Add updates up until 2025-04-15 16:58:58
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data/FA/51/90/FA5190272872FFCCFE0FB5775E2EF0D6.xml
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<document id="097A45DC79EFD347B9E2FA70622D0915" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930310001625923" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1629850401754" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="De Villalobos, C., Hancock E. G. & Zanca F." docDate="2004" docId="FA5190272872FFCCFE0FB5775E2EF0D6" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.38.18.2305-2313.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Chordodes balzani Camerano 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="2312" masterDocId="0668E85F2870FFC4FFCFB11D5A79F31B" masterDocTitle="Redescription and sexual dimorphism of Chordodes balzani Camerano, 1896 (Nematomorpha)" masterLastPageNumber="2313" masterPageNumber="2305" pageNumber="2306" updateTime="1744736337809" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="59AD899863787EC681BFA68A663CAF4E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7649F1D4FECEE50BED29762F8BFD617D">
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||||
<mods:title id="81C3B415E654CC0018ECEE047446C0D8">Redescription and sexual dimorphism of Chordodes balzani Camerano, 1896 (Nematomorpha)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="925B2009BD6509F3AD098F3FA381B488" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0FE57962799FA8A1989E71D1A506B28D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="51AC88D39373D8DCB570A5DD6782D830">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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||||
<mods:namePart id="AFA50EE74D4713A0757DB8FF6BBE7AE4">De Villalobos, C.</mods:namePart>
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||||
</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="38F5024D87DA40C7AA89EF5FCA418B6B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="592FDD343544DD1DBC476109EEC42AF4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F55CC2EC0FBF2B2B6D212626068508A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B53CCBCCFFA9ABE30DAD54CE29C3BF7D">Hancock E. G.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="9EE58F890354F253B4A21D0F5F503C81" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="385F25F0B77722C1D5E076017F42D146">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8822A6820252B0CC9F60506A522D60C5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="152A22023DB5EBCB8AB21A1541D8AE28">Zanca F.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="05C171A0D55B4739EC6FD67DB9D7E971">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="3FD26DEA7C8034B7DFF0D1826216217B" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="005D8C95252D2ACB8240FEBD344A08D2">
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||||
<mods:title id="50A95098715CCE21F34D2A45687451C3">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="CCD9EB4FC629E53A19B19772F22B6314">
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||||
<mods:date id="440ABAE4A9951CD2FBDBD1B0EE5B88B5">2004</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="C6922FF8DE542B582647EFF4D1FC0B5F" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="E7F8D46568EC9AF2F8A44AEA1C3A5DD2">2004-12-31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
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||||
<mods:detail id="C5D9C00C34CB046F1103A32C01A6E5C4" type="volume">
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||||
<mods:number id="EB9A75B753DD7C83A090D4DE5A40BD95">38</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="87A737CAFC7B155CB287D924CE431CFA" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="47D42DCAACDF3E6559B16222EFE88C61">2305</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CF24875646E17906113B78554F60A5A1">2313</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="052102E7553486FD426B4193BCE74534">journal article</mods:classification>
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||||
<mods:identifier id="B5D42A23B475EC021516663ADB47B035" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930310001625923</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6EED57F2133B6B64F5F388D7440D842C" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
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</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="FA5190272872FFCCFE0FB5775E2EF0D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA5190272872FFCCFE0FB5775E2EF0D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA5190272872FFCCFE0FB5775E2EF0D6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="2312" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">
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<subSubSection id="3AE272BA2872FFC6FE0FB5775921F799" box="[448,856,1130,1154]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312872FFC6FE0FB5775921F799" blockId="2.[154,1111,1130,1345]" box="[448,856,1130,1154]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22872FFC6FE0FB5775921F799" ID-CoL="5YCHZ" authority="Camerano, 1896" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[448,856,1130,1154]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232872FFC6FE0FB57758F6F799" bold="true" box="[448,655,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Chordodes balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02872FFC6FD55B5775921F799" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[666,856,1130,1154]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref3321" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1896, Descrizione di una nuova specie di Gordio del Basso Beni (Bolivia) raccolta dal Prof. L. Balzan, Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 16, 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1896">Camerano, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3AE272BA2872FFC6FD8EB59458AEF7BA" box="[577,727,1161,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312872FFC6FD8EB59458AEF7BA" blockId="2.[154,1111,1130,1345]" box="[577,727,1161,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42872FFC6FD87B59458B6F7BA" box="[584,719,1161,1185]" captionStart-0="FIGs" captionStart-1="FIGs" captionStart-2="FIGs" captionStartId-0="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" captionStartId-1="4.[154,170,1523,1545]" captionStartId-2="5.[159,175,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetId-0="figure-48@3.[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@4.[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@5.[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of Chordodes balzani, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100 Mm (1, 4); 10 Mm (2, 3)." captionText-1="FIGs. 5–8. SEMs of Chordodes balzani male from Trinidad. (5) General dorsal view of mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 3 and 4. Note that type 2 areoles are always arranged in pairs. (6) Areolar clusters with types 3 and 4. (7) Longitudinal ventral groove, clusters of areoles of type 5 (black arrow) are distributed along each side of the ventral midline. (8) Areolar types 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scattered tubercles occur between areole types 5 and 6 and minute bristles can be seen on the surface of areole type 6. Bars: 100 Mm (5, 7); 10 Mm (6, 8)." captionText-2="FIGs. 9–11. SEMs of Chordodes balzani female from Trinidad. (9) Anterior end with mouth opening surrounded by papular structures (black arrow). (10) Longitudinal ventral groove with clusters of areoles of types 3 and 5 (black arrow) distributed along each side of the ventral midline, areole type 5 with long filaments. (11) Areolar cluster of types 3 and 5 surrounded by type 6. Bars: 10 Mm (9); 100 Mm (10, 11)." pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">figures 1–11</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3AE272BA2872FFC6FF55B5B7581FF7DA" box="[154,614,1193,1218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312872FFC6FF55B5B7581FF7DA" blockId="2.[154,1111,1130,1345]" box="[154,614,1193,1218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22872FFC6FF55B5B7581BF7DA" authority="Camerano, 1896: 10" authorityName="Camerano" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1896" box="[154,610,1193,1218]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232872FFC6FF55B5B75B10F7D9" box="[154,361,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Chordodes balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02872FFC6FEBBB5B4581BF7DA" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[372,610,1193,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref3321" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1896, Descrizione di una nuova specie di Gordio del Basso Beni (Bolivia) raccolta dal Prof. L. Balzan, Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 16, 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1896">Camerano, 1896: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3AE272BA2872FFC6FF0DB5D45E6BF6DF" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312872FFC6FF0DB5D45B9BF65A" blockId="2.[154,1111,1130,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="C2902B6C2872FFC6FF0DB5D45BA7F65A" collectedFrom="host found on surface of bat guano" collectingDate="1994-07-08" collectionCode="Hunterian Museum (Zoology)" collectorName="E. G. Hancock" country="Trinidad and Tobago" county="Central Range Mountains" location="Tamana Cave" municipality="Tamana Hill" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" specimenCode="110 821" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932872FFC6FF0DB5D45B5AF7C4" box="[194,291,1225,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<location id="772777EA2872FFC6FEF7B5D45B9BF7FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA5190272872FFCCFE0FB5775E2EF0D6:772777EA2872FFC6FEF7B5D45B9BF7FA" box="[312,482,1225,1249]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" county="Central Range Mountains" municipality="Tamana Hill" name="Tamana Cave" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Tamana Cave</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="9223BB4B2872FFC6FE3AB5D458E9F7FA" box="[501,656,1225,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Tamana Hill</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="772777EA2872FFC6FD6BB5D45999F7FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA5190272872FFCCFE0FB5775E2EF0D6:772777EA2872FFC6FD6BB5D45999F7FA" box="[676,992,1225,1249]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" county="Central Range Mountains" municipality="Tamana Hill" name="Central Range Mountains" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Central Range Mountains</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FC3CB5D45E2EF7FA" box="[1011,1111,1225,1249]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FF6DB5F45BD8F61A" box="[162,417,1257,1281]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), collected from
|
||||
<collectedFrom id="C1E462CC2872FFC6FDA8B5F45E72F61A" box="[615,1035,1257,1281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">host found on surface of bat guano</collectedFrom>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="64FEEAB82872FFC6FBD6B5F45E2BF61A" box="[1049,1106,1257,1281]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||||
, coll.
