/003E7ABBC405D4012E679755F322FD3F.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
|
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<mods:title id="6A4A9A3BE85D0E8DA5B359942BE5D213">Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2CB69AD7ADFF5A7A47E29580932F387B">Eguchi, K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ECC28972AF5FB59F22C1B169CF5BEE08">Viet, B. T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CB0EFCC6B45824D0EFA9404279D1E4E6">Yamane, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="63F9F4A93E3596E383F04C8D17DF32FC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="20030CC347D86050DDB05669E2D93D90" type="HNS-PUB">23462</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="003E7ABBC405D4012E679755F322FD3F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6182489" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100116167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6182489" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E7ABBC405D4012E679755F322FD3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/003E7ABBC405D4012E679755F322FD3F" lastPageNumber="18" pageNumber="17">
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<paragraph id="C27A210DFA9F27FBC5E4AAE7C962FE8F" pageNumber="17">
|
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<taxonomicName id="48869624285B23EAF7B4B473733C7E9F" ID-CoL="5GLZ" ID-ENA="369157" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lophomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lophomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lophomyrmex Emery</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 1892
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0D4119F6F11E587808E09264ABDA0E73" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B62EB147F6B4F02AB184676EAD058083" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Taxonomy. The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="14D770F2DCCC069215244061645282E2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lophomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lophomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lophomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was placed in the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="204244ED0545AAB27A1B8AB993017FCA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsidini Forel" pageNumber="17" rank="tribe" tribe="Solenopsidini">Solenopsidini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by Emery (1895), and in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6F94BD9F2CE278EFF4B98800E8D3F436" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidologeton" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidologeton Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidologeton</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group by Ettershank (1966). More recently the genus was revised by Rigato (1994a), and transferred into the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EAEA208CED7FD9985B1B9B01BED2E99B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2303" lsidName-HNS="Pheidolini Emery" pageNumber="17" rank="tribe" tribe="Pheidolini">Pheidolini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The worker of the single known Vietnamese species has the following features.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A76D39556AB230FF16B08BD057137FA6" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="238FA805ADE28E31A8781FA9C65FB31B" lastPageNumber="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view oval with a relatively straight posterior margin; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus convex anteriad, with a protruding blunt tooth at the midpoint of
|
||||
<pageStartToken id="5884A9BF76D4A531F4F0A19FECDFCEC0" pageNumber="18">its</pageStartToken>
|
||||
anterior margin; frontal lobes moderately separated by posteromedian portion of clypeus; antenna 11-segmented with distinct 3-segmented club; eye oval with a weak anteroventral point, located at about midlength of head in full-face view; masticatory margin of mandible with apical tooth and one preapical tooth, followed by an enlarged denticle, this then followed by a series of small denticles; basal margin of mandible finely serrated; promesonotum forming a single dome, flattened dorsally, with a pair of horizontal flat spines those are formed by the lateral and anterolateral edges of the dorsum and directed anteriad; promesonotal suture absent; metanotal groove well defined; propodeal spine long; propodeal lobe reduced to a weak carina; petiole with a distinct peduncle and a high node; gastral shoulder distinct.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AE096399ED6CD79442556447D3FC827A" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="83EF8FA22ABCC51F21BCE4DCE43EABC7" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
The worker of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7609C5F2CD9E2ECD9DDF2B84258DD51" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lophomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lophomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lophomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is similar to the minor workers of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5A2A33808480B8CAE44E26E0F39653D3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="88CBFD870D4F538C6D65B832DBD98EBD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidologeton" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidologeton Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidologeton</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, in the minor worker of Oriental species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7983D11315E66FEDD1C99EBF61D965BE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the antenna is 12-segmented and basal margin of the mandible is never serrated. In the worker of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EDA0817829906608E0BC6CE9EF62DD6C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidologeton" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidologeton Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidologeton</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the antennal club is 2-segmented and the basal margin of mandible is never serrated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E9FCC9B1C04F2263780BFB5D327CA7F4" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Vietnamese species. The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9BB0109E5A69B9934EBF44E244927EE6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lophomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lophomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lophomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurs in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions, and in Vietnam only one species has been found from the central and southern regions:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0DFC03A0CC5F6368037E0EF81C85C315" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30505" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lophomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lophomyrmex birmanus Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanus">birmanus Emery</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[= sp. eg-1] (Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu, Nam Cat Tien, Nui Chua).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="665B4480C05DEABBC39D3C4FF0B40F84" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9BDAA7B0B221DECA1FEAE60B6DF9AC6F" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Bionomics.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE92BFDEEA4D1324E42598E7E89F0F67" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30505" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lophomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lophomyrmex birmanus Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanus">Lophomyrmex birmanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nests in the soil, usually under stones and logs or around the bases of trees. Workers are active ground-foragers. We have collected workers by underground bait-trapping, suggesting they workers forage both on and under the ground.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
318
data/00/3E/7C/003E7C60B1745F92904B1E30B59E3E2D.xml
Normal file
318
data/00/3E/7C/003E7C60B1745F92904B1E30B59E3E2D.xml
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|
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@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
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<mods:mods id="EC7CE55A03FE3A9541D4F4DA6ACBDDD6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1796E8759CED3CDC44F17C54299CDA68">
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|
||||
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||||
<mods:namePart id="C93A3FD13CD2D6EBA38D9B3A4F00F353">Nel, Andre</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F564930F36A67055598EAB5F18C751D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4241-7651</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="3A1A730447AB2F3AE966354B0E61B285">Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, 75005 Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2DC54AF97722DEF1B81212A5AE44031B">Kaulfuss, Uwe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="32F9B14B56A3F906124A44597B705B06">Georg-August-University, Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AE61C42AC7DF2CB4D816ACF95356F365" type="email">uwe.kaulfuss@uni-goettingen.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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|
||||
<mods:identifier id="69F2CD1C04E051DC8AFF338B73A5A77E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1192.115536</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="C64C28FB48CA86F800D94111CBEEA6B0" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1192-103</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="FC07061CDE6144113F3D09A53D9A6D16" type="ZooBank">2D3C1BDA58974ABFAE02F4AAE81A69B9</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="9D64055660D5C9ADAF3E0EBD71288E15" type="Pensoft-UUID">879B8A070C21546BA2FBAA266F6F34A9</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="003E7C60B1745F92904B1E30B59E3E2D" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E23FB30B-A2E1-477E-B47C-DC875723A096" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/003E7C60B1745F92904B1E30B59E3E2D" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9E53DFFC5CA831633E1BFEDC84B64CEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8528566DBF66E39AC91E84B293614D99" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A390C9D55F37DC6223C46C5668608A15" LSID="https://zoobank.org/E23FB30B-A2E1-477E-B47C-DC875723A096" authority="Nel & Kaulfuss, 2024" authorityName="Nel & Kaulfuss" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Gynoplistia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gynoplistia fouldensensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fouldensensis" status="sp. nov.">Gynoplistia fouldensensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="478238375461974AA0790A478321863D" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C96345E50526CFB02BB2B8782830D75B" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5BC294095F6AC2A6CB0CEDC579DF218E" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3DCC4DAB62CEA1DFC215B1881EF1E401" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gynoplistia fouldensensis sp. nov., holotype, OU 46615 A wing photograph B interpretative drawing of wing. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1192.115536.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/987148" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4A97309A48164878F4170C4DEE7AF031" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="478B66AC2647B79163126D576E8892B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D003CF1136B714302277450684B6FACA" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CC9A0059A66E13D59C95C03544634F80" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
: New Zealand • sex unknown; an isolated wing; near Middlemarch, Otago; Foulden Maar
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8AA60A42E5692A264274ECA318559D31" originalValue="Fossil-Lagerstätte">Fossil-Lagerstaette</normalizedToken>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D3EE7C33572EEE2218640EED7B5B2F82" degrees="45.5269" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-45.5269">45.5269°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ACE4903EE2517BF6D59B3826EFC508D0" degrees="170.2191" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="170.2191">170.2191°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; Geology Museum, Department of Geology, University of Otago (OU); OU46615.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="431BF47BC48EF265DE2CA735CBB66051" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="locality and horizon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DCFF60A651361B84CC6424B0E9917434" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Locality and horizon.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BC7B4D535726B6BD5BC9F5DC194DD441" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Foulden Maar diatomite, near Middlemarch, Otago, New Zealand; earliest Miocene, Aquitanian.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D51FA5F0AF1353404215720AB4C94E0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AE8CB3E53EA5D1F06AD11864F210F9A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="25F638E300EB82F468F62F35904E1569" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
The wing venation of the new species strongly resembles that of the fossil
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31EE73F686E2BFCB66F8C35C1E360B89" genus="G." lsidName="G." pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="395B64B2659FC19117FF50F63B238AB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(?)
|
||||
<emphasis id="5A087CD58A1F217589E217C6C62F545B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">mitchelli</emphasis>
|
||||
in the shape of the radial and median veins. Still,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="25583DA53875D3E704B0BB5D27B369F5" lsidName="G. fouldensensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="fouldensensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4DE63554475DEA9AE764CB824057BECD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G. fouldensensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. but can be differentiated by the shape of discal cell and crossvein between M3 and M4 being more distal than basal part of M3.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2DDD6847C7158FD32E79E8043A4F8788" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="112945AD529422EF021857633CF2F05C" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="57E83DEB93513C294563882750BF07B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Wing 8.8 mm long, 3.2 mm wide, with brown tinge, a series of white spots in anterior part and five series of transverse darker spots, veins black; Sc long, ending into C, extending far distal beyond fork of Rs, Sc-r just before tip of Sc; part of R5 basal to r-m elongate and oblique, R5 straight, reaching wing apex, 1.5 as long as Rs, R2+3+4 0.9 mm long; R2 beyond fork of R3 and R4; R3 3.0 mm long, slightly undulate; R4 3.4 mm long, straight; no supernumerary crossveins in cells r3, r4, and r5; r-m and m-cu not aligned, r-m situated a short distance past base of discal medial cell, m-cu situated midway between base and apex of discal medial cell; fork of vein M3+4 in apical section of discal medial cell; discal medial cell 1.4 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, closed; cell m1 present, c. 1.2 mm long; vein CuA straight; anal vein straight.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="40E450BB779BB518E7455DDC4FC5D8FA" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1192.115536.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/987148" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0D949EF61D59C08844D6F27A553C58F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E017B6CC37FD744C2C5EEBB2FFDDB58B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="20A9C690AA19D7619DAFBDC173004496" authorityName="Nel & Kaulfuss" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Gynoplistia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gynoplistia fouldensensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fouldensensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D5FD3EC8DB8E31BA054F29AF08F3F47A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gynoplistia fouldensensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., holotype, OU46615
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F2ACB2C9EC1BD6E6A3010DB86FECA31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
|
||||
wing photograph
|
||||
<emphasis id="E7707C4D2FCDFD8ECC288E34DF604CD4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||||
interpretative drawing of wing. Scale bar: 2 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1DE411D41061ED238C31B36A510446A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="43E8833DAA65580127C9FC74A12B2413" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="47762F6C6C3D31DECDEE61FFBA796D49" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Named after the type locality Foulden Maar (Otago, New Zealand).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2727C48FAAAA7520F2676371742C0F45" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E7A9D96390989F5E132343B309D8F3EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6610D36752ABFB13504B02DFD3983819" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
This wing corresponds to that of a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DEBFDCC012777F7837D3FA4128CA3C0C" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because of the following characters (after
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="51FAD65B6C0D52C52995BDCF1704FD95" author="de Jong, H" editor="Kirk-Spriggs, AH" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="427 - 477" refId="B8" refString="de Jong, H, 2017. 14. Limoniidae and Tipulidae (crane flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs, AH, Sinclair, BJ, Eds., Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria: 427 - 477" title="14. Limoniidae and Tipulidae (crane flies)." volumeTitle="Manual of Afrotropical Diptera." year="2017">de Jong 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
): well-developed CuP and anal vein; anal vein nearly straight; apex of vein Sc well developed; apices of R1 and R3 well separated; fork of vein M3+4 in apical section of discal medial cell; crossvein m-cu far removed from fork of M3+4; vein CuA straight. It is quite delicate to attribute an isolated fossil wing of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C45C6E943CB96A19D0B5B598F084C30" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to a genus because many genera are separated on the basis of body characters.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="59279C650567021CBB738A02E9A8B619" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
The combination of characters "cell m1 present, part of R5 basal to r-m elongate and oblique, and forked R2+3+4" is encountered in some species of the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EC3F19990B5BF21872240D101F6A7814" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Gynoplistia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gynoplistia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3EAA8AB29770698E28BEA8ECFB2414ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gynoplistia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D1D08BCBF19B26BB7C74F132A77DCD7" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Pseudolimnophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudolimnophila" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8652EFD9D0F5E016B02BB68FEA3C588F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Pseudolimnophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Alexander, 1919,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CD93AF231D09DE4B3E23F52CC3481657" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0C7BB2C8CF6F96909DE072694096C416" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Hexatoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Latreille, 1809 (
|
||||
<emphasis id="C39412979423C51CC6DBBB7FDFDF7FBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="26BB8E7CF5293C578E0D25ED0BAABECB" authorityName="Sintenis" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Pilaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilaria" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9615CF07BFBB30C45BC8DF34266A3E9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Pilaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sintenis, 1889. The Australasian species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D891C65229FBEA9E01BFF35A29572F41" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epiphragma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8E9E35A732854AB620336F5B75580FF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Epiphragma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Osten Sacken, 1860 also have a cell m1 and a forked R2+3+4, but their part of R5 basad r-m is very short, unlike in the new fossil.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BAECA639F8BF192F4AE862510DE60572" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="44A6D51A45D226C794EC99DB7C8D1E94" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B304401C2B69308A7FC929597D33EDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Hexatoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="9C6327A2116062E08DF12FBF32C969E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||||
) forms a morphology-based phylogenetic clade with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="137DCFF882D2E977E05C182DE0B6D816" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Pseudolimnophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudolimnophila" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="486BB64EB75698CFABC0CC9E289702F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Pseudolimnophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CFEBDF38512EE302262896878915DE6" authorityName="Sintenis" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Pilaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilaria" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="68BED7D2B037954FB9D3C8E8CC587928" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Pilaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EF2AD3A9266847AE135EA4659419B506" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Ulomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulomorpha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="756EB228AFD61022A362C07D8F2669CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Ulomorpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="230698823ECDA6B5A309B16B27362F98" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS08017" author="Ribeiro, G" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="627 - 694" refId="B33" refString="Ribeiro, G, 2008. Phylogeny of the Limnophilinae (Limoniidae) and early evolution of the Tipulomorpha (Diptera). Invertebrate Systematics 22 (6): 627 - 694, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IS08017" title="Phylogeny of the Limnophilinae (Limoniidae) and early evolution of the Tipulomorpha (Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS08017" volume="22" year="2008">Ribeiro 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="76C8A06F2F676779D23B9070F3487701" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D3F7843B31B887906078C6FA760B5D5D" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Pseudolimnophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudolimnophila" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA83CF2C430D00DB8F56E8CD5262516C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Pseudolimnophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42C96F0F6EF25501C90094E3B43B519C" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Ulomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulomorpha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="62855C8AC1154E021C881E8F96073E84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Ulomorpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are unknown in the Australasian/Oceanian region.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8B7C163570C74BDF246BBBF9A985CFFC" authorityName="Sintenis" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Pilaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilaria" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EA69C4B4C1F16A262B91E455D92D64D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Pilaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is represented by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="766E2FE15C03D87348F56A72B06F8ED3" lsidName="P. brooksi" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="brooksi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="125D37A417F11A0C547C9F769B1DF4FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. brooksi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Alexander, 1953 in this region. This species has no cell m1 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="238743C5B8E15CE6916185779ED493FD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935308654506" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Canterbury Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B5" refString="Alexander, CP, 1953. New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). XCVI. Oriental-Australasian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) 6: 898-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935308654506" title="New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). XCVI. Oriental-Australasian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) 6: 898 - 914." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935308654506" year="1953">Alexander 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F8960694E7B46306A677301CAB020C0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4878768EAAC33DE1507C1CBC1F346167" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="24F69ABB6312B68B775911439A92CCEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Hexatoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is currently divided into six subgenera (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7FA89BB527564FD8025182A5AE9AE8D2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1105.82495" author="Podenas, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="165 - 208" refId="B32" refString="Podenas, S, Park, S-J, Byun, H-W, Podeniene, V, 2022. Hexatoma crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) of Korea. ZooKeys 1105: 165 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1105.82495" title="Hexatoma crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) of Korea." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1105.82495" volume="1105" year="2022">Podenas et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The new fossil would fall in the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2145AF80E9385322ED7F1434909B4F2C" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma (Eriocera)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eriocera">Hexatoma Eriocera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Macquart, 1838 because of the following characters: radial sector with three branches, medial cell distal, supernumerary crossveins missing in cells r3, r4, and r5, vein Sc reaching wing margin beyond Rs branching point, R2 beyond fork of R3 and R4 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F6718EA6BB3A9B449D35B32425710625" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1105.82495" author="Podenas, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="165 - 208" refId="B32" refString="Podenas, S, Park, S-J, Byun, H-W, Podeniene, V, 2022. Hexatoma crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) of Korea. ZooKeys 1105: 165 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1105.82495" title="Hexatoma crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) of Korea." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1105.82495" volume="1105" year="2022">Podenas et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B5C9DF3CA0849C4D0D16CB67F09E25E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