|
||||
<collectorName id="DF0D44E72872FFC6FF1BB4145BF1F63A" box="[212,392,1289,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">E. G. Hancock</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="064607F12872FFC6FE59B4145862F63A" box="[406,539,1289,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" value="1994-07-08">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="1602FE192872FFC6FE59B4145862F63A" box="[406,539,1289,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" value="1994-07-08">8 July 1994</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(deposited in the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="14E9B9F42872FFC6FD3EB4145E2BF63A" box="[753,1106,1289,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Hunterian Museum (Zoology)</collectionCode>
|
||||
, Glasgow, Acc. No.
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||||
<specimenCode id="225E894A2872FFC6FEB1B4345BAFF65A" box="[382,470,1321,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">110 821</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312872FFC6FF0DB4515E6BF6DF" blockId="2.[154,1111,1356,1732]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232872FFC6FF0DB4515BEEF67F" box="[194,407,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Further specimens.</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="C2902B6C2872FFC6FE64B451589BF6BF" collectingDate="1998-07-04" collectionCode="Hunterian Museum (Zoology)" country="Venezuela" location="Rio Cuchivero" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||||
A
|
||||
<specimenCount id="64FEEAB82872FFC6FE03B451586FF67F" box="[460,534,1356,1380]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="female">female</specimenCount>
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||||
with same data as neotype, collected on
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<date id="064607F12872FFC6FBC1B4515AB6F69F" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" value="1998-07-04">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="1602FE192872FFC6FBC1B4515AB6F69F" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" value="1998-07-04">4 July 1998</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="14E9B9F42872FFC6FF2EB471583CF69F" box="[225,581,1388,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Hunterian Museum (Zoology)</collectionCode>
|
||||
, Glasgow, Acc. No. 110 822);
|
||||
<location id="772777EA2872FFC6FC6AB4715E2BF69F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA5190272872FFCCFE0FB5775E2EF0D6:772777EA2872FFC6FC6AB4715E2BF69F" box="[933,1106,1388,1412]" country="Venezuela" name="Rio Cuchivero" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Rio Cuchivero</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="772777EA2872FFC6FF55B4915BFEF6BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA5190272872FFCCFE0FB5775E2EF0D6:772777EA2872FFC6FF55B4915BFEF6BF" box="[154,391,1420,1444]" country="Venezuela" name="Las Lomitas Caicara" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Las Lomitas Caicara</location>
|
||||
(6
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232872FFC6FE6BB4915BD7F6BF" bold="true" box="[420,430,1420,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">‡</emphasis>
|
||||
55’N, 68
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232872FFC6FDC2B491586EF6BF" bold="true" box="[525,535,1420,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">‡</emphasis>
|
||||
17’W),
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<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FDA6B49158A7F6BF" box="[617,734,1420,1444]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="C2902B6C2872FFC6FD25B4915E74F6DF" collectionCode="MNHNP" collectorName="O'Dent" country="France" location="Boccal" municipality="Boccal" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="64FEEAB82872FFC6FD25B491595BF6BF" box="[746,802,1420,1444]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||||
, coll.
|
||||
<collectorName id="DF0D44E72872FFC6FCAAB49159C2F6BF" box="[869,955,1420,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">O’Dent</collectorName>
|
||||
, 1905 (Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
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||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FD81B4B158D9F6DF" box="[590,672,1452,1476]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="14E9B9F42872FFC6FD60B4B15962F6DF" box="[687,795,1452,1476]" collectionName="MNHNP" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">MNHNP</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="9223BB4B2872FFC6FCE9B4B1590FF6DF" box="[806,886,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Boccal</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
: 288 No. 77)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3AE272BA2872FFC7FF0DB4D15878F5D9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="2307" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312872FFC7FF0DB4D15878F5D9" blockId="2.[154,1111,1356,1732]" lastBlockId="3.[159,513,1706,1730]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="2307" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232872FFC6FF0DB4D15B54F6FF" box="[194,301,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||||
The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932872FFC6FEBAB4D15BA0F6FF" box="[373,473,1484,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
as described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02872FFC6FD7EB4D15907F6FF" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[689,894,1484,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref3321" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1896, Descrizione di una nuova specie di Gordio del Basso Beni (Bolivia) raccolta dal Prof. L. Balzan, Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 16, 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1896">Camerano (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
from Basso
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B03CEFD32872FFC6FBECB4D15E2FF6FF" box="[1059,1110,1484,1508]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FF6DB4F15A81F51F" box="[162,248,1516,1540]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), a female collected by L. Balzan, cannot be located in the collection of the Museum Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Also, the male from Borba, Madeira River, Amazonas,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FE22B731584AF55F" box="[493,563,1580,1604]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, a male collected by Parko in 1943 (Museu Nacional,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B03CEFD32872FFC6FED9B7515BB0F57F" box="[278,457,1612,1636]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FE15B7515866F57F" box="[474,543,1612,1636]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) seen by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02872FFC6FD57B751592CF57F" author="CARVALHO, J. C." box="[664,853,1612,1636]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3455" refString="CARVALHO, J. C., 1946, Gordiaceos do Museu de Historia Natural de Montevideo, Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 2 (32), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1946">Carvalho (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and the female from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FF55B7715B63F59F" box="[154,282,1644,1668]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FEE2B7715BDBF59F" box="[301,418,1644,1668]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, collected by Villa in 1946 (Museo del Instituto Miguel Lillo,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B03CEFD32872FFC6FF25B7915B23F5BF" box="[234,346,1676,1700]" country="Argentina" name="Tucuman" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Tucuman</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12872FFC6FEBEB7915B9FF5BF" box="[369,486,1676,1700]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="2306">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, No. 66) and referred to by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02872FFC6FCA7B7915A9DF5DF" author="CARVALHO, J. C. & FEIO, J. L." pageId="2" pageNumber="2306" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref3492" refString="CARVALHO, J. C. and FEIO, J. L., 1950, Sobre alguns Gordiaceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 22, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1950">Carvalho and Feio (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, cannot be found in the respective institutions. Unfortunately, they all seem to be lost. As a result of the detailed re-description of the species presented here we have erected a
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932873FFC7FE78B7785868F566" box="[439,529,1637,1661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2307" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
in order to fix the name to this taxon. Thus, the only material available for SEM preparation of the cuticle are the specimens from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12873FFC7FF2DB7B75B3FF5D9" box="[226,326,1706,1730]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="2307">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12873FFC7FE49B7B75B84F5D9" box="[390,509,1706,1730]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="2307">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="268771B92873FFC7FF50B47D5B10F6E1" pageId="3" pageNumber="2307" startId="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" targetBox="[159,1116,170,1337]" targetPageId="3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312873FFC7FF50B47D5B10F6E1" blockId="3.[159,1116,1376,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2307">
|
||||
FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22873FFC7FE4EB47D5842F66E" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[385,571,1376,1397]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="2307" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232873FFC7FE4EB47D5842F66E" box="[385,571,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2307">Chordodes balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232873FFC7FC36B4D75E7FF6C4" box="[1017,1030,1482,1503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2307">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m (1, 4); 10
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232873FFC7FECFB4F85B74F6E1" box="[256,269,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2307">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m (2, 3).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="268771B92874FFC0FF55B4EE5B1DF5D8" pageId="4" pageNumber="2308" startId="4.[154,170,1523,1545]" targetBox="[158,1107,170,1485]" targetPageId="4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312874FFC0FF55B4EE5B1DF5D8" blockId="4.[154,1111,1523,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2308">
|
||||
FIGs. 5–8. SEMs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22874FFC0FE4EB4EE5846F513" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[385,575,1523,1544]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="2308" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232874FFC0FE4EB4EE5846F513" box="[385,575,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2308">Chordodes balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
male from Trinidad. (5) General dorsal view of mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 3 and 4. Note that type 2 areoles are always arranged in pairs. (6) Areolar clusters with types 3 and 4. (7) Longitudinal ventral groove, clusters of areoles of type 5 (black arrow) are distributed along each side of the ventral midline. (8) Areolar types 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scattered tubercles occur between areole types 5 and 6 and minute bristles can be seen on the surface of areole type 6. Bars: 100
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232874FFC0FC21B78E5982F5B3" box="[1006,1019,1683,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2308">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m (5, 7); 10
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232874FFC0FF34B7B05B71F5D9" box="[251,264,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2308">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m (6, 8).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="268771B92875FFC1FF50B4B259B3F52B" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309" startId="5.[159,175,1455,1477]" targetBox="[159,1116,170,1417]" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312875FFC1FF50B4B259B3F52B" blockId="5.[159,1116,1455,1584]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309">
|
||||
FIGs. 9–11. SEMs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22875FFC1FE47B4AD5838F6DE" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[392,577,1456,1477]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232875FFC1FE47B4AD5838F6DE" box="[392,577,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309">Chordodes balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
female from Trinidad. (9) Anterior end with mouth opening surrounded by papular structures (black arrow). (10) Longitudinal ventral groove with clusters of areoles of types 3 and 5 (black arrow) distributed along each side of the ventral midline, areole type 5 with long filaments. (11) Areolar cluster of types 3 and 5 surrounded by type 6. Bars: 10
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232875FFC1FD04B70758A1F534" box="[715,728,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m (9); 100
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232875FFC1FC86B707592FF534" box="[841,854,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m (10, 11).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3AE272BA2875FFC1FF08B7775BB9F5DF" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312875FFC1FF08B7775BB9F5DF" blockId="5.[159,1116,1641,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232875FFC1FF08B7775B7CF599" box="[199,261,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309">Host.</emphasis>
|
||||
Final instar nymph of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22875FFC1FDD1B7775906F59A" authority="(Erichson)" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[542,895,1641,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Eublaberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232875FFC1FDD1B7775884F599" box="[542,765,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309">Eublaberus posticus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Erichson)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Dictyoptera,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22875FFC1FBE2B7745A8DF5B9" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Blaberidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) collected from surface of bat guano from which the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22875FFC1FCB4B7975988F5B9" authorityName="Creplin" authorityYear="1874" box="[891,1009,1674,1698]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232875FFC1FCB4B7975988F5B9" box="[891,1009,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2309">Chordodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
emerged subsequent to collection.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3AE272BA2876FFC3FF55B1B3583CF165" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="2311" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312876FFC2FF55B1B3585DF3DD" blockId="6.[154,1111,174,1333]" box="[154,548,174,198]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FF55B1B3585DF3DD" box="[154,548,174,198]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">
|
||||
Description of male from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12876FFC2FE0BB1B3585DF3DD" box="[452,548,174,198]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312876FFC2FF0DB1D05818F2F2" blockId="6.[154,1111,174,1333]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">
|
||||
Length
|
||||
<quantity id="B5008CD42876FFC2FEEAB1D05BF9F3FE" box="[293,384,205,229]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310" unit="mm" value="324.0">324 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; diameter
|
||||
<quantity id="B5008CD42876FFC2FDC4B1D05819F3FE" box="[523,608,205,229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Anterior end tapered, mouth terminal. Ventral side marked by a darkly pigmented line. Posterior end rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FC3DB1F35E3FF21D" box="[1010,1094,238,262]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-48@3.[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of Chordodes balzani, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100 Mm (1, 4); 10 Mm (2, 3)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Cloacal opening subterminal, oval (61.1
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FD48B01358EFF23D" box="[647,662,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m long627.7
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FCF3B0135932F23D" box="[828,843,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m wide) with circumcloacal spines, and situated ventrally at 190
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FD42B03258E5F25C" box="[653,668,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m distant from the posterior margin of the body. Anterolateral of the cloacal opening are paired regions in which numerous bristles are located (bristlefields). These bristles are maximally 18
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FBFDB06D5E38F293" box="[1074,1089,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m long, the majority unbranched, but a few are branched apically (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FC48B08D59A7F2B3" box="[903,990,400,424]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-48@3.[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of Chordodes balzani, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100 Mm (1, 4); 10 Mm (2, 3)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Anterior and posterior region of the cloacal opening covered with short spines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FC71B0AC5E6BF2D2" box="[958,1042,433,457]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-48@3.[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of Chordodes balzani, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100 Mm (1, 4); 10 Mm (2, 3)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The body colour is uniformly black-brown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312876FFC2FF0DB0EC586BF1B0" blockId="6.[154,1111,174,1333]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">
|
||||
The cuticle shows variation along the length of the body. In the anterior region, close to the mouth, there is only a single
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FD66B30C58A0F132" box="[681,729,529,553]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
of areole, rounded, 3.5–5.6
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FBFDB30F5E38F131" box="[1074,1089,530,554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m diameter and 4.9–5.3
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FE53B32F5BD2F151" box="[412,427,562,586]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m high (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FDD7B32F5814F151" box="[536,621,562,586]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-48@3.[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of Chordodes balzani, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100 Mm (1, 4); 10 Mm (2, 3)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The apical surface of these areoles is smooth or bears fine tubercles. The inter-areolar space is narrow, 1.4
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FC29B34E598CF170" box="[998,1013,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m, from which occasional apically rounded tubercles protrude, some of them up to 9.1
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FBFDB36E5E38F190" box="[1074,1089,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m high and others slightly shorter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312876FFC2FF0DB3AE59A0F62F" blockId="6.[154,1111,174,1333]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">
|
||||