Following
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="655B407396963E1456BB034B2A0A0BF7" author="Oosterbroek, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" publicationUrl="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" refId="B30" refString="Oosterbroek, P, 2024. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW). https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" title="Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW)." url="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" year="2024">Oosterbroek (2024)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5AB29C511EF2191AAE55AE234DAEF288" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B881B149CB9E8AFCCBCA0337B393DB3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Hexatoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is represented in the Australasian region only by five species of the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4B2C188DC2A817CC3A39D4C7A7ED105" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma (Eriocera)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eriocera">Hexatoma Eriocera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which are
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3305C55A22D1D4CDEDB4AD1B0E754232" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma (Eriocera) aperta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta" subGenus="Eriocera">Hexatoma (Eriocera) aperta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Alexander, 1920),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84577A2ACF2C2225816877CA4022AFF2" lsidName="H. (E.) atra" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="atra" subGenus="E.">H. (E.) atra</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Doleschall, 1859),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8A77385F4364B5CC81882DEE53BC477F" lsidName="H. (E.) australiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="australiensis" subGenus="E.">H. (E.) australiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Alexander, 1920),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="27E0610A86241C2897F80AA8BF6DA04F" lsidName="H. (E.) metallica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="metallica" subGenus="E.">H. (E.) metallica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Schiner, 1868), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="58E6467BFB9CEE676B65E78D2134692A" lsidName="H. (E.) setifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="setifera" subGenus="E.">H. (E.) setifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Alexander, 1931). The new fossil differs from all these species in the presence of cell m1. Also,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CDE6293FF01FADAA99D4D95AE877C1F" lsidName="H. (Eriocera) metallica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="metallica" subGenus="Eriocera">H. (Eriocera) metallica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from the new fossil in the uniformly infuscate wing and aligned r-m and m-cu (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E0577A066510A251A2DD42FE1CF67780" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1775" author="Billingham, ZD" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="19 - 40" refId="B7" refString="Billingham, ZD, Theischinger, G, 2022. New and poorly known species of crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from New South Wales, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 74 (1): 19 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1775" title="New and poorly known species of crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from New South Wales, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1775" volume="74" year="2022">Billingham and Theischinger 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FDDDAE9BE1EDCC739938F6500D93365" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma (E.) australiensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis" subGenus="E.">Hexatoma (E.) australiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also has wings with a "pale brown suffusion", and R2+3+4 "equal to or a little shorter than R3 alone" versus much shorter in the new fossil (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A7780B8341838D730D233F76B6659D42" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/p.272125" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="92 - 109" refId="B2" refString="Alexander, CP, 1920. New or little-known Australian crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 32: 92 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/p.272125" title="New or little-known Australian crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/p.272125" volume="32" year="1920">Alexander 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 104).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E57CA7598DBF244E751C51197E42904" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma (E.) aperta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta" subGenus="E.">Hexatoma (E.) aperta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has "brownish gray" wings and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="199C04F119865C9A8A7F31F85B823CF9" lsidName="H. (E.) setifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="setifera" subGenus="E.">H. (E.) setifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
a blackish tinge, and both have an opened discal medial cell (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DC952CD53194EA18FF83C044A6694E6F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/p.272125" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="92 - 109" refId="B2" refString="Alexander, CP, 1920. New or little-known Australian crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 32: 92 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/p.272125" title="New or little-known Australian crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/p.272125" volume="32" year="1920">Alexander 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 105,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="52185BCCB7C2E1E9DA7DFA0510CEA93B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933108673374" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B3" refString="Alexander, CP, 1931. New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). XLIX. Australasian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) 8: 145-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933108673374" title="New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). XLIX. Australasian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) 8: 145 - 166." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933108673374" year="1931">1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 166).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E1FFBF0C1496B564DE305FBAEC05C77E" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Hexapoda" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexatoma (E.) atra" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra" subGenus="E.">Hexatoma (E.) atra</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has R3 only slightly longer than R2+3+4, and m-cu is situated close to base of the discal medial cell (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="75A7CD73DA0DB3DD3DE6F4DC1142B34D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932108632559" author="Edwards, FW" journalOrPublisher="Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B10" refString="Edwards, FW, 1921. The Old-World species of Eriocera in the British Museum Collection (Diptera, Tipulidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) 8: 67-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932108632559" title="The Old-World species of Eriocera in the British Museum Collection (Diptera, Tipulidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) 8: 67 - 99." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932108632559" year="1921">Edwards 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Thus, the new fossil is not similar to any of these species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9344AD11C91DD57AAF3752D26FD7DE2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
Unlike the genera previously mentioned,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB5C05FACD1EB880378DDE343347CC94" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Gynoplistia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gynoplistia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E8DE451D8FE13B11D00CB8706D22C775" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gynoplistia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very diverse in New Zealand, with 108 species listed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="99D969C8140E086D7B3E055F0CAEDAE7" author="Oosterbroek, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" publicationUrl="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" refId="B30" refString="Oosterbroek, P, 2024. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW). https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" title="Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW)." url="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" year="2024">Oosterbroek (2024)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Some representatives of this genus have patterns of wing coloration with colored bands and spots, very close to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="02CB1B5294EBC7E7B8059086DA682A4F" lsidName="G. fouldensensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="fouldensensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B06AF8AE61A618E90754FAE17BC7DCCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G. fouldensensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7E85FC98C4DE8F560C9BA1B2C698632C" author="Theischinger, G" journalOrPublisher="Stapfia" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 106" refId="B37" refString="Theischinger, G, 1993. The Limoniinae (Diptera, Tipulidae) of Australia. 3. The genus Gynoplistia Macquart. Stapfia 29: 1 - 106" title="The Limoniinae (Diptera, Tipulidae) of Australia. 3. The genus Gynoplistia Macquart." volume="29" year="1993">Theischinger (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
proposed a revision of the Australian species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5C90CC06C66F42234A176FA3E45FFDE" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Gynoplistia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gynoplistia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4FCCDA637BD664D87D364601DDBCF21E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gynoplistia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Affinities with the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9008948BBD549DF4D93498ED025EDF1B" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Gynoplistia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gynoplistia (Cerozodia)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cerozodia">Gynoplistia Cerozodia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Westwood, 1835 are excluded because of the vein Sc ending into C in the new fossil. The wing venation would rather fit with that of a species of the subgenera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B9C482AC9D0D3915444EB875F0DB880A" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" genus="Xenolimnophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenolimnophila" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="50A30C6468E49A16EADEC5123641DAAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Xenolimnophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Alexander, 1922 or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B261E9B21D228E981EBFBD20A90EF5AB" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Gynoplistia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gynoplistia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4546F778C4C20C9FB5915BE681D701E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gynoplistia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for the narrow elongate cell r3, the oblique basal part of R5, the presence of cell m1, the vein m-cu not aligned with r-m, and the wing coloration with spots and bands (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="43CB9BDCB9A8480711E623F60F8199DE" author="Theischinger, G" journalOrPublisher="Stapfia" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 106" refId="B37" refString="Theischinger, G, 1993. The Limoniinae (Diptera, Tipulidae) of Australia. 3. The genus Gynoplistia Macquart. Stapfia 29: 1 - 106" title="The Limoniinae (Diptera, Tipulidae) of Australia. 3. The genus Gynoplistia Macquart." volume="29" year="1993">Theischinger 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 9b, 11b). The New Zealand species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30EC80D4BD685EDF288DD11813B61818" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Gynoplistia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gynoplistia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7CE8497A8740B6F01FA646518CC35E54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gynoplistia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also have wing coloration with spots and bands, but many have a basal part of R5 clearly less oblique than in the new fossil (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="718FD9D8359B4BA5A3A041F294E537D3" author="Edwards, FW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions (Proceedings) of the New Zealand Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="265 - 352" refId="B11" refString="Edwards, FW, 1923. A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae). Transactions (Proceedings) of the New Zealand Institute 54: 265 - 352" title="A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae)." volume="54" year="1923">Edwards 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: pl. 30;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E5D27AE59A557D398357C14AF6B787DA" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Canterbury Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="219 - 230" refId="B4" refString="Alexander, CP, 1939. New or little-known Tipulidae from New Zealand (Order Diptera). Part III. Records of the Canterbury Museum 4: 219 - 230" title="New or little-known Tipulidae from New Zealand (Order Diptera). Part III." volume="4" year="1939">Alexander 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: pl. 28, fig. 1).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BF55ACC6C79030D34AA8B22C255E6063" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||||
It is noteworthy that the wing venation of the fossil
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2BDD97CA940F52D198821DA9061E63CC" genus="G." lsidName="G." pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8928430AE5AA6928ED86931D8DDB6506" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(?)
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2642437FBE0C449A7C400FE71CCEF32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">mitchelli</emphasis>
|
||||
strongly resembles that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1DF4CD9ED67803C257F35D54D80D2DD4" lsidName="G. fouldensensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="fouldensensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DC1E8E21F38B2167A84C39221B3DB75E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G. fouldensensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., especially in the shape of the radial and median veins, but with an important difference in the shape of the discal cell, that is, the crossvein between M3 and M4 is more distal than basal part of M3 in the new fossil versus the contrary in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1BD120A2C2357563666B74379AE6C468" genus="G." lsidName="G." pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7DE366A096812A22BC08F012439B5E51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(?)
|
||||
<emphasis id="5DD17B0911A90155F9EABF856F9B2C81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">mitchelli</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="789063FFE61C31C658460C979F707CCF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(08)80069-7" author="Jarzembowski, EA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Geologists' Association" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="93 - 108" refId="B14" refString="Jarzembowski, EA, 1991. New insects from the Weald clay of the Weald. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 102: 93 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(08)80069-7" title="New insects from the Weald clay of the Weald." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(08)80069-7" volume="102" year="1991">Jarzembowski 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 14). Indeed, the discal cell of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC5BB2E79BF0EFCB7864EAE6004D7F" genus="G." lsidName="G." pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="90291F906CD5336F80865550C8986031" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(?)
|
||||
<emphasis id="040DDFB16C33C96DE02905196B200006" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">mitchelli</emphasis>
|
||||
resembles that of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB514B981158578BA714C2FC6C2D94BE" authority=")" lsidName="H. (Eriocera)" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eriocera">H. (Eriocera)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
715
data/00/3E/87/003E87BA056FFF8CFF5CC6C1FBAAF8E3.xml
Normal file
715
data/00/3E/87/003E87BA056FFF8CFF5CC6C1FBAAF8E3.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
|
|||
<document id="2DAF0FBBCA308AAD7A90D4BCDDAB2F3A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276638" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37f8a217-ca77-406e-8582-00156fd1adad" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276638" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460225337161" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Costa, Cleide, Vanin, Sergio A. & De, Thiago R." docDate="2011" docId="003E87BA056FFF8CFF5CC6C1FBAAF8E3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02745p042.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2745" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Loxandrus oophagus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FC07FFC2056EFF87FFCBC44EFFA7FFCB" masterDocTitle="A new Brazilian species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852, with description of immatures and notes on natural history (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="30" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698238213813" updateUser="plazi">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="26D271C328FEFF48D0600B3924DD018F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="0F505DB8310DC328E8980DD209CB044D">
|
||||
<mods:title id="AD3FDC7044E684BABF163154821D6210">A new Brazilian species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852, with description of immatures and notes on natural history (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="33FE4369FEE1BA8C5D0123A8CCF45C33" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="97D15E5A023DCC3B6E6846D520DD128A">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="4AB8A3DA5CA6DCE5A8E66A2365648A09">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="0AC19890CFA9F1A11FF7792BDED7A03A">Costa, Cleide</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="D9B264B74E67391F02974FB9353FA0BC" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="971888105F47FBD672C20DC196E0D863">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="FF2248929C848653C4EBBACDB5C3AF9D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="01E0F06641C8319F7A95C4A007158C36">Vanin, Sergio A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="7FB6300B903587D4B891E8F2FA6CF8B7" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="792C01A0D591653ECE8D6690D63455D4">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="A9653AC20E7AE0B2A302E63185CDA8C8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="53EB92786EC5B7FF7BA967CAED31EF7E">De, Thiago R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C79141099685F790A7FDA554451AC1E4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="B99C87CFDD4796AB0879C81D99FFEDE2" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="257E5F57E892CBE94A9B0239C76D29B0">
|
||||
<mods:title id="CEC74260B5AFEFD3F6D799A43086EE94">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="DC1D8C875A3DDDB21AFA372305B40C4C">
|
||||