In the medium region of the body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FD94B3AE58C5F1D0" box="[603,700,691,715]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-48@3.[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of Chordodes balzani, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100 Mm (1, 4); 10 Mm (2, 3)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FD06B3AE58AEF1D0" box="[713,727,691,715]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="4.[154,170,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGs. 5–8. SEMs of Chordodes balzani male from Trinidad. (5) General dorsal view of mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 3 and 4. Note that type 2 areoles are always arranged in pairs. (6) Areolar clusters with types 3 and 4. (7) Longitudinal ventral groove, clusters of areoles of type 5 (black arrow) are distributed along each side of the ventral midline. (8) Areolar types 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scattered tubercles occur between areole types 5 and 6 and minute bristles can be seen on the surface of areole type 6. Bars: 100 Mm (5, 7); 10 Mm (6, 8)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
) the cuticle contains six different
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FF55B3C95AACF1F7" box="[154,213,724,748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
of areole which are numbered consecutively for the purpose of description and orientation. The most abundant are oval or rounded areoles (
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FC55B3E959B5F017" box="[922,972,756,780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
1,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FC3CB3E95E2BF017" box="[1011,1106,756,780]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-48@3.[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of Chordodes balzani, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100 Mm (1, 4); 10 Mm (2, 3)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FF55B2085AD0F036" box="[154,169,789,813]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="4.[154,170,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGs. 5–8. SEMs of Chordodes balzani male from Trinidad. (5) General dorsal view of mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 3 and 4. Note that type 2 areoles are always arranged in pairs. (6) Areolar clusters with types 3 and 4. (7) Longitudinal ventral groove, clusters of areoles of type 5 (black arrow) are distributed along each side of the ventral midline. (8) Areolar types 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scattered tubercles occur between areole types 5 and 6 and minute bristles can be seen on the surface of areole type 6. Bars: 100 Mm (5, 7); 10 Mm (6, 8)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the same as those at the anterior end. Similarly, between these
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FC7CB208599AF036" box="[947,995,789,813]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
1 areoles there are scattered apically rounded tubercles (13.3
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FD2AB228588DF056" box="[741,756,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m high). Among
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FC76B2285990F056" box="[953,1001,821,845]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
1 areoles occur
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FF2CB24B5B6AF075" box="[227,275,854,878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
2 areoles, which are higher than
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FD6CB24B58AAF075" box="[675,723,854,878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
1 (15.5
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FCFDB24B5938F075" box="[818,833,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m), pyramidal and with small hyaline projections at the top (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FDF3B26B58EBF095" box="[572,658,886,910]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-48@3.[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of Chordodes balzani, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100 Mm (1, 4); 10 Mm (2, 3)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Seen directly from above these can be seen to be arranged in pairs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FE3DB28A5831F0B4" box="[498,584,919,943]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="4.[154,170,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGs. 5–8. SEMs of Chordodes balzani male from Trinidad. (5) General dorsal view of mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 3 and 4. Note that type 2 areoles are always arranged in pairs. (6) Areolar clusters with types 3 and 4. (7) Longitudinal ventral groove, clusters of areoles of type 5 (black arrow) are distributed along each side of the ventral midline. (8) Areolar types 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scattered tubercles occur between areole types 5 and 6 and minute bristles can be seen on the surface of areole type 6. Bars: 100 Mm (5, 7); 10 Mm (6, 8)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The third areolar
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FCFCB28A591AF0B4" box="[819,867,919,943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FCBAB28A5996F0B4" box="[885,1007,919,943]" captionStart-0="FIGs" captionStart-1="FIGs" captionStartId-0="3.[159,175,1376,1398]" captionStartId-1="4.[154,170,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetId-0="figure-48@3.[159,1116,170,1337]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@4.[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGs. 1–4. SEMs of Chordodes balzani, male specimen from Trinidad. (1) Ventral view of the posterior end. Note the cloacal opening (co) with circum-cloacal bristles and bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening (black arrow). (2) Higher magnification of the bristlefields (black arrow). (3) Cuticle of the anterior end. (4) Mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and cluster containing types 3 and 4. Bars: 100 Mm (1, 4); 10 Mm (2, 3)." captionText-1="FIGs. 5–8. SEMs of Chordodes balzani male from Trinidad. (5) General dorsal view of mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 3 and 4. Note that type 2 areoles are always arranged in pairs. (6) Areolar clusters with types 3 and 4. (7) Longitudinal ventral groove, clusters of areoles of type 5 (black arrow) are distributed along each side of the ventral midline. (8) Areolar types 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scattered tubercles occur between areole types 5 and 6 and minute bristles can be seen on the surface of areole type 6. Bars: 100 Mm (5, 7); 10 Mm (6, 8)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figures 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is more elevated than the first two (18.9–19.9
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FD9FB2AA5826F0D4" box="[592,607,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m), being conical and with a ring of short, sharp bristles at the apex. These occur in clusters of from 19 to 23 areoles that surround areoles of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FE4FB2E55BC9F70B" box="[384,432,1016,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FE1BB2E55852F70B" box="[468,555,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="4.[154,170,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGs. 5–8. SEMs of Chordodes balzani male from Trinidad. (5) General dorsal view of mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 3 and 4. Note that type 2 areoles are always arranged in pairs. (6) Areolar clusters with types 3 and 4. (7) Longitudinal ventral groove, clusters of areoles of type 5 (black arrow) are distributed along each side of the ventral midline. (8) Areolar types 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scattered tubercles occur between areole types 5 and 6 and minute bristles can be seen on the surface of areole type 6. Bars: 100 Mm (5, 7); 10 Mm (6, 8)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Areoles of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FD73B2E55895F70B" box="[700,748,1016,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
4 always occur in pairs and are not as high as
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FE86B5045B00F72A" box="[329,377,1049,1073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
3 (15.9–16.2
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FDDBB504585AF72A" box="[532,547,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m), with moderately short filaments at the apex. These are the so-called crowned areoles. In the longitudinal ventral groove in the cuticle (arrowed in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FEB8B5475BB3F769" box="[375,458,1114,1138]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="4.[154,170,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGs. 5–8. SEMs of Chordodes balzani male from Trinidad. (5) General dorsal view of mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 3 and 4. Note that type 2 areoles are always arranged in pairs. (6) Areolar clusters with types 3 and 4. (7) Longitudinal ventral groove, clusters of areoles of type 5 (black arrow) are distributed along each side of the ventral midline. (8) Areolar types 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scattered tubercles occur between areole types 5 and 6 and minute bristles can be seen on the surface of areole type 6. Bars: 100 Mm (5, 7); 10 Mm (6, 8)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
) there are two further
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FD1FB5475972F769" box="[720,779,1114,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
of areole (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FC49B54759A5F769" box="[902,988,1114,1138]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="4.[154,170,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[158,1107,170,1485]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGs. 5–8. SEMs of Chordodes balzani male from Trinidad. (5) General dorsal view of mid-body cuticle with areolar types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 3 and 4. Note that type 2 areoles are always arranged in pairs. (6) Areolar clusters with types 3 and 4. (7) Longitudinal ventral groove, clusters of areoles of type 5 (black arrow) are distributed along each side of the ventral midline. (8) Areolar types 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scattered tubercles occur between areole types 5 and 6 and minute bristles can be seen on the surface of areole type 6. Bars: 100 Mm (5, 7); 10 Mm (6, 8)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FBE9B5475E2FF769" box="[1062,1110,1114,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
5 areole in the ventral groove forms clusters numbering from 12 to 15 areoles, and are rounded (9
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FE86B5865B21F7A8" box="[329,344,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m in diameter) with an irregular, granular surface. Their surface is covered by numerous blunt bristles (length: 5.2
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FD0CB5A658ABF7C8" box="[707,722,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FCCDB5A65942F7C8" box="[770,827,1211,1235]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
6 areoles are abundant, short, with ill-defined borders, and in some cases they appear to be more like cuticular creases than areoles. Amongst these
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FD72B5E15894F60F" box="[701,749,1276,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
5 and 6 areoles a quantity of elongated tubercles (9.2
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FE7EB4005BB9F62E" box="[433,448,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m) with a moderately sharp apex are located.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312876FFC2FF55B475584EF69B" blockId="6.[154,1111,1384,1732]" box="[154,567,1384,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232876FFC2FF55B475584EF69B" box="[154,567,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">
|
||||
Description of female from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12876FFC2FE17B475584EF69B" box="[472,567,1384,1408]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312876FFC3FF0DB4955831F2B4" blockId="6.[154,1111,1384,1732]" lastBlockId="7.[159,1116,173,431]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="2311" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">
|
||||
Length
|
||||
<quantity id="B5008CD42876FFC2FED1B4955B00F6BB" box="[286,377,1416,1440]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310" unit="mm" value="380.0">380 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; diameter
|
||||
<quantity id="B5008CD42876FFC2FE38B4955835F6BB" box="[503,588,1416,1440]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The anterior end is tapered and the mouth aperture (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FEC5B4B45B26F6DA" box="[266,351,1449,1473]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="5.[159,175,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGs. 9–11. SEMs of Chordodes balzani female from Trinidad. (9) Anterior end with mouth opening surrounded by papular structures (black arrow). (10) Longitudinal ventral groove with clusters of areoles of types 3 and 5 (black arrow) distributed along each side of the ventral midline, areole type 5 with long filaments. (11) Areolar cluster of types 3 and 5 surrounded by type 6. Bars: 10 Mm (9); 100 Mm (10, 11)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is terminal, lined by papular structures. The cuticle immediately surrounding the mouth has irregular folded ridges in a radial pattern. The cloacal opening is situated terminally at the posterior end. The body colour is uniformly blackish brown as in the male. Ventral, dorsal and lateral grooves are clearly visible. The cuticle shows, as in the male, surface variations in the different regions of the body. At the anterior end the cuticle has a crinkly appearance (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FC1FB7565E5FF578" box="[976,1062,1611,1635]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="5.[159,175,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGs. 9–11. SEMs of Chordodes balzani female from Trinidad. (9) Anterior end with mouth opening surrounded by papular structures (black arrow). (10) Longitudinal ventral groove with clusters of areoles of types 3 and 5 (black arrow) distributed along each side of the ventral midline, areole type 5 with long filaments. (11) Areolar cluster of types 3 and 5 surrounded by type 6. Bars: 10 Mm (9); 100 Mm (10, 11)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In the mid-body region there are
|
||||
<specimenCount id="64FEEAB82876FFC2FE37B7765823F598" box="[504,602,1643,1667]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310" type="generic" typeStatus="types">six types</specimenCount>
|
||||
of areoles.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FD2FB776595DF598" box="[736,804,1643,1667]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">Types</typeStatus>
|
||||
1 and 2 are the same as in the male. Female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FEA0B7915BE6F5BF" box="[367,415,1676,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
3 areoles are distributed as in the male but they exhibit a scaly surface with no bristles at the apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42876FFC2FD4AB7B15890F5DF" box="[645,745,1708,1732]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="5.[159,175,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGs. 9–11. SEMs of Chordodes balzani female from Trinidad. (9) Anterior end with mouth opening surrounded by papular structures (black arrow). (10) Longitudinal ventral groove with clusters of areoles of types 3 and 5 (black arrow) distributed along each side of the ventral midline, areole type 5 with long filaments. (11) Areolar cluster of types 3 and 5 surrounded by type 6. Bars: 10 Mm (9); 100 Mm (10, 11)." pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Areole
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932876FFC2FC9AB7B159E9F5DF" box="[853,912,1708,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2310">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
4 and 5 are also different from the male. Female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FDE4B1B05822F3DE" box="[555,603,173,197]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
4 crown areoles, with short filaments, are distributed along almost all of the body and are similar to the crown areoles of the male. Female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FE86B1ED5B00F213" box="[329,377,240,264]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
5 crown areoles have long filaments, about 280
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FC0DB1ED59A8F213" box="[962,977,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">M</emphasis>
|
||||
m in length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42877FFC3FF68B00C5B71F232" box="[167,264,273,297]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="5.[159,175,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGs. 9–11. SEMs of Chordodes balzani female from Trinidad. (9) Anterior end with mouth opening surrounded by papular structures (black arrow). (10) Longitudinal ventral groove with clusters of areoles of types 3 and 5 (black arrow) distributed along each side of the ventral midline, areole type 5 with long filaments. (11) Areolar cluster of types 3 and 5 surrounded by type 6. Bars: 10 Mm (9); 100 Mm (10, 11)." pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
) which are also paired and occur in rows along the ventral and dorsal midline. Both these kinds of crowned areoles in the females are surrounded by
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FBE4B02E5E22F250" box="[1067,1115,307,331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
3 areoles forming areolar groups. The cuticle is densely covered by
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FC74B0495992F277" box="[955,1003,340,364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
6 areoles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAC33DB42877FFC3FF68B0685B3FF296" box="[167,326,373,397]" captionStart="FIGs" captionStartId="5.[159,175,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[159,1116,170,1417]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGs. 9–11. SEMs of Chordodes balzani female from Trinidad. (9) Anterior end with mouth opening surrounded by papular structures (black arrow). (10) Longitudinal ventral groove with clusters of areoles of types 3 and 5 (black arrow) distributed along each side of the ventral midline, areole type 5 with long filaments. (11) Areolar cluster of types 3 and 5 surrounded by type 6. Bars: 10 Mm (9); 100 Mm (10, 11)." pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">figures 10, 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
) which have a rugose appearance; among them rounded-apex tubercles can be found occasionally.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312877FFC3FF50B0FE584AF2E0" blockId="7.[159,1116,483,638]" box="[159,563,483,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FF50B0FE584AF2E0" box="[159,563,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">
|
||||
The male specimen from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12877FFC3FE0DB0FE584AF2E0" box="[450,563,483,507]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312877FFC3FF08B31F583CF165" blockId="7.[159,1116,483,638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">
|
||||
Length,
|
||||
<quantity id="B5008CD42877FFC3FEE4B31F5BFFF101" box="[299,390,514,538]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" unit="mm" value="335.0">335 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; diameter,
|
||||
<quantity id="B5008CD42877FFC3FDC2B31F581BF101" box="[525,610,514,538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Body colour is brown. The posterior end and the cuticle show the same features as the male from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12877FFC3FC8DB33E59D3F120" box="[834,938,547,571]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. This specimen was determined by Dorier in 1905 as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FD84B3585890F146" box="[587,745,581,605]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FD84B35858B8F146" box="[587,705,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">Chordodes</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(on a manuscript label) but was not cited in any of his publications.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3AE272BA2877FFCCFF50B3BB5E2EF0D6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="2312" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312877FFC3FF50B3BB5B6DF1A5" blockId="7.[159,276,678,702]" box="[159,276,678,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">