<mods:date id="435A2BC00233E50E70BDD6FC1ED38BA0">2011</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="E82B73D61D3B88665D758E11506004DF" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="5FCABB9E408778130D2871FBA97BA54C">2745</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="45A40BA0FD9C72713876571D37BCBCBE" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="EE168E47D1AAF4B3DA14C3EEC530D2F2">30</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="0D89A1F05C6DF20135D86CD683FFF248">42</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="9B95656E40AF18C31887C85FC28D0C09">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="D2FA57C36BE0883E24E3CFA992131852" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276638</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="B0982C3905733AE057B6CB53C112DA4B" type="GBIF-Dataset">37f8a217-ca77-406e-8582-00156fd1adad</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="BCA94418F1D8D3DFA9D12145AA09FF49" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="3AEB5794A84FF116DC38741A1E59A601" type="Zenodo-Dep">276638</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="003E87BA056FFF8CFF5CC6C1FBAAF8E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184271" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119386151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87BA056FFF8CFF5CC6C1FBAAF8E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/003E87BA056FFF8CFF5CC6C1FBAAF8E3" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D6527056FFF86FF5CC6C1FEBFFD01" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056FFF86FF5CC6C1FD74FD62" blockId="1.[151,723,655,714]" box="[151,723,655,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<heading id="D36081C0056FFF86FF5CC6C1FD74FD62" bold="true" box="[151,723,655,681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056FFF86FF5CC6C1FD74FD62" bold="true" box="[151,723,655,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056FFF86FF5CC6C1FE30FD62" ID-CoL="8LHR7" box="[151,407,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056FFF86FF5CC6C1FE30FD62" bold="true" box="[151,407,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, sp nov.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056FFF86FF5CC6FCFEBFFD01" blockId="1.[151,723,655,714]" box="[151,280,690,714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FF54C6FCFEB7FD01" box="[159,272,690,714]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStart-2="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStart-3="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStart-4="FIGURES 16 – 18" captionStart-5="FIGURES 19 – 22" captionStart-6="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStart-7="FIGURES 37 – 47" captionStart-8="FIGURES 48 – 49" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1650,1673]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,264,1485,1508]" captionStartId-5="7.[151,264,1807,1830]" captionStartId-6="8.[151,264,1729,1752]" captionStartId-7="10.[151,264,1670,1693]" captionStartId-8="11.[151,264,1063,1086]" captionTargetBox-0="[472,1094,359,1628]" captionTargetBox-1="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetBox-2="[199,1387,182,1323]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetBox-4="[473,1110,180,1474]" captionTargetBox-5="[167,1421,628,1766]" captionTargetBox-6="[200,1389,295,1688]" captionTargetBox-7="[170,1413,193,1655]" captionTargetBox-8="[321,1266,505,1042]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[472,1094,353,1628]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[195,1400,175,1354]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[473,1111,179,1476]" captionTargetId-5="figure@7.[151,1437,625,1786]" captionTargetId-6="figure@8.[194,1399,283,1708]" captionTargetId-7="figure@10.[170,1414,193,1656]" captionTargetId-8="figure@11.[321,1266,505,1042]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionTargetPageId-6="8" captionTargetPageId-7="10" captionTargetPageId-8="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult habitus (photo, R. Kawada)." captionText-1="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." captionText-2="FIGURES 5 – 9. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult female: fig. 5 mandible; fig. 6 labrum; fig. 7 labium; fig. 8 maxilla; fig. 9 maxillary palp and apices of galea and lacinia." captionText-3="FIGURES 10 – 15. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: fig. 10 meso – metathorax and abdomen (dorsal view); fig. 11 meso – metathorax, (lateral view, note discrimen); fig. 12 meso – metathorax (dorsal view, note punctures); figs 13 – 15 elytron." captionText-4="FIGURES 16 – 18. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: figs 16 – 18, pro – meso and metalegs." captionText-5="FIGURES 19 – 22. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, fig. 19 adult female genitalia; figs 20 – 21 gonocoxites; fig. 22 male metathoracic wings." captionText-6="FIGURES 23 – 29. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, figs 23 – 29 adult male genitalia." captionText-7="FIGURES 37 – 47. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, last instar larva, electron microscopy photos: fig. 37 head (ventral view); fig. 38 head (dorsal view); fig. 39 body micro setiferous projections; fig 40 thoracic spiracle; fig. 41 abdominal spiracle; fig 42 body micro setiferous projections; figs 43 – 45 pro – meso – and metalegs; figs 46 – 47 prolegs of the IX abdominal segment." captionText-8="FIGURES 48 – 49. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, figs 48 – 49 last instar larvae infesting foam nest of Leptodactylus fuscus (general aspect and detail). (Photos T. R. de Carvalho)" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/276639/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/276641/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/276642/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/276643/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/276644/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/276645/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/276646/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/276647/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Figs 1–48</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D6527056FFF86FF5CC6B5FE62FC0D" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056FFF86FF5CC6B5FE62FC0D" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056FFF86FF5CC6B5FEE0FCD8" bold="true" box="[151,327,762,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C880E056FFF86FF5CC6B5FF75FCD8" box="[151,210,763,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
material.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C880E056FFF86FE84C6B4FE10FCD9" box="[335,439,762,786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
male:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F080763C056FFF86FDC3C6B4FDF7FCD9" box="[520,592,762,786]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Minas Gerais. Uberlândia,
|
||||
<quantity id="4F6F9B49056FFF86FC5BC6B4FC77FCD9" box="[912,976,762,786]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="750.0">750m</quantity>
|
||||
altitude, 18º55S, 48º17W, T. R. de Carvalho, K. G. Facure and A. A. Giaretta colls,
|
||||
<date id="FC29106C056FFF86FD5DC750FC88FCFD" box="[662,815,798,822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" value="2004-10">October 2004</date>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<date id="FC29106C056FFF86FC9FC751FC48FCFD" box="[852,1007,798,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" value="2010-01">January 2010</date>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C880E056FFF86FC31C751FBC0FCFC" box="[1018,1127,799,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
(same data as for the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C880E056FFF86FAABC750FF6BFC91" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
): 11 3 (2 dissected, 3 dismembered), 17 Ƥ (02 dissected, 2 dismembered). Other material examined:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9E91FD25056FFF86FAB9C70CFF7CFCB5" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="larva">108 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
(5 dissected) and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9E91FD25056FFF86FE6DC728FDA6FCB5" box="[422,513,870,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C880E056FFF86FDC0C728FDD1FCB5" box="[523,630,870,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, 26
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C880E056FFF86FD68C729FCB6FCB4" box="[675,785,871,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9E91FD25056FFF86FCD7C728FC35FCB5" box="[796,914,870,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="larva">103 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9E91FD25056FFF86FC0CC728FBB8FCB5" box="[967,1055,870,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
deposited in the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="EE86AE69056FFF86FDC6C7C4FDD6FC69" box="[525,625,906,930]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||||
); 2
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C880E056FFF86FD57C7C5FCA0FC68" box="[668,775,907,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9E91FD25056FFF86FC8AC7C4FC3CFC69" box="[833,923,906,930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F080763C056FFF86FEDCC7E0FEE8FC0D" box="[279,335,942,966]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="EE86AE69056FFF86FE95C7E0FE1EFC0D" box="[350,441,942,966]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D6527056FFF84FF0CC79CFEDDFF3C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056FFF86FF0CC79CFB8AFBC5" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056FFF86FF0CC79CFEFEFC20" bold="true" box="[199,345,978,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Description.</emphasis>
|
||||
Length 8.3–9.8 mm. Upper surface black, faintly shiny, not iridescent; antennae, mouthparts, lateral margin of the pronotum and legs paler, rufopiceous to rufotestaceous (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FC11C7B8FBBBFBC5" box="[986,1052,1014,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[472,1094,359,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[472,1094,353,1628]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult habitus (photo, R. Kawada)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276639/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056FFF86FF0EC054FD07F915" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
Head (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FEC5C054FED3FBF9" box="[270,372,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Short, about 0.85 as long as wide; with two supraocular long setae on each side. Eyes strongly protuberant, ocular ratio (width over eyes/width between eyes) 1.6–1.8; frontal sulci (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FBBBC070FB70FB9D" box="[1136,1239,1086,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) well impressed, sharply delimited laterally and posteriorly, forming a lateral, elongate protuberance. Antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FB09C02CFB59FBB1" box="[1218,1278,1122,1146]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig.4</figureCitation>
|
||||
) long extending beyond pronotum base; antennomere 1 with large seta on dorsum, 2 glabrous, 3–11 with an anterior ring of long setae, 4–11 with dense short pubescence, 4 pubescent only in the distal quarter. Front clypeal suture present (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FAA4C0E4FF0FFB2D" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Clypeo–labral suture evident (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FDD8C080FDFDFB2D" box="[531,602,1230,1254]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Clypeus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FD10C080FCB8FB2D" box="[731,799,1230,1254]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral deep depression, each one with a long stiff seta; lateral margins slightly curved, posterior angles forming a recess to receive frontal protuberance. Labrum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FF54C158FF41FAE5" box="[159,230,1302,1326]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FF3EC158FEA3FAE5" box="[245,260,1302,1326]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,182,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1400,175,1354]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult female: fig. 5 mandible; fig. 6 labrum; fig. 7 labium; fig. 8 maxilla; fig. 9 maxillary palp and apices of galea and lacinia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
) transverse, 1.75 as wide as long, lateral sides weakly curved, front margin slightly emarginated with three pairs of stiff setae, sizes increasing from middle to lateral sides. Mandibles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FBFBC174FBD4FA99" box="[1072,1139,1338,1362]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,182,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1400,175,1354]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult female: fig. 5 mandible; fig. 6 labrum; fig. 7 labium; fig. 8 maxilla; fig. 9 maxillary palp and apices of galea and lacinia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
) falciform, about twice as long as wide, with small triangular retinaculum near the middle; lateral basal half concave, margin delimited by a longitudinal sinuous carina. Maxilla (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FDF7C1CCFD05FA51" box="[572,674,1410,1434]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,182,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1400,175,1354]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult female: fig. 5 mandible; fig. 6 labrum; fig. 7 labium; fig. 8 maxilla; fig. 9 maxillary palp and apices of galea and lacinia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Figs 8, 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
): basistipes with a long seta near base and palpifer with a very long apical seta; maxillary palpi fusiform (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FDF0C1E8FD38FA75" box="[571,671,1446,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,182,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1400,175,1354]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult female: fig. 5 mandible; fig. 6 labrum; fig. 7 labium; fig. 8 maxilla; fig. 9 maxillary palp and apices of galea and lacinia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Figs 8, 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
), palpomere 1 short, 2 longer than 3, curved near base and about 1.5 times as long as 3, 4 slightly longer than 3 and more inflated; palpomeres 1, 2 and 4 asetose, 3 with two distal setae; galea fusiform, asetose but with numeral scattered sensorial pits; lacinia falciform with medial field of spines and setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FF2BC25CFE81F9E1" box="[224,294,1554,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,182,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1400,175,1354]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult female: fig. 5 mandible; fig. 6 labrum; fig. 7 labium; fig. 8 maxilla; fig. 9 maxillary palp and apices of galea and lacinia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Mentum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FE66C25CFE55F9E1" box="[429,498,1554,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,182,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1400,175,1354]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult female: fig. 5 mandible; fig. 6 labrum; fig. 7 labium; fig. 8 maxilla; fig. 9 maxillary palp and apices of galea and lacinia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
) transverse, about three times as wide as long, epilobes rounded distally, about as long as medial area; mentum tooth simple, slightly emarginated and medially impressed at apex, length sub-equal to epilobes; with a pair of long stiff setae at base of mentum tooth; paramedian pits deep. Labial palpi (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FADDC214FAFEF9B9" box="[1302,1369,1626,1650]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,182,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1400,175,1354]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult female: fig. 5 mandible; fig. 6 labrum; fig. 7 labium; fig. 8 maxilla; fig. 9 maxillary palp and apices of galea and lacinia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fusiform, palpomere 2 slightly longer than 3, with 2 large medial setae and a few distal small setae; palpomere 3 with about 5 scattered small setae and numerous sensorial spots; ligula with glossal sclerite rounded at apex and with 2 large setae; paraglossae long, slender and free.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056FFF86FF0EC2A4FC17F881" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
Thorax. Pronotum transverse, greatest width/length 1.5–1.6, widest near anterior third; disc convex; base bordered at sides (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FE8BC340FE22F8ED" box="[320,389,1806,1830]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
), hind angles not raised; sides sinuate toward at least slightly punctuate base; medial impression and anterior submarginal border entire, not interrupted (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FCF6C37CFC05F881" box="[829,930,1842,1866]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[347,1240,285,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig. 2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056FFF85FF0EC318FB59FF1F" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
Elytra (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FED2C318FE3AF8A5" box="[281,413,1878,1902]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: fig. 10 meso – metathorax and abdomen (dorsal view); fig. 11 meso – metathorax, (lateral view, note discrimen); fig. 12 meso – metathorax (dorsal view, note punctures); figs 13 – 15 elytron." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276642/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
|
||||
): subparallel, widest at the apical third, 3.6–3.7 times as long as pronotum length, humeral angles moderately prominent, apical sinuation weak but conspicuous; striae complete and strongly punctured throughout most of length, punctures disappearing toward distal quarter; intervals smooth, subconvex; parascutelar stria (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056FFF86FF13C38CFE8CF811" box="[216,299,1986,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: fig. 10 meso – metathorax and abdomen (dorsal view); fig. 11 meso – metathorax, (lateral view, note discrimen); fig. 12 meso – metathorax (dorsal view, note punctures); figs 13 – 15 elytron." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276642/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="31">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
) connected to and continuous with stria 1 and elytral basal margin; striae 3–7 not extended to basal margin; striae 8 and 9 connected at base and extended to basal margin; basal margin entire; intervals 3, 5 and 7 broader than all others. Metathoracic wings fully developed venation typical for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056CFF85FBD6C4F2FB29FF1F" box="[1053,1166,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056CFF85FB56C4F2FB55FF1F" box="[1181,1266,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 22" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1807,1830]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,628,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1437,625,1786]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 22. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, fig. 19 adult female genitalia; figs 20 – 21 gonocoxites; fig. 22 male metathoracic wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056CFF85FF0EC491FAC8FEF4" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
Ventral surface with pentagonal and hexagonal microreticulate surface throughout. Metanepisternum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056CFF85FAF2C491FF13FED7" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: fig. 10 meso – metathorax and abdomen (dorsal view); fig. 11 meso – metathorax, (lateral view, note discrimen); fig. 12 meso – metathorax (dorsal view, note punctures); figs 13 – 15 elytron." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276642/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs 10– 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
) elongate, about 3 times as long as wide, strongly narrowed posteriorly, lateral margin longer than medial margin. Mesepimeron and metanepisternum coarsely punctuate. Discrimen (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056CFF85FC0FC569FBB4FEF4" box="[964,1043,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: fig. 10 meso – metathorax and abdomen (dorsal view); fig. 11 meso – metathorax, (lateral view, note discrimen); fig. 12 meso – metathorax (dorsal view, note punctures); figs 13 – 15 elytron." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276642/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and transverse suture present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE86624056CFF85FF5CC23CFC59F942" box="[151,1022,1650,1673]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276639/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[472,1094,359,1628]" targetPageId="2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056CFF85FF5CC23CFC59F942" blockId="2.[151,1022,1650,1673]" box="[151,1022,1650,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056CFF85FF5CC23CFEB4F943" bold="true" box="[151,275,1650,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056CFF85FED2C23DFE49F942" box="[281,494,1651,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056CFF85FED2C23DFE49F942" box="[281,494,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, adult habitus (photo, R. Kawada).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056CFF85FF0EC2FFFE1DF893" blockId="2.[151,1437,1712,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
Legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056CFF85FEC6C2FEFE28F903" box="[269,399,1712,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 18" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[473,1110,180,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[473,1111,179,1476]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 18. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: figs 16 – 18, pro – meso and metalegs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276643/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs 16–18</figureCitation>
|
||||
) slender; pro- and metatibiae with internal and external carina, mesotibiae simple; protarsomere
|
||||
<quantity id="4F6F9B49056CFF85FF24C29AFEBDF927" box="[239,282,1748,1772]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||||
male with dorsal and internal sulci, although not conspicuous in all specimens; female only with internal sulci; meso- and metatarsomeres
|
||||
<quantity id="4F6F9B49056CFF85FDF8C2B6FDDDF8DB" box="[563,634,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 in</quantity>
|
||||
male, and
|
||||
<quantity id="4F6F9B49056CFF85FD38C2B6FC9DF8DB" box="[755,826,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 in</quantity>
|
||||
female, with internal and external sulci distinct (
|
||||
<date id="FC29106C056CFF85FA91C2B6FA29F8DB" box="[1370,1422,1784,1808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" value="1950-10">50X</date>
|
||||
), in female, meso- and metatarsomeres with only shallow internal sulcus; tarsomeres 1 longer than tarsomere 5, tarsomere 5 ventrally setose.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056CFF85FF0EC32AFAE6F8B7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1712,2024]" box="[197,1345,1892,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
Abdomen (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056CFF85FE88C32AFE31F8B7" box="[323,406,1892,1916]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,509,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: fig. 10 meso – metathorax and abdomen (dorsal view); fig. 11 meso – metathorax, (lateral view, note discrimen); fig. 12 meso – metathorax (dorsal view, note punctures); figs 13 – 15 elytron." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276642/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ventrites 1 and 2 laterally rugose to punctate; 5–6 with a medial pair of stiff setae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056CFF85FF0EC3C6FF74F823" blockId="2.[151,1437,1712,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
Female genitalia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056CFF85FE44C3C6FDB5F86B" box="[399,530,1928,1952]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 22" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1807,1830]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,628,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1437,625,1786]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 22. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, fig. 19 adult female genitalia; figs 20 – 21 gonocoxites; fig. 22 male metathoracic wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs 19–21</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Gonocoxite 1 glabrous; gonocoxite 2 conical, sides feebly curved and tapering toward apex, 2–2.3 times as long as wide, with sensorial punctures on anterior third and few short and stiff setae at apex.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056DFF84FF0EC4D9FEDDFF3C" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
Male genitalia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056DFF84FEB3C4D9FE5AFF64" box="[376,509,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1729,1752]" captionTargetBox="[200,1389,295,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[194,1399,283,1708]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, figs 23 – 29 adult male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276645/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Figs 23–29</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Penis asymmetrical, strongly curved with dorsal ostium; endophallus uniformly covered with microtrichiae and with five elongate oval spiny sclerites. Left paramere broader and less sclerotised than right paramere.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE86624056DFF84FF5CC083FC89FAC9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276640/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[347,1239,285,1218]" targetPageId="3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056DFF84FF5CC083FC89FAC9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1229,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FF5CC083FE9BFB28" bold="true" box="[151,316,1229,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 2–4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FE88C080FDBEFB2F" box="[323,537,1230,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FE88C080FDBEFB2F" box="[323,537,1230,1252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, adult male: fig.2: head and prothorax (frontal view); fig. 3. head and prothorax (lateral view); fig. 4. head and prothorax (dorsal view).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D6527056DFF84FF0EC161FED1FAA0" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056DFF84FF0EC161FED1FAA0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1327,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FF0EC161FEECFA8C" bold="true" box="[197,331,1327,1351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FE9FC161FE66FA8C" box="[340,449,1327,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FE9FC161FE66FA8C" box="[340,449,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from the Greek,
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FD47C17EFD11FA8C" box="[652,694,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">oön</emphasis>
|
||||
= egg and
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FCFCC161FC2FFA8C" box="[823,904,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">phagos</emphasis>
|
||||
=
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FC63C161FBA4FA8C" box="[936,1027,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">phagein</emphasis>
|
||||
= to eat; in reference to the feeding habit of the species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D6527056DFF84FF0EC139FCA4F940" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056DFF84FF0EC139FCA4F940" blockId="3.[151,1436,1327,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FF0EC139FE9EFA44" bold="true" box="[197,313,1399,1423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FE8AC139FD89FA44" box="[321,558,1399,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FE8AC139FD89FA44" box="[321,558,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FCCBC139FB52FA44" authority="Will & Liebherr, 1997" authorityName="Will & Liebherr" authorityYear="1997" box="[768,1269,1399,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinarius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FCCBC139FC4CFA44" box="[768,1003,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Loxandrus quinarius</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D056DFF84FC3FC139FB52FA44" author="Will" box="[1012,1269,1399,1423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Will, K. W. & Liebherr, J. K. (1997) New and little known species of Loxandrus LeConte 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Studies in Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 32, 230 - 238." type="journal article" year="1997">Will & Liebherr, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is only known from the female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C880E056DFF84FE6CC1D5FDAEFA78" box="[423,521,1435,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
from Santa Cruz,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F080763C056DFF84FD11C1D5FC97FA78" box="[730,816,1435,1459]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. These species can be distinguished by the structure of their tarsomeres. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FEB0C18EFDAFFA1C" box="[379,520,1471,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FEB0C18EFDAFFA1C" box="[379,520,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the meso- and metatarsomeres 1–4 of males have the internal and external sulci distinctly visible (
|
||||
<date id="FC29106C056DFF84FEAAC1ADFE32FA30" box="[353,405,1507,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" value="1950-10">50X</date>
|
||||
), while in the females the internal and lateral sulci are found only on the meso-and metatarsomeres 1–3, and on the fourth represented by a shallow internal sulcus. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FBC2C246FB32F9D4" box="[1033,1173,1544,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinarius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FBC2C246FB32F9D4" box="[1033,1173,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">L. quinarius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C880E056DFF84FB35C249FAC2F9D4" box="[1278,1381,1543,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), the internal and external sulci are present in meso- and metatarsomeres 1–4. Another possible difference is the form of the frontal sulci, convergent to the base in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FDA4C21EFD50F9AC" box="[623,759,1616,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinarius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FDA4C21EFD50F9AC" box="[623,759,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">L. quinarius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and divergent in
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FC72C21EFBEDF9AC" box="[953,1098,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FC72C21EFBE1F9AC" box="[953,1094,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">L. oophagus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
However this character varies among individuals in the series of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FDD3C23AFD04F940" box="[536,675,1651,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FDD3C23AFD04F940" box="[536,675,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
studied.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D6527056DFF83FF0EC2D9FC58F900" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056DFF84FF0EC2D9FB80F93C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1327,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FF0EC2D9FE17F964" ID-CoL="8LHS2" box="[197,432,1687,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinarius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FF0EC2D9FE17F964" box="[197,432,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Loxandrus quinarius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was compared to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FDB4C2D6FC4FF964" ID-CoL="8LHSW" authority="Straneo, 1991" authorityName="Straneo" authorityYear="1991" box="[639,1000,1687,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigomeroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FDB4C2D6FCE3F964" box="[639,836,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">L. strigomeroides</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D056DFF84FC87C2D9FC4FF964" author="Straneo" box="[844,1000,1687,1711]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Straneo, S. L. (1991) South American species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Annals of Carnegie Museum, 60 (1), 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1991">Straneo, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D056DFF84FBDFC2D9FA93F964" author="Will" box="[1044,1332,1687,1711]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Will, K. W. & Liebherr, J. K. (1997) New and little known species of Loxandrus LeConte 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Studies in Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 32, 230 - 238." type="journal article" year="1997">Will and Liebherr (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The two species are very similar and share the very large and prominent eyes; a condition considered by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D056DFF84FB1EC2F5FADAF918" author="Straneo" box="[1237,1405,1723,1747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Straneo, S. L. (1991) South American species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Annals of Carnegie Museum, 60 (1), 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1991">Straneo (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as being very unusual among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FE0DC291FD99F93C" box="[454,574,1759,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FE0DC291FD99F93C" box="[454,574,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Loxandrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species, that is also shared by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FC5EC2AEFB87F93C" ID-CoL="8LHR7" box="[917,1056,1759,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FC5EC2AEFB87F93C" box="[917,1056,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056DFF84FF0EC34DFAFDF83F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1327,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FF0EC34DFE17F8D0" ID-CoL="8LHR7" box="[197,432,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FF0EC34DFE17F8D0" box="[197,432,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be included with the 15 other species of Straneo’s (1991) seventh group, that all share the following characteristics: elytra black or brown, without red spots or patterns, not iridescent; pronotum with base bordered at sides, hind angles not raised; sides sinuate or subsinuate toward at least slightly punctuate base, anterior submarginal border entire. Like Straneo’s (1991) “Section A”,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FC79C33EFB9BF84C" ID-CoL="8LHR7" box="[946,1084,1903,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FC79C33EFB9BF84C" box="[946,1084,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has ventral setae on fifty tarsomeres. However, Straneo's groups of species were constructed using only a few characteristics that have not been subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Therefore the placement should be considered as provisional, until a cladistics analysis of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056DFF84FEDDC395FE2AF838" box="[278,397,2011,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056DFF84FEDDC395FE2AF838" box="[278,397,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Loxandrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is performed (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D056DFF84FDF9C395FC9AF838" author="Will" box="[562,829,2011,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Will, K. W. & Liebherr, J. K. (1997) New and little known species of Loxandrus LeConte 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Studies in Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 32, 230 - 238." type="journal article" year="1997">Will and Liebherr 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D056DFF84FC83C395FC66F838" author="Will" box="[840,961,2011,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Will, K. W. (2008) A new species of Loxandrus Leconte (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini) from South America. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 77 (1), 205 - 210." type="journal article" year="2008">Will, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) to test the monophyly of the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE86624056AFF83FF5CC11BFD0EFA41" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276641/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[199,1387,182,1323]" targetPageId="4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056AFF83FF5CC11BFD0EFA41" blockId="4.[151,1436,1365,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FF5CC11BFE9DFAA1" bold="true" box="[151,314,1365,1388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">FIGURES 5–9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056AFF83FEF4C11BFDB2FAA0" ID-CoL="8LHR7" box="[319,533,1365,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FEF4C11BFDB2FAA0" box="[319,533,1365,1387]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, adult female: fig. 5 mandible; fig.6 labrum; fig.7 labium; fig. 8 maxilla; fig. 9 maxillary palp and apices of galea and lacinia.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056AFF83FF0EC1F6FC58F900" blockId="4.[151,1437,1463,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
Two species actually assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056AFF83FDFCC1F9FD7AFA04" authority="Bates" authorityName="Bates" box="[567,733,1463,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FDFCC1F9FD31FA04" box="[567,662,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Adrimus</emphasis>
|
||||
Bates
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056AFF83FD23C1F9FCC6FA04" ID-CoL="8KZX3" box="[744,865,1463,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FD23C1F9FCC6FA04" box="[744,865,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">A. claripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056AFF83FC5DC1F9FBB3FA04" ID-CoL="8KZX9" box="[918,1044,1463,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latibasis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FC5DC1F9FBB3FA04" box="[918,1044,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">A. latibasis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, both described by Straneo (1993), are also very similar to
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FE63C192FD9BFA38" box="[424,572,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056AFF83FE63C192FD9FFA38" ID-CoL="8LHR7" box="[424,568,1499,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">L. oophagus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The three species share the very large and convex eyes, the pronotum with deep median impressed line, and the space between the pronotal basal impressions depressed and coarsely punctuate.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056AFF83FF0DC26DFE20F9F0" ID-CoL="8KZX3" box="[198,391,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FF0DC26DFE20F9F0" box="[198,391,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Adrimus claripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from the State of Alagoas in Northeastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F080763C056AFF83FC2AC26DFB8EF9F0" box="[993,1065,1571,1595]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. It is distinguished by the underside impunctate, except the metanepisterna, which are strongly punctuate, while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056AFF83FBF8C206FB1AF994" ID-CoL="8LHR7" box="[1075,1213,1607,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FBF8C206FB1AF994" box="[1075,1213,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the metanepisterna, the mesenepisterna and the laterobasal sides of ventrite are strongly punctuate.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056AFF83FBDFC225FB57F948" box="[1044,1264,1643,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adrimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latibasalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FBDFC225FB57F948" box="[1044,1264,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Adrimus latibasalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from Salta
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F080763C056AFF83FF1DC2C1FEB6F96C" box="[214,273,1679,1703]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Orán</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F080763C056AFF83FED0C2C1FE29F96C" box="[283,398,1679,1703]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. It differs chiefly by the pronotum shape, with sides not sinuate before the basal angle, while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056AFF83FF7FC2FAFE99F900" ID-CoL="8LHR7" box="[180,318,1715,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056AFF83FF7FC2FAFE99F900" box="[180,318,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the lateral margins of the pronotum are conspicuously sinuate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D6527056AFF8EFF0EC296FE50FEF4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056AFF83FF0EC296FD54F890" blockId="4.[151,1437,1463,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
Mature larva description (Figs. 30–35, 37–47). Length: 12.7 – 14.5 mm. Body elongate, eruciform, slightly flattened, with micro setaceous projections on thoracic segments II–III and abdominal segments I–IX (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A29056AFF83FADCC2B5FF10F8FC" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,193,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[170,1414,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 47. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, last instar larva, electron microscopy photos: fig. 37 head (ventral view); fig. 38 head (dorsal view); fig. 39 body micro setiferous projections; fig 40 thoracic spiracle; fig. 41 abdominal spiracle; fig 42 body micro setiferous projections; figs 43 – 45 pro – meso – and metalegs; figs 46 – 47 prolegs of the IX abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276646/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Figs 39 and 42</figureCitation>
|
||||
); body unevenly pigmented, varying from white to yellowish, pronotum with two darker small flattened anteromedian patches; glabrous at low magnification (
|
||||
<date id="FC29106C056AFF83FD7AC30DFD40F890" box="[689,743,1859,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" value="1940-10">40X</date>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056AFF82FF0EC329FE22FE04" blockId="4.[151,1437,1463,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,463]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Head (Figs 31, 37–38) small, prognathous and slightly protracted, quadrangular and slightly round-sided, much narrower than prothorax. Posterior edge as seen from above broadly emarginated. Epicranial stem absent; frontal arms slightly lyriform, vaguely indicated posteriorly. Endocarinae absent. Parietale without stemmata. Cervical groove absent. Antennae (Fig. 34) small, 4-segmented; antennomere 1 and 3 about as long as wide, 2 transverse half length of antennomeres 1 or 3; discoidal sensorium lying at outer corner of antennomere 3. Frontoclypeal suture absent. Nasal transverse, rounded, with a few sensorial punctures; irregularly microserrate (Figs. 31, 33). Adnasal absent. Mandibles (Fig. 32) symmetrical, falcate and slender, with a sharp retinaculum placed medially in strongly curved mesal margin. Maxillae with cardines small and transverse; stipes broadly elongate; galea bi-articulated, basal article large and conical, distal article small and spiniform (Figs. 35, 37); palp 3-segmented, palpifer transverse, palpomeres 1–3 about of same length, decreasing in width. Labium (Figs 35, 37) with mentum sclerotised, submentum small, transverse, membranous and fused to elongate submentum; mentum quadrangular, lateral margins curved, labial palp 2-segmented, basal segment broader; hypopharynx with microtrichiae. Posterior tentorial pits conspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE86624056BFF82FF5CC3EEFDA5F838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276642/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[151,1436,509,1937]" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC056BFF82FF5CC3EEFDA5F838" blockId="5.[151,1436,1952,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056BFF82FF5CC3EEFEF2F87E" bold="true" box="[151,341,1952,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">FIGURES 10–15.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F056BFF82FE97C3EEFD95F87D" box="[348,562,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE056BFF82FE97C3EEFD95F87D" box="[348,562,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: fig. 10 meso – metathorax and abdomen (dorsal view); fig. 11 meso – metathorax,(lateral view, note discrimen); fig. 12 meso – metathorax (dorsal view, note punctures); figs 13–15 elytron.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE866240568FF81FF5CC183FF5FF9C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276643/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[473,1110,180,1474]" targetPageId="6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0568FF81FF5CC183FF5FF9C9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1485,1538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0568FF81FF5CC183FEF3FA28" bold="true" box="[151,340,1485,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">FIGURES 16–18.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0568FF81FE90C180FD96FA2F" box="[347,561,1486,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0568FF81FE90C180FD96FA2F" box="[347,561,1486,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, adult male electron microscopy photos: figs 16–18, pro – meso and metalegs.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0568FF81FF0EC264FB44F93D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1578,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
Thoracic and abdominal segments I–VIII moderately to strongly transverse, IX conical elongate, X ventral, small, tubular, forming two prolegs bearing coarse pointed microsculptures (Figs 30, 46–47); thoracic terga II–III and abdominal terga I–IX with very small setiferous projections (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A290568FF81FC58C23CFBEEF941" box="[915,1097,1650,1674]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,193,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[170,1414,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 47. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, last instar larva, electron microscopy photos: fig. 37 head (ventral view); fig. 38 head (dorsal view); fig. 39 body micro setiferous projections; fig 40 thoracic spiracle; fig. 41 abdominal spiracle; fig 42 body micro setiferous projections; figs 43 – 45 pro – meso – and metalegs; figs 46 – 47 prolegs of the IX abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Figs 39 and 42</figureCitation>
|
||||
); thoracic terga increasing in length and width from I to III. Protergum with two small flattened pigmented anteromedian patches (Fig. 30). Thorax spiracles between pro- and mesothorax (Figs. 30, 40). Abdominal spiracles annular located dorsally on lateral portion of tergites I–VIII (Figs 30, 41). Legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A290568FF81FD53C290FCBFF93D" box="[664,792,1758,1782]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,193,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[170,1414,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 47. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, last instar larva, electron microscopy photos: fig. 37 head (ventral view); fig. 38 head (dorsal view); fig. 39 body micro setiferous projections; fig 40 thoracic spiracle; fig. 41 abdominal spiracle; fig 42 body micro setiferous projections; figs 43 – 45 pro – meso – and metalegs; figs 46 – 47 prolegs of the IX abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Figs 43–45</figureCitation>
|
||||
) of similar size, with two unequal claws.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0568FF81FF0EC34CFE51F83E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1578,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
Remarks. Some features of the last instar larva of the new species are unusual among carabids, and seem to be adaptations to the peculiar life history of the species. The body is eruciform, with reduced head and legs (Fig. 30). The integument is weakly sclerotized, glabrous, with a few micro setae restricted to head appendages (Figs. 34, 35), body tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A290568FF81FEB0C320FDA5F84D" box="[379,514,1902,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,193,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[170,1414,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 47. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, last instar larva, electron microscopy photos: fig. 37 head (ventral view); fig. 38 head (dorsal view); fig. 39 body micro setiferous projections; fig 40 thoracic spiracle; fig. 41 abdominal spiracle; fig 42 body micro setiferous projections; figs 43 – 45 pro – meso – and metalegs; figs 46 – 47 prolegs of the IX abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Figs. 39, 42</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A290568FF81FDB1C320FCA5F84D" box="[634,770,1902,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,193,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[170,1414,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 47. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, last instar larva, electron microscopy photos: fig. 37 head (ventral view); fig. 38 head (dorsal view); fig. 39 body micro setiferous projections; fig 40 thoracic spiracle; fig. 41 abdominal spiracle; fig 42 body micro setiferous projections; figs 43 – 45 pro – meso – and metalegs; figs 46 – 47 prolegs of the IX abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Figs. 43–45</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The larva is completely blind and the parietale area has no trace of stemmata (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A290568FF81FEA7C3DBFE53F866" box="[364,500,1941,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,193,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[170,1414,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 47. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, last instar larva, electron microscopy photos: fig. 37 head (ventral view); fig. 38 head (dorsal view); fig. 39 body micro setiferous projections; fig 40 thoracic spiracle; fig. 41 abdominal spiracle; fig 42 body micro setiferous projections; figs 43 – 45 pro – meso – and metalegs; figs 46 – 47 prolegs of the IX abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Figs. 37, 38</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Abdominal segment 9th is without urogomphi. The abdominal segment 10th is very small, tubular and ventral, forming two projections bearing coarse pointed microsculptures, which function as crochets of pro-legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A290568FF81FEABC393FE4DF83E" box="[352,490,2013,2037]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,193,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[170,1414,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 47. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, last instar larva, electron microscopy photos: fig. 37 head (ventral view); fig. 38 head (dorsal view); fig. 39 body micro setiferous projections; fig 40 thoracic spiracle; fig. 41 abdominal spiracle; fig 42 body micro setiferous projections; figs 43 – 45 pro – meso – and metalegs; figs 46 – 47 prolegs of the IX abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Figs. 46, 47</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0569FF80FF0EC4D6FC2CFEAF" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
Larvae morphology of two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FDB5C4D6FD52FF7B" box="[638,757,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FDB5C4D6FD52FF7B" box="[638,757,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Loxandrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was previously studied by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0569FF80FBFEC4D6FB55FF64" author="Bousquet" box="[1077,1266,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Bousquet, Y. (1985) Morphologie comparee des larves de Pterostichini (Coleoptera: Carabidae): descriptions et tables de determination des especes du nord - est de l'Amerique du nord. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 112, 191 - 251." type="journal article" year="1985">Bousquet (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FADFC4D7FE84FF1F" authority="Casey, 1918" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velocipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FADFC4D7FA3BFF7B" box="[1300,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">L. velocipes</emphasis>