|
||||
<heading id="290F965D2877FFC3FF50B3BB5B6DF1A5" box="[159,276,678,702]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FF50B3BB5B6DF1A5" bold="true" box="[159,276,678,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312877FFC3FF08B3DB5B35F62D" blockId="7.[159,1116,710,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">
|
||||
In the original description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FDE9B3DB58E3F1C5" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[550,666,710,734]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FDE9B3DB58E3F1C5" box="[550,666,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on a female,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FC5CB3DB5E25F1C5" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[915,1116,710,734]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref3321" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1896, Descrizione di una nuova specie di Gordio del Basso Beni (Bolivia) raccolta dal Prof. L. Balzan, Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 16, 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1896">Camerano (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the cuticle as having three areolar
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FD6DB3FA5899F1E4" box="[674,736,743,767]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
, corresponding with our
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FBCBB3FA5E46F1E4" box="[1028,1087,743,767]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
1, 3 and 4, detailed above. He later described and illustrated (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FC5FB2145E21F03A" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[912,1112,777,801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="339 - 419" refId="ref3365" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1897, Monografia dei Gordii, Memoria della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 47, 339 - 419." type="journal article" year="1897">Camerano, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figure 20, 20a, 20b) darker pairs of areoles, some of them surrounding a tubercle, located among (our)
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FE5AB2565BBCF078" box="[405,453,843,867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
1 areoles without considering them structurally different from any of the others. These pairs of areoles correspond with our
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FC7AB271599CF09F" box="[949,997,876,900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
2 areoles.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FF50B2935BA8F0BD" author="CARVALHO, J. C. & FEIO, J. L." box="[159,465,910,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref3492" refString="CARVALHO, J. C. and FEIO, J. L., 1950, Sobre alguns Gordiaceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 22, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1950">Carvalho and Feio (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described a male and a female as having four areolar
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FF50B2B25AA4F0DC" box="[159,221,943,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FF26B2B25BC9F0DC" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[233,432,943,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="339 - 419" refId="ref3365" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1897, Monografia dei Gordii, Memoria della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 47, 339 - 419." type="journal article" year="1897">Camerano (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FE25B2B2596BF0DC" author="CARVALHO, J. C. & FEIO, J. L." box="[490,786,943,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref3492" refString="CARVALHO, J. C. and FEIO, J. L., 1950, Sobre alguns Gordiaceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 22, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1950">Carvalho and Feio (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described, in females, crown areoles with long filaments (our
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FDC1B2CC5847F0F2" box="[526,574,977,1001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
5) located in the dorsal groove as well as in the dorsal and ventral one. They did not distinguish the other crown areoles with short filaments distributed over the cuticle (our
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FD49B50E58CFF730" box="[646,694,1043,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
4) as described here in the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12877FFC3FC37B50E5E25F730" box="[1016,1116,1043,1067]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
female. Similarly, detail of these cuticular features of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FCCFB5285908F756" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[768,881,1077,1101]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FCCFB5285908F756" box="[768,881,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were not mentioned by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FF09B54B5BF1F775" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[198,392,1110,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref3321" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1896, Descrizione di una nuova specie di Gordio del Basso Beni (Bolivia) raccolta dal Prof. L. Balzan, Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 16, 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1896">Camerano (1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FE59B54B5BB5F775" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[406,460,1110,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="339 - 419" refId="ref3365" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1897, Monografia dei Gordii, Memoria della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 47, 339 - 419." type="journal article" year="1897">1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) or
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FDCDB54B594AF775" author="CARVALHO, J. C. & FEIO, J. L." box="[514,819,1110,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref3492" refString="CARVALHO, J. C. and FEIO, J. L., 1950, Sobre alguns Gordiaceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 22, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1950">Carvalho and Feio (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Analysis by SEM shows with more precision the cuticular variation between different regions of the body and between the areoles themselves which enables us to increase the number of recognizable areolar
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FE5FB5A75BB2F7C9" box="[400,459,1210,1234]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
to six. The male and the female specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FC26B5A75E22F7C9" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[1001,1115,1210,1234]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FC26B5A75E22F7C9" box="[1001,1115,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differ in some respects from each other. Although
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FCC7B5C6593AF7E8" box="[776,835,1243,1267]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
1, 2 and 4 areoles are similar in both sexes and
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FE08B5E15B8EF60F" box="[455,503,1276,1300]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
3 shows a slight difference,
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AD439F932877FFC3FCF1B5E15900F60F" box="[830,889,1276,1300]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
5 and 6 areoles are quite different.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312877FFCCFF08B4235828F3FD" blockId="7.[159,1116,710,1732]" lastBlockId="8.[154,1111,173,973]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="2312" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">
|
||||
The presence of crown areoles with long filaments limited to the lateral groove in females has been mentioned for other South American species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FC73B4425A9AF683" authority="Janda" authorityName="Janda" authorityYear="1893" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FC73B4425E22F66C" box="[956,1115,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Janda