|
||||
Casey, 1918
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– and by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0569FF80FE6BC4F2FD80FF1F" author="Will" box="[416,551,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Will, K. W. (2008) A new species of Loxandrus Leconte (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini) from South America. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 77 (1), 205 - 210." type="journal article" year="2008">Will (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FD81C4F3FC2EFF1F" authority="Will, 2008" authorityName="Will" authorityYear="2008" box="[586,905,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semperfidelis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FD81C4F3FCA7FF1F" box="[586,768,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">L. semperfidelis</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0569FF80FCC0C4F2FC2EFF1F" author="Will" box="[779,905,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Will, K. W. (2008) A new species of Loxandrus Leconte (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini) from South America. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 77 (1), 205 - 210." type="journal article" year="2008">Will, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The three instars of the former species were described, but only the first instar of the latter is known. The first instar larvae of the two
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FB6BC4AEFABFFF33" box="[1184,1304,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FB6BC4AEFABFFF33" box="[1184,1304,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Loxandrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species are very similar. The third instar larva of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FDF3C54BFD19FED7" box="[568,702,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velocipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FDF3C54BFD19FED7" box="[568,702,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">L. velocipes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from the last instar of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FBC1C54BFB33FED7" box="[1034,1172,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FBC1C54BFB33FED7" box="[1034,1172,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in all the features mentioned above, plus the presence of a cervical groove, absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FCAAC567FC4BFE8B" box="[865,1004,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FCAAC567FC4BFE8B" box="[865,1004,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Further, the shape of antennal sensorium is discoidal in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FEBEC503FDA7FEAF" box="[373,512,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FEBEC503FDA7FEAF" box="[373,512,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and papiliform in
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FD1BC503FC2CFEAF" box="[720,907,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FD1BC503FC20FEAF" box="[720,903,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semperfidelis">L. semperfidelis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0569FF80FF0EC521FD6AFDF7" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
The urogomphi may be absent mainly in the first instar of some other carabid species, e.g.: some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FF5CC5DAFDADFE67" authority="(Erwin, 1981)" baseAuthorityName="Erwin" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[151,522,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudomorphinae">
|
||||
Pseudomorphinae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0569FF80FEBBC5DAFDA6FE67" author="Erwin" box="[368,513,404,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Erwin, T. L. (1981) A synopsis of the immature stages of Pseudomorphini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) with notes on tribal affinities and behavior in relation to life with ants. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 35 (1), 53 - 68." type="journal article" year="1981">Erwin, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FDDCC5DAFC77FE67" authority="Newman, 1840" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1840" box="[535,976,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Adelotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FDDCC5DAFCBDFE67" box="[535,794,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Adelotopus dytiscoides</emphasis>
|
||||
Newman, 1840
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FC3BC5DAFB1EFE67" box="[1008,1209,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudomorphinae">Pseudomorphinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– living under bark (Arndt
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FF22C5F7FE86FE1B" box="[233,289,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2005) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FE6AC5F6FC47FE04" authority="Dejean & Latreille, 1823" authorityName="Dejean & Latreille" authorityYear="1823" box="[417,992,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FE6AC5F6FD67FE1B" box="[417,704,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Pheropsophus hispanicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Dejean & Latreille, 1823
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FC36C5F9FB23FE04" box="[1021,1156,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brachininae">Brachininae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– ectoparasitic on pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FF7EC593FDA8FE3F" authority="Kirby, 1837" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[181,527,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Gyrinidae" genus="Dineutes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FF7EC593FE25FE3F" box="[181,386,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Dineutes assimilis</emphasis>
|
||||
Kirby, 1837
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FDE7C592FD3BFE3F" box="[556,668,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Gyrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gyrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0569FF80FD0BC592FCC7FE3F" author="Jeannel" box="[704,864,476,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Jeannel, R. (1970) Coleopteres, Carabiques deuxieme partie. Faune de la France. T. 40. Kraus Reprint, Nendeln, Liechtenstein, 1173 p." type="book" year="1970">Jeannel, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In some carabids, mainly ectoparasitoids species, the urogomphi are present and well developed in the first triunguliniform instar, but can be reduced or even absent in the older instars (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0569FF80FEBEC66AFD67FDF7" author="Zetto" box="[373,704,548,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Zetto Brandmayr, T., Giglio, A., Marano, I. & Brandmayr, P. (1998) Morphofunctional and ecological features in carabid larvae: a contribution to distinguish between affinity and convergence, pp. 449 - 490. Atti del convegno XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze 28 - 31 agosto 1996. Torino: Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino." type="book chapter" year="1998">
|
||||
Zetto Brandmayr
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FDF5C66BFDD1FDF7" box="[574,630,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 1998
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE866240569FF80FF5CC341FEC4F88F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276644/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[167,1421,628,1766]" targetPageId="7">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0569FF80FF5CC341FEC4F88F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1807,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FF5CC341FEF2F8EE" bold="true" box="[151,341,1807,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">FIGURES 19–22.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0569FF80FE97C341FD95F8EE" box="[348,562,1807,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0569FF80FE97C341FD95F8EE" box="[348,562,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, fig. 19 adult female genitalia; figs 20–21 gonocoxites; fig.22 male metathoracic wings.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0569FF8FFF0EC33CFB39FF3C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1905,2037]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Pupa description (Fig. 36). Length 7.8–8.3 mm. Adecticous and exarate. Body convex, cream to yelowishwhite, with patches of short hairs. Head completely covered with pronotum in dorsal view. Eyes very large, convex and prominent. Mouthparts visible in ventral view. Antennae lying parallel to ventral sides of prothorax. Pronotum small, tranverse with small setae at the anterior margin and near the posterior third. Pterothecae extending up to fourth ventrite. Legs free, visible in ventral view. Abdomen with nine visible tergites (one of them only visible apico-laterally) and seven visible sternites. Tergite IX rounded. Lateral tubercles on abdominal segments II–VI with two very short setae. Spiracles I–VI in the pleural membrane, visible from dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE866240566FF8FFF5CC28FFB8FF913" box="[151,1064,1729,1752]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276645/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[200,1389,295,1688]" targetPageId="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0566FF8FFF5CC28FFB8FF913" blockId="8.[151,1064,1729,1752]" box="[151,1064,1729,1752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0566FF8FFF5CC28FFEF3F91C" bold="true" box="[151,340,1729,1752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 23–29.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0566FF8FFE91C28CFD88F913" box="[346,559,1730,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0566FF8FFE91C28CFD88F913" box="[346,559,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, figs 23–29 adult male genitalia.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0566FF8EFF0EC34BFE50FEF4" blockId="8.[151,1436,1796,2036]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0566FF8FFF0EC34BFE22F8D6" bold="true" box="[197,389,1796,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
Adults of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0566FF8FFDC9C34BFD48F8D6" box="[514,751,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0566FF8FFDC9C34BFD48F8D6" box="[514,751,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were found (1 individual, N=10; 2 individuals, N=5) at the bottom of foam nests of the frog
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0566FF8FFDCDC367FD57F88A" box="[518,752,1833,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0566FF8FFDCDC367FD57F88A" box="[518,752,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">Leptodactylus fuscus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A290566FF8FFD35C366FCD9F88B" box="[766,894,1832,1856]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 49" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1063,1086]" captionTargetBox="[321,1266,505,1042]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[321,1266,505,1042]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 49. Loxandrus oophagus Costa and Vanin, figs 48 – 49 last instar larvae infesting foam nest of Leptodactylus fuscus (general aspect and detail). (Photos T. R. de Carvalho)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276647/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">Figs 48–49</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The frog nests are underground chambers constructed at the bottom of gullies or at the border of temporary pools. Mating and oviposition site were not observed, as well as larvae of first and intermediate instars. Adults were observed walking on the surface of the foam nest and also crossing through the foam to reach the bottom of the chamber. Adults were never observed feeding inside or outside the nest. The larva completes its life cycle inside the nest and feeds only on the frog’s eggs. Larvae eat eggs but they have never been seen feeding on embryos, hatchlings or tadpoles. The number of larvae observed inside foam nests varied from 7 to 23 (N=20). After larval development is accomplished the larvae stop feeding. Ten infested foam nests have been observed. The larvae require 3–5 days to consume the entire egg clutch. Afterwards they start moving to the surrounding walls of the nest to pupate in the ground. Pupation phase lasts about 5 days (N=5) after which teneral adults were found. These data suggest that the relationship between the carabid beetle and the foam nest is obligatory.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0567FF8EFF5CC332FEFBF81B" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<table id="FA97C40C05670078FF5CC332FA3AF81B" box="[151,1437,1916,2000]" gridcols="5" gridrows="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<tr id="36A734EE05670078FF5CC332FA3AF858" box="[151,1437,1916,1939]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<th id="75765D9205670078FF5CC332FE6FF858" box="[151,456,1916,1939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0567FF8EFF5CC332FEF2F85A" bold="true" box="[151,341,1916,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">FIGURES 30–36.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0567FF8EFE90C332FE6FF859" box="[347,456,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0567FF8EFE90C332FE6FF859" box="[347,456,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">Loxandrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="75765D9205670078FE04C332FD3AF858" box="[463,669,1916,1939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0567FF8EFE04C332FD96F859" box="[463,561,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0567FF8EFE04C332FD96F859" box="[463,561,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="75765D9205670078FD6FC332FBDAF858" box="[676,1149,1916,1939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">Vanin, last instar larva: fig. 30 habitus; fig. 31</th>
|
||||
<th id="75765D9205670078FB4FC332FADBF858" box="[1156,1404,1916,1939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">larval head (dorsal); fig.</th>
|
||||
<th id="75765D9205670078FA48C332FA3AF858" box="[1411,1437,1916,1939]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">32</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="36A734EE05670078FF5CC3D5FA3AF87A" box="[151,1437,1947,1969]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<th id="75765D9205670078FF5CC3D5FE6FF87A" box="[151,456,1947,1969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">larval mandible; fig. 33 detail</th>
|
||||
<td id="75765D9205670078FE04C3D5FD3AF87A" box="[463,669,1947,1969]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">of the nasal anterior</td>
|
||||
<td id="75765D9205670078FD6FC3D5FBDAF87A" box="[676,1149,1947,1969]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">margin (dorsal); fig. 34 antenna; fig. 35 larval</td>
|
||||
<td id="75765D9205670078FB4FC3D5FADBF87A" box="[1156,1404,1947,1969]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">maxilla and labium; fig.</td>
|
||||
<td id="75765D9205670078FA48C3D5FA3AF87A" box="[1411,1437,1947,1969]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">36</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="36A734EE05670078FF5CC3F4FA3AF81B" box="[151,1437,1978,2000]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="39" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<th id="75765D9205670078FF5CC3F4FE6FF81B" box="[151,456,1978,2000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">pupa (dorsal view).</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE866240564FF8DFF5CC2C8FF76F933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276646/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[170,1413,193,1655]" targetPageId="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0564FF8DFF5CC2C8FF76F933" blockId="10.[151,1437,1670,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="40">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0564FF8DFF5CC2C8FEF2F950" bold="true" box="[151,341,1670,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="40">FIGURES 37–47.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0564FF8DFE96C2C8FD94F957" box="[349,563,1670,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0564FF8DFE96C2C8FD94F957" box="[349,563,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="40">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, last instar larva, electron microscopy photos: fig. 37 head (ventral view); fig. 38 head (dorsal view); fig. 39 body micro setiferous projections; fig 40 thoracic spiracle; fig. 41 abdominal spiracle; fig 42 body micro setiferous projections; figs 43–45 pro – meso – and metalegs; figs 46–47 prolegs of the IX abdominal segment.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D65270564FF8CFF0EC351FBAAF8E3" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="10" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0564FF8DFF0EC351FD32F868" blockId="10.[151,1436,1823,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="40">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0564FF8DFF0EC351FDA9F8F3" bold="true" box="[197,526,1823,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="40">Discussion and conclusions.</emphasis>
|
||||
Very little is known about the natural history of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0564FF8DFBE5C351FB09F8FC" box="[1070,1198,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Loxandrini">Loxandrini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Most larvae of carabid beetles are predators and search for food actively. Their bodies are usually campodeiform, well sclerotised and pigmented, have proportionally large head with stemmata, long or stout cursorial legs, and bear fixed urogomphi (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0564FF8DFF55C3C5FEE9F868" author="Crowson" box="[158,334,1931,1955]" pageId="10" pageNumber="42" refString="Crowson, R. A. (1981) The Biology of Coleoptera. Academic Press, London, xii + 802 p." type="book" year="1981">Crowson, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0564FF8DFE91C3C5FD2EF868" author="Lovei" box="[346,649,1931,1955]" pageId="10" pageNumber="42" refString="Lovei, G. L. & Sunderland, K. D. (1996) Ecology and behavior of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 41, 231 - 256." type="journal article" year="1996">Lövei & Sunderland, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0564FF8CFF0EC3E1FBF7FED7" blockId="10.[151,1436,1823,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,463]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="10" pageNumber="40">
|
||||
The external larval features that distinguish the mature larva of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0564FF8DFC51C3E1FB2FF80C" box="[922,1160,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0564FF8DFC51C3E1FB2FF80C" box="[922,1160,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="40">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the larvae of most other predaceous carabids are likely specializations related to their cryptic life history in anuran foam nests. The most notable differences from a typical carabid larva are the eruciform body, that is glabrous and depigmented, head and legs that are small, and the absence of both stemmata and urogomphi. The foam nest provides shelter, a suitable humid environment and an abundant food source represented in the nutritive anuran eggs. The larva has limited mobility and is restricted to the foam nest, but has no need to search for food.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0565FF8CFF0EC569FF78FE04" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Some specialist feeder carabid beetles develop in nests of different ant or termite species, feeding on the hosts or their broods. Larvae or adults of myrmecophile carabids usually invade the nests through their entrances (Dinter
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFF5CC53FFF6FFE43" box="[151,200,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
., 2002). Larvae of some of these myrmecophile or termitophile carabid species also have some of the adaptive features present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFEBAC5DBFDACFE67" box="[369,523,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagous">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFEBAC5DBFDACFE67" box="[369,523,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">L. oophagous</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, developed by convergent evolution to nest environments (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFB79C5DAFAE4FE67" author="Erwin" box="[1202,1347,404,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Erwin, T. L. (1979) A review of the natural history and evolution of ectoparasitoid relationships, pp. 479 - 484. In Erwin, T. L., Ball G. E., & Withehead, D. R. (Eds). Carabid beetles: their evolution, natural history and classification. Proceedings of the First International Symposium of Carabidology, Washington, D. C., 1976, W. Junk, Boston, MA." type="journal article" year="1979">Erwin, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFA9BC5DAFF74FE04" author="Erwin" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Erwin, T. L. (1981) A synopsis of the immature stages of Pseudomorphini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) with notes on tribal affinities and behavior in relation to life with ants. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 35 (1), 53 - 68." type="journal article" year="1981">Erwin, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE866240565FF8CFF5CC069FD42FB97" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276647/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[321,1266,505,1042]" targetPageId="11">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0565FF8CFF5CC069FD42FB97" blockId="11.[151,1436,1063,1116]" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFF5CC069FEF4FBF6" bold="true" box="[151,339,1063,1086]" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">FIGURES 48–49.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFE93C069FD8AFBF6" box="[344,557,1063,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFE93C069FD8AFBF6" box="[344,557,1063,1085]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">Loxandrus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Costa and Vanin, figs 48–49 last instar larvae infesting foam nest of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFB29C069FF1EFB97" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFB29C069FF1EFB97" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">Leptodactylus fuscus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(general aspect and detail). (Photos T. R. de Carvalho)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0565FF8CFF0EC0C6FBC5FB23" blockId="11.[151,1436,1160,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
The adults of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFEAEC0C4FE56FB6A" box="[357,497,1161,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFEAEC0C4FE56FB6A" box="[357,497,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
do not have any conspicuous features adaptive to this particular habitat, the foam nest. The only notable characteristic is their very large eyes, a feature shared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFBF8C0E0FB1AFB0E" box="[1075,1213,1198,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinarius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFBF8C0E0FB1AFB0E" box="[1075,1213,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">L. quinarius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFB38C0E0FF1AFB22" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigomeroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFB38C0E0FF1AFB22" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">L. strigomeroides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and considered very unusual in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFDEDC09FFD39FB22" box="[550,670,1233,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFDEDC09FFD39FB22" box="[550,670,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">Loxandrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFD66C09EFCEAFB23" author="Straneo" box="[685,845,1232,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Straneo, S. L. (1991) South American species of Loxandrus LeConte, 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini). Annals of Carnegie Museum, 60 (1), 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1991">Straneo, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFC9CC09EFBF2FB23" author="Will" box="[855,1109,1232,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Will, K. W. & Liebherr, J. K. (1997) New and little known species of Loxandrus LeConte 1852 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Studies in Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 32, 230 - 238." type="journal article" year="1997">Will & Liebherr, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0565FF8CFF0EC0BBFD7AFAB3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1160,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
According to the known natural history of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFD6AC0BBFCBEFAC6" box="[673,793,1269,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFD6AC0BBFCBEFAC6" box="[673,793,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">Loxandrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species, two natural traits can be distinguished, considering larval morphology and behavior. One has adaptations to a solitary and predator way of life, as presented by the Northern American
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFE4AC170FDB6FA9E" box="[385,529,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFE4AC170FDAAFA9E" box="[385,525,1341,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velocipes">L. velocipes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
while the other is adapted to consume eggs inside a cryptic environment, as reported herein to the South American
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFD87C12CFD71FAB2" box="[588,726,1377,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loxandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFD87C12CFD71FAB2" box="[588,726,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">L. oophagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836AC0565FF8CFF0EC1CBFBAAF8E3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1160,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Carnivorous carabid beetles commonly attack other arthropods, more rarely other small invertebrates, such as Gastropoda and Oligochaeta, and occasionally they prey on small amphibians or fishes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFB43C1E6FA9DFA0B" author="Crowson" box="[1160,1338,1448,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Crowson, R. A. (1981) The Biology of Coleoptera. Academic Press, London, xii + 802 p." type="book" year="1981">Crowson, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFA8CC1E6FF73FA2E" author="Toledo" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Toledo, L. F. (2005) Predation of juvenile and adult anurans by invertebrates: current knowledge and perspectives, Herpetological Review, 36 (4), 395 - 400." type="journal article" year="2005">Toledo, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFEB5C183FDA6FA2E" author="Jach" box="[382,513,1485,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Jach, M. A. (1998) Annotated check list of aquatic and riparian / littoral beetle families of the world (Coleoptera). In M. A. Jach & Ji. L. (eds.): Water Beetles of China, Vol. II, 25 - 42." type="book chapter" year="1998">Jäch (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
several species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFD19C183FCE4FA2E" box="[722,835,1485,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be found foraging under water: adults and larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFF73C1BFFE33F9C2" box="[184,404,1521,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFF73C1BFFE33F9C2" box="[184,404,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">Carabus clathratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. 1758,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFDCCC1BFFD38F9C2" box="[519,671,1521,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variolosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFDCCC1BFFD38F9C2" box="[519,671,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">C. variolosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
F. 1787,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFCDBC1BFFB4DF9C3" authority="Hummel, 1827" authorityName="Hummel" authorityYear="1827" box="[784,1258,1520,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menetriesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFCDBC1BFFC0FF9C2" box="[784,936,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">C. menetriesi</emphasis>
|
||||
Hummel, 1827 (Carabinae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are reported to hunt for snails, crustaceans, insect larvae, tadpoles, and small fishes under water. Adults are said to store air under their elytra. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFE77C276FD2AF99B" box="[444,653,1592,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Elron, E., Shlagman, A. & Gasith, A. (2007) First detailed report of predation on Anuran metamorphs by terrestrial beetle larvae. Herpetological Review, 38 (1), 30 - 33." type="journal article">
|
||||
Elron
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFDC9C274FD9CF99A" box="[514,571,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2007)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
there are three reported cases of carabid beetles preying on amphibians, all belonging to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFE7AC213FD81F9BE" box="[433,550,1629,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chlaeniini">Chlaeniini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(= Callistini). In all cases, these carabid larvae attack anuran juveniles on the ground, near their breeding sites in the spring. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFC8FC2CEFBC8F953" author="Duellman" box="[836,1135,1664,1688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Trueb, L. (1986) Biology of Amphibians. Macgraw-Hill, New York, xx + 670 p." type="book" year="1986">Duellman & Trueb (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, terrestrial eggs of various groups of anurans are eaten by a variety of insects, especially carabids and tenebrionids. Larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFAD7C2EBFE3DF92B" authority="Williston, 1897" authorityName="Williston" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Beckeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFAD7C2EBFF75F92A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">Beckeriella niger</emphasis>
|
||||
(Williston, 1897)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFE62C286FD88F92B" box="[425,559,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFDF0C286FD36F92B" box="[571,657,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) were reported consuming eggs, embryos and tadpoles in foam nests of the leiuperid
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D2F0565FF8CFE82C2A3FD45F8CE" authority="Fitzinger, 1826" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[329,738,1773,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EABE0565FF8CFE82C2A3FD95F8CE" box="[329,562,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">Physalaemus cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||||
Fitzinger,
|
||||
<quantity id="4F6F9B490565FF8CFD61C2A3FD45F8CE" box="[682,738,1773,1797]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.638039999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="1826.0">1826</quantity>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F080763C0565FF8CFCCDC2A3FCECF8CE" box="[774,843,1773,1797]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFC92C2A3FB94F8CE" author="Bockermann" box="[857,1075,1773,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Bockermann, W. C. A. (1957) Frog eggs parasitized by dipterous larvae. Herpetologica, 13, 231 - 232." type="journal article" year="1957">Bockermann, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B5D0565FF8CFBF4C2A3FAF6F8CE" author="Menin" box="[1087,1361,1773,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Menin, M. & Giaretta, A. A. (2003) Predation on foam nests of leptodactyline frogs (Anura: Leptodactylidae) by larvae of Beckeriella niger (Diptera: Ephydridae). Journal of Zoology, London, 261, 239 - 243." type="journal article" year="2003">Menin & Giaretta, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Consequently, this is the first report of predation on anuran eggs by a carabid larva.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
304
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304
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<mods:title id="1283452DFD09680E2D169FCF9370326D">First record of the spider genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from India with the description of a new species (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)</mods:title>
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<heading id="D36081BCFA4AC56B4AAFF91CF7757AF7" bold="true" box="[151,570,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B4AAFF91CF7757AF7" ID-CoL="886M" authority="Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,570,1698,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4AAFF91CF7757AF7" bold="true" box="[151,570,1698,1725]" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4AAFF91CF4457AF6" bold="true" box="[151,266,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Wolongia</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4AC56B4B29F91DF7757AF7" box="[273,570,1699,1725]" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="ref2655" refString="Zhu, M. S., Kim, J. P. & Song, D. X. (1997) On three new genera and four new species of the family Tetragnathidae (Araneae) from China. Korean Arachnology, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article">Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
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</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
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|
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<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4AAFF97BF4437A96" bold="true" box="[151,268,1733,1756]" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B4BB2F97BF4BF7A97" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[394,496,1733,1757]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4BB2F97BF4BF7A97" box="[394,496,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Wolongia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B48E8F978F69E7A96" authority="Simon, 1908" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[720,977,1733,1757]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B48E8F978F6727A97" box="[720,829,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||||
Simon, 1908
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; but it can be differentiated from the latter by the following combination of characters: 1) absence of denticles between two cheliceral fang furrows in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B4F30F959F0227AB5" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[1288,1389,1767,1791]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4F30F959F0227AB5" box="[1288,1389,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Wolongia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B4B34F8B5F4357B68" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[268,378,1803,1826]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4B34F8B5F4357B68" box="[268,378,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4AC56B4BB3F8B5F6247B68" box="[395,875,1803,1826]" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="ref2434" refString="Alvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2011) Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orbweaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162 (4), 713 - 880. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00692. x" type="journal article">Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga 2011: fig. 88D</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); 2) some portion of the genital bulb concealed in cymbium in retrolateral view against the separated bulb from cymbium in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B498BF890F16E7B0F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[947,1057,1838,1861]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B498BF890F16E7B0F" box="[947,1057,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4AC56B4E17F893F5BB7B2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="ref2434" refString="Alvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2011) Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orbweaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162 (4), 713 - 880. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00692. x" type="journal article">Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga 2011: fig. 90D</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); 3) copulatory duct tubular in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B4805F8F1F7ED7B2D" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[573,674,1871,1895]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4805F8F1F7ED7B2D" box="[573,674,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Wolongia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4AC56B4888F8EEF48F7BC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng 2013: figs 6F, 10C, 12C, 14D, 18F, 22B, 26C, 28D, 32E, 34C; Present study: Fig, 3E</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) but as a modified sac in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B48EEF8CDF60B7BC0" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[726,836,1907,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B48EEF8CDF60B7BC0" box="[726,836,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4AC56B496AF8CDF06C7BC0" box="[850,1315,1907,1930]" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="ref2434" refString="Alvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2011) Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orbweaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162 (4), 713 - 880. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00692. x" type="journal article">Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga 2011: fig. 74B</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B4F0FF8CCF0D37BC0" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[1335,1436,1906,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4F0FF8CCF0D37BC0" box="[1335,1436,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Wolongia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B4B0CF82BF7247BE6" authority="Tanikawa, 2001" authorityName="Tanikawa" authorityYear="2001" box="[308,619,1941,1965]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Okileucauge" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4B0CF82BF4F47BE7" box="[308,443,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Okileucauge</emphasis>
|
||||
Tanikawa,
|
||||
<quantity id="4F6F9B35FA4AC56B480EF82BF7247BE6" box="[566,619,1941,1964]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08254" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" unit="in" value="2001.0">2001</quantity>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in habitus and coloration, but differs from the latter by: 1) cymbium with an ectomedian and ectobasal process (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4AC56B4823F806F4EF7BB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng 2013: figs 5A–C, 9A–C, 17A–C, 21A–C, 25A–C, 31A–C, 33A–C; Present study: Fig, 3B,C</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) versus absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B485CF864F7A47BB8" authorityName="Tanikawa" authorityYear="2001" box="[612,747,2010,2034]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Okileucauge" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B485CF864F7A47BB8" box="[612,747,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Okileucauge</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; 2) embolic base exposed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4AC56B4E10F864F1C27BB8" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[1064,1165,2010,2034]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4AC56B4E10F864F1C27BB8" box="[1064,1165,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Wolongia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4AC56A4EA4F865F66F7CE5" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng 2013: figs 5A, 9A, 17A, 21A, 25A, 31A, 33A; Present study: Fig, 3B</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) which is hidden in conductor in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4EA0FF29F0507CE5" authorityName="Tanikawa" authorityYear="2001" box="[1176,1311,151,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Okileucauge" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4EA0FF29F0507CE5" box="[1176,1311,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Okileucauge</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4F17FF26F59F7C9B" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2705" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. & Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, vii + 418 pp." type="book">
|
||||
Zhu
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4F5CFF26F0DA7CE5" box="[1380,1429,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2003
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 155D); 3) female palpal tibia without long trichobothria while present in O
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4E03FF07F1E17C9B" box="[1083,1198,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">kileucauge</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4E86FF04F0247C9B" box="[1214,1387,185,209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2705" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. & Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, vii + 418 pp." type="book">
|
||||
Zhu
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4ECBFF04F06C7C9B" box="[1267,1315,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2003
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 158C); 4) fertilization duct slightly curved (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4854FF63F4CC7D5D" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">
|
||||
Wan & Peng 2013: figs 6F, 10C, 12C, 14D, 18F, 22B, 26C, 28D, 32E, 34C; Present study:
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4BC56A4B0CFEBEF4CC7D5D" box="[308,387,256,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) against heavily coiled and sac-shaped FD in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4956FF41F6BA7D5D" authorityName="Tanikawa" authorityYear="2001" box="[878,1013,255,279]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Okileucauge" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4956FF41F6BA7D5D" box="[878,1013,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Okileucauge</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA4BC56A4AFFFE9CF1437D73" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,556]" box="[199,1036,289,313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
|
||||
Type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4B64FE9FF64B7D73" authority="Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[348,772,289,313]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guoi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4B64FE9FF4B87D73" box="[348,503,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Wolongia guoi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4BC6FE9CF64B7D73" box="[510,772,290,313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2655" refString="Zhu, M. S., Kim, J. P. & Song, D. X. (1997) On three new genera and four new species of the family Tetragnathidae (Araneae) from China. Korean Arachnology, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article">Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, by original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA4BC56A4AFFFEFBF4F57E66" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A4AFFFEFBF0237D16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837804002" box="[199,1388,324,348]" country="China" location="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4AFFFEFBF4107D16" bold="true" box="[199,351,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Composition.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4B57FEFAF6697D16" authority="Wan & Peng, 2013" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[367,806,324,348]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicruris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4B57FEFAF7777D16" box="[367,568,324,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Wolongia bicruris</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4807FEFBF6697D16" box="[575,806,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8D48600BFA4BC56A4906FEFBF17A7D16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87C6FA4AC56A4AAFF91CF4F57E66:8D48600BFA4BC56A4906FEFBF17A7D16" box="[830,1077,325,348]" country="China" name="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Gaoligong Mountains</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4A53F832FA4BC56A4E71FEFBF0427D16" box="[1097,1293,325,348]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A4F19FEFBF02A7D16" box="[1313,1381,325,348]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A4FB9FEFBF6737D35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837803997" country="China" location="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4FB9FEFBF4A57D35" authority="Wan & Peng, 2013" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimacroseta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4FB9FEFBF4557D35" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">W. bimacroseta</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4B18FED6F4A57D35" box="[288,490,360,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8D48600BFA4BC56A4BC0FED6F7A97D35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87C6FA4AC56A4AAFF91CF4F57E66:8D48600BFA4BC56A4BC0FED6F7A97D35" box="[504,742,360,383]" country="China" name="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Gaoligong Mountains</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A48C8FED6F67B7D35" box="[752,820,360,383]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A497FFED6F5AC7DEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837804000" country="China" location="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A497FFED6F1D37D35" authority="Wan & Peng, 2013" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[839,1180,360,383]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erromera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A497FFED6F6857D35" box="[839,970,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">W. erromera</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A49EAFED6F1D37D35" box="[978,1180,360,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8D48600BFA4BC56A4E92FED6F0D77D35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87C6FA4AC56A4AAFF91CF4F57E66:8D48600BFA4BC56A4E92FED6F0D77D35" box="[1194,1432,360,383]" country="China" name="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Gaoligong Mountains</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A4AAFFE34F5947DEB" box="[151,219,394,417]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A4AD7FE34F6D57DEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837804001" box="[239,922,393,417]" country="China" location="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4AD7FE34F70E7DEB" authority="Wan & Peng, 2013" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[239,577,393,417]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliacea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4AD7FE34F4267DEB" box="[239,361,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">W. foliacea</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4B49FE34F70E7DEB" box="[369,577,394,417]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8D48600BFA4BC56A486AFE34F60D7DEB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87C6FA4AC56A4AAFF91CF4F57E66:8D48600BFA4BC56A486AFE34F60D7DEB" box="[594,834,394,417]" country="China" name="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Gaoligong Mountains</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A4976FE34F6DD7DEB" box="[846,914,394,417]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A499FFE34F4F57D8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837803999" country="China" location="Sichuan" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A499FFE34F04A7DEB" authority="Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[935,1285,394,417]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guoi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A499FFE34F6BE7DEB" box="[935,1009,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">W.guoi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A49C2FE34F04A7DEB" box="[1018,1285,394,417]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2655" refString="Zhu, M. S., Kim, J. P. & Song, D. X. (1997) On three new genera and four new species of the family Tetragnathidae (Araneae) from China. Korean Arachnology, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article">Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4A53F832FA4BC56A4F2DFE34F0227DEB" box="[1301,1389,394,417]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4A53F832FA4BC56A4AAFFE13F5A27D8E" box="[151,237,429,452]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
|
||||
Provinces,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A4B57FE13F4FC7D8E" box="[367,435,429,452]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A4BF0FE13F1267D8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837804003" box="[456,1129,429,452]" country="China" location="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4BF0FE13F6407D8E" authority="Wan & Peng, 2013" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[456,783,429,452]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4BF0FE13F77C7D8E" box="[456,563,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">W. mutica</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4805FE13F6407D8E" box="[573,783,429,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8D48600BFA4BC56A4918FE13F15F7D8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87C6FA4AC56A4AAFF91CF4F57E66:8D48600BFA4BC56A4918FE13F15F7D8E" box="[800,1040,429,452]" country="China" name="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Gaoligong Mountains</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A4E25FE13F12E7D8E" box="[1053,1121,429,452]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A4E4EFE13F7CD7DAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837804005" country="China" location="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4E4EFE13F4587DAD" authority="Zhao, Yin & Peng, 2009" authorityName="Zhao, Yin & Peng" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odontodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4E4EFE13F0487D8E" box="[1142,1287,428,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">W. odontodes</emphasis>
|
||||
Zhao, Yin & Peng, 2009
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8D48600BFA4BC56A4B16FE6EF76B7DAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87C6FA4AC56A4AAFF91CF4F57E66:8D48600BFA4BC56A4B16FE6EF76B7DAD" box="[302,548,464,487]" country="China" name="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Gaoligong Mountains</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A480FFE6EF7347DAD" box="[567,635,464,487]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A48AEFE6EF0217DAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837803998" box="[662,1390,464,487]" country="China" location="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A48AEFE6EF14D7DAD" authority="Wan & Peng, 2013" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[662,1026,464,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="renaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A48AEFE6EF6407DAD" box="[662,783,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">W. renaria</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4926FE6EF14D7DAD" box="[798,1026,464,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8D48600BFA4BC56A4E21FE6EF0407DAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87C6FA4AC56A4AAFF91CF4F57E66:8D48600BFA4BC56A4E21FE6EF0407DAD" box="[1049,1295,464,487]" country="China" name="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Gaoligong Mountains</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A4F1AFE6EF0297DAD" box="[1314,1382,464,487]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A4FB9FE6EF6107E43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837804004" country="China" location="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4FB9FE6EF7457E43" authority="Wan & Peng, 2013" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetramacroseta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4FB9FE6EF4777E43" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">W. tetramacroseta</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4B06FE4CF7457E43" box="[318,522,498,521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8D48600BFA4BC56A4821FE4CF6477E43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87C6FA4AC56A4AAFF91CF4F57E66:8D48600BFA4BC56A4821FE4CF6477E43" box="[537,776,498,521]" country="China" name="Gaoligong Mountains" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Gaoligong Mountains</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A492BFE4CF6187E43" box="[787,855,498,521]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="38FF3C8DFA4BC56A4952FE4CF4F97E66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837804006" country="China" location="Sichuan" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A49A0FE4CF0477E43" authority="Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[920,1288,498,521]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wangi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A49A0FE4CF6B47E43" box="[920,1019,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">W. wangi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA4BC56A4E3AFE4CF0477E43" box="[1026,1288,498,521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2655" refString="Zhu, M. S., Kim, J. P. & Song, D. X. (1997) On three new genera and four new species of the family Tetragnathidae (Araneae) from China. Korean Arachnology, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article">Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4A53F832FA4BC56A4F2EFE4CF0217E43" box="[1302,1390,498,521]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4A53F832FA4BC56A4AAFFDABF5A27E66" box="[151,237,533,556]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
|
||||
Provinces,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A4B52FDABF4E17E66" box="[362,430,533,556]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
299
data/00/3E/87/003E87C6FA4BC56F4AAFFDCCF67A7EB6.xml
Normal file
299
data/00/3E/87/003E87C6FA4BC56F4AAFFDCCF67A7EB6.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods id="8FEC5DD6801841E5E70A92BCCDDB867B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="548A3C5C76305D6DB15D3FC08388DB1C">
|
||||
<mods:title id="A3BA3CCF2DD721BD85D0E9801ABE8782">First record of the spider genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from India with the description of a new species (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="E27CE45EA3BC8C36A8BB486061D6CFC0" type="personal">
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||||
<mods:role id="C26F39C831AB08DB7783A12872A13609">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8FBEF17F9CDBAE05899C26442D1E1955">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="3FE4C10BE950C836B076F9E24CA4D751">Malamel, Jobi J.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="31423C6C7D4F7E649ADB7BA818170F20" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="DE9A924AC5283387278C630966FF02CE">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="44F3762294C06E4F622C858256973D6F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="5D7789CAF9A37C31BCB90E2F933C945F">Nafin, Karunnappilli Shamsudheen</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="D84CA1F00D90B94957205A8A8BCB520E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="387E53799EBA62B70DC0A6553DC2D949">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8C6E51DC30411D6E96D42EDE8A545804">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="417748E2EA86E7AE2E1F7C422DB130F4">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="FC9D066A9074FF892D5C0D4A832C9B97" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F58DFB0C73DF653A7735B9013A179A6E">
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="0C3C52CCB0790431C9E0B7370064CF8C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B4E12933AA1F3A0AE593677BF178E7B3">Sebastian, Pothalil A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E134A671E86F66E7F26B9C4048B44CB2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="8FD8DCFC9DFE983C0C6F1A6308DE84B1">
|
||||
<mods:title id="2799E846FF03FF6E48E79278E5ED582F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="BD36F59B19A3EBF8CEFF77E05FED0114">
|
||||
<mods:date id="FD7553FA9767B0384BE9BCD47DA35030">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="BCDD92C586926043F3B947B4AB3A87A3" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="904D68F5832E9946F76339DCB4EED479">2018-04-09</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:detail id="EF1A235BEA25C6D83B6A29BBAF523CFB" type="volume">
|
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<mods:number id="72E76BEF7FBECFE5BC1B1E334FF99696">4407</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:detail id="64A7D62D1FE5D9351B5C1779FAAADE67" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="89663F06A3FBD7B08B5178117070DFB8">1</mods:number>
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|
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||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
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|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="2AECB3D5272133EBE880B2072D1F5DB4">journal article</mods:classification>
|
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|
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<mods:identifier id="E4C9632B61D116B9D0C91E28F63006C7" type="Zenodo-Dep">1216476</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E9DBA70957E4557B523B67FB894CDAFA" type="ZooBank">ADD4310A-CBD0-4BA3-9138-967C8FDC4A72</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="003E87C6FA4BC56F4AAFFDCCF67A7EB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5958873" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143536572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5958873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E87C6FA4BC56F4AAFFDCCF67A7EB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/003E87C6FA4BC56F4AAFFDCCF67A7EB6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D655BFA4BC56A4AAFFDCCF67F7EBE" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA4BC56A4AAFFDCCF7857EC6" blockId="1.[151,1435,626,756]" box="[151,714,626,652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
|
||||
<heading id="D36081BCFA4BC56A4AAFFDCCF7857EC6" bold="true" box="[151,714,626,652]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4AAFFDCCF7857EC6" bold="true" box="[151,714,626,652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4AAFFDCCF4E77EC6" ID-CoL="5C33B" authority="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,424,626,652]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papafrancisi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4AAFFDCCF4E77EC6" bold="true" box="[151,424,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Wolongia papafrancisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A1D057B9FA4BC56A4B88FDCCF7707EC6" box="[432,575,626,652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4BC56A4877FDCCF78F7EC6" box="[591,704,626,652]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,244,1487,1509]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox-0="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1421,220,1465]" captionTargetBox-2="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[151,1436,191,1465]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. Female habitus (ADSH9847B): A, female habitus, dorsal; B, same, ventral; C, same, left metatarsusI, prolateral;D,epigynum before clearing, ventral; E,same,after clearing,ventral;F, same, vulvae,dorsal.Scale bars, A, 1 mm; B, 0.5 mm;C–F, 0.2 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1216480/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA4BC56A4AAFFD26F67F7EBE" blockId="1.[151,1435,626,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4AAFFD26F5AF7EE5" bold="true" box="[151,224,664,687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C8872FA4BC56A4AAFFD26F5947EE5" box="[151,219,664,687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Types</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C8872FA4BC56A4ADFFD26F4057EE5" box="[231,330,664,687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
male (ADSH9847A),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4BC56A4804FD26F7C37EE5" box="[572,652,664,687]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4A53F832FA4BC56A48AEFD26F7AE7EE5" box="[662,737,664,687]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||||
: Alappuzha, Pathiramanal Island,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EDA35017FA4BC56A4E68FD26F1907EE5" box="[1104,1247,662,687]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" precision="1" value="9.618642">9o37'07.11''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EDA35017FA4BC56A4ED2FD26F0CC7EE5" box="[1258,1411,662,687]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" precision="1" value="76.384705">76o23'04.95''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4F6F9B35FA4BC56A4FB6FD26F5E37E9B" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||||
Elev.,
|
||||
<date id="FC291010FA4BC56A4B39FD04F4937E9B" box="[257,476,698,721]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="2015-11-24">24 November 2015</date>
|
||||
, Jobi J Malamel & Jimmy Paul, leg., from foliage, by hand. Two female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C8872FA4BC56A4F0DFD04F0D47E9B" box="[1333,1435,698,721]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
(ADSH9847B), same data as
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C8872FA4BC56A4BEBFD63F77F7EBE" box="[467,560,733,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
except
|
||||
<date id="FC291010FA4BC56A48BBFD63F6637EBE" box="[643,812,733,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="2015-10-05">5 October 2015</date>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE86658FA4BC56A4AAFF829F65E7BAD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" startId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" targetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" targetPageId="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA4BC56A4AAFF829F65E7BAD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1943,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4AAFF829F4417BE7" bold="true" box="[151,270,1943,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA4BC56A4B2CF829F4A07BE6" authority="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[276,495,1943,1964]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papafrancisi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4B2CF829F4A07BE6" box="[276,495,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Wolongia papafrancisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A1D057B9FA4BC56A4BCEF829F7617BE7" box="[502,558,1943,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4BC56A4BCEF829F7617BE7" bold="true" box="[502,558,1943,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral. Scale bars, A & C–D, 0.5 mm; B, 1 mm; E, I 0.2 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE86658FA48C5694AAFFA71F4F17A55" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216480/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" startId="2.[151,244,1487,1509]" targetBox="[170,1421,220,1465]" targetPageId="2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA48C5694AAFFA71F4F17A55" blockId="2.[151,1436,1487,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694AAFFA71F44179AF" bold="true" box="[151,270,1487,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C5694B2DFA71F4BF79AE" authority="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[277,496,1487,1508]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papafrancisi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694B2DFA71F4BF79AE" box="[277,496,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Wolongia papafrancisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A1D057B9FA48C5694BC0FA71F77F79AF" box="[504,560,1487,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694BC0FA71F77F79AF" bold="true" box="[504,560,1487,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Female habitus (ADSH9847B): A, female habitus, dorsal; B, same, ventral; C, same, left metatarsus I, prolateral; D, epigynum before clearing, ventral; E, same, after clearing, ventral; F, same, vulvae, dorsal. Scale bars, A, 1 mm; B, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.2 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D655BFA48C5694AFFF9F4F65D7AC9" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA48C5694AFFF9F4F65D7AC9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1610,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694AFFF9F4F4087A2B" bold="true" box="[199,327,1610,1633]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
This species is dedicated to Pope Francis, the present reigning Pope of the Catholic Church in honour of his great contributions as an environmental conservationist.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D655BFA48C5694AFFF931F4437B94" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA48C5694AFFF931F4437B94" blockId="2.[151,1436,1610,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694AFFF931F4737AEC" bold="true" box="[199,316,1679,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||||
Males of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C5694B92F931F71C7AEC" authority="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[426,595,1678,1702]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papafrancisi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694B92F931F71C7AEC" box="[426,595,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">W. papafrancisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A1D057B9FA48C5694863F931F7D77AEC" box="[603,664,1679,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694863F931F7D77AEC" bold="true" box="[603,664,1679,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
are most similar to the males of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C56949C6F930F0D77AEC" authority="Wan & Peng, 2013" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[1022,1432,1678,1702]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicruris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C56949C6F930F1F07AEC" box="[1022,1215,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Wolongia bicruris</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA48C5694EF0F931F0D77AEC" box="[1224,1432,1679,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but can be separated from the latter by the following combination of features: narrow cymbial ectobasal process without bifurcation (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C5694B18F96BF4D57AA6" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[288,410,1748,1772]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicruris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694B18F96BF4D57AA6" box="[288,410,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">W. bicruris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with large cymbial ectobasal process with apical bifurcation), posteriorly oriented cymbial ectomedian process (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C5694B42F949F4BF7B44" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[378,496,1782,1806]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicruris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694B42F949F4BF7B44" box="[378,496,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">W. bicruris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with anteriorly oriented cymbial ectomedian process), small, mount-like paracymbium (paracymbium in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C5694B6CF8A4F4877B7B" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[340,456,1817,1841]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicruris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694B6CF8A4F4877B7B" box="[340,456,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">W. bicruris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
long, with knob like apical part) conductor with apical bifurcation (conductor in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C5694F1FF8A4F0D57B7B" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[1319,1434,1817,1841]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicruris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694F1FF8A4F0D57B7B" box="[1319,1434,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">W. bicruris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with apical twist) and embolus not masked by conductor (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C569490BF883F6E17B1E" authorityName="Wan & Peng" authorityYear="2013" box="[819,942,1852,1876]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicruris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C569490BF883F6E17B1E" box="[819,942,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">W. bicruris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with embolus being masked by conductor) (compare
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA48C5694B3FF8E1F4387B3C" box="[263,375,1887,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Figs 1E–I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA48C5694BBFF8E1F4887B3C" box="[391,455,1887,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA48C5694835F8E1F7AC7B3C" box="[525,739,1887,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 5A–C). Females of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C5694E3BF8E1F1FF7B3C" authority="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[1027,1200,1886,1910]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papafrancisi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694E3BF8E1F1FF7B3C" box="[1027,1200,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">W. papafrancisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A1D057B9FA48C5694E84F8E1F1B27B3C" box="[1212,1277,1887,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C5694E84F8E1F1B27B3C" bold="true" box="[1212,1277,1887,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
can be easily distinguished from the females of all other described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA48C56948DEF83FF6047BD3" authorityName="Zhu, Kim & Song" authorityYear="1997" box="[742,843,1921,1945]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA48C56948DEF83FF6047BD3" box="[742,843,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Wolongia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species by the presence of a secondary spermathecae beside the true spermathecae (compare
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA48C5694802F81AF7C47BF1" box="[570,651,1956,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,220,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,191,1465]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. Female habitus (ADSH9847B): A, female habitus, dorsal; B, same, ventral; C, same, left metatarsusI, prolateral;D,epigynum before clearing, ventral; E,same,after clearing,ventral;F, same, vulvae,dorsal.Scale bars, A, 1 mm; B, 0.5 mm;C–F, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216480/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA48C56948ADF81AF7FC7BF1" box="[661,691,1956,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EC064B21FA48C56948D7F81AF6FA7BF1" box="[751,949,1956,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" refId="ref2561" refString="Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013) The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 87 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.1.3" type="journal article">Wan & Peng 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 6F, 10C, 12C, 14C, 18F, 22B, 26C, 28D, 32E, 34C).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DCE86658FA49C5684AAFFAFDF05279FA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" startId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" targetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" targetPageId="3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA49C5684AAFFAFDF05279FA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1347,1456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA49C5684AAFFAFDF4437913" bold="true" box="[151,268,1347,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F974D53FA49C5684B2AFAFDF4A27912" authority="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Malamel & Nafin & Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[274,493,1347,1368]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Wolongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papafrancisi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA49C5684B2AFAFDF4A27912" box="[274,493,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Wolongia papafrancisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A1D057B9FA49C5684BCBFAFDF7667913" box="[499,553,1347,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA49C5684BCBFAFDF7667913" bold="true" box="[499,553,1347,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps: A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral; C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium; SS, secondary spermatheca; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca. Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D655BFA49C56F4AFFFA62F03C7E93" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA49C56F4AFFFA62F6B47D5D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1499,2008]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,764]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA49C5684AFFFA62F41D79B9" bold="true" box="[199,338,1500,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Description.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA49C5684B64FA65F4DC79B9" box="[348,403,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Male</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C8872FA49C5684B9CFA62F74C79B9" box="[420,515,1500,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(ADSH9847A),
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C56848F9FA62F60A79B9" box="[705,837,1500,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Figs. 1A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Carapace, eye field, maxillae, labium, sternum, legs straw coloured. Carapace with paired longitudinal, black patches, one on each side of cephalic part. Eyes black. Chelicerae creamy; promargin with three teeth, retromargin without teeth. Maxillae, labium with black shades. Sternum with black border. Legs with black shades particularly on tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi, covered with short macrosetae more prominent on metatarsi and tarsi, but venter of femur I lacks rows of macrosetae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C5684E2AF9D8F1297A37" box="[1042,1126,1638,1661]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Opisthosoma oval, creamy with anterior part being overhanging on thoracic part; dorsum medially with two pairs of sigillae, medio-laterally with longitudinally arranged irregular silvery-white patches, postero-laterally with discontinuous longitudinal rows of black patches; venter with a median, broad, pale blackpatch. Body length 1.57. Prosoma length 0.74, width 0.71. Opisthosoma length 0.83, width 0.63. Eye diameters: ALE 0.07. AME 0.07. PLE 0.08. PME 0.08. Eye interdistances: AME–ALE 0.03.AME–AME 0.02. PME–PLE 0.03. PME–PME 0.04. Clypeus height at ALEs 0.07, at AMEs 0.02. Chelicerae length0.24. Measurements of pedipalp and legs. Pedipalp (right) 0.82 [0.29, 0.09, 0.16, 0.28], I 3.81 [1.13, 0.38, 0.84, 0.97, 0.49], II 3.43 [0.98, 0.34, 0.74, 0.93, 0.44], III 2.13 [0.52, 0.21, 0.37, 0.65, 0.38], IV 3.24 [0.95, 0.32, 0.81, 0.76, 0.40]. Leg formula: 1243.