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FEFBB49D5BB2F683" author="JANDA, J." box="[308,459,1408,1432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" refId="ref3681" refString="JANDA, J., 1894, Beitrage zur Systematik der Gordiiden. I. Die Gordiiden Galiziens. II Ubers" type="book" year="1894">Janda, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FE2DB49D58D5F683" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[482,684,1408,1432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="339 - 419" refId="ref3365" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1897, Monografia dei Gordii, Memoria della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 47, 339 - 419." type="journal article" year="1897">Camerano, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FD0BB49D59F8F683" author="CARVALHO, J. C." box="[708,897,1408,1432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3455" refString="CARVALHO, J. C., 1946, Gordiaceos do Museu de Historia Natural de Montevideo, Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 2 (32), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1946">Carvalho, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FC6EB49C5BAAF6A1" authority="(Carvalho and Feio, 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Carvalho and Feio" baseAuthorityYear="1950" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="carmelitanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FC6EB49C5E25F682" box="[929,1116,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. carmelitanus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FF68B4BF5BB2F6A1" author="CARVALHO, J. C. & FEIO, J. L." box="[167,459,1442,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref3492" refString="CARVALHO, J. C. and FEIO, J. L., 1950, Sobre alguns Gordiaceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 22, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1950">Carvalho and Feio, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FE2FB4BF59E2F6A1" authority="Carvalho and Feio, 1950" authorityName="Carvalho and Feio" authorityYear="1950" box="[480,923,1442,1466]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="staviarskii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FE2FB4BF580CF6A1" box="[480,629,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. staviarskii</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FDB2B4BF59E2F6A1" author="CARVALHO, J. C. & FEIO, J. L." box="[637,923,1442,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref3492" refString="CARVALHO, J. C. and FEIO, J. L., 1950, Sobre alguns Gordiaceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 22, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1950">Carvalho and Feio, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FC17B4BF5E25F6A1" baseAuthorityName="Camerano" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[984,1116,1442,1466]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="peraccae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FC17B4BF5E25F6A1" box="[984,1116,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. peraccae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FF14B4DE581FF6C0" author="DE VILLALOBOS, C. & ZANCA, F." box="[219,614,1475,1499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="117 - 125" refId="ref3632" refString="DE VILLALOBOS, C. and ZANCA, F., 2001, Scanning electron microscopy and intraspecific variation of Chordodes festae Camerano, 1897 and C. peraccae (Camerano, 1894) (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea), Systematic Parasitology, 50, 117 - 125." type="journal article" year="2001">De Villalobos and Zanca, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This particular feature in females was considered to be a sexual dimorphism by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FD04B4F959E9F6E7" author="CARVALHO, J. C." box="[715,912,1508,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3455" refString="CARVALHO, J. C., 1946, Gordiaceos do Museu de Historia Natural de Montevideo, Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 2 (32), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1946">Carvalho (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FF50B71B5B3CF505" authorityName="Janda" authorityYear="1893" box="[159,325,1542,1566]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FF50B71B5B3CF505" box="[159,325,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FE0CB71B58EAF505" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[451,659,1542,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="339 - 419" refId="ref3365" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1897, Monografia dei Gordii, Memoria della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 47, 339 - 419." type="journal article" year="1897">Camerano (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02877FFC3FD2DB71B5E51F505" author="CARVALHO, J. C. & FEIO, J. L." box="[738,1064,1542,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref3492" refString="CARVALHO, J. C. and FEIO, J. L., 1950, Sobre alguns Gordiaceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 22, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1950">Carvalho and Feio (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FF50B73A5B6EF524" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[159,279,1575,1599]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FF50B73A5B6EF524" box="[159,279,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Nevertheless, Schmidt-Rhaesa (2002) observes crowned areoles with long filaments, along the ventral and dorsal midline, and crown areoles with short filaments over the cuticle in both male and female specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22877FFC3FC7AB7775BDDF5B8" authority="Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2002" authorityName="Schmidt-Rhaesa" authorityYear="2002" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="queenslandi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232877FFC3FC7AB7775E25F599" box="[949,1116,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">C. queenslandi</emphasis>
|
||||
Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2002
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12877FFC3FE38B796581DF5B8" box="[503,612,1675,1699]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="2311">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Although more studies are necessary on both sexes of other species of this genus in the Neotropical Region, sexual dimorphism appears to be a consistent feature of the species examined so far from the neotropics with modern methods.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312878FFCCFF0DB1F35E2EF2D3" blockId="8.[154,1111,173,973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">
|
||||
At the posterior end of the male, the occurrence of the paired bristlefields anterolateral of the cloacal opening has been recorded in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFCE7B0135BF9F25D" authority="(De Villalobos and Miralles, 1997)" baseAuthorityName="De Villalobos and Miralles" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="matensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFCE7B01359D0F23D" box="[808,937,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. matensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFC76B0135B01F25D" author="DE VILLALOBOS, C. & MIRALLES, D. DE" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="45 - 51" refId="ref3580" refString="DE VILLALOBOS, C. and MIRALLES, D. DE, 1997, Una nueva especie de Chordodes (Gordiaceo Nematomorpha) parasita de Blaptica sp. (Blaberidae, Blataria), Comunicaciones dei Musei e Ciencias y tecnologia. Pontificia Universidade Catolica, 10, 45 - 51." type="journal article" year="1997">De Villalobos and Miralles, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFE5FB03259D5F25D" authority="(De Villalobos and Camino, 1999)" baseAuthorityName="De Villalobos and Camino" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[400,940,302,327]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFE5FB0325870F25C" box="[400,521,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFDD3B03359DDF25D" author="DE VILLALOBOS, C. & CAMINO, N." box="[540,932,302,326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="71 - 76" refId="ref3536" refString="DE VILLALOBOS, C. and CAMINO, N., 1999, Dos nuevas especies de Gordiaceos (Nematomorpha), parasitos de Stagmatoptera hyaloptera (Mantiidae) en la Argentina, Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 86, 71 - 76." type="journal article" year="1999">De Villalobos and Camino, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFC74B0325B88F27C" authority="(De Villalobos and Zanca, 2001)" baseAuthorityName="De Villalobos and Zanca" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="festae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFC74B0325E58F25C" box="[955,1057,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. festae</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFBFBB0335B90F27C" author="DE VILLALOBOS, C. & ZANCA, F." pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="117 - 125" refId="ref3632" refString="DE VILLALOBOS, C. and ZANCA, F., 2001, Scanning electron microscopy and intraspecific variation of Chordodes festae Camerano, 1897 and C. peraccae (Camerano, 1894) (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea), Systematic Parasitology, 50, 117 - 125." type="journal article" year="2001">De Villalobos and Zanca, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from South America, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFC85B052598AF27C" authorityName="Schmidt-Rhaesa" authorityYear="2002" box="[842,1011,335,359]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="queenslandi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFC85B052598AF27C" box="[842,1011,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. queenslandi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFBF3B0525873F29C" authority="Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2002" authorityName="Schmidt-Rhaesa" authorityYear="2002" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="brevipilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFBF3B0525B7AF29C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. brevipilus</emphasis>
|
||||
Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2002
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12878FFCCFD9EB07258C7F29C" box="[593,702,367,391]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. This feature occurs in a number of other nematomorphan genera such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFD93B08D5E2AF2BC" authority="(Schmidt-Rhaesa et al., 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt-Rhaesa" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[604,1107,399,424]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFD93B08D5897F2B3" box="[604,750,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Beatogordius</emphasis>
|
||||
(Schmidt-Rhaesa
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFC0AB08D5981F2B3" box="[965,1016,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