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA49C5684B94F8C5F7437BD9" box="[428,524,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Pedipalp</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C5684823F8C2F7C77BD9" box="[539,648,1916,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Figs 1E–I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C56848ACF8C2F7977BD9" box="[660,728,1916,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Cymbium baso-prolaterally provided with a small denticle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C5684F54F8C2F5F97BFF" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C5684AFAF820F5AB7BFF" box="[194,228,1950,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); cymbial ectobasal process narrow hook-like, with angular tip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C56849AFF820F1467BFF" box="[919,1033,1950,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Figs. 1E, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C5684E2DF820F1167BFF" box="[1045,1113,1950,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); cymbial ectomedian process roughly triangular, pointing posteriorly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C5684870F87FF7EB7B92" box="[584,676,1985,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA49C5684889F87FF79C7B92" box="[689,723,1985,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Paracymbium reduced, mount like. Bulb circular in ventral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4AA7FF26F5B07CE5" box="[159,255,152,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Figs. 1H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4B35FF26F4617CE5" box="[269,302,152,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); tegulum small, occupying medio-apical part of bulb (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F49B3FF26F6A47CE5" box="[907,1003,152,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Figs. 1H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F49C1FF26F1557CE5" box="[1017,1050,152,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); subtegulum prominent occupying half of the bulb (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4B60FF04F4E07C9B" box="[344,431,186,209]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
Figs.
|
||||
<date id="FC291010FA4EC56F4BAFFF04F4E07C9B" box="[407,431,186,209]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">1I</date>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4B87FF04F4AD7C9B" box="[447,482,186,209]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Conductor broad, elongated, originating apical to bulb, with basal twist, with apical bifurcation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4B25FF63F4EF7CBE" box="[285,416,221,244]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Figs. 1G–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4B95FF63F4BF7CBE" box="[429,496,221,244]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">3A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Embolus long, filiform, arising apically to bulb, with a basal twist, distal half lying away from conductor, directed at one o’clock in ventral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4917FEBEF6EF7D5D" box="[815,928,256,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,807,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1332,788,1930]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. (ADSH9847A): A, male habitus, dorsal;B, same, ventral; C, same, frontal. D, same, male right femur I, ventral; E, right pedipalp, dorsal, F, left pedipalp, prolateral; G, same, ventro-retrolateral; H, same, ventral; I, same, retrolateral.Scale bars,A &C–D, 0.5mm; B, 1mm;E, I 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216478/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Figs. 1F–I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4993FEBEF6A07D5D" box="[939,1007,256,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">3A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA4EC56F4AFFFE9FF03C7E93" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4EC56F4AFFFE9FF4587D73" box="[199,279,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Female</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<typeStatus id="572C8872FA4EC56F4B14FE9CF4C57D73" box="[300,394,290,313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
ADSH9847B,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4804FE9CF7F77D73" box="[572,696,290,313]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,220,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,191,1465]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. Female habitus (ADSH9847B): A, female habitus, dorsal; B, same, ventral; C, same, left metatarsusI, prolateral;D,epigynum before clearing, ventral; E,same,after clearing,ventral;F, same, vulvae,dorsal.Scale bars, A, 1 mm; B, 0.5 mm;C–F, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216480/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Like male except the following: Opisthosoma with irregularly scattered silvery-white patches on dorsum and laterals; medio-lateral longitudinal rows of black patches complete; venter with a pair of longitudinal discontinuous stripes of silvery-white spots. Cheliceral promargin with three teeth, retromargin with two teeth; Body length 2.53. Prosoma length 1.03, width 0.75. Opisthosoma length 1.5, width 0.96. Eye diameters: ALE 0.09. AME 0.08. PLE 0.09. PME 0.08. Eye interdistances: AME–ALE 0.04. AME–AME 0.02. PME–PLE 0.02. PME–PME 0.03. Clypeus height at ALEs 0.09, at AMEs 0.03. Chelicerae length0.46; Measurements of palp and legs. Palp (right) 1.04 [0.33, 0.14, 0.20, 0.38], I 3.81 [1.13, 0.38, 0.84, 0.97, 0.49], II 3.43 [0.98, 0.34, 0.74, 0.93, 0.44], III 2.13 [0.52, 0.21, 0.37, 0.65, 0.38], IV 3.24 [0.95, 0.32, 0.81, 0.76, 0.40]. Leg formula: 1243.
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4EC56F4F08FDABF0D37E66" box="[1328,1436,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Epigynum</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4AA7FD86F4507E05" box="[159,287,568,591]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,220,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,191,1465]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. Female habitus (ADSH9847B): A, female habitus, dorsal; B, same, ventral; C, same, left metatarsusI, prolateral;D,epigynum before clearing, ventral; E,same,after clearing,ventral;F, same, vulvae,dorsal.Scale bars, A, 1 mm; B, 0.5 mm;C–F, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216480/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Figs. 2D–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4B09FD86F43C7E05" box="[305,371,568,591]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">3D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Simple, with a median triangular and lateral roughly rectangular plates (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4EEDFD86F0167E05" box="[1237,1369,568,591]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,220,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,191,1465]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. Female habitus (ADSH9847B): A, female habitus, dorsal; B, same, ventral; C, same, left metatarsusI, prolateral;D,epigynum before clearing, ventral; E,same,after clearing,ventral;F, same, vulvae,dorsal.Scale bars, A, 1 mm; B, 0.5 mm;C–F, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216480/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Figs. 2D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4F53FD86F0C07E05" box="[1387,1423,568,591]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Copulatory openings narrow, medially placed, lying on each side of the median triangular plate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4EAFFDE4F1A27E3B" box="[1175,1261,602,625]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Vulvae consist of pear-shaped secondary spermathecae and roughly oval, shrunken true spermathecae, both are bridged through narrow, short copulatory ducts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4BAAFD1EF4A47EFD" box="[402,491,672,695]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,220,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,191,1465]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. Female habitus (ADSH9847B): A, female habitus, dorsal; B, same, ventral; C, same, left metatarsusI, prolateral;D,epigynum before clearing, ventral; E,same,after clearing,ventral;F, same, vulvae,dorsal.Scale bars, A, 1 mm; B, 0.5 mm;C–F, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216480/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Figs. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4BCEFD1EF7587EFD" box="[502,535,672,695]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Secondary spermathecae lying near to the copulatory openings, slightly larger than true spermathecae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4B5FFD7CF4F67E93" box="[359,441,706,729]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Fertilization duct short, confronting each other, adjacent to true spermathecae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F4F2CFD7CF0287E93" box="[1300,1383,706,729]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[218,1351,228,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[218,1352,191,1315]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp. A–C Male left (A–B) and right (C) pedipalps:A, left palp, retrolateral; B, same, ventral;C, right palp, dorsal; D,epigynum, ventral; E, same, Vulvae, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CEBP, cymbial ectobasal process; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; CO, copulatory opening; D, denticles; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; P, paracymbium;SS, secondary spermatheca;ST,subtegulum; T, tegulum; TS, true spermatheca.Scale bars, A–E, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C08D655BFA4EC56F4AFFFD5BF67A7EB6" box="[199,821,741,764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="882836D0FA4EC56F4AFFFD5BF67A7EB6" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,764]" box="[199,821,741,764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAE3EAC2FA4EC56F4AFFFD5BF4167EB6" bold="true" box="[199,345,741,764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F0807640FA4EC56F4B67FD5BF4D77EB6" box="[351,408,741,764]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">India</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4A53F832FA4EC56F4B9BFD5BF4A57EB6" box="[419,490,741,764]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(Pathiramanal Island) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10AC2A55FA4EC56F48DEFD5BF6687EB6" box="[742,807,741,764]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,818,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,818,1958]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Collecting locality of Wolongia papafrancisi n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216484/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
102
data/00/3E/8F/003E8F2CEDA2355ACB2CED5B57C8C2BD.xml
Normal file
102
data/00/3E/8F/003E8F2CEDA2355ACB2CED5B57C8C2BD.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23685" ID-PMC="PMC5904534" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-745-101" ID-Pensoft-UUID="047DFFCAFFA5F32EA97C873F4708943F" ID-PubMed="29670449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1222435" ID-ZooBank="8785DC6BC2A244FD94B6243EB07C717F" ModsDocID="1313-2970-745-101" checkinTime="1521799180220" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moore, Matthew R., Cave, Ronald D. & Branham, Marc A." docDate="2018" docId="003E8F2CEDA2355ACB2CED5B57C8C2BD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 745: 101-378" docOrigin="ZooKeys 745" docPubDate="2018-03-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23685" docTitle="Cyclocephala jauffreti Dechambre 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="047DFFCAFFA5F32EA97C873F4708943F" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="047DFFCAFFA5F32EA97C873F4708943F" masterDocTitle="Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini)" masterLastPageNumber="378" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1668165599527" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Building 1881 Natural Area Drive, Steinmetz Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cyclocephala@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Cave, Ronald D.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Branham, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Building 1881 Natural Area Drive, Steinmetz Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
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|
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|
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2018-03-22</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>745</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>101</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>378</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23685</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23685</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-745-101</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8785DC6BC2A244FD94B6243EB07C717F</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">047DFFCAFFA5F32EA97C873F4708943F</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1222435</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="142480499" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:003E8F2CEDA2355ACB2CED5B57C8C2BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/003E8F2CEDA2355ACB2CED5B57C8C2BD" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="72" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="003E8F2C-EDA2-355A-CB2C-ED5B57C8C2BD" authority="Dechambre, 1979" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala jauffreti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jauffreti">Cyclocephala jauffreti Dechambre, 1979</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala jauffreti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jauffreti">Cyclocephala jauffreti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dechambre, 1979a: 163-164 [original combination].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="173" type="types">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="173">Types.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
Holotype ♂ at MNHN (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dechambre, R-P" pageId="173" pageNumber="274" refId="B228" refString="Dechambre, R-P, 1979a. Missions entomologiques en Guyane et au Bresil [ColeopteraDynastidae]. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 1: 160-168." title="Missions entomologiques en Guyane et au Bresil [ColeopteraDynastidae]. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 1: 160 - 168." year="1979 a">Dechambre 1979a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="173">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
BRAZIL:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="173" type="references">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="173">References.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="173">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dechambre, R-P" pageId="173" pageNumber="274" refId="B228" refString="Dechambre, R-P, 1979a. Missions entomologiques en Guyane et au Bresil [ColeopteraDynastidae]. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 1: 160-168." title="Missions entomologiques en Guyane et au Bresil [ColeopteraDynastidae]. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 1: 160 - 168." year="1979 a">Dechambre 1979a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Endrodi, S" pageId="178" pageNumber="279" refId="B321" refString="Endrodi, S, 1985a. The Dynastinae of the World. Dr. W. Junk Publisher, Dordrecht, 800 pp. [+ 46 pls]" title="The Dynastinae of the World. Dr. W. Junk Publisher, Dordrecht, 800 pp. [+ 46 pls]" year="1985 a">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1985a
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Krajcik, M" pageId="200" pageNumber="301" refId="B658" refString="Krajcik, M, 2005. Dynastinae of the World Checklist (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Animma.X, Supplement No. 2, Pilsen, 122 pp." title="Dynastinae of the World Checklist (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Animma. X, Supplement No. 2, Pilsen, 122 pp." year="2005">Krajcik 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Krajcik, M" pageId="200" pageNumber="301" refId="B659" refString="Krajcik, M, 2012. Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Animma.X Supplement 5, Pilsen, 278 pp." title="Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Animma. X Supplement 5, Pilsen, 278 pp." year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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