., 2002)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFF55B0AD5B5EF2D3" authorityName="Heinze" authorityYear="1937" box="[154,295,432,456]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Euchordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFF55B0AD5B5EF2D3" box="[154,295,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Euchordodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFEF9B0AD5BDEF2D3" box="[310,423,432,456]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Gordionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFEF9B0AD5BDEF2D3" box="[310,423,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Gordionus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFE79B0AD5822F2D3" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1897" box="[438,603,432,456]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Parachordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFE79B0AD5822F2D3" box="[438,603,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Parachordodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFD5AB0AD5E2AF2D3" authority="(Schmidt-Rhaesa, 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt-Rhaesa" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[661,1107,432,456]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Paragordionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFD5AB0AD594EF2D3" box="[661,823,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Paragordionus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Schmidt-Rhaesa, 1997)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312878FFCCFF0DB0CD5A98F077" blockId="8.[154,1111,173,973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">
|
||||
The cockroach host species (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFDD4B0CD5883F2F3" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[539,762,464,488]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Eublaberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFDD4B0CD5883F2F3" box="[539,762,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Eublaberus posticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFCACB0CD59A1F2F3" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[867,984,464,488]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFCACB0CD59A1F2F3" box="[867,984,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12878FFCCFF12B0ED5B38F113" box="[221,321,496,520]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
has not been recorded previously, as specimens have usually been found in their free-living state. It is important to note that in spite of the usual relationship between the gordiids of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFD15B32C5929F152" authorityName="Creplin" authorityYear="1874" box="[730,848,561,585]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFD15B32C5929F152" box="[730,848,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Chordodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and praying mantids (Schmidt-Rhaesa and Ehrmann, 2001), there are records of four species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFF55B36F5B69F191" authorityName="Creplin" authorityYear="1874" box="[154,272,626,650]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFF55B36F5B69F191" box="[154,272,626,650]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Chordodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known to be parasites of cockroaches (see Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2001; Schmidt-Rhaesa and Ehrmann, 2001). Of these three are South American
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFBF3B38F5A80F1D0" baseAuthorityName="De Villalobos and Miralles" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="matensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFBF3B38F5A80F1D0" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. matensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFEEBB3AE5BD2F1D1" box="[292,427,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Blaptica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFEEBB3AE5BF9F1D0" box="[292,384,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Blaptica</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFE72B3AF593CF1D1" author="DE VILLALOBOS, C. & MIRALLES, D. DE" box="[445,837,690,714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="45 - 51" refId="ref3580" refString="DE VILLALOBOS, C. and MIRALLES, D. DE, 1997, Una nueva especie de Chordodes (Gordiaceo Nematomorpha) parasita de Blaptica sp. (Blaberidae, Blataria), Comunicaciones dei Musei e Ciencias y tecnologia. Pontificia Universidade Catolica, 10, 45 - 51." type="journal article" year="1997">De Villalobos and Miralles, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFC94B3AE5AA1F1F0" authority="(Carvalho, 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Carvalho" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="moraisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFC94B3AE59ABF1D0" box="[859,978,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. moraisi</emphasis>
|
||||
(Carvalho, 1943)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFEC3B3CE5926F1F0" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[268,863,723,747]" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Blatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFEC3B3CE5BBEF1F0" box="[268,455,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Blatta orientalis</emphasis>
|
||||
Linnaeus, 1758 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFD6FB3CE592EF1F0" author="CARVALHO, J. C." box="[672,855,723,747]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="485 - 491" refId="ref3417" refString="CARVALHO, J. C., 1944, Consideracoes sobre alguns Gordiaceos Brasileiros, com descricao de duas especies novas (Gordiacea, Chordodidae), Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 4, 485 - 491." type="journal article" year="1944">Carvalho, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFC67B3CE5E4BF1F0" baseAuthorityName="Camerano" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[936,1074,723,747]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="peraccae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFC67B3CE5E4BF1F0" box="[936,1074,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. peraccae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFF55B3EE5806F010" authority="Wattenwyl, 1865" authorityName="Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1865" box="[154,639,755,779]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Ischnoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFF55B3EE5BDCF010" box="[154,421,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Ischnoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Wattenwyl, 1865
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFD57B3EE5919F010" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[664,864,755,779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref3391" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1915, Revisione dei Gordii, Memoria della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 66, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1915">Camerano, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFCBAB3EE5B5EF030" author="DE VILLALOBOS, C. & ZANCA, F." pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="117 - 125" refId="ref3632" refString="DE VILLALOBOS, C. and ZANCA, F., 2001, Scanning electron microscopy and intraspecific variation of Chordodes festae Camerano, 1897 and C. peraccae (Camerano, 1894) (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea), Systematic Parasitology, 50, 117 - 125." type="journal article" year="2001">De Villalobos and Zanca, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) to which
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFE6BB209586FF037" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[420,534,788,812]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFE6BB209586FF037" box="[420,534,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">C. balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can now be added. There are not enough data to indicate to what extent this may be facultative or might indicate a restriction in host range.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="724721312878FFCCFF0DB2695E2EF0D6" blockId="8.[154,1111,173,973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5F85AB22878FFCCFF0DB2695BE9F097" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1896" box="[194,400,884,908]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="408CFD232878FFCCFF0DB2695BE9F097" box="[194,400,884,908]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Chordodes balzani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been reported previously from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12878FFCCFCFFB26959F8F097" box="[816,897,884,908]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFC5DB2695E2BF097" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[914,1106,884,908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref3321" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1896, Descrizione di una nuova specie di Gordio del Basso Beni (Bolivia) raccolta dal Prof. L. Balzan, Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 16, 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1896">Camerano, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFF55B2895AA9F0B7" author="CAMERANO, L." box="[154,208,916,940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="339 - 419" refId="ref3365" refString="CAMERANO, L., 1897, Monografia dei Gordii, Memoria della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 47, 339 - 419." type="journal article" year="1897">1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12878FFCCFEECB2895BECF0B7" box="[291,405,916,940]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12878FFCCFE10B289585BF0B7" box="[479,546,916,940]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16695CC02878FFCCFDF5B289590DF0B7" author="CARVALHO, J. C. & FEIO, J. L." box="[570,884,916,940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref3492" refString="CARVALHO, J. C. and FEIO, J. L., 1950, Sobre alguns Gordiaceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 22, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1950">Carvalho and Feio, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). From this study
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12878FFCCFF55B2A85B77F0D6" box="[154,270,949,973]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0AEF61A12878FFCCFE84B2A8583DF0D6" box="[331,580,949,973]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="8" pageNumber="2312">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||||
extend the known distribution of the species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue